Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 38, September 20, 2024
(a) Purpose.
The purpose of this regulation is to establish requirements
for engine manufacturer diagnostic systems (EMD systems) that are designed and
installed by engine manufacturers on 2007 and subsequent model-year engines
certified for sale in heavy-duty vehicles in California. The EMD systems,
through the use of a computer(s), shall monitor emission systems in-use for the
actual life of the engine and shall be capable of detecting malfunctions of the
monitored emission systems, illuminating a malfunction indicator light (MIL) to
notify the vehicle operator of detected malfunctions, and storing diagnosis
information regarding the detected malfunctions.
(b) Applicability.
Except as specified elsewhere in this regulation (title 13,
CCR section
1971), all 2007 and subsequent
model-year gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled on-road heavy-duty engines shall
be equipped with an EMD system and shall meet all applicable requirements of
this regulation. [FN1]
(c)
Definitions.
(1) "Actual life" refers to the
entire period that an engine is operated on public roads in California up to
the time an engine is retired from use.
(2) "Deactivate" means to turn-off, shutdown,
desensitize, or otherwise make inoperable through software programming or other
means during the actual life of the engine.
(3) "Engine" for the purpose of this
regulation means on-road heavy-duty engine.
(4) "Engine manufacturer" is the holder of
the Executive Order for the engine family.
(5) "Functional check" for an output
component or system means verification of proper response of the component and
system to a computer command.
(6)
"Heavy-duty vehicle" means any motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight
rating greater than 14,000 pounds.
(7) "Key on, engine off position" refers to a
vehicle with the ignition key in the engine run position (not engine crank or
accessory position) but with the engine not running.
(8) "Malfunction" means any deterioration or
failure of a component that causes the performance to be outside of the
applicable limits in section (e).
(9) "On-road heavy-duty engine" means an
engine and related aftertreatment components certified to the requirements of
title 13, CCR sections
1956.1 or
1956.8.
(10) "Rationality fault diagnostic" for an
input component means verification of the accuracy of the input signal while in
the range of normal operation and when compared to all other available
information.
(d) General
Requirements.
(1) The EMD System.
(A) If a malfunction is present as specified
in section (e), the EMD system shall detect the malfunction.
(B) The EMD system shall provide diagnostic
information to service and repair technicians to identify detected
malfunctions.
(C) The EMD system
shall be designed to operate, without any required scheduled maintenance, for
the actual life of the engine in which it is installed and may not be
programmed or otherwise designed to deactivate based on age and/or mileage of
the vehicle during the actual life of the engine. This section is not intended
to alter existing law and enforcement practice regarding an engine
manufacturer's liability for an engine beyond its useful life, except where an
engine has been programmed or otherwise designed so that an EMD system
deactivates based on age and/or mileage of the engine.
(2) MIL Requirements.
(A) MIL Specifications.
1. The MIL shall be of sufficient
illumination and location to be readily visible under all lighting conditions.
The MIL, when illuminated, shall display a phrase or icon determined by the
engine manufacturer to be likely to cause the vehicle operator to seek
corrective action. In lieu of a dedicated MIL, engine manufacturers may utilize
an existing warning light(s) to also satisfy the requirements of the
MIL.
2. The MIL shall illuminate in
the key on, engine off position before engine cranking to indicate that the MIL
is functional. This functional check of the MIL is not required during vehicle
operation in the key on, engine off position subsequent to the initial engine
cranking of an ignition cycle (e.g., due to an engine stall or other
non-commanded engine shutoff).
(B) Illuminating the MIL.
Once a malfunction has been detected, the EMD system shall
illuminate the MIL in accordance with the engine manufacturer's existing
practices for notifying vehicle operators and service
technicians.
(C)
Extinguishing the MIL.
Once the MIL has been illuminated, it may be extinguished
upon the EMD system determining that the malfunction is no longer present
provided no other malfunction has been detected that would independently
illuminate the MIL according to the requirements outlined
above.
(3)
Monitoring Conditions.
Engine manufacturers shall define monitoring conditions for
detecting malfunctions identified in section (e) and for determining if
malfunctions no longer exist.
(e) Monitoring Requirements.
(1) Fuel System Monitoring.
(A) Requirement: The EMD system shall monitor
the fuel delivery system.
(B)
Malfunction Criteria: If the engine is equipped with feedback control of the
fuel pressure, the EMD system shall detect a malfunction of the fuel system
when the feedback control system has used up all of the adjustment allowed by
the engine manufacturer and cannot achieve the desired fuel
pressure.
(2) Exhaust Gas
Recirculation (EGR) System Monitoring.
(A)
Requirement: The EMD system shall monitor the EGR system on engines
so-equipped.
(B) Malfunction
Criteria:
1. Low Flow: The EMD system shall
detect a malfunction of the EGR system when the system has reached its control
limits such that it cannot increase EGR flow to achieve the commanded flow
rate.
2. High Flow: The EMD system
shall detect a malfunction of the EGR system when the system has reached its
control limits such that it cannot reduce EGR flow to achieve the commanded
flow rate.
(3)
Particulate Matter (PM) Trap Monitoring.
(A)
Requirement: The EMD system shall monitor the PM trap on engines
so-equipped.
(B) Malfunction
Criteria:
1. Excessive Backpressure: The EMD
system shall detect a malfunction when the PM trap fails to regenerate, clogs,
or otherwise malfunctions such that it causes the backpressure in the exhaust
system to exceed the engine manufacturer's specified limits for
operation.
2. Missing substrate:
The EMD system shall detect a malfunction if either the PM trap substrate is
completely destroyed, removed, or missing, or if the PM trap assembly is
replaced with a straight pipe.
(4) Emission-Related Electronic Component
Monitoring.
(A) Requirement: The EMD system
shall monitor for malfunction of any electronic component/system that either
provides input to (directly or indirectly) or receives commands from the
on-board computer(s), and:
(1) is defined by
the engine manufacturer as emission-related, or
(2) is used as part of the diagnostic
strategy for any other emission-related monitored system or
component.
(B)
Malfunction Criteria:
1. Input Components:
Where determined by the engine manufacturer to be feasible given existing
hardware and software, the EMD system shall detect malfunctions of input
components caused by a lack of circuit continuity, out-of-range values, and
rationality faults.
2. Output
Components/Systems: Where determined by the engine manufacturer to be feasible
given existing hardware and software, the EMD system shall detect a malfunction
of an output component/system when proper functional response of the component
and system to computer commands does not occur or when a lack of circuit
continuity or circuit fault occurs (e.g., short to ground or high
voltage).
(f) Certification. The Executive Officer
shall grant certification for the EMD system upon the engine manufacturer
submitting the following certification information:
(1) A description of the functional operation
of the EMD system.
(2) A listing of
all electronic engine input and output signals (including those not monitored
by the EMD system) that identifies which signals are monitored by the EMD
system.
(g) Deficiencies.
The Executive Officer may certify EMD systems installed on engines even though
the systems do not comply with one or more of the requirements of title 13, CCR
section 1971. In granting the
certification, the Executive Officer shall consider the following factors: the
extent to which the requirements of section
1971 are satisfied overall based
on a review of the engine applications in question, the relative performance of
the resultant EMD system compared to systems fully compliant with the
requirements of section
1971, and a demonstrated
good-faith effort on the part of the engine manufacturer to:
(1) meet the requirements in full by
evaluating and considering the best available monitoring technology;
and
(2) come into compliance as
expeditiously as possible. Engine manufacturers shall not be subject to
limitations on the number of granted deficiencies nor subject to fines for
granted deficiencies.[FN1]
Unless otherwise noted, all section references refer to
section of title 131971 of title 13,
CCR.
1. New
section filed 12-27-2004; operative 1-26-2005 (Register 2004, No.
53).
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43000.5,
43013, 43018, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code. Reference:
Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39018, 39021.5, 39024, 39024.5, 39027, 39027.3,
39028, 39029, 39031, 39032, 39032.5, 39033, 39035, 39037.05, 39037.5, 39038,
39039, 39040, 39042, 39042.5, 39046, 39047, 39053, 39054, 39058, 39059, 39060,
39515, 39600, 39601, 43000, 43000.5, 43004, 43006, 43013, 43016, 43018, 43100,
43101, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43105.5, 43106, 43150, 43151, 43152, 43153, 43154,
43155, 43156, 43204, 43211 and 43212, Health and Safety
Code.
