California Code of Regulations
Title 13 - Motor Vehicles
Division 3 - Air Resources Board
Chapter 9 - Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices
Article 3 - Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines
Section 2418 - Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures

Universal Citation: 13 CA Code of Regs 2418

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 38, September 20, 2024

(a) Manufacturers of OHRVs must comply with the following evaporative emission standards for new OHRVs sold or offered for sale in California.

(1) Evaporative emissions from an OHRV may not exceed the following limitations:
(A) The applicable emission standards outlined in Table 1 for either the 72 hour diurnal standard or the steady state diurnal standard. All OHRVs certified to the emission standards below are presumed to demonstrate compliance with federal permeation standards specified in Cal. Code Regs., tit.13, § 2412(b)(2).

Table 1

Vehicle and Model YearRequired Tests72-Hour Diurnal Standard(1) Steady State Diurnal Standard(2)
OHRVs 2018 and later model years Diurnal 1 gram TOG/day 1 gram TOG/day
Fuel System Leakage Tip TestNo visible liquid leakage

(B) All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Filler Neck Compatibility Standard.

Beginning with model year 2018, ATVs with fuel tanks that are re-designed to be geometrically different from fuel tanks of 2017 and earlier model years, and have a nominal capacity of greater than 3.5 gallons, must meet the filler pipe sealing surface requirements of Figure 1 of the International Standards Organization 13331:1995(E), published June 1, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein. Perpendicularly down from the mating surface there must be a minimum of 120 mm (90 mm for nozzle, 5 mm for bellows compression, and 25 mm for extra space fuel flow) to the bottom of the tank.

(2) Zero emission off-road vehicles must produce zero fuel evaporative emissions under any and all possible operational modes and conditions and are, therefore, not required to perform evaporative emissions testing to certify in accordance with section 2419.4.

(b) Small Volume OHRV Manufacturer Design-Based Standard.

(1) In lieu of certifying to the emission standards in subdivision (a), a small volume OHRV manufacturer may certify OHRVs to the design-based standards set out in Table 2. If a Small Volume OHRV Manufacturer elects to certify under this subdivision, they must perform a tip-test as specified in subdivision (a)(1).

Table 2

Effective Date Model YearFuel Tank Permeation Grams/m2/dayFuel Hose Permeation Grams/m2/dayCarbon Canister Working Capacity Grams/Liter of Nominal Fuel Tank VolumeFuel Injection
2018 and later model years1.5 @ 28°C (82°F)(1)15.0 @ 23°C (74°F)1.0(2)Required
__________
(1) Fuel tank permeation standards specified in Cal. Code Regs., tit.13, § 2412(b)(2).
(2) The carbon canister must be actively purged during engine operation.

(c) The test procedures for determining compliance with the standards in subdivisions (a) and (b) are as follows:

(1) The test procedure used for subdivision (a) is TP-933.

(2) The test procedures used for subdivisions (b) and (e) are specified in subdivisions (A), (B), and (C) below:
(A) Fuel hose permeation, as set forth in SAE J1737, as amended May 14, 2013, using the test fuel specified in TP-933 or fuel CE10 as described in Part 1060.515(a)(1), Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as amended on February 19, 2015, and incorporated by reference herein, which includes ASTM D471-06, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property -- Effect of Liquids (ASTM D471), last amended October 1, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, fuel hose permeation may be tested in accordance with section 2412(c)(1).

(B) Fuel tank permeation, as set forth in Part 1060.520, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as amended on April 30, 2010, or Part 1051.515, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as amended on July 13, 2005, and incorporated by reference herein.

(C) The carbon canister, as set forth in TP-902.

(3) Compliance with the fuel tank permeation, hose permeation, and carbon canister working capacity standards in subdivision (b) and subdivision (e) shall be determined in accordance with section 2419.4(b)(3).

(d) Phase-in Schedule.

(1) For model years 2018 through 2021, OHRV manufacturers may phase-in evaporative emission standards specified in subdivision (a) so that 75 percent of all OHRVs sold in model years 2018 through 2021 are compliant with the requirements in section 2419.4, or;

(2) The weighted average of compliant OHRVs must be greater than 75 percent and can include early compliant model year 2017 OHRVs in the model year (MY) 2018 calculation so that: (MY2017%control + MY2018%control) X 0.4 + MY2019%control X 0.3 + MY2020%control X 0.2 + MY2021%control X 0.1 >75 % and percent compliance cannot decrease.

(3) All 2018 through 2021 model year OHRVs that are not subject to these standards pursuant to the phase-in schedule must comply with the evaporative permeation requirements for 2008 and later model year OHRVs, as described in Cal. Code Regs., tit.13, § 2412(b)(2).

(4) The percentage of OHRV fleet averaged across model years 2018 through 2021 must be used to determine compliance with this requirement.

(5) For the purpose of calculating the fleet average, an OHRV manufacturer must use the percentage of OHRVs sold or offered for sale in California for model years 2018 through 2021. An OHRV manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using the projected sales for these model years in lieu of actual sales.

(6) Any OHRV manufacturer that participates in the phase-in period must comply with the administrative requirements in section 2419.4(d).

(7) For model years 2020 and 2021, off-road motorcycles and ATVs that are certified in accordance with the alternative evaporative standards set forth in section 2418(e) shall not be included in the phase-in calculation.

(e) Beginning in model year 2020, off-road motorcycle and ATV manufacturers may comply with the alternative evaporative standards shown in Table 3 or Table 4 in lieu of the emission standards set forth in subdivision (a). The controls specified in Table 3 or Table 4 shall be implemented following the schedule in Table 5:

Table 3 - Alternative Standards for Off-Road Motorcycles

TierFuel Tank Permeation Grams/m2/dayFuel Hose Permeation Grams/m2/dayFuel Injection or Automatic Fuel Shutoff(3)Carbon Canister Working Capacity Grams/Liter of Nominal Fuel Tank Volume
ICertified per Cal. Code Regs., tit. 13, § 2418(a) or 1976(b)(2)
II1.5 @ 28°C (82°F)(1)15.0 @ 40°C (104°F)(1)Required1.0(1)(2)
III1.5 @ 28°C (82°F)(1)15.0 @ 23°C (74°F)(1)NoneNone
__________
(1) Certification and test procedures specified in Cal. Code Regs., tit. 13, § 2418(c)(2) and (3)
(2) For motorcycles with engines greater than 112 cc displacement, the carbon canister must be actively purged during engine operation. Motorcycles with engines less than or equal to 112 cc displacement may use either actively purged or passively purged canisters. Active purge refers to ambient air being drawn through a carbon canister by a vacuum created by the intake system. Passive purge refers to ambient air being drawn through a carbon canister by the vacuum created by normal diurnal variations of the fuel tank temperature.
(3) Automatic fuel shutoff is a valve or similar mechanism that completely stops the flow of fuel to the carburetor automatically whenever the vehicle is turned off.

Table 4 - Alternative Standards for ATVs

TierFuel Tank Permeation Grams/m2/dayFuel Hose Permeation Grams/m2/dayFuel Injection or Automatic Fuel Shutoff(3)Carbon Canister Working Capacity Grams/Liter of Nominal Fuel Tank Volume
ICertified per Cal. Code Regs., tit. 13, § 2418(a)
II1.5 @ 28°C (82°F)(1)MY 2020-2026: 15.0 @ 23°C (74°F) MY 2027 and later: 15.0 @ 40°C (104°F)(1)Required1.0(1)(2)
III1.5 @ 28°C (82°F)(1)15.0 @ 23°C (74°F)(1)NoneNone

__________

(1) Certification and test procedures specified in Cal. Code Regs., tit. 13, § 2418(c)(2) and (3).

(2) For ATVs with engines greater than 112 cc displacement, the carbon canister must be actively purged during engine operation. ATVs with engines less than or equal to 112 cc displacement may use either actively purged or passively purged canisters. Active purge refers to ambient air being drawn through a carbon canister by a vacuum created by the intake system. Passive purge refers to ambient air being drawn through a carbon canister by the vacuum created by normal diurnal variations of the fuel tank temperature.

(3) Automatic fuel shutoff is a valve or similar mechanism that completely stops the flow of fuel to the carburetor automatically whenever the vehicle is turned off.

Table 5 - Phase-In Schedule

TypeTierModel Years 2020-2021Model Years 2022-2026Model Years 2027+
Off-Road Motorcycles w/Engines > 112 ccI0%0% > 50%
II0%0%[LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 50%
III100%100%0%
Off-Road Motorcycles w/Engines [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 112 ccII0%0%100%
III100%100%0%
ATVs w/ Engines >112 ccI0% > 80% > 80%
II0%[LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 20%[LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 20%
III100%0%0%
ATVs w/ Engines [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 112 ccII0%0%100%
III100%100%0%

1. New section filed 12-17-2014; operative 4-1-2015 (Register 2014, No. 51).
2. Amendment of subsections (a)(2), (b)(1), (c), (c)(2)-(c)(2)(B) and new subsections (c)(3), (d)(7) and (e) and amendment of NOTE filed 11-26-2019; operative 1-1-2020 (Register 2019, No. 48).

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43105, 43107, 43205.5, 43210 and 43824, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43013, 43018, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43205, 43205.5, 43210 and 43824, Health and Safety Code; and Section 27156, Vehicle Code.

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