Request for Information (RFI) on Science Research Goals/Objectives Affecting Proposed U.S. Antarctic Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Cable and Route Design, 92178-92185 [2024-27292]

Download as PDF lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 92178 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices culminating project (e.g., musical composition) and (2) is not primarily intended as a degree for the practice of a profession. The most common research doctorate degree is the Ph.D. Recipients of professional doctoral degrees, such as MD, DDS, JD, DPharm, and PsyD, are not included in the SED. The 2026 and 2027 SED are expected to include about 630 separately reporting schools with eligible research doctoral programs from about 460 doctorategranting institutions. Based on the historical trend and the disruptive impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic that suppressed the enrollment of research doctoral programs since 2020, NCSES expects a stable turnout of research doctorates for the next few years with a nominal increase from the 2025 cycle, estimating that approximately 58,000 individuals will receive a research doctorate from U.S. institutions in each of the 2026 and 2027 cycle. In addition to the questionnaire for individuals receiving their research doctorates, the SED needs to collect administrative data such as graduation lists from participating academic institutions. The Institutional Coordinator at the institution helps distribute the Web survey link, track survey completions, and submit information to the SED survey contractor. Estimate of Burden: An average overall response rate of 91.5% of the persons who earned a research doctorate from a U.S. institution was obtained in the academic years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Using the past response rate, the number of SED respondents is estimated to be 53,070 (58,000 doctorate recipients × 0.915 response rate) in each of the 2026 and 2027 cycles. Based on the average Web survey completion time for the 2023 SED (19.5 minutes), NCSES estimates that, on average, 20 minutes per respondent will be required to complete the 2026 or 2027 SED Web survey. The annual respondent burden for completing the SED is therefore estimated at 17,690 hours each in 2026 and 2027 (based on 53,070 respondents × 20 minutes). Based on focus groups conducted with Institutional Coordinators, it is estimated that the SED takes no more than 1% of the Institutional Coordinator’s time over the course of a year, which computes to 20 hours per year per Institutional Coordinator (40 hours per week × 50 weeks per year × .01). With about 650 schools expected to participate in the SED in 2026 and 2027, the estimated annual burden to Institutional Coordinators of administering the SED is 13,000 hours per survey cycle. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Therefore, the total information burden for the SED is estimated to be 30,690 (17,690 + 13,000) hours each in the 2026 and 2027 survey cycle. NCSES estimates that the average annual burden for the 2026 and 2027 survey cycles over the course of the three-year OMB clearance period will be no more than 20,460 hours [(30,690 hours + 30,690 hours)/3 years]. Comments: Comments are invited on (a) whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the NSF, including whether the information shall have practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the NSF’s estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information; (c) ways to enhance the quality, use, and clarity of the information on respondents, including through the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology. Dated: November 18, 2024. Suzanne H. Plimpton, Reports Clearance Officer, National Science Foundation. [FR Doc. 2024–27334 Filed 11–20–24; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7555–01–P NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Request for Information (RFI) on Science Research Goals/Objectives Affecting Proposed U.S. Antarctic Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Cable and Route Design U.S. National Science Foundation. ACTION: Request for public comment; extension of comment period. AGENCY: On August 28, 2024, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) published in the Federal Register a document entitled, ‘‘Request for Information (RFI) on Science Research Goals/Objectives Affecting Proposed U.S. Antarctic Science Monitoring and Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Cable and Route Design.’’ In response to delays to widely publicize the RFI within the science research community to enhance public response and provide sufficient time to adequately consider and respond to the RFI, NSF has determined that an extension of the comment period until Wednesday, SUMMARY: PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 January 15 at 11:59 p.m. (eastern), is appropriate. The end of the comment period for the document entitled ‘‘Request for Information’’ published on August 28, 2024 (89 FR 68934), is extended from November 5, 2024, until January 15, 2025. DATES: To respond to this Request for Information, please use the official submission form available at: • Electronic On-line Submission: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ subseacable. Respondents only need to provide feedback on one or more questions of interest or relevance to them. Each question is voluntary and optional. Further announcements and information may be found on the NSF web page: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/ ail/subsea_cable/. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information, please direct questions to Patrick D. Smith through email: AntarcticSubseaCable-RFI@ nsf.gov, phone: 703–292–7455, or mail: 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite W7251, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: ADDRESSES: Introduction Over 500 subsea fiber optic telecommunications cables, including both installed and planned cables, cover nearly all ocean regions including multiple high Arctic cables. NSF is investigating the implementation of a modern subsea fiber optic telecommunications cable connecting the largest U.S. Antarctic Program (https://www.usap.gov/) research facility, McMurdo Station (77°50′47″ S,166°40′06″ E) (https://www.usap.gov/ videoclipsandmaps/ mcmwebcam.cfm?t=1), with either New Zealand or Australia. Although the main scope of the installation is to provide advanced high-speed, low delay telecommunications, this cable will contain additional point sensors (e.g., SMART—Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications) and/or distributed sensing infrastructure, enabling for the first time myriad investigations across a broad range of scientific disciplines. The NSF Directorates for Geosciences (GEO), Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE), and Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships (TIP) have identified the potential subsea cable as an opportunity for transformational changes in the conduct of science, vast improvements in telecommunications capability supporting Antarctica, and innovative E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 public-private partnerships linking science and technology. Additionally, the cable would have the ability to accommodate additional, multiple forms of distributed fiber optic sensing that are advancing rapidly in technology maturity (e.g., Distributed Acoustic Sensing, Distributed Temperature Sensing, State of Polarization, etc.). Preliminary cable routes have been established using standard subsea cable industry best practices that avoid areas posing high geophysical risk, as well as initial feedback from the scientific community via a virtual workshop in 2021, producing a broad corridor where opportunities exist to adjust the final route to best align with Earth science areas of high science research interest. Further, science research supported by the cable sensors is of societal relevance on a global scale for a number of reasons, such as (1) filling significant knowledge gaps of key global ocean processes and trends for improved understanding and monitoring climate change, including ocean heat transport, CO2 sequestration, and sea level rise; (2) regional seismic monitoring and early warning of potential tsunami seismic events; (3) global measurements of geophysical Earth structure; and (4) developing the technological capabilities to enhance other global telecommunications infrastructure for scientific research and human benefit. Science Workshop In late June 2021, the NSF Directorate for Geosciences, Office of Polar Programs (GEO/OPP) (https:// www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OPP) and Directorate for Computer Information Science and Engineering, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (CISE/OAC) (https://new.nsf.gov/cise/ oac), jointly funded a research community-led science workshop (https://www.pgc.umn.edu/workshops/ antarctic-cable/) to review the scientific benefits of a sensor-enabled subsea fiber cable. The Workshop endorsed the cable concept and noted that existing technology and cable systems make it feasible. The Workshop concluded that the proposed activity would benefit Antarctic science research by both increasing telecommunications capacity and including new science sensors in the cable design. The Workshop’s Executive Summary captured four primary findings: Finding 1: Existing and future Antarctic research would be significantly enhanced if bandwidth limitations were eliminated through the availability of a modern submarine cable system. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Finding 2: A new submarine cable could be constructed with embedded instrumentation (a Scientific Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications, or SMART, cable) that would itself enable meaningful new research and understanding of the region. Finding 3: Robust bandwidth for interpersonal connectivity for scientists and staff, if thoughtfully approached, could be transformative for research and work functions, participation in Antarctic science, education, engagement, and community wellbeing. Finding 4: Construction of a new SMART cable that provides essentially unlimited bandwidth to McMurdo is feasible and could also serve as the platform to extend connectivity to deepfield research sites as well as critical research programs at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. This level of connectivity can transform the science and research platforms for future generations. Feasibility Study In response to the 2021 Science Workshop, NSF contracted a comprehensive preliminary concept/ feasibility study (known as a Desktop Study, or DTS https://gbs1.com/ desktop-studies/), incorporating the unique attributes of implementing a sensor-enabled cable to Antarctica. The public version of the McMurdo Cable DTS (https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/ documents/NSF_Public%20 Release%20DTS_Final.pdf) was released in October 2023. NSF also provided a summary and news release (https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_ summ.jsp?cntn_id=308774&org=OPP). The DTS addresses two proposed routes for comparison: (1) McMurdo Station to Sydney, Australia and (2) McMurdo Station to Invercargill, New Zealand. It includes brief assessments of optional extensions from the main cable routes to Macquarie Island for potential interconnection to the Australian research station located there and to nearby international research stations located in the Western Ross Sea/Terra Nova Bay area. More details on the proposed routes including landing sites and relevant diagrams can be found in section 2 of the DTS. The study Executive Summary summarizes the key study results in a comparison of the two routes considered. Both routes were considered technically feasible with the following observations: (1) The NZ route is 1,500 km shorter and thus considerably more economical. (2) The Australian route has additional geophysical risk to the cable PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 92179 arising from a crossing of the seismically active Macquarie Ridge Complex to the north of Macquarie Island. (3) The New Zealand route covers more regions of science interest as indicated by science researcher input to the study. Seismologist interests obtained during the study proposed cable branching units located at 60°S and 50°S for future sea bottom seismometer instruments tapping the cable’s power and communications. (4) The risk from ice scour appears reasonable based upon detailed nearshore bathymetry—the Antarctic SMART Cable landing risk mitigation uses standard subsea cable landing techniques called Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). Bathymetry and iceberg keel depth studies pertaining to the cable route transit across the Ross Sea continental shelf yield a similar low risk assessment. (5) Environmental assessments and permitting will be a significant component of future work, as is the case with all subsea cable projects, and will include the Antarctic Treaty Committee on Environmental Protection protocols. Coordination with the Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) will be needed as the proposed cable route transits the CCAMLR governed Marine Protected Areas in the Ross Sea region. Subsea Cable Industry Considerations A subsea cable installation represents a substantial economic investment. As such, modern subsea telecommunications cables are designed with a 25-year or greater lifetime and thus are designed for high reliability and low maintenance. The introduction of SMART sensors into commercial subsea telecommunications cables is a new phenomenon, with the Government of Portugal-sponsored Atlantic CAM cable (https://www.infraestruturas deportugal.pt/pt-pt/ip-e-asn-assinamcontrato-para-construcao-de-novo-anelcam) and the TAMTAM cable connecting New Caledonia and Vanuatu (https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/ announce/news/contract-signedvanuatu-new-caledonia/) being the first examples. The introduction of sensors into a standard telecommunications cable meeting scientific requirements and inherent cable design life/reliability requirements represents both a new market opportunity and a new technical frontier for industry that will influence the design and adoption of SMART sensors. Point sensors also complement and enhance commercially available cable sensing technologies such as distributed fiber sensing. E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 92180 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices Resources NSF, United States Antarctic Program Portal; https://www.usap.gov/ NSF, Office of Polar Programs; https:// www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OPP NSF, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; https://new.nsf.gov/cise/oac NSF, McMurdo Station Webcams; https:// www.usap.gov/videoclipsandmaps/ mcmwebcam.cfm Joint Task Force on Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications, SMART Cables; https://www.smartcables.org/ Neff, P.D., Andreasen, J.R., Roop, H.A., Pundsack, J., Howe, B., Jacobs, G., Lassner, D., Yoshimi, G., and Timm, K. (2021). 2021 Antarctic Subsea Cable Workshop Report: High-Speed Connectivity Needs to Advance US Antarctic Science. October 1, 2021. University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA; https://www.pgc.umn.edu/ workshops/antarctic-cable/ ICPC, Minimum Technical Requirements for a Desktop Study (6 March 2012), Recommendation No. 9, at pp. 4–8; www.iscpc.org/publications/ recommendations NSF, Connecting the Last Continent: New desktop study on Antarctica’s potential subsea telecommunications cable, with link to study, 27 December 2023; https:// www.nsf.gov/news/news_ summ.jsp?cntn_id=308774&org=OPP Infraestruturas de Portugal, IP and ASN sign contract for the construction of a New CAM Ring, 13 March 2024; https:// www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt/pt-pt/ ip-e-asn-assinam-contrato-paraconstrucao-de-novo-anel-cam University of Hawai’i, Contract signed for world’s first SMART subsea cable, connecting Vanuatu, New Caledonia, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 29 February 2024; https:// www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/ announce/news/contract-signedvanuatu-new-caledonia/ lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 Definition of Terms/References 2021 Antarctic Subsea Cable Workshop: https://www.pgc.umn.edu/workshops/ antarctic-cable/ Branching Unit (BU): https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_ branching_unit Ocean Bottom Pressure A–0–A Technology: https://oceanobservatories.org/piinstrument/a-0-a-calibrated-pressureinstrument/#:∼:text= The%20A%2D0%2DA%20method, pressure%20inside%20the%20 instrument%20housing. Repeater: S. Lentz and B. Howe, ‘‘Scientific Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Cable Systems: Integration of Sensors into Telecommunications Repeaters,’’ 2018 OCEANS—MTS/IEEE Kobe TechnoOceans (OTO), Kobe, Japan, 2018, pp. 1– 7, doi: 10.1109/ OCEANSKOBE.2018.8558862. (pg. 2)https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/329618575_Scientific_ Monitoring_And_Reliable_ VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Telecommunications_SMART_Cable_ Systems_Integration_of_Sensors_into_ Telecommunications_Repeaters SMART Cables: https:// www.smartcables.org/smart Technology Readiness Level (TRL):https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_ readiness_level Information Requested Through this notice, NSF seeks information from the public to evolve the development of the Antarctic SMART Cable. NSF requests information regarding the subsea cable route that both minimizes the risk to the cable and maximizes science research potential, the range of potential science sensors to include, as well as their geographic distribution, the locations of powered cable branching units for future sensor cable build-out or undersea observatory-style point sensor arrays, concepts for the incorporation of existing or promising distributed fiber sensing techniques, and suggested paths to catalyze the necessary technology to develop such a cable system. Additionally, NSF seeks information relevant to partnership opportunities with the public (U.S., international) and private (academia, for-profit and nonprofit) sectors that will facilitate the conceptualization, development, deployment and sustainment of the cable system and related scientific infrastructure. The information requested here will be used to inform the proposed Antarctic SMART Cable project via the NSF Major Research Equipment Facilities and Construction (MREFC) program that funds the development of facility infrastructure. MREFC projects are funded via a separate appropriation intended for large capital-intensive investments, distinct from the NSF appropriations funding research and related activities. Responses submitted via Email and Letter Mail are requested to follow the Electronic On-line Submission data capture questions and format for ease in analyzing responses. These responses may address one or as many topics as desired from the enumerated list provided in this RFI, noting the corresponding number of the topic(s) to which the response pertains. Written submissions must be type-written and not exceed 3 pages (exclusive of cover page and accompanying graphics) in 11point or larger font, single spacing and with a page number provided on each page. Comments containing references, studies, research, and other empirical data that are not widely published or widely available should include copies or electronic links of the referenced PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 materials; these materials, as well as a list of references, do not count toward the 3-page limit. No business proprietary information, copyrighted information, or personally identifiable information (aside from optional information requested below) should be submitted in response to this RFI. Comments submitted in response to this RFI will be used internally at NSF and may be shared with other Federal agencies and NSF contractors assigned to process the responses. Responders are asked to answer one or more of the following questions in responses to the RFI. There are no known risks to participating, and participation is voluntary. Unless provided by you, no identifying information will be collected; therefore, all responses will remain confidential, anonymous, and reported in the aggregate. While there is no sensitive content, you may skip a question at any time. Demographic Questions 1. In which sector do you currently work? (a) Academia (b) Private or publicly traded company (c) Government agency/public sector (d) Non-governmental organization/nonprofit (e) Venture capital/private equity (f) Other (Please specify) 2. Please select up to three (3) areas of expertise/interest: (a) Physical Oceanography (b) Cryosphere (c) Biochemistry (d) Science Education (e) Geodesy (f) Hydrology (g) Climate Change Research (h) Marine Geology/Geophysics (i) Natural Hazards (j) Solid Earth Geophysics (k) Subsea Fiber Optic Cable Systems (l) Sensor/Instrumentation Development (m) Data Management (n) Distributed Fiber Sensing (o) Other (Please specify) 3. For how long have you been working in your current field(s)? (a) Less than five years (b) Five to less than ten years (c) Ten to less than twenty years (d) Twenty years or more (e) Prefer not to answer SMART Cables and Antarctic SMART Cable Science Objectives 4. How familiar are you with the overall SMART Cable concept? Very familiar Familiar E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 92181 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices Acoustic Monitoring Long-Term Global Ocean Observations (general) Seismology Research Earthquake/Tsunami Monitoring Sea Level Research Deep Ocean Circulation Research Southern Ocean Research Other (Please specify) None of the above 7. If you selected ‘‘NONE OF THE ABOVE’’ in the previous question, please elaborate here: Somewhat familiar Not very familiar Not at all familiar 5. Prior to the NSF Federal Register Notice and this Electronic On-Line Submission, how familiar were you with the nascent Antarctic SMART Cable project? Very familiar Familiar Somewhat familiar Not very familiar Not at all familiar 6. Which of the following major research areas do you see the observational capability of the cable supporting? Select all that apply. Climate Change Research Seismic Ground Motion (seismic acceleration and/or velocity). At the time of the release of this survey, the supplier for the two commercial SMART Cable systems under development is finalizing their sensor and vendor selection process, but future systems—like the Antarctic SMART Cable—may have some limited flexibility in the types of sensors which can be incorporated. The following questions explore the range of potential sensor capabilities under consideration for inclusion in the Antarctic SMART Cable. 8. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the following? Current and Future Sensors The initial SMART Cable sensor concept incorporates three basic measurements: Ocean Bottom Pressure, Ocean Bottom Temperature, and BILLING CODE 7555–01–P Table: Responses for Question 8 Seismic Parameters Very Important Important Somewhat Important Not Very Important Not Important at All Don't Know Velocity Response 0 0 0 0 0 0 1$;\rIJ.•··· .}<> ·• o.cn ••• between• .·Hz. and JOO Ht}\> • •···· "Intermediate Band" response (frequencies between 0.02 Hz and 100 Hz) 0 o i .·······•·Pi ··.··••·i>o;> 0 .8i • •• • oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 to .at reast 0.02 H:tl .•· · Very Low Frequency Response (frequencies down to at least 0.01 Hz and tower) High Frequ~ncy Response (frequendes. up to at least 100 Hz) Very High Frequency Response (frequencies up to at least 250 Hz) VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 0 0 21NON1 0 EN21NO24.002</GPH> lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 LRoe.ws·· ·pFornesqeueMy . \ > . . •• ••• > >i . (fr~(luehci~sd<:>wn•.>.·. • ·O ....... • •.•·•·········io··.·· 92182 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices 9. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answers to Question 8. 10. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the following? 11. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answers to Question 10. Table: Responses for Question 10 Pressure Parameters Very Important 5$1f~:t•/ . Important Somewhat Important Not Very Important Not Important at All Don't Know ,:,i•·· oi 0 0 0 Somewhat Important Not Very Important Not Important at All Don't Know 0 0 0 0 6.i.··•· ··•·.·~•··· / \ o<···· <o >~~:;atlon over·.·.. A-O-A Pressure Gauge (larger, does not lose calibration over time) 0 0 0 12. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the following? Table: Responses for Question 12 Very Important Temperature Parameters Important Resoluliort •·• •· ii . · · ••·· ...•0....... ·.·.···. •.•· •.•··•··· • M•easurableto • • ••••• o..1°d.< Resolution . . 0 Measurable to 0.01°c 0 \' .O> ,,' ,, ,: ··.\·O ..... • EN21NO24.004</GPH> 14. How important is it to include the following additional sensors in the cable? VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 EN21NO24.003</GPH> lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 13. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answers to Question 12. _.,,' 92183 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices Table: Responses for Question 14 Sensor Types sa1ir1ity•· ·•·•·. Dissolved Oxygen N~tri~.n.ts . <.•.• • Very Important Important Somewhat Important Not Very Important <d •·· 0 0 ····•·.•... d•····•·· • Cf\ Currents 0 Partial •. · ·. \ •. . •• Ptessureqf .·•.· • •·••··• .•CJ: .CO2 No Additional Sensors 0 Needed • 0 . •. • •. .· • • .• .•. .• ·.·•·. •••.• 0\ ·•. • • Cl·.·.•.···•·•·· 0 0 < . <::) i o, . . · . 0 •... <::).i.·•····:..... • . >a.··· . •·•· 0 Don't Know 0 0 • •. Not Important at All 0 i· 0 0 • .• · . . . . id 0 0 0 0 r o<· 0 Other (Please Specify) lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 New Sensor Technologies To catalyze rapid sensor development and increase their Technology VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Readiness Levels (TRLs) for inclusion in the Antarctic SMART Cable, a range of organizational approaches may be necessary. 19. Should NSF facilitate further development for SMART Cable sensors? If so, how (i.e., research labs/ institutions/industry/partnerships, etc.)? Yes No Don’t know 20. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answer to question 19. Location of the SMART Cable, Sensors, and Future Cable Expansion enable long-term monitoring of specific scientific targets. Further, depending upon the final technological solution(s) for how sensor units will be incorporated into the cable, there may be opportunities to select the locations of some of the sensor modules. Finally, the cable may be able to include one or more Branching Units (BUs). A BU can be used for multiple purposes, such as adding another cable branch, attaching a localized device, or providing an entry point for including a localized network of sensors focused on a specific area or areas. For some segments of the cable, it may be possible to shift the cable’s path slightly in some locations to accommodate additional science or PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 EN21NO24.005</GPH> 15. In the previous question, for any selections you indicated were ‘‘important’’ or ‘‘very important,’’ please explain why you feel these sensor types should be included on the cable: 16. In question #14, for any selections you indicated were ‘‘not very important’’ or ‘‘not important at all,’’ please explain why you feel these sensor types are not needed: 17. In your view, how do SMART and distributed fiber sensing (i.e., DAS and DTS) complement one another? 18. What new scientific discoveries or breakthroughs do you anticipate as a direct result of having access to the long-term measurement data collected by the cable’s sensors? 92184 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 BILLING CODE 7555–01–C Figure Caption: Potential routes for the Antarctica SMART Cable system based on the 2023 Desktop Study (https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/ documents/NSF_ Public%20Release%20DTS_Final.pdf). Thick white dashed lines represent primary McMurdo Trunk and three proposed cable segments with optional landings at (a) Macquarie Island, (b) VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Invercargill, New Zealand, and (c) Sydney, Australia. Proposed Cable Landing Stations are marked by white circles. Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) areas near McMurdo Station are shaded dark gray. The dark gray zone around trunk and cable options shows buffer zones where Branching Unit (BU) stubs could extend. Tectonic plate boundaries (AU: Indo-Australian Plate; PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 AN: Antarctic Plate; PA: Pacific Plate) are denoted by thin black lines. 21. Referring to the above Figure and noting the region of potential cable locations, would you shift the position of the proposed cable route within the buffer zone (dark gray area in the figure)? If so, where? Note that cable path shifts will be minimal without additional engineering evaluations for deployment feasibility and cable safety. E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 EN21NO24.006</GPH> Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 225 / Thursday, November 21, 2024 / Notices Yes No Don’t Know 27. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answers to question 26. If you answered yes, please indicate where and why. 28. What potential do you see for the cable to enable the vision of the networked ocean as a relay platform for an ‘‘Internet of Underwater Things’’, such as subsea gliders, submersible float sensors, ROVs and similar submersible autonomous instrumentation systems? Partnerships and the Project The Whitepaper (https:// goosocean.org/news/un-ocean-decadechallenge-7-white-paper-a-roadmap-forthe-observing-system-we-need/) addressing Challenge 7 (‘‘Expand the Global Ocean Observing System’’) from the UN IOC/UNESCO Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) (‘‘Ocean Decade 2030’’) program indicates that significant investments will be needed to meet the challenges for global ocean observation goals while current investments and mechanisms are inadequate. There is a clear call for multi-sector engagements such as public-private partnerships and Table: Responses for Question 31 Future Science Very Workshop Interested Interested Participation •id• · • .er: 0 0 Attending In.person Final Thoughts lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES1 32. If there is anything else you’d like to share or elaborate upon regarding the topics mentioned here, please provide them here. 33. Please complete the form below to indicate your interest in future participation in this project. This is completely voluntary, and your responses collected will be included in the analysis regardless of your response below. Name lllllllllllllll Affiliation lllllllllllll Title/Position lllllllllll Email address lllllllllll Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1861, et al. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:02 Nov 20, 2024 Jkt 265001 Somewhat Interested C) ,·· 0 Dated: November 15, 2024. Suzanne H. Plimpton, Reports Clearance Officer, National Science Foundation. [FR Doc. 2024–27292 Filed 11–20–24; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7555–01–P NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. 50–263; NRC–2023–0031] Northern States Power Company; Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Unit 1; Final Site-Specific Environmental Impact Statement Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice; issuance. AGENCY: PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 international collaborations for a ‘‘new economic thinking’’ to provide the resources needed. 29. What private and/or public sector groups (e.g., academic, non-profit, industry, etc.) do you think may have an active interest in partnership activities with NSF for aspects of the cable system development? Contribution of the Antarctic SMART Cable To Resolve Global Challenges 30. Beyond the potential direct benefits to support science in the Antarctic and the region covered directly by the Antarctic SMART Cable, there may be broader benefits to developing the Antarctic SMART Cable. In your view, what are the global, national, and societal benefits of this cable? Future Science Workshop 31. A successor science workshop is being considered for 2025 to build upon and extend the work of the June 2021 workshop and this Electronic On-Line Submission. How interested would you be in attending virtually or in-person, provided full or partial travel expenses could be provided? Not Very Interested ·· .... o Not Interested at All .\•.\ () .·•· 0 0 The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has published a final Site-Specific Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), issued as NUREG– 1437, Supplement 26, Second Renewal, ‘‘Site-Specific Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants Regarding Subsequent License Renewal for Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Unit 1, Final Report.’’ This EIS evaluates, on a site-specific basis, the environmental impacts of subsequent license renewal (SLR) of Facility Operating License No. DPR–22 for an additional 20 years of operation for Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant (Monticello), Unit 1. Monticello is located approximately 35 miles NW of Minneapolis, MN. Alternatives to the proposed action of subsequent license renewal for Monticello include the no- SUMMARY: E:\FR\FM\21NON1.SGM 21NON1 EN21NO24.007</GPH> Yes No Don’t know 22. If you’d like, please use this space to elaborate on your answer to question 21. 23. How valuable would it be to your research to be able to select the specific locations of the SMART sensor modules along the cable? Very valuable Valuable Somewhat valuable Not very valuable Not valuable at all 24. How important is it to include one or more Branching Units? Very important Important Somewhat important Not very important Not important at all 25. In terms of current and future research, in your view what are potential uses for Branching Units? 26. Referring again to the above Figure and noting the corridor available around the trunk lines to deploy stubs from Branching Units (dark gray shaded areas surrounding the white dotted lines), would you place additional BUs? 92185

Agencies

[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 225 (Thursday, November 21, 2024)]
[Notices]
[Pages 92178-92185]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-27292]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION


Request for Information (RFI) on Science Research Goals/
Objectives Affecting Proposed U.S. Antarctic Science Monitoring And 
Reliable Telecommunications (SMART) Cable and Route Design

AGENCY: U.S. National Science Foundation.

ACTION: Request for public comment; extension of comment period.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: On August 28, 2024, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) 
published in the Federal Register a document entitled, ``Request for 
Information (RFI) on Science Research Goals/Objectives Affecting 
Proposed U.S. Antarctic Science Monitoring and Reliable 
Telecommunications (SMART) Cable and Route Design.'' In response to 
delays to widely publicize the RFI within the science research 
community to enhance public response and provide sufficient time to 
adequately consider and respond to the RFI, NSF has determined that an 
extension of the comment period until Wednesday, January 15 at 11:59 
p.m. (eastern), is appropriate.

DATES: The end of the comment period for the document entitled 
``Request for Information'' published on August 28, 2024 (89 FR 68934), 
is extended from November 5, 2024, until January 15, 2025.

ADDRESSES: To respond to this Request for Information, please use the 
official submission form available at:
     Electronic On-line Submission: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/subseacable.
    Respondents only need to provide feedback on one or more questions 
of interest or relevance to them. Each question is voluntary and 
optional. Further announcements and information may be found on the NSF 
web page: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/ail/subsea_cable/.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information, please direct 
questions to Patrick D. Smith through email: [email protected], phone: 703-292-7455, or mail: 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, 
Suite W7251, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Introduction

    Over 500 subsea fiber optic telecommunications cables, including 
both installed and planned cables, cover nearly all ocean regions 
including multiple high Arctic cables. NSF is investigating the 
implementation of a modern subsea fiber optic telecommunications cable 
connecting the largest U.S. Antarctic Program (https://www.usap.gov/) 
research facility, McMurdo Station (77[deg]50'47'' S,166[deg]40'06'' E) 
(https://www.usap.gov/videoclipsandmaps/mcmwebcam.cfm?t=1), with either 
New Zealand or Australia. Although the main scope of the installation 
is to provide advanced high-speed, low delay telecommunications, this 
cable will contain additional point sensors (e.g., SMART--Science 
Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications) and/or distributed sensing 
infrastructure, enabling for the first time myriad investigations 
across a broad range of scientific disciplines.
    The NSF Directorates for Geosciences (GEO), Computer and 
Information Science and Engineering (CISE), and Technology, Innovation, 
and Partnerships (TIP) have identified the potential subsea cable as an 
opportunity for transformational changes in the conduct of science, 
vast improvements in telecommunications capability supporting 
Antarctica, and innovative

[[Page 92179]]

public-private partnerships linking science and technology.
    Additionally, the cable would have the ability to accommodate 
additional, multiple forms of distributed fiber optic sensing that are 
advancing rapidly in technology maturity (e.g., Distributed Acoustic 
Sensing, Distributed Temperature Sensing, State of Polarization, etc.). 
Preliminary cable routes have been established using standard subsea 
cable industry best practices that avoid areas posing high geophysical 
risk, as well as initial feedback from the scientific community via a 
virtual workshop in 2021, producing a broad corridor where 
opportunities exist to adjust the final route to best align with Earth 
science areas of high science research interest.
    Further, science research supported by the cable sensors is of 
societal relevance on a global scale for a number of reasons, such as 
(1) filling significant knowledge gaps of key global ocean processes 
and trends for improved understanding and monitoring climate change, 
including ocean heat transport, CO2 sequestration, and sea 
level rise; (2) regional seismic monitoring and early warning of 
potential tsunami seismic events; (3) global measurements of 
geophysical Earth structure; and (4) developing the technological 
capabilities to enhance other global telecommunications infrastructure 
for scientific research and human benefit.

Science Workshop

    In late June 2021, the NSF Directorate for Geosciences, Office of 
Polar Programs (GEO/OPP) (https://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OPP) 
and Directorate for Computer Information Science and Engineering, 
Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (CISE/OAC) (https://new.nsf.gov/cise/oac), jointly funded a research community-led science workshop 
(https://www.pgc.umn.edu/workshops/antarctic-cable/) to review the 
scientific benefits of a sensor-enabled subsea fiber cable. The 
Workshop endorsed the cable concept and noted that existing technology 
and cable systems make it feasible. The Workshop concluded that the 
proposed activity would benefit Antarctic science research by both 
increasing telecommunications capacity and including new science 
sensors in the cable design.
    The Workshop's Executive Summary captured four primary findings:
    Finding 1: Existing and future Antarctic research would be 
significantly enhanced if bandwidth limitations were eliminated through 
the availability of a modern submarine cable system.
    Finding 2: A new submarine cable could be constructed with embedded 
instrumentation (a Scientific Monitoring And Reliable 
Telecommunications, or SMART, cable) that would itself enable 
meaningful new research and understanding of the region.
    Finding 3: Robust bandwidth for interpersonal connectivity for 
scientists and staff, if thoughtfully approached, could be 
transformative for research and work functions, participation in 
Antarctic science, education, engagement, and community wellbeing.
    Finding 4: Construction of a new SMART cable that provides 
essentially unlimited bandwidth to McMurdo is feasible and could also 
serve as the platform to extend connectivity to deep-field research 
sites as well as critical research programs at Amundsen-Scott South 
Pole Station. This level of connectivity can transform the science and 
research platforms for future generations.

Feasibility Study

    In response to the 2021 Science Workshop, NSF contracted a 
comprehensive preliminary concept/feasibility study (known as a Desktop 
Study, or DTS https://gbs1.com/desktop-studies/), incorporating the 
unique attributes of implementing a sensor-enabled cable to Antarctica. 
The public version of the McMurdo Cable DTS (https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/documents/NSF_Public%20Release%20DTS_Final.pdf) was released in 
October 2023. NSF also provided a summary and news release (https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=308774&org=OPP).
    The DTS addresses two proposed routes for comparison: (1) McMurdo 
Station to Sydney, Australia and (2) McMurdo Station to Invercargill, 
New Zealand. It includes brief assessments of optional extensions from 
the main cable routes to Macquarie Island for potential interconnection 
to the Australian research station located there and to nearby 
international research stations located in the Western Ross Sea/Terra 
Nova Bay area. More details on the proposed routes including landing 
sites and relevant diagrams can be found in section 2 of the DTS.
    The study Executive Summary summarizes the key study results in a 
comparison of the two routes considered.
    Both routes were considered technically feasible with the following 
observations:
    (1) The NZ route is 1,500 km shorter and thus considerably more 
economical.
    (2) The Australian route has additional geophysical risk to the 
cable arising from a crossing of the seismically active Macquarie Ridge 
Complex to the north of Macquarie Island.
    (3) The New Zealand route covers more regions of science interest 
as indicated by science researcher input to the study. Seismologist 
interests obtained during the study proposed cable branching units 
located at 60[deg]S and 50[deg]S for future sea bottom seismometer 
instruments tapping the cable's power and communications.
    (4) The risk from ice scour appears reasonable based upon detailed 
near-shore bathymetry--the Antarctic SMART Cable landing risk 
mitigation uses standard subsea cable landing techniques called 
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). Bathymetry and iceberg keel 
depth studies pertaining to the cable route transit across the Ross Sea 
continental shelf yield a similar low risk assessment.
    (5) Environmental assessments and permitting will be a significant 
component of future work, as is the case with all subsea cable 
projects, and will include the Antarctic Treaty Committee on 
Environmental Protection protocols. Coordination with the Committee for 
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) will be 
needed as the proposed cable route transits the CCAMLR governed Marine 
Protected Areas in the Ross Sea region.

Subsea Cable Industry Considerations

    A subsea cable installation represents a substantial economic 
investment. As such, modern subsea telecommunications cables are 
designed with a 25-year or greater lifetime and thus are designed for 
high reliability and low maintenance. The introduction of SMART sensors 
into commercial subsea telecommunications cables is a new phenomenon, 
with the Government of Portugal-sponsored Atlantic CAM cable (https://www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt/pt-pt/ip-e-asn-assinam-contrato-para-construcao-de-novo-anel-cam) and the TAMTAM cable connecting New 
Caledonia and Vanuatu (https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/announce/news/contract-signed-vanuatu-new-caledonia/) being the first examples. 
The introduction of sensors into a standard telecommunications cable 
meeting scientific requirements and inherent cable design life/
reliability requirements represents both a new market opportunity and a 
new technical frontier for industry that will influence the design and 
adoption of SMART sensors. Point sensors also complement and enhance 
commercially available cable sensing technologies such as distributed 
fiber sensing.

[[Page 92180]]

Resources

NSF, United States Antarctic Program Portal; https://www.usap.gov/
NSF, Office of Polar Programs; https://www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OPP
NSF, Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; https://new.nsf.gov/cise/oac
NSF, McMurdo Station Webcams; https://www.usap.gov/
videoclipsandmaps/mcmwebcam.cfm
Joint Task Force on Science Monitoring And Reliable 
Telecommunications, SMART Cables; https://www.smartcables.org/
Neff, P.D., Andreasen, J.R., Roop, H.A., Pundsack, J., Howe, B., 
Jacobs, G., Lassner, D., Yoshimi, G., and Timm, K. (2021). 2021 
Antarctic Subsea Cable Workshop Report: High-Speed Connectivity 
Needs to Advance US Antarctic Science. October 1, 2021. University 
of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA; https://www.pgc.umn.edu/workshops/antarctic-cable/
ICPC, Minimum Technical Requirements for a Desktop Study (6 March 
2012), Recommendation No. 9, at pp. 4-8; www.iscpc.org/publications/recommendations
NSF, Connecting the Last Continent: New desktop study on 
Antarctica's potential subsea telecommunications cable, with link to 
study, 27 December 2023; https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=308774&org=OPP
Infraestruturas de Portugal, IP and ASN sign contract for the 
construction of a New CAM Ring, 13 March 2024; https://www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt/pt-pt/ip-e-asn-assinam-contrato-para-construcao-de-novo-anel-cam
University of Hawai'i, Contract signed for world's first SMART 
subsea cable, connecting Vanuatu, New Caledonia, School of Ocean and 
Earth Science and Technology, 29 February 2024; https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/announce/news/contract-signed-vanuatu-new-caledonia/

Definition of Terms/References

2021 Antarctic Subsea Cable Workshop: https://www.pgc.umn.edu/workshops/antarctic-cable/
Branching Unit (BU): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_branching_unit
Ocean Bottom Pressure A-0-A Technology: https://
oceanobservatories.org/pi-instrument/a-0-a-calibrated-pressure-
instrument/
#:~:text=The%20A%2D0%2DA%20method,pressure%20inside%20the%20instrumen
t%20housing.
Repeater: S. Lentz and B. Howe, ``Scientific Monitoring And Reliable 
Telecommunications (SMART) Cable Systems: Integration of Sensors 
into Telecommunications Repeaters,'' 2018 OCEANS--MTS/IEEE Kobe 
Techno-Oceans (OTO), Kobe, Japan, 2018, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/
OCEANSKOBE.2018.8558862. (pg. 2)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329618575_Scientific_Monitoring_And_Reliable_Telecommunications_SMART_Cable_Systems_Integration_of_Sensors_into_Telecommunications_Repeaters
SMART Cables: https://www.smartcables.org/smart
Technology Readiness Level (TRL):https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_readiness_level

Information Requested

    Through this notice, NSF seeks information from the public to 
evolve the development of the Antarctic SMART Cable. NSF requests 
information regarding the subsea cable route that both minimizes the 
risk to the cable and maximizes science research potential, the range 
of potential science sensors to include, as well as their geographic 
distribution, the locations of powered cable branching units for future 
sensor cable build-out or undersea observatory-style point sensor 
arrays, concepts for the incorporation of existing or promising 
distributed fiber sensing techniques, and suggested paths to catalyze 
the necessary technology to develop such a cable system. Additionally, 
NSF seeks information relevant to partnership opportunities with the 
public (U.S., international) and private (academia, for-profit and non-
profit) sectors that will facilitate the conceptualization, 
development, deployment and sustainment of the cable system and related 
scientific infrastructure.
    The information requested here will be used to inform the proposed 
Antarctic SMART Cable project via the NSF Major Research Equipment 
Facilities and Construction (MREFC) program that funds the development 
of facility infrastructure. MREFC projects are funded via a separate 
appropriation intended for large capital-intensive investments, 
distinct from the NSF appropriations funding research and related 
activities.
    Responses submitted via Email and Letter Mail are requested to 
follow the Electronic On-line Submission data capture questions and 
format for ease in analyzing responses. These responses may address one 
or as many topics as desired from the enumerated list provided in this 
RFI, noting the corresponding number of the topic(s) to which the 
response pertains. Written submissions must be type-written and not 
exceed 3 pages (exclusive of cover page and accompanying graphics) in 
11-point or larger font, single spacing and with a page number provided 
on each page.
    Comments containing references, studies, research, and other 
empirical data that are not widely published or widely available should 
include copies or electronic links of the referenced materials; these 
materials, as well as a list of references, do not count toward the 3-
page limit. No business proprietary information, copyrighted 
information, or personally identifiable information (aside from 
optional information requested below) should be submitted in response 
to this RFI. Comments submitted in response to this RFI will be used 
internally at NSF and may be shared with other Federal agencies and NSF 
contractors assigned to process the responses.
    Responders are asked to answer one or more of the following 
questions in responses to the RFI. There are no known risks to 
participating, and participation is voluntary. Unless provided by you, 
no identifying information will be collected; therefore, all responses 
will remain confidential, anonymous, and reported in the aggregate. 
While there is no sensitive content, you may skip a question at any 
time.

Demographic Questions

    1. In which sector do you currently work?

(a) Academia
(b) Private or publicly traded company
(c) Government agency/public sector
(d) Non-governmental organization/non-profit
(e) Venture capital/private equity
(f) Other (Please specify)

    2. Please select up to three (3) areas of expertise/interest:

(a) Physical Oceanography
(b) Cryosphere
(c) Biochemistry
(d) Science Education
(e) Geodesy
(f) Hydrology
(g) Climate Change Research
(h) Marine Geology/Geophysics
(i) Natural Hazards
(j) Solid Earth Geophysics
(k) Subsea Fiber Optic Cable Systems
(l) Sensor/Instrumentation Development
(m) Data Management
(n) Distributed Fiber Sensing
(o) Other (Please specify)

    3. For how long have you been working in your current field(s)?

(a) Less than five years
(b) Five to less than ten years
(c) Ten to less than twenty years
(d) Twenty years or more
(e) Prefer not to answer

SMART Cables and Antarctic SMART Cable Science Objectives

    4. How familiar are you with the overall SMART Cable concept?

Very familiar
Familiar

[[Page 92181]]

Somewhat familiar
Not very familiar
Not at all familiar

    5. Prior to the NSF Federal Register Notice and this Electronic On-
Line Submission, how familiar were you with the nascent Antarctic SMART 
Cable project?

Very familiar
Familiar
Somewhat familiar
Not very familiar
Not at all familiar

    6. Which of the following major research areas do you see the 
observational capability of the cable supporting? Select all that 
apply.

Climate Change Research
Acoustic Monitoring
Long-Term Global Ocean Observations (general)
Seismology Research
Earthquake/Tsunami Monitoring
Sea Level Research
Deep Ocean Circulation Research
Southern Ocean Research
Other (Please specify)

    None of the above
    7. If you selected ``NONE OF THE ABOVE'' in the previous question, 
please elaborate here:

Current and Future Sensors

    The initial SMART Cable sensor concept incorporates three basic 
measurements: Ocean Bottom Pressure, Ocean Bottom Temperature, and 
Seismic Ground Motion (seismic acceleration and/or velocity). At the 
time of the release of this survey, the supplier for the two commercial 
SMART Cable systems under development is finalizing their sensor and 
vendor selection process, but future systems--like the Antarctic SMART 
Cable--may have some limited flexibility in the types of sensors which 
can be incorporated. The following questions explore the range of 
potential sensor capabilities under consideration for inclusion in the 
Antarctic SMART Cable.
    8. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the 
following?
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[[Page 92182]]


    9. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answers to Question 8.
    10. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the 
following?
    11. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answers to Question 10.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN21NO24.003

    12. How important is it for the sensor to measure each of the 
following?
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN21NO24.004

    13. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answers to Question 12.
    14. How important is it to include the following additional sensors 
in the cable?

[[Page 92183]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN21NO24.005

    15. In the previous question, for any selections you indicated were 
``important'' or ``very important,'' please explain why you feel these 
sensor types should be included on the cable:
    16. In question #14, for any selections you indicated were ``not 
very important'' or ``not important at all,'' please explain why you 
feel these sensor types are not needed:
    17. In your view, how do SMART and distributed fiber sensing (i.e., 
DAS and DTS) complement one another?
    18. What new scientific discoveries or breakthroughs do you 
anticipate as a direct result of having access to the long-term 
measurement data collected by the cable's sensors?

New Sensor Technologies

    To catalyze rapid sensor development and increase their Technology 
Readiness Levels (TRLs) for inclusion in the Antarctic SMART Cable, a 
range of organizational approaches may be necessary.
    19. Should NSF facilitate further development for SMART Cable 
sensors? If so, how (i.e., research labs/institutions/industry/
partnerships, etc.)?

Yes
No
Don't know
    20. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answer to question 19.

Location of the SMART Cable, Sensors, and Future Cable Expansion

    For some segments of the cable, it may be possible to shift the 
cable's path slightly in some locations to accommodate additional 
science or enable long-term monitoring of specific scientific targets. 
Further, depending upon the final technological solution(s) for how 
sensor units will be incorporated into the cable, there may be 
opportunities to select the locations of some of the sensor modules. 
Finally, the cable may be able to include one or more Branching Units 
(BUs). A BU can be used for multiple purposes, such as adding another 
cable branch, attaching a localized device, or providing an entry point 
for including a localized network of sensors focused on a specific area 
or areas.

[[Page 92184]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN21NO24.006

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    Figure Caption: Potential routes for the Antarctica SMART Cable 
system based on the 2023 Desktop Study (https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/documents/NSF_Public%20Release%20DTS_Final.pdf). Thick white dashed 
lines represent primary McMurdo Trunk and three proposed cable segments 
with optional landings at (a) Macquarie Island, (b) Invercargill, New 
Zealand, and (c) Sydney, Australia. Proposed Cable Landing Stations are 
marked by white circles. Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) areas near 
McMurdo Station are shaded dark gray. The dark gray zone around trunk 
and cable options shows buffer zones where Branching Unit (BU) stubs 
could extend. Tectonic plate boundaries (AU: Indo-Australian Plate; AN: 
Antarctic Plate; PA: Pacific Plate) are denoted by thin black lines.
    21. Referring to the above Figure and noting the region of 
potential cable locations, would you shift the position of the proposed 
cable route within the buffer zone (dark gray area in the figure)? If 
so, where? Note that cable path shifts will be minimal without 
additional engineering evaluations for deployment feasibility and cable 
safety.


[[Page 92185]]


Yes
No
Don't know
    22. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answer to question 21.
    23. How valuable would it be to your research to be able to select 
the specific locations of the SMART sensor modules along the cable?

Very valuable
Valuable
Somewhat valuable
Not very valuable
Not valuable at all
    24. How important is it to include one or more Branching Units?

Very important
Important
Somewhat important
Not very important
Not important at all

    25. In terms of current and future research, in your view what are 
potential uses for Branching Units?
    26. Referring again to the above Figure and noting the corridor 
available around the trunk lines to deploy stubs from Branching Units 
(dark gray shaded areas surrounding the white dotted lines), would you 
place additional BUs?

Yes
No
Don't Know

    27. If you'd like, please use this space to elaborate on your 
answers to question 26. If you answered yes, please indicate where and 
why.
    28. What potential do you see for the cable to enable the vision of 
the networked ocean as a relay platform for an ``Internet of Underwater 
Things'', such as subsea gliders, submersible float sensors, ROVs and 
similar submersible autonomous instrumentation systems?

Partnerships and the Project

    The Whitepaper (https://goosocean.org/news/un-ocean-decade-challenge-7-white-paper-a-roadmap-for-the-observing-system-we-need/) 
addressing Challenge 7 (``Expand the Global Ocean Observing System'') 
from the UN IOC/UNESCO Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable 
Development (2021-2030) (``Ocean Decade 2030'') program indicates that 
significant investments will be needed to meet the challenges for 
global ocean observation goals while current investments and mechanisms 
are inadequate. There is a clear call for multi-sector engagements such 
as public-private partnerships and international collaborations for a 
``new economic thinking'' to provide the resources needed.
    29. What private and/or public sector groups (e.g., academic, non-
profit, industry, etc.) do you think may have an active interest in 
partnership activities with NSF for aspects of the cable system 
development?

Contribution of the Antarctic SMART Cable To Resolve Global Challenges

    30. Beyond the potential direct benefits to support science in the 
Antarctic and the region covered directly by the Antarctic SMART Cable, 
there may be broader benefits to developing the Antarctic SMART Cable. 
In your view, what are the global, national, and societal benefits of 
this cable?

Future Science Workshop

    31. A successor science workshop is being considered for 2025 to 
build upon and extend the work of the June 2021 workshop and this 
Electronic On-Line Submission. How interested would you be in attending 
virtually or in-person, provided full or partial travel expenses could 
be provided?
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN21NO24.007

Final Thoughts

    32. If there is anything else you'd like to share or elaborate upon 
regarding the topics mentioned here, please provide them here.
    33. Please complete the form below to indicate your interest in 
future participation in this project. This is completely voluntary, and 
your responses collected will be included in the analysis regardless of 
your response below.

Name _______________
Affiliation _____________
Title/Position ___________
Email address ___________

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1861, et al.

    Dated: November 15, 2024.
Suzanne H. Plimpton,
Reports Clearance Officer, National Science Foundation.
[FR Doc. 2024-27292 Filed 11-20-24; 8:45 am]
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