Disclosures of Return Information Reflected on Returns to Officers and Employees of the Department of Commerce, Including the Bureau of the Census, for Certain Statistical Purposes and Related Activities, 93172-93179 [2024-27072]

Agencies

• Internal Revenue Service
• DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 228 (Tuesday, November 26, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 93172-93179]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-27072]



[[Page 93172]]

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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 301

[TD 10013]
RIN 1545-BQ74


Disclosures of Return Information Reflected on Returns to 
Officers and Employees of the Department of Commerce, Including the 
Bureau of the Census, for Certain Statistical Purposes and Related 
Activities

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Final regulations.

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SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations that amend existing 
regulations relating to the disclosure of specified return information 
to the Bureau of the Census (Bureau). The final regulations ensure the 
efficient and appropriate transfer of return information to the Bureau 
and permit the disclosure of additional return information pursuant to 
a request from the Secretary of Commerce. These regulations require no 
action by taxpayers and have no effect on their tax liabilities.

DATES: 
    Effective date: These final regulations are effective on November 
26, 2024.
    Applicability date: For the date of applicability, see Sec.  
301.6103(j)(1)-1.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth Erickson of the Office of 
the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration), at (202) 
317-6834; (not a toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Authority

    This document amends the Procedure and Administration Regulations, 
26 CFR part 301, relating to section 6103(j)(1)(A) of the Internal 
Revenue Code (Code), by adding final regulations under section 6103 
(final regulations). Section 6103(j)(1) provides an express delegation 
of authority to the Secretary of the Treasury or her delegate 
(Secretary), stating that, ``[u]pon request in writing by the Secretary 
of Commerce, the Secretary shall furnish . . . such returns, or return 
information reflected thereon, to officers and employees of the Bureau 
of the Census'' and ``such return information reflected on returns of 
corporations to officers and employees of the Bureau of Economic 
Analysis'' ``as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation for the 
purpose of, but only to the extent necessary in, the structuring of 
censuses and national economic accounts and conducting related 
statistical activities authorized by law.'' Section 6103(q) further 
authorizes the Secretary to ``prescribe such other regulations as are 
necessary to carry out the provisions of'' section 6103. The final 
regulations are also issued under the express delegation of authority 
under section 7805(a) of the Code.

Background

    There is a long history of providing return information to the 
Bureau under section 6103(j)(1)(A), and the regulations promulgated 
under this section have been amended periodically to increase the 
amount of return information provided to facilitate the statistical 
activities of the Bureau. See e.g., TD 9037, 68 FR 2693, January 21, 
2003; TD 9188, 70 FR 12141, March 11, 2005; TD 9267, 71 FR 38263, July 
6, 2006; TD 9372, 72 FR 73262, December 27, 2007; TD 9439, 73 FR 79361, 
December 29, 2008; TD 9500, 75 FR 52459, August 26, 2010; TD 9631, 78 
FR 52857, August 27, 2013; TD 9754, 81 FR 9767, February 26, 2016; TD 
9856, 84 FR 14011, April 9, 2019.
    The existing regulations under section 6103(j)(1)(A) are set forth 
in 26 CFR 301.6103(j)(1)-1. They authorize the Bureau to receive return 
information that supports many different Bureau projects and programs, 
including the Economic Census, the Longitudinal Employer-Household 
Dynamics program, and the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates 
program, among others.
    Pursuant to section 6103(p)(4), the IRS sets stringent privacy and 
security requirements for agencies receiving return information, 
including the Bureau. These requirements are currently detailed in IRS 
Publication 1075, Tax Information Security Guidelines For Federal, 
State and Local Agencies. See also Sec.  301.6103(p)(4)-1.
    By letter dated February 29, 2024, the Secretary of Commerce 
requested the Secretary amend existing Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1 to 
provide for the disclosure of additional items of return information to 
the Bureau to enable the Bureau to perform mission critical statistical 
functions. The Secretary of Commerce further stated that the additional 
items would allow the Bureau to conduct its economic, demographic, 
decennial, and research statistics programs, censuses, and related 
program evaluations. The amendments to the existing regulations would 
permit the Bureau to publish statistical information, enhance the use 
of administrative records, improve the quality of program estimates, 
and support the reduction of burden. The Secretary of Commerce's letter 
lists the additional items of return information requested based on the 
Bureau's specific need for each item of information.
    On March 29, 2024, a notice of proposed rulemaking (REG-123376-22) 
was published in the Federal Register (89 FR 22101) (proposed 
regulations). The proposed regulations proposed amending the 
regulations that authorize disclosure of specified return information 
to the Bureau. The proposed regulations would allow the disclosure of 
additional items of return information requested by the Secretary of 
Commerce to enable the Bureau to perform mission critical statistical 
functions. The proposed regulations would also permit the disclosure of 
return information if an item of return information currently listed in 
the regulations is subsequently reported in a substantially similar 
format or on a substantially similar document.
    The proposed regulations would formalize existing practice to 
include (1) the requirement that all projects that use return 
information disclosed under these regulations be approved by the IRS 
Director of Statistics of Income, and (2) language related to the IRS's 
and the Bureau's disclosure review obligations.

Summary of Comments and Explanation of Revisions

    The Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) and the IRS 
received eighteen comments in response to the proposed regulations. The 
comments are available for public inspection at https://www.regulations.gov or upon request. There was no request for a public 
hearing, and none was held. After full consideration of the comments 
received, which are described in this Summary of Comments and 
Explanation of Revisions, these final regulations adopt the proposed 
regulations with minor changes.

A. Comments Supporting the Proposed Regulations

    Nine of the comments received did not seek to modify the items of 
return information permitted to be disclosed to the Bureau pursuant to 
the proposed regulations. Of these comments, six were supportive of the 
proposed regulations. One comment noted the importance of 
administrative tax data in measuring and understanding income and 
wealth in the United States. Another comment noted that the proposed 
regulations would improve the Bureau's ability to accurately estimate 
household income and otherwise evaluate and improve the

[[Page 93173]]

Bureau's statistical products. This same comment also encouraged the 
IRS and the Bureau, along with the Office of Management and Budget and 
other statistical agencies, to explore additional pathways for 
increasing the statistical agencies' access to Federal tax data, as 
well as a greater sharing of administrative data across statistical 
agencies, noting that increased use of administrative data has 
significant promise for improving statistics on U.S. households and 
businesses. Finally, this comment noted its support for further 
consideration of possible means of expanding access to tax data for 
appropriate purposes in a reliably secure and confidential way.
    Another comment supported the proposed regulations and stated that 
the data that could be disclosed as outlined in the proposed 
regulations was crucial for the IRS's efforts to advance equity. As one 
example, this comment noted that, if finalized, the proposed 
regulations would provide an important opportunity for government and 
independent researchers to understand demographic trends regarding the 
Child Tax Credit (CTC) and other refundable credits, as well as to 
identify and track potential disparities in tax administration. Another 
comment noted that the proposed changes to the existing regulations 
would enable the Bureau to produce data that provides more detail about 
the economic conditions of various populations across the United 
States, including populations that have been historically underserved, 
marginalized, and adversely affected by health inequity.
    These comments reflect support for the proposed regulations' items 
of return information permitted to be disclosed to the Bureau. The 
Treasury Department and IRS agree that disclosure of this information 
will further the needs of the Bureau by authorizing the Bureau to 
receive return information that supports many different Bureau projects 
and programs, including the Economic Census, the Longitudinal Employer-
Household Dynamics program, and the Small Area Income and Poverty 
Estimates program, among others.

B. Comments Proposing That Additional Items of Return Information Be 
Disclosed to the Bureau

    Two comments suggested that additional information on the variety 
of energy credits under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) be 
furnished to the Bureau. The IRA, Public Law 117-169, 136 Stat. 1818 
(August 16, 2022), featured a significant number of new tax provisions 
related to clean energy. Section 6103(j)(1)(A) provides that the 
Secretary ``shall furnish'' returns or return information requested by 
the Secretary of Commerce ``for the purpose of, but only to the extent 
necessary in, the structuring of the censuses and national economic 
accounts and conducting related statistical activities authorized by 
law.'' In her request to the Secretary, the Secretary of Commerce did 
not request the furnishing of the return information recommended by the 
comments. Because the Secretary of Commerce did not request that 
information, the final regulations do not adopt these comments.
    Similarly, two other comments recommended that additional data 
regarding partnership returns be furnished to the Bureau--specifically, 
the zip code of partners included on Form 1065, U.S. Return of 
Partnership Income, Schedule K-1. The Secretary of Commerce in her 
request to the Secretary did not request the return information 
recommended by the comments. Accordingly, the final regulations do not 
adopt these comments.
    One comment suggested that it is important for the Bureau to have 
access to the series of Forms 1099 for both filers and non-filers 
because such information is important for measuring and understanding 
income and its distribution, and that the accuracy of income estimates 
would improve. The comment in particular identified Forms 1099-INT, 
Interest Income, and 1099-DIV, Dividends and Distributions, along with 
certain data from Form 1098-T, Tuition Statement (identifiers of the 
college attended, and tuition amount). The Secretary of Commerce in her 
request to the Secretary did not request the disclosure of the Form 
1099 series in general or the Forms 1099-INT or 1099-DIV specifically. 
The proposed regulations would permit the disclosure of payments 
received for qualified tuition and related expenses as well as the 
identity of the eligible educational institution filing Form 1098-T. 
Accordingly, no change to the final regulations is necessary to adopt 
these comments.
    Two other comments requested that payer and payee taxpayer 
identification numbers (TINs) from information returns be disclosed to 
the Bureau. Payer and payee TINs may already be disclosed to the Bureau 
under the existing regulations. See Sec. Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1) 
(relating to individual taxpayers); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(2)(i) (relating 
to taxpayers engaged in a trade or business); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(3) 
(relating to business-related return information); and 301.6103(j)(1)-
1(b)(4) (relating to tax-exempt organizations). The proposed 
regulations similarly provide for the ability to disclose payer and 
payee TINs. See proposed Sec. Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i)(A) 
(relating to individual taxpayers); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(ii) 
(relating to returns filed on behalf of a trade or business); 
301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(iii) (relating to tax-exempt organizations). 
Accordingly, no change to the final regulations is necessary to adopt 
these comments.
    A comment supported the language in the proposed regulations that 
would provide the Bureau with information on health coverage (such as 
marketplace coverage parameters, and employer coverage on Forms 1095-A, 
Health Insurance Marketplace Statement, 1095-B, Health Coverage, and 
1095-C, Employer-Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage) noting 
that the information reported on these forms provides a comprehensive 
record of health coverage nationwide and fills important gaps in data. 
The comment also noted that information regarding health savings 
accounts (HSAs) from Form 5498-SA, HSA, Archer MSA, or Medicare 
Advantage MSA Information, would also be valuable to policymakers, as 
the policy considerations with respect to HSAs are a frequent and 
important focus of ongoing research. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS note that certain data from Form 5498-SA are already included in 
the information that would be permitted to be disclosed to the Bureau 
under the proposed regulations. The final regulations in this regard 
adopt the proposed regulations without modification.
    This same comment requested that the Bureau release (a) enhanced 
Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population 
Survey (CPS) data with new IRS data matched to it, and (b) detailed 
cross tabulations of newly released tax data by income, geographic 
area, filing type, and other available tax return statistics. In 
addition, this comment also encouraged the IRS to continue to carefully 
evaluate technical and policy solutions for safely sharing the various 
blended data and implement data governance principles such as 
accessibility and transparency, through the blending of IRS and Bureau 
data.
    This same comment suggested that various data elements should be 
disclosed to the Bureau to allow the Bureau to have a more accurate 
understanding of the impact of current tax benefits and the potential 
impact of modifications to these provisions. The

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suggested data elements included: tax-filing status, income from 
various sources, the number of earned income tax credit (EITC) eligible 
qualifying children, the amount of tax credits like EITC and the CTC 
that families receive, and tax liabilities. Each of these data elements 
may be disclosed either directly or indirectly under the existing 
regulations and also under the proposed regulations. See proposed 
Sec. Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i) (reflecting returns and return 
information related to individual taxpayers); 301.6103(j)(1)-
1(b)(1)(i)(B) (regarding tax-filing status); 301.6103(j)(1)-
1(b)(1)(i)(O) (regarding earned income as defined under section 
32(c)(2)); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i)(GG) (regarding the EITC); 
301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i)(P) (regarding EITC-eligible qualifying 
children); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i)(PP) (regarding the CTC). The 
overall tax liability of an individual taxpayer, which the Treasury 
Department and IRS interpret to mean the total amount of tax due or 
paid by an individual taxpayer, may be ascertained through the items of 
income, gain, deduction, and credit, that may similarly be disclosed 
under the proposed and final regulations. Accordingly, the final 
regulations adopt the proposed regulations in this respect without 
modification.

C. Comments Expressing Concerns Regarding Data Security

    One comment suggested that in its finalized form, the proposed 
regulations should state affirmatively that, in addition to IRS data 
privacy protections, data are and will remain confidential under 13 
U.S.C. 9, whether in their original form or when comingled or linked.
    The final regulations do not adopt this recommendation. The 
provision cited in the comment, 13 U.S.C. 9, governs the protection and 
use of confidential data by the Department of Commerce. Section 214 of 
title 13, United States Code governs criminal penalties against 
employees or staff members of the Bureau for prohibited disclosure of 
such confidential data. The disclosures that would be permitted by the 
proposed regulations concern disclosures made by the IRS under section 
6103(j) of Title 26, United States Code (Title 26). The proposed 
regulations, as well as these final regulations, do not govern data 
privacy or confidentiality requirements outside of Title 26. The 
Secretary of Commerce affirmed the application of 13 U.S.C. 9 and 214 
in her February 29, 2024, request to the Secretary.
    Two other comments expressed concerns that the data sharing 
contemplated by the proposed regulations would weaken the 
confidentiality of personal tax data held by the IRS, encourage the 
inappropriate release of personal tax information, and increase the 
vulnerability of individual tax return information to data breaches, 
intrusion, data theft, and abuse.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS take taxpayer confidentiality 
seriously. Section 6103(a) prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of tax 
returns and return information by officers or employees of the United 
States, which includes officers or employees of the Treasury 
Department, the IRS, the Department of Commerce, and the Bureau. 
Unauthorized disclosure of returns and return information, if willful, 
is a felony. See section 7213 of the Code. Unauthorized disclosure may 
also be punishable through civil damages. See section 7431 of the Code. 
Pursuant to section 6103(p)(4), the IRS sets stringent privacy and 
security requirements for agencies receiving return information, 
including the Bureau. See Sec.  301.6103(p)(4)-1. Proposed Sec.  
301.6103(j)(1)-1(d) did not propose to modify the requirements set 
forth in section 6103(p)(4) and, instead, noted their applicability, 
stating that if the IRS determines that the Bureau fails to satisfy 
those requirements, the IRS may take action to ensure that the 
requirements are satisfied, ``including suspension of disclosures of 
return information'' until the IRS determines that the requirements of 
section 6103(p)(4) have been, or will be, satisfied.
    No comments were received regarding proposed Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-
1(d), and accordingly, the final regulations adopt the proposed 
regulation in this respect without modification. The regulation ensures 
that disclosures of returns and return information are made consistent 
with the requirements set forth in the Code and regulations, and that 
the IRS may suspend any disclosures to the Bureau should either entity 
fail to satisfy the requirements under section 6103(p)(4).

D. Comments Expressing Concerns About the Impacts of the Use of Data 
for Certain Classes of Taxpayers

    One comment requesting that the proposed regulations be withdrawn 
expressed concerns that sharing additional tax data with the Bureau 
would result in unintended adverse consequences for immigrant 
communities. Specifically, the comment noted that additional data 
sharing could result in a ``chilling effect'' for immigrant taxpayers, 
suggesting that individuals may not file tax returns because they are 
concerned that their tax return data will be shared with immigration 
enforcement agencies. The comment also expressed a concern that the 
proposed regulations could result in the creation of a list of 
taxpayers who file returns using Individual Taxpayer Identification 
Numbers that could be used to target individuals presumed to be 
undocumented for immigration enforcement purposes. The comment noted 
that the IRS should continue to assure taxpayers that their data is 
secure and that they can safely file their taxes without being 
concerned that their information will be used for reasons beyond tax 
administration.
    As discussed previously in this Summary of Comments and Explanation 
of Revisions, return information that a taxpayer provides to the IRS 
may not be disclosed unless otherwise permitted by Title 26, and 
unauthorized disclosures of returns or return information may be 
subject to criminal and civil penalties. There is no provision in the 
United States Code that authorizes the disclosure or redisclosure of 
returns or return information for enforcement of immigration laws. 
Comments regarding other possible lawful disclosures of taxpayer 
information are outside the scope of these regulations because the 
proposed regulations relate to the disclosure of specified return 
information to the Bureau, as permitted by law, and not to any other 
agency, such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement or the U.S. 
Department of Homeland Security.
    Another comment requested that the proposed regulations be 
withdrawn because sharing such personal and entity tax data encourages 
a racial and/or gender diversity impact analysis of tax policy 
decisions. The comment further stated that such a racial or gender 
diversity impact analysis is inappropriate where no discriminatory 
intent has been demonstrated and where tax provisions have been 
introduced by Congress based on independent considerations of tax 
policy without any design or purpose to create disproportionate racial 
or gender impact. The Treasury Department and the IRS do not adopt this 
comment. As previously described in this preamble, section 6103(j) 
states that the Secretary ``shall furnish'' returns and return 
information, upon the request of the Secretary of Commerce, to the 
Bureau ``for the purpose of, but only to the extent necessary in, the 
structuring of censuses and national economic accounts and conducting 
related statistical activities authorized by law.'' These regulations 
provide for disclosure to the Bureau that is fully consistent with that 
statutory mandate.

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E. Modification To Clarify ``Taxpayer Identity Information''

    No comments were received regarding the definition of taxpayer 
identity information. Proposed Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(i)(A) is 
the first instance of where that term is used and includes the 
parenthetical ``(as defined under section 6103(b)(6) of the Code).'' 
Other references to taxpayer identity information in the proposed 
regulations lack that parenthetical descriptor. To provide consistency, 
the final regulations modify the proposed regulations to include that 
descriptor. See Sec. Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(ii)(A) (regarding 
taxpayer identity information of taxpayers engaged in a trade or 
business); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(ii)(P) (regarding taxpayer identity 
information of a parent corporation, shareholder, partner, and employer 
identity information); 301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(1)(iii)(A) (regarding 
taxpayer identity information of a tax-exempt organization); 
301.6103(j)(1)-1(b)(3)(i)(A)(1) (regarding taxpayer identity 
information reflected on returns of corporations); 301.6103(j)(1)-
1(b)(3)(i)(B)(2) (regarding taxpayer identity information from Form SS-
4, Application for Employer Identification Number).

Special Analyses

I. Regulatory Planning and Review

    Pursuant to the Memorandum of Agreement, Review of Treasury 
Regulations under Executive Order 12866 (June 9, 2023), tax regulatory 
actions issued by the IRS are not subject to the requirements of 
section 6 of Executive Order 12866, as amended. Therefore, a regulatory 
impact assessment is not required.

II. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Because these regulations would not impose any requirements on 
small entities, the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) 
does not apply. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Internal Revenue 
Code, the notice of proposed rulemaking was submitted to the Chief 
Counsel for the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration 
for comment on its impact on small business. The Chief Counsel for the 
Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration did not provide 
any written comments.

III. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) 
requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits and take 
certain other actions before issuing a final rule that includes any 
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures in any one year by a 
State, local, or Tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private 
sector, of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for 
inflation. In 2024, that threshold was $200 million. This rule does not 
include any Federal mandate that may result in expenditures by State, 
local, or Tribal governments, or by the private sector in excess of 
that threshold.

IV. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (Federalism) prohibits an agency from 
publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule either 
imposes substantial direct compliance costs on State and local 
governments, and is not required by statute, or preempts State law, 
unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements of 
section 6 of the Executive order. These regulations do not have 
federalism implications and do not impose substantial direct compliance 
costs on State and local governments or preempt State law within the 
meaning of the Executive order.

V. Congressional Review Act

    Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), 
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs designated this rule 
as not a major rule, as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

Drafting Information

    The principal author of these regulations is Elizabeth Erickson of 
the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and 
Administration). However, other personnel from the Treasury Department 
and the IRS also participated in their development.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 301

    Employment taxes, Estate taxes, Excise taxes, Gift taxes, Income 
taxes, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 301 is amended as follows:

PART 301--PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 301 is amended by revising 
the entry for Sec.  301.6103(j)(1)-1 and removing the entry for Sec.  
301.6103(j)(1)-1T to read in part as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805.
* * * * *
    Section 301.6103(j)(1)-1 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 6103(j)(1) 
and 6103(q).
* * * * *

0
Par 2. Section 301.6103(j)(1)-1 is amended by adding a sentence to the 
end of paragraph (a) and revising paragraphs (b), (d), and (e) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  301.6103  (j)(1)-1 Disclosures of return information reflected on 
returns to officers and employees of the Department of Commerce for 
certain statistical purposes and related activities.

    (a) * * * To the extent a particular form, schedule, or other 
document filed with the Internal Revenue Service is referenced in this 
section, such information shall continue to be disclosable pursuant to 
this section even if subsequently reported in a substantially similar 
format or on a substantially similar document filed with the Internal 
Revenue Service.
    (b) Disclosure of return information reflected on returns to 
officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census. (1) Officers or 
employees of the Internal Revenue Service will disclose the following 
return information reflected on returns to officers and employees of 
the Bureau of the Census for purposes of, but only to the extent 
necessary in, the structuring of censuses and national economic 
accounts and conducting related statistical activities authorized by 
law.
    (i) With respect to returns filed by individual taxpayers:
    (A) Taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) 
of the Internal Revenue Code (Code)), validity code with respect to the 
taxpayer identifying number (as described in section 6109 of the Code), 
and taxpayer identity information of spouse and dependents, if 
reported.
    (B) Filing status.
    (C) Number and classification of reported exemptions.
    (D) Wage and salary income.
    (E) Dividend income.
    (F) Interest income.
    (G) Gross rent and royalty income.
    (H) Total of--
    (1) Wages, salaries, tips, etc.;
    (2) Interest income;
    (3) Dividend income;
    (4) Alimony received;
    (5) Business income;
    (6) Pensions and annuities;
    (7) Income from rents, royalties, partnerships, estates, trusts, 
etc.;
    (8) Farm income;
    (9) Unemployment compensation; and
    (10) Total Social Security benefits.
    (I) Adjusted gross income.
    (J) Type of tax return filed.
    (K) Entity code.

[[Page 93176]]

    (L) Code indicators for Form 1040, Form 1040 (Schedules A, C, D, E, 
F, and SE), and Form 8814.
    (M) Posting cycle date relative to filing.
    (N) Social Security benefits.
    (O) Earned income (as defined in section 32(c)(2) of the Code).
    (P) Number of Earned income credit-eligible qualifying children.
    (Q) Electronic filing system indicator.
    (R) Return processing indicator.
    (S) Paid preparer code.
    (T) Dependent Social Security numbers.
    (U) Total income.
    (V) Ordinary dividends.
    (W) Taxable refunds, credits, or offsets of State and local income 
taxes.
    (X) Business income or (loss).
    (Y) Capital gain or (loss).
    (Z) Other gains or (losses).
    (AA) Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) distributions.
    (BB) Taxable amount of IRA distributions.
    (CC) Pensions and annuities.
    (DD) Taxable amount of pensions and annuities.
    (EE) Rental real estate, royalties, partnerships, S corporations, 
trusts, etc.
    (FF) Farm income or (loss).
    (GG) Earned income credit.
    (HH) Taxable amount of Social Security benefits.
    (II) Other income.
    (JJ) Itemized deductions.
    (KK) Taxable income.
    (LL) Tax.
    (MM) Credit for child and dependent care expenses.
    (NN) Education credits.
    (OO) Retirement savings contributions credit.
    (PP) Child tax credit.
    (QQ) Nontaxable combat pay election.
    (RR) Additional Child Tax Credit.
    (SS) American Opportunity Tax Credit.
    (TT) Medical and dental expenses.
    (UU) State and local income taxes.
    (VV) State and local general sales taxes.
    (WW) State and local personal property taxes.
    (XX) State and local real estate taxes.
    (YY) Other taxes (amount).
    (ZZ) Home mortgage interest and points.
    (AAA) Mortgage interest not on a Form 1098.
    (BBB) Points not on a Form 1098.
    (CCC) Investment interest.
    (DDD) Total gifts to charity, including carryover from prior year.
    (EEE) Casualty and theft losses.
    (FFF) Total itemized deductions.
    (GGG) Ordinary dividends.
    (HHH) Qualified dividends.
    (III) Tax-exempt interest.
    (JJJ) Unemployment compensation.
    (KKK) From Form 1098--
    (1) Borrower taxpayer identification number;
    (2) Mortgage interest;
    (3) Outstanding mortgage principal;
    (4) Refund of overpaid interest;
    (5) Mortgage insurance premiums;
    (6) Points paid on purchase of principal residence;
    (7) Payee/payer/employee taxpayer identification number;
    (8) Payee/payer/employee name (first, middle, last, suffix);
    (9) Street address;
    (10) City;
    (11) State;
    (12) Zip code (9 digit);
    (13) Posting cycle week;
    (14) Posting cycle year; and
    (15) Document code.
    (LLL) From Form 1098-E--Student loan interest.
    (MMM) From Form 1098-T--
    (1) Payments received for qualified tuition and related expenses;
    (2) Scholarships or grants;
    (3) Check box indicating that the amount in box 1 or 2 includes 
amounts for an academic period beginning in the following year;
    (4) Check box indicating that student is at least a half-time 
student; and
    (5) Check box indicating that student is a graduate student.
    (NNN) From Form 5498--
    (1) IRA contributions (other than amounts in certain boxes);
    (2) Rollover contributions;
    (3) Roth IRA conversion amount;
    (4) Fair market value of account;
    (5) Checkboxes: IRA, Simplified Employee Pension (SEP), Savings 
Incentive Match Plan for Employees of Small Employers (SIMPLE), Roth 
IRA;
    (6) SEP contributions; and
    (7) SIMPLE contributions.
    (OOO) From Form SSA-1099/RRB-1099--
    (1) Net benefits;
    (2) Address; and
    (3) Trust fund description.
    (PPP) From Form 1099-G--Unemployment compensation.
    (QQQ) From Form 1099-K--
    (1) Filer name;
    (2) Filer address;
    (3) Filer taxpayer identification number;
    (4) Payee taxpayer identification number;
    (5) Payee name;
    (6) Payee address;
    (7) Gross payments;
    (8) Card not present transactions;
    (9) Merchant category code;
    (10) Number of payment transactions; and
    (11) Payments by month.
    (RRR) From Form 1099-MISC--Nonemployee compensation.
    (SSS) From Form 1099-NEC--Nonemployee compensation.
    (TTT) From Form 1099-Q--
    (1) Gross distribution; and
    (2) Plan type checkboxes.
    (UUU) From Form 1099-R/RRB-1099-R--
    (1) Gross distribution;
    (2) Distribution code(s); and
    (3) Plan type checkboxes.
    (VVV) From Form W-2--
    (1) Employee's Social Security number;
    (2) Employer identification number;
    (3) Employer's name, address, and Zip code;
    (4) Employee's name and address;
    (5) Social Security tips;
    (6) Medicare wages and tips;
    (7) Box 12 codes and values; and
    (8) Statutory employee, retirement plan, and third-party sick pay 
checkboxes.
    (WWW) From Form 1040, Schedule D--
    (1) Net short-term capital gain/loss; and
    (2) Net long-term capital gain/loss.
    (XXX) From Form 1040, Schedule E--
    (1) Total rental real estate and royalty income or (loss); and
    (2) Total estate and trust income or (loss).
    (YYY) From Form 1040, Schedule F--
    (1) Gross income;
    (2) Total expenses;
    (3) Net farm profit (or loss); and
    (4) Gross income (accrual).
    (ii) With respect to taxpayers filing a return on behalf of a trade 
or business--
    (A) The taxpayer name directory and entity records consisting of 
taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) of the 
Code) with respect to taxpayers engaged in a trade or business.
    (B) The principal industrial activity code.
    (C) The filing requirement code.
    (D) The employment code.
    (E) The physical location.
    (F) Monthly corrections of, and additions to, the information 
described in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(A) through (E) of this section.
    (G) From Form SS-4, all information reflected on such form.
    (H) From an employment tax return--
    (1) Taxpayer identifying number of the employer;
    (2) Total compensation reported;
    (3) Master file tax account code (MFT);
    (4) Taxable period covered by such return;
    (5) Employer code;

[[Page 93177]]

    (6) Document locator number;
    (7) Record code;
    (8) Total number of individuals employed in the taxable period 
covered by the return;
    (9) Total taxable wages paid for purposes of chapter 21 of the 
Code;
    (10) Total taxable tip income reported for purposes of chapter 21 
of the Code;
    (11) If a business has closed or stopped paying wages;
    (12) Final date a business paid wages; and
    (13) If a business is a seasonal employer and does not have to file 
a return for every quarter of the year.
    (I) From Form 1040, Schedule C--
    (1) Purchases less cost of items withdrawn for personal use;
    (2) Materials and supplies;
    (3) Gross income;
    (4) Total expenses; and
    (5) Net profit or loss.
    (J) From Form 1040 (Schedule SE)--
    (1) Taxpayer identifying number of self-employed individual;
    (2) Business activities subject to the tax imposed by chapter 21 of 
the Code;
    (3) Net earnings from farming;
    (4) Net earnings from nonfarming activities;
    (5) Total net earnings from self-employment;
    (6) Taxable self-employment income for purposes of chapter 2 of the 
Code;
    (7) Net profit and loss; and
    (8) Church employee income.
    (K) Total Social Security taxable earnings.
    (L) Quarters of Social Security coverage.
    (M) From Form 940--
    (1) State of state unemployment tax; and
    (2) Total payments to all employees.
    (N) From Form 941--
    (1) Number of employees who received wages, tips, or other 
compensation for the pay period including: March 12 (Quarter 1), June 
12 (Quarter 2), September 12 (Quarter 3), or December 12 (Quarter 4); 
and
    (2) Wages, tips, and other compensation.
    (O) From Form 943--
    (1) Agricultural employees; and
    (2) Total wages subject to Social Security tax.
    (P) Taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) 
of the Code) including parent corporation, shareholder, partner, and 
employer identity information.
    (Q) Gross income, profits, or receipts.
    (R) Returns and allowances.
    (S) Cost of labor, salaries, and wages.
    (T) Total expenses or deductions, including totals of the following 
components thereof:
    (1) Repairs (and maintenance) expense;
    (2) Rents (or lease) expense;
    (3) Taxes and licenses expense;
    (4) Interest expense, including mortgage or other interest;
    (5) Depreciation expense;
    (6) Depletion expense;
    (7) Advertising expense;
    (8) Pension and profit-sharing plans (retirement plans) expense;
    (9) Employee benefit programs expense;
    (10) Utilities expense;
    (11) Supplies expense;
    (12) Contract labor expense; and
    (13) Management (and investment advisory) fees.
    (U) Total assets.
    (V) Beginning- and end-of-year inventory.
    (W) Royalty income.
    (X) Interest income, including portfolio interest.
    (Y) Rental income, including gross rents.
    (Z) Tax-exempt interest income.
    (AA) Net gain from sales of business property.
    (BB) Other income.
    (CC) Total income.
    (DD) Percentage of stock owned by each shareholder.
    (EE) Percentage of capital ownership of each partner.
    (FF) Principal industrial activity code, including the business 
description.
    (GG) Consolidated return indicator.
    (HH) Wages, tips, and other compensation.
    (II) Social Security wages.
    (JJ) Deferred wages.
    (KK) Social Security tip income.
    (LL) Total Social Security taxable earnings.
    (MM) From Form 1099-R--Gross distributions from employer-sponsored 
and individual retirement plans.
    (NN) From Form 3921--
    (1) Date option granted;
    (2) Date option exercised;
    (3) Exercise price paid per share;
    (4) Fair market value per share on exercise date; and
    (5) Number of shares transferred.
    (OO) From Form 6765 (when filed with corporation income tax 
returns)--
    (1) Indicator that total qualified research expenses is greater 
than zero, but less than $1 million; greater than or equal to $1 
million, but less than $3 million; or, greater than or equal to $3 
million;
    (2) Cycle posted; and
    (3) Research tax credit amount to be carried over to a business 
return, schedule, or form.
    (PP) Total number of documents reported on Form 1096 transmitting 
Forms 1099--MISC.
    (QQ) Total amount reported on Form 1096 transmitting Forms 1099--
MISC.
    (RR) From Form 1125--A, purchases.
    (SS) From Form 1041--
    (1) Interest income;
    (2) Total ordinary dividends;
    (3) Total income;
    (4) Charitable deduction; and
    (5) Taxable income.
    (TT) From Form 1041, Schedule K-1--
    (1) Beneficiary identifying number;
    (2) Beneficiary name;
    (3) Interest income;
    (4) Total ordinary dividends;
    (5) Net short-term capital gain;
    (6) Net long-term capital gain;
    (7) Other portfolio and non-business income;
    (8) Ordinary business income;
    (9) Net rental and real estate income; and
    (10) Other rental income.
    (UU) From Form 1120--
    (1) Cost of goods sold;
    (2) Compensation of officers; and
    (3) Salaries and wages (less employment credits).
    (VV) From Form 1120-REIT--
    (1) Compensation of officers;
    (2) Salaries and wages (less employment credits);
    (3) Total assets;
    (4) Principal Business Activity (PBA) code; and
    (5) Type of real estate investment trust (REIT).
    (WW) From Form 1120-S--
    (1) Cost of goods sold; and
    (2) Salaries and wages (less employment credits).
    (XX) From Form 1120-S, Schedule K-1--
    (1) Ordinary business income (loss);
    (2) Net rental real estate income;
    (3) Other net rental income;
    (4) Interest income;
    (5) Total ordinary dividends;
    (6) Royalties;
    (7) Net short-term capital gain;
    (8) Net long-term capital gain;
    (9) Other income (loss); and
    (10) Current year allocation percentage.
    (YY) From Form 1065--
    (1) Gross receipts or sales less returns and allowances;
    (2) Cost of goods sold; and
    (3) Ordinary dividends.
    (ZZ) From Form 1065, Schedule K-1--
    (1) Publicly-traded partnership indicator;
    (2) Partner's share of nonrecourse, qualified nonrecourse, and 
recourse liabilities;
    (3) Ordinary business income;
    (4) Net rental real estate income;
    (5) Other net rental income;

[[Page 93178]]

    (6) Total guaranteed payments;
    (7) Interest income;
    (8) Total ordinary dividends;
    (9) Dividend equivalents;
    (10) Royalties;
    (11) Net short-term capital gain;
    (12) Net long-term capital gain; and
    (13) Other income.
    (AAA) From Form 3800 Part II (Current Year General Business Credit 
from Form 6765).
    (BBB) From Form 3800, Part III, Increasing research activities 
(Form 6765).
    (CCC) Dividends, including ordinary or qualified.
    (iii) With respect to returns filed on behalf of a tax-exempt 
organization--
    (A) Taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) 
of the Code).
    (B) Activity codes.
    (C) Filing requirement code.
    (D) Monthly corrections of, and additions to, the information 
described in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii)(A) through (C) of this section.
    (E) From Form 990, Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits.
    (F) From Form 990-PF--
    (1) Compensation of officers, directors, trustees, etc.; and
    (2) Pension plans, employee benefits.
    (G) From Form 990-EZ, Salaries, other compensation, employee 
benefits.
    (iv) With respect to taxpayers filing information returns relating 
to health insurance:
    (A) From Form 1095-A--
    (1) Marketplace information;
    (2) Policy issuer's name;
    (3) Recipient's name;
    (4) Recipient's Social Security number;
    (5) Recipient's spouse's name;
    (6) Recipient's spouse's Social Security number;
    (7) Policy start date;
    (8) Policy termination date;
    (9) Covered individual Social Security number;
    (10) Coverage start date;
    (11) Coverage termination date;
    (12) Monthly enrollment premium;
    (13) Monthly second lowest cost silver plan premium;
    (14) Monthly advance payment of premium tax credit;
    (15) Annual premium;
    (16) Annual second lowest cost silver plan premium; and
    (17) Annual advance payment of premium tax credit.
    (B) From Form 1095-B--
    (1) Name;
    (2) Social Security number;
    (3) Date of birth;
    (4) Origin of health coverage;
    (5) Employer name;
    (6) Employer identification number of issuer or other coverage 
provider;
    (7) Employer address;
    (8) Employer identification number;
    (9) Name control validation;
    (10) Social Security number of covered individuals;
    (11) Date of birth of covered individuals; and
    (12) Coverage by month of covered individuals.
    (C) From Form 1095-C--
    (1) Name of employee;
    (2) Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number 
of employee;
    (3) Address of employee;
    (4) Name of employer;
    (5) Employer identification number;
    (6) Employer address;
    (7) Offer of coverage code;
    (8) Checkbox for employer provided self-insured coverage;
    (9) Employee required contribution, all 12 months;
    (10) Name control validation;
    (11) Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number 
of covered individuals; and
    (12) Coverage by month of covered individuals.
    (v) With respect to taxpayers filing information returns related to 
health savings accounts, from Form 5498-SA--
    (A) Taxpayer identification number;
    (B) Total contributions;
    (C) Fair market value of accounts; and
    (D) Account type checkboxes.
    (2) Subject to the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section 
and Sec.  301.6103(p)(2)(B)-1, officers or employees of the Social 
Security Administration to whom the following return information 
reflected on returns has been disclosed as provided by section 
6103(l)(1)(A) or (l)(5) may disclose such information to officers and 
employees of the Bureau of the Census for necessary purposes described 
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:
    (i) From Form SS-4, all information reflected on such form.
    (ii) From Form 1040 (Schedule SE)--
    (A) Taxpayer identifying number of self-employed individual;
    (B) Business activities subject to the tax imposed by chapter 21 of 
the Code;
    (C) Net earnings from farming;
    (D) Net earnings from nonfarming activities;
    (E) Total net earnings from self-employment; and
    (F) Taxable self-employment income for purposes of chapter 2 of the 
Code.
    (iii) From Form W-2, and related forms and schedules--
    (A) Social Security number;
    (B) Employer identification number;
    (C) Wages, tips, and other compensation;
    (D) Social Security wages; and
    (E) Deferred wages.
    (iv) Total Social Security taxable earnings.
    (v) Quarters of Social Security coverage.
    (3)(i) Officers or employees of the Internal Revenue Service will 
disclose the following return information (but not including return 
information described in section 6103(o)(2)) reflected on returns of 
corporations with respect to the tax imposed by chapter 1 of the Code 
to officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census for purposes of, 
but only to the extent necessary in, developing and preparing, as 
authorized by law, the Quarterly Financial Report:
    (A) From the business master files of the Internal Revenue 
Service--
    (1) Taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) 
of the Code), including parent corporation identity information;
    (2) Document code;
    (3) Consolidated return and final return indicators;
    (4) Principal industrial activity code;
    (5) Partial year indicator;
    (6) Annual accounting period;
    (7) Gross receipts less returns and allowances; and
    (8) Total assets.
    (B) From Form SS-4--
    (1) Month and year in which such form was executed;
    (2) Taxpayer identity information (as defined in section 6103(b)(6) 
of the Code); and
    (3) Principal industrial activity, geographic, firm size, and 
reason for application codes.
    (C) From Form 1120-REIT--
    (1) Type of REIT; and
    (2) Gross rents from real property.
    (D) From Form 1120F, corporation's method of accounting.
    (E) From Form 1096, total amount reported.
    (ii) Subject to the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section 
and Sec.  301.6103(p)(2)(B)-1, officers or employees of the Social 
Security Administration to whom return information reflected on returns 
of corporations described in paragraph (b)(3)(i)(B) of this section has 
been disclosed as provided by section 6103(l)(1)(A) or (l)(5) may 
disclose such information to officers and employees of the Bureau of 
the Census for a purpose described in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this 
section.
    (iii) Return information reflected on employment tax returns 
disclosed pursuant to paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(H)(1), (2), (4), (9), or 
(10) of this section may

[[Page 93179]]

be used by officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census for the 
purpose described in and subject to the limitations of paragraph 
(b)(3)(i) of this section.
* * * * *
    (d) Procedures and restrictions. (1) Disclosure of return 
information reflected on returns by officers or employees of the 
Internal Revenue Service or the Social Security Administration as 
provided by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section will be made only 
upon written request to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue by the 
Secretary of Commerce describing--
    (i) The particular return information reflected on returns to be 
disclosed;
    (ii) The taxable period or date to which such return information 
reflected on returns relates; and
    (iii) The particular purpose for which the return information 
reflected on returns is to be used, and designating by name and title 
the officers and employees of the Bureau of the Census or the Bureau of 
Economic Analysis to whom such disclosure is authorized.
    (2) No officer or employee of the Bureau of the Census or the 
Bureau of Economic Analysis to whom return information reflected on 
returns is disclosed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b) or (c) 
of this section may disclose such information to any person, other 
than, pursuant to section 6103(e)(1), the taxpayer to whom such return 
information reflected on returns relates or other officers or employees 
of such bureau whose duties or responsibilities require such disclosure 
for a purpose described in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, except 
in a form that cannot be associated with, or otherwise identify, 
directly or indirectly, a particular taxpayer. If the Internal Revenue 
Service determines that the Bureau of the Census or the Bureau of 
Economic Analysis, or any officer or employee thereof, has failed to, 
or does not, satisfy the requirements of section 6103(p)(4) of the Code 
or regulations in this part or published procedures (see Sec.  
601.601(d)(2) of this chapter), the Internal Revenue Service may take 
such actions as are deemed necessary to ensure that such requirements 
are or will be satisfied, including suspension of disclosures of return 
information reflected on returns otherwise authorized by section 
6103(j)(1) and paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, until the Internal 
Revenue Service determines that such requirements have been or will be 
satisfied.
    (3) All projects using returns or return information disclosed to 
the Bureau of Census under this section must be approved by the 
Internal Revenue Service Director of Statistics of Income, the 
Director's successor, or the Director's delegate, prior to the release 
of such information.
    (4) In its sole discretion, the Internal Revenue Service may 
authorize the use of the Bureau of Census's disclosure review processes 
prior to any public disclosure by the Bureau of Census of a project 
using information provided pursuant to this section. Any Bureau of 
Census disclosure review process authorized under this paragraph (d)(4) 
must ensure that all releases meet or exceed all requirements set by 
the Internal Revenue Service for protecting the confidentiality of 
returns and return information. Additionally, in its sole discretion, 
the Internal Revenue Service Statistics of Income Disclosure Review 
Board may review a Bureau of Census project using information provided 
pursuant to this section prior to disclosure of that project to the 
public to ensure that any proposed releases meet or exceed all 
requirements set by the Internal Revenue Service for protecting the 
confidentiality of returns and return information. This review 
requirement may be imposed at any stage of the project.
    (e) Applicability date. This section applies to disclosures of 
return information made on or after November 26, 2024.

Heather C. Maloy,
Acting Deputy Commissioner.
    Approved: November 6, 2024.
Aviva R. Aron-Dine,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy).
[FR Doc. 2024-27072 Filed 11-25-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-P