California Code of Regulations
Title 14 - Natural Resources
Division 6 - Resources Agency
Chapter 3 - Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act
Appendix G
Environmental Checklist Form
NOTE: The following is a sample form that may be tailored to satisfy individual agencies' needs and project circumstances. It may be used to meet the requirements for an initial study when the criteria set forth in CEQA Guidelines have been met. Substantial evidence of potential impacts that are not listed on this form must also be considered. The sample questions in this form are intended to encourage thoughtful assessment of impacts, and do not necessarily represent thresholds of significance.
1. Project title: ____________________
2. Lead agency name and address:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
3. Contact person and phone number:
___________________________
4. Project location:
5. Project sponsor's name and address:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
6. General plan designation:
___________________________
7. Zoning:
8. Description of project: (Describe the whole action involved, including but not limited to later phases of the project, and any secondary, support, or off-site features necessary for its implementation. Attach additional sheets if necessary.)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
9. Surrounding land uses and setting: Briefly describe the project's surroundings:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
10. Other public agencies whose approval is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, or participation agreement.)
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
11. Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project area requested consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1? If so, is there a plan for consultation that includes, for example, the determination of significance of impacts to tribal cultural resources, procedures regarding confidentiality, etc.?
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
NOTE: Conducting consultation early in the CEQA process allows tribal governments, lead agencies, and project proponents to discuss the level of environmental review, identify and address potential adverse impacts to tribal cultural resources, and reduce the potential for delay and conflict in the environmental review process. (See Public Resources Code section 21080.3.2.) Information may also be available from the California Native American Heritage Commission's Sacred Lands File per Public Resources Code section 5097.96 and the California Historical Resources Information System administered by the California Office of Historic Preservation. Please also note that Public Resources Code section 21082.3(c) contains provisions specific to confidentiality.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:
The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a "Potentially Significant Impact" as indicated by the checklist on the following pages.
[] Aesthetics | [] Agriculture and Forestry Resources | [] Air Quality |
[] Biological Resources | [] Cultural Resources | [] Energy |
[] Geology /Soils | [] Greenhouse Gas Emissions | [] Hazards & Hazardous Materials |
[] Hydrology / Water Quality | [] Land Use / Planning | [] Mineral Resources |
[] Noise | [] Population / Housing | [] Public Services |
[] Recreation | [] Transportation | [] Tribal Cultural Resources |
[] Utilities/Service Systems | [] Wildfire | [] Mandatory Findings of Significance |
DETERMINATION: (To be completed by the Lead Agency)
On the basis of this initial evaluation:
[] I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.
[] I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.
[] I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required.
[] I find that the proposed project MAY have a "potentially significant impact" or "potentially significant unless mitigated" impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.
[] I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required.
___________________________ | ___________________________ | |
Signature | Date |
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:
1) A brief explanation is required for all answers except "No Impact" answers that are adequately supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question. A "No Impact" answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A "No Impact" answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis).
2) All answers must take account of the whole action involved, including off-site as well as on-site, cumulative as well as project-level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational impacts.
3) Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur, then the checklist answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, or less than significant. "Potentially Significant Impact" is appropriate if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more "Potentially Significant Impact" entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required.
4) "Negative Declaration: Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated" applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from "Potentially Significant Impact" to a "Less than Significant Impact." The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures, and briefly explain how they reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from "Earlier Analyses," as described in (5) below, may be cross-referenced).
5) Earlier analyses may be used where, pursuant to the tiering, program EIR, or other CEQA process, an effect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. Section 15063(c)(3)(D). In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following:
a) Earlier Analysis Used. Identify and state where they are available for review.
b) Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation based on the earlier analysis.
c) Mitigation Measures. For effects that are "Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Incorporated," describe the mitigation measures which were incorporated or refined from the earlier document and the extent to which they address site-specific conditions for the project.
6) Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning ordinances). Reference to a previously prepared or outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the statement is substantiated.
7) Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion.
8) This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project's environmental effects in whatever format is selected.
9) The explanation of each issue should identify:
a) the significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and
b) the mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significance.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Issues:
Potentially Significant Impact | Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated | Less Than Significant Impact | No Impact | |
I. AESTHETICS. Except as provided in Public Resources Code Section 21099, would the project: | ||||
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
II. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES. In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site Assessment Model (1997) prepared by the California Dept. of Conservation as an optional model to use in assessing impacts on agriculture and farmland. In determining whether impacts to forest resources, including timberland, are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection regarding the state's inventory of forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project; and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest Protocols adopted by the California Air Resources Board. Would the project: | ||||
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
III. AIR QUALITY. Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management district or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the following determinations. Would the project: | ||||
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
IV. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES: Would the project: | ||||
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or US Fish and Wildlife Service? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
V. CULTURAL RESOURCES. Would the project: | ||||
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to in § 15064.5 ? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to § 15064.5 ? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
VI. ENERGY. Would the project: | ||||
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
VII. GEOLOGY AND SOILS. Would the project: | ||||
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: | [] | [] | [] | [] |
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. | [] | [] | [] | [] |
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
iv) Landslides? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
VIII. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. Would the project: | ||||
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
IX. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Would the project: | ||||
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
X. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY. Would the project: | ||||
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: | [] | [] | [] | [] |
(i) result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; | [] | [] | [] | [] |
(ii) substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on-or offsite; | [] | [] | [] | [] |
(iii) create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or | [] | [] | [] | [] |
(iv) impede or redirect flood flows? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XI. LAND USE AND PLANNING. Would the project: | ||||
a) Physically divide an established community? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XII. MINERAL RESOURCES. Would the project: | ||||
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally-important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XIII. NOISE -- Would the project result in: | ||||
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) For a project located within-the vicinity of a private airstrip or-an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XIV . POPULATION AND HOUSING. Would the project: | ||||
a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XV. PUBLIC SERVICES. | ||||
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: | ||||
Fire protection? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Police protection? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Schools? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Parks? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
Other public facilities? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XVI. RECREATION. | ||||
a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XVII. TRANSPORTATION. | ||||
Would the project: | ||||
a) Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Result in inadequate emergency access? | ||||
XVIII. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES | ||||
a) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: | ||||
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or | [] | [] | [] | [] |
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XIX. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS. | ||||
Would the project: | ||||
a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project's projected demand in addition to the provider's existing commitments? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XX. WILDFIRE -- If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project: | ||||
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
XXI. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE | ||||
a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? | [] | [] | [] | [] |
1. New Appendix G filed 10-8-76; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 76, No 41). NOTE: Order designated that compliance with this appendix is authorized but not mandatory before 1-1-77.
2. Amendment of subsections (n) and (o) filed 2-2-78; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 78, No. 5).
3. Amendment of subsections (j) and (v) and new subsections (y) and (z) filed 5-8-80; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 80, No. 19).
4. Amendment of first paragraph and subsection (c) filed 5-27-97; operative 5-27-97 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(d) (Register 97, No. 22).
5. Repealer of former Appendix G and relettering and amendment of former Appendix I to new Appendix G filed 10-26-98; operative 10-26-98 pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21087 (Register 98, No. 44).
6. Change without regulatory effect amending Appendix G filed 2-1-2001 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2001, No. 5).
7. Amendment of Appendix G andNOTE filed 2-16-2010; operative 3-18-2010 (Register 2010, No. 8).
8. Addition of item 11 to sample checklist form, addition of "Tribal Cultural Resources" to "Environmental Factors Potentially Affected," amendment of item V. "Cultural Resources" -- d), new item XVII and renumbering of following items filed 9-27-2016; operative 9-27-2016 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(b)(3) (Register 2016, No. 40).
9. Amendment filed 12-28-2018; operative 12-28-2018 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(b)(3) (Register 2018, No. 52).
Note: Authority cited: Sections 21083 and 21083.05, Public Resources Code. Reference: Section 65088.4, Government Code; Sections 21080(c), 21080.1, 21080.3, 21082.1, 21083, 21083.05, 21083.3, 21093, 21094, 21095 and 21151, Public Resources Code; Sundstrom v. County of Mendocino (1988) 202 Cal.App.3d 296; Leonoff v. Monterey Board of Supervisors (1990) 222 Cal.App.3d 1337; Eureka Citizens for Responsible Govt. v. City of Eureka (2007) 147 Cal.App.4th 357; Protect the Historic Amador Waterways v. Amador Water Agency (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th at 1109; and San Franciscans Upholding the Downtown Plan v. City and County of San Francisco (2002) 102 Cal.App.4th 656.