Current through Register Vol. 49, No. 9, September, 2024
CHAPTER
FIVE
DELEGATION
A.
PURPOSE
Registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and licensed
psychiatric technician nurses, within the parameters of their education and
experience, are responsible for all nursing care that a client receives under
their direction. Assessment of the nursing needs of a client, the plan of
nursing actions, implementation of the plan, and evaluation of the plan, under
the direction of a registered professional nurse, are essential components of
nursing practice. Unlicensed personnel may be used to complement the licensed
nurse in the performance of nursing functions; but such personnel cannot be
used as a substitute for the licensed nurse.
Delegation by registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and
licensed psychiatric technician nurses must fall within the definitions of
Arkansas Code Annotated []
17-87-102.
Delegation must occur within the framework of the job description of the
delegatee and organizational policies and procedures, and must be in compliance
with the Arkansas Nurse Practice Act. The following sections
govern the licensed nurse in delegating and supervising nursing tasks to
unlicensed personnel in all settings.
B.
CRITERIA FOR DELEGATION
1. Delegation of nursing tasks to unlicensed
persons shall comply with the following requirements:
a. A licensed nurse delegating the task is
responsible for the nursing care given to the client and for the final decision
regarding which nursing tasks can be safely delegated.
b. A licensed nurse must make an assessment
of the client's nursing care needs prior to delegating the nursing task. (Ref.
Section C. for exceptions.)
c. The
nursing task must be one that a reasonable and prudent licensed nurse would
assess to be appropriately delegated; would not require the unlicensed person
to exercise nursing assessment, judgment, evaluation or teaching skill; and
that can be properly and safely performed by the unlicensed person involved
without jeopardizing the client's welfare.
d. A licensed nurse shall have written
procedures available for the proper performance of each task and shall have
documentation of the competency of the unlicensed person to whom the task is to
be delegated.
e. The delegating
licensed nurse shall be readily available either in person or by
telecommunication.
f. The licensed
nurse shall be responsible for documentation of delegated tasks.
g. Unlicensed nursing students may work only
as unlicensed nursing personnel. They may not represent themselves, or
practice, as nursing students except as part of a scheduled clinical learning
activity in the curriculum of a Board approved nursing program.
h. The licensed nurse shall adequately
supervise the performance of delegated nursing tasks in accordance with the
requirements of supervision which follow.
2. Supervision: The degree of supervision
required shall be determined by the licensed nurse after an evaluation of
appropriate factors involved, including, but not limited to, the following:
a. The stability of the condition of the
client;
b. The training and
capability of the unlicensed person to whom the nursing task is
delegated;
c. The nature of the
nursing task being delegated; and
d. The proximity and availability of a
licensed nurse to the unlicensed person when performing the nursing
task.
C.
SPECIFIC NURSING TASKS WHICH MAY BE DELEGATED WITHOUT PRIOR NURSING
ASSESSMENT
By way of example, and not in limitation, the following nursing
tasks are ones that are within the scope of sound nursing practice to be
delegated, provided the delegation is in compliance with ACA []
17-87-102
and the level of supervision required is determined by the nurse.
1. Noninvasive and non-sterile treatments
unless otherwise prohibited by Section D. of this Chapter (relating to nursing
tasks that may not be routinely delegated);
2. The collecting, reporting, and
documentation of data including, but not limited to:
a. Vital signs, height, weight, intake and
output, urine test, and hematest results;
b. Changes from baseline data established by
the nurse;
c. Environmental and
safety situations;
d. Client or
family comments relating to the client's care; and
e. Behaviors related to the plan of
care;
3. Ambulation,
positioning, and turning;
4.
Transportation of the client within a facility;
5. Personal hygiene;
6. Feeding, cutting up of food, or placing of
meal trays;
7. Socialization
activities;
8. Activities of daily
living; and
9. Reinforcement of
health teaching planned and/or provided by the registered nurse.
D.
NURSING TASKS THAT MAY
NOT BE ROUTINELY DELEGATED
1. Nursing
tasks not included in Section C. are not usually within the scope of sound
nursing judgment to delegate and may be delegated only in accordance with
subsection 2. of this section.
2.
The nursing tasks of this section may be delegated to an unlicensed person
only:
a. Under circumstances where a
reasonable and prudent licensed nurse would find that the delegation does not
jeopardize the client's safety and/or welfare;
b. If, in the judgment of the licensed nurse,
the unlicensed person has the appropriate knowledge and skills to perform the
nursing task(s) in a safe and effective manner;
c. If the licensed nurse delegating the task
is directly responsible for the nursing care given to the client;
d. If the agency, facility, or institution,
employing unlicensed personnel, follows a current protocol for the instruction
and training of unlicensed personnel performing nursing tasks under this
subsection; and that said protocol is developed by and taught under the
supervision of registered nurses currently employed in the facility, and
includes:
(1) The manner in which the
instruction addresses the complexity of the delegated task;
(2) The manner in which the unlicensed person
demonstrates competency of the delegated task;
(3) The mechanism for reevaluation of the
competency; and
(4) An established
mechanism for identifying those individuals to whom nursing tasks under this
subsection may be delegated; and
e. If the protocol recognizes that the final
decision as to what nursing tasks can be safely delegated in any specific
situation is within the specific scope of the nurse's professional
judgment.
E.
NURSING TASKS THAT SHALL NOT BE DELEGATED
By way of example, and not in limitation, the following are
nursing tasks that are not within the scope of sound nursing judgment to
delegate:
1. Physical, psychological,
and social assessment which requires nursing judgment, intervention, referral,
or follow-up;
2. Formulation of the
plan of nursing care and evaluation of the client's response to the care
rendered;
3. Specific tasks
involved in the implementation of the plan of care which require nursing
judgment or intervention;
4. The
responsibility and accountability for client health teaching and health
counseling which promotes client education and involves the client's
significant others in accomplishing health goals; and
5. Administration of any medications or
intravenous therapy, including blood or blood products except as allowed by
ASBN Rules Chapter 8 for Medication Assistant-Certified and by ASBN School
Nurse Roles and Responsibilities Practice Guidelines.
6. Receiving or transmitting verbal or
telephone orders;
7. Registered
nurse practitioners and advanced practice nurses shall not delegate to
unlicensed ancillary staff the calling in of prescriptions to the
pharmacy.
F.
TRANSFERENCE OF DELEGATED NURSING TASKS
It is the responsibility of the licensed nurse to assess each
client prior to delegation of a nursing task and determine that the unlicensed
person has the competence to perform the nursing task in that client's
situation.
1. The licensed nurse shall
not transfer delegated tasks to other clients under the care of the unlicensed
person.
2. In delegating personal
care, a licensed nurse is not required to assess each client; but must
periodically assess the competence of the caregiver in those
activities.
G.
EXCLUSIONS
These sections shall not be construed to apply to:
1. The gratuitous nursing care of the sick by
family or friends;
2. The
furnishing of nursing care where treatment is by prayer or spiritual means
alone;
3. Acts done by persons
licensed by any board or agency of the State of Arkansas if such acts are
authorized by such licensing statutes;
4. Nursing tasks performed by nursing
students enrolled in Board approved nursing programs while practicing under the
direct supervision of qualified faculty or preceptors;
5. The instruction and/or supervision of
licensed nurses by registered professional nurses in the proper performance of
tasks as a part of a state approved training/education course designed to
prepare persons to obtain certification;
6. Nursing tasks performed by
paramedic/emergency medical technician students enrolled in State approved
programs while practicing under the direct supervision of qualified faculty or
preceptors;
7. The performance in
the school setting of nursing procedures necessary for students to achieve
activities of daily living as cited in the Education of the Handicapped Act, 20 United States Code 1400-1485, and which are routinely performed by the student
or the student's family in the home setting.
8. The acts of unlicensed persons responding
to an emergency. This exclusion shall not be construed as permitting licensed
nurses to delegate routinely to unlicensed persons.
9. Health maintenance activities performed by
a designated care aide in the home as defined in the Consumer Directed Care Act
of 2005, ACA §
17-87-103(11).
10. The drawing and measuring of glucagon or
insulin by a trained employee of a city or county detention center as defined
in ACA
17-87-103(14).
11. The administration of an emergency dose
of medication to a public school student who is diagnosed with an adrenal
insufficiency by trained volunteer public school personnel.
H.
CONSUMER DIRECTED
CARE1. Health maintenance activities
may be provided by a designated care aide for a competent adult at the
direction of the adult or for a minor child or incompetent adult at the
direction of a caretaker.
2.
Caretaker means a person who is directly and personally involved in providing
care for a minor child or incompetent adult, and the parent, foster parent,
family member, friend, or legal guardian of the minor child or incompetent
adult receiving care.
3. Designated
care aide means the person hired by the competent adult or caretaker to provide
care for the competent adult, minor child, or incompetent adult.
4. Health maintenance activities mean
activities that the minor child or adult is unable to perform for himself or
herself.
5. The attending
physician, advanced practice nurse, or registered nurse must determine a
designated care aide under the direction of a competent adult or caretaker can
safely perform the activity in the minor child's or adult's home.
6. Home shall not include nursing home,
assisted living facility, residential care facility, an intermediate care
facility, or hospice care facility.
7. Health maintenance activities that are not
exempted by the Consumer Directed Care Act of 2005 include:
a. Physical, psychological, and social
assessment which requires nursing judgment, intervention, referral, or
follow-up;
b. Formulation of the
plan of nursing care and evaluation of the client's response to the care
rendered;
c. Tasks that require
nursing judgment or intervention;
d. Teaching and health counseling;
e. Administration of any injectable
medications (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous,
intraosseous, or any other form of injection) or intravenous therapy.
f. Receiving or transmitting verbal or
telephone orders.
8. The
designated care aide must demonstrate the ability to safely perform the health
maintenance activity.