California Code of Regulations
Title 13 - Motor Vehicles
Division 3 - Air Resources Board
Chapter 2 - Enforcement of Vehicle Emission Standards and Surveillance Testing
Article 2.1 - Procedures for in-Use Vehicle Voluntary and Influenced Recalls
Section 2112 - Definitions

Universal Citation: 13 CA Code of Regs 2112

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 38, September 20, 2024

(a) "Capture rate" means the percentage of in-use vehicles or trailers subject to recall which must be corrected to bring the class or category of vehicles or trailers into compliance. The number of vehicles or trailers subject to recall shall be based on the actual number of vehicles or trailers in use as verified by the Department of Motor Vehicles registration records, or vehicle, engine, or trailer registration records compiled and prepared by R. L. Polk and Company or a comparable source at the time a recall is initiated.

(b) "Correlation factor" means a pollutant-specific multiplicative factor calculated by a manufacturer for an engine family or test group which establishes a relationship between chassis exhaust emission data, as determined from the test procedures specified in section 1960.1, 1961, 1961.2, or 1961.4, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, and engine exhaust emission data, as determined from the test procedures specified in section 1956.8, Title 13, California Code of Regulations.

(c) "Days", when computing any period of time, means normal working days on which a manufacturer is open for business, unless otherwise noted.

(d) "Emission-Related Failure" means a failure of a device, system, or assembly described in the approved application for certification which affects any parameter, specification, or component enumerated in Appendix A to this subchapter 2.5 or in 40 CFR 1037.120, last amended on October 25, 2016, incorporated by reference herein, or listed in the Emission Warranty Parts List pursuant to section 2036, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, except for failures of devices, systems and assemblies which the Executive Officer has deleted from the manufacturer's list of warranted parts pursuant to section 2036 (f), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.

(e) "Emission Warranty Claim" means an adjustment, inspection, repair or replacement of a specific emission-related component for which the vehicle, engine, or trailer manufacturer is invoiced or solicited by a repairing agent for compensation pursuant to warranty provisions, regardless of whether compensation is actually provided.

(f) "Executive Officer" means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board or his or her authorized representative.

(g) "Influenced Emission Recall" means an inspection, repair, adjustment, or modification program initiated and conducted by a manufacturer or its agent or representative as a result of in-use enforcement testing or other evidence of noncompliance provided or required by the Board, to remedy any nonconformity for which direct notification of vehicle, engine, or trailer owners is necessary.

(h) "Nonconformity" or "noncompliance" exists whenever:

(1) a substantial number of a class or category of vehicles, engines, or trailers, although properly maintained and used, experience a failure of the same emission-related component within their useful lives which, if uncorrected, results in the vehicles', engines', or trailers' failure to meet the applicable standards; or

(2) a class or category of vehicles, engines, or trailers within their useful lives, although properly maintained and used, on average does not comply with the emission standards prescribed under section 43101 of the Health and Safety Code which are applicable to the model-year of such vehicles, engines, or trailers.

(3) a class or category of vehicles or engines within their useful lives, although properly maintained and used, that do not comply with the in-use emission standards specified in section 1956.8, title 13, California Code of Regulations and "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles", incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(b), title 13, California Code of Regulations.

(4) a class or category of vehicles or engines within their useful lives, although properly maintained and used, that do not comply with the in-use emission standards specified in section 1956.8, title 13, California Code of Regulations and "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines and Vehicles", incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(d), title 13, California Code of Regulations.

(i) "Ordered Emission Recall" means an inspection, repair, adjustment, or modification program required by the Board and conducted by the manufacturer or its agent or representative to remedy any nonconformity for which direct notification of vehicle, engine, or trailer owners is necessary.

(j) "Quarterly reports" refer to the following calendar periods: January 1-March 31, April 1-June 30, July 1-September 30, October 1-December 31.

(k) "Ultimate purchaser" has the same meaning as defined in section 39055.5 of the Health and Safety Code.

(l) "Useful life" means, for the purposes of this article:

(1) For Class I motorcycles and motorcycle engines (50 to 169 cc or 3.1 to 10.4 cu. in.), a period of use of five years or 12,000 kilometers (7,456 miles), whichever first occurs.

(2) For Class II motorcycles and motorcycle engines (170 to 279 cc or 10.4 to 17.1 cu. in.), a period of use of five years or 18,000 kilometers (11,185 miles), whichever first occurs.

(3) For Class III motorcycles and motorcycle engines (280 cc and larger or 17.1 cu. in. and larger), a period of use of five years or 30,000 kilometers (18,641 miles), whichever first occurs.

(4) For 1982 through 1984 model-year diesel heavy-duty vehicles (except medium-duty vehicles), and 1982 through 1984 model-year motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of five years, 100,000 miles, or 3000 hours of operation, whichever first occurs.

(5) For 1982 through 1987 model-year gasoline heavy-duty vehicles (except medium-duty vehicles) certified using the steady-state emission standards and test procedures, and 1982 through 1987 model-year gasoline heavy-duty motor vehicle engines certified using the steady-state emission standards and test procedures, a period of use of five years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(6) For 1987 through 2003 model-year gasoline heavy-duty vehicles (except medium-duty vehicles) certified to the transient emission standards and test procedures, and 1987 and subsequent model-year gasoline heavy-duty motor vehicle engines certified using the transient emission standards and test procedures, a period of use of eight years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except as noted in paragraph (13).

(7) For 1985 through 2003 model-year heavy-duty diesel urban buses, and 1985 through 2003 model-year heavy-duty diesel engines to be used in urban buses, and for 1985 through 2003 model-year diesel heavy-duty vehicles (except medium-duty vehicles), and 1985 through 2003 model-year motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of eight years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs, for diesel light, heavy-duty vehicles; eight years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs, for diesel medium, heavy-duty vehicles; and eight years or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs, for diesel heavy, heavy-duty vehicles, except as provided in paragraphs (11), (14), (15) and (16); or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer. (The classes of diesel light, medium, and heavy, heavy-duty vehicles are defined in 40 CFR section 86.085-2, as amended November 16, 1983.)

(8) For light-duty and medium-duty vehicles certified under the Optional 100,000 Mile Certification Procedure, and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of ten years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(9) For 2001 through 2019 model year medium-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles certified to the primary standards in section 1961(a)(1), and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of 10 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. For 2001 through 2019 medium-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles certified to the optional 150,000 mile standards in section 1961(a)(1), and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first. For all other 1995 through 2023 model-year medium-duty vehicles and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, and 1992 through 1994 model-year medium-duty low-emission and ultra-low-emission vehicles certified to the standards in section 1960.1(h)(2), and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of 11 years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

(10) For all other light-duty and medium-duty vehicles, and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of five years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For those passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles certified pursuant to section 1960.1.5, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, the useful life shall be seven years, or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs; however, the manufacturer's reporting and recall responsibility beyond 5 years or 50,000 miles shall be limited, as provided in section 1960.1.5. For those passenger cars and light-duty trucks certified pursuant to Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1960.1 (f) and section 1960.1(g), the useful life shall be ten years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs; however, for those vehicles certified under section 1960.1(f), the manufacturer's warranty failure and defects reporting and recall responsibility shall be subject to the conditions and standards specified in section 1960.1 (f).

(11) For 1994 through 2003 model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel urban buses, and 1994 through 2003 model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines to be used in urban buses, for the particulate standard, a period of use of ten years or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(12) For 1997 and subsequent model year off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and for 2007 and subsequent model year off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of five years or 10,000 kilometers (6,250 miles), whichever first occurs.

(13) For 1998 through 2003 model-year gasoline heavy-duty engines, for the NOx standard, a period of use of ten years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(14) For 1998 through 2003 model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines, for the NOx standard, a period of use of ten years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(15) For 1998 through 2003 model-year medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for the NOx standard, a period of use of ten years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(16) For 1998 through 2003 model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, for the NOx standard, a period of use of ten years or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(17) For those passenger cars and light-duty trucks certified to the primary standards in section 1961(a)(1), the useful life shall be ten years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first. For 2001 and subsequent passenger car and light-duty truck low-emission, ultra-low-emission and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles certified to the optional 150,000 mile standards in section 1961(a)(1), and motor vehicle engines used in such vehicles, a period of use of fifteen years or 150,000 miles, whichever occurs first.

(18) For those passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to the standards in section 1961.2, 1961.3, or 1961.4, the useful life shall be 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For 2024 and subsequent model-year engines certified to the standards in section 1956.8 for use in medium-duty vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds certified to the standards in section 1961.2 or 1961.4, the useful life shall be 15 years or 150,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(19)
(A) For 2004 through 2026 model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines, except 2024 through 2026 model-year engines used in medium-duty vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(B) For 2027 through 2030 model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines used in heavy-duty vehicles with a GVWR greater than 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 12 years or 190,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(C) For 2031 and subsequent model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines used in heavy-duty vehicles with a GVWR greater than 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 15 years or 270,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(D) For 2024 and subsequent model-year diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, see sub-paragraph (l)(18) of this section.

(19.1) For 2014 through 2020 model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in sections 1956.8(a)(7) and 1956.8(h)(6), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, a period of use of ten years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer. For 2021 and subsequent model-year light heavy-duty diesel engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in sections 1956.8(a)(7) and 1956.8(h)(6), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, a period of use of fifteen years or 150,000 miles, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(20)
(A) For 2004 through 2026 model-year medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs; or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(B) For 2027 through 2030 model-year medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 11 years or 270,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(C) For 2031 and subsequent model-year medium heavy-duty diesel engines, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 12 years or 350,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(20.1) For 2014 and subsequent model-year medium heavy-duty diesel engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in section 1956.8(a)(7), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, a period of use of ten years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer.

(21)
(A) For 2004 through 2026 model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, 2004 through 2026 model-year heavy-duty diesel urban buses, 2004 through 2026 model-year heavy-duty diesel engines to be used in urban buses, and 2004 through 2026 model year hybrid-electric urban buses for carbon monoxide, particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbon emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 435,000 miles, or 22,000 hours, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer, except as provided in paragraphs (21)(A)(i) and (21)(B)(ii).
(i) The useful life limit of 22,000 hours in paragraph (21)(A) of this definition is effective as a limit to the useful life only when an accurate hours meter is provided by the manufacturer with the engine and only when such hours meter can reasonably be expected to operate properly over the useful life of the engine.

(ii) For an individual engine, if the useful life hours limit of 22,000 hours is reached before the engine reaches 10 years or 100,000 miles, the useful life shall become 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(B) For 2027 through 2030 model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, 2027 through 2030 model-year heavy-duty diesel urban buses, 2027 through 2030 model-year heavy-duty diesel engines to be used in urban buses, and 2027 through 2030 model year hybrid-electric urban buses for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 11 years or 600,000 miles, or 30,000 hours, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraphs (21)(B)(i) and (21)(B)(ii).
(i) The useful life limit of 30,000 hours in paragraph (21)(B) of this definition is effective as a limit to the useful life only if the manufacturer equips the engine with an hours meter that accurately records and reports the hours that the engine is operated throughout its useful life. The hours meter shall not count standby-idle time (key-on, engine off) as engine operating time for purposes of identifying the end of the useful life period, such as on a vehicle equipped with stop-start technology.

(ii) For an individual engine, if the useful life hours limit of 30,000 hours is reached before the engine reaches 11 years or 450,000 miles, the useful life shall become 11 years or 450,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(C) For 2031 and subsequent model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, 2031 and subsequent model-year heavy-duty diesel urban buses, 2031 and subsequent model-year heavy-duty diesel engines to be used in urban buses, and 2031 and subsequent model year hybrid-electric urban buses for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards, a period of use of 12 years or 800,000 miles, or 40,000 hours, whichever first occurs, except as provided in paragraphs (21)(C)(i) and (21)(C)(ii).
(i) The useful life limit of 40,000 hours in paragraph (21)(C) of this definition is effective as a limit to the useful life only if the manufacturer equips the engine with an hours meter that accurately records and reports the hours that the engine is operated throughout its useful life. The hours meter shall not count standby-idle time (key-on, engine off) as engine operating time for purposes of identifying the end of the useful life period, such as on a vehicle equipped with stop-start technology.

(ii) For an individual engine, if the useful life hours limit of 40,000 hours is reached before the engine reaches 12 years or 600,000 miles, the useful life shall become 12 years or 600,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(21.1) For 2014 and subsequent model-year heavy heavy-duty diesel engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in section 1956.8(a)(7), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, a period of use of ten years or 435,000 miles, or 22,000 hours, whichever first occurs, or any alternative useful life period approved by the Executive Officer, except as provided in paragraphs (21)(A) and (21)(B).

(22)
(A) For 2004 through 2026 model-year heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, except 2024 through 2026 model-year engines used in medium-duty vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, and oxides of nitrogen plus non-methane hydrocarbon emissions standards, a period of use of 10 years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(B) For 2027 through 2030 model-year heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines used in heavy-duty vehicles with a GVWR greater than 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions standards, a period of use of 12 years or 155,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(C) For 2031 and subsequent model-year heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines used in heavy-duty vehicles with a GVWR greater than 14,000 pounds, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions standards, a period of use of 15 years or 200,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(D) For 2024 and subsequent model-year Otto-cycle engines used in medium-duty vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, see subparagraph (l)(18) of this section.

(22.1) For 2014 through 2020 model-year heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in sections 1956.8(c)(4) and 1956.8(h)(6), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emissions standards, the useful life shall be a period of use of ten years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For 2021 and subsequent model-year heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines certified to the Greenhouse Gas emission standards in sections 1956.8(c)(4) and 1956.8(h)(6), title 13, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, the useful life shall be a period of use of fifteen years or 150,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(23) For 2022 and subsequent model year hybrid powertrains optionally certified pursuant to 13 CCR § 1956.8, for carbon monoxide, particulate, oxides of nitrogen, and non-methane hydrocarbons emissions standards:
(A) For diesel hybrid powertrains primarily used in vehicles with a GVWR from 14,001 to 19,500 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for light heavy-duty diesel engines in section 2112 (l)(19) shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(B) For diesel hybrid powertrains primarily used in vehicles with a GVWR from 19,501 to 33,000 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for medium heavy-duty diesel engines in section 2112 (l)(20) shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(C) For diesel hybrid powertrains primarily used in vehicles with a GVWR greater than 33,000 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for heavy heavy-duty diesel engines in section 2112 (l)(21) shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(D) For Otto-cycle hybrid powertrains used in vehicles with a GVWR greater than 14,000 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for heavy-duty engines in section 2112 (l)(22) shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(E) In the case of diesel hybrid powertrains used in incomplete vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for heavy-duty engines in sections 2112 (l)(18) or (l)(19), as applicable, shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(F) In the case of Otto-cycle hybrid powertrains used in incomplete vehicles with a GVWR from 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, the periods of use and model year implementation schedules for heavy-duty engines in section 2112 (l)(22) shall apply to the hybrid powertrains.

(24)
(A) For California-certified 2008 and subsequent model year spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard marine engines with maximum rated power less than or equal to 373 kilowatts and complying with the Option 2 requirements in Section 2442(b)(1), and for California-certified 2009 and subsequent model-year spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard marine engines with a maximum rated or maximum engine power less than or equal to 485 kilowatts, a period of ten years or 480 hours, a period of ten years or 480 hours, whichever first occurs.

(B) For California-certified 2009 and subsequent model year spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard marine engines greater than 485 kilowatts, a period of one year or 50 hours, whichever first occurs. Manufacturers of spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard marine engines greater than 485 kilowatts may petition the Executive Officer for a approval of a shorter period when appropriate.

(25) For 2014 through 2020 model-year heavy-duty vehicles from 8,501 to 19,500 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, as applicable, the useful life shall be ten years or 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For 2021 and subsequent model-year heavy-duty vehicles from 8,501 to 19,500 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane emission standards, as applicable, the useful life shall be fifteen years or 150,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(26) For 2014 through 2020 model-year heavy-duty vehicles above 19,500 pounds and at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide emission standards, the useful life shall be ten years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For 2021 and subsequent model-year vocational vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR using light or medium heavy-duty diesel engines or above 19,500 pounds GVWR using Otto-cycle engines, and for 2021 and subsequent model-year tractors from 26,001 to 33,000 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide emission standards, the useful life shall be ten years or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(27) For 2014 through 2020 model-year heavy-duty vehicles above 33,000 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide emissions standards, the useful life shall be ten years or 435,000 miles, whichever first occurs. For 2021 and subsequent model-year vocational vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR using heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, and for 2021 and subsequent model-year tractors over 33,000 pounds GVWR, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide emission standards, the useful life shall be ten years or 435,000 miles, whichever first occurs.

(28) For 2020 and subsequent model-year trailers, certified to the GHG emission standards of section 95663, title 17, CCR, for carbon dioxide emission standards, the useful life shall be ten years.

(m) "Vehicle, engine, or trailer manufacturer" means the manufacturer granted certification for a motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, or trailer.

(n) "Voluntary Emission Recall" means an inspection, repair, adjustment, or modification program voluntarily initiated and conducted by a manufacturer or its agent or representative to remedy any nonconformity for which direct notification of vehicle, engine, or trailer owners is necessary.

(o) "Trailer" has the same definition as that in section 95662(a), title 17, California Code of Regulations.

Appendix A to Article 2.1

California In-Use Vehicle Emission-Related Recall Procedures, Enforcement Test Procedures, and Failure Reporting Procedures for 1982 and Subsequent Model-Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, Medium-Duty Vehicles, Heavy-Duty Vehicles and Engines, Motorcycles, 1997 and Subsequent Model-Year Off-Road Motorcycles and All-Terrain Vehicles, 2000 and Subsequent Model-Year Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engines, and 2008 and Subsequent Model-Year Spark-Ignition Sterndrive/Inboard Marine Engines.

Vehicle and Engine Parameters, Components, and Specifications

I. Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, Medium-Duty Vehicle, Motorcycle, and Inboard and Sterndrive Parameters and Specifications.
A. Basic Engine Parameters--Reciprocating Engines.
1. Compression ratio.

2. Cranking compression pressure.

3. Valves (intake and exhaust).
a. Head diameter dimension.

b. Valve lifter or actuator type and valve lash dimension.

4. Turbocharger calibrations.

5. Camshaft timing.
a. Valve opening (degrees BTDC).

b. Valve closing (degrees ATDC).

c. Valve overlap (inch-degrees).

B. Basic Engine Parameters--Rotary Engines.
1. Intake port(s): Timing and overlap if exposed to the combustion chamber.

2. Exhaust port(s): Timing and overlap if exposed to the combustion chamber.

3. Cranking compression pressure.

4. Compression ratio.

C. Air Inlet System: Temperature control system calibration.

D. Fuel System.
1. General
a. Engine idle speed.

b. Engine idle mixture.

2. Carburetion.
a. Air-fuel flow calibration.

b. Transient enrichment system calibration.

c. Starting enrichment system calibration.

d. Altitude compensation system calibration.

e. Hot idle compensation system calibration.

3. Fuel injection.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Fuel shutoff system calibration.

c. Starting enrichment system calibration.

d. Transient enrichment system calibration.

e. Air-fuel flow calibration.

f. Altitude compensation system calibration.

g. Operating pressure(s).

h. Injector timing calibrations.

E. Ignition System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Initial timing setting.

3. Dwell setting.

4. Altitude compensation system calibration.

5. Spark plug voltage.

F. Engine Cooling System: Thermostat calibration.

G. Exhaust Emission Control system.
1. Air injection system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. EGR valve flow calibration.

2. EGR system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. EGR valve flow calibration.

3. Catalytic converter system.
a. Active surface area.

b. Volume of catalyst.

c. Conversion efficiency.

d. Leaded fuel restrictor or constricted fuel filler neck.

4. Backpressure.

H. Evaporative Emission Control System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Fuel tank.
a. Pressure and vacuum relief settings.

b. Fuel fill pipe and opening specifications (Reference section 2290, Title 13, C.C.R.).

I. Crankcase Emission Control System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Valve calibration(s).

J. Auxiliary Emission Control Devices (AECD).
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Component calibration(s).

K. Emission Control Related Malfunction and Diagnostic Systems.
1. On-Board Malfunction and Diagnostic Systems
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Component calibration(s).

2. Emission Control Related Warning Systems
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Component calibration(s).

L. Driveline Parameters.
1. Axle ratio(s).

II. Heavy-Duty Gasoline Engine Parameters and Specifications.
A. Basic Engine Parameters.
1. Compression ratio.

2. Cranking compression pressure.

3. Supercharger/turbocharger calibration.

4. Valves (intake and exhaust).
a. Head diameter dimension.

b. Valve lifter or actuator type and valve lash dimension.

5. Camshaft timing.
a. Valve opening (degrees BTDC).

b. Valve closing (degrees ATDC).

c. Valve overlap (inch-degrees).

B. Air Inlet System: Temperature control system calibration.

C. Fuel System.
1. General.
a. Engine idle speed.

b. Engine idle mixture.

2. Carburetion.
a. Air-fuel flow calibration.

b. Transient enrichment system calibration.

c. Starting enrichment system calibration.

d. Altitude compensation system calibration.

e. Hot idle compensation system calibration.

3. Fuel injection.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Fuel shutoff system calibration.

c. Starting enrichment system calibration.

d. Transient enrichment system calibration.

e. Air-fuel flow calibration.

f. Altitude compensation system calibration.

g. Operating pressure(s).

h. Injector timing calibrations.

D. Ignition System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Initial timing setting.

3. Dwell setting.

4. Altitude compensation system calibration.

5. Spark plug voltage.

E. Engine Cooling System: Thermostat calibration.

F. Exhaust Emission Control system.
1. Air injection system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Pump flow rate.

2. EGR system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. EGR valve flow calibration.

3. Catalytic converter system.
a. Active surface area.

b. Volume of catalyst.

c. Conversion efficiency.

d. Leaded fuel restrictor or constricted fuel filler neck.

4. Backpressure.

G. Evaporative Emission Control System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Fuel tank.
a. Pressure and vacuum relief settings.

b. Fuel fill pipe and opening specifications (Reference section 2290, Title 13, C.C.R.).

H. Crankcase Emission Control System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Valve calibration(s).

I. Auxiliary Emission Control Devices (AECD).
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Component calibration(s).

J. Emission Control Related Warning Systems.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Component calibration(s).

III. Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine and Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engine Parameters and Specifications.
A. Basic Engine Parameters--Four Stroke Cycle Reciprocating Engines.
1. Compression ratio.

2. Cranking compression pressure.

3. Supercharger/turbocharger calibration.

4. Valves (intake and exhaust).
a. Head diameter dimension.

b. Valve lifter or actuator type and valve lash dimension.

5. Camshaft timing.
a. Valve opening (degrees BTDC).

b. Valve closing (degrees ATDC).

c. Valve overlap (inch-degrees).

B. Basic Engine Parameters--Two Stoke Cycle Reciprocating Engine.
1-5. Same as section III.A.

6. Intake port(s): Timing in combustion cycle.

7. Exhaust port(s): Timing in combustion cycle.

C. Air Inlet System: Temperature control system calibration.
1. Temperature control system calibration.

2. Maximum allowable air inlet restriction.

D. Fuel System.
1. Fuel injection.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.

b. Transient enrichment system calibration.

c. Air-fuel flow calibration.

d. Altitude compensation system calibration.

e. Operating pressure(s).

f. Injector timing calibration.

E. Exhaust Emission Control System: Maximum allowable backpressure.

F. Crankcase Emission Control System.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Valve calibration(s).

G. Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD).
1. Control parameters and calibrations.

2. Component calibration(s).

1. Amendment of text previously incorporated by reference filed 1-24-90; operative 2-23-90 (Register 90, No. 8). For prior history, see Registers 86, No. 38 and 83, No. 17.
2. Amendment of subsection (k)(9) filed 5-22-90; operative 6-21-90 (Register 90, No. 28).
3. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (c) and adding Appendix A to the Table of Contents below article 2.1, filed 10-16-90 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 90, No. 46).
4. Amendment of subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m) and (n) filed 8-2-91; operative 9-2-91 (Register 91, No. 49).
5. Amendment of subsection (l) filed 8-30-91; operative 9-30-91 (Register 92, No. 14).
6. Amendment of subsection (l)(7) and new subsection (l)(11) filed 5-12-94; operative 6-13-94 (Register 94, No. 19).
7. New subsection (l)(12) and amendment of Appendix filed 1-26-95; operative 1-26-95 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(d) (Register 95, No. 4). Note: Under section 209(e)(2) of the Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7543(e)(2)), California is required to receive authorization from the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) prior to enforcing its regulations regarding new off-road vehicles and engines. Accordingly, the Air Resources Board will not seek to enforce the off-highway recreational vehicle regulations until such time as it receives authorization from the U.S. EPA.
8. Amendment of subsections (l)(6)-(7) and new subsections (l)(13)-(16) filed 12-14-95; operative 1-13-96 (Register 95, No. 50).
9. Amendment of subsections (l)(6)-(7), (l)(11) and (l)(13)-(16) and new subsections (l)(17)-(l)(20) filed 4-15-99; operative 5-15-99 (Register 99, No. 16).
10. Amendment of subsections (b) and (l)(9), new subsection (l)(17) and subsection relettering filed 10-28-99; operative 11-27-99 (Register 99, No. 44).
11. New subsections (l)(22)-(l)(22)(C), amendment of first paragraph and section III. of Appendix A, and amendment of NOTE filed 12-28-2000; operative 12-28-2000 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(d) (Register 2000, No. 52).
12. New subsection (l)(23) and amendment of first paragraph and heading I. of Appendix filed 7-22-2002; operative 8-21-2002 (Register 2002, No. 30).
13. Amendment of section and NOTE filed 10-16-2003; operative 11-15-2003 (Register 2003, No. 42).
14. Amendment of subsection (l)(23) and first paragraph of Appendix A to article 2.1 and amendment of NOTE filed 11-13-2006; operative 12-13-2006 (Register 2006, No. 46).
15. Amendment of subsection (l)(12) filed 7-16-2007; operative 8-15-2007 (Register 2007, No. 29).
16. Amendment of subsection (l)(20), redesignation of former subsections (l)(20)(i)-(ii) as new subsections (l)(20)(A)-(B), redesignation and amendment of former subsection (l)(23) as new subsections (l)(23)(A)-(B) and amendment of Appendix A introductory paragraph and subsection I.F. filed 7-17-2009; operative 8-16-2009 (Register 2009, No. 29).
17. Amendment of subsections (b) and (l)(9), new subsection (l)(18) and subsection renumbering filed 8-7-2012; operative 8-7-2012 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4 (Register 2012, No. 32).
18. New subsections (l)(19.1), (l)(20.1), (l)(21.1), (l)(22.1) and (l)(25)-(27), amendment of subsection (l)(21) and amendment of NOTE filed 12-5-2014; operative 12-5-2014 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(b)(3) (Register 2014, No. 49).
19. Editorial correction of HISTORY 18 (Register 2014, No. 50).
20. Amendment of subsections (l)(19.1), (l)(20.1), (l)(21.1), (l)(22.1) and (l)(25)-(27) and new subsection (l)(28) filed 2-7-2019; operative 4-1-2019 (Register 2019, No. 6).
21. Amendment filed 12-22-2021; operative 4-1-2022 (Register 2021, No. 52). Transmission deadline specified in Government Code section 11346.4(b) extended 60 calendar days pursuant to Executive Order N-40-20. Filing deadline specified in Government Code section 11349.3(a) extended 60 calendar days pursuant to Executive Order N-40-20 and an additional 60 calendar days pursuant to Executive Order N-71-20.
22. Amendment of subsections (b) and (l)(18) filed 11-30-2022; operative 11-30-2022 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(b)(3) (Register 2022, No. 48).

Note: Authority cited: Sections 38501, 38505, 38510, 38560, 39010, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code. Reference: Sections 38501, 38505, 38510, 38560, 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 39601, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43202, 43204- 43205.5, 43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code.

Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. California may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.