California Code of Regulations
Title 13 - Motor Vehicles
Division 3 - Air Resources Board
Chapter 15 - Additional Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Requirements
Article 3 - Verification Procedure, Warranty, and in-Use Compliance Requirements for Retrofits to Control Emissions from Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines
Section 2783 - Emissions Reduction Testing Requirements

Universal Citation: 13 CA Code of Regs 2783

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 38, September 20, 2024

(a) Emission Control Group. The applicant must identify the emission control group and test the LSI retrofit emission control system on representative engines from that emission control group. The applicant must identify the test engines, and equipment if applicable, by providing the engine family name, if available, make, model, and model year. The applicant must also describe equipment applications on which the LSI retrofit emission control system is intended to be used, by giving examples of in-use equipment, characterizing typical duty cycles, indicating any fuel requirements, and/or providing other application-related information.

(b) Engine Pre-conditioning. All testing should be performed with the test engine in a proper state of maintenance. The applicant may tune-up or rebuild the test engine prior to, but not after, baseline testing, unless rebuilding the engine is a part of the requirements for installation of the LSI retrofit emission control system.

(c) LSI Retrofit System Pre-conditioning. The engine or equipment installed with an LSI retrofit emission control system must be operated for a break-in period of between 25 and 100 hours before emission testing.

(d) Test Fuel.

(1) The test fuel used shall be consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium- Duty Vehicles," as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). If the engine is tested using the U.S. EPA test fuel, as outlined in 40 CFR Part 1065, the manufacturer shall demonstrate that the emission results are consistent with these Test Procedures.

(2) Gasoline-fueled, large spark-ignition engines that are tested during the 2013-2019 calendar years have the option of using the test fuel referenced in section 2783(d)(3) for demonstrating exhaust emission compliance with the requirements of this section.

(3) Gasoline-fueled, large spark-ignition engines that are tested during 2020 and later calendar years must be exhaust emission tested using a test fuel that is consistent with the fuel specifications as outlined in title 13, section 1961.2; and, the "California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," adopted March 22, 2012, which is incorporated by reference herein. The test fuel specifications should remain consistent from batch to batch. Optionally, manufacturers may use other renewable fuel blends under this paragraph that have been certified by CARB as yielding test results equivalent, or more stringent than, those resulting from the fuel specified by 13 CCR 1961.2, and which are appropriate for the certification of large spark-ignition engines.

(4) During all engine tests, the engine shall employ lubricating oil consistent with the engine manufacturer's specifications for that particular engine. These specifications shall be recorded and declared in the verification application.

(e) Test Cycle.

(1) Systems verified prior to 2007. Any LSI retrofit emission control system verified before January 1, 2007 must be tested using the steady-state test procedure (C2) set forth in the, "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2001 through 2006 Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines" as incorporated by reference in section 2433(c), or the U.S. EPA transient test procedure as set forth in 40 CFR Part 1048, Subpart F, as adopted July 13, 2005. For off-road engines used in constant-speed operation, the applicant must use the steady-state test procedure (D2) set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2001 through 2006 Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines" as incorporated by reference in section 2433(c), or the U.S. EPA transient test cycle as outlined in 40 CFR Part 1048, Subpart F, as adopted July 13, 2005. The required test cycles are summarized in Table 2, below.

Table 2. Test Cycles for Emissions Reduction Testing

Test Type	LSI Retrofit System Verification Date	Off-Road (including portable engines)	Off-Road (constant-speed operation)
Engine	Pre-2007	Steady-state test cycle (C2) from CARB off-road regulations or U.S. EPA transient test cycle	Steady-state test cycle (D2) from CARB off-road Regulations or U.S. EPA transient test cycle
Engine	2007 and later	U.S. EPA transient test cycle	U.S. EPA transient test cycle

(2) Systems verified in 2007 or later. Any LSI retrofit emission control system verified on or after January 1, 2007, must be tested using the U.S. EPA transient test procedure as set forth in 40 CFR Part 1048, Subpart F, as adopted July 13, 2005.

(f) Alternative Test Cycles and Methods. The applicant may request the Executive Officer to approve an alternative test cycle or method in place of a required test cycle or method. In reviewing this request, the Executive Officer may consider all relevant information including, but not limited to, the following:

(1) Similarity of characteristics to the specified test cycle or method and in-use duty cycle.

(2) Body of existing test data generated using the alternative test cycle or method.

(3) Technological necessity.

(4) Technical ability to conduct the required test.

(g) Test runs to Verify HC, NOx, and CO Emissions Reductions. A minimum of three hot-start tests for the test cycle selected from Table 2, or an Executive Officer-approved alternative test cycle, must be run for baseline and control configurations.

(h) Results. For all valid emission tests used to support emissions reduction claims, the applicant must report emissions of total hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in grams/brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr).

(i) Incomplete and Aborted Tests. The applicant must identify all incomplete and aborted tests and explain why those tests were incomplete or aborted.

(j) Additional Analyses. The Executive Officer may require the applicant to perform additional analyses if there is reason to believe that the use of an LSI retrofit emission control system may result in the increase of toxic air contaminants, or other harmful compounds.

(1) In its determination, the Executive Officer may consider all relevant data, including but not limited to the following:

(A) The addition of any substance to the fuel, intake air, or exhaust stream.

(B) Whether a catalytic reaction is known or reasonably suspected to increase toxic air contaminants or ozone precursors.

(D) Field experience.

(E) Any additional data.

(2) The Executive Officer will determine appropriate test methods for additional analyses in consultation with the applicant.

(k) Quality Control of Test Data. The applicant must provide information on the test facility, test procedure, and equipment used in the emission testing, including evidence establishing that the test equipment used meets the specifications and calibrations given in 40 CFR Part 1065.

(l) Testing or inspection. The Executive Officer may, with respect to any verified LSI retrofit emission control system sold, leased, offered for sale, or manufactured for sale in California, order the applicant to make available for testing and/or inspection a reasonable number of LSI retrofit emission control systems, and may direct that they be delivered at the applicant's expense to the California Air Resources Board at the Southern California Headquarters, Mary D. Nichols Campus, 4001 Iowa Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507 or where specified by the Executive Officer. The Executive Officer may also, with respect to any verified LSI retrofit emission control system being sold, leased, offered for sale, or manufactured for sale in California, have an applicant test and/or inspect a reasonable number of units at the applicant or manufacturer's facility or at any test laboratory under the supervision of the Executive Officer.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 39600, 39601, 39650- 39675, 40000, 43000, 43000.5, 43011, 43013, 43018, 43105, 43600 and 43700, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204, 43205 and 43205.5, Health and Safety Code.

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