California Code of Regulations
Title 13 - Motor Vehicles
Division 3 - Air Resources Board
Chapter 9 - Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices
Article 7 - Certification Procedures for Aftermarket Parts for off-Road Vehicles, Engines, Equipment
Section 2471 - Definitions

(1) "All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)" means any motorized off-highway vehicle 50 inches (1270 mm) or less in overall width, designed to travel on four low pressure tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control, and intended for use by a single operator and no passengers. The vehicle is designed to carry not more than 350 pounds (160 kg) payload, excluding the operator, and is powered by an internal combustion engine. Width shall be exclusive of accessories and optional equipment. A golf cart is not, for purposes of this regulation, to be classified as an all-terrain vehicle.

(2) "Alternate Fuel" means any fuel that will reduce non-methane hydrocarbons (on a reactivity-adjusted basis), NOx, CO, and the potential risk associated with toxic air contaminants as compared to gasoline or diesel fuel and would not result in increased deterioration of the engine. Alternate fuels include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, and electricity.

(3) "Alternative fuel" refers to liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, alcohol, and alcohol/gasoline fuels.

(4) "Alternative fuel conversion system" means a package of fuel, ignition, emission control, and engine components that are modified, removed, or added during the process of modifying a vehicle/engine/equipment to operate on an alternative fuel and to perform at an emission rate lower than or equal to the rate to which the engine family was originally certified.

(5) "Alternative fuel conversion system manufacturer" refers to a person who manufactures or assembles an alternative fuel conversion system for sale in California, requests, and is granted the Executive Order certifying the conversion system.

(6) "Confirmatory testing" means an ARB directed follow-up emissions test and inspection of the test engine or test vehicle that had been used by the manufacturer to obtain test data for submittal with the certification application. The emissions tests can be conducted at ARB or contracted out facilities or at the manufacturer's facility.

(7) "Conventional fuel" means gasoline or diesel fuel.

(8) "Diesel Cycle Engine" means a type of engine with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical diesel combustion cycle. The primary means of controlling power output in a diesel cycle engine is by limiting the amount of fuel that is injected into the combustion chambers of the engine. A diesel cycle engine may be petroleum-fueled (i.e. diesel-fueled) or alternate-fueled.

(9) "Driveability" of an off-road vehicle or off-road equipment means the smooth delivery of power, as demanded by the driver or operator. Typical causes of driveability degradation are rough idling, misfiring, surging, hesitation, or insufficient power. Conversion from conventional fuels to alternative fuels may entail losses of volumetric efficiency, resulting in some power loss. Such power loss is not considered to be driveability degradation.

(10) "Dual fuel" refers to a conversion system which utilizes both an alternative fuel and a conventional fuel without further hardware changeover required.

(11) "Emission Control System" includes any component, group of components, or engine modification that controls or causes the reduction of substances emitted from an engine.

(12) "Engine Family" is a subclass of a basic engine based on similar emission characteristics. The engine family is the grouping of engines that is used for the purposes of certification.

(13) "Executive Officer" means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.

(14) "Exhaust Emissions" means substances emitted into the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of an off-road vehicle, engine, or equipment.

(15) "Fuel System" means the combination of any of the following components: fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, oil injection metering system, carburetor or fuel injection components, evaporative controls and all fuel system vents.

(16) "Go-Kart" means any four wheeled, open framed vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. These vehicles are generally found at amusement parks and rented to patrons on a "pay-by-play" basis. These vehicles are generally designed for a single rider and run on a confined track. A go-kart that is not used exclusively in competition/racing events in a closed course is not a competition/racing vehicle for purposes of these regulations.

(17) "Golf Cart" means a vehicle used to convey equipment and no more than two persons, including the driver, to play the game of golf in an area designated as a golf course. Golf carts are designed to have an unladen weight of less than 1,300 pounds and carry not more than 100 pounds, excluding passengers, accessories and optional equipment. A golf cart is not used for grounds keeping or maintenance purposes.

(18) "Heavy-Duty Off-Road Diesel Cycle Engines" or "Engines" are identified as: diesel or alternate fuel powered diesel cycle internal combustion engines 175 horsepower and greater, operated on or in any device by which any person or property may be propelled, moved or drawn upon a highway, but are primarily used off a highway. The engines are designed for powering construction, farm, mining, forestry and industrial implements and equipment. They are designed to be used in, but are not limited to use in, the following applications: agricultural tractors, backhoes, excavators, dozers, log skidders, trenchers, motor graders, portable generators and compressors and other miscellaneous applications. Specifically excluded from this category are:

(19) "Inboard Engine" means a four-stroke spark-ignition marine engine not used in a personal watercraft that is designed such that the propeller shaft penetrates the hull of the marine watercraft while the engine and the remainder of the drive unit is internal to the hull of the marine watercraft.

(20) "Installer" means a person who installs alternative fuel conversion systems on off-road vehicles/engines/equipment.

(21) "Marine watercraft" means every description of boat, ship or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being operated on water.

(22) "Model year" means the manufacturer's annual production period which includes January 1 of a calendar year or, if the manufacturer has no annual production period, the calendar year.

(23) "Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Engines" or "Engines" are identified as: two-stroke or four-stroke, air-cooled, liquid-cooled, gasoline, diesel, or alternate fuel powered engines or electric motors that are designed for powering off-road recreational vehicles and engines included in, but not limited to use in, the following: off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and golf carts. All engines and equipment that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental Protection Agency, are specifically not included within this category.

(24) "Off-Road Aftermarket Parts Manufacturer" means any person engaged in the manufacturing of add-on or modified parts, as defined in Section 1900(b), (1) and (10), Chapter 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, for off-road vehicles, engines or equipment subject to California or federal emission standards.

(25) "Off-Road Engine" means any internal combustion engine or motor designed for powering off-road vehicles or off-road equipment. All engines that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental Protection Agency, are specifically not included within this category.

(26) "Off-Road Large Spark-ignition Engines" or "LSI Engines" means any engine that produces a gross horsepower 25 and greater horsepower or is designed (e.g., through fueling, engine calibrations, valve timing, engine speed modifications, etc.) to produce 25 and greater horsepower. If an engine family has models at or above 25 horsepower and models below 25 horsepower, only the models at or above 25 horsepower would be considered LSI engines. The engine's operating characteristics are significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle with the engine's primary means of controlling power output being to limit the amount of air that is throttled into the combustion chamber of the engine. LSI engines or alternate fuel powered LSI internal combustion engines are designed for powering, but not limited to powering, forklift trucks, sweepers, generators, and industrial equipment and other miscellaneous applications. All engines and equipment that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental Protection Agency, are specifically excluded from this category.

Specifically excluded from this category are:

(27) "Off-Road Motorcycle" means any two or three-wheeled vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and weighing less than 1,499 pounds. An off-road motorcycle is primarily designed for use off highways. These vehicles are mainly used for recreational riding on dirt trails but are not limited to this purpose.

(28) "Off-Road Vehicle" or "Off-Road Equipment" means any non-stationary device, powered by an internal combustion engine or motor, used primarily off the highways to propel, move, or draw persons or property including any device propelled, moved, or drawn exclusively by human power, and used in, but not limited to, the following applications: Marine Vessels, Construction/Farm Equipment, Locomotives, Small Off-Road Engines, Off-Road Motorcycles, and Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles.

(29) "Otto Cycle Engine" means a type of engine with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. The primary means of controlling power output in an Otto cycle engine is by limiting the amount of air and fuel which can enter the combustion chambers of the engine. As an example, gasoline-fueled engines are Otto cycle engines.

(30) "Outboard engine" means a spark-ignition marine engine that, when properly mounted on a marine watercraft in the position to operate, houses the engine and drive unit external to the hull of the marine watercraft.

(31) "Personal watercraft engine" means a spark-ignition marine engine that does not meet the definition of outboard engine, inboard engine or sterndrive engine, except that the Executive Officer may in his or her discretion classify a personal watercraft engine as an inboard or sterndrive engine if it is comparable in technology and emissions to an inboard or sterndrive engine.

(32) "Scheduled Maintenance" means any adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of components or systems required by the manufacturer which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or equipment or engine malfunction, or anticipated as necessary to correct an overt indication of malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.

(33) "Small off-road engine" means any engine that produces a gross horsepower less than 25 horsepower, or is designed (e.g., through fuel feed, valve timing, etc.) to produce less than 25 horsepower, that is not used to propel a licensed on-road motor vehicle, an off-road motorcycle, an all-terrain vehicle, a marine vessel, a snowmobile, a model airplane, a model car, or a model boat. If an engine family has models below 25 horsepower and models at or above 25 horsepower, only the models under 25 horsepower would be considered small off-road engines. Uses for small off-road engines include, but are not limited to, applications such as lawn mowers, weed trimmers, chain saws, golf carts, specialty vehicles, generators and pumps. All engines and equipment that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental Protection Agency, are specifically not included within this category.

(34) "Spark-ignition marine engine" means any engine used to propel a marine watercraft, and which utilizes the spark-ignition combustion cycle.

(35) "Specialty Vehicles" means any vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine having not less than 3 wheels in contact with the ground, having an unladen weight generally less than 2,000 pounds, which is typically operated between 10 and 35 miles per hour. The recommended bed payload for specialty vehicles is usually up to 2,000 pounds. Specialty vehicles are mainly used off of highways and residential streets. Applications of such vehicles include, but are not limited to, carrying passengers, hauling light loads, grounds keeping and maintenance, resort or hotel areas, airports, etc.

(36) "Sterndrive engine" means a four-stroke spark-ignition marine engine not used in a personal watercraft that is designed such that the drive unit is external to the hull of the marine watercraft, while the engine is internal to the hull of the marine watercraft.

(37) "Test engine" means the engine or group of engines that a manufacturer uses during certification, production line and in-use testing to determine compliance with emission standards.

(38) "Ultimate Purchaser" means the first person who in good faith purchases a replacement, add-on, or modified part for purposes other than resale.

(39) "Warrantable Condition" means any condition of an engine that requires the manufacturer to take corrective action pursuant to applicable defects warranty provisions.

(40) "Warranted Part" means any emissions-related part installed on an engine by the equipment or engine manufacturer, or installed in a warranty repair, which is listed on the warranty parts list.

(41) "Warranty period" means the period of time, either in years or hours of operation, that the engine or part is covered by the warranty provisions.

(42) "Warranty station" means a service facility authorized by the equipment or engine manufacturer to perform warranty repairs. This includes all manufacturer distribution centers that are franchised to service the subject equipment or engines.