Arkansas Administrative Code
Agency 005 - DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Division 15 - Division of Learning Services
Rule 005.15.07-003 - ADE 253: Guidelines for the Development, Review and Revision of School District Student Discipline and School Safety Policies
Current through Register Vol. 49, No. 9, September, 2024
1.00 Title
2.00 Authority
3.00 Purpose
4.00 Development, Review and Revision of Policies
5.00 Persons Participating In Policy Development, Review and Revision
6.00 Policy Content
COMMENTARY: Act 567 of 1995 requires expulsion for a period of not less than one year for possession of any firearm or other weapon prohibited upon the school campus by law; however, the superintendent shall have discretion to modify such expulsion requirement for a student on a case-case-basis.
COMMENTARY: Recipients of federal grant funds distributed through the Arkansas Department of Education must ensure a drug free workplace. District policies should be consistent with this guarantee.
COMMENTARY: Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-502(b) (2) (D) (Repl.1993) prohibits the possession by students of pagers or beepers on school campuses except when they are required for health or another compelling reason.
COMMENTARY: Notice in writing of the district's discipline policies, specific enough to put students on notice of proscribed behavior, is a necessary component of due process. Failure to adequately provide notice may render a policy unenforceable in a specific instance.
COMMENTARY: Due process is at a minimum, (1) notice of charge; (2) opportunity for denial; (3) evidence against him/her (if denies) (4) opportunity to tell his/her side; (5) decision, and timely notice and an opportunity for a fair hearing. The degree of due process required is directly proportional to the degree of loss to the student. Any penalty which effectively denies a student's education will require the greatest degree of due process. This means notice in writing at a time sufficient for the student to prepare for a full hearing before the local school board.
COMMENTARY: Each school district's attendance policy must state a certain number of unexcused absences, which the district considers excessive. Excessive absences may be used as a basis for denial of course credit, promotion or graduation by law although the Department of Education does not recommend this and urges districts to devise ways in which students can regain credits lost through nonattendance. Excessive absences may not be used as a basis for expulsion or dismissal of a student. State law requires that students who miss school because of illness, accident, or other unavoidable reasons should be given assistance in obtaining credit for their courses. Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-222 (Repl. 1993), as amended by Act 572 of 1995.
Districts should ensure that any student who a run afoul of the district's attendance policy because of illness or health problems has been evaluated Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974.
All children, ages 5 through 17 on October 1, must attend school unless an appropriate exception applies under Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-201 (Repl. 1993). All children admitted to the public schools must show proof of age by either a birth certificate, a statement by the local registrar or a county recorder certifying the child's date of birth, an attested baptismal certificate, a passport, an affidavit of the date and place of birth by the child's parent or guardian or previous school records. Each Child shall either furnish his social security number or request the district to assign him a nine digit number. Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-208 (Repl. 1993).
Prior to a child's admission to an Arkansas public school, the parent, guardian, or other responsible person shall indicate on school registration forms whether the child has been expelled from school in any other school district or is a party to an expulsion proceeding. Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-208 (Repl. 1993), as amended by Act 574 of 1995.
A copy of the school district's attendance policy should be provided to the student's parents, guardians or persons in loco parentis at the beginning of the school year. Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-222.
Whenever a student exceeds the number unexcused absences provided for in the district's attendance policy, the district shall notify the prosecuting authority. Ark Code Ann. 6-18-222.
Each local school district must notify the Department of Finance and Administration whenever a student 14 years or older is no longer in school. Ark. Code Ann. 65-18-222, as amended by Act 572 of 1995.
COMMENTARY: School districts should formulate crisis intervention plans for the following situations: fire, tornado, earthquake, death, suicide, and intruder(s) on the school campus. These plans should name a coordinator, consider demographics and designate a response team.
Each school board shall adopt rules and regulations in the form of a written student publications policy developed in conjunction with the student publication advisor (s) and the appropriate school administrator (s), which shall include reasonable provision for the time, place, and manner of distributing student publications.
COMMENTARY: Act 1109 of 1995 allows students to exercise their right of expression within the district's regulations regardless of whether such publications are supported financially by the school or by use of school facilities or are produced in conjunction with a class. However, the following publications are not authorized:
Publications that are a product of the school curriculum should have printed in the published material a statement like: "This publication is published as a part of the curriculum and is a non-public forum under the supervision of the District Board of Directors."
COMMENTARY: Districts may adopt rules regarding personal appearance and grooming if they are required to prevent disruption or interference in the educational process and if such rules do not reflect mere taste or fashion. See Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. Comm, School Dist. 393 U.S. 503 (1969)
COMMENTARY: No state or federal law prohibits student organizations at the elementary or secondary level. Students have the right to join an existing club and should not be restricted from membership on the basis of race, sex, national origin or other arbitrary criteria.
School fraternities and secret societies are banned in Arkansas public schools. See Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-603 (Repl. 1993). (This could be a good "gang" related policy.)
COMMENTARY: School personnel may legally search lock
A search of a student's person should be limited to a situation in which the administration has reasonable suspicion that the search would produce evidence indicating that the student has violated the law or school rules.
School districts are encouraged to develop written guidelines indicating how personal searches of students will be conducted. These written guidelines should be given to students and parents prior to each school year. The following minimum guidelines should be incorporated into a district's search policy:
COMMENTARY: School districts have broad authority to control student conduct and adopt all rules reasonably necessary to maintain proper discipline among their students. Each district should define both permissible and impermissible conduct and describe appropriate punishment for impermissible conduct. These definitions should be distributed to district personnel, students and parents at the beginning of the school year.
Each school district should clearly define all possible administrative responses to impermissible student behavior. In drafting these guidelines, districts should remember that every student is entitled to due process in every instance of response. However, the amount of due process to which the student is entitled is directly proportional to the nature of the student's right, which is affected. The following categories represent disciplinary actions by the administration for which a student is entitled to due process and, roughly speaking, what kind of due process is required.
See Ark. Code Ann. 6-18-503 (Repl. 1993), as amended by Act 333 of 1995. The following guidelines are recommended:
Schools may remove any student with disabilities for a disciplinary infraction for up to ten (10) school days per offense during the same school year as long as those removals do not constitute a change of placement. During a period of short-term exclusion, schools are not required to provide any educational services to the student until such time as the student has been suspended or removed for a total of more than ten (10) school days in the same school year.
A district is only required to provide services during periods of removal to a child with a disability who has been removed from his or her current placement for ten (10) school days or less in that school year, if it provides services to a child without disabilities who is similarly removed in accordance with provisions of the IDEA.
The conduct must be determined to be a manifestation of the child's disability if the district, parent and relevant members of the child's IEP Team determine the condition described above was met. If so, the district must take immediate steps to remedy those deficiencies. If the district, the parent and relevant members of the IEP Team make the determination that the conduct was a manifestation of the child's disability, the IEP Team must either conduct a functional behavioral assessment, and implement a behavioral intervention plan for the child; or if a behavioral intervention plan has already been developed, review the behavioral intervention plan, and modify it in accordance with the provisions of the IDEA.
COMMENTARY: It should be noted that, pending the resolution of the due process hearing or other appeal, a court could enjoin the suspension or expulsion and direct the school district to reinstate the student if the court determines that the school district knew or reasonably should have known that the student is a student in need of special education.
COMMENTARY: IDEA does not specify the particular setting in which continued educational services must be provided to these students. During the period of disciplinary exclusion from school, each disabled student must continue to be offered a program of appropriate educational services that is individually designed to meet his/her unique learning needs. Such services may be provided in the home, in an alternative school, or in another setting.
Special Provisions of IDEA applicable to students with disabilities who bring a "weapon" to school as defined in federal and state statutes [The Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA), enacted as Title XIV (Part F) of Title I of the Improving America's Schools Act, and Arkansas Act 567 of 1995 (Arkansas Code Annotated 6-15-502)]
COMMENTARY: The Gun-Free Schools Act (GFSA) applies to students with disabilities. However, this Act must be implemented consistent with IDEA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Federal statutes define "weapon" to mean "firearm." State statute addresses possession by students of any "firearm or other weapon" prohibited upon the school campus by law or by policies adopted by the school board. Consistent with the requirements of the GFSA, Arkansas Act 567 of 1995 (Arkansas Code Annotated 6-15-502) requires that local educational agencies (school districts) expel from school for not less than one year a student who brings a weapon to school, except that the local educational agency's chief administering officer may modify the expulsion requirement for a student on a case-by-case basis. Compliance with the GFSA can be achieved consistent with the requirements that apply to students with disabilities as long as the discipline of such students is determined on a case-by-case basis in accordance with IDEA and Section 504.
COMMENTARY: In summary, a student with a disability who brings a weapon to school may be removed from school for 10 school days or less, and placed in an interim alternative educational setting by the IEP committee for up to 45 school days. However, if the parents initiate an expedited due process proceeding, the student must remain in the interim alternative placement during these authorized review proceedings - which may exceed 45 school days -unless the parents and school district can agree on a different placement. In addition, school districts may initiate change in placement procedures for such a student, subject to the parents' right to due process. A school district also could seek a court order if the school district believes that the student's continued presence in the classroom is substantially likely to result in injury to the student or to others.