Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Portable Air Conditioners, 31102-31138 [2023-09755]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
31102
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE–2020–BT–TP–0029]
RIN 1904–AF03
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Portable Air
Conditioners
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) amends the current test
procedure for portable air conditioners
(‘‘portable ACs’’) to incorporate a
measure of variable-speed portable AC
performance, generally consistent with
previously granted waivers, and to make
minor clarifying edits. DOE also
establishes a new test procedure for
portable ACs that provides more
representative measures of cooling
capacity and energy consumption. The
new test procedure will provide the
basis for development of any updated
efficiency standards for portable ACs.
Should DOE establish such standards,
the amended test procedure would
become the required test method for
determining compliance.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is
June 14, 2023. The amendments to
Appendix CC will be mandatory for
product testing starting November 13,
2023. Manufacturers will be required to
use the Appendix CC until the
compliance date of any final rule
establishing amended energy
conservation standards for portable ACs
based on the newly established test
procedure at Appendix CC1. At such
time, manufacturers will be required to
begin using Appendix CC1.
The incorporation by reference of
certain material listed in the rule is
approved by the Director of the Federal
Register as of June 14, 2023. The
incorporation by reference of certain
other material listed in this rule was
approved by the Director of the Federal
Register on August 1, 2016.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts,
comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in
the www.regulations.gov index.
However, not all documents listed in
the index may be publicly available,
such as those containing information
that is exempt from public disclosure.
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
SUMMARY:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
A link to the docket web page can be
found at www.regulations.gov/docket/
EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029. The docket
web page contains instructions on how
to access all documents, including
public comments, in the docket.
For further information on how to
review the docket, contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program staff at (202) 287–1445 or by
email: ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Lucas Adin, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–5B, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC, 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 287–
5904. Email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Sarah Butler, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC, 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–1777. Email:
Sarah.Butler@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE
maintains material previously approved
for incorporation by reference in
appendix CC to 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B and incorporates by reference
the following industry standards into
parts 429 and 430:
AHAM PAC–1–2022, ‘‘Energy
Measurement Test Procedure for Portable Air
Conditioners’’, copyright 2022 (‘‘AHAM
PAC–1–2022’’).
Copies of AHAM PAC–1–2022 can be
obtained from the Association of Home
Appliance Manufacturers (‘‘AHAM’’), 1111
19th Street NW, Suite 402, Washington, DC
20036; or by going to AHAM’s online store
at www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009,
‘‘Methods of Testing for Rating Electrically
Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat
Pump Equipment’’, copyright 2009
(‘‘ASHRAE 37–2009’’).
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1–1986
(Reaffirmed 2006), ‘‘Standard Method for
Temperature Measurement’’, copyright 1987
(‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1’’).
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6–1994 (RA
2006), ‘‘Standard Method for Measurement of
Moist Air Properties’’, copyright 1994.
(‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–1994’’).
ANSI/AMCA 210–99 (co-published as
ANSI–ASHRAE S51–1999), ‘‘Laboratory
Methods of Testing Fans for Certified
Aerodynamic Performance Rating’’
(copyright 1999) (‘‘ANSI/AMCA 210’’).
Copies of ASHRAE 37–2009, ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.1, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–1994,
and ANSI/AMCA 210 can be obtained from
the American National Standards Institute
(‘‘ANSI’’), 1899 L Street NW, 11th Floor,
Washington, DC; or by going to ANSI’s online
store at webstore.ansi.org/.
IEC 62301 (Edition 2.0, 2011–01)
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
Measurement of standby power’’ (copyright
2011) (‘‘IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0’’).
Copies of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be
obtained from the International
Electrotechnical Commission (‘‘IEC’’), 3 Rue
de Varembe, Case Postale 131, 1211 Geneva
20, Switzerland; +41 22 919 02 11,
webstore.iec.ch/.
For a further discussion of these
standards see section IV.N of this
document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Test Procedure
1. Overview
2. Definitions
3. Updates to Industry Standards
4. Harmonization With Other AC Product
Test Procedures
5. Variable-Speed Technology
6. Representative Average Period of Use
7. Configurations
8. Cooling Mode
9. Heating Mode
10. Air Circulation Mode
11. Dehumidification Mode
12. Network Connectivity
13. Infiltration Air, Duct Heat Transfer, and
Case Heat Transfer
C. Representations of Energy Efficiency
D. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
E. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866
and 13563
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by
Reference
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
The Department of Energy’s (‘‘DOE’s’’)
test procedure for portable air
conditioners (‘‘portable ACs’’) is
currently prescribed at 10 CFR
430.23(dd) and appendix CC to subpart
B of part 430 (‘‘appendix CC’’). The
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
following sections discuss DOE’s
authority to establish test procedures for
portable ACs and relevant background
information regarding DOE’s
consideration of test procedures for this
product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’),1 authorizes
DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of
a number of consumer products and
certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317) Title III, Part B 2 of EPCA
established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. In addition
to specifying a list of covered products,
EPCA enables the Secretary of Energy to
classify additional types of consumer
products as covered products under
EPCA. These products include portable
ACs, the subject of this document. (42
U.S.C. 6292(a)(20)) In a final
determination of coverage published in
the Federal Register on April 18, 2016,
DOE classified portable ACs as covered
products under EPCA. 81 FR 22514.
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal
energy conservation standards, and (4)
certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA specifically include definitions
(42 U.S.C. 6291), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6294), energy conservation
standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the
authority to require information and
reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C.
6296).
The testing requirements consist of
test procedures that manufacturers of
covered products must use as the basis
for (1) certifying to DOE that their
products comply with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted
under EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2)
making other representations about the
efficiency of those products (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the products comply with any relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
1 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020), which
reflect the last statutory amendments that impact
Parts A and A–1 of EPCA.
2 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part B was redesignated Part A.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6297)
DOE may, however, grant waivers of
Federal preemption for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with
the procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section shall be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle (as determined by the
Secretary) or period of use and shall not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including portable ACs, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on her
own behalf or in response to a petition
by any interested person, that a test
procedure should be prescribed or
amended, the Secretary shall promptly
publish in the Federal Register
proposed test procedures and afford
interested persons an opportunity to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments with respect to such
procedures. The comment period on a
proposed rule to amend a test procedure
shall be at least 60 days and may not
exceed 270 days. In prescribing or
amending a test procedure, the
Secretary shall take into account such
information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including
technological developments relating to
energy use or energy efficiency of the
type (or class) of covered products
involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE
determines that test procedure revisions
are not appropriate, DOE must publish
its determination not to amend the test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)(ii))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE
amend its test procedures for all covered
products to integrate measures of
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31103
energy descriptor, unless the current
test procedure already incorporates the
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, or if such integration is
technically infeasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)) If an integrated test
procedure is technically infeasible, DOE
must prescribe separate standby mode
and off mode energy use test procedures
for the covered product, if a separate
test is technically feasible. (Id.) Any
such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the
International Electrotechnical
Commission (‘‘IEC’’) Standard 62301 3
and IEC Standard 62087 4 as applicable.
(Id.)
DOE is publishing this final rule in
satisfaction of the 7-year review
requirement specified in EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE’s existing test
procedures for portable ACs appear at
appendix CC. DOE established the
current test procedure for portable ACs
on June 1, 2016. 81 FR 35241 (‘‘June
2016 Final Rule’’). The June 2016 Final
Rule established provisions for
measuring the energy consumption of
single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs
in active, standby, and off modes. The
current test procedure includes
provisions for determining seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity (‘‘SACC’’) in
British thermal units per hour (‘‘Btu/
h’’), combined energy efficiency ratio
(‘‘CEER’’) in British thermal units per
watt-hour (‘‘Btu/Wh’’), and estimated
annual operating cost (‘‘EAOC’’) in
dollars per year. 10 CFR 430.23(dd). The
June 2016 Final Rule also established
provisions for certification, compliance,
and enforcement for portable ACs in 10
CFR part 429.
On June 2, 2020, DOE published a
Decision and Order granting a waiver to
LG Electronics USA, Inc. (‘‘LG’’) for
basic models of single-duct variablespeed portable ACs to account for
variable-speed portable AC performance
under multiple outdoor temperature
operating conditions, thus yielding
more representative results. 85 FR
33643 (Case No. 2018–004, ‘‘LG
Waiver’’).
On November 5, 2020, DOE published
in the Federal Register an early
assessment review request for
information (‘‘RFI’’) (‘‘November 2020
RFI’’) in which it sought data and
3 IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011–
01).
4 IEC 62087, Audio, video and related
equipment—Methods of measurement for power
consumption (Edition 1.0, Parts 1–6: 2015, Part 7:
2018).
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31104
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
information pertinent to whether
amended test procedures would (1)
more accurately or fully comply with
the requirement that the test procedure
produces results that measure energy
use during a representative average use
cycle or period of use for the product
without being unduly burdensome to
conduct, or (2) reduce testing burden. 85
FR 70508.
On April 6, 2021, DOE published a
notice of interim waiver for GD Midea
Air Conditioning Equipment Co. LTD.
(‘‘Midea’’), which issued a similar
alternate test procedure to that from the
LG Waiver with additional
specifications to accommodate the
combined-duct configurations of the
specified Midea basic models. 86 FR
17803 (Case No. 2020–006, ‘‘Midea
Interim Waiver’’).
On April 16, 2021, DOE published in
the Federal Register an RFI (‘‘April
2021 RFI’’) seeking data and information
regarding issues pertinent to whether
amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the
requirement that the test procedure (1)
produces results that measure energy
use during a representative average use
cycle or period of use for the product
without being unduly burdensome to
conduct, or (2) reduces testing burden.
In the April 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comments, information, and data about
a number of issues, including (1)
updates to industry test standards, (2)
test harmonization, (3) energy use
measurements, (4) representative
average period of use, (5) test burden,
(6) heat transfer measurements and
calculations, (7) heating mode, fan-only
mode, and dehumidification mode, (8)
network connectivity, (9) part-load
performance and load-based testing, (10)
spot coolers, and (11) test procedure
waivers. 86 FR 20044.
On June 8, 2022, DOE published in
the Federal Register a notice of
proposed rulemaking (‘‘June 2022
NOPR’’) proposing to amend the test
procedures for portable ACs to
incorporate a measure of variable-speed
portable AC performance and make
minor clarifying edits. DOE also
proposed to adopt a new test procedure
in appendix CC1 to improve
representativeness for all configurations
of portable ACs by including
substantively different measures of
cooling capacity and energy
consumption compared to the current
portable AC test procedure at appendix
CC. The provisions in appendix CC1
were largely derived from a draft
version of the most recent update to the
AHAM standard for portable ACs,
AHAM PAC–1, ‘‘Portable Air
Conditioners.’’ DOE requested
comments from interested parties on the
proposal. 87 FR 34934.
DOE received comments in response
to the June 2022 NOPR from the
interested parties listed in Table I.1.
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
TABLE I.1—LIST OF COMMENTERS WITH WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS IN RESPONSE TO THE JUNE 2022 NOPR
Comment No.
in the docket
Commenter(s)
Reference in this final rule
Commenter type
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers ........................
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, American Council
for an Energy-Efficient Economy, National Consumer Law
Center.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison; collectively, the California
Investor-Owned Utilities.
Keith Rice .................................................................................
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance and Northwest Power
and Conservation Council.
NYSERDA ...............................
AHAM ......................................
Joint Commenters ...................
17
18
19
State Agency.
Trade Association.
Efficiency Organizations.
California IOUs .......................
20
Utilities.
Rice .........................................
NEEA and NWPCC ................
21
22
Individual.
Efficiency Organizations.
A parenthetical reference at the end of
a comment quotation or paraphrase
provides the location of the item in the
public record.5 To the extent that
interested parties have provided written
comments that are substantively
consistent with any oral comments
provided during the July 13, 2022,
public meeting (hereafter referred to as
the ‘‘July 2022 NOPR public meeting’’),
DOE cites the written comments
throughout this final rule. Any oral
comments provided during the webinar
that are not substantively addressed by
written comments are summarized and
cited separately throughout this final
rule.
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE (1) amends 10
CFR 429.4 ‘‘Materials incorporated by
reference’’ and 10 CFR 429.62, ‘‘Portable
air conditioners’’; (2) updates 10 CFR
430.2, ‘‘Definitions’’ and 10 CFR 430.23,
‘‘Test procedures for the measurement
of energy and water consumption’’ to
address combined-duct portable ACs;
(3) amends appendix CC, ‘‘10 CFR
Appendix CC to Subpart B of Part 430
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners’’; and (4) adopts a new
appendix CC1, ‘‘10 CFR Appendix CC1
to Subpart B of Part 430 Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners,’’ as summarized in Tables
II.1 through II.4 below, respectively.
Specifically, in this final rule, DOE
amends 10 CFR 429.4 ‘‘Materials
incorporated by reference’’ and 10 CFR
429.62, ‘‘Portable air conditioners’’ as
follows:
(1) Incorporates by reference AHAM
PAC–1–2022, ‘‘Portable Air
Conditioners’’ (‘‘AHAM PAC–1–2022’’),
which includes an industry-accepted
method for testing variable-speed
portable ACs, in 10 CFR 429.4; and
(2) Adds rounding instructions for the
SACC and the new energy efficiency
metric, annualized energy efficiency
ratio (‘‘AEER’’), in 10 CFR 429.62;
DOE’s adopted amendments in 10
CFR 429.4 and 429.62 are summarized
in Table II.1 compared to the previous
10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62, as well as the
reason for the changes.
5 The parenthetical reference provides a reference
for information located in the docket of DOE’s
rulemaking to develop test procedures for portable
ACs. (Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–TP–0029, which
is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The
references are arranged as follows: (commenter
name, comment docket ID number, page of that
document).
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
31105
TABLE II.1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN AMENDED 10 CFR 429.4 AND 429.62 RELATIVE TO PREVIOUS 10 CFR 429.4
AND 429.62
Previous 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62
Amended 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62
Attribution
10 CFR 429.4 incorporated by reference ANSI/
AHAM PAC–1–2015.
10 CFR 429.62 required rounding based on AHAM
PAC–1–2015.
Adds incorporation by reference in 10 CFR 429.4
of AHAM PAC–1–2022.
Adds to 10 CFR 429.62 rounding instructions for
SACC and AEER when using appendix CC1.
Harmonize with updated industry test
procedure.
Improve reproducibility of the test procedure.
In this final rule, DOE also updates 10
CFR 430.2, ‘‘Definitions’’ and 10 CFR
430.23, ‘‘Test procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption’’ as follows:
(1) Adds a definition for the term
‘‘combined-duct portable air
conditioner’’ to 10 CFR 430.2; and
(2) Adds requirements to determine
estimated annual operating cost for
single-duct and dual-duct variablespeed portable ACs in 10 CFR 430.23.
DOE’s actions in 10 CFR 430.2 and
430.23 are summarized in Table II.1
compared to the previous 10 CFR 430.2
and 430.23, as well as the reason for the
changes.
TABLE II.2—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN AMENDED 10 CFR 430.2 AND 430.23 RELATIVE TO PREVIOUS 10 CFR 430.2
AND 430.23.
Previous 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23
Amended 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23
10 CFR 430.2 did not define combined-duct portable AC.
10 CFR 430.23 did not have a method to estimate
annual operating cost for single-duct and dualduct variable-speed portable ACs.
Adds a definition to 10 CFR 430.2 for combinedduct portable AC.
Adds a method to 10 CFR 430.23 to estimate annual operating cost for single-duct and dual-duct
variable-speed portable ACs.
In this final rule, DOE also amends
appendix CC, ‘‘10 CFR Appendix CC to
Subpart B of Part 430 Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners’’ as follows:
(1) Adds definitions in section 2 for
‘‘combined-duct,’’ ‘‘single-speed,’’
‘‘variable-speed,’’ ‘‘full compressor
speed (full),’’ ‘‘low compressor speed
(low),’’ ‘‘theoretical comparable singlespeed,’’ and ‘‘seasonally adjusted
cooling capacity, full;’’
(2) Divides section 4.1 into two
sections, 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, for singlespeed and variable-speed portable ACs,
respectively, and details configurationspecific cooling mode testing
requirements for variable-speed portable
ACs;
(3) Adds a requirement in section
4.1.2 that, for variable-speed portable
ACs, the full compressor speed at the
95-degrees Fahrenheit (‘‘°F’’) test
condition be achieved with user
controls, and the low compressor speed
at the 83 °F test condition be achieved
with manufacturer-provided settings or
controls;
(4) Adds cycling factors (‘‘CFs’’) in
section 5.5.1 (0.82 for single-duct units
and 0.77 for dual-duct units);
(5) Adds a requirement to calculate
SACC with full compressor speed at the
95 °F test condition and low compressor
speed at the 83 °F test condition in
sections 5.1 and 5.2, consistent with the
LG waiver and Midea Interim Waiver,
with an additional requirement for
variable-speed portable ACs to represent
Attribution
Address test procedure waiver.
Address test procedure waiver.
SACC with full compressor speed for
both test conditions (‘‘SACCFull’’), and;
(6) Adds a requirement in section
3.1.2 that, if a portable AC has network
functions, all network functions must be
disabled throughout testing if such
settings can be disabled by the end-user
and the product’s user manual provides
instructions on how to do so. If the
network functions cannot be disabled by
the end-user, or the product’s user
manual does not provide instructions
for disabling network settings, test the
unit with the network settings in the
factory default configuration for the
duration of the test.
DOE’s actions in appendix CC are
summarized in Table II.3 compared to
the current appendix CC, as well as the
reason for the changes.
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
TABLE II.3—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN AMENDED APPENDIX CC TO PREVIOUS APPENDIX CC
Previous appendix CC
Amended appendix CC
Did not specify compressor type or include variable-speed portable ACs.
Adds definitions for single-speed and variablespeed pertaining to portable ACs and additional
compressor speed definitions.
Adds cooling mode requirements and subsequent
calculations for variable-speed portable ACs.
Adds a requirement that the full compressor speed
at the 95 °F test condition be achieved with user
controls and the low compressor speed at the
83 °F test condition be achieved with manufacturer settings.
Adds CFs of 0.82 for single-duct units and 0.77 for
dual-duct units to determine theoretical singlespeed portable AC cooling capacities.
Specified cooling mode requirements and subsequent calculations for single-speed portable ACs.
Did not specify requirements to achieve compressor speeds.
Did not include a CF ................................................
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
Attribution
Address test procedure waiver.
Address test procedure waiver.
Address test procedure waiver.
Address test procedure waiver.
15MYR2
31106
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE II.3—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN AMENDED APPENDIX CC TO PREVIOUS APPENDIX CC—Continued
Previous appendix CC
Amended appendix CC
Attribution
Calculated SACC for single-speed portable ACs ....
Adds equations to calculate SACC for variablespeed portable ACs. Requires that the full compressor speed be used to determine capacity at
the 95 °F test and the low compressor speed be
used to determine capacity at the 83 °F test
condition. Requires additional representation of
new metric, SACCFull, using the full compressor
speed at the 83 °F test condition.
Adds a requirement that, if a portable AC has network functions, all network functions must be
disabled throughout testing.
Address test procedure waiver and
ensure comparability between single-speed and variable-speed capacity ratings.
Did not address portable ACs with network functions.
In this final rule, DOE additionally
adopts a new appendix CC1, ‘‘10 CFR
Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part
430—Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Portable Air Conditioners,’’ which,
compared to appendix CC as amended
in this final rule:
(1) Incorporates by reference parts of
the updated version of the AHAM
standard, AHAM PAC–1–2022, which
includes an industry-accepted method
for testing portable ACs;
(2) Adopts a new efficiency metric,
AEER, to calculate more
representatively the efficiency of both
variable-speed and single-speed
portable ACs;
(3) Amends the annual operating
hours;
Ensure reproducibility of the test procedure.
(4) Updates the SACC equation for
both single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs; and
(5) Adds cycling factors (‘‘CFs’’) in
section 5.5.1 (0.82 for single-duct units
and 0.77 for dual-duct units).
Key aspects of DOE’s new appendix
CC1 are described in Table II.4
compared to the previous appendix CC,
as well as the reason for the new
appendix CC1.
TABLE II.4—SUMMARY OF PROPOSED NEW APPENDIX CC1 TO CURRENT APPENDIX CC
Previous appendix CC
New appendix CC1
Attribution
Incorporates by reference ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–
2015.
Specifies cooling mode requirements and subsequent calculations for single-speed portable ACs.
Calculates SACC for single-speed portable ACs .....
Incorporates by reference AHAM PAC–1–2022 .....
Harmonize with updated industry test
procedure.
Improve representativeness of the
test procedure.
Improve representativeness of the
test procedure.
Calculates CEER for single-speed portable ACs .....
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Does not include a CF .............................................
DOE has determined that the
amendments adopted in this final rule
for appendix CC will not require DOE to
amend the energy conservation
standards for portable ACs because the
amendments will not impact the
measured efficiency of covered products
that minimally comply (i.e., those with
single-speed compressors) with the
standards for portable ACs at 10 CFR
430.32(cc). See 42 U.S.C. 6293(e). The
currently applicable appendix CC does
not have separate provisions for
variable-speed portable ACs. DOE is
adopting a test method for such units
that address the ability of variable-speed
compressors to adjust their operating
speed based on the demand load of the
conditioned space. Although the
measured efficiency could change for
variable-speed portable ACs that are
currently subject to waivers, DOE has
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Adds cooling mode requirements, operating hours,
and a new efficiency metric.
Adds equation to calculate SACC for variablespeed portable ACs and updates the SACC for
single-speed portable ACs.
Replaces CEER equation with AEER equation to
calculate efficiency for single-speed and variable-speed portable ACs.
Adds CFs of 0.82 for single-duct units and 0.77 for
dual-duct units to determine theoretical singlespeed portable AC cooling capacities.
concluded that this proposal will not
require an adjustment to the energy
conservation standard for portable ACs
to ensure that minimally compliant
portable ACs will remain compliant.
DOE reached this conclusion because
variable-speed portable ACs currently
on the market are not representative of
minimally compliant units.
In addition, the amendments
specified in the newly established
appendix CC1 would alter the measured
efficiency of portable ACs, as discussed
further in each relevant section of this
final rule. However, testing in
accordance with the new appendix CC1
will not be required until such time as
compliance is required with any
amended energy conservation standards
based on the new appendix CC1.
Discussion of DOE’s actions are
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
Improve representativeness of the
test procedure.
Improve representativeness of the
test procedure.
addressed in detail in section III of this
document.
The effective date for the amended
test procedures adopted in this final
rule is 30 days after publication of this
document in the Federal Register.
Representations of energy use or energy
efficiency must be based on testing in
accordance with the amended test
procedure in appendix CC beginning
180 days after the publication of this
final rule.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
DOE defines a ‘‘portable air
conditioner’’ as a portable encased
assembly, other than a packaged
terminal air conditioner, room air
conditioner, or dehumidifier, that
delivers cooled, conditioned air to an
enclosed space, and is powered by
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
single-phase electric current. 10 CFR
430.2. The definition also states that a
portable AC includes a source of
refrigeration and may include additional
means for air circulation and heating.
Id.
Appendix CC specifies provisions for
testing portable ACs with either singleduct 6 or dual-duct 7 configurations. In
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE summarized
comments previously received in
response to the April 2021 RFI regarding
‘‘spot coolers,’’ which are not currently
covered by the portable AC test
procedure. Although DOE does not
currently define the term ‘‘spot cooler,’’
the June 2022 NOPR discussed this term
as applying to portable AC
configurations that do not provide net
cooling to a space, but rather move heat
from one area to another in a space (i.e.,
they reject the heated condenser air to
the cooled space). Based on their
physical and operating characteristics,
spot coolers do not meet either of the
definitions for a single-duct or dual-duct
portable AC. DOE further noted in the
June 2022 NOPR that it was not aware
of any spot coolers on the market with
an adjustable window mounting bracket
for the condenser inlet and exhaust
ducts, which is required for the portable
AC configurations addressed by the
current portable AC test procedure. DOE
did not propose any amendments to the
scope or definitions related to spot
coolers. 87 FR 34934, 34940.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
NEEA and NWPCC requested that DOE
continue to monitor spot coolers for
potential consideration in future
rulemakings. (NEEA and NWPCC, No.
22 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the June
2022 NOPR, in this final rule DOE is not
adopting any amendments to the scope
or definitions related to spot cooler
configurations of portable ACs. In
summary, DOE is not changing the
scope of products covered by its
portable AC test procedure in this final
rule.
6 DOE defines a ‘‘single-duct portable air
conditioner’’ as a portable AC that draws all of the
condenser inlet air from the conditioned space
without the means of a duct, and discharges the
condenser outlet air outside the conditioned space
through a single duct attached to an adjustable
window bracket. 10 CFR 430.2.
7 DOE defines a ‘‘dual-duct portable air
conditioner’’ is a portable AC that draws some or
all of the condenser inlet air from outside the
conditioned space through a duct attached to an
adjustable window bracket, may draw additional
condenser inlet air from the conditioned space, and
discharges the condenser outlet air outside the
conditioned space by means of a separate duct
attached to an adjustable window bracket. 10 CFR
430.2.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
B. Test Procedure
1. Overview
Portable ACs are tested in accordance
with the currently applicable appendix
CC, which incorporates by reference
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015 ‘‘Portable
Air Conditioners’’ (‘‘ANSI/AHAM PAC–
1–2015’’), ASHRAE 37–2009, and IEC
Standard 62301 ‘‘Household electrical
appliances—Measurement of standby
power’’ (Edition 2.0 2011–01) (‘‘IEC
Standard 62301’’), with modifications.
Regarding dual-duct portable ACs, the
currently applicable DOE test procedure
specifies provisions in addition to
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015. Specifically,
the DOE test procedure specifies an
additional test condition for dual-duct
portable ACs (83 °F dry-bulb and 67.5 °F
wet-bulb outdoor temperature) and
additionally accounts for duct heat
transfer, infiltration air heat transfer,
and off-cycle mode energy use. (See
sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.2 of
appendix CC.) Appendix CC also
includes instructions regarding tested
configurations, duct setup, inlet test
conditions, condensate removal, unit
placement, duct temperature
measurements, and control settings.
(See sections 3.1.1, 3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.2,
3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.4, 3.1.1.6, and 3.1.2 of
appendix CC.)
Under the currently applicable test
procedure, a unit’s SACC, in Btu/h, is
calculated as a weighted average of the
adjusted cooling capacity (‘‘ACC’’)
measured at two representative
operating conditions. The ACC is the
measured indoor room cooling capacity
while operating in cooling mode under
the specified test conditions, adjusted
based on the measured and calculated
duct and infiltration air heat transfer.
(See sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 5.1, and
5.2 of appendix CC.) The CEER
represents the efficiency of the unit, in
Btu/Wh, based on the ACC at the two
operating conditions; the annual energy
consumption (‘‘AEC’’) in cooling mode,
off-cycle mode, and inactive or off
mode; and the number of cooling mode
hours per year; with weighting factors
applied for the two operating
conditions. (See sections 4.2, 4.3, 5.3,
and 5.4 of appendix CC.)
2. Definitions
As discussed previously in this
document, the Midea Interim Waiver
provided specifications to accommodate
the ‘‘combined-duct’’ configuration of
the specified Midea basic models. 86 FR
17803. The term ‘‘combined-duct’’ refers
to a configuration in which both the
condenser inlet and outlet air streams
are incorporated into the same structure.
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31107
In the Midea Interim Waiver, DOE
specified a definition for ‘‘combinedduct portable air conditioner’’ as part of
the alternate test procedure. 86 FR
17803, 17808. Since this duct
configuration was not previously
defined, DOE proposed in the June 2022
NOPR to define ‘‘combined-duct’’ in 10
CFR 430.2 specifically as ‘‘for a portable
air conditioner, the condenser inlet and
outlet air streams flow through separate
ducts housed in a single duct structure.’’
87 FR 34934, 34939–34940. DOE did not
receive comments on this proposed
definition. For reasons described in the
Midea Interim Waiver and the June 2022
NOPR, DOE is adopting this proposed
definition in this final rule with a minor
modification. The adopted definition
will be ‘‘combined-duct portable air
conditioner’’ and will be substantively
the same as the proposed definition.
3. Updates to Industry Standards
a. AHAM PAC–1
DOE participated in AHAM’s revision
of its portable AC test procedure,
recently published in December 2022,
entitled AHAM PAC–1–2022, ‘‘Energy
Measurement Test Procedure for
Portable Air Conditioners’’ (hereinafter,
‘‘AHAM PAC–1–2022’’). As noted
above, the previous version of AHAM
PAC–1, ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015, is
referenced by the currently applicable
version of appendix CC. While the
revision was under development,
AHAM released a draft version of
AHAM PAC–1–2022 in January 2022
(‘‘AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft’’), the
provisions of which DOE reviewed and
considered for adoption in the amended
appendix CC and the newly established
appendix CC1, as discussed in the June
2022 NOPR. 87 FR 34934, 34941. In the
June 2022 NOPR, DOE also stated that
if AHAM publishes a final version of
PAC–1–2022 Draft prior to DOE
publishing a test procedure final rule,
DOE intends to update the referenced
industry test standard in the DOE test
procedure to reference the latest version
of AHAM PAC–1. Id. In this final rule,
DOE evaluated the issued version of the
standard, AHAM PAC–1–2022, for
incorporation by reference in the
portable AC test procedure.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to maintain references to
AHAM PAC–1–2015 in appendix CC,
with adjustments made to the test
procedure to account for variable-speed
operation in keeping with the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver. DOE
proposed this approach because
adopting a test procedure consistent
with AHAM PAC–1–2022 would result
in an efficiency metric not comparable
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31108
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
with existing portable AC standards
established in the energy conservation
standards final rule published by DOE
on January 10, 2020 (85 FR 1378;
‘‘January 2020 Final Rule’’). 87 FR
34934, 34941. DOE also proposed to add
a new capacity metric to appendix CC
for variable-speed models, SACCFull,
that is comparable to the SACC for
single-speed models. Id.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to adopt AHAM PAC–1–2022
in a new appendix CC1, with
amendments intended to improve test
procedure representativeness, noting
that as proposed appendix CC1 would
simplify the portable AC test procedure
for variable-speed portable ACs and
improve representativeness and
comparability among different portable
AC configurations. Id. DOE also
proposed to incorporate by reference the
AHAM PAC–1–2022 standard in 10 CFR
429.4. 87 FR 34934, 34941.
In response to the June 2022 NOR,
AHAM urged DOE to incorporate by
reference the final version of AHAM
PAC–1–2022 in DOE’s final rule by
adopting AHAM PAC–1–2022 in full as
the Federal test procedure. AHAM
stated that AHAM PAC–1–2022 meets
EPCA requirements and addresses some
of DOE’s proposed amendments to the
test procedure. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 2)
DOE has reviewed the final version of
AHAM PAC–1–2022 and compared it to
the draft version considered for the June
2022 NOPR. The draft and final versions
of the standard are largely the same,
with one notable change in the
approach to calculate CEER that is
mostly consistent with DOE’s approach
to determine AEER, discussed further in
section III.B.7.g of this document. DOE
is incorporating by reference the final
version of AHAM PAC–1–2022 in newly
established appendix CC1, with some
additional amendments, generally
consistent with the amendments
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR, as
discussed further in section III.B.7 of
this document. DOE expects these
additional amendments to improve test
procedure representativeness.
b. Additional Industry Standards
Referenced
Both ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015 and
AHAM PAC–1–2022 reference ASHRAE
37–2009, which references certain
industry test standards in specifying test
conditions, measurements, and setup. In
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to
incorporate those industry standards
specified in the relevant sections of
ASHRAE 37–2009. Specifically, DOE
proposed to incorporate by reference
ANSI/AMCA 210, as referenced in
section 6.2, ‘‘Nozzle Airflow Measuring
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Apparatus,’’ of ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–
2015 and AHAM PAC–1–2022, for static
pressure tap placement. DOE also
proposed to incorporate by reference
ASHRAE 41.1–1986 and ASHRAE 41.6–
1994, as referenced in section 5.1,
‘‘Temperature Measuring Instruments,’’
of AHAM PAC–1–2022, for measuring
dry-bulb temperature and humidity,
respectively. 87 FR 34934, 34941.
DOE received no comments regarding
the proposal to reference additional
standards. For the reasons described in
the June 2022 NOPR, is incorporating by
reference these additional industry
standards in the amended appendix CC
and newly established appendix CC1.
4. Harmonization With Other AC
Product Test Procedures
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed amendments to address and
improve the representativeness of the
test procedure for portable ACs, as
required by EPCA. (See 42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3))
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
NEEA and NWPCC recommended that
DOE align the test procedures for
portable ACs and room ACs, stating that
these products are potential substitutes
for one another and may be evaluated
side-by-side by consumers. NEEA and
NWPCC expressed concern that under
the current test procedures for each
product, portable ACs may appear to be
more efficient than room ACs, whereas
the opposite is generally the case.
(NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at pp. 3–4)
DOE recognizes that consumers may
consider portable ACs and room ACs for
the same applications, and that it could
be helpful to consumers for the portable
AC and room AC ratings to be
comparable. However, as discussed in a
portable AC test procedure NOPR
published on February 25, 2015, DOE
also expects that portable ACs and room
ACs have different operating hours and
are likely utilized differently by
consumers. 80 FR 10211, 10235. Data
provided to DOE by the California IOUs
in response to the June 2022 NOPR
show that 47 percent of room AC
owners surveyed typically use their
room AC as a source of primary air
conditioning compared to only 22
percent of portable AC owners
surveyed. (CA IOUs, No. 20 at supp. p.
2) This suggests that, unlike room ACs
that are typically used for primary
cooling, the large majority of portable
ACs are used for secondary or
supplemental cooling (i.e., not for
primary cooling). Accordingly, the
portable AC and room AC test
procedures have different operating
hours and test conditions, and the
resulting CEER metric for each test
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
procedure measures the efficiency of
each distinct tested product during its
representative period of use. In the
future, DOE will continue to consider
EPCA requirements and consumer usage
data when amending both the portable
AC and room AC test procedures.
5. Variable-Speed Technology
Since the previous portable AC test
procedure rulemaking, portable ACs
with variable-speed compressors have
been introduced to the market. As
compared to a portable AC with a
single-speed compressor, a variablespeed portable AC can use an inverterdriven variable-speed compressor to
maintain the desired temperature
without cycling the compressor motor
and fans on and off. The unit responds
to surrounding conditions by adjusting
the compressor rotational speed based
on the cooling demand. At reduced
speeds, variable-speed compressors
typically operate more efficiently than a
single-speed compressor under the same
conditions.
The current portable AC test
procedure does not account for
improved efficiency of variable-speed
portable ACs that automatically adjust
their compressor operating speed and
overall performance based on the
cooling load of the conditioned space.
Under the currently applicable
appendix CC, the cooling capacity (as
expressed by the SACC metric) does not
reflect the reduced cooling provided at
the lower outdoor test temperature
(83 °F) in normal operation, because the
test procedure does not allow singlespeed units to cycle or variable-speed
units to reduce their speed, as they
would in normal operation. Similarly,
the measured efficiency (as expressed
by the current CEER metric) does not
reflect the efficiency benefits associated
with a variable-speed portable AC
relative to a single-speed portable AC
when operating at low outdoor
temperature conditions.
In this final rule, DOE is amending
appendix CC to adopt test provisions to
provide more representative measures of
SACC and CEER for variable-speed
portable ACs. The amendments require
testing variable-speed portable ACs at
the low temperature (i.e., 83 °F) test
condition, in addition to the two test
conditions currently specified for
testing single-speed units. Incorporating
the performance at this new test
condition produces more representative
values of SACC and CEER for variablespeed units in comparison to singlespeed units. For variable-speed units,
DOE is also introducing a new SACC
metric that reflects operation at full
speed (referred to as SACCFull) to allow
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
for comparisons of SACC between
single-speed and variable-speed units
on a like-to-like basis and to ensure that
measured CEER values for variablespeed portable ACs are compatible with
the energy conservation standards
currently specified at 10 CFR 430.32(cc)
for products manufactured on or after
January 10, 2025.
For newly established appendix CC1,
this final rule includes the same new
low temperature test condition for
variable-speed units. Additionally,
appendix CC1 defines a new SACC
metric, applicable to both single-speed
and variable-speed units, that accounts
for the reduced cooling capacity
provided by both types of units at the
low temperature test condition.
Appendix CC1 defines a new efficiency
metric (i.e., AEER) that, in addition to
accounting for the reduced operation of
variable-speed units at the low
temperature test condition, better
accounts for the cyclic behavior of
single-speed units at low temperature
conditions.
The specific amendments related to
each of these issues are discussed in
detail in section III.B.7 of this
document, including summaries of
comments received in response to the
specific amendments proposed in the
June 2022 NOPR.
As discussed, DOE has issued the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver, both
of which specify alternate test
procedures for certain basic models of
variable-speed portable ACs. 85 FR
33643; 86 FR 17803. This final rule
adopts provisions that address the
issues presented in both the LG Waiver
and Midea Interim Waiver. Upon the
compliance date of the test procedure
revisions to appendix CC, the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver will
automatically terminate. 10 CFR
430.27(h)(3).
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
6. Representative Average Period of Use
a. Operational Modes
The measured energy performance of
a portable AC includes energy use
associated with cooling mode and offcycle mode during the cooling season,
and inactive mode and off mode for the
entire year. In the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE considered whether operation in
other modes—namely, heating mode, air
circulation mode, and dehumidification
mode—should be included in the
portable AC test procedure. DOE
tentatively determined not to address
these modes and sought comment on
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
this tentative determination. 87 FR
34934, 34953–34954. Comments
received on heating mode, air
circulation mode, and dehumidification
mode are discussed in sections III.B.8,
III.B.9, and III.B.10 of this document,
respectively.
b. Hours of Operation
To determine the energy use during a
representative period of use, the
currently applicable DOE test procedure
assigns the following hours of operation
for each mode: 750 hours for cooling
mode, 880 hours for off-cycle mode, and
1,355 hours for inactive mode or off
mode. (See section 5.3 of appendix CC.)
These operating hours were established
in the June 2016 Final Rule. In that rule,
DOE derived these values from the
existing operating hours for room ACs,
noting that little usage data for portable
ACs existed at that time. DOE adjusted
the room AC usage data to reflect
portable AC usage; for example, inactive
mode and off mode estimates outside of
the cooling season were decreased
because portable ACs are more likely to
be unplugged outside of the cooling
season as compared to room ACs, which
are less portable.8 81 FR 35241, 35258–
35259.
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE maintains that the analysis used to
develop appendix CC was based on the
best available data for portable AC
operation at the time, although it did
not take into account cyclic behavior.
To maintain compatibility with existing
energy conservation standards for
portable ACs, DOE did not propose any
changes to the operating hours in the
amended appendix CC in the June 2022
NOPR, but proposed other appendix CC
modifications to account for variablespeed portable AC efficiency benefits
relative to single-speed portable ACs,
specifically associated with the
avoidance of cycling losses, as
discussed in section III.B.7.f of this
document.
In appendix CC1, to increase overall
test procedure representativeness by
accounting for cyclic behavior in singlespeed portable ACs, or the avoidance of
cycling for variable-speed units, DOE
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR to
8 Further information regarding the development
of the operating hours is provided in the February
25, 2015 NOPR and November 27, 2015
supplemental NOPR for the previous portable AC
test procedure rulemaking, available at
www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2014-BT-TP0014-0009 and www.regulations.gov/document/
EERE-2014-BT-TP-0014-0021, respectively.
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31109
reassess the off mode and inactive mode
hours for certain product configurations
to reflect hours previously considered as
part of off-cycle mode. The operating
hours defined in appendix CC
distinguish between off-cycle mode and
cooling mode. By definition, when
portable ACs are in cooling mode, the
compressor is on, meaning that DOE
expects 750 hours of compressor
operation per year for single-speed
portable ACs. Using the AHRI 210/240
fractional bin approach discussed in the
June 2022 NOPR, DOE determined that
single-speed portable ACs operate their
compressors for 164 hours per year at
the 95 °F test condition and for 586
hours per year at the 83 °F test
condition. 87 FR 34934, 34945. As
discussed in the June 2022 NOPR—
based on the AHRI 210/240 Building
Load Calculation found in section
11.2.1.2 of that standard—DOE expects
that single-speed portable ACs operate
at a reduced load at the 83 °F test
condition, equal to 60 percent of the full
cooling load. Therefore, at the reduced
load represented by the 83 °F test
condition, DOE estimates a single-speed
portable AC would operate in cooling
mode (i.e., compressor on) for 60
percent of that time and off-cycle mode
(i.e., compressor off) for the remaining
40 percent. Accordingly, based on
DOE’s estimate of 586 annual coolingmode hours assigned to the 83 °F
cooling-mode test condition, which
represent 60 percent of the total
operating hours at reduced load
conditions, DOE estimated that there are
977 total operating hours at the 83 °F
cooling mode test condition (i.e.,
including both cooling mode and offcycle mode for a single-speed unit) and
therefore estimated there are a total of
391 annual off-cycle mode hours.
Because at low loads variable-speed
units operate continuously at a lower
compressor speed during periods of
time when single-speed units are in offcycle mode, DOE proposed to set the
variable-speed portable AC operating
hours at the low test condition equal to
the single-speed portable AC operating
hours in cooling mode at the low test
condition and off-cycle mode. 87 FR
34934, 34944–34946.
Table III.1 summarizes the June 2022
NOPR proposals for the annual
operating hours for portable ACs in
appendix CC and the newly proposed
appendix CC1.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31110
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE III.1—ANNUAL OPERATING HOURS FOR PORTABLE ACS AS PROPOSED IN JUNE 2022 NOPR
Operating mode
Appendix CC
Cooling Mode, 95 °F ..................................................................................
Cooling Mode, 83 °F ..................................................................................
1 750
Off-Cycle Mode ..........................................................................................
880
Off/Inactive Mode .......................................................................................
1,355
1 750
Appendix CC1
164.
586 (Single-Speed).
977 (Variable-Speed).
391 (Single-Speed).
0 (Variable-Speed).
1,844.
1 These
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
operating mode hours are for the purposes of calculating annual energy consumption under different ambient conditions and are not a
division of the total cooling mode operating hours. 750 represents the total cooling mode operating hours.
NYSERDA and the Joint Commenters
supported DOE’s proposed modified
operating hours in appendix CC1.
NYSERDA asserted that they better
reflect reduced capacity at lower
outdoor temperatures and account for
the relationship between cyclic behavior
and off-cycle mode of single-speed
portable ACs. The Joint Commenters
believe that DOE’s approach will better
represent the operation of single-speed
and variable-speed portable ACs.
(NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 2; Joint
Commenters, No. 19 at p. 1)
Rice supported deriving the number
of operating hours at 95 °F for both
single-speed and variable-speed units
from the fractional hours of occurrence
from the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute (‘‘AHRI’’)
Standard 210/240, ‘‘Performance Rating
of Unitary Air-conditioning & Airsource Heat Pump Equipment’’ (‘‘AHRI
210/240’’). Rice commented that the
variable-speed operating hours should
be identical to that proposed for singlespeed units (586 hours), assuming that
the 83 °F delivered capacity for variablespeed units at reduced speed is given as
the capacity matching the required
house load at 83 °F per AHRI 210/240
at 100-percent sizing. Rice also stated
that using the fractional off times (0.4
for single-duct units and 0.4637 for
dual-duct units) multiplied by the
effective single-speed hours at net cyclic
capacity would result in 234 and 271
off-cycle mode hours for single-duct and
dual-duct single-speed units,
respectively. The off-cycle mode hours
would be 0 for the variable-speed units.
(Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
Regarding the proposal from Rice to
allocate a total of 586 hours to cooling
mode and off-cycle mode for both
single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs at the 83 °F test condition,
as discussed previously, DOE has
previously determined and maintains
that the representative number of
cooling mode operating hours for singlespeed portable ACs (i.e., compressor on
hours) is 750 hours for the entirety of
the cooling season, with 586 of those
hours at the 83 °F test condition.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
According to the Rice proposal, only
352 or 315 cooling mode hours at the
83 °F test condition would be
considered, for single-duct or dual-duct
portable ACs, respectively, which
would underrepresent the total number
of hours typically spent with the
compressor operating in cooling mode.
The DOE approach, as described
previously, considers the same total
number of operating hours for singlespeed and variable-speed units in
cooling mode and off-cycle mode,
thereby maintaining consistency with
prior analyses and providing a
consistent basis of comparison among
different portable AC configurations.
This approach aligns with the main
objective of the approach suggested by
Rice while ensuring the
representativeness of test results.
For these reasons, in this final rule
DOE is adopting the operating hours
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR for
appendix CC1, as shown in Table III.1.
As discussed previously, DOE did not
propose any amendments to the
operating hours in appendix CC and is
not adopting any amendments to those
operating hours in this final rule.
7. Configurations
The current portable AC test
procedure in appendix CC addresses
two configurations of portable ACs:
dual-duct and single-duct. Appendix CC
currently requires that portable ACs that
are able to operate as both a single-duct
and dual-duct portable AC as
distributed in commerce by the
manufacturer must be tested and rated
for both duct configurations. (See
section 3.1.1 of appendix CC.)
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not
propose any amendments to the
configurations addressed by the test
procedure in appendix CC and proposed
to adopt the same requirements in the
new appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34946.
The Joint Commenters stated that it is
important to continue to require testing
and rating for units with both singleduct and dual-duct configurations in
order to provide consumers with
relevant information and to ensure that
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
these units meet minimum standards
with either configuration. The Joint
Commenters supported DOE’s proposal
to maintain the requirement that if a
portable AC can operate in both singleduct and dual-duct configurations, the
model should be tested and rated for
both configurations. (Joint Commenters,
No. 19 at p. 2)
NEEA and NWPCC supported
maintaining requirements for separately
testing both portable AC ducting
configurations given the difference in
performance between products with
these configurations. (NEEA and
NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the
previous paragraphs and in the June
2022 NOPR, DOE is maintaining in
appendix CC and adopting in appendix
CC1 the distinction between single-duct
and dual-duct configurations and
continues to require that a unit able to
operate as both a single-duct and dualduct portable AC, as distributed in
commerce by the manufacturer, must be
tested and rated for both duct
configurations.
a. Combined-Duct Units
As discussed previously in section
III.B.2 of this document, the Midea
Interim Waiver provided specifications
to accommodate the ‘‘combined-duct’’
configuration of the specified Midea
basic models and DOE is adopting a
new definition for ‘‘combined-duct’’ in
this final rule.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to include provisions in both
appendix CC and appendix CC1 to test
combined-duct portable ACs using an
adapter to interface with the combined
duct to allow for individual connections
of the condenser inlet and outlet
airflows to the test facility’s measuring
apparatuses. DOE further proposed
specific instructions requiring 16
thermocouples and their placement
radially and along the length of the duct
to measure temperature variations on
the surface of the combined duct. These
combined-duct portable AC test
provisions proposed in the June 2022
NOPR were consistent with the test
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
procedure approved by DOE in the
Midea Interim Waiver. 87 FR 34934,
34942.
DOE received no comments regarding
the combined-duct portable AC test
provisions. In this final rule, for the
reasons discussed in the June 2022
NOPR and Midea Interim Waiver, DOE
is adopting the test provisions discussed
above for combined-duct portable ACs
in appendix CC and appendix CC1.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not
propose any amendments to the duct
test setup for single-duct or dual-duct
portable ACs that do not contain a
combined duct. Appendix CC requires
that four thermocouples be placed on
the outside of the duct, or ducts, to
measure external temperature. AHAM
PAC–1–2022 has adopted the same
combined-duct approach for all duct
configurations in terms of thermocouple
placement, requiring that the duct test
setup for all portable ACs employ 16
thermocouples per duct. DOE has
reviewed this approach in AHAM PAC–
1–2022 and concludes that the
increased number of thermocouples for
single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs
that do not contain a combined duct is
unnecessary and increases test burden,
given that temperature is unlikely to
vary radially for any given single duct.
The AHAM PAC–1–2022 approach
would require the lab to maintain,
mount, and monitor many times more
thermocouples than are necessary for
this testing, and because increasing the
number of thermocouples would not
improve the accuracy of the test
procedure for non-combined-duct units,
this increase in test burden is not
justified. Therefore, DOE maintains the
previous approach in appendix CC and
appendix CC1 to require that only four
thermocouples be adhered to each duct
for single-duct and dual-duct portable
ACs, except combined-duct portable
ACs, as discussed previously.
8. Cooling Mode
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
a. Single-Speed Test Conditions
Section 4 of appendix CC measures
cooling capacity and overall power
input in cooling mode using one test
condition for single-duct units and two
test conditions for dual-duct units. For
single-duct units, the test procedure
specifies an 80 °F dry-bulb/67 °F wetbulb condenser (‘‘outdoor’’) inlet air test
condition. For dual-duct units,
condition A specifies a 95 °F dry-bulb/
75 °F wet-bulb outdoor test condition
and condition B specifies an 83 °F drybulb/67.5 °F wet-bulb outdoor test
condition. See section 4.1 of appendix
CC for the current test requirements and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Table 1 in section 4.1 of appendix CC
for the list of test conditions.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to maintain the existing test
conditions for single-speed portable ACs
in appendix CC. In the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE also proposed the same singlespeed portable AC test conditions in
appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34946–
34947.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
Rice recommended that DOE consider
using a 92.5 °F interpolated value in
place of the measured 95 °F values,
stating that 92.5 °F is the true midpoint
of the 85 °F to 100 °F temperature range
used in AHRI 210/240. (Rice, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at p. 29)
In past rulemakings, DOE has
determined that a 95 °F outdoor test
condition is representative of conditions
when cooling is most needed, an
important part of the average use cycle
of portable ACs. 81 FR 35241, 35249.
Furthermore, DOE notes that the 95 °F
test condition is widely adopted in the
portable AC industry, as demonstrated
by its use in AHAM PAC–1–2015 and
AHAM PAC–1–2022. While 92.5 °F is
the midpoint of the temperature range
in AHRI 210/240, EPCA requires that
the DOE test procedure produce results
that reflect a representative average use
cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)) For the purposes of
appendix CC, DOE utilized the building
loads specified by AHRI 210/240 to
determine that a 95 °F outdoor test
condition produces the most
representative results. On this basis,
DOE continues to conclude that the 95
°F outdoor test condition is most
representative of portable AC full-load
performance and continues to define a
95 °F outdoor test condition in both
appendix CC and appendix CC1.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
AHAM expressed support for DOE’s
proposal to include in appendix CC one
test condition for single-duct portable
ACs and two test conditions for dualduct portable ACs as these test
conditions are identical to those found
in the AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft.
AHAM also supported DOE’s proposal
to adopt in appendix CC two test
configurations for single-duct variablespeed portable ACs and three test
configurations for dual-duct variablespeed portable ACs as those test
conditions were identical to those found
in the AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft.
According to AHAM, this proposal
supports its request to incorporate the
final version of AHAM PAC–1–2022 in
a final rule as the Federal test
procedure. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 2–3)
For the reasons previously discussed,
DOE is maintaining the existing test
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31111
conditions for single-speed portable ACs
in appendix CC and appendix CC1 in
this final rule.
b. Variable-Speed Compressor Speed
Test Conditions and Configurations
The alternate test methods specified
in the LG Waiver and Midea Interim
Waiver maintained the test conditions
from appendix CC with respect to drybulb and wet-bulb temperature.
However, the alternate test methods
added compressor speed specifications
to the test conditions for variable-speed
units (e.g., a full speed and a reduced
speed for single-duct units at condition
C, and a full speed at the higher
temperature test condition, condition
A), and two other tests (e.g., one at full
speed and the other at reduced speed at
the lower temperature test condition,
condition B). In the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE proposed to amend appendix CC to
adopt the approach used in the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver to
address variable-speed portable ACs. 87
FR 34934, 34942–34944.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE also
proposed to adopt in the new appendix
CC1 the same compressor configurations
as in the LG Waiver and Midea Interim
Waiver, except requiring only the low
compressor speed configuration at the
83 °F test condition for variable-speed
units. As proposed, this approach
would be consistent with two of the
three test conditions found in the
AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft. The AHAM
PAC–1–2022 Draft included both a fullspeed and a reduced-speed compressor
configuration at the 83 °F test condition
for variable-speed units. As discussed in
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE expects that
portable ACs will typically encounter
reduced cooling loads when the outdoor
temperature is 83 °F, based on the
building load calculation found in
section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240. Thus,
DOE considers the most representative
mode of operation for variable-speed
portable ACs to involve reduced
compressor speed when operating at the
83 °F (and therefore lower cooling load)
test condition. 87 FR 34934, 34944.
AHAM cited its AHAM Home
Comfort Study, which found that the
two most-common reasons for choosing
a portable AC are the ability to move the
unit from room to room (34 percent of
consumers), and the ability to store the
unit elsewhere in cooler weather (36
percent of consumers). AHAM stated
that portable ACs may run at higher
speeds when moved due to
experiencing a ‘‘hard start’’ in an
unconditioned, newly occupied space,
and, that it is unlikely that low speed
would be significantly utilized in these
scenarios. AHAM stated that units may
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31112
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
run at higher speeds even at lower
outdoor temperatures as the conditioned
space gets closer to the set point. AHAM
also noted that the 2020 RECS showed
that the control setting most used by
consumers of individual AC units is to
turn the equipment on or off as needed.
AHAM urged DOE to consider full
speed operation at 83 °F to maintain
consistency with the AHAM PAC–1–
2022 Draft and asserted that this would
improve the representativeness of the
test procedure. AHAM also presented
data from connected portable ACs to
support the use of high-speed
performance to represent operation at
the 83 °F test condition. The data
presented by AHAM show the average
amount of running time required to
reach the portable AC setpoints in the
morning and in the evening for nine
portable ACs. AHAM also included the
average number times the portable ACs
cycled per day. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 8–
9)
DOE appreciates the consumer usage
data supplied by AHAM in its response
to the June 2022 NOPR. While DOE
agrees that portable ACs may run at full
compressor speed after being plugged in
following a move from one room to
another, DOE expects that it is unlikely
that consumers move portable ACs from
room to room as part of the average
daily operation of their portable AC,
given the amount of effort involved in
uninstalling and reinstalling the ducts
and window mounting bracket, and the
likelihood that cooling is generally
needed in the same room every day.
Upon review of the supplied connected
portable AC data, while they show that
portable ACs on average take longer to
reach their set point in the morning than
in the evening and that portable ACs
cycle on average more than once per
day, the data do not definitively show
that full-load operation should be
represented as part of the average period
of use for an outdoor temperature of
83 °F. In order to determine that
portable ACs spend a significant amount
of time in full-load operation at the
83 °F test condition, DOE would require
information relating to: (1) the
percentage of operating time spent or
energy consumed by portable ACs under
full load relative to under reduced load;
and (2) the outdoor temperatures
experienced during the data collection
period. DOE would also need to
determine that the data are
representative of average portable AC
operation. The data present no
definitive information on operating
time, energy use, or outdoor
temperature and the set lacks key
context to determine the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
representativeness of the sample, such
as unit size, room size, and geographic
location. Further, if DOE were able to
determine that these data are
representative and that full-load
operation should be considered as
representative of part of the average use
cycle at lower temperatures, the data do
not indicate how much weight to give
to such operation in calculations.
Without clear usage data showing
otherwise, DOE continues to conclude,
based on the AHRI 210/240 building
load calculation, that the most
representative capacity measurement for
the 83 °F outdoor temperature condition
captures reduced-speed operation for
variable-speed units and cyclic behavior
for single-speed units.
While the 2020 RECS data cited by
AHAM do suggest that 36 percent of
portable AC users mainly operate their
unit by turning it on and off, the data
miss key context regarding how
frequently users turn their equipment
on and off and the test conditions at
which they do so. Without this
information, DOE cannot: (1) estimate
the amount of time or energy spent in
full load due to this operation; (2)
determine how much of this operation
should be attributed to the average
period of use at the 83 °F outdoor
temperature condition; or (3) conclude
from the RECS data that full-load
operation is a representative part of the
average period of use at the 83 °F
outdoor temperature condition. As the
data provided by AHAM is inconclusive
with regards to full-speed operation at
the 83 °F test condition, DOE expects
that portable ACs will typically
encounter reduced cooling loads when
the outdoor temperature is 83 °F, based
on the building load calculation found
in section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240.
Thus, and lacking conclusive user data
that show otherwise, DOE continues to
conclude that the most representative
mode of operation for portable ACs at
lower-temperature (and therefore lower
cooling load) test conditions involves
reduced compressor speed for variablespeed portable ACs and cyclic operation
for single-speed portable ACs. For this
reason, the DOE test procedure adopted
in this final rule requires testing
variable-speed portable ACs at a single
representative reduced-speed test
condition and DOE is providing annual
hours of operation at the 83 °F test
condition for cooling mode operation in
the new appendix CC1.
c. Compressor Speed Control
Methodology
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed that for variable-speed
portable ACs, in both appendix CC and
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
the proposed new appendix CC1, the
full compressor speed be achieved by
using ‘‘native controls’’ (i.e., with user
controls) with the thermostat setpoint
set at 75 °F, and achieve the low
compressor speed using supplemental
test instructions and settings provided
by the manufacturer to DOE and
laboratories. The approach proposed in
the June 2022 NOPR is consistent with
the alternate test procedure specified in
the Midea Interim Waiver and with
AHAM PAC–1–2022 but represents a
change from the procedure specified in
the LG Waiver, which specifies using
supplemental test instructions and
settings provided by the manufacturer to
achieve full compressor speed, and
would require re-testing of the models
listed in that waiver. 87 FR 34934,
34947.
The Joint Commenters supported
DOE’s proposal to require that variable
speed units operate under their native
controls, with the thermostat setpoint at
75 °F, to achieve the full compressor
speed operation. The Joint Commenters
asserted that this would better reflect
how a variable-speed unit would
operate in the field compared to testing
at fixed manufacturer settings. (Joint
Commenters, No. 19 at pp. 1–2)
For the reasons discussed in the
preceding paragraphs and in the June
2022 NOPR, in revisions to appendix CC
and the new appendix CC1, DOE is
adopting the native control and
manufacturer setting approach set forth
in the Midea Interim Waiver and
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR, which
are consistent with the compressor
speed setting requirements contained in
AHAM PAC–1–2022.
d. Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity
Under the current test procedure, a
unit’s SACC is calculated as the
weighted average of two full-load tests
at the 95 °F and 83 °F test conditions.
(See section 5.2 of appendix CC.) The
LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver
changed the operating condition for
variable-speed portable ACs at the 83 °F
outdoor temperature test condition to
use a reduced-speed test. As discussed
in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE expects
that portable ACs will typically
encounter reduced cooling loads when
the outdoor temperature is 83 °F, based
on the building load calculation found
in section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240.
Thus, DOE considers the most
representative mode of operation for
portable ACs at the 83 °F (and therefore
lower cooling load) test condition to
involve reduced compressor speed for
variable-speed portable ACs. 87 FR
34934, 34944.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
Because reduced-compressor speed
operation is most representative of
performance at 83 °F, DOE proposed in
the June 2022 NOPR to adopt for
appendix CC the Midea Interim Waiver
approach of determining SACC for
variable-speed portable ACs using the
low compressor speed to represent partload operation at the 83 °F outdoor
temperature test condition. DOE
additionally proposed to add a new
capacity metric for variable-speed
portable ACs in appendix CC, SACCFull,
which calculates capacity using full
compressor speed performance at the
lower test condition to facilitate
consumer comparisons between singlespeed and variable-speed portable ACs.
For appendix CC1, DOE proposed to
account for single-speed cyclic behavior
and variable-speed low compressor
speed operation expected at lower loads
by modifying the SACC calculation to
reflect reduced capacity when operating
at the low (83 °F) test condition. 87 FR
34934, 34948.
NYSERDA supported DOE’s proposed
modified SACC in appendix CC1,
asserting that they better reflect reduced
capacity at lower outdoor temperatures
and account for the relationship
between cyclic behavior and off-cycle
mode of single-speed portable ACs.
(NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 2)
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
AHAM requested that DOE clarify how
the proposed appendix CC1 capacity
factors were calculated along with the
base data used in these calculations.
(AHAM, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
16 at p. 24)
The California IOUs also urged DOE
to provide more details on how the load
factors for single-duct and dual-duct
units were derived using AHRI Standard
210/240. (California IOUs, No. 20 at p.
2)
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE calculated the load factors based
on the building load calculation in
section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240 to
estimate the typical cooling load when
the outdoor temperature is 83 °F,
assuming that full-load conditions are at
a temperature of 95 °F. For single-duct
units, this load factor is calculated to be
0.6. While all portable AC
configurations experience the same
indoor cooling load at each of the test
conditions, dual-duct portable AC
performance is impacted by the changes
in the outdoor air temperature (i.e.,
cooling capacity increases relative to the
95 °F outdoor condition as outdoor
process air temperature decreases due to
the cooler outdoor air being more
effective at removing heat from the
condenser). Single-duct portable ACs do
not experience this effect because the air
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
entering the condenser is always the
same indoor air temperature of 80 °F,
regardless of the outdoor air
temperature. This cooling capacity
increase results in a full-load cooling
capacity for dual-duct portable ACs at
83 °F that is higher than the full-load
cooling capacity at 95 °F, which is the
basis of the AHRI 210/240 building load
calculation used to calculate load
factors. Therefore, DOE used a capacity
adjustment factor developed during the
room AC rulemaking using
thermodynamic modeling 9 to estimate
the cooling capacity increase for dualduct portable ACs when operating at the
83 °F test condition relative to the 95 °F
test condition, and thereby adjusted the
single-duct cooling load factor of 60
percent as listed in AHRI 210/240 to a
cooling load factor of 53.63 percent of
full load operation for dual-duct
portable ACs when operating at the
83 °F outdoor temperature. 87 FR 34934,
34948.
Rice noted that had the single speed
ACC83 values been defined as the
compressor-on capacities at 83 °F, their
run time hours would be less and
different for the single-duct and dualduct cases. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
The ACC at the 83 °F test condition
in appendix CC1 represents the total
cooling provided per hour at a given test
condition, and accounts for cyclic
behavior in single-speed units by using
a fractional load factor rather than by
adjusting the operating hours spent in
cooling mode. While it would be
possible to adjust the operating hours to
account for the cyclic behavior, the test
procedure accomplishes the same goal
while maintaining the representative
operating hours discussed above by
multiplying the capacity measured for
single-speed units at the 83 °F test
condition by the load factor (different
for single-duct and dual-duct units) to
adjust for the percent of time spent in
off-cycle mode with the compressor off
when the unit is not providing any
cooling.
AHAM opposed DOE’s proposed
calculation of SACC including low
compressor speed as, according to
AHAM, the proposed SACC calculation
is not representative of the normal
operation of a variable-speed portable
AC and would increase consumer
confusion. AHAM stated that although
seasonal weighting for different
temperature conditions is appropriate,
the full capability of portable ACs at
each temperature condition should be
9 For more information on this capacity
adjustment for room ACs, see the test procedure
final rule published on March 29, 2021. 86 FR
16446, 16458.
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31113
the reported capacity, as is the case for
central and room ACs. AHAM stated
that variable-speed portable ACs are
likely to spend a significant portion of
time at high compressor speed, even at
a lower temperature condition;
therefore, DOE should require only one
SACC calculation, equivalent to
SACCFull. AHAM stated that SACCFull
should suffice as a basis of comparison
between single- and variable-speed
units and suggested using AHAM PAC–
1–2022 Draft, which calculates SACC
using only full compressor speed.
AHAM added that changing the
capacity metric for portable ACs to
further lower reported portable AC
efficiency is unwarranted as AHAM
PAC–1–2022 Draft accounts for
efficiency losses particular to portable
ACs. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 3–4, 6)
EPCA requires that DOE’s test
procedures be reasonably designed to
produce test results that measure energy
efficiency and estimated annual
operating cost during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) As the SACC metric
is determined using the DOE test and
also used to estimate annual operating
cost, EPCA requires that the SACC
metric be representative of an average
use cycle. As discussed previously, DOE
considers the most representative mode
of operation for portable ACs at the 83
°F (and therefore lower cooling load)
test conditions to involve reduced
compressor speed for variable-speed
portable ACs. Because reducedcompressor speed operation is most
representative of performance at 83 °F,
in appendix CC, variable-speed SACC is
calculated using the capacity measured
from the reduced compressor speed
configuration in accordance with the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver
approach. The SACCFull metric is
employed and represents full-speed
capacity at both test conditions, as
recommended by AHAM, to allow
consumers to easily compare the
capacities of variable-speed and singlespeed portable ACs and to maintain
compatibility with the existing portable
AC standards, which are calculated
based on single-speed SACC. The
approach in appendix CC maintains a
representative capacity metric for
variable-speed portable ACs (SACC),
while addressing comparability with the
new capacity metric (SACCFull).
AHAM opposed DOE’s proposal in
appendix CC1 to include de-rating
factors for single-duct units to account
for cyclic behavior from part-load
operation at the low (83 °F) test
condition for comparison between
single-speed and variable-speed models.
AHAM stated that home appliance
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31114
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
manufacturers believe capacity entails
the unit’s ability to cool down a room
(i.e., what the unit is capable of
providing) and compared this rationale
with other home appliances to support
the same approach for portable AC
capacity reporting. According to AHAM,
capacity representations should be
based on what the unit is capable of.
AHAM added that the AHRI standard
only measures capacity using full speed
and therefore is not used in the correct
context under DOE’s proposed de-rating
value for single-duct portable ACs,
which is based on the standard. AHAM
requested that de-rating factors should
be the same for single-duct and dualduct units as single-duct units will
experience a decreased load at the low
ambient temperature as well due to the
lower temperature of infiltration air.
According to AHAM, DOE’s proposal
inappropriately punishes dual-duct
units when decreased operation could
translate to increased overall efficiency.
(AHAM, No. 18 at p. 4–6)
As discussed previously and in the
June 2022 NOPR, because DOE
determined that the low compressor
speed test configuration at the low
temperature test condition is most
representative of portable AC operation,
the most representative SACC metric is
based on this capacity. This
determination is consistent with the
requirement under EPCA that the
portable AC capacity metric be
representative of an average period of
use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) DOE has
adopted a relevant industry standard,
AHRI 210/240, to account for singlespeed cyclic behavior under this test
condition, with modifications necessary
to ensure compatibility with the EPCA
requirements regarding measurements
of a representative use cycle, as
provided for in section 8.c of appendix
A to subpart C of to 10 CFR part 430.10
In both appendix CC (for variable-speed
units only) and appendix CC1 (for all
units), DOE modified the load factor of
0.6 derived from the building load
calculation for use in the ACC83
calculation to account for the difference
in full-load cooling capacity at the 95 °F
and 83 °F test conditions, as discussed
in the June 2022 NOPR and in this final
rule. 87 FR 34934, 34949. Single-duct
units do not require this adjustment to
the building load calculation because
the air entering the condenser is always
the same indoor air temperature of 80 °F
10 This appendix establishes procedures,
interpretations, and policies to guide DOE in the
consideration and promulgation of new or revised
appliance energy conservation standards and test
procedures under EPCA, and is commonly referred
to as the ‘‘Appendix A.’’
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
and there is no difference in cooling
capacity between test conditions.
AHAM stated that because the SACC
calculations proposed by DOE are
different than the nominal ASHRAE
capacity, users who are accustomed to
making purchase decisions based on
nominal capacity (full capacity, as
measured in the test procedure) or who
have little or no background on SACC
could be confused as a result.
Additionally, AHAM stated that
manufacturers would face additional
burden in educating consumers and
retailers on SACC and the deviation
from ASHRAE ratings. AHAM also
stated that DOE’s proposed SACC
calculation will exacerbate the
challenges manufacturers already have
in providing accurate room sizes.
AHAM added that DOE’s proposed
SACC calculation results in a lower
number than the SACC calculation in
AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft which, if
implemented, would likely cause
consumers to purchase a unit that is too
large for the space and will perform less
efficiently and less effectively than a
smaller, properly sized unit. According
to AHAM, the sizing recommendations
found on DOE’s website and EPA’s
website are based on the full capacity
that the unit is capable of delivering and
do not account for different compressor
speeds, which may lead to consumers
purchasing oversized units. AHAM
stated that the SACC calculation in
AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft properly
marks portable ACs and better matches
these sizing tables, allowing consumers
to select units that operate efficiently
according to space needs. (AHAM, No.
18 at pp. 5–6)
DOE understands that the use of
reduced-load performance in calculating
SACC may be confusing to consumers in
the short term, given the wide range of
guidance available that refers to SACC
calculated using only full-load
performance. The new metric, SACCFull,
will be available for consumers to rely
on until the new appendix CC1 is
effective and required for
representations. In the interim, while
appendix CC remains in effect,
manufacturers must additionally
represent variable-speed portable AC
capacity using SACCFull, maintaining
comparability with SACC as currently
calculated using appendix CC.
Manufacturers and retailers will have
time to educate consumers on the
changes to SACC resulting from the new
test procedure during the period until
appendix CC1 would become required
for testing and rating.
In this final rule, DOE is maintaining
the current SACC calculation for singlespeed units in the revised appendix CC.
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
The SACC for variable-speed units in
appendix CC shall be calculated using
the low compressor speed at the 83 °F
test condition, consistent with the
previously granted LG Waiver and
Midea Interim Waiver. DOE is also
amending appendix CC to include a
new capacity metric for variable-speed
portable ACs, SACCFull, that uses the full
compressor speed at the 83 °F test
condition, and a corresponding
definition for the new metric.
To ensure proper use of the new
SACCFull metric when determining
compliance of a variable-speed portable
AC in accordance with the energy
conservation standards that go into
effect for single-duct and dual-duct
portable ACs manufactured on or after
January 10, 2025, DOE is amending the
text in 10 CFR 430.32(cc) to clarify
which capacity metric shall be used
when determining compliance.
Specifically, DOE is adjusting the
equation description to clarify that for a
single-speed portable AC, ‘‘SACC’’ is
seasonally adjusted cooling capacity, in
Btu/h, as determined in appendix CC,
whereas for a variable-speed portable
AC, ‘‘SACC’’ is the full-load seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity (i.e.,
SACCFull), in Btu/h, as determined in
appendix CC.
For appendix CC1, DOE is adopting
an updated SACC calculation for all
portable ACs that uses the measured
cooling capacity at the 83 °F test
condition. For variable-speed portable
ACs, the cooling capacity at that
condition is measured with low
compressor speed. For single-speed
portable ACs, the measured cooling
capacity at the 83 °F test condition is
multiplied by a load factor of 0.6 for
single-duct units and 0.5363 for dualduct units.
e. Weighting Factors
The current portable AC test
procedure calculates SACC and CEER as
weighted averages of the results of
various calculations based on the
measured capacity and power values at
the two portable AC test conditions,
representing outdoor temperatures of
95 °F and 83 °F. Both equations use
weighting factors of 0.2 and 0.8 for the
two test conditions, respectively. (See
section 5.4 of appendix CC.)
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not
propose amendments to the existing
weighting factors in appendix CC.
However, for appendix CC1, based on
the new set of operating hours, revised
capacity equation, and new efficiency
equation intended to improve
representativeness (see sections
III.B.6.b, III.B.7.d, and III.B.7.g of this
final rule, respectively), in the June
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
2022 NOPR, DOE proposed weighting
factors of 0.144 and 0.856 for the 95 °F
and 83 °F test conditions, respectively.
87 FR 34934, 34949.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
Rice suggested that weighting factors of
0.218 and 0.782 for the 95 °F and 83 °F
test condition, respectively, are the
appropriate basis for the new weighting
factors in appendix CC1 in place of the
weighting factors proposed in the
NOPR. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
Because DOE is adopting new
operating hours in appendix CC1, as
discussed previously in section III.B.6.b
of this document, the weighting factors
adopted in appendix CC1 must reflect
those new operating hours in order to
maintain internal test procedure
consistency and produce the most
representative capacity value. The
weighting factors adopted in appendix
CC1 are used in the SACC calculation,
while the AEER calculation uses
operating hours to properly represent
the annual cooling provided within that
efficiency calculation. Using the AHRI
210/240 building load calculation alone,
without factoring in the appendix CC1
operating hours, results in weighting
factors of 0.218 and 0.782. However, the
weighting factors used in appendix CC1
represent the total time DOE expects
portable ACs to operate at each test
condition and not only the cooling
mode operation at each test condition.
Considering the portion of the appendix
CC1 total cooling mode and off-cycle
mode hours spent at each temperature
condition (see Table III.1 in section
III.B.6.b of this document), 14.4 percent
of the total cooling mode hours are
allocated to the 95 °F test condition and
85.6 percent to the 83 °F test condition,
corresponding to weighting factors of
0.144 and 0.856. 87 FR 34934, 34949.
DOE continues to conclude, as was
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR and
used in AHAM PAC–1–2022, that
weighting factors of 0.144 and 0.856
corresponding to the 95 °F test condition
and the 83 °F test condition,
respectively, are representative of the
portable AC average period of use. DOE
is therefore adopting them for the SACC
calculation in appendix CC1.
f. Cycling Losses
Historically, portable ACs have been
designed using a single-speed
compressor, which operates at full
cooling capacity while the compressor
is on. When the required cooling load in
a space is less than the full cooling
capacity of the unit, a single-speed
compressor cycles on and off. This
cycling behavior introduces
inefficiencies often referred to as
‘‘cycling losses.’’ In addition, single-
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
speed portable ACs may experience
inefficiencies by continuing to operate
the blower fan during compressor off
periods after the evaporator coils have
warmed to the point that any further fan
operation does not contribute to the
unit’s overall cooling capacity. These
two types of inefficiencies occur only
for single-speed portable ACs. As
discussed in the June 2022 NOPR,
variable-speed ACs avoid such
inefficiencies because their compressors
run continuously, adjusting their speeds
as required to match the cooling load.
87 FR 34934, 34949–34950.
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE proposed a means of accounting
for the losses associated with singlespeed cyclical operation at reduced
conditions, namely the use of a cycling
factor (‘‘CF’’) of 0.82, in both appendix
CC and the new appendix CC1, based on
available test data and consistent with
the value in AHAM PAC–1–2022, to
adjust the measured efficiency to
represent the expected losses when
operating at the low test condition that
are not otherwise captured as part of the
test. 87 FR 34934, 34949–34950.
In response to the proposed cycling
loss factor of 0.82 proposed in the June
2022 NOPR, DOE received the following
comments.
The California IOUs agreed with
DOE’s methodology and the proposed
cycling loss factor of 0.82 and requested
any additional information regarding
the units tested—such as the range of
efficiency rating and capacity and if the
tested units were single duct or dual
duct, as well as the methodology used
in unit selection. (California IOUs, No.
20 at p. 2)
ASAP and the Joint Commenters
encouraged DOE to fully account for the
losses of single-speed units in the
determination of an appropriate CF
value by including the energy required
to operate the blower fan during
compressor off periods after the
evaporator coils have warmed to the
point that any further fan operation does
not contribute to the unit’s overall
cooling capacity. ASAP and the Joint
Commenters believe the CF proposed by
DOE is therefore too high and artificially
deflates the calculated CEER of variablespeed units relative to the CEER of
single-speed units. According to the
Joint Commenters, if the efficiency
metric fails to appropriately recognize
the full performance benefits of
variable-speed units, manufacturers will
have less incentive to adopt variablespeed technology. (ASAP, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at p. 16;
Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 2)
The test procedure in both appendix
CC and appendix CC1 accounts for the
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31115
cyclic losses for single-speed units (i.e.,
compressor cycling losses and fan
operation in off-cycle mode). The
cycling loss factor incorporated in the
cooling mode power calculation for both
appendix CC and appendix CC1
accounts for cycling losses due to the
compressor itself turning on and off.
The off-cycle mode power measurement
as a part of the annual energy consumed
in the denominator of the CEER and
AEER calculations accounts for the
energy used by the fan blower motor
with the compressor off (i.e., fan
operation during off-cycle mode). In the
CEER and AEER equations, these two
types of cycling losses are addressed,
with the cooling mode power as
adjusted with the cycling loss factor and
the off-cycle mode average power
multiplied by the relevant operating
hours to determine the total cooling
mode and off-cycle mode energy use,
which is considered along with the
energy use for all other modes measured
in the test procedure to calculate the
total energy consumed. In this way, both
CEER and AEER are fully representative
of the energy use differences between
single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs.
ASAP and the Joint Commenters
believe that as DOE’s test results
showed significant differences in CFs
across units (ranging from 76 to 86
percent), using a single CF for all single
speed units would fail to capture the
efficiency benefits of units with
improved cycling performance. ASAP
and the Joint Commenters therefore
proposed that DOE consider
establishing a conservative CF value and
allow manufacturers who demonstrate
improved performance under cycling
operation to measure and use a CF value
determined by testing. ASAP further
requested that DOE require
measurement of the CF in the test
procedure to improve
representativeness. (ASAP, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at p. 16;
Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 2)
Rice stated that DOE’s proposed
cycling loss factor of 0.82 appeared to be
derived using the load factor for dualduct portable ACs. Rice suggested that
different cycling loss factors should
therefore be used for the two different
ducting configurations because they also
have different load factors. According to
Rice, this new single-speed single-duct
portable AC cycling loss factor should
be 0.844. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 2)
While DOE agrees that it would be
most representative to test the cycling
loss factor for each individual unit, such
testing involves significant time and
technician expertise that would
represent a large test burden increase
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31116
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
that would not be outweighed by the
potential benefit of increased accuracy
in the cycling factor. To measure CFs for
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE performed
cyclic tests, which triggered singlespeed portable AC cycling by remotely
adjusting the setpoint of the test unit in
a cyclic pattern while it was in the test
chamber, simulating the behavior of the
unit when the room temperature reaches
the unit setpoint. Such a test required
an additional hour or more of test time
with the technician closely supervising
the test. Additionally, this cyclic test
procedure is not codified in any
industry standard. Further, the test did
not always produce results. In order to
conduct the test, the unit must be
controlled remotely from outside the
test chamber. One unit in DOE’s test
sample was unable to be controlled in
this way and so the test could not be
conducted. The June 2022 NOPR test
sample is representative of single-duct
portable ACs, including units from three
manufacturers and cooling capacities
ranging between 4,000 Btu/h and 10,000
Btu/h. While there is some variation in
the CFs measured during testing in
support of the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
maintains that using the average of the
measured CFs is the best approach to
produce a representative test procedure
in appendix CC and appendix CC1,
because it incorporates a representative
sample of portable ACs and represents
the only portable AC-specific cycling
loss data available to DOE. Furthermore,
this approach of using a universal
average cycling loss factor from these
data does not add any additional test
burden, which would be significant
should a cyclic test be performed for
each unit. Additionally, while
manufacturers may be able to mitigate
some effects of cycling losses, singlespeed portable ACs must cycle on and
off to maintain a given load, which
directly leads to cycling losses,
suggesting that while there may be some
differences in unit-specific CFs, it
would be appropriate to reflect cycling
losses inherent to all single-speed units
using a single representative CF in lieu
of overly burdensome and complex
cycling tests. Therefore, DOE maintains
that, for single-duct units, the average
CF of 0.82 derived from cyclic portable
AC testing conducted for the June 2022
NOPR is representative of efficiency
losses attributable to compressor
cycling, and DOE is therefore adopting
this factor for single-speed units in
appendix CC and appendix CC1.
To address comments from interested
parties suggesting that the proposed
cycling loss factors should reflect the
behavior of all portable AC
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
configurations, DOE completed
additional investigative testing on dualduct portable AC cycling loss factors.
This testing was conducted in the same
manner as the testing described in the
June 2022 NOPR: DOE performed cyclic
tests, which triggered single-speed
portable AC cycling by remotely
adjusting the setpoint of the test unit in
a cyclic pattern while it was in the test
chamber, simulating the behavior of the
unit when the room temperature reaches
the unit setpoint. DOE obtained cooling
capacity and power data for two dualduct units with test lengths of 10
minutes and 30 minutes. The relative
efficiency during cycling operation as a
percentage of efficiency during
continuous operation for dual-duct
portable ACs (i.e., the cycling loss
factors) observed from these tests are
summarized in Table III.2.
mode), which gives a higher cyclic
degradation result than in an energysaving mode. Rice therefore requested
that DOE clarify if the cyclic loss factors
were determined differently for the
portable AC versus room AC
applications and to provide a report on
the details of the lab cyclic testing for
both portable ACs and room ACs to best
document this work as reference points
for future investigations into cyclic loss
factors in both cool mode and energysaving mode for these products. (Rice,
No. 21 at p. 2)
As described previously and in the
June 2022 NOPR, DOE based the CFs for
this portable AC test procedure on
portable AC test data using a manual
cycling approach, independent of the
testing conducted for the recent room
AC rulemaking. Additionally, the room
AC cycling loss factor included fan
operation, which the portable AC CF
does not include because fan operation
TABLE III.2—TESTED CYCLING FACTORS FOR DUAL-DUCT PORTABLE is measured by the off-cycle mode test.
More information regarding the room
ACS
AC rulemaking, including test data and
discussion of the derivation of the
30
min
10
min
Test Length
(%)
(%)
cycling loss factor used for room ACs,
can be found in the room AC test
Unit 1 ................
72
76 procedure rulemaking docket.12
Unit 2 ................
80
81
In this final rule, DOE is accounting
for cycling losses in the amended
Combined Avg.
77
appendix CC using the test procedure
waiver approach, as previously
While the test sample is limited and
discussed. Based on DOE’s investigative
displays similar amounts of variance
testing and feedback from commenters,
between units as the single-duct
DOE is amending appendix CC to adopt
samples from the June 2022 NOPR, the
a CF of 0.82 and 0.77 for single-duct and
data show that on average, and
individually, the cycling loss factors for dual-duct units, respectively, when
calculating the performance of a
dual-duct portable ACs are lower than
theoretical comparable single-speed
those originally proposed in the June
unit.
2022 NOPR. Based on these data and
In the new appendix CC1, DOE
Rice’s explanation that the difference in
accounts for cycling losses directly in
loading factors should lead to a
difference in CFs, in this final rule DOE the single-speed portable AC CEER
calculation, using the same CF adopted
is adopting a CF of 0.77 for dual-duct
for appendix CC, 0.82 for single-duct
portable ACs and maintaining the
units and 0.77 for dual-duct units.
previously proposed CF of 0.82 for
single-duct portable ACs in appendix
g. Energy Efficiency Calculations
CC and appendix CC1, thereby
The current portable AC test
improving representativeness for both
portable AC configurations as compared procedure at appendix CC represents
efficiency using CEER, an efficiency
to the single CF specified in AHAM
metric calculated as the weighted
PAC–1–2022.
average of the condition-specific CEER
According to Rice, one would have
values, including the AEC in cooling
expected a larger cyclic degradation
mode, off-cycle mode, and off or
factor compared to that previously
inactive mode.
determined for single-speed room
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
11
ACs. Rice suggested that this may be
proposed to retain the existing appendix
due to the room AC cyclic loss
CC approach when determining singledetermination potentially being for
speed portable AC efficiency, but
continuous fan operation (i.e., ‘‘cool’’
proposed to amend appendix CC to
adopt the general approach from the LG
11 For room ACs, DOE defines a CF of 0.81 for the
lowest test condition (i.e., test condition 4), for
calculating the theoretical comparable single-speed
room AC adjusted combined energy efficiency ratio.
See section 5.3.8 of appendix F to subpart B.
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
12 The room AC test procedure docket is available
at www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2017-BT-TP0012.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver to
determine variable-speed portable AC
efficiency. The waiver approach
addresses the efficiency impacts of
single-speed compressor cycling using a
performance adjustment factor (‘‘PAF’’).
The PAF, which represents the average
performance improvement of the
variable-speed unit relative to a
theoretical comparable single-duct
single-speed unit at reduced operating
conditions, is applied to the measured
variable-speed unit efficiency. 87 FR
34934, 34951.
Additionally, in the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE proposed to add a new appendix
CC1 that directly accounts for cycling
losses in the efficiency ratings for all
portable AC configurations by using a
new efficiency metric, annual energy
efficiency ratio (AEER), that represents
efficiency as the total annual cooling
divided by the total annual energy
consumption (AEC), with single-speed
compressor losses and reduced cooling
at the low test condition all considered.
AHAM stated that DOE’s proposed
capacity calculation using a reduced
compressor speed configuration results
in a lower CEER for variable-speed
units. AHAM opposed DOE’s
compressor speed methodology and
recommended using AHAM PAC–1–
2022 Draft, which calculates CEER with
both high and low compressor speeds
for the low temperature conditions.
(AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 6–7)
While simply reducing the capacity
values used in the CEER or AEER
calculation without other changes to the
efficiency equations would inherently
reduce the calculated and rated
efficiency, DOE notes that the CEER and
AEER equations in appendix CC and
CC1, respectively, also consider the
power draw of variable-speed portable
ACs at these lower capacities.
Furthermore, using the capacity
measured with the full compressor
speed for the low test condition portion
of the efficiency equation would not be
representative of real-world operation.
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR
and in section III.B.7.b of this
document, DOE considers reduced
compressor speed operation to be
representative of variable-speed portable
AC operation when the outdoor
temperature is 83 °F, and AHAM has not
provided sufficient evidence to justify
the use of the full-speed operation as
part of a representative average period
of use, or what portion of the
representative period of use full-speed
operation would represent. Therefore,
DOE continues to conclude that reduced
compressor speed operation at the lower
outdoor temperature condition is
representative of average portable AC
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
use and should be the basis for the
CEER and AEER calculations.
AHAM stated that CEER calculations
for portable ACs should be treated in the
same fashion as similar products like
room and central ACs where full
compressor speed is considered at
multiple air conditions and therefore
should be updated accordingly by DOE.
(AHAM, No. 18 at p.7)
As discussed previously in section
III.B.6 of this section, DOE considers
amendments to address and improve the
representativeness of the test procedure,
as required by EPCA. (See 42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)) When considering amending
the portable AC test procedure to
account for variable-speed operation in
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE determined
that the most representative compressor
speed at the upper, 95 °F outdoor test
condition was full speed and the most
representative compressor speed at the
lower, 83 °F outdoor test condition was
low speed. 87 FR 34934, 34946–34947.
Similarly, the room AC test procedure
requires full compressor speed at the
two higher outdoor temperature
conditions and reduced compressor
speed at the two lower outdoor
temperature test conditions. The central
AC test procedure, however, does
include a full-load test at lowtemperature test conditions, but this
reflects the consumer usage patterns for
central ACs, which are likely different
than those for room ACs or portable
ACs, which occur over a wider range of
temperatures and a larger number of
hours. Therefore, DOE continues to
conclude that the CEER calculation for
portable ACs should use reduced
compressor speed measurements for
capacity and power when calculating
CEER in appendix CC.
The California IOUs supported DOE’s
proposal to change the efficiency metric
for portable ACs to AEER given the
differences in use and ducting between
portable ACs and similar products.
According to a recently survey
conducted by the California IOUs,13 47
percent of room AC owners use their
room ACs as the sole source of air
conditioning compared to 22 percent of
portable AC owners; all room AC
condenser inlets draw air from the
outside while only 13 percent of
portable AC condenser inlets use
outside air; 44 percent of portable AC
users use their unit every day or most
days compared to 67 percent of room
AC users; and 54 percent of portable AC
users are located in the West, while the
13 The full-length survey was provided to the
docket along with the comment from the California
IOUs and is available at www.regulations.gov/
comment/EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029-0020.
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31117
largest percentage of room AC users are
based in the Northeast (37 percent).
Based on the data obtained from their
recent survey, the California IOUs
estimated an average weekly usage of 53
percent for portable ACs and 69 percent
for room ACs, and suggested that these
differences support DOE’s decision not
to align the portable AC and room AC
test procedures and the proposal for the
new AEER metric for portable ACs,
clarifying to consumers that the
efficiency ratings for room ACs and
portable ACs are not comparable.
(California IOUs, No. 20 at pp. 2–6)
AHAM stated that the approach in
AHAM PAC–1–2022 Draft is
representative with no need to depart
from it and therefore urged DOE to
follow its stated policy of adopting
industry test procedures that satisfy
statutory conditions rather than
adopting a new efficiency metric that
would further confuse consumers with
respect to an appliance category that
already uses too many metrics. AHAM
added that SEER, CEER, and AEER are
not sufficiently distinctive to provide
meaningful information to the
consumer. AHAM opposed DOE’s
approach to calculating AEER and urged
DOE to continue using CEER as its
efficiency metric. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp.
8–9)
As discussed in section III.B.3.a of
this document, DOE considers many
parts of AHAM PAC–1–2022 to be
representative and is incorporating by
reference and generally adopting the
AHAM PAC–1–2022 test procedure in
appendix CC1. However, as also
discussed in section III.B.3.a, DOE
considers reduced compressor speed
operation to be most representative of
portable AC use at the low test
condition, based on the building load
calculation found in AHRI 210/240.
Therefore, DOE continues to conclude
that an efficiency metric using capacity
and power measurements must be based
on the reduced compressor speed test
configuration to calculate performance
at the 83 °F outdoor test configuration as
it is most representative and has
adopted this approach in appendix CC1.
In this final rule, DOE is adopting a new
AEER energy efficiency metric for
portable ACs in appendix CC1 to
replace the CEER metric and adding a
corresponding definition for the new
AEER efficiency metric. The AEER
metric generally aligns within the CEER
equation in AHAM PAC–1–2022 but
retains the low compressor speed
operation as representative of
performance at the low test condition.
Rice stated that as all the ACC values
ACC83 for single- and variable-speed
equipment are the net cyclic or reduced
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31118
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
speed values per appendix CC1, these
values should all be multiplied by the
same number of hours at 83 °F, which is
equal to the fractional hours at 83 °F
multiplied by 750 total hours, to give
the delivered cooling at that condition
in the numerator of the AEER equation.
(Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
DOE agrees that in appendix CC1, the
capacity calculated for the 83 °F test
condition, ACC83, should be multiplied
by the same number of hours for both
single-speed and variable-speed units in
the AEER equation, because ACC83
represents the rate of cooling provided
by both types of units at that test
condition, adjusted to account for the
reduced amount of cooling provided by
single-speed portable ACs due to cyclic
behavior. According to the new
appendix CC1 operating hours, DOE
expects that variable-speed portable ACs
operate in cooling mode for the entirety
of the 977 hours spent at the 83 °F test
condition, while single-speed units
spend 586 hours in cooling mode and
391 of these hours in off-cycle mode
when the outdoor temperature is 83 °F.
For single-speed units, ACC83 is
adjusted using a load factor to account
for time spent with the compressor off
in off-cycle mode due to cycling. For
variable-speed units, ACC83 reflects the
reduced compressor speed operation at
the low test condition, and therefore the
reduced cooling capacity of variablespeed compressors. Because ACC83
accounts for reduced cooling capacity
(i.e., for single-speed units, reflecting
the time spent in off-cycle mode; and for
variable-speed units, reflecting the
reduced cooling provided during time
spent at the low test condition), ACC83
should be multiplied by 977, the total
number of hours associated with
reduced cooling load operation (i.e., for
single-speed units, the total hours spent
in cooling mode at the reduced
temperature test condition and in offcycle mode; and for variable-speed
units, the total number of hours spent in
cooling mode at the reduced
temperature test condition).
Rice supported the use of AEER for
portable AC applications given the
potential for possible negative delivered
cooling fractions for portable ACs and
stated that in doing so, DOE seems to
acknowledge that the current weighting
factor method for CEER in appendix CC
is only an approximation of the
appropriate binned seasonal
performance calculation. Rice further
requested that manufacturers be
required to report AEER in any case as
AEER values can be used to estimate
annual energy use, while CEER values
cannot. In addition, Rice stated that
AEER does not incur the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
approximations to seasonal performance
of the existing weighting equations used
for CEER, and that reporting AEER
would allow consumers to make
appropriate accurate cost savings and
payback calculations for variable vs
single-speed portable AC units. (Rice,
No. 21 at pp. 2–3)
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE is retaining the CEER equation
from the LG Waiver and Midea Interim
Waiver alternative test procedures for
variable-speed units in appendix CC to
maintain compatibility with existing
standards. 87 FR 34934, 34944. While
DOE agrees that the AEER calculation is
the most representative way to calculate
portable AC efficiency, the CEER
calculation in the LG Waiver and Midea
Interim Waiver reasonably represents
the efficiency of a variable-speed
portable AC relative to a single-speed
portable AC and retains compatibility
with the existing energy conservation
standards. DOE is not amending the
certification or reporting requirements
for portable ACs in this final rule.
Instead, DOE may consider proposals to
amend the certification and reporting
requirements for portable ACs under a
separate rulemaking regarding appliance
certification.
h. Load-Based Testing
The existing DOE and industryaccepted standards for testing portable
ACs measure cooling capacity and
energy efficiency ratio when the
portable AC operates continuously at
fixed indoor and outdoor temperatures
and humidity conditions (i.e., a
constant-temperature test), using an air
enthalpy approach.14 In contrast, a loadbased test either fixes or varies the
amount of heat added to the indoor test
room by the reconditioning equipment,
while the indoor test room temperature
is permitted to change and is controlled
by the test unit according to its
thermostat setting.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
discussed the challenges associated
with load-based testing. In particular,
DOE discussed its continuing
expectation that a load-based test would
reduce repeatability and reproducibility
due to limitations in current test
chamber capabilities—namely, the lack
of specificity in industry standards
regarding chamber dimensions and
reconditioning equipment
characteristics, which would negatively
impact the representativeness of the
results and potentially be unduly
14 The air enthalpy approach entails measuring
the air flow rate, dry-bulb temperature, and water
vapor content of air at the inlet and outlet of the
portable AC.
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
burdensome. 87 FR 34934, 34953.
Recognizing that neither DOE nor
commenters had provided approaches
to mitigate these challenges, DOE did
not propose to amend the DOE test
procedures in appendix CC or appendix
CC1 to adopt a load-based testing
approach.
DOE received the following comments
in response to the June 2022 NOPR
regarding load-based testing.
The California IOUs supported DOE’s
proposed test procedure for variablespeed portable ACs by adjusting user
controls and low compressor speed
using manufacturer-provided
instructions based on the limitations of
using user controls to test performance
at low compressor speed. However, the
California IOUs requested that DOE
continue to assess load-based testing to
further improve the representativeness
of the test procedures. (California IOUs,
No. 20 at pp. 1–2)
The Joint Commenters expressed
concern that the test procedure may not
adequately represent the operation of
variable-speed units under part-load
conditions and believe that DOE should
strive to move away from ‘‘steady-state’’
testing and toward load-based testing
and approaches that would capture the
performance of variable-speed units
under unlocked native controls. (Joint
Commenters, No. 19 at pp. 2–3)
NEEA and NWPCC believe that loadbased testing would better reflect field
use and is necessary to capture the
impact of cycling and variable-speed
performance of a unit operating under
its onboard control logic. NEEA and
NWPCC further stated that as the
product performance of more complex
systems becomes increasingly
dependent on how well onboard logic
control is implemented, DOE should
evaluate and pursue load-based testing.
(NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 4)
Acknowledging the potential
advantages of load-based testing as
discussed in these comments, DOE
continues to recognize that neither DOE
nor commenters have identified
approaches to mitigate the specific
challenges associated with load-based
testing, which would reduce
repeatability and reproducibility.
Furthermore, DOE considers the test
procedures in appendix CC and
appendix CC1, as amended and adopted
in this final rule, as representative of
portable AC operation, addressing the
impacts of compressor cycling and
reduced capacity at low loads and the
relative efficiency benefits of variablespeed units, while maintaining
repeatability and reproducibility.
Therefore, DOE is not adopting a load-
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
based test approach in appendix CC or
appendix CC1 at this time.
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
i. Annual Energy Consumption
Calculation
In the June 2022 NOPR, in appendix
CC, DOE proposed to adopt the PAFbased approach from the LG Waiver and
Midea Interim Waiver to determine
variable-speed portable AC efficiency, a
weighted-average approach for the CEER
equation, and not to change the CEER
equation for single-speed portable ACs.
In appendix CC1, DOE proposed to
adopt a new efficiency metric, AEER, to
represent efficiency as the total annual
cooling divided by the total annual
energy consumption in the proposed
new appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934,
34952–34953.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
AHAM requested that DOE clarify the
proposed calculation involving cycling
losses in section 5.5.1 of appendix CC,
specifically P83Low. AHAM believes that
this power variable is meant to reflect
operation of a single-speed unit, which
can only operate at full compressor
speed, and therefore P83Low should be
P83Full. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 3)
DOE agrees with AHAM that the
power variable in the equation to
calculate the theoretical comparable
single-speed portable AC power at the
lower outdoor temperature condition
should read ‘‘P83Full’’ instead of
‘‘P83Low,’’ as the calculation utilizes the
full compressor speed performance of
the variable-speed test unit at the lower
test condition to estimate the
performance of a comparable singlespeed portable AC. DOE notes that the
June 2022 NOPR preamble discussion
correctly refers to the power measured
at test condition 2.B, and is correcting
the calculation in this final rule.
9. Heating Mode
In the previous portable AC
rulemaking, DOE did not establish an
efficiency metric for heating mode,
noting that available data suggest that
portable ACs are not used for heating
purposes for a substantial amount of
time. 81 FR 35241, 35257.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted
that no new data had been identified
that would allow DOE to draw a
different conclusion to the use of
portable ACs to provide heating and
thus, DOE requested comment on the
tentative determination not to establish
a heating mode efficiency metric in
appendix CC and the proposed new
appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34953.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
NYSERDA noted that portable ACs
offering heating capabilities are
becoming available on the market, as
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
suggested by the New York Housing
Authority’s partnership with New York
Power Authority to purchase 30,000
heat pump units through the Clean Heat
for All program, which provides
portable solutions for both heating and
cooling.15 NYSERDA urged DOE to take
steps to ensure that the portable AC
standard and test procedure address the
testing of heat mode to better capture all
the energy consumed by portable ACs
across both heating and cooling use
cases. (NYSERDA, No. 17 at pp. 1–2)
DOE recognizes that the market for
portable ACs that offer a heating
function is evolving and is expected to
expand as States and other jurisdictions
pursue building electrification
strategies. DOE notes, however, that it
currently lacks data and information
necessary to inform the development of
a test method that would produce test
results that reflect a representative
average use cycle or period of use for
the heating function of a portable AC.
Therefore, at this time, DOE is not
amending the portable AC test
procedure to include a measure of
heating performance. DOE welcomes
further information and data that could
be used to inform the future
development of a test method for the
heating function of portable ACs.
10. Air Circulation Mode
In air circulation mode, a portable AC
has activated only the fan or blower and
the compressor is off. Unlike off-cycle
mode, air circulation mode is consumerinitiated. Due to a lack of usage
information for this mode, in the June
2016 Final Rule DOE did not adopt
methods to measure or allocate annual
operating hours to air circulation mode.
81 FR 35241, 35257.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted
that due to a continued lack of relevant
consumer usage data regarding the userinitiated air circulation mode, DOE
could not determine typical operating
hours in air circulation mode.
Therefore, while appendix CC and the
proposed new appendix CC1 would
require testing in off-cycle mode, and
the energy use in that mode would be
considered part of the efficiency metric,
DOE did not propose a test for userinitiated air circulation mode. 87 FR
34934, 34953–34954.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE received no comments on its
tentative determination not to dedicate
distinct operating hours or testing to
user-initiated air circulation mode in
15 Further information regarding the Clean Heat
for All program can be found at www.nypa.gov/
news/press-releases/2021/20211220-decarbonize.
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31119
appendix CC and proposed new
appendix CC1.
In this final rule, DOE is not adopting,
as part of appendix CC or appendix
CC1, a measure of user-initiated air
circulation mode energy consumption
for portable ACs.
11. Dehumidification Mode
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
discussed a comment received in
response to the April 2021 RFI stating
that most portable ACs provide a
dehumidification feature and
recommending that DOE further
investigate its usage and consider
including dehumidification mode in an
updated test procedure. 86 FR 20044,
20051; 87 FR 34934, 34954.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted
that it was unaware of available
consumer use data regarding
dehumidification mode, and the
presence of a function is insufficient to
indicate the frequency of its use. Given
the lack of data, DOE was unable to
address dehumidification mode in a
representative manner and therefore
tentatively determined to not include
test procedure provisions regarding
dehumidification mode in either
appendix CC or the proposed new
appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34954.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
NEEA and NWPCC requested that DOE
collect dehumidification data for both
portable and window ACs for future
rulemakings regarding test procedure
provisions for a dehumidification mode.
(NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
DOE recognizes the potential benefit
that dehumidification mode
performance data could have for future
rulemakings and other industry
programs. However, given the lack of
consumer use data confirming the
prevalent use of dehumidification mode
for portable ACs, and the burden
associated with requiring reporting of
dehumidification performance, DOE has
determined that there is not sufficient
energy consumption in this mode to
justify the development of such a test at
this time.
Therefore, DOE is not adopting
dehumidification mode testing in
appendix CC or appendix CC1 at this
time.
12. Network Connectivity
Network connectivity implemented in
portable ACs can enable functions such
as providing real-time room temperature
conditions or receiving commands via a
remote user interface such as a
smartphone. Because DOE was unable
to establish a representative test
configuration for assessing the energy
consumption of network functionality
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31120
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
for portable ACs due to a lack of
consumer usage data, DOE proposed in
the June 2022 NOPR to specify in both
appendix CC and appendix CC1 that, if
a portable AC has network functions,
those network functions must be
disabled throughout testing if such
settings can be disabled by the end-user
and the product’s user manual provides
instructions on how to do so. If an enduser cannot disable the network
functions, or the product’s user manual
does not provide instruction for
disabling network settings, the unit is
tested with the network settings in the
factory default configuration for the
duration of the test. 87 FR 34934,
34954–34955.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE received the following comments
regarding network connectivity.
AHAM supported DOE’s proposal
regarding network functionality and
noted that AHAM PAC–1–2022 adopts
this provision. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 3)
ASAP and the Joint Commenters
requested that DOE test portable ACs
that have network connectivity
capabilities in their as-shipped
configuration to better reflect consumer
use and reduce test burden. The Joint
Commenters and NYSERDA asserted
that consumers are unlikely to adjust
this type of capability from the original
factory settings and therefore the
proposal to turn off network functions
does not reflect consumer use. The Joint
Commenters further stated that such a
provision would increase the
representativeness of the test procedure
and can easily be integrated into the test
procedure with no expected test burden
added. (ASAP, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 16 at pp. 27–28; Joint
Commenters, No. 19 at p. 3; NYSERDA,
No. 17 at p. 3)
NYSERDA encouraged DOE to
incorporate network connectivity in the
portable AC test procedure by requiring
that connectivity be activated during
testing to capture the energy used while
accessing the connectivity circuitry.
(NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 3)
DOE appreciates the comments
regarding default settings and
recognizes the prevalence of such
features as they enter the market and
their potential use in the future.
However, as discussed in the June 2022
NOPR, DOE is not aware of any data
reflecting consumer usage data for
network connectivity of portable ACs,
nor did interested parties provide any
such data. Without these data, DOE is
unable to establish a representative test
configuration for assessing the energy
consumption of network connectivity
features for portable ACs. Therefore, due
to a lack of data and to harmonize with
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
industry standards, DOE maintains its
proposal to test portable ACs with
network functions disabled, if possible,
unless they cannot be disabled, in
which case the portable AC would be
tested with network functions in the
factory default configuration.
13. Infiltration Air, Duct Heat Transfer,
and Case Heat Transfer
The portable AC test procedure
accounts for the effects of heat transfer
from two sources: (1) infiltration of
outdoor air into the conditioned space
(i.e., ‘‘infiltration air’’) and (2) heat
leakage through the duct surface to the
conditioned space (i.e., ‘‘duct heat
transfer’’). In the June 2016 Final Rule,
DOE considered the effects of heat
transfer through the outer chassis of the
portable AC to the conditioned space
(i.e., ‘‘case heat transfer’’) but did not
adopt provisions accounting for case
heat transfer.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
tentatively determined to continue to
exclude case heat transfer from the
portable AC test procedure both in
appendix CC and appendix CC1 because
DOE had no data indicating that the
impacts of case heat transfer had
become more significant since the time
the supporting analysis was conducted.
DOE also proposed to maintain the
incorporation of the energy impacts of
infiltration air and duct heat transfer in
the portable AC test procedure. 87 FR
34934, 34955.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE received the following comments
regarding the energy impacts of case
heat transfer in appendix CC and
appendix CC1.
NEEA and NWPCC supported DOE in
retaining the energy impacts of
infiltration air and duct heat transfer
and further stated support for including
case heat transfer impacts. (NEEA and
NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
The Joint Commenters encouraged
DOE to include a measurement of heat
losses through the unit casing to better
represent the capacity of portable ACs
by adopting the approach DOE proposed
in a NOPR published in February 2015
as part of the previous test procedure
rulemaking, which required additional
instrumentation to measure surface
temperature. (Joint Commenters, No. 19
at p. 3)
In the June 2016 Final Rule, DOE
concluded that case heat transfer had a
minimal impact on the cooling capacity
of portable ACs and did not include a
measurement of case heat transfer in
appendix CC because the test burdens
outweighed the benefit of addressing the
case heat transfer. 81 FR 35242, 35254–
35255. DOE reached this conclusion
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
using test data, gathered in support of
the supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking that DOE published for
portable AC test procedures on
November 27, 2015, that showed the
case heat transfer was 1.76 percent of
the total portable AC cooling capacity
on average. 80 FR 74020, 74030. As
noted in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE is
not aware of, and has not been
provided, any additional data to suggest
that case heat transfer is a significant
enough form of heat loss that would
justify the burden associated with the
measurement approach discussed in the
previous test procedure rulemaking. 87
FR 34934, 34955. Therefore, DOE
maintains its determination to not adopt
a measure of case heat transfer in
appendix CC and appendix CC1.
C. Representations of Energy Efficiency
Manufacturers, including importers,
must use product-specific test
procedures in 10 CFR part 430 and
sampling and rounding requirements in
10 CFR part 429 to determine the
represented values of energy
consumption or energy efficiency of a
basic model. In the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE proposed to include rounding
instructions consistent with those in
Table 1 of AHAM PAC–1–2022 in 10
CFR 429.62 when representing the
energy efficiency of a basic model tested
using appendix CC1.
DOE received no comments regarding
the proposal to add rounding
requirements consistent with AHAM
PAC–1–2022 when certifying using
appendix CC1 in 10 CFR 429.62. In this
final rule, DOE adopts these rounding
requirements as proposed in the June
2022 NOPR.
As discussed in section III.B.8.d of
this document, in this final rule DOE is
adopting a new capacity metric for
variable-speed portable ACs in
appendix CC, SACCFull, which
calculates capacity using full
compressor speed performance at the
lower test condition, to facilitate
consumer comparisons between singlespeed and variable-speed portable ACs.
As noted in that section, the SACCFull
metric allows consumers to easily
compare the capacities of variable-speed
and single-speed portable ACs and
maintains compatibility with the
existing portable AC standards, which
are calculated based on single-speed
SACC.
Accordingly, to ensure proper
representation of capacity for variablespeed portable ACs, in this final rule
DOE is adopting an additional
instructional note in 10 CFR 429(a)
requiring that SACCFull, as determined
in accordance with appendix CC, shall
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
be used as the basis for representations
of capacity for variable-speed portable
ACs, whereas SACC, as determined in
accordance with appendix CC, shall be
the basis for representations of capacity
for single-speed portable ACs.
D. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
EPCA requires that test procedures
proposed by DOE not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)) The following sections
discuss DOE’s evaluation of estimated
costs associated with the amendments
to the test procedure.
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
a. Appendix CC
DOE is amending appendix CC to
account for energy use of variable-speed
portable ACs per a modified version of
the test method applied in the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver. As
discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, the
LG Waiver uses manufacturer
instructions to achieve a fixed full
compressor speed, but DOE is amending
appendix CC to require the use of
consumer settings and a setpoint of 75
°F to do so. This modification would not
require testing at additional conditions
or increase the test time per test, as
compared to the LG Waiver. As such,
DOE has determined that the cost per
test under appendix CC as amended by
this final rule would be the same as the
cost when using the alternate test
procedure specified in the LG Waiver.
The amendments adopted for
appendix CC in this final rule would
require LG and Midea to both re-certify
all of their variable-speed portable AC
models that are currently subject to
testing using the LG Waiver and Midea
Interim Waiver, respectively. Midea
would need to determine SACCFull by
testing with the full compressor speed at
the 83 °F test condition, and to recalculate CEER using the new CF. LG
would additionally need to re-test its
variable-speed portable ACs subject to
the LG Waiver at the full compressor
speed at the 95 °F test condition if the
full compressor speed measured under
appendix CC differs from the full
compressor speed measured using the
LG Waiver procedure. Therefore, the
amendment regarding use of consumer
settings to achieve the full compressor
speed may alter the measured energy
efficiency for LG and Midea’s affected
portable ACs. Because of the change to
the measured energy use, LG and Midea
may not be able to rely on data
generated under the test procedure
waiver that was in effect prior to the
amendments in this final rule.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
b. Appendix CC1
DOE is adopting a new appendix CC1
consistent with AHAM PAC–1–2022
with modifications. For single-speed
portable ACs, AHAM PAC–1–2022 uses
the same test conditions as the current
appendix CC. DOE is adopting a
modification to that approach for singlespeed portable ACs, however, to apply
a load-based capacity adjustment factor
to better represent delivered cooling at
the low test condition. DOE is also
adopting different CFs for single-duct
and dual-duct portable ACs. This
approach diverges from AHAM PAC–1–
2022, which currently implements a
single CF for all single-speed portable
AC configurations. These differences in
considering single-speed reduced
capacity and cycling losses when
operating at the low test condition
inherently result in different overall
capacity and efficiency equations for
single-speed portable ACs. However, the
cost to perform a single-speed portable
AC test is estimated to be the same
between the appendix CC1 and AHAM
PAC–1–2022 approaches.
For variable-speed portable ACs,
AHAM PAC–1–2022 uses the existing
temperature conditions while requiring
an additional test configuration that
measures performance with full
compressor speed at the low
temperature test condition, as well as
low compressor speed at the low
temperature test condition. As
discussed in this final rule, DOE is
adopting the low compressor speed test
configuration at the low temperature
test condition in appendix CC1, but is
not adopting the full compressor speed
at the low temperature test condition
test due to lack of information regarding
representativeness of such a test.
Appendix CC1, consistent with AHAM
PAC–1–2022, updates the efficiency
calculation to improve
representativeness, albeit with slight
modifications to remove consideration
of full compressor operation at the low
temperature test condition. The cost to
conduct appendix CC1 testing for a
variable-speed portable AC is expected
to be significantly less than that of
AHAM PAC–1–2022, given the
reduction in the number of tests from
three total cooling mode test runs to two
cooling mode tests runs per unit.
DOE is not requiring testing in
accordance with appendix CC1 unless
and until the compliance date of any
future amended energy conservation
standards that are based on appendix
CC1. At that time, manufacturers would
have to re-test all basic models currently
certified based on testing under
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31121
appendix CC and re-certify them based
on testing under appendix CC1.
2. Harmonization With Industry
Standards
DOE’s established practice is to adopt
relevant industry standards as DOE test
procedures unless such methodology
would be unduly burdensome to
conduct or would not produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency,
energy use, water use (as specified in
EPCA) or estimated operating costs of
that product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. (See
section 8(c) of appendix A of 10 CFR
part 430 subpart C.) When the industry
standard does not meet EPCA statutory
criteria for test procedures, DOE will
establish a test procedure reflecting
modifications to these standards
through the rulemaking process.
As discussed, appendices CC and CC1
incorporate by reference ANSI/AHAM
PAC–1–2015, AHAM PAC–1–2022,
ASHRAE 37–2009, IEC Standard 62301,
ASHRAE 41.1–1986, ASHRAE 41.6–
1994, and ANSI/AMCA 210, with
modifications. The industry standards
DOE is incorporating by reference are
discussed in further detail in section
IV.N of this document.
E. Compliance Date and Waivers
The effective date for the adopted test
procedure amendment will be 30 days
after publication of this final rule in the
Federal Register. EPCA prescribes that
all representations of energy efficiency
and energy use, including those made
on marketing materials and product
labels, must be made in accordance with
an amended test procedure, beginning
180 days after publication of the final
rule in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2)) EPCA provides an allowance
for individual manufacturers to petition
DOE for an extension of the 180-day
period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.) To the extent the
modified test procedure adopted in this
final rule is required only for the
evaluation and issuance of updated
efficiency standards, compliance with
the amended test procedure does not
require use of such modified test
procedure provisions until the
compliance date of updated standards.
Upon the compliance date of test
procedure provisions in this final rule,
any waivers that had been previously
issued and are in effect that pertain to
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31122
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
issues addressed by such provisions are
terminated. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3).
Recipients of any such waivers are
required to test the products subject to
the waiver according to the amended
test procedure as of the compliance date
of the amended test procedure. The
amendments adopted in this document
pertain to issues addressed by the
waiver granted to LG and the interim
waiver granted to Midea.16
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders
12866, 13563, and 14094
Executive Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866,
‘‘Regulatory Planning and Review,’’ as
supplemented and reaffirmed by E.O.
13563, ‘‘Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review,’’ 76 FR 3821 (Jan.
21, 2011) and E.O. 14094, ‘‘Modernizing
Regulatory Review,’’ 88 FR 21879 (April
11, 2023), requires agencies, to the
extent permitted by law, to (1) propose
or adopt a regulation only upon a
reasoned determination that its benefits
justify its costs (recognizing that some
benefits and costs are difficult to
quantify); (2) tailor regulations to
impose the least burden on society,
consistent with obtaining regulatory
objectives, taking into account, among
other things, and to the extent
practicable, the costs of cumulative
regulations; (3) select, in choosing
among alternative regulatory
approaches, those approaches that
maximize net benefits (including
potential economic, environmental,
public health and safety, and other
advantages; distributive impacts; and
equity); (4) to the extent feasible, specify
performance objectives, rather than
specifying the behavior or manner of
compliance that regulated entities must
adopt; and (5) identify and assess
available alternatives to direct
regulation, including providing
economic incentives to encourage the
desired behavior, such as user fees or
marketable permits, or providing
information upon which choices can be
made by the public. DOE emphasizes as
well that E.O. 13563 requires agencies to
use the best available techniques to
quantify anticipated present and future
benefits and costs as accurately as
possible. In its guidance, the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in the Office of Management
and Budget (‘‘OMB’’) has emphasized
that such techniques may include
identifying changing future compliance
costs that might result from
16 Case No. 2018–004 included the LG Waiver;
Case No. Case No. 2020–006 included the Midea
Interim Waiver.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
technological innovation or anticipated
behavioral changes. For the reasons
stated in the preamble, this final
regulatory action is consistent with
these principles.
Section 6(a) of E.O. 12866 also
requires agencies to submit ‘‘significant
regulatory actions’’ to OIRA for review.
OIRA has determined that this final
regulatory action does not constitute a
‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under
section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. Accordingly,
this action was not submitted to OIRA
for review under E.O. 12866.
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of a final regulatory flexibility analysis
(FRFA) for any final rule where the
agency was first required by law to
publish a proposed rule for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: www.energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this final rule under
the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19,
2003. DOE has concluded that this rule
would not have a significant impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
The factual basis for this certification is
as follows:
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section shall be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle (as determined by the
Secretary) or period of use and shall not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every seven years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including portable ACs, to
determine whether amended test
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
DOE is publishing this final rule in
satisfaction of the seven-year review
requirement specified in EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
In this final rule, DOE amends 10 CFR
429.4, ‘‘Materials incorporated by
reference’’ and 10 CFR 429.62, ‘‘Portable
air conditioners’’ as follows:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM
PAC–1–2022, ‘‘Portable Air
Conditioners’’ (‘‘AHAM PAC–1–2022’’),
which includes an industry-accepted
method for testing variable-speed
portable ACs, in 10 CFR 429.4; and
(2) Add rounding instructions for the
SACC and the new energy efficiency
metric, annualized energy efficiency
ratio (‘‘AEER’’), in 10 CFR 429.62.
In this final rule, DOE also updates 10
CFR 430.2, ‘‘Definitions’’ and 10 CFR
430.23, ‘‘Test procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption’’ as follows:
(1) Adds a definition for the term
‘‘combined-duct portable air
conditioner’’ to 10 CFR 430.2; and
(2) Adds requirements to determine
estimated annual operating cost for
single-duct and dual-duct variablespeed portable ACs in 10 CFR 430.23.
In this final rule, DOE also amends
appendix CC as follows:
(1) Add definitions in section 2 for
‘‘combined-duct,’’ ‘‘single-speed,’’
‘‘variable-speed,’’ ‘‘full compressor
speed (full),’’ ‘‘low compressor speed
(low),’’ ‘‘theoretical comparable singlespeed,’’ and ‘‘seasonally adjusted
cooling capacity, full;’’
(2) Divide section 4.1 into two
sections, 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, for singlespeed and variable-speed portable ACs,
respectively, and detail configurationspecific cooling mode testing
requirements for variable-speed portable
ACs;
(3) Add a requirement in section 4.1.2
that, for variable-speed portable ACs,
the full compressor speed at the 95 °F
test condition be achieved with user
controls, and the low compressor speed
at the 83 °F test condition be achieved
with manufacturer-provided settings or
controls;
(4) Add cycling factors (‘‘CFs’’) in
section 5.5.1, 0.82 for single-duct units
and 0.77 for dual-duct units;
(5) Add a requirement to calculate
SACC with full compressor speed at the
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
95 °F test condition and low compressor
speed at the 83 °F test condition in
sections 5.1 and 5.2, consistent with the
LG Waiver and the Midea Interim
Waiver, with an additional requirement
for variable-speed portable ACs to
represent SACC with full compressor
speed for both test conditions; and
(6) Add a requirement in section 3.1.2
that if a portable AC has network
functions, all network functions must be
disabled throughout testing if such
settings can be disabled by the end-user
and the product’s user manual provides
instructions on how to do so. If the
network functions cannot be disabled by
the end-user, or the product’s user
manual does not provide instructions
for disabling network settings, test the
unit with the network settings in the
factory-default configuration for the
duration of the test.
In this final rule, DOE additionally
adopts a new appendix CC1, ‘‘10 CFR
Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part 430,
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners,’’ which, compared to
appendix CC in this final rule:
(1) Incorporates by reference parts of
the updated version of the AHAM
standard, AHAM PAC–1–2022, which
includes an industry-accepted method
for testing portable ACs;
(2) Adopts a new efficiency metric,
AEER, in place of the CEER metric, to
calculate more representatively the
efficiency of both variable-speed and
single-speed portable ACs;
(3) Amends the annual operating
hours;
(4) Updates the SACC equation for
both single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs;
(5) Applies cycling factors (‘‘CFs’’) to
single-speed portable AC efficiency,
0.82 for single-duct units and 0.77 for
dual-duct units; and
Testing in accordance with the new
appendix CC1 would not be required
until such time as compliance is
required with any amended energy
conservation standards based on the
new appendix CC1.
The Small Business Administration
(‘‘SBA’’) considers a business entity to
be a small business if, together with its
affiliates, it employs less than the
threshold number of workers specified
in 13 CFR part 121. DOE used SBA’s
small business size standards to
determine whether any small entities
would be subject to the requirements of
the rule. These size standards and codes
are established by the North American
Industry Classification System
(‘‘NAICS’’) and are available at
www.sba.gov/document/support-tablesize-standards. Portable ACs are
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
classified under NAICS 333415, ‘‘AirConditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and
Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing.’’ The SBA sets a
threshold of 1,250 employees or fewer
for an entity to be considered as a small
business for this category.
DOE did not receive any comments
that specifically addressed impacts on
small businesses or that were provided
in response to the initial regulatory
flexibility analysis.
DOE used the California Energy
Commission’s Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System
(‘‘MAEDbS’’) 17 to create a list of
companies in the United States that sell
portable ACs covered by this
rulemaking. DOE consulted publicly
available data, such as manufacturer
websites, manufacturer specifications
and product literature, import and
export logs, and basic model numbers to
identify original equipment
manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’) of the products
covered by this rulemaking. DOE relied
on public data and subscription-based
market research tools (e.g., Dun &
Bradstreet reports) 18 to determine
company location, headcount, and
annual revenue. DOE screened out
companies that do not offer products
covered by this rulemaking, do not meet
the SBA’s definition of a ‘‘small
business,’’ or are foreign-owned and
operated.
DOE identified 20 portable AC OEMs.
DOE did not identify any domestic
OEMs that qualify as a ‘‘small
business.’’
Given the lack of small entities with
a direct compliance burden, DOE
concludes that the cost effects accruing
from the final rule would not have a
‘‘significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities,’’
and that the preparation of a FRFA is
not warranted. DOE has submitted a
certification and supporting statement
of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration for review under 5
U.S.C. 605(b).
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of portable ACs must
certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
17 California Energy Commission’s Modernized
Appliance Efficiency Database System. Available at
cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/
AdvancedSearch.aspx (last accessed December 11,
2022).
18 The Dun & Bradstreet Hoovers subscription
login is available online at app.dnbhoovers.com/
(last accessed December 12, 2022).
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31123
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including portable ACs. (See generally
10 CFR part 429.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(PRA). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
DOE is not amending the certification
or reporting requirements for portable
ACs in this final rule. Instead, DOE may
consider proposals to amend the
certification requirements and reporting
for portable ACs under a separate
rulemaking regarding appliance and
equipment certification. DOE will
address changes to OMB Control
Number 1910–1400 at that time, as
necessary.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE establishes test
procedure amendments that it expects
will be used to develop and implement
future energy conservation standards for
portable ACs. DOE has determined that
this final rule falls into a class of actions
that are categorically excluded from
review under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE’s
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part
1021. Specifically, DOE has determined
that adopting test procedures for
measuring energy efficiency of
consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities
identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6.
Accordingly, neither an environmental
assessment nor an environmental
impact statement is required.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31124
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (August 4, 1999), imposes
certain requirements on agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE examined this final rule
and determined that it will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on
the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
final rule. States can petition DOE for
exemption from such preemption to the
extent, and based on criteria, set forth in
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order
13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity; (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation; (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction; (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately
defines key terms; and (6) addresses
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, this final rule
meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
regulatory action resulting in a rule that
may cause the expenditure by State,
local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of
$100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section
202 of UMRA requires a Federal agency
to publish a written statement that
estimates the resulting costs, benefits,
and other effects on the national
economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The
UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit
timely input by elected officers of State,
local, and Tribal governments on a
proposed ‘‘significant intergovernmental
mandate,’’ and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for
timely input to potentially affected
small governments before establishing
any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. On March 18, 1997, DOE
published a statement of policy on its
process for intergovernmental
consultation under UMRA. 62 FR
12820; also available at
www.energy.gov/gc/office-generalcounsel. DOE examined this final rule
according to UMRA and its statement of
policy and determined that the rule
contains neither an intergovernmental
mandate, nor a mandate that may result
in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements
do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
that may affect family well-being. This
final rule will not have any impact on
the autonomy or integrity of the family
as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to
prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights,’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this regulation
will not result in any takings that might
require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant to OMB
Memorandum M–19–15, Improving
Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE
published updated guidelines, which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/
prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final
%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines
%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this final rule under the OMB
and DOE guidelines and has concluded
that it is consistent with applicable
policies in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
significant energy action. A ‘‘significant
energy action’’ is defined as any action
by an agency that promulgated or is
expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that (1) is a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order
12866, or any successor order; and (2)
is likely to have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the
Administrator of OIRA as a significant
energy action. For any significant energy
action, the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use if the
regulation is implemented, and of
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
reasonable alternatives to the action and
their expected benefits on energy
supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a
significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as
a significant energy action by the
Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is
not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The modifications to the test
procedure for portable ACs adopted in
this final rule incorporate testing
methods contained in certain sections of
the following commercial standards:
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015, AHAM
PAC–1–2022, ASHRAE 37–2009, ANSI/
AMCA 210, ASHRAE 41.1–1986, ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.6–1994, and IEC 62301.
DOE has evaluated these standards and
is unable to conclude whether they fully
comply with the requirements of section
32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether they
were developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review). DOE has
consulted with both the Attorney
General and the Chairman of the FTC
about the impact on competition of
using the methods contained in these
standards and has received no
comments objecting to their use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will
report to Congress on the promulgation
of this rule before its effective date. The
report will state that it has been
determined that the rule is not a ‘‘major
rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
N. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
AHAM PAC–1–2022 is an industryaccepted test procedure that measures
portable AC performance in cooling
mode in a more representative manner
than the previous iteration, ANSI/
AHAM PAC–1–2015, and is applicable
to products sold in North America.
AHAM PAC–1–2022 specifies testing
conducted in accordance with other
industry-accepted test procedures and
determines energy efficiency metrics for
various portable AC configurations and
compressor types (i.e., single-speed and
variable-speed). Specifically, the
appendix CC1 test procedure codified
by this final rule references AHAM
PAC–1–2022 for testing portable ACs.
AHAM PAC–1–2022 is reasonably
available from AHAM (www.aham.org/
AHAM/AuxStore).
ASHRAE 37–2009 is an industryaccepted test standard referenced by
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015 and AHAM
PAC–1–2022 that defines various
uniform methods for measuring
performance of air conditioning and
heat pump equipment. Although ANSI/
AHAM PAC–1–2015 and AHAM PAC–
1–2022 reference a number of sections
in ASHRAE 37–2009, the appendix CC1
test procedure established in this final
rule additionally references one section
in ASHRAE 37–2009 that addresses test
duration.
ANSI/AMCA 210 is an industryaccepted test standard referenced by
ASHRAE 37–2009 that defines methods
for measuring the characteristics of air
flow.
ASHRAE 41.1–1986 is an industryaccepted test standard referenced by
ASHRAE 37–2009 that defines a
standard method for measuring
temperature.
ASHRAE 41.6–1994 is an industryaccepted test standard referenced by
ASHRAE 37–2009 that defines a
standard method for measuring moist
air properties, including humidity and
wet-bulb temperature.
These standards are all reasonably
available from ASHRAE
(www.ashrae.org), except for ANSI/
AMCA 210, which is readily available
from AMCA International at
www.amca.org.
IEC 62301 is an industry-accepted test
standard that sets a standardized
method to measure the standby power
of household and similar electrical
appliances. IEC 62301 includes details
regarding test set-up, test conditions,
and stability requirements that are
necessary to ensure consistent and
repeatable standby mode and off mode
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31125
test results. IEC 62301 is reasonably
available from IEC at webstore.iec.ch/.
The following standards are already
approved for the sections/appendices
where they appear in the regulatory text:
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015.
V. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this final rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Small
businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on May 1, 2023, by
Francisco Alejandro Moreno, Acting
Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department
of Energy, pursuant to delegated
authority from the Secretary of Energy.
That document with the original
signature and date is maintained by
DOE. For administrative purposes only,
and in compliance with requirements of
the Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register
Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in
electronic format for publication, as an
official document of the Department of
Energy. This administrative process in
no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on May 3, 2023.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE amends parts 429 and
430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of
Federal Regulations as set forth below:
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31126
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Section 429.4 is amended by adding
paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows:
■
§ 429.4 Materials incorporated by
reference.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(3) AHAM PAC–1–2022, Energy
Measurement Test Procedure for
Portable Air Conditioners, Copyright
2022. IBR approved for § 429.62.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 429.62 is amended by:
■ a. Redesignating paragraphs (a)(3)
through (5) as paragraphs (a)(4) through
(6);
■ b. Adding new paragraph (a)(3); and
■ c. Revising newly redesignated
paragraphs (a)(4) and (5).
The addition and revisions read as
follows:
§ 429.62
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
*
*
*
*
(a) * * *
(3) When testing in accordance with
appendix CC of subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter, the represented value of
cooling capacity for a single-speed
portable AC shall be seasonally adjusted
cooling capacity (‘‘SACC’’) and the
represented value of cooling capacity for
a variable-speed portable AC shall be
full-load seasonally adjusted cooling
capacity (‘‘SACCFull’’), as determined in
appendix CC to subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter. When testing in
accordance with appendix CC1 to
subpart B of part 430 of this chapter, the
represented value of cooling capacity for
both single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs shall be SACC, as
determined in appendix CC1 to subpart
B of part 430 of this chapter.
(4) Where SACC is used for
representation, the represented value of
SACC of a basic model must be the
mean of the SACC for each tested unit
of the basic model. Likewise, where
SACCFull is used for representation, the
represented value of SACCFull of a basic
model must be the mean of the SACCFull
for each tested unit of the basic model.
When using appendix CC to subpart B
of part 430 of this chapter, round the
mean SACC or SACCFull value to the
nearest 50, 100, 200, or 500 Btu/h,
depending on the magnitude of the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
3. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
■
Portable air conditioners.
*
calculated SACC or SACCFull, as
applicable, in accordance with Table 1
of ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015,
(incorporated by reference, see § 429.4),
‘‘Multiples for reporting Dual Duct
Cooling Capacity, Single Duct Cooling
Capacity, Spot Cooling Capacity, Water
Cooled Condenser Capacity and Power
Input Ratings’’. When using appendix
CC1 to subpart B of part 430 of this
chapter, round SACC to the nearest 50,
100, 200, or 500 Btu/h, depending on
the magnitude of the calculated SACC,
in accordance with Table 1 of AHAM
PAC–1–2022, (incorporated by
reference, see § 429.4), ‘‘Multiples for
reporting Dual Duct Cooling Capacity,
Single Duct Cooling Capacity, Spot
Cooling Capacity, Water Cooled
Condenser Capacity and Power Input
Ratings’’.
(5) The represented value of
combined energy efficiency ratio or
annualized energy efficiency ratio of a
basic model must be rounded to the
nearest 0.1 Btu/Wh.
*
*
*
*
*
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
4. Section 430.2 is amended by
adding, in alphabetical order, the
definition for ‘‘Combined-duct portable
air conditioner’’ to read as follows:
■
§ 430.2
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Combined-duct portable air
conditioner means a portable air
conditioner for which condenser inlet
and outlet air streams flow through
separate ducts housed in a single duct
structure.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 5. Amend § 430.3 by:
■ a. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(1)
through (5) as (b)(2) through (6) and
adding new paragraph (b)(1);
■ b. Revising paragraphs (g)(3) and (5);
■ c. Redesignating paragraphs (g)(11)
through (19) as paragraphs (g)(12)
through (20);
■ d. Adding new paragraph (g)(11);
■ e. Redesignating paragraph (i)(9) as
(i)(10);
■ f. Adding new paragraph (i)(9);
■ g. In paragraph (q)(6), removing the
text ‘‘CC, EE’’ and adding, in its place,
the text ‘‘CC, CC1, EE’’; and
■ h. Removing note 2 to paragraph (q).
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
§ 430.3 Materials incorporated by
reference.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(1) ANSI/AMCA 210–99, Laboratory
Methods of Testing Fans for
Aerodynamic Performance Rating,
ANSI-approved December 2, 1999; IBR
approved for appendices CC and CC1 to
subpart B. (Co-published as ANSI/
ASHRAE 51–1999.)
*
*
*
*
*
(g) * * *
(3) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009
(‘‘ASHRAE 37–2009’’), Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven
Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat
Pump Equipment, ANSI-approved June
25, 2009; IBR approved for appendices
AA, CC, and CC1 to subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
(5) ASHRAE 41.1–1986 (Reaffirmed
2006) (‘‘ASHRAE 41.1–1986’’), Standard
Method for Temperature Measurement,
approved February 18, 1987; IBR
approved for appendices E, AA, CC, and
CC1 to subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
(11) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6–
1994 (RA 2006) (‘‘ASHRAE 41.6–1994’’),
Standard Method for Measurement of
Moist Air Properties, ANSI-reaffirmed
January 27, 2006; IBR approved for
appendices CC and CC1 to subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
(i) * * *
(9) AHAM PAC–1–2022, Energy
Measurement Test Procedure for
Portable Air Conditioners, Copyright
2022; IBR approved for appendix CC1 to
subpart B of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 6. Section 430.23 is amended by
revising paragraph (dd) to read as
follows:
§ 430.23 Test procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption.
*
*
*
*
*
(dd) Portable air conditioners.
(1) When using appendix CC to this
subpart, measure the seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity (‘‘SACC’’) in
British thermal units per hour (Btu/h),
and the combined energy efficiency
ratio, in British thermal units per watthour (Btu/Wh) in accordance with
sections 5.2 and 5.4 of appendix CC to
this subpart, respectively. When using
appendix CC1 to this subpart, measure
the SACC in Btu/h, and the combined
energy efficiency ratio, in Btu/Wh in
accordance with sections 5.2 and 5.4,
respectively, of appendix CC1 to this
subpart.
(2) When using appendix CC to this
subpart, determine the estimated annual
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
operating cost for portable air
conditioners, in dollars per year and
rounded to the nearest whole number,
by multiplying a representative average
unit cost of electrical energy in dollars
per kilowatt-hour as provided by the
Secretary by the total annual energy
consumption (‘‘AEC’’), determined as
follows:
(i) For dual-duct single-speed portable
air conditioners, the sum of AECDD_95
multiplied by 0.2, AECDD_83 multiplied
by 0.8, and AECT as measured in
accordance with section 5.3 of appendix
CC to this subpart.
(ii) For single-duct single-speed
portable air conditioners, the sum of
AECSD and AECT as measured in
accordance with section 5.3 of appendix
CC to this subpart.
(iii) For dual-duct variable-speed
portable air conditioners the overall
sum of
(A) The sum of AECDD_95_Full and
AECia/om, multiplied by 0.2, and
(B) The sum of AECDD_83_Low and
AECia/om, multiplied by 0.8, as measured
in accordance with section 5.3 of
appendix CC to this subpart.
(iv) For single-duct variable-speed
portable air conditioners, the overall
sum of
(A) The sum of AECSD_Full and
AECia/om, multiplied by 0.2, and
(B) The sum of AECSD_Low and
AECia/om, multiplied by 0.8, as measured
in accordance with section 5.3 of
appendix CC to this subpart.
(3) When using appendix CC1 to this
subpart, determine the estimated annual
operating cost for portable air
conditioners, in dollars per year and
rounded to the nearest whole number,
by multiplying a representative average
unit cost of electrical energy in dollars
per kilowatt-hour as provided by the
Secretary by the total AEC. The total
AEC is the sum of AEC95, AEC83, AECoc,
and AECia, as measured in accordance
with section 5.3 of appendix CC1 to this
subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 7. Appendix CC to subpart B of part
430 is amended by:
■ a. Adding an introductory note;
■ b. Adding section 0;
■ c. Revising sections 2, 3.1.1, 3.1.1.1,
3.1.1.6, 3.1.2, 3.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.3,
4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.3;
■ d. In sections 3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.4, and 4.3,
removing the text ‘‘(incorporated by
reference; see § 430.3)’’;
■ e. Adding sections 4.1.3 and 4.1.4; and
■ f. Revising sections 5.
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Appendix CC to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of
testing under this appendix to determine
compliance with the relevant standards for
portable air conditioners at § 430.32(cc) with
which compliance is required as of January
10, 2025. Specifically, before November 13,
2023 representations must be based upon
results generated either under this appendix
or under this appendix CC as it appeared in
the 10 CFR parts 200–499 edition revised as
of January 1, 2021. Any representations made
on or after November 13, 2023 but before the
compliance date of any amended standards
for portable ACs must be made based upon
results generated using this appendix.
Manufacturers must use the results of
testing under appendix CC1 to this subpart
to determine compliance with any standards
that amend the portable air conditioners
standard at § 430.32(cc) with which
compliance is required on January 10, 2025
and that use the Annualized Energy
Efficiency Ratio (AEER) metric. Any
representations related to energy also must be
made in accordance with the appendix that
applies (i.e., this appendix or appendix CC1)
when determining compliance with the
relevant standard. Manufacturers may also
use appendix CC1 to certify compliance with
any amended standards prior to the
applicable compliance date for those
standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3
the entire standard for ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–
2015, ANSI/AMCA 210–99, ASHRAE 37–
2009, ASHRAE 41.1–1986, ASHRAE 41.6–
1994, and IEC 62301; however, only
enumerated provisions of ANSI/AHAM
PAC–1–2015, ANSI/AMCA 210–99, ASHRAE
37–2009, and IEC 62301 apply to this
appendix CC as follows. Treat ‘‘should’’ in
IEC 62301 as mandatory. When there is a
conflict, the language of this appendix takes
precedence over those documents.
0.1 ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015
(a) Section 4 ‘‘Definitions,’’ as specified in
section 3.1.1 of this appendix, except for
AHAM’s definition for ‘‘Portable Air
Conditioner’’;
(b) Section 7 ‘‘Tests,’’ as specified in
sections 3.1.1, 3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.4, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2
of this appendix.
0.2 ANSI/AMCA 210–99 (‘‘ANSI/AMCA
210’’)
(a) Figure 12 ‘‘Outlet chamber Setup—
Multiple Nozzles in Chamber’’ as specified in
section 4.1.1 of this appendix;
(b) Figure 12 Notes as specified in section
4.1.1 of this appendix.
0.3 ASHRAE 37–2009
(a) Section 5.4 ‘‘Electrical Instruments,’’ as
specified in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this
appendix;
(b) Section 7.3 ‘‘Indoor and Outdoor Air
Enthalpy Methods,’’ as specified in sections
4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31127
(c) Section 7.6 ‘‘Outdoor Liquid Coil
Method,’’ as specified in sections 4.1.1 and
4.1.2 of this appendix;
(d) Section 7.7 ‘‘Airflow Rate
Measurement,’’ as specified in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(e) Section 8.7 ‘‘Test Procedure for Cooling
Capacity Tests,’’ as specified in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(f) Section 9.2 ‘‘Test Tolerances,’’ as
specified in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this
appendix;
(g) Section 11.1 ‘‘Symbols Used In
Equations,’’ as specified in sections 4.1.1 and
4.1.2 of this appendix.
0.4 IEC 62301
(a) Paragraph 4.2 ‘‘Test room,’’ as specified
in section 3.2.4 of this appendix;
(b) Paragraph 4.3.2 ‘‘Supply voltage
waveform,’’ as specified in section 3.2.2.2 of
this appendix;
(c) Paragraph 4.4 ‘‘Power measuring
instruments,’’ as specified in section 3.2.3 of
this appendix;
(d) Paragraph 5.1, ‘‘General,’’ Note 1, as
specified in section 4.3 of this appendix;
(e) Paragraph 5.2 ‘‘Preparation of product,’’
as specified in section 3.2.1 of this appendix;
(f) Paragraph 5.3.2 ‘‘Sampling method,’’ as
specified in section 4.3 of this appendix;
(g) Annex D, ‘‘Determination of
Uncertainty of Measurement,’’ as specified in
sections 3.2.1, 3.2.2.2, and 3.2.3 of this
appendix.
*
*
*
*
*
2. Definitions
Combined-duct means the condenser inlet
and outlet air streams flow through separate
ducts housed in a single duct structure.
Combined energy efficiency ratio means
the energy efficiency of a portable air
conditioner as measured in accordance with
this test procedure in Btu per watt-hours
(Btu/Wh) and determined in section 5.4 of
this appendix.
Cooling mode means a mode in which a
portable air conditioner either has activated
the main cooling function according to the
thermostat or temperature sensor signal,
including activating the refrigeration system,
or has activated the fan or blower without
activating the refrigeration system.
Dual-duct means drawing some or all of
the condenser inlet air from outside the
conditioned space through a duct attached to
an adjustable window bracket, potentially
drawing additional condenser inlet air from
the conditioned space, and discharging the
condenser outlet air outside the conditioned
space by means of a separate duct attached
to an adjustable window bracket.
Full compressor speed (full) means the
compressor speed at which the unit operates
at full load test conditions, when using user
controls with a unit thermostat setpoint of 75
°F to achieve maximum cooling capacity.
Inactive mode means a standby mode that
facilitates the activation of an active mode or
off-cycle mode by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer, or
that provides continuous status display.
Low compressor speed (low) means the
compressor speed specified by the
manufacturer, at which the unit operates at
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31128
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
low load test conditions (i.e., Test Condition
C and Test Condition E in Table 2 of this
appendix, for a dual-duct and single-duct
portable air conditioner, respectively), such
that the measured cooling capacity at this
speed is no less than 50 percent and no
greater than 60 percent of the measured
cooling capacity with the full compressor
speed at full load test conditioners (i.e., Test
Condition A and Test Condition C in Table
2 of this appendix, for a dual-duct and singleduct portable air conditioner, respectively).
Off-cycle mode means a mode in which a
portable air conditioner:
(a) Has cycled off its main cooling or
heating function by thermostat or
temperature sensor signal;
(b) May or may not operate its fan or
blower; and
(c) Will reactivate the main function
according to the thermostat or temperature
sensor signal.
Off mode means a mode that may persist
for an indefinite time in which a portable air
conditioner is connected to a mains power
source, and is not providing any active mode,
off-cycle mode, or standby mode function.
This includes an indicator that only shows
the user that the portable air conditioner is
in the off position.
Seasonally adjusted cooling capacity
means the amount of cooling provided to the
indoor conditioned space, measured under
the specified ambient conditions, in Btu/h,
Seasonally adjusted cooling capacity, full
means the amount of cooling provided to the
indoor conditions space, measured under the
specified ambient conditions when the unit
compressor is operating at full speed at each
condition, in Btu/h.
Single-duct means drawing all of the
condenser inlet air from the conditioned
space without the means of a duct, and
discharging the condenser outlet air outside
the conditioned space through a single duct
attached to an adjustable window bracket.
Single-speed means incapable of
automatically adjusting the compressor speed
based on detected conditions.
Standby mode means any mode where a
portable air conditioner is connected to a
mains power source and offers one or more
of the following user-oriented or protective
functions which may persist for an indefinite
time:
(a) To facilitate the activation of other
modes (including activation or deactivation
of cooling mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer; or
(b) Continuous functions, including
information or status displays (including
clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is
a continuous clock function (which may or
may not be associated with a display) that
provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g.,
switching) and that operates on a continuous
basis.
Theoretical comparable single-speed
means a hypothetical single-speed unit that
would have the same cooling capacity and
electrical power input as the variable-speed
unit under test, with no cycling losses
considered, when operating with the full
compressor speed and at the test conditions
in Table 1 of this appendix.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Variable-speed means capable of
automatically adjusting the compressor speed
based on detected conditions.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1 * * *
3.1.1 Test conduct. The test apparatus
and instructions for testing portable air
conditioners in cooling mode and off-cycle
mode must conform to the requirements
specified in section 4, ‘‘Definitions’’ and
section 7, ‘‘Tests,’’ of ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–
2015, except as otherwise specified in this
appendix. Measure duct heat transfer and
infiltration air heat transfer according to
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix,
respectively.
3.1.1.1 Duct setup. Use all ducting
components provided by or required by the
manufacturer and no others. Ducting
components include ducts, connectors for
attaching the duct(s) to the test unit, sealing,
insulation, and window mounting fixtures.
Do not apply additional sealing or insulation.
For combined-duct units, the manufacturer
must provide the testing facility an adapter
that allows for the individual connection of
the condenser inlet and outlet airflows to the
test facility’s airflow measuring apparatuses.
Use that adapter to measure the condenser
inlet and outlet airflows for any
corresponding unit.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.1.6 Duct temperature measurements.
Install any insulation and sealing provided
by the manufacturer. For a dual-duct or
single-duct unit, adhere four thermocouples
per duct, spaced along the entire length
equally, to the outer surface of the duct.
Measure the surface temperatures of each
duct. For a combined-duct unit, adhere
sixteen thermocouples to the outer surface of
the duct, spaced evenly around the
circumference (four thermocouples, each 90
degrees apart, radially) and down the entire
length of the duct (four sets of four
thermocouples, evenly spaced along the
entire length of the duct), ensuring that the
thermocouples are spaced along the entire
length equally, on the surface of the
combined duct. Place at least one
thermocouple preferably adjacent to, but
otherwise as close as possible to, the
condenser inlet aperture and at least one
thermocouple on the duct surface preferably
adjacent to, but otherwise as close as possible
to, the condenser outlet aperture. Measure
the surface temperature of the combined duct
at each thermocouple. Temperature
measurements must have an error no greater
than ±0.5 °F over the range being measured.
3.1.2 Control settings. For a single-speed
unit, set the controls to the lowest available
temperature setpoint for cooling mode, as
described in section 4.1.1 of this appendix.
For a variable-speed unit, set the thermostat
setpoint to 75 °F to achieve the full
compressor speed and use the manufacturer
instructions to achieve the low compressor
speed, as described in section 4.1.2 of this
appendix. If the portable air conditioner has
a user-adjustable fan speed, select the
maximum fan speed setting. If the unit has
an automatic louver oscillation feature and
there is an option to disable that feature,
disable that feature throughout testing. If the
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
unit has adjustable louvers, position the
louvers parallel with the air flow to
maximize air flow and minimize static
pressure loss. If the portable air conditioner
has network functions, that an end-user can
disable and the product’s user manual
provides instructions on how to do so,
disable all network functions throughout
testing. If an end-user cannot disable a
network function or the product’s user
manual does not provide instruction for
disabling a network function, test the unit
with that network function in the factory
default configuration for the duration of the
test.
*
*
*
*
*
3.2 Standby Mode and Off Mode
3.2.1 Installation requirements. For the
standby mode and off mode testing, install
the portable air conditioner in accordance
with Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301, referring to
Annex D of that standard as necessary.
Disregard the provisions regarding batteries
and the determination, classification, and
testing of relevant modes.
*
*
*
*
*
3.2.2.2 Supply voltage waveform. For the
standby mode and off mode testing, maintain
the electrical supply voltage waveform
indicated in, Paragraph 4.3.2 of IEC 62301,
referring to Annex D of that standard as
necessary.
3.2.3 Standby mode and off mode
wattmeter. The wattmeter used to measure
standby mode and off mode power
consumption must meet the requirements
specified in Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301,
using a two-tailed confidence interval and
referring to Annex D of that standard as
necessary.
4. * * *
4.1 Cooling Mode
Note: For the purposes of this cooling
mode test procedure, evaporator inlet air is
considered the ‘‘indoor air’’ of the
conditioned space and condenser inlet air is
considered the ‘‘outdoor air’’ outside of the
conditioned space.
4.1.1 Single-Speed Cooling Mode Test.
For single-speed portable air conditioners,
measure the indoor room cooling capacity
and overall power input in cooling mode in
accordance with sections 7.1.b and 7.1.c of
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015, respectively,
including the references to sections 5.4, 7.3,
7.6, 7.7, and 11 of ASHRAE 37–2009.
Determine the test duration in accordance
with section 8.7 of ASHRAE 37–2009,
including the reference to section 9.2 of the
same standard, referring to Figure 12 and the
Figure 12 Notes of ANSI/AMCA 210 to
determine placement of static pressure taps,
and including references to ASHRAE 41.1–
1986 and ASHRAE 41.6–1994. Disregard the
test conditions in Table 3 of ANSI/AHAM
PAC–1–2015. Instead, apply the test
conditions for single-duct and dual-duct
portable air conditioners presented in Table
1 of this appendix. For single-duct units,
measure the indoor room cooling capacity,
CapacitySD, and overall power input in
cooling mode, PSD, in accordance with the
ambient conditions for test condition 1.C,
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31129
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
presented in Table 1 of this appendix. For
dual-duct units, measure the indoor room
cooling capacity and overall power input
twice, first in accordance with ambient
conditions for test condition 1.A (Capacity95,
P95), and then in accordance with test
condition 1.B (Capacity83, P83), both
presented in Table 1 of this appendix. For the
remainder of this test procedure, test
combined-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners following any instruction for
dual-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners, unless otherwise specified.
TABLE 1—SINGLE-SPEED EVAPORATOR (INDOOR) AND CONDENSER (OUTDOOR) INLET TEST CONDITIONS
Evaporator inlet air, °F (°C)
Test condition
Dry bulb
1.A ....................................................................................................................
1.B ....................................................................................................................
1.C ...................................................................................................................
4.1.2 Variable-Speed Cooling Mode Test.
For variable-speed portable air conditioners,
measure the indoor room cooling capacity
and overall power input in cooling mode in
accordance with sections 7.1.b and 7.1.c of
ANSI/AHAM PAC–1–2015, respectively,
including the references to sections 5.4, 7.3,
7.6, 7.7, and 11 of ASHRAE 37–2009, except
as detailed below. Determine the test
duration in accordance with section 8.7 of
ASHRAE 37–2009, including the reference to
section 9.2 of the same standard. Disregard
the test conditions in Table 3 of ANSI/AHAM
PAC–1–2015. Instead, apply the test
conditions for single-duct and dual-duct
portable air conditioners presented in Table
Condenser inlet air, °F (°C)
Wet bulb
80 (26.7)
80 (26.7)
80 (26.7)
Dry bulb
67 (19.4)
67 (19.4)
67 (19.4)
2 of this appendix. For a single-duct unit,
measure the indoor room cooling capacity
and overall power input in cooling mode
twice, first in accordance with the ambient
conditions and compressor speed settings for
test condition 2.D (CapacitySD_Full, PSD_Full),
and then in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test condition 2.E
(CapacitySD_Low, PSD_Low), both presented in
Table 2 of this appendix. For dual-duct units,
measure the indoor room cooling capacity
and overall power input three times, first in
accordance with ambient conditions for test
condition 2.A (Capacity95_Full, P95_Full),
second in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test condition 2.B
95 (35.0)
83 (28.3)
80 (26.7)
Wet bulb
75 (23.9)
67.5 (19.7)
67 (19.4)
(Capacity83_Full, P83_Full), and third in
accordance with the ambient conditions for
test condition 2.C (Capacity83_Low, P83_Low),
each presented in Table 2 of this appendix.
For the remainder of this test procedure, test
combined-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners following any instruction for
dual-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners, unless otherwise specified. For
test conditions 2.A, 2.B, and 2.D, achieve the
full compressor speed with user controls, as
defined in section 2.13 of this appendix. For
test conditions 2.C and 2.E, set the required
compressor speed in accordance with
instructions the manufacturer provided to
DOE.
TABLE 2—VARIABLE-SPEED EVAPORATOR (INDOOR) AND CONDENSER (OUTDOOR) INLET TEST CONDITIONS
Test condition
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
2.A
2.B
2.C
2.D
2.E
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Evaporator inlet air °F (°C)
Condenser inlet air °F (°C)
Dry bulb
Wet bulb
Dry bulb
80
80
80
80
80
67
67
67
67
67
95
83
83
80
80
4.1.3. Duct Heat Transfer
Throughout the cooling mode test, measure
the surface temperature of the condenser
exhaust duct and condenser inlet duct, where
applicable. Calculate the average temperature
at each thermocouple placement location.
Then calculate the average surface
temperature of each duct. For single-duct and
dual-duct units, calculate the average of the
four average temperature measurements
taken on the duct. For combined-duct units,
calculate the average of the sixteen average
temperature measurements taken on the duct.
Calculate the surface area (Aduct_j) of each
duct according to:
Aduct_j = Cj × Lj
Where:
Cj = the circumference of duct ‘‘j’’, including
any manufacturer-supplied insulation,
measured by wrapping a flexible
measuring tape, or equivalent, around
the outside of a combined duct, making
sure the tape is on the outermost ridges
or, alternatively, if the duct has a circular
cross-section, by multiplying the outer
diameter by 3.14.
Lj = the extended length of duct ‘‘j’’ while
under test.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
(26.7)
(26.7)
(26.7)
(26.7)
(26.7)
(19.4)
(19.4)
(19.4)
(19.4)
(19.4)
(35.0)
(28.3)
(28.3)
(26.7)
(26.7)
75
67.5
67.5
67
67
j represents the condenser exhaust duct for
single-duct units, the condenser exhaust
duct and the condenser inlet duct for
dual-duct units, and the combined duct
for combined-duct units.
Calculate the total heat transferred from the
surface of the duct(s) to the indoor
conditioned space while operating in cooling
mode at each test condition, as follows:
For single-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners:
Qduct_SD = 3 × Aduct_j × (Tduct_j¥Tei)
For dual-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners:
Qduct_DD_95 = Sj{3 × Aduct_j × (Tduct_95_j¥Tei)}
Qduct_DD_83 = Sj{3 × Aduct_j × (Tduct_83_j¥Tei)}
For single-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners:
Qduct_SD_Full = 3 × Aduct × (Tduct_Full_j¥Tei)
Qduct_SD_Low = 3 × Aduct × (Tduct_Low_j¥Tei)
For dual-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners:
Qduct_DD_95_Full = Sj{3 × Aduct_j ×
(Tduct_Full_95_j¥Tei)}
Qduct_DD_83_Full = Sj{3 × Aduct_j ×
(Tduct_Full_83_j¥Tei)}
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
Compressor speed
Wet bulb
(23.9)
(19.7)
(19.7)
(19.4)
(19.4)
Full.
Full.
Low.
Full.
Low.
Qduct_DD_83_Low = Sj{3 × Aduct_j ×
(Tduct_Low_83_j—Tei)}
Where:
Qduct_SD = the total heat transferred from the
duct to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode, in Btu/h, when tested at
Test Condition 1.C.
Qduct_DD_95 and Qduct_DD_83 = the total heat
transferred from the ducts to the indoor
conditioned space in cooling mode, in
Btu/h, when tested at Test Conditions
1.A and 1.B, respectively.
Qduct_SD_Full and Qduct_SD_Low = the total heat
transferred from the duct to the indoor
conditioned space in cooling mode, in
Btu/h, when tested at Test Conditions
2.D and 2.E, respectively.
Qduct_DD_95_Full, Qduct_DD_83_Full, and
Qduct_DD_83_Low = the total heat
transferred from the ducts to the indoor
conditioned space in cooling mode, in
Btu/h, when tested at Test Condition
2.A, Test Condition 2.B, and Test
Condition 2.C, respectively.
3 = empirically-derived convection
coefficient in Btu/h per square foot per
°F.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
31130
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
Aduct_j = surface area of the duct ‘‘j’’, as
calculated in this section, in square feet.
Tduct_j = average surface temperature for duct
‘‘j’’ of single-duct single-speed portable
air conditioners, in °F, as measured at
Test Condition 1.C.
Tduct_95_j and Tduct_83_j = average surface
temperature for duct ‘‘j’’ of dual-duct
single-speed portable air conditioners, in
°F, as measured at Test Conditions 1.A
and 1.B, respectively.
Tduct_Full_j and Tduct_Low_j = average surface
temperature for duct ‘‘j’’ of single-duct
variable-speed portable air conditioners,
in °F, as measured at Test Conditions 2.D
and 2.E, respectively.
Tduct_Full_95_j, Tduct_Full_83_j, and Tduct_Low_83_j
= average surface temperature for duct
‘‘j’’ of dual-duct variable-speed portable
air conditioners, in °F, as measured at
Test Conditions 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C,
respectively.
j represents the condenser exhaust duct for
single-duct units, the condenser exhaust
duct and the condenser inlet duct for
dual-duct units, and the combined duct
for combined-duct units.
Tei = average evaporator inlet air dry-bulb
temperature, as measured in section 4.1
of this appendix, in °F.
4.1.4. Infiltration Air Heat Transfer.
Calculate the sample unit’s heat
contribution from infiltration air into the
conditioned space for each cooling mode test
as follows:
Calculate the dry air mass flow rate of
infiltration air, which affects the sensible and
latent components of heat contribution from
infiltration air, according to the following
equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
condenser outlet air, in cubic feet per
minute (cfm), as measured at Test
Conditions 1.C, 2.D, 2.E, 1.A, 1.B, 2.A,
2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as required in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
Vci_95, Vci_83, Vci_95_Full, Vci_83_Full, and
Vci_83_Low = average volumetric flow rate
of the condenser inlet air, in cfm, as
measured at Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B,
2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as
required in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of
this appendix.
rco_SD, rco_SD_Full, rco_SD_Low, rco_95, rco_83,
rco_95_Full, rco_83_Full, and rco_83_Low =
average density of the condenser outlet
air, in pounds mass per cubic foot (lbm/
ft3), as measured at Test Conditions 1.C,
2.D, 2.E, 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C,
respectively, as required in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
rci_95, rci_83, rci_95_Full, rci_83_Full, and
rci_83_Low = average density of the
condenser inlet air, in lbm/ft3, as
measured at Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B,
2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as
required in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of
this appendix.
wco_SD, wco_SD_Full, wco_SD_Low, wco_95, wco_83,
wco_95_Full, wco_83_Full, and wco_83_Low =
average humidity ratio of condenser
outlet air, in pounds mass of water vapor
per pounds mass of dry air (lbw/lbda), as
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.003</GPH>
ER15MY23.001</GPH> ER15MY23.002</GPH>
Where:
˙ SD_Full, and m
˙ SD_Low = dry air mass
˙ SD, m
m
flow rate of infiltration air for single-duct
portable air conditioners, in pounds per
minute (lb/m) when tested at Test
Conditions 1.C, 2.D, and 2.E,
respectively.
˙ 83, m
˙ 95_Full, m
˙ 83_Full, and m
˙ 83_Low = dry
˙ 95, m
m
air mass flow rate of infiltration air for
dual-duct portable air conditioners, in
lb/m, when tested at Test Conditions
1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively.
Vco_SD, Vco_SD_Full, Vco_SD_Low, Vco_95, Vco_83,
Vco_95_Full, Vco_83_Full, and Vco_83_Low =
average volumetric flow rate of the
ER15MY23.000</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
measured at Test Conditions 1.C, 2.D,
2.E, 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C,
respectively, as required in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
wci_95, wci_83, wci_95_Full, wci_83_Full, and
wci_83_Low = average humidity ratio of
condenser inlet air, in lbw/lbda, as
measured at Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B,
2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as
required in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of
this appendix.
Calculate the sensible component of
infiltration air heat contribution according to
the following equations.
For single-duct single-speed units:
˙ SD × 60 × [cp_da × (95¥80) +
Qs_SD_95 = m
(cp_wv × (0.0141 × 95 ¥ 0.0112 × 80))]
˙ SD × 60 × [(cp_da × (83 ¥ 80) +
Qs_SD_83 = m
(cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112 × 80))]
For dual-duct single-speed units:
˙ 95 × 60 × [cp_da × (95 ¥ 80) +
Qs_DD_95 = m
(cp_wv × (0.0141 × 95 ¥ 0.0112 × 80))]
˙ 83 × 60 × [(cp_da × (83 ¥ 80) +
Qs_DD_83 = m
(cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112 × 80))]
For single-duct variable-speed units:
˙ SD_Full × 60 × [cp_da × (95 ¥
Qs_SD_95_Full = m
80) + (cp_wv × (0.0141 × 95 ¥ 0.0112 ×
80))]
˙ SD_Full × 60 × [(cp_da × (83 ¥
Qs_SD_83_Full = m
80) + (cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112 ×
80))]
˙ SD_Low × 60 × [(cp_da × (83
Qs_SD_83_Low = m
¥ 80) + (cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112
× 80))]
For dual-duct variable-speed units:
˙ 95_Full × 60 × [cp_da × (95 ¥
Qs_DD_95_Full = m
80) + (cp_wv × (0.0141 × 95 ¥ 0.0112 ×
80))]
˙ 83_Full × 60 × [(cp_da × (83 ¥
Qs_DD_83_Full = m
80) + (cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112 ×
80))]
˙ 83_Low × 60 × [(cp_da × (83
Qs_DD_83_Low = m
¥ 80) + (cp_wv × (0.01086 × 83 ¥ 0.0112
× 80))]
Where:
Qs_SD_95, Qs_SD_83, Qs_DD_95, and Qs_DD_83 =
sensible heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration and temperature condition.
Qs_SD_95_Full, Qs_SD_83_Full, Qs_SD_83_Low,
Qs_DD_95_Full, Qs_DD_83_Full, and
Qs_DD_83_Low = sensible heat added to the
room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for
each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
˙ SD, m
˙ 95, and m
˙ 83 = dry air mass flow rate
m
of infiltration air for single-speed
portable air conditioners, in lb/m, as
calculated in section 4.1.4 of this
appendix.
˙ SD_95_Full, m
˙ SD_83_Low, m
˙ 95_Full and m
˙ 83_Low
m
= dry air mass flow rate of infiltration air
for variable-speed portable air
conditioners, in lb/m, as calculated in
section 4.1.4 of this appendix.
cp_da = specific heat of dry air, 0.24 Btu/(lbm
°F).
cp_wv = specific heat of water vapor, 0.444
Btu/(lbm °F).
80 = indoor chamber dry-bulb temperature,
in °F.
95 = infiltration air dry-bulb temperature for
Test Conditions 1.A and 2.A, in °F.
83 = infiltration air dry-bulb temperature for
Test Conditions 1.B, 2.B, and 2.C, in °F.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
0.0141 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb
infiltration air for Test Conditions 1.A
and 2.A, in lbw/lbda.
0.01086 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb
infiltration air for Test Conditions 1.B,
2.B, and 2.C, in lbw/lbda.
0.0112 = humidity ratio of the indoor
chamber air, in lbw/lbda (windoor).
60 = conversion factor from minutes to hours.
Calculate the latent heat contribution of the
infiltration air according to the following
equations. For a single-duct single-speed
unit:
˙ SD × 60 × 1061 × (0.0141 ¥
Ql_SD_95 = m
0.0112)
˙ SD × 60 × 1061 × (0.01086 ¥
Ql_SD_83 = m
0.0112)
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
˙ 95 × 60 × 1061 × (0.0141 ¥
Ql_DD_95 = m
0.0112)
˙ 83 × 60 × 1061 × (0.01086 ¥
Ql_DD_83 = m
0.0112)
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
˙ SD_Full × 60 × 1061 × (0.0141
Ql_SD_95_Full = m
¥ 0.0112)
˙ SD_Full × 60 × 1061 × (0.01086
Ql_SD_83_Full = m
¥ 0.0112)
˙ SD_Low × 60 × 1061 ×
Ql_SD_83_Low = m
(0.01086 ¥ 0.0112)
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
˙ 95_Full × 60 × 1061 × (0.0141
Ql_DD_95_Full = m
¥ 0.0112)
˙ 83_Full × 60 × 1061 × (0.01086
Ql_DD_83_Full = m
¥ 0.0112)
˙ 83_Low × 60 × 1061 ×
Ql_DD_83_Low = m
(0.01086 ¥ 0.0112)
Where:
Ql_SD_95, Ql_SD_83, Ql_DD_95, and Ql_DD_83 =
latent heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration and temperature condition.
Ql_SD_95_Full, Ql_SD_83_Full, Ql_SD_Low,
Ql_DD_95_Full, Ql_DD_83_Full, and
Ql_DD_83_Low = latent heat added to the
room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for
each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
˙ SD, m
˙ 95, and m
˙ 83 = dry air mass flow rate
m
of infiltration air for portable air
conditioners, in lb/m, when tested at
Test Conditions 1.C, 1.A, and 1.B,
respectively, as calculated in section
4.1.4 of this appendix.
˙ SD_Full, m
˙ SD_Low, m
˙ 95_Full, m
˙ 83_Full and
m
˙ 83_Low = dry air mass flow rate of
m
infiltration air for portable air
conditioners, in lb/m, when tested at
Test Conditions 2.D, 2.E, 2.A, 2.B, and
2.C, respectively, as calculated in section
4.1.4 of this appendix.
1061 = latent heat of vaporization for water
vapor, in Btu/lbm (Hfg).
0.0141 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb
infiltration air for Test Conditions 1.A
and 2.A, in lbw/lbda.
0.01086 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb
infiltration air for Test Conditions 1.B,
2.B, and 2.C, in lbw/lbda.
0.0112 = humidity ratio of the indoor
chamber air, in lbw/lbda.
60 = conversion factor from minutes to hours.
Calculate the total heat contribution of the
infiltration air at each test condition by
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
31131
adding the sensible and latent heat according
to the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_SD_95 = Qs_SD_95 + Ql_SD_95
Qinfiltration_SD_83 = Qs_SD_83 + Ql_SD_83
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_DD_95 = Qs_DD_95 + Ql_DD_95
Qinfiltration_DD_83 = Qs_DD_83 + Ql_DD_83
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full = Qs_SD_95_Full +
Ql_SD_95_Full
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full = Qs_SD_83_Full +
Ql_SD_83_Full
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low = Qs_SD_83_Low +
Ql_SD_83_Low
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full = Qs_DD_95_Full +
Ql_DD_95_Full
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full = Qs_DD_83_Full +
Ql_DD_83_Full
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = Qs_DD_83_Low +
Ql_DD_83_Low
Where:
Qinfiltration_SD_95, Qinfiltration_SD_83,
Qinfiltration_DD_95, Qinfiltration_DD_83 = total
infiltration air heat in cooling mode, in
Btu/h, for each duct configuration and
temperature condition.
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full, Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low, Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full, and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = total infiltration air
heat in cooling mode, in Btu/h, for each
duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
Qs_SD_95, Qs_SD_83, Qs_DD_95, and Qs_DD_83 =
sensible heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, temperature condition,
and compressor speed.
Qs_SD_95_Full, Qs_SD_83_Full, Qs_SD_83_Low,
Qs_DD_95_Full, Qs_DD_83_Full, and
Qs_DD_83_Low = sensible heat added to the
room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for
each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
Ql_SD_95, Ql_SD_83, Ql_DD_95, and Ql_DD_83 =
latent heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, and temperature
condition.
Ql_SD_95_Full, Ql_SD_83_Full, Ql_SD_83_Low,
Ql_DD_95_Full, Ql_DD_83_Full, and
Ql_DD_83_Low = latent heat added to the
room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for
each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
*
*
*
*
*
4.3 Standby mode and off mode. Establish
the testing conditions set forth in section 3.2
of this appendix, ensuring that the unit does
not enter any active modes during the test.
As discussed in Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC
62301, allow sufficient time for the unit to
reach the lowest power state before
proceeding with the test measurement.
Follow the test procedure specified in
Paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC 62301 for testing in
each possible mode as described in sections
4.3.1 and 4.3.2 of this appendix. If the
standby mode is cyclic and irregular or
unstable, collect 10 cycles worth of data.
*
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
*
*
15MYR2
*
*
31132
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements
5.1 Adjusted Cooling Capacity
5.1.1 Single-Speed Adjusted Cooling
Capacity. For a single-speed portable air
conditioner, calculate the adjusted cooling
capacity at each outdoor temperature
operating condition, in Btu/h, according to
the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed portable air
conditioner unit:
ACCSD_95_SS = CapacitySD ¥ Qduct_SD ¥
Qinflitration_SD_95
ACCSD_83_SS = CapacitySD ¥ Qduct_SD ¥
Qinflitration_SD_83
For a dual-duct single-speed portable air
conditioner unit:
ACCDD_95_SS = Capacity95 ¥ Qduct_DD_95 ¥
Qinflitration_DD_95
ACCDD_83_SS = Capacity83 ¥ Qduct_DD_83 ¥
Qinflitration_DD_83
CapacitySD, Capacity95, and Capacity83 =
cooling capacity for each duct
configuration or temperature condition
measured in section 4.1.1 of this
appendix.
Qduct_SD, Qduct_DD_95, and Qduct_DD_83 = duct
heat transfer for each duct configuration
or temperature condition while operating
in cooling mode, calculated in section
4.1.3 of this appendix.
Qinfiltration_SD_95, Qinfiltration_SD_83,
Qinfiltration_DD_95, Qinfiltration_DD_83 = total
infiltration air heat transfer in cooling
mode for each duct configuration and
temperature condition, calculated in
section 4.1.4 of this appendix.
5.1.2 Variable-Speed Adjusted Cooling
Capacity. For variable-speed portable air
conditioners, calculate the adjusted cooling
capacity at each outdoor temperature
operating condition, in Btu/h, according to
the following equations:
For a single-duct variable-speed portable
air conditioner unit:
ACCSD_95 = CapacitySD_Full ¥ Qduct_SD_Full ¥
Qinflitration_SD_95_Full
ACCSD_83_Full = CapacitySD_Full ¥ Qduct_SD_Full
¥ Qinflitration_SD_83_Full
ACCSD_83_Low = CapacitySD_Low ¥
Qduct_SD_Low ¥ Qinflitration_SD_83_Low
For a dual-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioner unit:
ACCDD_95 = CapacityDD_95_Full ¥
Qduct_DD_95_Full ¥ Qinflitration_DD_95_Full
ACCDD_83_Full = CapacityDD_83_Full ¥
Qduct_DD_83_Full ¥ Qinflitration_DD_83_Full
ACCDD_83_Low = CapacityDD_83_Low ¥
Qduct_DD_83_Low ¥ Qinflitration_DD_83_Low
Where:
CapacitySD_Full, CapacitySD_Low,
CapacityDD_95_Full, CapacityDD_83_Full,
and CapacityDD_83_Low = cooling capacity
in Btu/h for each duct configuration,
temperature condition (where
applicable), and compressor speed, as
measured in section 4.1.2 of this
appendix.
Qduct_SD_Full, Qduct_SD_Low, Qduct_DD_95_Full,
Qduct_DD_83_Full, and Qduct_DD_83_Low =
combined duct heat transfer for each
duct configuration, temperature
condition (where applicable), and
compressor speed, as calculated in
section 4.1.3 of this appendix.
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full, Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low, Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full, and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = total infiltration air
heat transfer in cooling mode for each
duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed, as
calculated in section 4.1.4 of this
appendix.
5.2 Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity
5.2.1 Calculate the unit’s seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity, SACC, in Btu/h,
according to the following equations:
For a single-speed portable air conditioner
unit:
SACCSD = ACCSD_95_SS × 0.2 + ACCSD_83_SS ×
0.8
SACCDD = ACCDD_95_SS × 0.2 + ACCSD_83_SS
× 0.8
For a variable-speed portable air
conditioner unit:
SACCSD = ACCSD_95 × 0.2 + ACCSD_83_Low ×
0.8
SACCDD = ACCDD_95 × 0.2 + ACCDD_83_Low ×
0.8
Where:
ACCSD_95_SS, ACCSD_83_SS, ACCDD_95_SS, and
ACCDD_83_SS = adjusted cooling capacity
for single-speed portable air conditioners
for each duct configuration and
temperature condition, in Btu/h,
calculated in section 5.1.1 of this
appendix.
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Low, ACCDD_95, and
ACCDD_83_Low = adjusted cooling
capacity for variable-speed portable air
conditioners for each duct configuration,
temperature condition, and compressor
speed, in Btu/h, calculated in section
5.1.2 of this appendix.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 °F test
condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 °F test
condition.
5.2.2 For variable-speed portable ACs
determine a Full-Load Seasonally Adjusted
Cooling Capacity (SACCFull_SD for singlespeed units and SACCFull_DD for dual-duct
units) using the following formulas:
SACCFull_SD = ACCSD_95 × 0.2 + ACCSD_83_Full
× 0.8
SACCFull_DD = ACCDD_95 × 0.2 +
ACCDD_83_Full × 0.8
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Full, ACCDD_95, and
ACCDD_83_Full = adjusted cooling
capacity for variable-speed portable air
conditioners for each duct configuration,
temperature condition, and compressor
speed (where applicable), in Btu/h,
calculated in section 5.1.2 of this
appendix.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 °F test
condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 °F test
condition.
5.3 Annual Energy Consumption.
Calculate the sample unit’s annual energy
consumption in each operating mode
according to the equation below. For each
operating mode, use the following annual
hours of operation and equation:
Annual
operating
hours
Type of portable air conditioner
Operating mode
Subscript
Variable speed (single- or dual-duct) ......
Cooling Mode: Test Conditions 2.A, 2.B,
2.C, 2.D, and 2.E 1.
Cooling Mode: Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B,
and 1C 1.
Off-Cycle ..................................................
Inactive or Off ..........................................
DD_95_Full, DD_83_Full, DD_83_Low,
SD_Full, and SD_Low.
DD_95, DD_83, and SD ..........................
750
oc .............................................................
ia or om ...................................................
880
1,355
Single speed (single- or dual-duct) .........
all .............................................................
all .............................................................
750
AECm = Pm × tm × 0.001
Where:
AECm = annual energy consumption in the
operating mode, in kWh/year.
m represents the operating mode as shown in
the table above with each operating
mode’s respective subscript.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
Pm = average power in the operating mode,
in watts, as determined in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2.
tm = number of annual operating time in each
operating mode, in hours.
0.001 kWh/Wh = conversion factor from
watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
PO 00000
Frm 00032
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
Calculate the sample unit’s total annual
energy consumption in off-cycle mode and
inactive or off mode as follows:
Where:
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.004</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
1 These operating mode hours are for the purposes of calculating annual energy consumption under different ambient conditions and are not a
division of the total cooling mode operating hours. The total cooling mode operating hours are 750 hours.
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
31133
AECT = total annual energy consumption
attributed to off-cycle mode and inactive
or off mode, in kWh/year;
AECm = total annual energy consumption in
the operating mode, in kWh/year.
ncm represents the following two noncooling operating modes: off-cycle mode
and inactive or off mode.
5.4 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio
5.4.1 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio
for Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioners.
Using the annual operating hours
established in section 5.3 of this appendix,
calculate the combined energy efficiency
ratio, CEER, in Btu/Wh, for single-speed
portable air conditioners according to the
following equation, as applicable:
Where:
CEERSD and CEERDD = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a single-duct unit and
dual-duct unit, respectively, in Btu/Wh.
ACCSD_95_SS, ACCSD_83_SS, ACCDD_95_SS,
ACCDD_83_SS = adjusted cooling capacity
for each duct configuration and
temperature condition, in Btu/h,
calculated in section 5.1 of this
appendix.
AECSD, AECDD_95 and AECDD_83 = annual
energy consumption in cooling mode for
each duct configuration and temperature
condition, in kWh/year, calculated in
section 5.3 of this appendix.
AECT = total annual energy consumption
attributed to all modes except cooling, in
kWh/year, calculated in section 5.3 of
this appendix.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per
year, 750, multiplied by the conversion
factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours,
0.001 kWh/Wh.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 °F dry-bulb
outdoor condition test.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 °F dry-bulb
outdoor condition test.
5.4.2 Unadjusted Combined Energy
Efficiency Ratio for Variable-Speed Portable
Air Conditioners.
For a variable-speed portable air
conditioner, calculate the unit’s unadjusted
combined energy efficiency ratio, CEERUA, in
Btu/Wh, as follows:
For single-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners:
AECia/om = annual energy consumption
attributed to inactive or off mode, in
kWh/year, calculated in section 5.3 of
this appendix.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per
year, 750, multiplied by the conversion
factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours,
0.001 kWh/Wh.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 °F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating
condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 °F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating
condition.
5.5 Adjustment of the Combined Energy
Efficiency Ratio. Adjust the sample unit’s
unadjusted combined energy efficiency ratio
as follows.
5.5.1 Theoretical Comparable SingleSpeed Portable Air Conditioner Cooling
Capacity and Power at the Lower Outdoor
Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate
the cooling capacity without and with
cycling losses, in British thermal units per
hour (Btu/h), and electrical power input, in
watts, for a single-duct or dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner at an 83 °F outdoor dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition
according to the following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable
single speed portable air conditioner:
CapacitySD_83_SS = CapacitySD_Full
CapacitySD_83_SS_CF = CapacitySD_Full × 0.82
PSD_83_SS = PSD_Full
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.006</GPH> ER15MY23.007</GPH>
Where:
CEERSD_UA, and CEERDD_UA = unadjusted
combined energy efficiency ratio for a
single-duct and dual-duct sample unit,
in Btu/Wh, respectively.
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Low, ACCDD_95, and
ACCDD_83 = adjusted cooling capacity for
each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed, as
calculated in section 5.1.2 of this
appendix, in Btu/h.
AECSD_Full, AECSD_Low, AECDD_95_Full, and
AECDD_83_Low = annual energy
consumption for each duct
configuration, temperature condition,
and compressor speed in cooling mode
operation, as calculated in section 5.3 of
this appendix, in kWh/year.
ER15MY23.005</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
For dual-duct variable-speed portable air
conditioners:
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
31134
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable
single speed portable air conditioner:
CapacityDD_83_SS = Capacity83_Full
CapacityDD_83_SS_CF = Capacity83_Full × 0.77
PDD_83_SS = P83_Full
Where:
CapacitySD_83_SS and CapacityDD_83_SS =
cooling capacity of a single-duct and
dual-duct theoretical comparable singlespeed portable air conditioner,
calculated for the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition (Test
Conditions 2.E and 2.B, respectively), in
Btu/h.
CapacitySD_83_SS_CF and CapacityDD_83_SS_CF
= cooling capacity of a single-duct and
dual-duct theoretical comparable singlespeed portable air conditioner with
cycling losses, in Btu/h, calculated for
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively).
CapacitySD_Full and Capacity83_Full = cooling
capacity of the sample unit, measured in
section 4.1.2 of this appendix at Test
Conditions 2.D and 2.B, in Btu/h.
PSD_83_SS and PDD_83_SS = power input of a
single-duct and dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner calculated for the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
condition (Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B,
respectively), in watts.
PSD_Full and P83_Full = electrical power input
of the sample unit, measured in section
4.1.2 of this appendix at Test Conditions
2.D and 2.B, in watts.
0.82 = empirically-derived cycling factor for
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition for single-duct units.
0.77 = empirically-derived cycling factor for
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition for dual-duct units.
5.5.2 Duct Heat Transfer for a Theoretical
Comparable Single-Speed Portable Air
Conditioner at the Lower Outdoor
Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate
the duct heat transfer to the conditioned
space for a single-duct or dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner at the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition as follows:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
Qduct_SD_83_SS = Qduct_SD_Full
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
Qduct_DD_83_SS = Qduct_DD_83_Full
Where:
Qduct_SD_83_SS and Qduct_DD_83_SS = total heat
transferred from the condenser exhaust
duct to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode, for single-duct and dualduct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioners, respectively, at
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively), in Btu/h.
Qduct_SD_Full and Qduct_DD_83_Full = the total
heat transferred from the duct to the
indoor conditioned space in cooling
mode, when tested at Test Conditions
2.D and 2.B, respectively, as calculated
in section 4.1.3 of this appendix, in Btu/
h.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
5.5.3 Infiltration Air Heat Transfer for a
Theoretical Comparable Single-Speed
Portable Air Conditioner at the Lower
Outdoor Temperature Operating Condition.
Calculate the total heat contribution from
infiltration air for a single-duct or dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner at the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition, as follows:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS = Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS = Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full
Where:
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS and Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS =
total infiltration air heat in cooling mode
for a single-duct and dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner, respectively at
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively), in Btu/h.
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full and Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full =
total infiltration air heat transfer of the
sample unit in cooling mode for each
duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed, as
calculated in section 4.1.4 of this
appendix, in Btu/h.
5.5.4 Adjusted Cooling Capacity for a
Theoretical Comparable Single-Speed
Portable Air Conditioner at the Lower
Outdoor Temperature Operating Condition.
Calculate the adjusted cooling capacity
without and with cycling losses for a singleduct or dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner at the
83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating
condition, in Btu/h, according to the
following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
ACCSD_83_SS = CapacitySD_83_SS ¥
Qduct_SD_83_SS ¥ Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS
ACCSD_83_SS_CF = CapacitySD_83_SS_CF ¥
Qduct_SD_83_SS ¥ Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
ACCDD__83_SS = Capacity83_SS ¥
Qduct_DD_83_SS ¥ Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS
ACCDD_83_SS_CF = CapacityDD_83_SS_CF ¥
Qduct_DD_83_SS ¥ Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS
Where:
ACCSD_83_SS, ACCSD_83_SS_CF, ACCDD_83_SS,
and ACCDD_83_SS_CF = adjusted cooling
capacity for a single-duct and dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner at the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
condition (Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B,
respectively) without and with cycling
losses, respectively, in Btu/h.
CapacitySD_83_SS and CapacitySD_83_SS_CF =
cooling capacity of a single-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses, respectively, at Test
Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
condition), respectively, calculated in
section 5.5.1 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
CapacityDD_83_SS and CapacityDD_83_SS_CF =
cooling capacity of a dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses, respectively, at Test
Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
condition), respectively, calculated in
section 5.5.1 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
Qduct_SD_83_SS and Qduct_DD_83_SS = total heat
transferred from the ducts to the indoor
conditioned space in cooling mode for a
single-duct and dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner, at Test Conditions 2.E and
2.B (the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition),
respectively, calculated in section 5.5.2
of this appendix, in Btu/h.
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS and Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS =
total infiltration air heat in cooling mode
for a single-duct and dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner, respectively, at
Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 °F
dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating
condition), respectively, calculated in
section 5.5.3 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
5.5.5 Annual Energy Consumption in
Cooling Mode for a Theoretical Comparable
Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioner at the
Lower Outdoor Temperature Operating
Condition. Calculate the annual energy
consumption in cooling mode for a singleduct or dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner at the
83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating
condition, in kWh/year, according to the
following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
AECSD_83_SS = PSD_83_SS × 0.750
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner:
AECDD_83_SS = PDD_83_SS × 0.750
Where:
AECSD_83_SS and AECDD_83_SS = annual
energy consumption for a single-duct
and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner,
respectively, in cooling mode at the 83
°F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively), in kWh/year.
PSD_83_SS and PDD_83_SS = electrical power
input for a single-duct and dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner, respectively, at
the 83 °F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively) as calculated in
section 5.5.1 of this appendix, in watts.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per
year, 750, multiplied by the conversion
factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours,
0.001 kWh/Wh.
5.5.6 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio
for a Theoretical Comparable Single-Speed
Portable Air Conditioner. Calculate the
combined energy efficiency ratios for a
theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner without cycling losses,
CEERSD_SS and CEERDD_SS, and with cycling
losses, CEERSD_SS_CF and CEERDD_SS_CF, in
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
Btu/Wh, according to the following
equations:
31135
For a single-duct portable air conditioner:
single-speed portable air conditioner,
respectively, in cooling mode at the 83
°F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively), calculated in
section 5.5.5 of this appendix, in kWh/
year.
AECT = total annual energy consumption
attributed to all operating modes except
cooling for the sample unit, calculated in
section 5.3 of this appendix, in kWh/
year.
0.750 as defined previously in this section.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 °F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating
condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 °F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating
condition.
5.5.7 Performance Adjustment Factor.
Calculate the sample unit’s performance
adjustment factor, Fp, as follows:
For a single-duct unit:
ER15MY23.009</GPH> ER15MY23.010</GPH>
condition (Test Conditions 2.E) without
and with cycling losses, respectively, as
calculated in section 5.5.4 of this
appendix, in Btu/h.
ACCDD_83_SS and ACCDD_83_SS_CF = adjusted
cooling capacity for a dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner at the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
condition (Test Condition 2.B) without
and with cycling losses, respectively, as
calculated in section 5.5.4 of this
appendix, in Btu/h.
AECSD_Full = annual energy consumption of
the single-duct sample unit, as
calculated in section 5.4.2.1 of this
appendix, in kWh/year.
AECDD_95_Full = annual energy consumption
for the dual-duct sample unit, as
calculated in section 5.4.2.1 of this
appendix, in kWh/year.
AECSD_83_SS and AECDD_83_SS = annual
energy consumption for a single-duct
and dual-duct theoretical comparable
For a dual-duct unit:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4725
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.008</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Where:
CEERSD_SS and CEERSD_CF_SS = combined
energy efficiency ratio for a single-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses, respectively, in Btu/
Wh.
CEERDD_SS and CEERDD_CF_SS = combined
energy efficiency ratio for a dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses, respectively, in Btu/
Wh.
ACCSD_95 and ACCDD_95 = adjusted cooling
capacity of the sample unit, as calculated
in section 5.1.2 of this appendix, when
tested at Test Conditions 2.D and 2.A,
respectively, in Btu/h.
ACCSD_83_SS and ACCSD_83_SS_CF = adjusted
cooling capacity for a single-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner at the 83 °F drybulb outdoor temperature operating
ER15MY23.011</GPH>
For a dual-duct portable air conditioner:
31136
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
Where:
CEERSD_SS and CEERSD_SS_CF = combined
energy efficiency ratio for a single-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses considered,
respectively, calculated in section 5.5.6
of this appendix, in Btu/Wh.
CEERDD_SS and CEERDD_SS_CF = combined
energy efficiency ratio for a dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and
with cycling losses considered,
respectively, calculated in section 5.5.6
of this appendix, in Btu/Wh.
5.5.8 Single-Duct and Dual-Duct
Variable-Speed Portable Air Conditioner
Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio. Calculate
the sample unit’s final combined energy
efficiency ratio, CEER, in Btu/Wh, as follows:
For a single-duct portable air conditioner:
CEERSD = CEERSD_UA × (1 + Fp_SD)
For a dual-duct portable air conditioner:
CEERDD = CEERDD_UA × (1 + Fp_DD)
Where:
CEERSD and CEERDD = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a single-duct and
dual-duct sample unit, in Btu/Wh,
respectively.
CEERSD_UA and CEERDD_UA = unadjusted
combined energy efficiency ratio for a
single-duct and dual-duct sample unit,
respectively, calculated in section 5.4.2.1
of this appendix, in Btu/Wh.
Fp_SD and Fp_DD = single-duct and dual-duct
sample unit’s performance adjustment
factor, respectively, calculated in section
5.5.7 of this appendix.
8. Appendix CC1 to subpart B of part
430 is added to read as follows:
■
Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part
430—Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Portable Air Conditioners
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of
testing under this appendix CC1 to determine
compliance with any standards that amend
the portable air conditioners standard at
§ 430.32(cc) with which compliance is
required on January 10, 2025 and that use the
Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio (AEER)
metric. Any representation related to energy
also must be made in accordance with the
appendix that applies (i.e., appendix CC to
this subpart or this appendix CC1).
Manufacturers may also use this appendix
CC1 to certify compliance with any amended
standards before the compliance date for
those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3,
the entire standard for AHAM PAC–1–2022,
ANSI/AMCA 210–99, ASHRAE 37–2009,
ASHRAE 41.1–1986, ASHRAE 41.6–1994,
and IEC 62301; however, only enumerated
provisions of AHAM PAC–1–2022, ANSI/
AMCA 210–99, ASHRAE 37–2009, and IEC
62301 are applicable to this appendix CC1,
as follows. Treat ‘‘should’’ in IEC 62301 as
mandatory. When there is a conflict, the
language of this appendix takes precedence
over those documents.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
0.1 AHAM PAC–1–2022
(a) Section 4 ‘‘Definitions,’’ as specified in
section 2 of this appendix;
(b) Section 7 ‘‘Test Setup,’’ as specified in
sections 3 and 4 of this appendix;
(c) Section 8 ‘‘Test Conduct,’’ as specified
in section 4 of this appendix;
(d) Section 8.1 ‘‘Cooling Mode,’’ as
specified in sections 5.1 and 5.3 of this
appendix;
(e) Section 9 ‘‘Calculation of Derived
Results from Test Measurements,’’ as
specified in section 5 of this appendix;
(f) Section 9.1 ‘‘Duct Heat Transfer,’’ as
specified in section 5.1 of this appendix;
(g) Section 9.2 ‘‘Infiltration Air Heat
Transfer,’’ as specified in section 5.1 of this
appendix.
0.2 ANSI/AMCA 210–99 (‘‘ANSI/AMCA
210’’)
(a) Figure 12, ‘‘Outlet chamber Setup—
Multiple Nozzles in Chamber,’’ as specified
in section 4 of this appendix;
(b) Figure 12 Notes, as specified in section
4 of this appendix.
0.3 ASHRAE 37–2009
(a) Section 5.1 ‘‘Temperature Measuring
Instruments,’’ as specified in section 3 of this
appendix;
(b) Section 5.3 ‘‘Air Differential Pressure
and Airflow Measurements,’’ as specified in
section 3 of this appendix;
(c) Section 5.4 ‘‘Electrical Instruments,’’ as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(d) Section 6.2 ‘‘Nozzle Airflow Measuring
Apparatus,’’ as specified in section 4 of this
appendix;
(e) Section 6.3 ‘‘Nozzles,’’ as specified in
section 4 of this appendix;
(f) Section 7.3 ‘‘Indoor and Outdoor Air
Enthalpy Methods,’’ as specified in section 4
of this appendix;
(g) Section 7.7 ‘‘Airflow Rate
Measurement,’’ as specified in section 4 of
this appendix;
(h) Section 8.7 ‘‘Test Procedure for Cooling
Capacity Tests,’’ as specified in section 4 of
this appendix;
(i) Section 9 ‘‘Data to be Recorded,’’ as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(j) Section 10 ‘‘Test Results,’’ as specified
in section 4 of this appendix;
(k) Section 11.1 ‘‘Symbols Used In
Equations,’’ as specified in section 4 of this
appendix.
0.4 IEC 62301
(a) Paragraph 4.2 ‘‘Test room’’ as specified
in section 3 of this appendix;
(b) Paragraph 4.3.2 ‘‘Supply voltage
waveform,’’ as specified in section 3 of this
appendix;
(c) Paragraph 4.4 ‘‘Power measuring
instruments,’’ as specified in section 3 of this
appendix;
(d) Paragraph 5.1, ‘‘General,’’ Note 1 as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(e)Paragraph 5.2 ‘‘Preparation of product,’’
as specified in section 3 of this appendix;
(f) Paragraph 5.3.2 ‘‘Sampling method,’’ as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(g) Annex D, ‘‘Determination of
Uncertainty of Measurement,’’ as specified in
section 3 of this appendix.
PO 00000
Frm 00036
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
1. Scope
Establishes test requirements to measure
the energy performance of single-duct and
dual-duct, and single-speed and variablespeed portable air conditioners in accordance
with AHAM PAC–1–2022, unless otherwise
specified.
2. Definitions
Definitions for industry standards, terms,
modes, calculations, etc. are in accordance
with AHAM PAC–1–2022, section 4, with the
following added definition:
Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio means
the energy efficiency of a portable air
conditioner as measured in accordance with
this test procedure as the total annual cooling
delivered divided by the total annual energy
consumption in per watt-hours (Btu/Wh) and
determined in section 5.4.
3. Test Apparatus and General Instructions
Follow requirements and instructions for
test conduct and test setup in accordance
with AHAM PAC–1–2022, section 7,
excluding section 7.1.3, including references
to ASHRAE 37–2009, sections 5.1 and 5.3,
and IEC 62301 sections 4.2, 4.3.2, 4.4, and
5.2, and Annex D. If the portable air
conditioner has network functions, disable
all network functions throughout testing if
possible. If an end-user cannot disable a
network function or the product’s user
manual does not provide instruction for
disabling a network function, test the unit
with that network function in the factory
default configuration for the duration of the
test.
3.1 Duct temperature measurements.
Install any insulation and sealing provided
by the manufacturer. For a dual-duct or
single-duct unit, adhere four thermocouples
per duct, spaced along the entire length
equally, to the outer surface of the duct.
Measure the surface temperatures of each
duct. For a combined-duct unit, adhere
sixteen thermocouples to the outer surface of
the duct, spaced evenly around the
circumference (four thermocouples, each 90
degrees apart, radially) and down the entire
length of the duct (four sets of four
thermocouples, evenly spaced along the
entire length of the duct), ensuring that the
thermocouples are spaced along the entire
length equally, on the surface of the
combined duct. Place at least one
thermocouple preferably adjacent to, but
otherwise as close as possible to, the
condenser inlet aperture and at least one
thermocouple on the duct surface preferably
adjacent to, but otherwise as close as possible
to, the condenser outlet aperture. Measure
the surface temperature of the combined duct
at each thermocouple. Temperature
measurements must have an error no greater
than ±0.5 °F over the range being measured.
4. Test Measurement
Follow requirements for test conduct in
active and inactive modes of operation in
accordance with AHAM PAC–1–2022,
section 8, except section 8.1.b, including
references to sections 5.4, 6.2, 6.3, 7.3, 7.7,
8.7, 9, 10, and 11 of ASHRAE 37–2009,
referring to Figure 12 and Figure 12 Notes of
ANSI/AMCA 210 to determine placement of
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
static pressure taps, and including references
to ASHRAE 41.1–1986 and ASHRAE 41.6–
1994. When conducting cooling mode testing
for a variable-speed dual-duct portable air
conditioner, use test configurations 1C and
1E in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022.
Conduct the first test in accordance with
ambient conditions for test configuration 1C
in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022, and
measure cooling capacity (CapacityDD_95_Full)
and input power (PDD_95_Full). Conduct the
second test in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test configuration 1E in Table
2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022, with the
compressor speed set to low for the duration
of cooling mode testing (in accordance with
the manufacturer instructions as described in
section 7.1.10), and measure cooling capacity
(CapacityDD_83_Low) and input power
(PDD_83_Low). When conducting standby
power testing using the sampling method
described in section 5.3.2 of IEC 62301, if the
standby mode is cyclic and irregular or
unstable, collect 10 cycles worth of data. As
discussed in Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC
62301, allow sufficient time for the unit to
reach the lowest power state before
proceeding with the test measurement.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements
Perform calculations from test
measurements to determine Seasonally
Adjusted Cooling Capacity (SACC) and
Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio (AEER)
in accordance with AHAM PAC–1–2022,
section 9 unless otherwise specified in this
section.
5.1 Adjusted Cooling Capacity. Calculate
the adjusted cooling capacities at the 95 °F
and 83 °F operating conditions specified
below of the sample unit, in Btu/h, according
to the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacitySD ¥Qduct_SD ¥ Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = 0.6000 × (Capacity SD ¥ Qduct_SD ¥
Qinfiltration_95)
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacitySD_Full ¥Qduct_SD_Full ¥
Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = CapacitySD_Low ¥Qduct_SD_Low ¥
Qinfiltration_83_Low
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacityDD_95 ¥Qduct_DD_95 ¥
Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = 0.5363 × (Capacity DD_83 ¥
Qduct_DD_83 ¥ Qinfiltration_83)
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacityDD_95_Full ¥Qduct_DD_95_Full
¥ Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = CapacityDD__Low ¥Qduct_DD_83_Low ¥
Qinfiltration_83_Low
Where:
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling capacity
of the sample unit, in Btu/h, calculated
from testing at:
For a single-duct single-speed unit, test
configuration 2A in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–
1–2022.
For a single-duct variable-speed unit, test
configurations 2B and 2C in Table 2 of
AHAM PAC–1–2022.
For a dual-duct single-speed unit, test
configurations 1A and 1B in Table 2 of
AHAM PAC–1–2022.
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit: test
configurations 1C and 1E in Table 2 of
AHAM PAC–1–2022.
CapacitySD, CapacitySD_Full, CapacitySD_Low,
CapacityDD_95, CapacityDD_83,
CapacityDD_95_Full, and
CapacityDD_83_Low = cooling capacity, in
Btu/h, measured in testing at test
configuration 2A, 2B, 2C, 1A, 1B, 1C,
and 1E of Table 2 in section 8.1 of
AHAM PAC–1–2022, respectively.
Qduct_SD, Qduct_SD_Full, Qduct_SD_Low,
Qduct_DD_95, Qduct_DD_83, Qduct_DD_95_Full,
and Qduct_DD_83_Low = duct heat transfer
while operating in cooling mode for each
duct configuration, compressor speed
(where applicable) and temperature
condition (where applicable), calculated
in section 9.1 of AHAM PAC–1–2022, in
Btu/h.
31137
Qinfiltration_95, Qinfiltration_83, and
Qinfiltration_83_Low = total infiltration air
heat transfer in cooling mode, in Btu/h,
for each of the following compressor
speed and duct configuration
combinations:
For a single-duct single-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 as calculated for a single-duct
single-speed unit in section 9.2 of AHAM
PAC–1–2022.
For a single-duct variable-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83_Low as
calculated for a single-duct variable-speed
unit in section 9.2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022.
For a dual-duct single-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83 as calculated for
a dual-duct single-speed unit in section 9.2
of AHAM PAC–1–2022.
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83_Low as
calculated for a dual-duct variable-speed unit
in section 9.2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022.
0.6000 and 0.5363 = empirically-derived
load-based capacity adjustment factor for a
single-duct and dual-duct single-speed unit,
respectively, when operating at test
conditions 2A and 1B.
5.2 Seasonally Adjusted Cooling
Capacity. Calculate the seasonally adjusted
cooling capacity for the sample unit, SACC,
in Btu/h, according to:
SACC = ACC95 × 0.144 + ACC83 × 0.856
Where:
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling
capacities at the 95 °F and 83 °F outdoor
temperature conditions, respectively, in
Btu/h, calculated in section 5.1 of this
appendix.
0.144 = empirically-derived weighting factor
for ACC95.
0.856 = empirically-derived weighting factor
for ACC83.
5.3 Annual Energy Consumption.
Calculate the annual energy consumption in
each operating mode, AECm, in kilowatthours per year (kWh/year). Use the following
annual hours of operation for each mode:
TABLE 1—ANNUAL OPERATING HOURS
Annual operating
hours
Calculate total annual energy consumption
in all modes according to the following
equations:
AECia/om = Pia/om × tia/om × k
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
AEC95 = PSD_95 × tSD_95 × k
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
AEC95 = PSD_Full × tSD_Full × k
AEC83 = PSD_Low × tSD_Low × k
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
AEC95 = PDD_95 × tDD_95 × k
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
AEC95 = PDD_95_Full × tDD_95_Full × k
AEC83 = PDD_83_Low × tDD_83_Low × k
PO 00000
Frm 00037
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
164
586
977
391
0
1,141
1,844
Where:
AEC95 and AEC83 = total annual energy
consumption attributed to all modes
representative of either the 95 °F and
83 °F operating condition, respectively,
in kWh/year.
Pm = average power in each mode, in watts,
as determined in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
tm = number of annual operating time in each
mode, in hours.
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.013</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
Cooling Mode Test Configurations 1A, 1C, 2A (95), 2B ...............................................................................................................
Cooling Mode Test Configurations 1B, 2A (83) ............................................................................................................................
Cooling Mode Test Configuration 1E, 2C .....................................................................................................................................
Off-Cycle, Single-Speed ................................................................................................................................................................
Off-Cycle, Variable-Speed .............................................................................................................................................................
Total Cooling and Off-cycle Mode .................................................................................................................................................
Inactive or Off Mode ......................................................................................................................................................................
ER15MY23.012</GPH>
Operating mode
31138
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules and Regulations
k = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor from
watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
0.82 = empirically-derived factor
representing efficiency losses due to
compressor cycling outside of fan
operation for single-duct units
0.77 = empirically-derived factor
representing efficiency losses due to
compressor cycling outside of fan
operation for dual-duct units
m represents the operating mode:
—‘‘DD_95’’ and ‘‘DD_83’’ correspond to
cooling mode in Test Configurations 1A
and 1B in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022,
respectively, for dual-duct single-speed
units,
—‘‘DD_95_Full’’, ‘‘DD_83_Low’’ correspond
to cooling mode in Test Configurations 1C
and 1E in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022,
respectively, for dual-duct variable-speed
units,
—‘‘SD_95’’ corresponds to cooling mode in
Test Configuration 2A in Table 2 of AHAM
PAC–1–2022 for single-duct single-speed
units, for use when calculating AEC at the
95 °F outdoor temperature condition,
—‘‘SD_83’’ corresponds to cooling mode in
Test Configuration 2A in Table 2 of AHAM
PAC–1–2022 for single-duct single-speed
units, for use when calculating AEC at the
83 °F outdoor temperature condition,
—‘‘SD_Full’’ and ‘‘SD_Low’’ correspond to
cooling mode in Test Configurations 2B
and 2C in Table 2 of AHAM PAC–1–2022,
respectively, for single-duct variable-speed
units,
—‘‘oc’’ corresponds to off-cycle,
—‘‘ia/om’’ corresponds to inactive or off
mode,
5.4 Annualized Cooling and Energy
Ratio. Calculate the annualized energy
efficiency ratio, AEER, in Btu/Wh, according
to the following equation:
Where:
AEER = the annualized energy efficiency
ratio of the sample unit in Btu/Wh.
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling capacity
at the 95 °F and 83 °F outdoor
temperature conditions, respectively,
calculated in section 5.1 of this
appendix.
AEC95, AEC83, AECoc, and AECia/om = total
annual energy consumption attributed to
all modes representative the 95 °F
operating condition, the 83 °F operating
condition, off-cycle mode, and inactive
or off mode respectively, in kWh/year,
calculated in section 5.3 of this
appendix.
tcm_95 = number of annual hours spent in
cooling mode at the 95 °F operating
condition, tDD_95 for dual-duct singlespeed units, tDD_95_Full for dual-duct
variable-speed units, tSD_95 for singleduct single-speed units, or tSD_Full for
single-duct variable-speed units, defined
in section 5.3 of this appendix.
164 = number of annual hours spent in
cooling mode at the 95 °F operating
condition, as shown in Table III.2
977 = number of annual hours spent in
cooling mode and off-cycle mode at the
83 °F operating condition, defined in
section 5.3 of this appendix. 0.001 =
kWh/Wh conversion factor for watthours to kilowatt-hours.
■
SACC: For single-speed portable air
conditioners, SACC is seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity in Btu/h, as
determined in appendix CC of subpart
B of this part. For variable-speed
portable air conditioners, SACC shall be
SACCFull in Btu/h, as determined in
appendix CC of subpart B of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
9. Amend § 430.32 by revising
paragraph (cc) to read as follows:
§ 430.32 Energy and water conservation
standards and their compliance dates.
*
*
*
*
*
(cc) Portable air conditioners. Singleduct portable air conditioners and dualduct portable air conditioners
manufactured on or after January 10,
2025 must have a combined energy
efficiency ratio (CEER) in Btu/Wh no
less than:
[FR Doc. 2023–09755 Filed 5–12–23; 8:45 am]
ER15MY23.015</GPH>
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:33 May 12, 2023
Jkt 259001
PO 00000
Frm 00038
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 9990
E:\FR\FM\15MYR2.SGM
15MYR2
ER15MY23.014</GPH>
ddrumheller on DSK120RN23PROD with RULES2
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 93 (Monday, May 15, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 31102-31138]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-09755]
[[Page 31101]]
Vol. 88
Monday,
No. 93
May 15, 2023
Part II
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Portable Air
Conditioners; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 88 , No. 93 / Monday, May 15, 2023 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 31102]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029]
RIN 1904-AF03
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Portable Air
Conditioners
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') amends the current
test procedure for portable air conditioners (``portable ACs'') to
incorporate a measure of variable-speed portable AC performance,
generally consistent with previously granted waivers, and to make minor
clarifying edits. DOE also establishes a new test procedure for
portable ACs that provides more representative measures of cooling
capacity and energy consumption. The new test procedure will provide
the basis for development of any updated efficiency standards for
portable ACs. Should DOE establish such standards, the amended test
procedure would become the required test method for determining
compliance.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is June 14, 2023. The amendments
to Appendix CC will be mandatory for product testing starting November
13, 2023. Manufacturers will be required to use the Appendix CC until
the compliance date of any final rule establishing amended energy
conservation standards for portable ACs based on the newly established
test procedure at Appendix CC1. At such time, manufacturers will be
required to begin using Appendix CC1.
The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in the
rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of June 14,
2023. The incorporation by reference of certain other material listed
in this rule was approved by the Director of the Federal Register on
August 1, 2016.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov.
All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov
index. However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly
available, such as those containing information that is exempt from
public disclosure.
A link to the docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029. The docket web page contains instructions
on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the
docket.
For further information on how to review the docket, contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by
email: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Lucas Adin, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 287-5904. Email: [email protected].
Ms. Sarah Butler, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-1777. Email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE maintains material previously approved
for incorporation by reference in appendix CC to 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B and incorporates by reference the following industry
standards into parts 429 and 430:
AHAM PAC-1-2022, ``Energy Measurement Test Procedure for
Portable Air Conditioners'', copyright 2022 (``AHAM PAC-1-2022'').
Copies of AHAM PAC-1-2022 can be obtained from the Association
of Home Appliance Manufacturers (``AHAM''), 1111 19th Street NW,
Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036; or by going to AHAM's online store
at www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009, ``Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment'', copyright 2009 (``ASHRAE 37-2009'').
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.1-1986 (Reaffirmed 2006), ``Standard
Method for Temperature Measurement'', copyright 1987 (``ANSI/ASHRAE
41.1'').
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-1994 (RA 2006), ``Standard Method for
Measurement of Moist Air Properties'', copyright 1994. (``ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.6-1994'').
ANSI/AMCA 210-99 (co-published as ANSI-ASHRAE S51-1999),
``Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic
Performance Rating'' (copyright 1999) (``ANSI/AMCA 210'').
Copies of ASHRAE 37-2009, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-
1994, and ANSI/AMCA 210 can be obtained from the American National
Standards Institute (``ANSI''), 1899 L Street NW, 11th Floor,
Washington, DC; or by going to ANSI's online store at
webstore.ansi.org/.
IEC 62301 (Edition 2.0, 2011-01) ``Household electrical
appliances--Measurement of standby power'' (copyright 2011) (``IEC
62301 Ed. 2.0'').
Copies of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be obtained from the
International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC''), 3 Rue de
Varembe, Case Postale 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; +41 22 919
02 11, webstore.iec.ch/.
For a further discussion of these standards see section IV.N of
this document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Test Procedure
1. Overview
2. Definitions
3. Updates to Industry Standards
4. Harmonization With Other AC Product Test Procedures
5. Variable-Speed Technology
6. Representative Average Period of Use
7. Configurations
8. Cooling Mode
9. Heating Mode
10. Air Circulation Mode
11. Dehumidification Mode
12. Network Connectivity
13. Infiltration Air, Duct Heat Transfer, and Case Heat Transfer
C. Representations of Energy Efficiency
D. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
E. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
The Department of Energy's (``DOE's'') test procedure for portable
air conditioners (``portable ACs'') is currently prescribed at 10 CFR
430.23(dd) and appendix CC to subpart B of part 430 (``appendix CC'').
The
[[Page 31103]]
following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish test procedures
for portable ACs and relevant background information regarding DOE's
consideration of test procedures for this product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part B \2\ of EPCA established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles, which sets forth
a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. In
addition to specifying a list of covered products, EPCA enables the
Secretary of Energy to classify additional types of consumer products
as covered products under EPCA. These products include portable ACs,
the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(20)) In a final
determination of coverage published in the Federal Register on April
18, 2016, DOE classified portable ACs as covered products under EPCA.
81 FR 22514.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020), which reflect the last statutory amendments that impact
Parts A and A-1 of EPCA.
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was redesignated Part A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA specifically include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6291),
test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296).
The testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis for (1)
certifying to DOE that their products comply with the applicable energy
conservation standards adopted under EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2)
making other representations about the efficiency of those products (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these test procedures to
determine whether the products comply with any relevant standards
promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for
particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures
and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section shall be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative
average use cycle (as determined by the Secretary) or period of use and
shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered product, including portable
ACs, to determine whether amended test procedures would more accurately
or fully comply with the requirements for the test procedures to not be
unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated
operating costs during a representative average use cycle or period of
use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on her own behalf or in response to a
petition by any interested person, that a test procedure should be
prescribed or amended, the Secretary shall promptly publish in the
Federal Register proposed test procedures and afford interested persons
an opportunity to present oral and written data, views, and arguments
with respect to such procedures. The comment period on a proposed rule
to amend a test procedure shall be at least 60 days and may not exceed
270 days. In prescribing or amending a test procedure, the Secretary
shall take into account such information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including technological developments
relating to energy use or energy efficiency of the type (or class) of
covered products involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE determines
that test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its
determination not to amend the test procedures. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A)(ii))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE amend its test procedures for
all covered products to integrate measures of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption into the overall energy efficiency, energy
consumption, or other energy descriptor, unless the current test
procedure already incorporates the standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, or if such integration is technically infeasible. (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) If an integrated test procedure is technically
infeasible, DOE must prescribe separate standby mode and off mode
energy use test procedures for the covered product, if a separate test
is technically feasible. (Id.) Any such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the International Electrotechnical Commission
(``IEC'') Standard 62301 \3\ and IEC Standard 62087 \4\ as applicable.
(Id.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances--Measurement of
standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011-01).
\4\ IEC 62087, Audio, video and related equipment--Methods of
measurement for power consumption (Edition 1.0, Parts 1-6: 2015,
Part 7: 2018).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is publishing this final rule in satisfaction of the 7-year
review requirement specified in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE's existing test procedures for portable ACs appear
at appendix CC. DOE established the current test procedure for portable
ACs on June 1, 2016. 81 FR 35241 (``June 2016 Final Rule''). The June
2016 Final Rule established provisions for measuring the energy
consumption of single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs in active,
standby, and off modes. The current test procedure includes provisions
for determining seasonally adjusted cooling capacity (``SACC'') in
British thermal units per hour (``Btu/h''), combined energy efficiency
ratio (``CEER'') in British thermal units per watt-hour (``Btu/Wh''),
and estimated annual operating cost (``EAOC'') in dollars per year. 10
CFR 430.23(dd). The June 2016 Final Rule also established provisions
for certification, compliance, and enforcement for portable ACs in 10
CFR part 429.
On June 2, 2020, DOE published a Decision and Order granting a
waiver to LG Electronics USA, Inc. (``LG'') for basic models of single-
duct variable-speed portable ACs to account for variable-speed portable
AC performance under multiple outdoor temperature operating conditions,
thus yielding more representative results. 85 FR 33643 (Case No. 2018-
004, ``LG Waiver'').
On November 5, 2020, DOE published in the Federal Register an early
assessment review request for information (``RFI'') (``November 2020
RFI'') in which it sought data and
[[Page 31104]]
information pertinent to whether amended test procedures would (1) more
accurately or fully comply with the requirement that the test procedure
produces results that measure energy use during a representative
average use cycle or period of use for the product without being unduly
burdensome to conduct, or (2) reduce testing burden. 85 FR 70508.
On April 6, 2021, DOE published a notice of interim waiver for GD
Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co. LTD. (``Midea''), which issued a
similar alternate test procedure to that from the LG Waiver with
additional specifications to accommodate the combined-duct
configurations of the specified Midea basic models. 86 FR 17803 (Case
No. 2020-006, ``Midea Interim Waiver'').
On April 16, 2021, DOE published in the Federal Register an RFI
(``April 2021 RFI'') seeking data and information regarding issues
pertinent to whether amended test procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirement that the test procedure (1) produces
results that measure energy use during a representative average use
cycle or period of use for the product without being unduly burdensome
to conduct, or (2) reduces testing burden. In the April 2021 RFI, DOE
requested comments, information, and data about a number of issues,
including (1) updates to industry test standards, (2) test
harmonization, (3) energy use measurements, (4) representative average
period of use, (5) test burden, (6) heat transfer measurements and
calculations, (7) heating mode, fan-only mode, and dehumidification
mode, (8) network connectivity, (9) part-load performance and load-
based testing, (10) spot coolers, and (11) test procedure waivers. 86
FR 20044.
On June 8, 2022, DOE published in the Federal Register a notice of
proposed rulemaking (``June 2022 NOPR'') proposing to amend the test
procedures for portable ACs to incorporate a measure of variable-speed
portable AC performance and make minor clarifying edits. DOE also
proposed to adopt a new test procedure in appendix CC1 to improve
representativeness for all configurations of portable ACs by including
substantively different measures of cooling capacity and energy
consumption compared to the current portable AC test procedure at
appendix CC. The provisions in appendix CC1 were largely derived from a
draft version of the most recent update to the AHAM standard for
portable ACs, AHAM PAC-1, ``Portable Air Conditioners.'' DOE requested
comments from interested parties on the proposal. 87 FR 34934.
DOE received comments in response to the June 2022 NOPR from the
interested parties listed in Table I.1.
Table I.1--List of Commenters With Written Submissions in Response to the June 2022 NOPR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference in this final Comment No. in
Commenter(s) rule the docket Commenter type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York State Energy Research and NYSERDA................... 17 State Agency.
Development Authority.
Association of Home Appliance AHAM...................... 18 Trade Association.
Manufacturers.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Joint Commenters.......... 19 Efficiency Organizations.
American Council for an Energy-
Efficient Economy, National Consumer
Law Center.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San California IOUs........... 20 Utilities.
Diego Gas and Electric, Southern
California Edison; collectively, the
California Investor-Owned Utilities.
Keith Rice.............................. Rice...................... 21 Individual.
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance and NEEA and NWPCC............ 22 Efficiency Organizations.
Northwest Power and Conservation
Council.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or
paraphrase provides the location of the item in the public record.\5\
To the extent that interested parties have provided written comments
that are substantively consistent with any oral comments provided
during the July 13, 2022, public meeting (hereafter referred to as the
``July 2022 NOPR public meeting''), DOE cites the written comments
throughout this final rule. Any oral comments provided during the
webinar that are not substantively addressed by written comments are
summarized and cited separately throughout this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for portable ACs. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029,
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The references are
arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number, page
of that document).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE (1) amends 10 CFR 429.4 ``Materials
incorporated by reference'' and 10 CFR 429.62, ``Portable air
conditioners''; (2) updates 10 CFR 430.2, ``Definitions'' and 10 CFR
430.23, ``Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption'' to address combined-duct portable ACs; (3) amends
appendix CC, ``10 CFR Appendix CC to Subpart B of Part 430 Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Portable Air
Conditioners''; and (4) adopts a new appendix CC1, ``10 CFR Appendix
CC1 to Subpart B of Part 430 Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners,'' as summarized in
Tables II.1 through II.4 below, respectively.
Specifically, in this final rule, DOE amends 10 CFR 429.4
``Materials incorporated by reference'' and 10 CFR 429.62, ``Portable
air conditioners'' as follows:
(1) Incorporates by reference AHAM PAC-1-2022, ``Portable Air
Conditioners'' (``AHAM PAC-1-2022''), which includes an industry-
accepted method for testing variable-speed portable ACs, in 10 CFR
429.4; and
(2) Adds rounding instructions for the SACC and the new energy
efficiency metric, annualized energy efficiency ratio (``AEER''), in 10
CFR 429.62;
DOE's adopted amendments in 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62 are summarized
in Table II.1 compared to the previous 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62, as well
as the reason for the changes.
[[Page 31105]]
Table II.1--Summary of Changes in Amended 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62
Relative to Previous 10 CFR 429.4 and 429.62
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous 10 CFR 429.4 and Amended 10 CFR 429.4
429.62 and 429.62 Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR 429.4 incorporated by Adds incorporation by Harmonize with
reference ANSI/AHAM PAC-1- reference in 10 CFR updated
2015. 429.4 of AHAM PAC-1- industry test
2022. procedure.
10 CFR 429.62 required Adds to 10 CFR 429.62 Improve
rounding based on AHAM PAC-1- rounding instructions reproducibility
2015. for SACC and AEER of the test
when using appendix procedure.
CC1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this final rule, DOE also updates 10 CFR 430.2, ``Definitions''
and 10 CFR 430.23, ``Test procedures for the measurement of energy and
water consumption'' as follows:
(1) Adds a definition for the term ``combined-duct portable air
conditioner'' to 10 CFR 430.2; and
(2) Adds requirements to determine estimated annual operating cost
for single-duct and dual-duct variable-speed portable ACs in 10 CFR
430.23.
DOE's actions in 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23 are summarized in Table
II.1 compared to the previous 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23, as well as the
reason for the changes.
Table II.2--Summary of Changes in Amended 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23
Relative to Previous 10 CFR 430.2 and 430.23.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous 10 CFR 430.2 and Amended 10 CFR 430.2
430.23 and 430.23 Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR 430.2 did not define Adds a definition to Address test
combined-duct portable AC. 10 CFR 430.2 for procedure
combined-duct waiver.
portable AC.
10 CFR 430.23 did not have a Adds a method to 10 Address test
method to estimate annual CFR 430.23 to procedure
operating cost for single- estimate annual waiver.
duct and dual-duct variable- operating cost for
speed portable ACs. single-duct and dual-
duct variable-speed
portable ACs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this final rule, DOE also amends appendix CC, ``10 CFR Appendix
CC to Subpart B of Part 430 Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners'' as follows:
(1) Adds definitions in section 2 for ``combined-duct,'' ``single-
speed,'' ``variable-speed,'' ``full compressor speed (full),'' ``low
compressor speed (low),'' ``theoretical comparable single-speed,'' and
``seasonally adjusted cooling capacity, full;''
(2) Divides section 4.1 into two sections, 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, for
single-speed and variable-speed portable ACs, respectively, and details
configuration-specific cooling mode testing requirements for variable-
speed portable ACs;
(3) Adds a requirement in section 4.1.2 that, for variable-speed
portable ACs, the full compressor speed at the 95-degrees Fahrenheit
(``[hairsp][deg]F'') test condition be achieved with user controls, and
the low compressor speed at the 83 [deg]F test condition be achieved
with manufacturer-provided settings or controls;
(4) Adds cycling factors (``CFs'') in section 5.5.1 (0.82 for
single-duct units and 0.77 for dual-duct units);
(5) Adds a requirement to calculate SACC with full compressor speed
at the 95 [deg]F test condition and low compressor speed at the 83
[deg]F test condition in sections 5.1 and 5.2, consistent with the LG
waiver and Midea Interim Waiver, with an additional requirement for
variable-speed portable ACs to represent SACC with full compressor
speed for both test conditions (``SACCFull''), and;
(6) Adds a requirement in section 3.1.2 that, if a portable AC has
network functions, all network functions must be disabled throughout
testing if such settings can be disabled by the end-user and the
product's user manual provides instructions on how to do so. If the
network functions cannot be disabled by the end-user, or the product's
user manual does not provide instructions for disabling network
settings, test the unit with the network settings in the factory
default configuration for the duration of the test.
DOE's actions in appendix CC are summarized in Table II.3 compared
to the current appendix CC, as well as the reason for the changes.
Table II.3--Summary of Changes in Amended Appendix CC to Previous
Appendix CC
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous appendix CC Amended appendix CC Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Did not specify compressor Adds definitions for Address test
type or include variable- single-speed and procedure
speed portable ACs. variable-speed waiver.
pertaining to
portable ACs and
additional compressor
speed definitions.
Specified cooling mode Adds cooling mode Address test
requirements and subsequent requirements and procedure
calculations for single-speed subsequent waiver.
portable ACs. calculations for
variable-speed
portable ACs.
Did not specify requirements Adds a requirement Address test
to achieve compressor speeds. that the full procedure
compressor speed at waiver.
the 95 [deg]F test
condition be achieved
with user controls
and the low
compressor speed at
the 83 [deg]F test
condition be achieved
with manufacturer
settings.
Did not include a CF.......... Adds CFs of 0.82 for Address test
single-duct units and procedure
0.77 for dual-duct waiver.
units to determine
theoretical single-
speed portable AC
cooling capacities.
[[Page 31106]]
Calculated SACC for single- Adds equations to Address test
speed portable ACs. calculate SACC for procedure
variable-speed waiver and
portable ACs. ensure
Requires that the comparability
full compressor speed between single-
be used to determine speed and
capacity at the 95 variable-speed
[deg]F test and the capacity
low compressor speed ratings.
be used to determine
capacity at the 83
[deg]F test
condition. Requires
additional
representation of new
metric, SACCFull,
using the full
compressor speed at
the 83 [deg]F test
condition.
Did not address portable ACs Adds a requirement Ensure
with network functions. that, if a portable reproducibility
AC has network of the test
functions, all procedure.
network functions
must be disabled
throughout testing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this final rule, DOE additionally adopts a new appendix CC1,
``10 CFR Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners,'' which,
compared to appendix CC as amended in this final rule:
(1) Incorporates by reference parts of the updated version of the
AHAM standard, AHAM PAC-1-2022, which includes an industry-accepted
method for testing portable ACs;
(2) Adopts a new efficiency metric, AEER, to calculate more
representatively the efficiency of both variable-speed and single-speed
portable ACs;
(3) Amends the annual operating hours;
(4) Updates the SACC equation for both single-speed and variable-
speed portable ACs; and
(5) Adds cycling factors (``CFs'') in section 5.5.1 (0.82 for
single-duct units and 0.77 for dual-duct units).
Key aspects of DOE's new appendix CC1 are described in Table II.4
compared to the previous appendix CC, as well as the reason for the new
appendix CC1.
Table II.4--Summary of Proposed New Appendix CC1 to Current Appendix CC
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous appendix CC New appendix CC1 Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorporates by reference ANSI/ Incorporates by Harmonize with
AHAM PAC-1-2015. reference AHAM PAC-1- updated
2022. industry test
procedure.
Specifies cooling mode Adds cooling mode Improve
requirements and subsequent requirements, representativen
calculations for single-speed operating hours, and ess of the test
portable ACs. a new efficiency procedure.
metric.
Calculates SACC for single- Adds equation to Improve
speed portable ACs. calculate SACC for representativen
variable-speed ess of the test
portable ACs and procedure.
updates the SACC for
single-speed portable
ACs.
Calculates CEER for single- Replaces CEER equation Improve
speed portable ACs. with AEER equation to representativen
calculate efficiency ess of the test
for single-speed and procedure.
variable-speed
portable ACs.
Does not include a CF......... Adds CFs of 0.82 for Improve
single-duct units and representativen
0.77 for dual-duct ess of the test
units to determine procedure.
theoretical single-
speed portable AC
cooling capacities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has determined that the amendments adopted in this final rule
for appendix CC will not require DOE to amend the energy conservation
standards for portable ACs because the amendments will not impact the
measured efficiency of covered products that minimally comply (i.e.,
those with single-speed compressors) with the standards for portable
ACs at 10 CFR 430.32(cc). See 42 U.S.C. 6293(e). The currently
applicable appendix CC does not have separate provisions for variable-
speed portable ACs. DOE is adopting a test method for such units that
address the ability of variable-speed compressors to adjust their
operating speed based on the demand load of the conditioned space.
Although the measured efficiency could change for variable-speed
portable ACs that are currently subject to waivers, DOE has concluded
that this proposal will not require an adjustment to the energy
conservation standard for portable ACs to ensure that minimally
compliant portable ACs will remain compliant. DOE reached this
conclusion because variable-speed portable ACs currently on the market
are not representative of minimally compliant units.
In addition, the amendments specified in the newly established
appendix CC1 would alter the measured efficiency of portable ACs, as
discussed further in each relevant section of this final rule. However,
testing in accordance with the new appendix CC1 will not be required
until such time as compliance is required with any amended energy
conservation standards based on the new appendix CC1. Discussion of
DOE's actions are addressed in detail in section III of this document.
The effective date for the amended test procedures adopted in this
final rule is 30 days after publication of this document in the Federal
Register. Representations of energy use or energy efficiency must be
based on testing in accordance with the amended test procedure in
appendix CC beginning 180 days after the publication of this final
rule.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
DOE defines a ``portable air conditioner'' as a portable encased
assembly, other than a packaged terminal air conditioner, room air
conditioner, or dehumidifier, that delivers cooled, conditioned air to
an enclosed space, and is powered by
[[Page 31107]]
single-phase electric current. 10 CFR 430.2. The definition also states
that a portable AC includes a source of refrigeration and may include
additional means for air circulation and heating. Id.
Appendix CC specifies provisions for testing portable ACs with
either single-duct \6\ or dual-duct \7\ configurations. In the June
2022 NOPR, DOE summarized comments previously received in response to
the April 2021 RFI regarding ``spot coolers,'' which are not currently
covered by the portable AC test procedure. Although DOE does not
currently define the term ``spot cooler,'' the June 2022 NOPR discussed
this term as applying to portable AC configurations that do not provide
net cooling to a space, but rather move heat from one area to another
in a space (i.e., they reject the heated condenser air to the cooled
space). Based on their physical and operating characteristics, spot
coolers do not meet either of the definitions for a single-duct or
dual-duct portable AC. DOE further noted in the June 2022 NOPR that it
was not aware of any spot coolers on the market with an adjustable
window mounting bracket for the condenser inlet and exhaust ducts,
which is required for the portable AC configurations addressed by the
current portable AC test procedure. DOE did not propose any amendments
to the scope or definitions related to spot coolers. 87 FR 34934,
34940.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ DOE defines a ``single-duct portable air conditioner'' as a
portable AC that draws all of the condenser inlet air from the
conditioned space without the means of a duct, and discharges the
condenser outlet air outside the conditioned space through a single
duct attached to an adjustable window bracket. 10 CFR 430.2.
\7\ DOE defines a ``dual-duct portable air conditioner'' is a
portable AC that draws some or all of the condenser inlet air from
outside the conditioned space through a duct attached to an
adjustable window bracket, may draw additional condenser inlet air
from the conditioned space, and discharges the condenser outlet air
outside the conditioned space by means of a separate duct attached
to an adjustable window bracket. 10 CFR 430.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, NEEA and NWPCC requested that
DOE continue to monitor spot coolers for potential consideration in
future rulemakings. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, in this final rule
DOE is not adopting any amendments to the scope or definitions related
to spot cooler configurations of portable ACs. In summary, DOE is not
changing the scope of products covered by its portable AC test
procedure in this final rule.
B. Test Procedure
1. Overview
Portable ACs are tested in accordance with the currently applicable
appendix CC, which incorporates by reference ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015
``Portable Air Conditioners'' (``ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015''), ASHRAE 37-
2009, and IEC Standard 62301 ``Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power'' (Edition 2.0 2011-01) (``IEC Standard
62301''), with modifications. Regarding dual-duct portable ACs, the
currently applicable DOE test procedure specifies provisions in
addition to ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015. Specifically, the DOE test procedure
specifies an additional test condition for dual-duct portable ACs (83
[deg]F dry-bulb and 67.5 [deg]F wet-bulb outdoor temperature) and
additionally accounts for duct heat transfer, infiltration air heat
transfer, and off-cycle mode energy use. (See sections 4.1, 4.1.1,
4.1.2, and 4.2 of appendix CC.) Appendix CC also includes instructions
regarding tested configurations, duct setup, inlet test conditions,
condensate removal, unit placement, duct temperature measurements, and
control settings. (See sections 3.1.1, 3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.2, 3.1.1.3,
3.1.1.4, 3.1.1.6, and 3.1.2 of appendix CC.)
Under the currently applicable test procedure, a unit's SACC, in
Btu/h, is calculated as a weighted average of the adjusted cooling
capacity (``ACC'') measured at two representative operating conditions.
The ACC is the measured indoor room cooling capacity while operating in
cooling mode under the specified test conditions, adjusted based on the
measured and calculated duct and infiltration air heat transfer. (See
sections 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 5.1, and 5.2 of appendix CC.) The CEER
represents the efficiency of the unit, in Btu/Wh, based on the ACC at
the two operating conditions; the annual energy consumption (``AEC'')
in cooling mode, off-cycle mode, and inactive or off mode; and the
number of cooling mode hours per year; with weighting factors applied
for the two operating conditions. (See sections 4.2, 4.3, 5.3, and 5.4
of appendix CC.)
2. Definitions
As discussed previously in this document, the Midea Interim Waiver
provided specifications to accommodate the ``combined-duct''
configuration of the specified Midea basic models. 86 FR 17803. The
term ``combined-duct'' refers to a configuration in which both the
condenser inlet and outlet air streams are incorporated into the same
structure.
In the Midea Interim Waiver, DOE specified a definition for
``combined-duct portable air conditioner'' as part of the alternate
test procedure. 86 FR 17803, 17808. Since this duct configuration was
not previously defined, DOE proposed in the June 2022 NOPR to define
``combined-duct'' in 10 CFR 430.2 specifically as ``for a portable air
conditioner, the condenser inlet and outlet air streams flow through
separate ducts housed in a single duct structure.'' 87 FR 34934, 34939-
34940. DOE did not receive comments on this proposed definition. For
reasons described in the Midea Interim Waiver and the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE is adopting this proposed definition in this final rule with a
minor modification. The adopted definition will be ``combined-duct
portable air conditioner'' and will be substantively the same as the
proposed definition.
3. Updates to Industry Standards
a. AHAM PAC-1
DOE participated in AHAM's revision of its portable AC test
procedure, recently published in December 2022, entitled AHAM PAC-1-
2022, ``Energy Measurement Test Procedure for Portable Air
Conditioners'' (hereinafter, ``AHAM PAC-1-2022''). As noted above, the
previous version of AHAM PAC-1, ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, is referenced by
the currently applicable version of appendix CC. While the revision was
under development, AHAM released a draft version of AHAM PAC-1-2022 in
January 2022 (``AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft''), the provisions of which DOE
reviewed and considered for adoption in the amended appendix CC and the
newly established appendix CC1, as discussed in the June 2022 NOPR. 87
FR 34934, 34941. In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE also stated that if AHAM
publishes a final version of PAC-1-2022 Draft prior to DOE publishing a
test procedure final rule, DOE intends to update the referenced
industry test standard in the DOE test procedure to reference the
latest version of AHAM PAC-1. Id. In this final rule, DOE evaluated the
issued version of the standard, AHAM PAC-1-2022, for incorporation by
reference in the portable AC test procedure.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to maintain references to AHAM
PAC-1-2015 in appendix CC, with adjustments made to the test procedure
to account for variable-speed operation in keeping with the LG Waiver
and Midea Interim Waiver. DOE proposed this approach because adopting a
test procedure consistent with AHAM PAC-1-2022 would result in an
efficiency metric not comparable
[[Page 31108]]
with existing portable AC standards established in the energy
conservation standards final rule published by DOE on January 10, 2020
(85 FR 1378; ``January 2020 Final Rule''). 87 FR 34934, 34941. DOE also
proposed to add a new capacity metric to appendix CC for variable-speed
models, SACCFull, that is comparable to the SACC for single-
speed models. Id.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to adopt AHAM PAC-1-2022 in a
new appendix CC1, with amendments intended to improve test procedure
representativeness, noting that as proposed appendix CC1 would simplify
the portable AC test procedure for variable-speed portable ACs and
improve representativeness and comparability among different portable
AC configurations. Id. DOE also proposed to incorporate by reference
the AHAM PAC-1-2022 standard in 10 CFR 429.4. 87 FR 34934, 34941.
In response to the June 2022 NOR, AHAM urged DOE to incorporate by
reference the final version of AHAM PAC-1-2022 in DOE's final rule by
adopting AHAM PAC-1-2022 in full as the Federal test procedure. AHAM
stated that AHAM PAC-1-2022 meets EPCA requirements and addresses some
of DOE's proposed amendments to the test procedure. (AHAM, No. 18 at p.
2)
DOE has reviewed the final version of AHAM PAC-1-2022 and compared
it to the draft version considered for the June 2022 NOPR. The draft
and final versions of the standard are largely the same, with one
notable change in the approach to calculate CEER that is mostly
consistent with DOE's approach to determine AEER, discussed further in
section III.B.7.g of this document. DOE is incorporating by reference
the final version of AHAM PAC-1-2022 in newly established appendix CC1,
with some additional amendments, generally consistent with the
amendments proposed in the June 2022 NOPR, as discussed further in
section III.B.7 of this document. DOE expects these additional
amendments to improve test procedure representativeness.
b. Additional Industry Standards Referenced
Both ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015 and AHAM PAC-1-2022 reference ASHRAE 37-
2009, which references certain industry test standards in specifying
test conditions, measurements, and setup. In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to incorporate those industry standards specified in the
relevant sections of ASHRAE 37-2009. Specifically, DOE proposed to
incorporate by reference ANSI/AMCA 210, as referenced in section 6.2,
``Nozzle Airflow Measuring Apparatus,'' of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015 and
AHAM PAC-1-2022, for static pressure tap placement. DOE also proposed
to incorporate by reference ASHRAE 41.1-1986 and ASHRAE 41.6-1994, as
referenced in section 5.1, ``Temperature Measuring Instruments,'' of
AHAM PAC-1-2022, for measuring dry-bulb temperature and humidity,
respectively. 87 FR 34934, 34941.
DOE received no comments regarding the proposal to reference
additional standards. For the reasons described in the June 2022 NOPR,
is incorporating by reference these additional industry standards in
the amended appendix CC and newly established appendix CC1.
4. Harmonization With Other AC Product Test Procedures
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed amendments to address and
improve the representativeness of the test procedure for portable ACs,
as required by EPCA. (See 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, NEEA and NWPCC recommended that
DOE align the test procedures for portable ACs and room ACs, stating
that these products are potential substitutes for one another and may
be evaluated side-by-side by consumers. NEEA and NWPCC expressed
concern that under the current test procedures for each product,
portable ACs may appear to be more efficient than room ACs, whereas the
opposite is generally the case. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at pp. 3-4)
DOE recognizes that consumers may consider portable ACs and room
ACs for the same applications, and that it could be helpful to
consumers for the portable AC and room AC ratings to be comparable.
However, as discussed in a portable AC test procedure NOPR published on
February 25, 2015, DOE also expects that portable ACs and room ACs have
different operating hours and are likely utilized differently by
consumers. 80 FR 10211, 10235. Data provided to DOE by the California
IOUs in response to the June 2022 NOPR show that 47 percent of room AC
owners surveyed typically use their room AC as a source of primary air
conditioning compared to only 22 percent of portable AC owners
surveyed. (CA IOUs, No. 20 at supp. p. 2) This suggests that, unlike
room ACs that are typically used for primary cooling, the large
majority of portable ACs are used for secondary or supplemental cooling
(i.e., not for primary cooling). Accordingly, the portable AC and room
AC test procedures have different operating hours and test conditions,
and the resulting CEER metric for each test procedure measures the
efficiency of each distinct tested product during its representative
period of use. In the future, DOE will continue to consider EPCA
requirements and consumer usage data when amending both the portable AC
and room AC test procedures.
5. Variable-Speed Technology
Since the previous portable AC test procedure rulemaking, portable
ACs with variable-speed compressors have been introduced to the market.
As compared to a portable AC with a single-speed compressor, a
variable-speed portable AC can use an inverter-driven variable-speed
compressor to maintain the desired temperature without cycling the
compressor motor and fans on and off. The unit responds to surrounding
conditions by adjusting the compressor rotational speed based on the
cooling demand. At reduced speeds, variable-speed compressors typically
operate more efficiently than a single-speed compressor under the same
conditions.
The current portable AC test procedure does not account for
improved efficiency of variable-speed portable ACs that automatically
adjust their compressor operating speed and overall performance based
on the cooling load of the conditioned space. Under the currently
applicable appendix CC, the cooling capacity (as expressed by the SACC
metric) does not reflect the reduced cooling provided at the lower
outdoor test temperature (83 [deg]F) in normal operation, because the
test procedure does not allow single-speed units to cycle or variable-
speed units to reduce their speed, as they would in normal operation.
Similarly, the measured efficiency (as expressed by the current CEER
metric) does not reflect the efficiency benefits associated with a
variable-speed portable AC relative to a single-speed portable AC when
operating at low outdoor temperature conditions.
In this final rule, DOE is amending appendix CC to adopt test
provisions to provide more representative measures of SACC and CEER for
variable-speed portable ACs. The amendments require testing variable-
speed portable ACs at the low temperature (i.e., 83 [deg]F) test
condition, in addition to the two test conditions currently specified
for testing single-speed units. Incorporating the performance at this
new test condition produces more representative values of SACC and CEER
for variable-speed units in comparison to single-speed units. For
variable-speed units, DOE is also introducing a new SACC metric that
reflects operation at full speed (referred to as SACCFull)
to allow
[[Page 31109]]
for comparisons of SACC between single-speed and variable-speed units
on a like-to-like basis and to ensure that measured CEER values for
variable-speed portable ACs are compatible with the energy conservation
standards currently specified at 10 CFR 430.32(cc) for products
manufactured on or after January 10, 2025.
For newly established appendix CC1, this final rule includes the
same new low temperature test condition for variable-speed units.
Additionally, appendix CC1 defines a new SACC metric, applicable to
both single-speed and variable-speed units, that accounts for the
reduced cooling capacity provided by both types of units at the low
temperature test condition. Appendix CC1 defines a new efficiency
metric (i.e., AEER) that, in addition to accounting for the reduced
operation of variable-speed units at the low temperature test
condition, better accounts for the cyclic behavior of single-speed
units at low temperature conditions.
The specific amendments related to each of these issues are
discussed in detail in section III.B.7 of this document, including
summaries of comments received in response to the specific amendments
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR.
As discussed, DOE has issued the LG Waiver and Midea Interim
Waiver, both of which specify alternate test procedures for certain
basic models of variable-speed portable ACs. 85 FR 33643; 86 FR 17803.
This final rule adopts provisions that address the issues presented in
both the LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver. Upon the compliance date
of the test procedure revisions to appendix CC, the LG Waiver and Midea
Interim Waiver will automatically terminate. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3).
6. Representative Average Period of Use
a. Operational Modes
The measured energy performance of a portable AC includes energy
use associated with cooling mode and off-cycle mode during the cooling
season, and inactive mode and off mode for the entire year. In the June
2022 NOPR, DOE considered whether operation in other modes--namely,
heating mode, air circulation mode, and dehumidification mode--should
be included in the portable AC test procedure. DOE tentatively
determined not to address these modes and sought comment on this
tentative determination. 87 FR 34934, 34953-34954. Comments received on
heating mode, air circulation mode, and dehumidification mode are
discussed in sections III.B.8, III.B.9, and III.B.10 of this document,
respectively.
b. Hours of Operation
To determine the energy use during a representative period of use,
the currently applicable DOE test procedure assigns the following hours
of operation for each mode: 750 hours for cooling mode, 880 hours for
off-cycle mode, and 1,355 hours for inactive mode or off mode. (See
section 5.3 of appendix CC.) These operating hours were established in
the June 2016 Final Rule. In that rule, DOE derived these values from
the existing operating hours for room ACs, noting that little usage
data for portable ACs existed at that time. DOE adjusted the room AC
usage data to reflect portable AC usage; for example, inactive mode and
off mode estimates outside of the cooling season were decreased because
portable ACs are more likely to be unplugged outside of the cooling
season as compared to room ACs, which are less portable.\8\ 81 FR
35241, 35258-35259.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ Further information regarding the development of the
operating hours is provided in the February 25, 2015 NOPR and
November 27, 2015 supplemental NOPR for the previous portable AC
test procedure rulemaking, available at www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2014-BT-TP-0014-0009 and www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2014-BT-TP-0014-0021, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE maintains that the analysis
used to develop appendix CC was based on the best available data for
portable AC operation at the time, although it did not take into
account cyclic behavior. To maintain compatibility with existing energy
conservation standards for portable ACs, DOE did not propose any
changes to the operating hours in the amended appendix CC in the June
2022 NOPR, but proposed other appendix CC modifications to account for
variable-speed portable AC efficiency benefits relative to single-speed
portable ACs, specifically associated with the avoidance of cycling
losses, as discussed in section III.B.7.f of this document.
In appendix CC1, to increase overall test procedure
representativeness by accounting for cyclic behavior in single-speed
portable ACs, or the avoidance of cycling for variable-speed units, DOE
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR to reassess the off mode and inactive
mode hours for certain product configurations to reflect hours
previously considered as part of off-cycle mode. The operating hours
defined in appendix CC distinguish between off-cycle mode and cooling
mode. By definition, when portable ACs are in cooling mode, the
compressor is on, meaning that DOE expects 750 hours of compressor
operation per year for single-speed portable ACs. Using the AHRI 210/
240 fractional bin approach discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
determined that single-speed portable ACs operate their compressors for
164 hours per year at the 95 [deg]F test condition and for 586 hours
per year at the 83 [deg]F test condition. 87 FR 34934, 34945. As
discussed in the June 2022 NOPR--based on the AHRI 210/240 Building
Load Calculation found in section 11.2.1.2 of that standard--DOE
expects that single-speed portable ACs operate at a reduced load at the
83 [deg]F test condition, equal to 60 percent of the full cooling load.
Therefore, at the reduced load represented by the 83 [deg]F test
condition, DOE estimates a single-speed portable AC would operate in
cooling mode (i.e., compressor on) for 60 percent of that time and off-
cycle mode (i.e., compressor off) for the remaining 40 percent.
Accordingly, based on DOE's estimate of 586 annual cooling-mode hours
assigned to the 83 [deg]F cooling-mode test condition, which represent
60 percent of the total operating hours at reduced load conditions, DOE
estimated that there are 977 total operating hours at the 83 [deg]F
cooling mode test condition (i.e., including both cooling mode and off-
cycle mode for a single-speed unit) and therefore estimated there are a
total of 391 annual off-cycle mode hours. Because at low loads
variable-speed units operate continuously at a lower compressor speed
during periods of time when single-speed units are in off-cycle mode,
DOE proposed to set the variable-speed portable AC operating hours at
the low test condition equal to the single-speed portable AC operating
hours in cooling mode at the low test condition and off-cycle mode. 87
FR 34934, 34944-34946.
Table III.1 summarizes the June 2022 NOPR proposals for the annual
operating hours for portable ACs in appendix CC and the newly proposed
appendix CC1.
[[Page 31110]]
Table III.1--Annual Operating Hours for Portable ACs as Proposed in June
2022 NOPR
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating mode Appendix CC Appendix CC1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cooling Mode, 95 [deg]F......... \1\ 750 164.
Cooling Mode, 83 [deg]F......... \1\ 750 586 (Single-
Speed).
977 (Variable-
Speed).
Off-Cycle Mode.................. 880 391 (Single-
Speed).
0 (Variable-
Speed).
Off/Inactive Mode............... 1,355 1,844.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ These operating mode hours are for the purposes of calculating
annual energy consumption under different ambient conditions and are
not a division of the total cooling mode operating hours. 750
represents the total cooling mode operating hours.
NYSERDA and the Joint Commenters supported DOE's proposed modified
operating hours in appendix CC1. NYSERDA asserted that they better
reflect reduced capacity at lower outdoor temperatures and account for
the relationship between cyclic behavior and off-cycle mode of single-
speed portable ACs. The Joint Commenters believe that DOE's approach
will better represent the operation of single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs. (NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 2; Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p.
1)
Rice supported deriving the number of operating hours at 95 [deg]F
for both single-speed and variable-speed units from the fractional
hours of occurrence from the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute (``AHRI'') Standard 210/240, ``Performance
Rating of Unitary Air-conditioning & Air-source Heat Pump Equipment''
(``AHRI 210/240''). Rice commented that the variable-speed operating
hours should be identical to that proposed for single-speed units (586
hours), assuming that the 83 [deg]F delivered capacity for variable-
speed units at reduced speed is given as the capacity matching the
required house load at 83 [deg]F per AHRI 210/240 at 100-percent
sizing. Rice also stated that using the fractional off times (0.4 for
single-duct units and 0.4637 for dual-duct units) multiplied by the
effective single-speed hours at net cyclic capacity would result in 234
and 271 off-cycle mode hours for single-duct and dual-duct single-speed
units, respectively. The off-cycle mode hours would be 0 for the
variable-speed units. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
Regarding the proposal from Rice to allocate a total of 586 hours
to cooling mode and off-cycle mode for both single-speed and variable-
speed portable ACs at the 83 [deg]F test condition, as discussed
previously, DOE has previously determined and maintains that the
representative number of cooling mode operating hours for single-speed
portable ACs (i.e., compressor on hours) is 750 hours for the entirety
of the cooling season, with 586 of those hours at the 83 [deg]F test
condition. According to the Rice proposal, only 352 or 315 cooling mode
hours at the 83 [deg]F test condition would be considered, for single-
duct or dual-duct portable ACs, respectively, which would
underrepresent the total number of hours typically spent with the
compressor operating in cooling mode. The DOE approach, as described
previously, considers the same total number of operating hours for
single-speed and variable-speed units in cooling mode and off-cycle
mode, thereby maintaining consistency with prior analyses and providing
a consistent basis of comparison among different portable AC
configurations. This approach aligns with the main objective of the
approach suggested by Rice while ensuring the representativeness of
test results.
For these reasons, in this final rule DOE is adopting the operating
hours proposed in the June 2022 NOPR for appendix CC1, as shown in
Table III.1. As discussed previously, DOE did not propose any
amendments to the operating hours in appendix CC and is not adopting
any amendments to those operating hours in this final rule.
7. Configurations
The current portable AC test procedure in appendix CC addresses two
configurations of portable ACs: dual-duct and single-duct. Appendix CC
currently requires that portable ACs that are able to operate as both a
single-duct and dual-duct portable AC as distributed in commerce by the
manufacturer must be tested and rated for both duct configurations.
(See section 3.1.1 of appendix CC.)
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not propose any amendments to the
configurations addressed by the test procedure in appendix CC and
proposed to adopt the same requirements in the new appendix CC1. 87 FR
34934, 34946.
The Joint Commenters stated that it is important to continue to
require testing and rating for units with both single-duct and dual-
duct configurations in order to provide consumers with relevant
information and to ensure that these units meet minimum standards with
either configuration. The Joint Commenters supported DOE's proposal to
maintain the requirement that if a portable AC can operate in both
single-duct and dual-duct configurations, the model should be tested
and rated for both configurations. (Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 2)
NEEA and NWPCC supported maintaining requirements for separately
testing both portable AC ducting configurations given the difference in
performance between products with these configurations. (NEEA and
NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the previous paragraphs and in the
June 2022 NOPR, DOE is maintaining in appendix CC and adopting in
appendix CC1 the distinction between single-duct and dual-duct
configurations and continues to require that a unit able to operate as
both a single-duct and dual-duct portable AC, as distributed in
commerce by the manufacturer, must be tested and rated for both duct
configurations.
a. Combined-Duct Units
As discussed previously in section III.B.2 of this document, the
Midea Interim Waiver provided specifications to accommodate the
``combined-duct'' configuration of the specified Midea basic models and
DOE is adopting a new definition for ``combined-duct'' in this final
rule.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to include provisions in both
appendix CC and appendix CC1 to test combined-duct portable ACs using
an adapter to interface with the combined duct to allow for individual
connections of the condenser inlet and outlet airflows to the test
facility's measuring apparatuses. DOE further proposed specific
instructions requiring 16 thermocouples and their placement radially
and along the length of the duct to measure temperature variations on
the surface of the combined duct. These combined-duct portable AC test
provisions proposed in the June 2022 NOPR were consistent with the test
[[Page 31111]]
procedure approved by DOE in the Midea Interim Waiver. 87 FR 34934,
34942.
DOE received no comments regarding the combined-duct portable AC
test provisions. In this final rule, for the reasons discussed in the
June 2022 NOPR and Midea Interim Waiver, DOE is adopting the test
provisions discussed above for combined-duct portable ACs in appendix
CC and appendix CC1.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not propose any amendments to the
duct test setup for single-duct or dual-duct portable ACs that do not
contain a combined duct. Appendix CC requires that four thermocouples
be placed on the outside of the duct, or ducts, to measure external
temperature. AHAM PAC-1-2022 has adopted the same combined-duct
approach for all duct configurations in terms of thermocouple
placement, requiring that the duct test setup for all portable ACs
employ 16 thermocouples per duct. DOE has reviewed this approach in
AHAM PAC-1-2022 and concludes that the increased number of
thermocouples for single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs that do not
contain a combined duct is unnecessary and increases test burden, given
that temperature is unlikely to vary radially for any given single
duct. The AHAM PAC-1-2022 approach would require the lab to maintain,
mount, and monitor many times more thermocouples than are necessary for
this testing, and because increasing the number of thermocouples would
not improve the accuracy of the test procedure for non-combined-duct
units, this increase in test burden is not justified. Therefore, DOE
maintains the previous approach in appendix CC and appendix CC1 to
require that only four thermocouples be adhered to each duct for
single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs, except combined-duct portable
ACs, as discussed previously.
8. Cooling Mode
a. Single-Speed Test Conditions
Section 4 of appendix CC measures cooling capacity and overall
power input in cooling mode using one test condition for single-duct
units and two test conditions for dual-duct units. For single-duct
units, the test procedure specifies an 80 [deg]F dry-bulb/67 [deg]F
wet-bulb condenser (``outdoor'') inlet air test condition. For dual-
duct units, condition A specifies a 95 [deg]F dry-bulb/75 [deg]F wet-
bulb outdoor test condition and condition B specifies an 83 [deg]F dry-
bulb/67.5 [deg]F wet-bulb outdoor test condition. See section 4.1 of
appendix CC for the current test requirements and Table 1 in section
4.1 of appendix CC for the list of test conditions.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to maintain the existing test
conditions for single-speed portable ACs in appendix CC. In the June
2022 NOPR, DOE also proposed the same single-speed portable AC test
conditions in appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34946-34947.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, Rice recommended that DOE
consider using a 92.5 [deg]F interpolated value in place of the
measured 95 [deg]F values, stating that 92.5 [deg]F is the true
midpoint of the 85 [deg]F to 100 [deg]F temperature range used in AHRI
210/240. (Rice, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at p. 29)
In past rulemakings, DOE has determined that a 95 [deg]F outdoor
test condition is representative of conditions when cooling is most
needed, an important part of the average use cycle of portable ACs. 81
FR 35241, 35249. Furthermore, DOE notes that the 95 [deg]F test
condition is widely adopted in the portable AC industry, as
demonstrated by its use in AHAM PAC-1-2015 and AHAM PAC-1-2022. While
92.5 [deg]F is the midpoint of the temperature range in AHRI 210/240,
EPCA requires that the DOE test procedure produce results that reflect
a representative average use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)) For the purposes of appendix CC, DOE utilized the building
loads specified by AHRI 210/240 to determine that a 95 [deg]F outdoor
test condition produces the most representative results. On this basis,
DOE continues to conclude that the 95 [deg]F outdoor test condition is
most representative of portable AC full-load performance and continues
to define a 95 [deg]F outdoor test condition in both appendix CC and
appendix CC1.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, AHAM expressed support for DOE's
proposal to include in appendix CC one test condition for single-duct
portable ACs and two test conditions for dual-duct portable ACs as
these test conditions are identical to those found in the AHAM PAC-1-
2022 Draft. AHAM also supported DOE's proposal to adopt in appendix CC
two test configurations for single-duct variable-speed portable ACs and
three test configurations for dual-duct variable-speed portable ACs as
those test conditions were identical to those found in the AHAM PAC-1-
2022 Draft. According to AHAM, this proposal supports its request to
incorporate the final version of AHAM PAC-1-2022 in a final rule as the
Federal test procedure. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 2-3)
For the reasons previously discussed, DOE is maintaining the
existing test conditions for single-speed portable ACs in appendix CC
and appendix CC1 in this final rule.
b. Variable-Speed Compressor Speed Test Conditions and Configurations
The alternate test methods specified in the LG Waiver and Midea
Interim Waiver maintained the test conditions from appendix CC with
respect to dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature. However, the alternate
test methods added compressor speed specifications to the test
conditions for variable-speed units (e.g., a full speed and a reduced
speed for single-duct units at condition C, and a full speed at the
higher temperature test condition, condition A), and two other tests
(e.g., one at full speed and the other at reduced speed at the lower
temperature test condition, condition B). In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
proposed to amend appendix CC to adopt the approach used in the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver to address variable-speed portable ACs.
87 FR 34934, 34942-34944.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE also proposed to adopt in the new
appendix CC1 the same compressor configurations as in the LG Waiver and
Midea Interim Waiver, except requiring only the low compressor speed
configuration at the 83 [deg]F test condition for variable-speed units.
As proposed, this approach would be consistent with two of the three
test conditions found in the AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft. The AHAM PAC-1-2022
Draft included both a full-speed and a reduced-speed compressor
configuration at the 83 [deg]F test condition for variable-speed units.
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE expects that portable ACs will
typically encounter reduced cooling loads when the outdoor temperature
is 83 [deg]F, based on the building load calculation found in section
11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240. Thus, DOE considers the most representative
mode of operation for variable-speed portable ACs to involve reduced
compressor speed when operating at the 83 [deg]F (and therefore lower
cooling load) test condition. 87 FR 34934, 34944.
AHAM cited its AHAM Home Comfort Study, which found that the two
most-common reasons for choosing a portable AC are the ability to move
the unit from room to room (34 percent of consumers), and the ability
to store the unit elsewhere in cooler weather (36 percent of
consumers). AHAM stated that portable ACs may run at higher speeds when
moved due to experiencing a ``hard start'' in an unconditioned, newly
occupied space, and, that it is unlikely that low speed would be
significantly utilized in these scenarios. AHAM stated that units may
[[Page 31112]]
run at higher speeds even at lower outdoor temperatures as the
conditioned space gets closer to the set point. AHAM also noted that
the 2020 RECS showed that the control setting most used by consumers of
individual AC units is to turn the equipment on or off as needed. AHAM
urged DOE to consider full speed operation at 83 [deg]F to maintain
consistency with the AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft and asserted that this would
improve the representativeness of the test procedure. AHAM also
presented data from connected portable ACs to support the use of high-
speed performance to represent operation at the 83 [deg]F test
condition. The data presented by AHAM show the average amount of
running time required to reach the portable AC setpoints in the morning
and in the evening for nine portable ACs. AHAM also included the
average number times the portable ACs cycled per day. (AHAM, No. 18 at
p. 8-9)
DOE appreciates the consumer usage data supplied by AHAM in its
response to the June 2022 NOPR. While DOE agrees that portable ACs may
run at full compressor speed after being plugged in following a move
from one room to another, DOE expects that it is unlikely that
consumers move portable ACs from room to room as part of the average
daily operation of their portable AC, given the amount of effort
involved in uninstalling and reinstalling the ducts and window mounting
bracket, and the likelihood that cooling is generally needed in the
same room every day. Upon review of the supplied connected portable AC
data, while they show that portable ACs on average take longer to reach
their set point in the morning than in the evening and that portable
ACs cycle on average more than once per day, the data do not
definitively show that full-load operation should be represented as
part of the average period of use for an outdoor temperature of 83
[deg]F. In order to determine that portable ACs spend a significant
amount of time in full-load operation at the 83 [deg]F test condition,
DOE would require information relating to: (1) the percentage of
operating time spent or energy consumed by portable ACs under full load
relative to under reduced load; and (2) the outdoor temperatures
experienced during the data collection period. DOE would also need to
determine that the data are representative of average portable AC
operation. The data present no definitive information on operating
time, energy use, or outdoor temperature and the set lacks key context
to determine the representativeness of the sample, such as unit size,
room size, and geographic location. Further, if DOE were able to
determine that these data are representative and that full-load
operation should be considered as representative of part of the average
use cycle at lower temperatures, the data do not indicate how much
weight to give to such operation in calculations. Without clear usage
data showing otherwise, DOE continues to conclude, based on the AHRI
210/240 building load calculation, that the most representative
capacity measurement for the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature condition
captures reduced-speed operation for variable-speed units and cyclic
behavior for single-speed units.
While the 2020 RECS data cited by AHAM do suggest that 36 percent
of portable AC users mainly operate their unit by turning it on and
off, the data miss key context regarding how frequently users turn
their equipment on and off and the test conditions at which they do so.
Without this information, DOE cannot: (1) estimate the amount of time
or energy spent in full load due to this operation; (2) determine how
much of this operation should be attributed to the average period of
use at the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature condition; or (3) conclude
from the RECS data that full-load operation is a representative part of
the average period of use at the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature
condition. As the data provided by AHAM is inconclusive with regards to
full-speed operation at the 83 [deg]F test condition, DOE expects that
portable ACs will typically encounter reduced cooling loads when the
outdoor temperature is 83 [deg]F, based on the building load
calculation found in section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240. Thus, and
lacking conclusive user data that show otherwise, DOE continues to
conclude that the most representative mode of operation for portable
ACs at lower-temperature (and therefore lower cooling load) test
conditions involves reduced compressor speed for variable-speed
portable ACs and cyclic operation for single-speed portable ACs. For
this reason, the DOE test procedure adopted in this final rule requires
testing variable-speed portable ACs at a single representative reduced-
speed test condition and DOE is providing annual hours of operation at
the 83 [deg]F test condition for cooling mode operation in the new
appendix CC1.
c. Compressor Speed Control Methodology
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed that for variable-speed
portable ACs, in both appendix CC and the proposed new appendix CC1,
the full compressor speed be achieved by using ``native controls''
(i.e., with user controls) with the thermostat setpoint set at 75
[deg]F, and achieve the low compressor speed using supplemental test
instructions and settings provided by the manufacturer to DOE and
laboratories. The approach proposed in the June 2022 NOPR is consistent
with the alternate test procedure specified in the Midea Interim Waiver
and with AHAM PAC-1-2022 but represents a change from the procedure
specified in the LG Waiver, which specifies using supplemental test
instructions and settings provided by the manufacturer to achieve full
compressor speed, and would require re-testing of the models listed in
that waiver. 87 FR 34934, 34947.
The Joint Commenters supported DOE's proposal to require that
variable speed units operate under their native controls, with the
thermostat setpoint at 75 [deg]F, to achieve the full compressor speed
operation. The Joint Commenters asserted that this would better reflect
how a variable-speed unit would operate in the field compared to
testing at fixed manufacturer settings. (Joint Commenters, No. 19 at
pp. 1-2)
For the reasons discussed in the preceding paragraphs and in the
June 2022 NOPR, in revisions to appendix CC and the new appendix CC1,
DOE is adopting the native control and manufacturer setting approach
set forth in the Midea Interim Waiver and proposed in the June 2022
NOPR, which are consistent with the compressor speed setting
requirements contained in AHAM PAC-1-2022.
d. Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity
Under the current test procedure, a unit's SACC is calculated as
the weighted average of two full-load tests at the 95 [deg]F and 83
[deg]F test conditions. (See section 5.2 of appendix CC.) The LG Waiver
and Midea Interim Waiver changed the operating condition for variable-
speed portable ACs at the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature test condition
to use a reduced-speed test. As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE
expects that portable ACs will typically encounter reduced cooling
loads when the outdoor temperature is 83 [deg]F, based on the building
load calculation found in section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/240. Thus, DOE
considers the most representative mode of operation for portable ACs at
the 83 [deg]F (and therefore lower cooling load) test condition to
involve reduced compressor speed for variable-speed portable ACs. 87 FR
34934, 34944.
[[Page 31113]]
Because reduced-compressor speed operation is most representative
of performance at 83 [deg]F, DOE proposed in the June 2022 NOPR to
adopt for appendix CC the Midea Interim Waiver approach of determining
SACC for variable-speed portable ACs using the low compressor speed to
represent part-load operation at the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature test
condition. DOE additionally proposed to add a new capacity metric for
variable-speed portable ACs in appendix CC, SACCFull, which
calculates capacity using full compressor speed performance at the
lower test condition to facilitate consumer comparisons between single-
speed and variable-speed portable ACs. For appendix CC1, DOE proposed
to account for single-speed cyclic behavior and variable-speed low
compressor speed operation expected at lower loads by modifying the
SACC calculation to reflect reduced capacity when operating at the low
(83 [deg]F) test condition. 87 FR 34934, 34948.
NYSERDA supported DOE's proposed modified SACC in appendix CC1,
asserting that they better reflect reduced capacity at lower outdoor
temperatures and account for the relationship between cyclic behavior
and off-cycle mode of single-speed portable ACs. (NYSERDA, No. 17 at p.
2)
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, AHAM requested that DOE clarify
how the proposed appendix CC1 capacity factors were calculated along
with the base data used in these calculations. (AHAM, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 16 at p. 24)
The California IOUs also urged DOE to provide more details on how
the load factors for single-duct and dual-duct units were derived using
AHRI Standard 210/240. (California IOUs, No. 20 at p. 2)
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE calculated the load factors
based on the building load calculation in section 11.2.1.2 of AHRI 210/
240 to estimate the typical cooling load when the outdoor temperature
is 83 [deg]F, assuming that full-load conditions are at a temperature
of 95 [deg]F. For single-duct units, this load factor is calculated to
be 0.6. While all portable AC configurations experience the same indoor
cooling load at each of the test conditions, dual-duct portable AC
performance is impacted by the changes in the outdoor air temperature
(i.e., cooling capacity increases relative to the 95 [deg]F outdoor
condition as outdoor process air temperature decreases due to the
cooler outdoor air being more effective at removing heat from the
condenser). Single-duct portable ACs do not experience this effect
because the air entering the condenser is always the same indoor air
temperature of 80 [deg]F, regardless of the outdoor air temperature.
This cooling capacity increase results in a full-load cooling capacity
for dual-duct portable ACs at 83 [deg]F that is higher than the full-
load cooling capacity at 95 [deg]F, which is the basis of the AHRI 210/
240 building load calculation used to calculate load factors.
Therefore, DOE used a capacity adjustment factor developed during the
room AC rulemaking using thermodynamic modeling \9\ to estimate the
cooling capacity increase for dual-duct portable ACs when operating at
the 83 [deg]F test condition relative to the 95 [deg]F test condition,
and thereby adjusted the single-duct cooling load factor of 60 percent
as listed in AHRI 210/240 to a cooling load factor of 53.63 percent of
full load operation for dual-duct portable ACs when operating at the 83
[deg]F outdoor temperature. 87 FR 34934, 34948.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ For more information on this capacity adjustment for room
ACs, see the test procedure final rule published on March 29, 2021.
86 FR 16446, 16458.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rice noted that had the single speed ACC83 values been
defined as the compressor-on capacities at 83 [deg]F, their run time
hours would be less and different for the single-duct and dual-duct
cases. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
The ACC at the 83 [deg]F test condition in appendix CC1 represents
the total cooling provided per hour at a given test condition, and
accounts for cyclic behavior in single-speed units by using a
fractional load factor rather than by adjusting the operating hours
spent in cooling mode. While it would be possible to adjust the
operating hours to account for the cyclic behavior, the test procedure
accomplishes the same goal while maintaining the representative
operating hours discussed above by multiplying the capacity measured
for single-speed units at the 83 [deg]F test condition by the load
factor (different for single-duct and dual-duct units) to adjust for
the percent of time spent in off-cycle mode with the compressor off
when the unit is not providing any cooling.
AHAM opposed DOE's proposed calculation of SACC including low
compressor speed as, according to AHAM, the proposed SACC calculation
is not representative of the normal operation of a variable-speed
portable AC and would increase consumer confusion. AHAM stated that
although seasonal weighting for different temperature conditions is
appropriate, the full capability of portable ACs at each temperature
condition should be the reported capacity, as is the case for central
and room ACs. AHAM stated that variable-speed portable ACs are likely
to spend a significant portion of time at high compressor speed, even
at a lower temperature condition; therefore, DOE should require only
one SACC calculation, equivalent to SACCFull. AHAM stated
that SACCFull should suffice as a basis of comparison
between single- and variable-speed units and suggested using AHAM PAC-
1-2022 Draft, which calculates SACC using only full compressor speed.
AHAM added that changing the capacity metric for portable ACs to
further lower reported portable AC efficiency is unwarranted as AHAM
PAC-1-2022 Draft accounts for efficiency losses particular to portable
ACs. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 3-4, 6)
EPCA requires that DOE's test procedures be reasonably designed to
produce test results that measure energy efficiency and estimated
annual operating cost during a representative average use cycle or
period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) As the SACC metric is determined
using the DOE test and also used to estimate annual operating cost,
EPCA requires that the SACC metric be representative of an average use
cycle. As discussed previously, DOE considers the most representative
mode of operation for portable ACs at the 83 [deg]F (and therefore
lower cooling load) test conditions to involve reduced compressor speed
for variable-speed portable ACs. Because reduced-compressor speed
operation is most representative of performance at 83 [deg]F, in
appendix CC, variable-speed SACC is calculated using the capacity
measured from the reduced compressor speed configuration in accordance
with the LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver approach. The
SACCFull metric is employed and represents full-speed
capacity at both test conditions, as recommended by AHAM, to allow
consumers to easily compare the capacities of variable-speed and
single-speed portable ACs and to maintain compatibility with the
existing portable AC standards, which are calculated based on single-
speed SACC. The approach in appendix CC maintains a representative
capacity metric for variable-speed portable ACs (SACC), while
addressing comparability with the new capacity metric
(SACCFull).
AHAM opposed DOE's proposal in appendix CC1 to include de-rating
factors for single-duct units to account for cyclic behavior from part-
load operation at the low (83 [deg]F) test condition for comparison
between single-speed and variable-speed models. AHAM stated that home
appliance
[[Page 31114]]
manufacturers believe capacity entails the unit's ability to cool down
a room (i.e., what the unit is capable of providing) and compared this
rationale with other home appliances to support the same approach for
portable AC capacity reporting. According to AHAM, capacity
representations should be based on what the unit is capable of. AHAM
added that the AHRI standard only measures capacity using full speed
and therefore is not used in the correct context under DOE's proposed
de-rating value for single-duct portable ACs, which is based on the
standard. AHAM requested that de-rating factors should be the same for
single-duct and dual-duct units as single-duct units will experience a
decreased load at the low ambient temperature as well due to the lower
temperature of infiltration air. According to AHAM, DOE's proposal
inappropriately punishes dual-duct units when decreased operation could
translate to increased overall efficiency. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 4-6)
As discussed previously and in the June 2022 NOPR, because DOE
determined that the low compressor speed test configuration at the low
temperature test condition is most representative of portable AC
operation, the most representative SACC metric is based on this
capacity. This determination is consistent with the requirement under
EPCA that the portable AC capacity metric be representative of an
average period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) DOE has adopted a
relevant industry standard, AHRI 210/240, to account for single-speed
cyclic behavior under this test condition, with modifications necessary
to ensure compatibility with the EPCA requirements regarding
measurements of a representative use cycle, as provided for in section
8.c of appendix A to subpart C of to 10 CFR part 430.\10\ In both
appendix CC (for variable-speed units only) and appendix CC1 (for all
units), DOE modified the load factor of 0.6 derived from the building
load calculation for use in the ACC83 calculation to account
for the difference in full-load cooling capacity at the 95 [deg]F and
83 [deg]F test conditions, as discussed in the June 2022 NOPR and in
this final rule. 87 FR 34934, 34949. Single-duct units do not require
this adjustment to the building load calculation because the air
entering the condenser is always the same indoor air temperature of 80
[deg]F and there is no difference in cooling capacity between test
conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ This appendix establishes procedures, interpretations, and
policies to guide DOE in the consideration and promulgation of new
or revised appliance energy conservation standards and test
procedures under EPCA, and is commonly referred to as the ``Appendix
A.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHAM stated that because the SACC calculations proposed by DOE are
different than the nominal ASHRAE capacity, users who are accustomed to
making purchase decisions based on nominal capacity (full capacity, as
measured in the test procedure) or who have little or no background on
SACC could be confused as a result. Additionally, AHAM stated that
manufacturers would face additional burden in educating consumers and
retailers on SACC and the deviation from ASHRAE ratings. AHAM also
stated that DOE's proposed SACC calculation will exacerbate the
challenges manufacturers already have in providing accurate room sizes.
AHAM added that DOE's proposed SACC calculation results in a lower
number than the SACC calculation in AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft which, if
implemented, would likely cause consumers to purchase a unit that is
too large for the space and will perform less efficiently and less
effectively than a smaller, properly sized unit. According to AHAM, the
sizing recommendations found on DOE's website and EPA's website are
based on the full capacity that the unit is capable of delivering and
do not account for different compressor speeds, which may lead to
consumers purchasing oversized units. AHAM stated that the SACC
calculation in AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft properly marks portable ACs and
better matches these sizing tables, allowing consumers to select units
that operate efficiently according to space needs. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp.
5-6)
DOE understands that the use of reduced-load performance in
calculating SACC may be confusing to consumers in the short term, given
the wide range of guidance available that refers to SACC calculated
using only full-load performance. The new metric, SACCFull,
will be available for consumers to rely on until the new appendix CC1
is effective and required for representations. In the interim, while
appendix CC remains in effect, manufacturers must additionally
represent variable-speed portable AC capacity using
SACCFull, maintaining comparability with SACC as currently
calculated using appendix CC. Manufacturers and retailers will have
time to educate consumers on the changes to SACC resulting from the new
test procedure during the period until appendix CC1 would become
required for testing and rating.
In this final rule, DOE is maintaining the current SACC calculation
for single-speed units in the revised appendix CC. The SACC for
variable-speed units in appendix CC shall be calculated using the low
compressor speed at the 83 [deg]F test condition, consistent with the
previously granted LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver. DOE is also
amending appendix CC to include a new capacity metric for variable-
speed portable ACs, SACCFull, that uses the full compressor
speed at the 83 [deg]F test condition, and a corresponding definition
for the new metric.
To ensure proper use of the new SACCFull metric when
determining compliance of a variable-speed portable AC in accordance
with the energy conservation standards that go into effect for single-
duct and dual-duct portable ACs manufactured on or after January 10,
2025, DOE is amending the text in 10 CFR 430.32(cc) to clarify which
capacity metric shall be used when determining compliance.
Specifically, DOE is adjusting the equation description to clarify that
for a single-speed portable AC, ``SACC'' is seasonally adjusted cooling
capacity, in Btu/h, as determined in appendix CC, whereas for a
variable-speed portable AC, ``SACC'' is the full-load seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity (i.e., SACCFull), in Btu/h, as
determined in appendix CC.
For appendix CC1, DOE is adopting an updated SACC calculation for
all portable ACs that uses the measured cooling capacity at the 83
[deg]F test condition. For variable-speed portable ACs, the cooling
capacity at that condition is measured with low compressor speed. For
single-speed portable ACs, the measured cooling capacity at the 83
[deg]F test condition is multiplied by a load factor of 0.6 for single-
duct units and 0.5363 for dual-duct units.
e. Weighting Factors
The current portable AC test procedure calculates SACC and CEER as
weighted averages of the results of various calculations based on the
measured capacity and power values at the two portable AC test
conditions, representing outdoor temperatures of 95 [deg]F and 83
[deg]F. Both equations use weighting factors of 0.2 and 0.8 for the two
test conditions, respectively. (See section 5.4 of appendix CC.)
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE did not propose amendments to the
existing weighting factors in appendix CC. However, for appendix CC1,
based on the new set of operating hours, revised capacity equation, and
new efficiency equation intended to improve representativeness (see
sections III.B.6.b, III.B.7.d, and III.B.7.g of this final rule,
respectively), in the June
[[Page 31115]]
2022 NOPR, DOE proposed weighting factors of 0.144 and 0.856 for the 95
[deg]F and 83 [deg]F test conditions, respectively. 87 FR 34934, 34949.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, Rice suggested that weighting
factors of 0.218 and 0.782 for the 95 [deg]F and 83 [deg]F test
condition, respectively, are the appropriate basis for the new
weighting factors in appendix CC1 in place of the weighting factors
proposed in the NOPR. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 1)
Because DOE is adopting new operating hours in appendix CC1, as
discussed previously in section III.B.6.b of this document, the
weighting factors adopted in appendix CC1 must reflect those new
operating hours in order to maintain internal test procedure
consistency and produce the most representative capacity value. The
weighting factors adopted in appendix CC1 are used in the SACC
calculation, while the AEER calculation uses operating hours to
properly represent the annual cooling provided within that efficiency
calculation. Using the AHRI 210/240 building load calculation alone,
without factoring in the appendix CC1 operating hours, results in
weighting factors of 0.218 and 0.782. However, the weighting factors
used in appendix CC1 represent the total time DOE expects portable ACs
to operate at each test condition and not only the cooling mode
operation at each test condition. Considering the portion of the
appendix CC1 total cooling mode and off-cycle mode hours spent at each
temperature condition (see Table III.1 in section III.B.6.b of this
document), 14.4 percent of the total cooling mode hours are allocated
to the 95 [deg]F test condition and 85.6 percent to the 83 [deg]F test
condition, corresponding to weighting factors of 0.144 and 0.856. 87 FR
34934, 34949. DOE continues to conclude, as was proposed in the June
2022 NOPR and used in AHAM PAC-1-2022, that weighting factors of 0.144
and 0.856 corresponding to the 95 [deg]F test condition and the 83
[deg]F test condition, respectively, are representative of the portable
AC average period of use. DOE is therefore adopting them for the SACC
calculation in appendix CC1.
f. Cycling Losses
Historically, portable ACs have been designed using a single-speed
compressor, which operates at full cooling capacity while the
compressor is on. When the required cooling load in a space is less
than the full cooling capacity of the unit, a single-speed compressor
cycles on and off. This cycling behavior introduces inefficiencies
often referred to as ``cycling losses.'' In addition, single-speed
portable ACs may experience inefficiencies by continuing to operate the
blower fan during compressor off periods after the evaporator coils
have warmed to the point that any further fan operation does not
contribute to the unit's overall cooling capacity. These two types of
inefficiencies occur only for single-speed portable ACs. As discussed
in the June 2022 NOPR, variable-speed ACs avoid such inefficiencies
because their compressors run continuously, adjusting their speeds as
required to match the cooling load. 87 FR 34934, 34949-34950.
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed a means of
accounting for the losses associated with single-speed cyclical
operation at reduced conditions, namely the use of a cycling factor
(``CF'') of 0.82, in both appendix CC and the new appendix CC1, based
on available test data and consistent with the value in AHAM PAC-1-
2022, to adjust the measured efficiency to represent the expected
losses when operating at the low test condition that are not otherwise
captured as part of the test. 87 FR 34934, 34949-34950.
In response to the proposed cycling loss factor of 0.82 proposed in
the June 2022 NOPR, DOE received the following comments.
The California IOUs agreed with DOE's methodology and the proposed
cycling loss factor of 0.82 and requested any additional information
regarding the units tested--such as the range of efficiency rating and
capacity and if the tested units were single duct or dual duct, as well
as the methodology used in unit selection. (California IOUs, No. 20 at
p. 2)
ASAP and the Joint Commenters encouraged DOE to fully account for
the losses of single-speed units in the determination of an appropriate
CF value by including the energy required to operate the blower fan
during compressor off periods after the evaporator coils have warmed to
the point that any further fan operation does not contribute to the
unit's overall cooling capacity. ASAP and the Joint Commenters believe
the CF proposed by DOE is therefore too high and artificially deflates
the calculated CEER of variable-speed units relative to the CEER of
single-speed units. According to the Joint Commenters, if the
efficiency metric fails to appropriately recognize the full performance
benefits of variable-speed units, manufacturers will have less
incentive to adopt variable-speed technology. (ASAP, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 16 at p. 16; Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 2)
The test procedure in both appendix CC and appendix CC1 accounts
for the cyclic losses for single-speed units (i.e., compressor cycling
losses and fan operation in off-cycle mode). The cycling loss factor
incorporated in the cooling mode power calculation for both appendix CC
and appendix CC1 accounts for cycling losses due to the compressor
itself turning on and off. The off-cycle mode power measurement as a
part of the annual energy consumed in the denominator of the CEER and
AEER calculations accounts for the energy used by the fan blower motor
with the compressor off (i.e., fan operation during off-cycle mode). In
the CEER and AEER equations, these two types of cycling losses are
addressed, with the cooling mode power as adjusted with the cycling
loss factor and the off-cycle mode average power multiplied by the
relevant operating hours to determine the total cooling mode and off-
cycle mode energy use, which is considered along with the energy use
for all other modes measured in the test procedure to calculate the
total energy consumed. In this way, both CEER and AEER are fully
representative of the energy use differences between single-speed and
variable-speed portable ACs.
ASAP and the Joint Commenters believe that as DOE's test results
showed significant differences in CFs across units (ranging from 76 to
86 percent), using a single CF for all single speed units would fail to
capture the efficiency benefits of units with improved cycling
performance. ASAP and the Joint Commenters therefore proposed that DOE
consider establishing a conservative CF value and allow manufacturers
who demonstrate improved performance under cycling operation to measure
and use a CF value determined by testing. ASAP further requested that
DOE require measurement of the CF in the test procedure to improve
representativeness. (ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at p. 16;
Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 2)
Rice stated that DOE's proposed cycling loss factor of 0.82
appeared to be derived using the load factor for dual-duct portable
ACs. Rice suggested that different cycling loss factors should
therefore be used for the two different ducting configurations because
they also have different load factors. According to Rice, this new
single-speed single-duct portable AC cycling loss factor should be
0.844. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 2)
While DOE agrees that it would be most representative to test the
cycling loss factor for each individual unit, such testing involves
significant time and technician expertise that would represent a large
test burden increase
[[Page 31116]]
that would not be outweighed by the potential benefit of increased
accuracy in the cycling factor. To measure CFs for the June 2022 NOPR,
DOE performed cyclic tests, which triggered single-speed portable AC
cycling by remotely adjusting the setpoint of the test unit in a cyclic
pattern while it was in the test chamber, simulating the behavior of
the unit when the room temperature reaches the unit setpoint. Such a
test required an additional hour or more of test time with the
technician closely supervising the test. Additionally, this cyclic test
procedure is not codified in any industry standard. Further, the test
did not always produce results. In order to conduct the test, the unit
must be controlled remotely from outside the test chamber. One unit in
DOE's test sample was unable to be controlled in this way and so the
test could not be conducted. The June 2022 NOPR test sample is
representative of single-duct portable ACs, including units from three
manufacturers and cooling capacities ranging between 4,000 Btu/h and
10,000 Btu/h. While there is some variation in the CFs measured during
testing in support of the June 2022 NOPR, DOE maintains that using the
average of the measured CFs is the best approach to produce a
representative test procedure in appendix CC and appendix CC1, because
it incorporates a representative sample of portable ACs and represents
the only portable AC-specific cycling loss data available to DOE.
Furthermore, this approach of using a universal average cycling loss
factor from these data does not add any additional test burden, which
would be significant should a cyclic test be performed for each unit.
Additionally, while manufacturers may be able to mitigate some effects
of cycling losses, single-speed portable ACs must cycle on and off to
maintain a given load, which directly leads to cycling losses,
suggesting that while there may be some differences in unit-specific
CFs, it would be appropriate to reflect cycling losses inherent to all
single-speed units using a single representative CF in lieu of overly
burdensome and complex cycling tests. Therefore, DOE maintains that,
for single-duct units, the average CF of 0.82 derived from cyclic
portable AC testing conducted for the June 2022 NOPR is representative
of efficiency losses attributable to compressor cycling, and DOE is
therefore adopting this factor for single-speed units in appendix CC
and appendix CC1.
To address comments from interested parties suggesting that the
proposed cycling loss factors should reflect the behavior of all
portable AC configurations, DOE completed additional investigative
testing on dual-duct portable AC cycling loss factors. This testing was
conducted in the same manner as the testing described in the June 2022
NOPR: DOE performed cyclic tests, which triggered single-speed portable
AC cycling by remotely adjusting the setpoint of the test unit in a
cyclic pattern while it was in the test chamber, simulating the
behavior of the unit when the room temperature reaches the unit
setpoint. DOE obtained cooling capacity and power data for two dual-
duct units with test lengths of 10 minutes and 30 minutes. The relative
efficiency during cycling operation as a percentage of efficiency
during continuous operation for dual-duct portable ACs (i.e., the
cycling loss factors) observed from these tests are summarized in Table
III.2.
Table III.2--Tested Cycling Factors for Dual-Duct Portable ACs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test Length 30 min (%) 10 min (%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 1........................................ 72 76
Unit 2........................................ 80 81
-------------------------
Combined Avg.................................. 77
------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the test sample is limited and displays similar amounts of
variance between units as the single-duct samples from the June 2022
NOPR, the data show that on average, and individually, the cycling loss
factors for dual-duct portable ACs are lower than those originally
proposed in the June 2022 NOPR. Based on these data and Rice's
explanation that the difference in loading factors should lead to a
difference in CFs, in this final rule DOE is adopting a CF of 0.77 for
dual-duct portable ACs and maintaining the previously proposed CF of
0.82 for single-duct portable ACs in appendix CC and appendix CC1,
thereby improving representativeness for both portable AC
configurations as compared to the single CF specified in AHAM PAC-1-
2022.
According to Rice, one would have expected a larger cyclic
degradation factor compared to that previously determined for single-
speed room ACs.\11\ Rice suggested that this may be due to the room AC
cyclic loss determination potentially being for continuous fan
operation (i.e., ``cool'' mode), which gives a higher cyclic
degradation result than in an energy-saving mode. Rice therefore
requested that DOE clarify if the cyclic loss factors were determined
differently for the portable AC versus room AC applications and to
provide a report on the details of the lab cyclic testing for both
portable ACs and room ACs to best document this work as reference
points for future investigations into cyclic loss factors in both cool
mode and energy-saving mode for these products. (Rice, No. 21 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ For room ACs, DOE defines a CF of 0.81 for the lowest test
condition (i.e., test condition 4), for calculating the theoretical
comparable single-speed room AC adjusted combined energy efficiency
ratio. See section 5.3.8 of appendix F to subpart B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As described previously and in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE based the
CFs for this portable AC test procedure on portable AC test data using
a manual cycling approach, independent of the testing conducted for the
recent room AC rulemaking. Additionally, the room AC cycling loss
factor included fan operation, which the portable AC CF does not
include because fan operation is measured by the off-cycle mode test.
More information regarding the room AC rulemaking, including test data
and discussion of the derivation of the cycling loss factor used for
room ACs, can be found in the room AC test procedure rulemaking
docket.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ The room AC test procedure docket is available at
www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2017-BT-TP-0012.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this final rule, DOE is accounting for cycling losses in the
amended appendix CC using the test procedure waiver approach, as
previously discussed. Based on DOE's investigative testing and feedback
from commenters, DOE is amending appendix CC to adopt a CF of 0.82 and
0.77 for single-duct and dual-duct units, respectively, when
calculating the performance of a theoretical comparable single-speed
unit.
In the new appendix CC1, DOE accounts for cycling losses directly
in the single-speed portable AC CEER calculation, using the same CF
adopted for appendix CC, 0.82 for single-duct units and 0.77 for dual-
duct units.
g. Energy Efficiency Calculations
The current portable AC test procedure at appendix CC represents
efficiency using CEER, an efficiency metric calculated as the weighted
average of the condition-specific CEER values, including the AEC in
cooling mode, off-cycle mode, and off or inactive mode.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to retain the existing appendix
CC approach when determining single-speed portable AC efficiency, but
proposed to amend appendix CC to adopt the general approach from the LG
[[Page 31117]]
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver to determine variable-speed portable AC
efficiency. The waiver approach addresses the efficiency impacts of
single-speed compressor cycling using a performance adjustment factor
(``PAF''). The PAF, which represents the average performance
improvement of the variable-speed unit relative to a theoretical
comparable single-duct single-speed unit at reduced operating
conditions, is applied to the measured variable-speed unit efficiency.
87 FR 34934, 34951.
Additionally, in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE proposed to add a new
appendix CC1 that directly accounts for cycling losses in the
efficiency ratings for all portable AC configurations by using a new
efficiency metric, annual energy efficiency ratio (AEER), that
represents efficiency as the total annual cooling divided by the total
annual energy consumption (AEC), with single-speed compressor losses
and reduced cooling at the low test condition all considered.
AHAM stated that DOE's proposed capacity calculation using a
reduced compressor speed configuration results in a lower CEER for
variable-speed units. AHAM opposed DOE's compressor speed methodology
and recommended using AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft, which calculates CEER with
both high and low compressor speeds for the low temperature conditions.
(AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 6-7)
While simply reducing the capacity values used in the CEER or AEER
calculation without other changes to the efficiency equations would
inherently reduce the calculated and rated efficiency, DOE notes that
the CEER and AEER equations in appendix CC and CC1, respectively, also
consider the power draw of variable-speed portable ACs at these lower
capacities. Furthermore, using the capacity measured with the full
compressor speed for the low test condition portion of the efficiency
equation would not be representative of real-world operation. As
discussed in the June 2022 NOPR and in section III.B.7.b of this
document, DOE considers reduced compressor speed operation to be
representative of variable-speed portable AC operation when the outdoor
temperature is 83 [deg]F, and AHAM has not provided sufficient evidence
to justify the use of the full-speed operation as part of a
representative average period of use, or what portion of the
representative period of use full-speed operation would represent.
Therefore, DOE continues to conclude that reduced compressor speed
operation at the lower outdoor temperature condition is representative
of average portable AC use and should be the basis for the CEER and
AEER calculations.
AHAM stated that CEER calculations for portable ACs should be
treated in the same fashion as similar products like room and central
ACs where full compressor speed is considered at multiple air
conditions and therefore should be updated accordingly by DOE. (AHAM,
No. 18 at p.7)
As discussed previously in section III.B.6 of this section, DOE
considers amendments to address and improve the representativeness of
the test procedure, as required by EPCA. (See 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
When considering amending the portable AC test procedure to account for
variable-speed operation in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE determined that the
most representative compressor speed at the upper, 95 [deg]F outdoor
test condition was full speed and the most representative compressor
speed at the lower, 83 [deg]F outdoor test condition was low speed. 87
FR 34934, 34946-34947. Similarly, the room AC test procedure requires
full compressor speed at the two higher outdoor temperature conditions
and reduced compressor speed at the two lower outdoor temperature test
conditions. The central AC test procedure, however, does include a
full-load test at low-temperature test conditions, but this reflects
the consumer usage patterns for central ACs, which are likely different
than those for room ACs or portable ACs, which occur over a wider range
of temperatures and a larger number of hours. Therefore, DOE continues
to conclude that the CEER calculation for portable ACs should use
reduced compressor speed measurements for capacity and power when
calculating CEER in appendix CC.
The California IOUs supported DOE's proposal to change the
efficiency metric for portable ACs to AEER given the differences in use
and ducting between portable ACs and similar products. According to a
recently survey conducted by the California IOUs,\13\ 47 percent of
room AC owners use their room ACs as the sole source of air
conditioning compared to 22 percent of portable AC owners; all room AC
condenser inlets draw air from the outside while only 13 percent of
portable AC condenser inlets use outside air; 44 percent of portable AC
users use their unit every day or most days compared to 67 percent of
room AC users; and 54 percent of portable AC users are located in the
West, while the largest percentage of room AC users are based in the
Northeast (37 percent). Based on the data obtained from their recent
survey, the California IOUs estimated an average weekly usage of 53
percent for portable ACs and 69 percent for room ACs, and suggested
that these differences support DOE's decision not to align the portable
AC and room AC test procedures and the proposal for the new AEER metric
for portable ACs, clarifying to consumers that the efficiency ratings
for room ACs and portable ACs are not comparable. (California IOUs, No.
20 at pp. 2-6)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ The full-length survey was provided to the docket along
with the comment from the California IOUs and is available at
www.regulations.gov/comment/EERE-2020-BT-TP-0029-0020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHAM stated that the approach in AHAM PAC-1-2022 Draft is
representative with no need to depart from it and therefore urged DOE
to follow its stated policy of adopting industry test procedures that
satisfy statutory conditions rather than adopting a new efficiency
metric that would further confuse consumers with respect to an
appliance category that already uses too many metrics. AHAM added that
SEER, CEER, and AEER are not sufficiently distinctive to provide
meaningful information to the consumer. AHAM opposed DOE's approach to
calculating AEER and urged DOE to continue using CEER as its efficiency
metric. (AHAM, No. 18 at pp. 8-9)
As discussed in section III.B.3.a of this document, DOE considers
many parts of AHAM PAC-1-2022 to be representative and is incorporating
by reference and generally adopting the AHAM PAC-1-2022 test procedure
in appendix CC1. However, as also discussed in section III.B.3.a, DOE
considers reduced compressor speed operation to be most representative
of portable AC use at the low test condition, based on the building
load calculation found in AHRI 210/240. Therefore, DOE continues to
conclude that an efficiency metric using capacity and power
measurements must be based on the reduced compressor speed test
configuration to calculate performance at the 83 [deg]F outdoor test
configuration as it is most representative and has adopted this
approach in appendix CC1. In this final rule, DOE is adopting a new
AEER energy efficiency metric for portable ACs in appendix CC1 to
replace the CEER metric and adding a corresponding definition for the
new AEER efficiency metric. The AEER metric generally aligns within the
CEER equation in AHAM PAC-1-2022 but retains the low compressor speed
operation as representative of performance at the low test condition.
Rice stated that as all the ACC values ACC83 for single-
and variable-speed equipment are the net cyclic or reduced
[[Page 31118]]
speed values per appendix CC1, these values should all be multiplied by
the same number of hours at 83 [deg]F, which is equal to the fractional
hours at 83 [deg]F multiplied by 750 total hours, to give the delivered
cooling at that condition in the numerator of the AEER equation. (Rice,
No. 21 at p. 1)
DOE agrees that in appendix CC1, the capacity calculated for the 83
[deg]F test condition, ACC83, should be multiplied by the
same number of hours for both single-speed and variable-speed units in
the AEER equation, because ACC83 represents the rate of
cooling provided by both types of units at that test condition,
adjusted to account for the reduced amount of cooling provided by
single-speed portable ACs due to cyclic behavior. According to the new
appendix CC1 operating hours, DOE expects that variable-speed portable
ACs operate in cooling mode for the entirety of the 977 hours spent at
the 83 [deg]F test condition, while single-speed units spend 586 hours
in cooling mode and 391 of these hours in off-cycle mode when the
outdoor temperature is 83 [deg]F. For single-speed units,
ACC83 is adjusted using a load factor to account for time
spent with the compressor off in off-cycle mode due to cycling. For
variable-speed units, ACC83 reflects the reduced compressor
speed operation at the low test condition, and therefore the reduced
cooling capacity of variable-speed compressors. Because
ACC83 accounts for reduced cooling capacity (i.e., for
single-speed units, reflecting the time spent in off-cycle mode; and
for variable-speed units, reflecting the reduced cooling provided
during time spent at the low test condition), ACC83 should
be multiplied by 977, the total number of hours associated with reduced
cooling load operation (i.e., for single-speed units, the total hours
spent in cooling mode at the reduced temperature test condition and in
off-cycle mode; and for variable-speed units, the total number of hours
spent in cooling mode at the reduced temperature test condition).
Rice supported the use of AEER for portable AC applications given
the potential for possible negative delivered cooling fractions for
portable ACs and stated that in doing so, DOE seems to acknowledge that
the current weighting factor method for CEER in appendix CC is only an
approximation of the appropriate binned seasonal performance
calculation. Rice further requested that manufacturers be required to
report AEER in any case as AEER values can be used to estimate annual
energy use, while CEER values cannot. In addition, Rice stated that
AEER does not incur the approximations to seasonal performance of the
existing weighting equations used for CEER, and that reporting AEER
would allow consumers to make appropriate accurate cost savings and
payback calculations for variable vs single-speed portable AC units.
(Rice, No. 21 at pp. 2-3)
As discussed in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE is retaining the CEER
equation from the LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver alternative test
procedures for variable-speed units in appendix CC to maintain
compatibility with existing standards. 87 FR 34934, 34944. While DOE
agrees that the AEER calculation is the most representative way to
calculate portable AC efficiency, the CEER calculation in the LG Waiver
and Midea Interim Waiver reasonably represents the efficiency of a
variable-speed portable AC relative to a single-speed portable AC and
retains compatibility with the existing energy conservation standards.
DOE is not amending the certification or reporting requirements for
portable ACs in this final rule. Instead, DOE may consider proposals to
amend the certification and reporting requirements for portable ACs
under a separate rulemaking regarding appliance certification.
h. Load-Based Testing
The existing DOE and industry-accepted standards for testing
portable ACs measure cooling capacity and energy efficiency ratio when
the portable AC operates continuously at fixed indoor and outdoor
temperatures and humidity conditions (i.e., a constant-temperature
test), using an air enthalpy approach.\14\ In contrast, a load-based
test either fixes or varies the amount of heat added to the indoor test
room by the reconditioning equipment, while the indoor test room
temperature is permitted to change and is controlled by the test unit
according to its thermostat setting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ The air enthalpy approach entails measuring the air flow
rate, dry-bulb temperature, and water vapor content of air at the
inlet and outlet of the portable AC.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE discussed the challenges associated with
load-based testing. In particular, DOE discussed its continuing
expectation that a load-based test would reduce repeatability and
reproducibility due to limitations in current test chamber
capabilities--namely, the lack of specificity in industry standards
regarding chamber dimensions and reconditioning equipment
characteristics, which would negatively impact the representativeness
of the results and potentially be unduly burdensome. 87 FR 34934,
34953. Recognizing that neither DOE nor commenters had provided
approaches to mitigate these challenges, DOE did not propose to amend
the DOE test procedures in appendix CC or appendix CC1 to adopt a load-
based testing approach.
DOE received the following comments in response to the June 2022
NOPR regarding load-based testing.
The California IOUs supported DOE's proposed test procedure for
variable-speed portable ACs by adjusting user controls and low
compressor speed using manufacturer-provided instructions based on the
limitations of using user controls to test performance at low
compressor speed. However, the California IOUs requested that DOE
continue to assess load-based testing to further improve the
representativeness of the test procedures. (California IOUs, No. 20 at
pp. 1-2)
The Joint Commenters expressed concern that the test procedure may
not adequately represent the operation of variable-speed units under
part-load conditions and believe that DOE should strive to move away
from ``steady-state'' testing and toward load-based testing and
approaches that would capture the performance of variable-speed units
under unlocked native controls. (Joint Commenters, No. 19 at pp. 2-3)
NEEA and NWPCC believe that load-based testing would better reflect
field use and is necessary to capture the impact of cycling and
variable-speed performance of a unit operating under its onboard
control logic. NEEA and NWPCC further stated that as the product
performance of more complex systems becomes increasingly dependent on
how well onboard logic control is implemented, DOE should evaluate and
pursue load-based testing. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 4)
Acknowledging the potential advantages of load-based testing as
discussed in these comments, DOE continues to recognize that neither
DOE nor commenters have identified approaches to mitigate the specific
challenges associated with load-based testing, which would reduce
repeatability and reproducibility. Furthermore, DOE considers the test
procedures in appendix CC and appendix CC1, as amended and adopted in
this final rule, as representative of portable AC operation, addressing
the impacts of compressor cycling and reduced capacity at low loads and
the relative efficiency benefits of variable-speed units, while
maintaining repeatability and reproducibility. Therefore, DOE is not
adopting a load-
[[Page 31119]]
based test approach in appendix CC or appendix CC1 at this time.
i. Annual Energy Consumption Calculation
In the June 2022 NOPR, in appendix CC, DOE proposed to adopt the
PAF-based approach from the LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver to
determine variable-speed portable AC efficiency, a weighted-average
approach for the CEER equation, and not to change the CEER equation for
single-speed portable ACs. In appendix CC1, DOE proposed to adopt a new
efficiency metric, AEER, to represent efficiency as the total annual
cooling divided by the total annual energy consumption in the proposed
new appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934, 34952-34953.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, AHAM requested that DOE clarify
the proposed calculation involving cycling losses in section 5.5.1 of
appendix CC, specifically P83Low. AHAM believes that this
power variable is meant to reflect operation of a single-speed unit,
which can only operate at full compressor speed, and therefore
P83Low should be P83Full. (AHAM, No. 18 at p. 3)
DOE agrees with AHAM that the power variable in the equation to
calculate the theoretical comparable single-speed portable AC power at
the lower outdoor temperature condition should read
``P83Full'' instead of ``P83Low,'' as the
calculation utilizes the full compressor speed performance of the
variable-speed test unit at the lower test condition to estimate the
performance of a comparable single-speed portable AC. DOE notes that
the June 2022 NOPR preamble discussion correctly refers to the power
measured at test condition 2.B, and is correcting the calculation in
this final rule.
9. Heating Mode
In the previous portable AC rulemaking, DOE did not establish an
efficiency metric for heating mode, noting that available data suggest
that portable ACs are not used for heating purposes for a substantial
amount of time. 81 FR 35241, 35257.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted that no new data had been
identified that would allow DOE to draw a different conclusion to the
use of portable ACs to provide heating and thus, DOE requested comment
on the tentative determination not to establish a heating mode
efficiency metric in appendix CC and the proposed new appendix CC1. 87
FR 34934, 34953.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, NYSERDA noted that portable ACs
offering heating capabilities are becoming available on the market, as
suggested by the New York Housing Authority's partnership with New York
Power Authority to purchase 30,000 heat pump units through the Clean
Heat for All program, which provides portable solutions for both
heating and cooling.\15\ NYSERDA urged DOE to take steps to ensure that
the portable AC standard and test procedure address the testing of heat
mode to better capture all the energy consumed by portable ACs across
both heating and cooling use cases. (NYSERDA, No. 17 at pp. 1-2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ Further information regarding the Clean Heat for All
program can be found at www.nypa.gov/news/press-releases/2021/20211220-decarbonize.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE recognizes that the market for portable ACs that offer a
heating function is evolving and is expected to expand as States and
other jurisdictions pursue building electrification strategies. DOE
notes, however, that it currently lacks data and information necessary
to inform the development of a test method that would produce test
results that reflect a representative average use cycle or period of
use for the heating function of a portable AC. Therefore, at this time,
DOE is not amending the portable AC test procedure to include a measure
of heating performance. DOE welcomes further information and data that
could be used to inform the future development of a test method for the
heating function of portable ACs.
10. Air Circulation Mode
In air circulation mode, a portable AC has activated only the fan
or blower and the compressor is off. Unlike off-cycle mode, air
circulation mode is consumer-initiated. Due to a lack of usage
information for this mode, in the June 2016 Final Rule DOE did not
adopt methods to measure or allocate annual operating hours to air
circulation mode. 81 FR 35241, 35257.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted that due to a continued lack of
relevant consumer usage data regarding the user-initiated air
circulation mode, DOE could not determine typical operating hours in
air circulation mode. Therefore, while appendix CC and the proposed new
appendix CC1 would require testing in off-cycle mode, and the energy
use in that mode would be considered part of the efficiency metric, DOE
did not propose a test for user-initiated air circulation mode. 87 FR
34934, 34953-34954.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, DOE received no comments on its
tentative determination not to dedicate distinct operating hours or
testing to user-initiated air circulation mode in appendix CC and
proposed new appendix CC1.
In this final rule, DOE is not adopting, as part of appendix CC or
appendix CC1, a measure of user-initiated air circulation mode energy
consumption for portable ACs.
11. Dehumidification Mode
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE discussed a comment received in response
to the April 2021 RFI stating that most portable ACs provide a
dehumidification feature and recommending that DOE further investigate
its usage and consider including dehumidification mode in an updated
test procedure. 86 FR 20044, 20051; 87 FR 34934, 34954.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE noted that it was unaware of available
consumer use data regarding dehumidification mode, and the presence of
a function is insufficient to indicate the frequency of its use. Given
the lack of data, DOE was unable to address dehumidification mode in a
representative manner and therefore tentatively determined to not
include test procedure provisions regarding dehumidification mode in
either appendix CC or the proposed new appendix CC1. 87 FR 34934,
34954.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, NEEA and NWPCC requested that
DOE collect dehumidification data for both portable and window ACs for
future rulemakings regarding test procedure provisions for a
dehumidification mode. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
DOE recognizes the potential benefit that dehumidification mode
performance data could have for future rulemakings and other industry
programs. However, given the lack of consumer use data confirming the
prevalent use of dehumidification mode for portable ACs, and the burden
associated with requiring reporting of dehumidification performance,
DOE has determined that there is not sufficient energy consumption in
this mode to justify the development of such a test at this time.
Therefore, DOE is not adopting dehumidification mode testing in
appendix CC or appendix CC1 at this time.
12. Network Connectivity
Network connectivity implemented in portable ACs can enable
functions such as providing real-time room temperature conditions or
receiving commands via a remote user interface such as a smartphone.
Because DOE was unable to establish a representative test configuration
for assessing the energy consumption of network functionality
[[Page 31120]]
for portable ACs due to a lack of consumer usage data, DOE proposed in
the June 2022 NOPR to specify in both appendix CC and appendix CC1
that, if a portable AC has network functions, those network functions
must be disabled throughout testing if such settings can be disabled by
the end-user and the product's user manual provides instructions on how
to do so. If an end-user cannot disable the network functions, or the
product's user manual does not provide instruction for disabling
network settings, the unit is tested with the network settings in the
factory default configuration for the duration of the test. 87 FR
34934, 34954-34955.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, DOE received the following
comments regarding network connectivity.
AHAM supported DOE's proposal regarding network functionality and
noted that AHAM PAC-1-2022 adopts this provision. (AHAM, No. 18 at p.
3)
ASAP and the Joint Commenters requested that DOE test portable ACs
that have network connectivity capabilities in their as-shipped
configuration to better reflect consumer use and reduce test burden.
The Joint Commenters and NYSERDA asserted that consumers are unlikely
to adjust this type of capability from the original factory settings
and therefore the proposal to turn off network functions does not
reflect consumer use. The Joint Commenters further stated that such a
provision would increase the representativeness of the test procedure
and can easily be integrated into the test procedure with no expected
test burden added. (ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 16 at pp. 27-
28; Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 3; NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 3)
NYSERDA encouraged DOE to incorporate network connectivity in the
portable AC test procedure by requiring that connectivity be activated
during testing to capture the energy used while accessing the
connectivity circuitry. (NYSERDA, No. 17 at p. 3)
DOE appreciates the comments regarding default settings and
recognizes the prevalence of such features as they enter the market and
their potential use in the future. However, as discussed in the June
2022 NOPR, DOE is not aware of any data reflecting consumer usage data
for network connectivity of portable ACs, nor did interested parties
provide any such data. Without these data, DOE is unable to establish a
representative test configuration for assessing the energy consumption
of network connectivity features for portable ACs. Therefore, due to a
lack of data and to harmonize with industry standards, DOE maintains
its proposal to test portable ACs with network functions disabled, if
possible, unless they cannot be disabled, in which case the portable AC
would be tested with network functions in the factory default
configuration.
13. Infiltration Air, Duct Heat Transfer, and Case Heat Transfer
The portable AC test procedure accounts for the effects of heat
transfer from two sources: (1) infiltration of outdoor air into the
conditioned space (i.e., ``infiltration air'') and (2) heat leakage
through the duct surface to the conditioned space (i.e., ``duct heat
transfer''). In the June 2016 Final Rule, DOE considered the effects of
heat transfer through the outer chassis of the portable AC to the
conditioned space (i.e., ``case heat transfer'') but did not adopt
provisions accounting for case heat transfer.
In the June 2022 NOPR, DOE tentatively determined to continue to
exclude case heat transfer from the portable AC test procedure both in
appendix CC and appendix CC1 because DOE had no data indicating that
the impacts of case heat transfer had become more significant since the
time the supporting analysis was conducted. DOE also proposed to
maintain the incorporation of the energy impacts of infiltration air
and duct heat transfer in the portable AC test procedure. 87 FR 34934,
34955.
In response to the June 2022 NOPR, DOE received the following
comments regarding the energy impacts of case heat transfer in appendix
CC and appendix CC1.
NEEA and NWPCC supported DOE in retaining the energy impacts of
infiltration air and duct heat transfer and further stated support for
including case heat transfer impacts. (NEEA and NWPCC, No. 22 at p. 3)
The Joint Commenters encouraged DOE to include a measurement of
heat losses through the unit casing to better represent the capacity of
portable ACs by adopting the approach DOE proposed in a NOPR published
in February 2015 as part of the previous test procedure rulemaking,
which required additional instrumentation to measure surface
temperature. (Joint Commenters, No. 19 at p. 3)
In the June 2016 Final Rule, DOE concluded that case heat transfer
had a minimal impact on the cooling capacity of portable ACs and did
not include a measurement of case heat transfer in appendix CC because
the test burdens outweighed the benefit of addressing the case heat
transfer. 81 FR 35242, 35254-35255. DOE reached this conclusion using
test data, gathered in support of the supplemental notice of proposed
rulemaking that DOE published for portable AC test procedures on
November 27, 2015, that showed the case heat transfer was 1.76 percent
of the total portable AC cooling capacity on average. 80 FR 74020,
74030. As noted in the June 2022 NOPR, DOE is not aware of, and has not
been provided, any additional data to suggest that case heat transfer
is a significant enough form of heat loss that would justify the burden
associated with the measurement approach discussed in the previous test
procedure rulemaking. 87 FR 34934, 34955. Therefore, DOE maintains its
determination to not adopt a measure of case heat transfer in appendix
CC and appendix CC1.
C. Representations of Energy Efficiency
Manufacturers, including importers, must use product-specific test
procedures in 10 CFR part 430 and sampling and rounding requirements in
10 CFR part 429 to determine the represented values of energy
consumption or energy efficiency of a basic model. In the June 2022
NOPR, DOE proposed to include rounding instructions consistent with
those in Table 1 of AHAM PAC-1-2022 in 10 CFR 429.62 when representing
the energy efficiency of a basic model tested using appendix CC1.
DOE received no comments regarding the proposal to add rounding
requirements consistent with AHAM PAC-1-2022 when certifying using
appendix CC1 in 10 CFR 429.62. In this final rule, DOE adopts these
rounding requirements as proposed in the June 2022 NOPR.
As discussed in section III.B.8.d of this document, in this final
rule DOE is adopting a new capacity metric for variable-speed portable
ACs in appendix CC, SACCFull, which calculates capacity
using full compressor speed performance at the lower test condition, to
facilitate consumer comparisons between single-speed and variable-speed
portable ACs. As noted in that section, the SACCFull metric
allows consumers to easily compare the capacities of variable-speed and
single-speed portable ACs and maintains compatibility with the existing
portable AC standards, which are calculated based on single-speed SACC.
Accordingly, to ensure proper representation of capacity for
variable-speed portable ACs, in this final rule DOE is adopting an
additional instructional note in 10 CFR 429(a) requiring that
SACCFull, as determined in accordance with appendix CC,
shall
[[Page 31121]]
be used as the basis for representations of capacity for variable-speed
portable ACs, whereas SACC, as determined in accordance with appendix
CC, shall be the basis for representations of capacity for single-speed
portable ACs.
D. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
EPCA requires that test procedures proposed by DOE not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) The following sections
discuss DOE's evaluation of estimated costs associated with the
amendments to the test procedure.
a. Appendix CC
DOE is amending appendix CC to account for energy use of variable-
speed portable ACs per a modified version of the test method applied in
the LG Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver. As discussed in the June 2022
NOPR, the LG Waiver uses manufacturer instructions to achieve a fixed
full compressor speed, but DOE is amending appendix CC to require the
use of consumer settings and a setpoint of 75 [deg]F to do so. This
modification would not require testing at additional conditions or
increase the test time per test, as compared to the LG Waiver. As such,
DOE has determined that the cost per test under appendix CC as amended
by this final rule would be the same as the cost when using the
alternate test procedure specified in the LG Waiver.
The amendments adopted for appendix CC in this final rule would
require LG and Midea to both re-certify all of their variable-speed
portable AC models that are currently subject to testing using the LG
Waiver and Midea Interim Waiver, respectively. Midea would need to
determine SACCFull by testing with the full compressor speed
at the 83 [deg]F test condition, and to re-calculate CEER using the new
CF. LG would additionally need to re-test its variable-speed portable
ACs subject to the LG Waiver at the full compressor speed at the 95
[deg]F test condition if the full compressor speed measured under
appendix CC differs from the full compressor speed measured using the
LG Waiver procedure. Therefore, the amendment regarding use of consumer
settings to achieve the full compressor speed may alter the measured
energy efficiency for LG and Midea's affected portable ACs. Because of
the change to the measured energy use, LG and Midea may not be able to
rely on data generated under the test procedure waiver that was in
effect prior to the amendments in this final rule.
b. Appendix CC1
DOE is adopting a new appendix CC1 consistent with AHAM PAC-1-2022
with modifications. For single-speed portable ACs, AHAM PAC-1-2022 uses
the same test conditions as the current appendix CC. DOE is adopting a
modification to that approach for single-speed portable ACs, however,
to apply a load-based capacity adjustment factor to better represent
delivered cooling at the low test condition. DOE is also adopting
different CFs for single-duct and dual-duct portable ACs. This approach
diverges from AHAM PAC-1-2022, which currently implements a single CF
for all single-speed portable AC configurations. These differences in
considering single-speed reduced capacity and cycling losses when
operating at the low test condition inherently result in different
overall capacity and efficiency equations for single-speed portable
ACs. However, the cost to perform a single-speed portable AC test is
estimated to be the same between the appendix CC1 and AHAM PAC-1-2022
approaches.
For variable-speed portable ACs, AHAM PAC-1-2022 uses the existing
temperature conditions while requiring an additional test configuration
that measures performance with full compressor speed at the low
temperature test condition, as well as low compressor speed at the low
temperature test condition. As discussed in this final rule, DOE is
adopting the low compressor speed test configuration at the low
temperature test condition in appendix CC1, but is not adopting the
full compressor speed at the low temperature test condition test due to
lack of information regarding representativeness of such a test.
Appendix CC1, consistent with AHAM PAC-1-2022, updates the efficiency
calculation to improve representativeness, albeit with slight
modifications to remove consideration of full compressor operation at
the low temperature test condition. The cost to conduct appendix CC1
testing for a variable-speed portable AC is expected to be
significantly less than that of AHAM PAC-1-2022, given the reduction in
the number of tests from three total cooling mode test runs to two
cooling mode tests runs per unit.
DOE is not requiring testing in accordance with appendix CC1 unless
and until the compliance date of any future amended energy conservation
standards that are based on appendix CC1. At that time, manufacturers
would have to re-test all basic models currently certified based on
testing under appendix CC and re-certify them based on testing under
appendix CC1.
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
DOE's established practice is to adopt relevant industry standards
as DOE test procedures unless such methodology would be unduly
burdensome to conduct or would not produce test results that reflect
the energy efficiency, energy use, water use (as specified in EPCA) or
estimated operating costs of that product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. (See section 8(c) of appendix A of
10 CFR part 430 subpart C.) When the industry standard does not meet
EPCA statutory criteria for test procedures, DOE will establish a test
procedure reflecting modifications to these standards through the
rulemaking process.
As discussed, appendices CC and CC1 incorporate by reference ANSI/
AHAM PAC-1-2015, AHAM PAC-1-2022, ASHRAE 37-2009, IEC Standard 62301,
ASHRAE 41.1-1986, ASHRAE 41.6-1994, and ANSI/AMCA 210, with
modifications. The industry standards DOE is incorporating by reference
are discussed in further detail in section IV.N of this document.
E. Compliance Date and Waivers
The effective date for the adopted test procedure amendment will be
30 days after publication of this final rule in the Federal Register.
EPCA prescribes that all representations of energy efficiency and
energy use, including those made on marketing materials and product
labels, must be made in accordance with an amended test procedure,
beginning 180 days after publication of the final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2)) EPCA provides an allowance for
individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension of the 180-
day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To receive such an extension,
petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days before the end
of the 180-day period and must detail how the manufacturer will
experience undue hardship. (Id.) To the extent the modified test
procedure adopted in this final rule is required only for the
evaluation and issuance of updated efficiency standards, compliance
with the amended test procedure does not require use of such modified
test procedure provisions until the compliance date of updated
standards.
Upon the compliance date of test procedure provisions in this final
rule, any waivers that had been previously issued and are in effect
that pertain to
[[Page 31122]]
issues addressed by such provisions are terminated. 10 CFR
430.27(h)(3). Recipients of any such waivers are required to test the
products subject to the waiver according to the amended test procedure
as of the compliance date of the amended test procedure. The amendments
adopted in this document pertain to issues addressed by the waiver
granted to LG and the interim waiver granted to Midea.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Case No. 2018-004 included the LG Waiver; Case No. Case No.
2020-006 included the Midea Interim Waiver.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and 14094
Executive Order (``E.O.'') 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review,'' as supplemented and reaffirmed by E.O. 13563, ``Improving
Regulation and Regulatory Review,'' 76 FR 3821 (Jan. 21, 2011) and E.O.
14094, ``Modernizing Regulatory Review,'' 88 FR 21879 (April 11, 2023),
requires agencies, to the extent permitted by law, to (1) propose or
adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that its benefits
justify its costs (recognizing that some benefits and costs are
difficult to quantify); (2) tailor regulations to impose the least
burden on society, consistent with obtaining regulatory objectives,
taking into account, among other things, and to the extent practicable,
the costs of cumulative regulations; (3) select, in choosing among
alternative regulatory approaches, those approaches that maximize net
benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health
and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity);
(4) to the extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than
specifying the behavior or manner of compliance that regulated entities
must adopt; and (5) identify and assess available alternatives to
direct regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage
the desired behavior, such as user fees or marketable permits, or
providing information upon which choices can be made by the public. DOE
emphasizes as well that E.O. 13563 requires agencies to use the best
available techniques to quantify anticipated present and future
benefits and costs as accurately as possible. In its guidance, the
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in the Office
of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has emphasized that such techniques
may include identifying changing future compliance costs that might
result from technological innovation or anticipated behavioral changes.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, this final regulatory action is
consistent with these principles.
Section 6(a) of E.O. 12866 also requires agencies to submit
``significant regulatory actions'' to OIRA for review. OIRA has
determined that this final regulatory action does not constitute a
``significant regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866.
Accordingly, this action was not submitted to OIRA for review under
E.O. 12866.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of a final regulatory flexibility analysis (FRFA) for any
final rule where the agency was first required by law to publish a
proposed rule for public comment, unless the agency certifies that the
rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As required by Executive Order
13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency Rulemaking,''
67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE published procedures and policies on
February 19, 2003, to ensure that the potential impacts of its rules on
small entities are properly considered during the DOE rulemaking
process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available
on the Office of the General Counsel's website: www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this final rule under the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on February
19, 2003. DOE has concluded that this rule would not have a significant
impact on a substantial number of small entities. The factual basis for
this certification is as follows:
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section shall be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle (as determined by the Secretary) or period of use and shall not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every seven years, DOE
evaluate test procedures for each type of covered product, including
portable ACs, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
DOE is publishing this final rule in satisfaction of the seven-year
review requirement specified in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
In this final rule, DOE amends 10 CFR 429.4, ``Materials
incorporated by reference'' and 10 CFR 429.62, ``Portable air
conditioners'' as follows:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM PAC-1-2022, ``Portable Air
Conditioners'' (``AHAM PAC-1-2022''), which includes an industry-
accepted method for testing variable-speed portable ACs, in 10 CFR
429.4; and
(2) Add rounding instructions for the SACC and the new energy
efficiency metric, annualized energy efficiency ratio (``AEER''), in 10
CFR 429.62.
In this final rule, DOE also updates 10 CFR 430.2, ``Definitions''
and 10 CFR 430.23, ``Test procedures for the measurement of energy and
water consumption'' as follows:
(1) Adds a definition for the term ``combined-duct portable air
conditioner'' to 10 CFR 430.2; and
(2) Adds requirements to determine estimated annual operating cost
for single-duct and dual-duct variable-speed portable ACs in 10 CFR
430.23.
In this final rule, DOE also amends appendix CC as follows:
(1) Add definitions in section 2 for ``combined-duct,'' ``single-
speed,'' ``variable-speed,'' ``full compressor speed (full),'' ``low
compressor speed (low),'' ``theoretical comparable single-speed,'' and
``seasonally adjusted cooling capacity, full;''
(2) Divide section 4.1 into two sections, 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, for
single-speed and variable-speed portable ACs, respectively, and detail
configuration-specific cooling mode testing requirements for variable-
speed portable ACs;
(3) Add a requirement in section 4.1.2 that, for variable-speed
portable ACs, the full compressor speed at the 95 [deg]F test condition
be achieved with user controls, and the low compressor speed at the 83
[deg]F test condition be achieved with manufacturer-provided settings
or controls;
(4) Add cycling factors (``CFs'') in section 5.5.1, 0.82 for
single-duct units and 0.77 for dual-duct units;
(5) Add a requirement to calculate SACC with full compressor speed
at the
[[Page 31123]]
95 [deg]F test condition and low compressor speed at the 83 [deg]F test
condition in sections 5.1 and 5.2, consistent with the LG Waiver and
the Midea Interim Waiver, with an additional requirement for variable-
speed portable ACs to represent SACC with full compressor speed for
both test conditions; and
(6) Add a requirement in section 3.1.2 that if a portable AC has
network functions, all network functions must be disabled throughout
testing if such settings can be disabled by the end-user and the
product's user manual provides instructions on how to do so. If the
network functions cannot be disabled by the end-user, or the product's
user manual does not provide instructions for disabling network
settings, test the unit with the network settings in the factory-
default configuration for the duration of the test.
In this final rule, DOE additionally adopts a new appendix CC1,
``10 CFR Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part 430, Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners,'' which,
compared to appendix CC in this final rule:
(1) Incorporates by reference parts of the updated version of the
AHAM standard, AHAM PAC-1-2022, which includes an industry-accepted
method for testing portable ACs;
(2) Adopts a new efficiency metric, AEER, in place of the CEER
metric, to calculate more representatively the efficiency of both
variable-speed and single-speed portable ACs;
(3) Amends the annual operating hours;
(4) Updates the SACC equation for both single-speed and variable-
speed portable ACs;
(5) Applies cycling factors (``CFs'') to single-speed portable AC
efficiency, 0.82 for single-duct units and 0.77 for dual-duct units;
and
Testing in accordance with the new appendix CC1 would not be
required until such time as compliance is required with any amended
energy conservation standards based on the new appendix CC1.
The Small Business Administration (``SBA'') considers a business
entity to be a small business if, together with its affiliates, it
employs less than the threshold number of workers specified in 13 CFR
part 121. DOE used SBA's small business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be subject to the requirements of the
rule. These size standards and codes are established by the North
American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') and are available
at www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards. Portable ACs are
classified under NAICS 333415, ``Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 1,250 employees or fewer
for an entity to be considered as a small business for this category.
DOE did not receive any comments that specifically addressed
impacts on small businesses or that were provided in response to the
initial regulatory flexibility analysis.
DOE used the California Energy Commission's Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System (``MAEDbS'') \17\ to create a list of
companies in the United States that sell portable ACs covered by this
rulemaking. DOE consulted publicly available data, such as manufacturer
websites, manufacturer specifications and product literature, import
and export logs, and basic model numbers to identify original equipment
manufacturers (``OEMs'') of the products covered by this rulemaking.
DOE relied on public data and subscription-based market research tools
(e.g., Dun & Bradstreet reports) \18\ to determine company
location, headcount, and annual revenue. DOE screened out companies
that do not offer products covered by this rulemaking, do not meet the
SBA's definition of a ``small business,'' or are foreign-owned and
operated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ California Energy Commission's Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System. Available at
cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/AdvancedSearch.aspx
(last accessed December 11, 2022).
\18\ The Dun & Bradstreet Hoovers subscription login is
available online at app.dnbhoovers.com/ (last accessed December 12,
2022).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE identified 20 portable AC OEMs. DOE did not identify any
domestic OEMs that qualify as a ``small business.''
Given the lack of small entities with a direct compliance burden,
DOE concludes that the cost effects accruing from the final rule would
not have a ``significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities,'' and that the preparation of a FRFA is not warranted.
DOE has submitted a certification and supporting statement of factual
basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of portable ACs must certify to DOE that their
products comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including portable ACs.
(See generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-information
requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is subject to
review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA).
This requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control number
1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
DOE is not amending the certification or reporting requirements for
portable ACs in this final rule. Instead, DOE may consider proposals to
amend the certification requirements and reporting for portable ACs
under a separate rulemaking regarding appliance and equipment
certification. DOE will address changes to OMB Control Number 1910-1400
at that time, as necessary.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE establishes test procedure amendments that
it expects will be used to develop and implement future energy
conservation standards for portable ACs. DOE has determined that this
final rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically
excluded from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10
CFR part 1021. Specifically, DOE has determined that adopting test
procedures for measuring energy efficiency of consumer products and
industrial equipment is consistent with activities identified in 10 CFR
part 1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
[[Page 31124]]
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 4,
1999), imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and
implementing policies or regulations that preempt State law or that
have federalism implications. The Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any
action that would limit the policymaking discretion of the States and
to carefully assess the necessity for such actions. The Executive order
also requires agencies to have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.
On March 14, 2000, DOE published a statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE examined this final
rule and determined that it will not have a substantial direct effect
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this final rule. States can petition
DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and based on
criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is
required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
this final rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a regulatory action resulting in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this final
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This final rule will not have any impact on the autonomy or integrity
of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation will not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines, which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this final rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any significant energy action. A
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any significant energy action, the
agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on energy
supply, distribution, or use if the regulation is implemented, and of
[[Page 31125]]
reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has
it been designated as a significant energy action by the Administrator
of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or
industry standards on competition.
The modifications to the test procedure for portable ACs adopted in
this final rule incorporate testing methods contained in certain
sections of the following commercial standards: ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015,
AHAM PAC-1-2022, ASHRAE 37-2009, ANSI/AMCA 210, ASHRAE 41.1-1986, ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.6-1994, and IEC 62301. DOE has evaluated these standards and
is unable to conclude whether they fully comply with the requirements
of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether they were developed in a
manner that fully provides for public participation, comment, and
review). DOE has consulted with both the Attorney General and the
Chairman of the FTC about the impact on competition of using the
methods contained in these standards and has received no comments
objecting to their use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of this rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
AHAM PAC-1-2022 is an industry-accepted test procedure that
measures portable AC performance in cooling mode in a more
representative manner than the previous iteration, ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-
2015, and is applicable to products sold in North America. AHAM PAC-1-
2022 specifies testing conducted in accordance with other industry-
accepted test procedures and determines energy efficiency metrics for
various portable AC configurations and compressor types (i.e., single-
speed and variable-speed). Specifically, the appendix CC1 test
procedure codified by this final rule references AHAM PAC-1-2022 for
testing portable ACs. AHAM PAC-1-2022 is reasonably available from AHAM
(www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore).
ASHRAE 37-2009 is an industry-accepted test standard referenced by
ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015 and AHAM PAC-1-2022 that defines various uniform
methods for measuring performance of air conditioning and heat pump
equipment. Although ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015 and AHAM PAC-1-2022 reference
a number of sections in ASHRAE 37-2009, the appendix CC1 test procedure
established in this final rule additionally references one section in
ASHRAE 37-2009 that addresses test duration.
ANSI/AMCA 210 is an industry-accepted test standard referenced by
ASHRAE 37-2009 that defines methods for measuring the characteristics
of air flow.
ASHRAE 41.1-1986 is an industry-accepted test standard referenced
by ASHRAE 37-2009 that defines a standard method for measuring
temperature.
ASHRAE 41.6-1994 is an industry-accepted test standard referenced
by ASHRAE 37-2009 that defines a standard method for measuring moist
air properties, including humidity and wet-bulb temperature.
These standards are all reasonably available from ASHRAE
(www.ashrae.org), except for ANSI/AMCA 210, which is readily available
from AMCA International at www.amca.org.
IEC 62301 is an industry-accepted test standard that sets a
standardized method to measure the standby power of household and
similar electrical appliances. IEC 62301 includes details regarding
test set-up, test conditions, and stability requirements that are
necessary to ensure consistent and repeatable standby mode and off mode
test results. IEC 62301 is reasonably available from IEC at
webstore.iec.ch/.
The following standards are already approved for the sections/
appendices where they appear in the regulatory text: ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-
2015.
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this final
rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on May 1,
2023, by Francisco Alejandro Moreno, Acting Assistant Secretary for
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy,
pursuant to delegated authority from the Secretary of Energy. That
document with the original signature and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in compliance with requirements of
the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for publication, as an official document
of the Department of Energy. This administrative process in no way
alters the legal effect of this document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on May 3, 2023.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE amends parts 429 and
430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations as set forth
below:
[[Page 31126]]
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.4 is amended by adding paragraph (b)(3) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.4 Materials incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(3) AHAM PAC-1-2022, Energy Measurement Test Procedure for Portable
Air Conditioners, Copyright 2022. IBR approved for Sec. 429.62.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 429.62 is amended by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) as paragraphs (a)(4)
through (6);
0
b. Adding new paragraph (a)(3); and
0
c. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (a)(4) and (5).
The addition and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 429.62 Portable air conditioners.
* * * * *
(a) * * *
(3) When testing in accordance with appendix CC of subpart B of
part 430 of this chapter, the represented value of cooling capacity for
a single-speed portable AC shall be seasonally adjusted cooling
capacity (``SACC'') and the represented value of cooling capacity for a
variable-speed portable AC shall be full-load seasonally adjusted
cooling capacity (``SACCFull''), as determined in appendix
CC to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter. When testing in accordance
with appendix CC1 to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter, the
represented value of cooling capacity for both single-speed and
variable-speed portable ACs shall be SACC, as determined in appendix
CC1 to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter.
(4) Where SACC is used for representation, the represented value of
SACC of a basic model must be the mean of the SACC for each tested unit
of the basic model. Likewise, where SACCFull is used for
representation, the represented value of SACCFull of a basic
model must be the mean of the SACCFull for each tested unit
of the basic model. When using appendix CC to subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter, round the mean SACC or SACCFull value to the
nearest 50, 100, 200, or 500 Btu/h, depending on the magnitude of the
calculated SACC or SACCFull, as applicable, in accordance
with Table 1 of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 429.4), ``Multiples for reporting Dual Duct Cooling Capacity,
Single Duct Cooling Capacity, Spot Cooling Capacity, Water Cooled
Condenser Capacity and Power Input Ratings''. When using appendix CC1
to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter, round SACC to the nearest 50,
100, 200, or 500 Btu/h, depending on the magnitude of the calculated
SACC, in accordance with Table 1 of AHAM PAC-1-2022, (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 429.4), ``Multiples for reporting Dual Duct
Cooling Capacity, Single Duct Cooling Capacity, Spot Cooling Capacity,
Water Cooled Condenser Capacity and Power Input Ratings''.
(5) The represented value of combined energy efficiency ratio or
annualized energy efficiency ratio of a basic model must be rounded to
the nearest 0.1 Btu/Wh.
* * * * *
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
3. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
4. Section 430.2 is amended by adding, in alphabetical order, the
definition for ``Combined-duct portable air conditioner'' to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.2 Definitions.
* * * * *
Combined-duct portable air conditioner means a portable air
conditioner for which condenser inlet and outlet air streams flow
through separate ducts housed in a single duct structure.
* * * * *
0
5. Amend Sec. 430.3 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) as (b)(2) through (6)
and adding new paragraph (b)(1);
0
b. Revising paragraphs (g)(3) and (5);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (g)(11) through (19) as paragraphs (g)(12)
through (20);
0
d. Adding new paragraph (g)(11);
0
e. Redesignating paragraph (i)(9) as (i)(10);
0
f. Adding new paragraph (i)(9);
0
g. In paragraph (q)(6), removing the text ``CC, EE'' and adding, in its
place, the text ``CC, CC1, EE''; and
0
h. Removing note 2 to paragraph (q).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 430.3 Materials incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) ANSI/AMCA 210-99, Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for
Aerodynamic Performance Rating, ANSI-approved December 2, 1999; IBR
approved for appendices CC and CC1 to subpart B. (Co-published as ANSI/
ASHRAE 51-1999.)
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(3) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009 (``ASHRAE 37-2009''), Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and
Heat Pump Equipment, ANSI-approved June 25, 2009; IBR approved for
appendices AA, CC, and CC1 to subpart B.
* * * * *
(5) ASHRAE 41.1-1986 (Reaffirmed 2006) (``ASHRAE 41.1-1986''),
Standard Method for Temperature Measurement, approved February 18,
1987; IBR approved for appendices E, AA, CC, and CC1 to subpart B.
* * * * *
(11) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-1994 (RA 2006) (``ASHRAE 41.6-
1994''), Standard Method for Measurement of Moist Air Properties, ANSI-
reaffirmed January 27, 2006; IBR approved for appendices CC and CC1 to
subpart B.
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(9) AHAM PAC-1-2022, Energy Measurement Test Procedure for Portable
Air Conditioners, Copyright 2022; IBR approved for appendix CC1 to
subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
0
6. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraph (dd) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(dd) Portable air conditioners.
(1) When using appendix CC to this subpart, measure the seasonally
adjusted cooling capacity (``SACC'') in British thermal units per hour
(Btu/h), and the combined energy efficiency ratio, in British thermal
units per watt-hour (Btu/Wh) in accordance with sections 5.2 and 5.4 of
appendix CC to this subpart, respectively. When using appendix CC1 to
this subpart, measure the SACC in Btu/h, and the combined energy
efficiency ratio, in Btu/Wh in accordance with sections 5.2 and 5.4,
respectively, of appendix CC1 to this subpart.
(2) When using appendix CC to this subpart, determine the estimated
annual
[[Page 31127]]
operating cost for portable air conditioners, in dollars per year and
rounded to the nearest whole number, by multiplying a representative
average unit cost of electrical energy in dollars per kilowatt-hour as
provided by the Secretary by the total annual energy consumption
(``AEC''), determined as follows:
(i) For dual-duct single-speed portable air conditioners, the sum
of AECDD_95 multiplied by 0.2, AECDD_83
multiplied by 0.8, and AECT as measured in accordance with
section 5.3 of appendix CC to this subpart.
(ii) For single-duct single-speed portable air conditioners, the
sum of AECSD and AECT as measured in accordance
with section 5.3 of appendix CC to this subpart.
(iii) For dual-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners the
overall sum of
(A) The sum of AECDD_95_Full and AECia/om,
multiplied by 0.2, and
(B) The sum of AECDD_83_Low and AECia/om,
multiplied by 0.8, as measured in accordance with section 5.3 of
appendix CC to this subpart.
(iv) For single-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners, the
overall sum of
(A) The sum of AECSD_Full and AECia/om,
multiplied by 0.2, and
(B) The sum of AECSD_Low and AECia/om,
multiplied by 0.8, as measured in accordance with section 5.3 of
appendix CC to this subpart.
(3) When using appendix CC1 to this subpart, determine the
estimated annual operating cost for portable air conditioners, in
dollars per year and rounded to the nearest whole number, by
multiplying a representative average unit cost of electrical energy in
dollars per kilowatt-hour as provided by the Secretary by the total
AEC. The total AEC is the sum of AEC95, AEC83,
AECoc, and AECia, as measured in accordance with
section 5.3 of appendix CC1 to this subpart.
* * * * *
0
7. Appendix CC to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
0
a. Adding an introductory note;
0
b. Adding section 0;
0
c. Revising sections 2, 3.1.1, 3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.6, 3.1.2, 3.2, 3.2.1,
3.2.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.3;
0
d. In sections 3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.4, and 4.3, removing the text
``(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3)'';
0
e. Adding sections 4.1.3 and 4.1.4; and
0
f. Revising sections 5.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix CC to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of testing under this
appendix to determine compliance with the relevant standards for
portable air conditioners at Sec. 430.32(cc) with which compliance
is required as of January 10, 2025. Specifically, before November
13, 2023 representations must be based upon results generated either
under this appendix or under this appendix CC as it appeared in the
10 CFR parts 200-499 edition revised as of January 1, 2021. Any
representations made on or after November 13, 2023 but before the
compliance date of any amended standards for portable ACs must be
made based upon results generated using this appendix.
Manufacturers must use the results of testing under appendix CC1
to this subpart to determine compliance with any standards that
amend the portable air conditioners standard at Sec. 430.32(cc)
with which compliance is required on January 10, 2025 and that use
the Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio (AEER) metric. Any
representations related to energy also must be made in accordance
with the appendix that applies (i.e., this appendix or appendix CC1)
when determining compliance with the relevant standard.
Manufacturers may also use appendix CC1 to certify compliance with
any amended standards prior to the applicable compliance date for
those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3 the entire standard
for ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, ANSI/AMCA 210-99, ASHRAE 37-2009, ASHRAE
41.1-1986, ASHRAE 41.6-1994, and IEC 62301; however, only enumerated
provisions of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, ANSI/AMCA 210-99, ASHRAE 37-
2009, and IEC 62301 apply to this appendix CC as follows. Treat
``should'' in IEC 62301 as mandatory. When there is a conflict, the
language of this appendix takes precedence over those documents.
0.1 ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015
(a) Section 4 ``Definitions,'' as specified in section 3.1.1 of
this appendix, except for AHAM's definition for ``Portable Air
Conditioner'';
(b) Section 7 ``Tests,'' as specified in sections 3.1.1,
3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.4, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
0.2 ANSI/AMCA 210-99 (``ANSI/AMCA 210'')
(a) Figure 12 ``Outlet chamber Setup--Multiple Nozzles in
Chamber'' as specified in section 4.1.1 of this appendix;
(b) Figure 12 Notes as specified in section 4.1.1 of this
appendix.
0.3 ASHRAE 37-2009
(a) Section 5.4 ``Electrical Instruments,'' as specified in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(b) Section 7.3 ``Indoor and Outdoor Air Enthalpy Methods,'' as
specified in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(c) Section 7.6 ``Outdoor Liquid Coil Method,'' as specified in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(d) Section 7.7 ``Airflow Rate Measurement,'' as specified in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(e) Section 8.7 ``Test Procedure for Cooling Capacity Tests,''
as specified in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(f) Section 9.2 ``Test Tolerances,'' as specified in sections
4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix;
(g) Section 11.1 ``Symbols Used In Equations,'' as specified in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
0.4 IEC 62301
(a) Paragraph 4.2 ``Test room,'' as specified in section 3.2.4
of this appendix;
(b) Paragraph 4.3.2 ``Supply voltage waveform,'' as specified in
section 3.2.2.2 of this appendix;
(c) Paragraph 4.4 ``Power measuring instruments,'' as specified
in section 3.2.3 of this appendix;
(d) Paragraph 5.1, ``General,'' Note 1, as specified in section
4.3 of this appendix;
(e) Paragraph 5.2 ``Preparation of product,'' as specified in
section 3.2.1 of this appendix;
(f) Paragraph 5.3.2 ``Sampling method,'' as specified in section
4.3 of this appendix;
(g) Annex D, ``Determination of Uncertainty of Measurement,'' as
specified in sections 3.2.1, 3.2.2.2, and 3.2.3 of this appendix.
* * * * *
2. Definitions
Combined-duct means the condenser inlet and outlet air streams
flow through separate ducts housed in a single duct structure.
Combined energy efficiency ratio means the energy efficiency of
a portable air conditioner as measured in accordance with this test
procedure in Btu per watt-hours (Btu/Wh) and determined in section
5.4 of this appendix.
Cooling mode means a mode in which a portable air conditioner
either has activated the main cooling function according to the
thermostat or temperature sensor signal, including activating the
refrigeration system, or has activated the fan or blower without
activating the refrigeration system.
Dual-duct means drawing some or all of the condenser inlet air
from outside the conditioned space through a duct attached to an
adjustable window bracket, potentially drawing additional condenser
inlet air from the conditioned space, and discharging the condenser
outlet air outside the conditioned space by means of a separate duct
attached to an adjustable window bracket.
Full compressor speed (full) means the compressor speed at which
the unit operates at full load test conditions, when using user
controls with a unit thermostat setpoint of 75 [deg]F to achieve
maximum cooling capacity.
Inactive mode means a standby mode that facilitates the
activation of an active mode or off-cycle mode by remote switch
(including remote control), internal sensor, or timer, or that
provides continuous status display.
Low compressor speed (low) means the compressor speed specified
by the manufacturer, at which the unit operates at
[[Page 31128]]
low load test conditions (i.e., Test Condition C and Test Condition
E in Table 2 of this appendix, for a dual-duct and single-duct
portable air conditioner, respectively), such that the measured
cooling capacity at this speed is no less than 50 percent and no
greater than 60 percent of the measured cooling capacity with the
full compressor speed at full load test conditioners (i.e., Test
Condition A and Test Condition C in Table 2 of this appendix, for a
dual-duct and single-duct portable air conditioner, respectively).
Off-cycle mode means a mode in which a portable air conditioner:
(a) Has cycled off its main cooling or heating function by
thermostat or temperature sensor signal;
(b) May or may not operate its fan or blower; and
(c) Will reactivate the main function according to the
thermostat or temperature sensor signal.
Off mode means a mode that may persist for an indefinite time in
which a portable air conditioner is connected to a mains power
source, and is not providing any active mode, off-cycle mode, or
standby mode function. This includes an indicator that only shows
the user that the portable air conditioner is in the off position.
Seasonally adjusted cooling capacity means the amount of cooling
provided to the indoor conditioned space, measured under the
specified ambient conditions, in Btu/h,
Seasonally adjusted cooling capacity, full means the amount of
cooling provided to the indoor conditions space, measured under the
specified ambient conditions when the unit compressor is operating
at full speed at each condition, in Btu/h.
Single-duct means drawing all of the condenser inlet air from
the conditioned space without the means of a duct, and discharging
the condenser outlet air outside the conditioned space through a
single duct attached to an adjustable window bracket.
Single-speed means incapable of automatically adjusting the
compressor speed based on detected conditions.
Standby mode means any mode where a portable air conditioner is
connected to a mains power source and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective functions which may persist
for an indefinite time:
(a) To facilitate the activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of cooling mode) by remote switch
(including remote control), internal sensor, or timer; or
(b) Continuous functions, including information or status
displays (including clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is a
continuous clock function (which may or may not be associated with a
display) that provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g., switching) and
that operates on a continuous basis.
Theoretical comparable single-speed means a hypothetical single-
speed unit that would have the same cooling capacity and electrical
power input as the variable-speed unit under test, with no cycling
losses considered, when operating with the full compressor speed and
at the test conditions in Table 1 of this appendix.
Variable-speed means capable of automatically adjusting the
compressor speed based on detected conditions.
* * * * *
3.1 * * *
3.1.1 Test conduct. The test apparatus and instructions for
testing portable air conditioners in cooling mode and off-cycle mode
must conform to the requirements specified in section 4,
``Definitions'' and section 7, ``Tests,'' of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015,
except as otherwise specified in this appendix. Measure duct heat
transfer and infiltration air heat transfer according to sections
4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix, respectively.
3.1.1.1 Duct setup. Use all ducting components provided by or
required by the manufacturer and no others. Ducting components
include ducts, connectors for attaching the duct(s) to the test
unit, sealing, insulation, and window mounting fixtures. Do not
apply additional sealing or insulation. For combined-duct units, the
manufacturer must provide the testing facility an adapter that
allows for the individual connection of the condenser inlet and
outlet airflows to the test facility's airflow measuring
apparatuses. Use that adapter to measure the condenser inlet and
outlet airflows for any corresponding unit.
* * * * *
3.1.1.6 Duct temperature measurements. Install any insulation
and sealing provided by the manufacturer. For a dual-duct or single-
duct unit, adhere four thermocouples per duct, spaced along the
entire length equally, to the outer surface of the duct. Measure the
surface temperatures of each duct. For a combined-duct unit, adhere
sixteen thermocouples to the outer surface of the duct, spaced
evenly around the circumference (four thermocouples, each 90 degrees
apart, radially) and down the entire length of the duct (four sets
of four thermocouples, evenly spaced along the entire length of the
duct), ensuring that the thermocouples are spaced along the entire
length equally, on the surface of the combined duct. Place at least
one thermocouple preferably adjacent to, but otherwise as close as
possible to, the condenser inlet aperture and at least one
thermocouple on the duct surface preferably adjacent to, but
otherwise as close as possible to, the condenser outlet aperture.
Measure the surface temperature of the combined duct at each
thermocouple. Temperature measurements must have an error no greater
than 0.5 [deg]F over the range being measured.
3.1.2 Control settings. For a single-speed unit, set the
controls to the lowest available temperature setpoint for cooling
mode, as described in section 4.1.1 of this appendix. For a
variable-speed unit, set the thermostat setpoint to 75 [deg]F to
achieve the full compressor speed and use the manufacturer
instructions to achieve the low compressor speed, as described in
section 4.1.2 of this appendix. If the portable air conditioner has
a user-adjustable fan speed, select the maximum fan speed setting.
If the unit has an automatic louver oscillation feature and there is
an option to disable that feature, disable that feature throughout
testing. If the unit has adjustable louvers, position the louvers
parallel with the air flow to maximize air flow and minimize static
pressure loss. If the portable air conditioner has network
functions, that an end-user can disable and the product's user
manual provides instructions on how to do so, disable all network
functions throughout testing. If an end-user cannot disable a
network function or the product's user manual does not provide
instruction for disabling a network function, test the unit with
that network function in the factory default configuration for the
duration of the test.
* * * * *
3.2 Standby Mode and Off Mode
3.2.1 Installation requirements. For the standby mode and off
mode testing, install the portable air conditioner in accordance
with Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301, referring to Annex D of that
standard as necessary. Disregard the provisions regarding batteries
and the determination, classification, and testing of relevant
modes.
* * * * *
3.2.2.2 Supply voltage waveform. For the standby mode and off
mode testing, maintain the electrical supply voltage waveform
indicated in, Paragraph 4.3.2 of IEC 62301, referring to Annex D of
that standard as necessary.
3.2.3 Standby mode and off mode wattmeter. The wattmeter used to
measure standby mode and off mode power consumption must meet the
requirements specified in Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301, using a two-
tailed confidence interval and referring to Annex D of that standard
as necessary.
4. * * *
4.1 Cooling Mode
Note: For the purposes of this cooling mode test procedure,
evaporator inlet air is considered the ``indoor air'' of the
conditioned space and condenser inlet air is considered the
``outdoor air'' outside of the conditioned space.
4.1.1 Single-Speed Cooling Mode Test. For single-speed portable
air conditioners, measure the indoor room cooling capacity and
overall power input in cooling mode in accordance with sections
7.1.b and 7.1.c of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, respectively, including the
references to sections 5.4, 7.3, 7.6, 7.7, and 11 of ASHRAE 37-2009.
Determine the test duration in accordance with section 8.7 of ASHRAE
37-2009, including the reference to section 9.2 of the same
standard, referring to Figure 12 and the Figure 12 Notes of ANSI/
AMCA 210 to determine placement of static pressure taps, and
including references to ASHRAE 41.1-1986 and ASHRAE 41.6-1994.
Disregard the test conditions in Table 3 of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015.
Instead, apply the test conditions for single-duct and dual-duct
portable air conditioners presented in Table 1 of this appendix. For
single-duct units, measure the indoor room cooling capacity,
CapacitySD, and overall power input in cooling mode,
PSD, in accordance with the ambient conditions for test
condition 1.C,
[[Page 31129]]
presented in Table 1 of this appendix. For dual-duct units, measure
the indoor room cooling capacity and overall power input twice,
first in accordance with ambient conditions for test condition 1.A
(Capacity95, P95), and then in accordance with
test condition 1.B (Capacity83, P83), both
presented in Table 1 of this appendix. For the remainder of this
test procedure, test combined-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners following any instruction for dual-duct single-speed
portable air conditioners, unless otherwise specified.
Table 1--Single-Speed Evaporator (Indoor) and Condenser (Outdoor) Inlet Test Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaporator inlet air, [deg]F Condenser inlet air, [deg]F
([deg]C) ([deg]C)
Test condition ---------------------------------------------------------------
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A............................................. 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 95 (35.0) 75 (23.9)
1.B............................................. 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 83 (28.3) 67.5 (19.7)
1.C............................................. 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1.2 Variable-Speed Cooling Mode Test. For variable-speed
portable air conditioners, measure the indoor room cooling capacity
and overall power input in cooling mode in accordance with sections
7.1.b and 7.1.c of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015, respectively, including the
references to sections 5.4, 7.3, 7.6, 7.7, and 11 of ASHRAE 37-2009,
except as detailed below. Determine the test duration in accordance
with section 8.7 of ASHRAE 37-2009, including the reference to
section 9.2 of the same standard. Disregard the test conditions in
Table 3 of ANSI/AHAM PAC-1-2015. Instead, apply the test conditions
for single-duct and dual-duct portable air conditioners presented in
Table 2 of this appendix. For a single-duct unit, measure the indoor
room cooling capacity and overall power input in cooling mode twice,
first in accordance with the ambient conditions and compressor speed
settings for test condition 2.D (CapacitySD_Full,
PSD_Full), and then in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test condition 2.E (CapacitySD_Low,
PSD_Low), both presented in Table 2 of this appendix. For
dual-duct units, measure the indoor room cooling capacity and
overall power input three times, first in accordance with ambient
conditions for test condition 2.A (Capacity95_Full,
P95_Full), second in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test condition 2.B (Capacity83_Full,
P83_Full), and third in accordance with the ambient
conditions for test condition 2.C (Capacity83_Low,
P83_Low), each presented in Table 2 of this appendix. For
the remainder of this test procedure, test combined-duct variable-
speed portable air conditioners following any instruction for dual-
duct variable-speed portable air conditioners, unless otherwise
specified. For test conditions 2.A, 2.B, and 2.D, achieve the full
compressor speed with user controls, as defined in section 2.13 of
this appendix. For test conditions 2.C and 2.E, set the required
compressor speed in accordance with instructions the manufacturer
provided to DOE.
Table 2--Variable-Speed Evaporator (Indoor) and Condenser (Outdoor) Inlet Test Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaporator inlet air [deg]F Condenser inlet air [deg]F
([deg]C) ([deg]C)
Test condition ---------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor speed
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.A........................... 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 95 (35.0) 75 (23.9) Full.
2.B........................... 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 83 (28.3) 67.5 (19.7) Full.
2.C........................... 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 83 (28.3) 67.5 (19.7) Low.
2.D........................... 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) Full.
2.E........................... 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) 80 (26.7) 67 (19.4) Low.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1.3. Duct Heat Transfer
Throughout the cooling mode test, measure the surface
temperature of the condenser exhaust duct and condenser inlet duct,
where applicable. Calculate the average temperature at each
thermocouple placement location. Then calculate the average surface
temperature of each duct. For single-duct and dual-duct units,
calculate the average of the four average temperature measurements
taken on the duct. For combined-duct units, calculate the average of
the sixteen average temperature measurements taken on the duct.
Calculate the surface area (Aduct_j) of each duct
according to:
Aduct_j = Cj x Lj
Where:
Cj = the circumference of duct ``j'', including any manufacturer-
supplied insulation, measured by wrapping a flexible measuring tape,
or equivalent, around the outside of a combined duct, making sure
the tape is on the outermost ridges or, alternatively, if the duct
has a circular cross-section, by multiplying the outer diameter by
3.14.
Lj = the extended length of duct ``j'' while under test.
j represents the condenser exhaust duct for single-duct units, the
condenser exhaust duct and the condenser inlet duct for dual-duct
units, and the combined duct for combined-duct units.
Calculate the total heat transferred from the surface of the
duct(s) to the indoor conditioned space while operating in cooling
mode at each test condition, as follows:
For single-duct single-speed portable air conditioners:
Qduct_SD = 3 x Aduct_j x (Tduct_j-
Tei)
For dual-duct single-speed portable air conditioners:
Qduct_DD_95 = [Sigma]j{3 x Aduct_j
x (Tduct_95_j-Tei){time}
Qduct_DD_83 = [Sigma]j{3 x Aduct_j
x (Tduct_83_j-Tei){time}
For single-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners:
Qduct_SD_Full = 3 x Aduct x
(Tduct_Full_j-Tei)
Qduct_SD_Low = 3 x Aduct x
(Tduct_Low_j-Tei)
For dual-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners:
Qduct_DD_95_Full = [Sigma]j{3 x
Aduct_j x (Tduct_Full_95_j-
Tei){time}
Qduct_DD_83_Full = [Sigma]j{3 x
Aduct_j x (Tduct_Full_83_j-
Tei){time}
Qduct_DD_83_Low = [Sigma]j{3 x
Aduct_j x (Tduct_Low_83_j--
Tei){time}
Where:
Qduct_SD = the total heat transferred from the duct to
the indoor conditioned space in cooling mode, in Btu/h, when tested
at Test Condition 1.C.
Qduct_DD_95 and Qduct_DD_83 = the total heat
transferred from the ducts to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode, in Btu/h, when tested at Test Conditions 1.A and 1.B,
respectively.
Qduct_SD_Full and Qduct_SD_Low = the total
heat transferred from the duct to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode, in Btu/h, when tested at Test Conditions 2.D and 2.E,
respectively.
Qduct_DD_95_Full, Qduct_DD_83_Full, and
Qduct_DD_83_Low = the total heat transferred from the
ducts to the indoor conditioned space in cooling mode, in Btu/h,
when tested at Test Condition 2.A, Test Condition 2.B, and Test
Condition 2.C, respectively.
3 = empirically-derived convection coefficient in Btu/h per square
foot per [deg]F.
[[Page 31130]]
Aduct_j = surface area of the duct ``j'', as calculated
in this section, in square feet.
Tduct_j = average surface temperature for duct ``j'' of
single-duct single-speed portable air conditioners, in [deg]F, as
measured at Test Condition 1.C.
Tduct_95_j and Tduct_83_j = average surface
temperature for duct ``j'' of dual-duct single-speed portable air
conditioners, in [deg]F, as measured at Test Conditions 1.A and 1.B,
respectively.
Tduct_Full_j and Tduct_Low_j = average surface
temperature for duct ``j'' of single-duct variable-speed portable
air conditioners, in [deg]F, as measured at Test Conditions 2.D and
2.E, respectively.
Tduct_Full_95_j, Tduct_Full_83_j, and
Tduct_Low_83_j = average surface temperature for duct
``j'' of dual-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners, in
[deg]F, as measured at Test Conditions 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C,
respectively.
j represents the condenser exhaust duct for single-duct units, the
condenser exhaust duct and the condenser inlet duct for dual-duct
units, and the combined duct for combined-duct units.
Tei = average evaporator inlet air dry-bulb temperature,
as measured in section 4.1 of this appendix, in [deg]F.
4.1.4. Infiltration Air Heat Transfer.
Calculate the sample unit's heat contribution from infiltration
air into the conditioned space for each cooling mode test as
follows:
Calculate the dry air mass flow rate of infiltration air, which
affects the sensible and latent components of heat contribution from
infiltration air, according to the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.000
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.001
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.002
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.003
Where:
mSD, mSD_Full, and mSD_Low = dry
air mass flow rate of infiltration air for single-duct portable air
conditioners, in pounds per minute (lb/m) when tested at Test
Conditions 1.C, 2.D, and 2.E, respectively.
m95, m83, m95_Full,
m83_Full, and m83_Low = dry air mass flow rate
of infiltration air for dual-duct portable air conditioners, in lb/
m, when tested at Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C,
respectively.
Vco_SD, Vco_SD_Full, Vco_SD_Low,
Vco_95, Vco_83, Vco_95_Full,
Vco_83_Full, and Vco_83_Low = average
volumetric flow rate of the condenser outlet air, in cubic feet per
minute (cfm), as measured at Test Conditions 1.C, 2.D, 2.E, 1.A,
1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as required in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
Vci_95, Vci_83, Vci_95_Full,
Vci_83_Full, and Vci_83_Low = average
volumetric flow rate of the condenser inlet air, in cfm, as measured
at Test Conditions 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as
required in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
[rho]co_SD, [rho]co_SD_Full,
[rho]co_SD_Low, [rho]co_95,
[rho]co_83, [rho]co_95_Full,
[rho]co_83_Full, and [rho]co_83_Low = average
density of the condenser outlet air, in pounds mass per cubic foot
(lbm/ft\3\), as measured at Test Conditions 1.C, 2.D,
2.E, 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as required in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
[rho]ci_95, [rho]ci_83,
[rho]ci_95_Full, [rho]ci_83_Full, and
[rho]ci_83_Low = average density of the condenser inlet
air, in lbm/ft\3\, as measured at Test Conditions 1.A,
1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as required in sections 4.1.1
and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
[omega]co_SD, [omega]co_SD_Full,
[omega]co_SD_Low, [omega]co_95,
[omega]co_83, [omega]co_95_Full,
[omega]co_83_Full, and [omega]co_83_Low =
average humidity ratio of condenser outlet air, in pounds mass of
water vapor per pounds mass of dry air (lbw/
lbda), as
[[Page 31131]]
measured at Test Conditions 1.C, 2.D, 2.E, 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and
2.C, respectively, as required in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this
appendix.
[omega]ci_95, [omega]ci_83,
[omega]ci_95_Full, [omega]ci_83_Full, and
[omega]ci_83_Low = average humidity ratio of condenser
inlet air, in lbw/lbda, as measured at Test
Conditions 1.A, 1.B, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively, as required in
sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 of this appendix.
Calculate the sensible component of infiltration air heat
contribution according to the following equations.
For single-duct single-speed units:
Qs_SD_95 = mSD x 60 x [cp_da x (95-
80) + (cp_wv x (0.0141 x 95 - 0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_SD_83 = mSD x 60 x [(cp_da x (83
- 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 - 0.0112 x 80))]
For dual-duct single-speed units:
Qs_DD_95 = m95 x 60 x [cp_da x (95
- 80) + (cp_wv x (0.0141 x 95 - 0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_DD_83 = m83 x 60 x [(cp_da x (83
- 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 - 0.0112 x 80))]
For single-duct variable-speed units:
Qs_SD_95_Full = mSD_Full x 60 x
[cp_da x (95 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.0141 x 95 -
0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_SD_83_Full = mSD_Full x 60 x
[(cp_da x (83 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 -
0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_SD_83_Low = mSD_Low x 60 x
[(cp_da x (83 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 -
0.0112 x 80))]
For dual-duct variable-speed units:
Qs_DD_95_Full = m95_Full x 60 x
[cp_da x (95 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.0141 x 95 -
0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_DD_83_Full = m83_Full x 60 x
[(cp_da x (83 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 -
0.0112 x 80))]
Qs_DD_83_Low = m83_Low x 60 x
[(cp_da x (83 - 80) + (cp_wv x (0.01086 x 83 -
0.0112 x 80))]
Where:
Qs_SD_95, Qs_SD_83, Qs_DD_95, and
Qs_DD_83 = sensible heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct configuration and
temperature condition.
Qs_SD_95_Full, Qs_SD_83_Full,
Qs_SD_83_Low, Qs_DD_95_Full,
Qs_DD_83_Full, and Qs_DD_83_Low = sensible
heat added to the room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed.
mSD, m95, and m83 = dry air mass
flow rate of infiltration air for single-speed portable air
conditioners, in lb/m, as calculated in section 4.1.4 of this
appendix.
mSD_95_Full, mSD_83_Low, m95_Full
and m83_Low = dry air mass flow rate of infiltration air
for variable-speed portable air conditioners, in lb/m, as calculated
in section 4.1.4 of this appendix.
cp_da = specific heat of dry air, 0.24 Btu/(lbm [deg]F).
cp_wv = specific heat of water vapor, 0.444 Btu/(lbm
[deg]F).
80 = indoor chamber dry-bulb temperature, in [deg]F.
95 = infiltration air dry-bulb temperature for Test Conditions 1.A
and 2.A, in [deg]F.
83 = infiltration air dry-bulb temperature for Test Conditions 1.B,
2.B, and 2.C, in [deg]F.
0.0141 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb infiltration air for Test
Conditions 1.A and 2.A, in lbw/lbda.
0.01086 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb infiltration air for Test
Conditions 1.B, 2.B, and 2.C, in lbw/lbda.
0.0112 = humidity ratio of the indoor chamber air, in
lbw/lbda ([omega]indoor).
60 = conversion factor from minutes to hours.
Calculate the latent heat contribution of the infiltration air
according to the following equations. For a single-duct single-speed
unit:
Ql_SD_95 = mSD x 60 x 1061 x (0.0141 - 0.0112)
Ql_SD_83 = mSD x 60 x 1061 x (0.01086 -
0.0112)
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
Ql_DD_95 = m95 x 60 x 1061 x (0.0141 - 0.0112)
Ql_DD_83 = m83 x 60 x 1061 x (0.01086 -
0.0112)
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
Ql_SD_95_Full = mSD_Full x 60 x 1061 x (0.0141
- 0.0112)
Ql_SD_83_Full = mSD_Full x 60 x 1061 x
(0.01086 - 0.0112)
Ql_SD_83_Low = mSD_Low x 60 x 1061 x (0.01086
- 0.0112)
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
Ql_DD_95_Full = m95_Full x 60 x 1061 x (0.0141
- 0.0112)
Ql_DD_83_Full = m83_Full x 60 x 1061 x
(0.01086 - 0.0112)
Ql_DD_83_Low = m83_Low x 60 x 1061 x (0.01086
- 0.0112)
Where:
Ql_SD_95, Ql_SD_83, Ql_DD_95, and
Ql_DD_83 = latent heat added to the room by infiltration
air, in Btu/h, for each duct configuration and temperature
condition.
Ql_SD_95_Full, Ql_SD_83_Full,
Ql_SD_Low, Ql_DD_95_Full,
Ql_DD_83_Full, and Ql_DD_83_Low = latent heat
added to the room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed.
mSD, m95, and m83 = dry air mass
flow rate of infiltration air for portable air conditioners, in lb/
m, when tested at Test Conditions 1.C, 1.A, and 1.B, respectively,
as calculated in section 4.1.4 of this appendix.
mSD_Full, mSD_Low, m95_Full,
m83_Full and m83_Low = dry air mass flow rate
of infiltration air for portable air conditioners, in lb/m, when
tested at Test Conditions 2.D, 2.E, 2.A, 2.B, and 2.C, respectively,
as calculated in section 4.1.4 of this appendix.
1061 = latent heat of vaporization for water vapor, in Btu/
lbm (Hfg).
0.0141 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb infiltration air for Test
Conditions 1.A and 2.A, in lbw/lbda.
0.01086 = humidity ratio of the dry-bulb infiltration air for Test
Conditions 1.B, 2.B, and 2.C, in lbw/lbda.
0.0112 = humidity ratio of the indoor chamber air, in
lbw/lbda.
60 = conversion factor from minutes to hours.
Calculate the total heat contribution of the infiltration air at
each test condition by adding the sensible and latent heat according
to the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_SD_95 = Qs_SD_95 +
Ql_SD_95
Qinfiltration_SD_83 = Qs_SD_83 +
Ql_SD_83
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_DD_95 = Qs_DD_95 +
Ql_DD_95
Qinfiltration_DD_83 = Qs_DD_83 +
Ql_DD_83
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full = Qs_SD_95_Full +
Ql_SD_95_Full
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full = Qs_SD_83_Full +
Ql_SD_83_Full
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low = Qs_SD_83_Low +
Ql_SD_83_Low
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full = Qs_DD_95_Full +
Ql_DD_95_Full
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full = Qs_DD_83_Full +
Ql_DD_83_Full
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = Qs_DD_83_Low +
Ql_DD_83_Low
Where:
Qinfiltration_SD_95, Qinfiltration_SD_83,
Qinfiltration_DD_95, Qinfiltration_DD_83 =
total infiltration air heat in cooling mode, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration and temperature condition.
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low,
Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full, and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = total infiltration air heat in
cooling mode, in Btu/h, for each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
Qs_SD_95, Qs_SD_83, Qs_DD_95, and
Qs_DD_83 = sensible heat added to the room by
infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed.
Qs_SD_95_Full, Qs_SD_83_Full,
Qs_SD_83_Low, Qs_DD_95_Full,
Qs_DD_83_Full, and Qs_DD_83_Low = sensible
heat added to the room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed.
Ql_SD_95, Ql_SD_83, Ql_DD_95, and
Ql_DD_83 = latent heat added to the room by infiltration
air, in Btu/h, for each duct configuration, and temperature
condition.
Ql_SD_95_Full, Ql_SD_83_Full,
Ql_SD_83_Low, Ql_DD_95_Full,
Ql_DD_83_Full, and Ql_DD_83_Low = latent heat
added to the room by infiltration air, in Btu/h, for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed.
* * * * *
4.3 Standby mode and off mode. Establish the testing conditions
set forth in section 3.2 of this appendix, ensuring that the unit
does not enter any active modes during the test. As discussed in
Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC 62301, allow sufficient time for the
unit to reach the lowest power state before proceeding with the test
measurement. Follow the test procedure specified in Paragraph 5.3.2
of IEC 62301 for testing in each possible mode as described in
sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 of this appendix. If the standby mode is
cyclic and irregular or unstable, collect 10 cycles worth of data.
* * * * *
[[Page 31132]]
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
5.1 Adjusted Cooling Capacity
5.1.1 Single-Speed Adjusted Cooling Capacity. For a single-speed
portable air conditioner, calculate the adjusted cooling capacity at
each outdoor temperature operating condition, in Btu/h, according to
the following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed portable air conditioner unit:
ACCSD\95\SS = CapacitySD - Qduct\SD - Qinflitration\SD\95
ACCSD\83\SS = CapacitySD - Qduct\SD - Qinflitration\SD\83
For a dual-duct single-speed portable air conditioner unit:
ACCDD\95\SS = Capacity95 - Qduct\DD\95 - Qinflitration\DD\95
ACCDD\83\SS = Capacity83 - Qduct\DD\83 - Qinflitration\DD\83
Where:
CapacitySD, Capacity95, and
Capacity83 = cooling capacity for each duct configuration
or temperature condition measured in section 4.1.1 of this appendix.
Qduct_SD, Qduct_DD_95, and
Qduct_DD_83 = duct heat transfer for each duct
configuration or temperature condition while operating in cooling
mode, calculated in section 4.1.3 of this appendix.
Qinfiltration_SD_95, Qinfiltration_SD_83,
Qinfiltration_DD_95, Qinfiltration_DD_83 =
total infiltration air heat transfer in cooling mode for each duct
configuration and temperature condition, calculated in section 4.1.4
of this appendix.
5.1.2 Variable-Speed Adjusted Cooling Capacity. For variable-
speed portable air conditioners, calculate the adjusted cooling
capacity at each outdoor temperature operating condition, in Btu/h,
according to the following equations:
For a single-duct variable-speed portable air conditioner unit:
ACCSD\95 = CapacitySD\Full - Qduct\SD\Full -
Qinflitration\SD\95\Full
ACCSD\83_Full = CapacitySD\Full - Qduct\SD\Full -
Qinflitration\SD\83_Full
ACCSD\83_Low = CapacitySD\Low - Qduct\SD\Low -
Qinflitration\SD\83\Low
For a dual-duct variable-speed portable air conditioner unit:
ACCDD\95 = CapacityDD\95_Full -
Qduct\DD\95_Full - Qinflitration\DD\95_Full
ACCDD\83_Full = CapacityDD\83\Full -
Qduct\DD\83_Full - Qinflitration\DD\83_Full
ACCDD\83_Low = CapacityDD\83\Low -
Qduct\DD\83\Low - Qinflitration\DD\83\Low
Where:
CapacitySD_Full, CapacitySD_Low,
CapacityDD_95_Full, CapacityDD_83_Full, and
CapacityDD_83_Low = cooling capacity in Btu/h for each
duct configuration, temperature condition (where applicable), and
compressor speed, as measured in section 4.1.2 of this appendix.
Qduct_SD_Full, Qduct_SD_Low,
Qduct_DD_95_Full, Qduct_DD_83_Full, and
Qduct_DD_83_Low = combined duct heat transfer for each
duct configuration, temperature condition (where applicable), and
compressor speed, as calculated in section 4.1.3 of this appendix.
Qinfiltration_SD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full,
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Low,
Qinfiltration_DD_95_Full,
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full, and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Low = total infiltration air heat
transfer in cooling mode for each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed, as calculated in section 4.1.4 of
this appendix.
5.2 Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity
5.2.1 Calculate the unit's seasonally adjusted cooling capacity,
SACC, in Btu/h, according to the following equations:
For a single-speed portable air conditioner unit:
SACCSD = ACCSD\95_SS x 0.2 + ACCSD\83_SS x 0.8
SACCDD = ACCDD\95_SS x 0.2 + ACCSD\83_SS x 0.8
For a variable-speed portable air conditioner unit:
SACCSD = ACCSD\95 x 0.2 + ACCSD\83_Low x 0.8
SACCDD = ACCDD\95 x 0.2 + ACCDD\83_Low x 0.8
Where:
ACCSD_95_SS, ACCSD_83_SS,
ACCDD_95_SS, and ACCDD_83_SS = adjusted
cooling capacity for single-speed portable air conditioners for each
duct configuration and temperature condition, in Btu/h, calculated
in section 5.1.1 of this appendix.
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Low, ACCDD_95,
and ACCDD_83_Low = adjusted cooling capacity for
variable-speed portable air conditioners for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed, in Btu/
h, calculated in section 5.1.2 of this appendix.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 [deg]F test condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 [deg]F test condition.
5.2.2 For variable-speed portable ACs determine a Full-Load
Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity (SACCFull_SD for
single-speed units and SACCFull_DD for dual-duct units)
using the following formulas:
SACCFull\SD = ACCSD\95 x 0.2 + ACCSD\83_Full x
0.8
SACCFull\DD = ACCDD\95 x 0.2 + ACCDD\83_Full x
0.8
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Full, ACCDD_95,
and ACCDD_83_Full = adjusted cooling capacity for
variable-speed portable air conditioners for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed (where
applicable), in Btu/h, calculated in section 5.1.2 of this appendix.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 [deg]F test condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 [deg]F test condition.
5.3 Annual Energy Consumption. Calculate the sample unit's
annual energy consumption in each operating mode according to the
equation below. For each operating mode, use the following annual
hours of operation and equation:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual
Type of portable air conditioner Operating mode Subscript operating
hours
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable speed (single- or dual-duct)... Cooling Mode: Test DD_95_Full, DD_83_Full, 750
Conditions 2.A, 2.B, 2.C, DD_83_Low, SD_Full, and
2.D, and 2.E \1\. SD_Low.
Single speed (single- or dual-duct)..... Cooling Mode: Test DD_95, DD_83, and SD...... 750
Conditions 1.A, 1.B, and
1C \1\.
all..................................... Off-Cycle................. oc........................ 880
all..................................... Inactive or Off........... ia or om.................. 1,355
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ These operating mode hours are for the purposes of calculating annual energy consumption under different
ambient conditions and are not a division of the total cooling mode operating hours. The total cooling mode
operating hours are 750 hours.
AECm = Pm x tm x 0.001
Where:
AECm = annual energy consumption in the operating mode,
in kWh/year.
m represents the operating mode as shown in the table above with
each operating mode's respective subscript.
Pm = average power in the operating mode, in watts, as
determined in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
tm = number of annual operating time in each operating
mode, in hours.
0.001 kWh/Wh = conversion factor from watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
Calculate the sample unit's total annual energy consumption in
off-cycle mode and inactive or off mode as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.004
Where:
[[Page 31133]]
AECT = total annual energy consumption attributed to off-
cycle mode and inactive or off mode, in kWh/year;
AECm = total annual energy consumption in the operating
mode, in kWh/year.
ncm represents the following two non-cooling operating modes: off-
cycle mode and inactive or off mode.
5.4 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio
5.4.1 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio for Single-Speed Portable
Air Conditioners.
Using the annual operating hours established in section 5.3 of
this appendix, calculate the combined energy efficiency ratio, CEER,
in Btu/Wh, for single-speed portable air conditioners according to
the following equation, as applicable:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.005
Where:
CEERSD and CEERDD = combined energy efficiency
ratio for a single-duct unit and dual-duct unit, respectively, in
Btu/Wh.
ACCSD_95_SS, ACCSD_83_SS,
ACCDD_95_SS, ACCDD_83_SS = adjusted cooling
capacity for each duct configuration and temperature condition, in
Btu/h, calculated in section 5.1 of this appendix.
AECSD, AECDD_95 and AECDD_83 =
annual energy consumption in cooling mode for each duct
configuration and temperature condition, in kWh/year, calculated in
section 5.3 of this appendix.
AECT = total annual energy consumption attributed to all
modes except cooling, in kWh/year, calculated in section 5.3 of this
appendix.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per year, 750, multiplied by
the conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours, 0.001 kWh/
Wh.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor condition
test.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor condition
test.
5.4.2 Unadjusted Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio for Variable-
Speed Portable Air Conditioners.
For a variable-speed portable air conditioner, calculate the
unit's unadjusted combined energy efficiency ratio,
CEERUA, in Btu/Wh, as follows:
For single-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.006
For dual-duct variable-speed portable air conditioners:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.007
Where:
CEERSD_UA, and CEERDD_UA = unadjusted combined
energy efficiency ratio for a single-duct and dual-duct sample unit,
in Btu/Wh, respectively.
ACCSD_95, ACCSD_83_Low, ACCDD_95,
and ACCDD_83 = adjusted cooling capacity for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed, as
calculated in section 5.1.2 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
AECSD_Full, AECSD_Low,
AECDD_95_Full, and AECDD_83_Low = annual
energy consumption for each duct configuration, temperature
condition, and compressor speed in cooling mode operation, as
calculated in section 5.3 of this appendix, in kWh/year.
AECia/om = annual energy consumption attributed to
inactive or off mode, in kWh/year, calculated in section 5.3 of this
appendix.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per year, 750, multiplied by
the conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours, 0.001 kWh/
Wh.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition.
5.5 Adjustment of the Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio. Adjust
the sample unit's unadjusted combined energy efficiency ratio as
follows.
5.5.1 Theoretical Comparable Single-Speed Portable Air
Conditioner Cooling Capacity and Power at the Lower Outdoor
Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate the cooling capacity
without and with cycling losses, in British thermal units per hour
(Btu/h), and electrical power input, in watts, for a single-duct or
dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner at an 83 [deg]F outdoor dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition according to the following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable single speed portable
air conditioner:
CapacitySD_83_SS = CapacitySD_Full
CapacitySD_83_SS_CF = CapacitySD_Full x 0.82
PSD_83_SS = PSD_Full
[[Page 31134]]
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable single speed portable air
conditioner:
CapacityDD_83_SS = Capacity83_Full
CapacityDD_83_SS_CF = Capacity83_Full x 0.77
PDD_83_SS = P83_Full
Where:
CapacitySD_83_SS and CapacityDD_83_SS =
cooling capacity of a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air conditioner, calculated for the
83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition (Test
Conditions 2.E and 2.B, respectively), in Btu/h.
CapacitySD_83_SS_CF and CapacityDD_83_SS_CF =
cooling capacity of a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air conditioner with cycling
losses, in Btu/h, calculated for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B,
respectively).
CapacitySD_Full and Capacity83_Full = cooling
capacity of the sample unit, measured in section 4.1.2 of this
appendix at Test Conditions 2.D and 2.B, in Btu/h.
PSD_83_SS and PDD_83_SS = power input of a
single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner calculated for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E and
2.B, respectively), in watts.
PSD_Full and P83_Full = electrical power input
of the sample unit, measured in section 4.1.2 of this appendix at
Test Conditions 2.D and 2.B, in watts.
0.82 = empirically-derived cycling factor for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition for single-duct units.
0.77 = empirically-derived cycling factor for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition for dual-duct units.
5.5.2 Duct Heat Transfer for a Theoretical Comparable Single-
Speed Portable Air Conditioner at the Lower Outdoor Temperature
Operating Condition. Calculate the duct heat transfer to the
conditioned space for a single-duct or dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air conditioner at the 83 [deg]F
dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition as follows:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner:
Qduct_SD_83_SS = Qduct_SD_Full
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner:
Qduct_DD_83_SS = Qduct_DD_83_Full
Where:
Qduct_SD_83_SS and Qduct_DD_83_SS = total heat
transferred from the condenser exhaust duct to the indoor
conditioned space in cooling mode, for single-duct and dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable air conditioners,
respectively, at the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B, respectively), in
Btu/h.
Qduct_SD_Full and Qduct_DD_83_Full = the total
heat transferred from the duct to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode, when tested at Test Conditions 2.D and 2.B,
respectively, as calculated in section 4.1.3 of this appendix, in
Btu/h.
5.5.3 Infiltration Air Heat Transfer for a Theoretical
Comparable Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioner at the Lower
Outdoor Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate the total heat
contribution from infiltration air for a single-duct or dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable air conditioner at the
83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition, as
follows:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner:
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS =
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner:
Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS =
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full
Where:
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS = total infiltration air heat in
cooling mode for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner, respectively at the 83 [deg]F
dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition (Test Conditions
2.E and 2.B, respectively), in Btu/h.
Qinfiltration_SD_83_Full and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_Full = total infiltration air heat
transfer of the sample unit in cooling mode for each duct
configuration, temperature condition, and compressor speed, as
calculated in section 4.1.4 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
5.5.4 Adjusted Cooling Capacity for a Theoretical Comparable
Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioner at the Lower Outdoor
Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate the adjusted cooling
capacity without and with cycling losses for a single-duct or dual-
duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air conditioner at
the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition, in
Btu/h, according to the following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner:
ACCSD_83_SS = CapacitySD_83_SS -
Qduct_SD_83_SS - Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS
ACCSD_83_SS_CF = CapacitySD_83_SS_CF -
Qduct_SD_83_SS - Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner:
ACCDD__83_SS = Capacity83_SS -
Qduct_DD_83_SS - Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS
ACCDD_83_SS_CF = CapacityDD_83_SS_CF -
Qduct_DD_83_SS - Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS
Where:
ACCSD_83_SS, ACCSD_83_SS_CF,
ACCDD_83_SS, and ACCDD_83_SS_CF = adjusted
cooling capacity for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical
comparable single-speed portable air conditioner at the 83 [deg]F
dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition (Test Conditions
2.E and 2.B, respectively) without and with cycling losses,
respectively, in Btu/h.
CapacitySD_83_SS and CapacitySD_83_SS_CF =
cooling capacity of a single-duct theoretical comparable single-
speed portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses,
respectively, at Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition), respectively, calculated
in section 5.5.1 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
CapacityDD_83_SS and CapacityDD_83_SS_CF =
cooling capacity of a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses,
respectively, at Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb
outdoor temperature operating condition), respectively, calculated
in section 5.5.1 of this appendix, in Btu/h.
Qduct_SD_83_SS and Qduct_DD_83_SS = total heat
transferred from the ducts to the indoor conditioned space in
cooling mode for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner, at Test Conditions 2.E and
2.B (the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating
condition), respectively, calculated in section 5.5.2 of this
appendix, in Btu/h.
Qinfiltration_SD_83_SS and
Qinfiltration_DD_83_SS = total infiltration air heat in
cooling mode for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner, respectively, at Test
Conditions 2.E and 2.B (the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature
operating condition), respectively, calculated in section 5.5.3 of
this appendix, in Btu/h.
5.5.5 Annual Energy Consumption in Cooling Mode for a
Theoretical Comparable Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioner at the
Lower Outdoor Temperature Operating Condition. Calculate the annual
energy consumption in cooling mode for a single-duct or dual-duct
theoretical comparable single-speed portable air conditioner at the
83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition, in kWh/
year, according to the following equations:
For a single-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable
air conditioner:
AECSD_83_SS = PSD_83_SS x 0.750
For a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed portable air
conditioner:
AECDD_83_SS = PDD_83_SS x 0.750
Where:
AECSD_83_SS and AECDD_83_SS = annual energy
consumption for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner, respectively, in cooling mode
at the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition
(Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B, respectively), in kWh/year.
PSD_83_SS and PDD_83_SS = electrical power
input for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable single-
speed portable air conditioner, respectively, at the 83 [deg]F dry-
bulb outdoor temperature operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E
and 2.B, respectively) as calculated in section 5.5.1 of this
appendix, in watts.
0.750 = number of cooling mode hours per year, 750, multiplied by
the conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours, 0.001 kWh/
Wh.
5.5.6 Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio for a Theoretical
Comparable Single-Speed Portable Air Conditioner. Calculate the
combined energy efficiency ratios for a theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner without cycling losses,
CEERSD_SS and CEERDD_SS, and with cycling
losses, CEERSD_SS_CF and CEERDD_SS_CF, in
[[Page 31135]]
Btu/Wh, according to the following equations:
For a single-duct portable air conditioner:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.008
For a dual-duct portable air conditioner:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.009
Where:
CEERSD_SS and CEERSD_CF_SS = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a single-duct theoretical comparable single-
speed portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses,
respectively, in Btu/Wh.
CEERDD_SS and CEERDD_CF_SS = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses,
respectively, in Btu/Wh.
ACCSD_95 and ACCDD_95 = adjusted cooling
capacity of the sample unit, as calculated in section 5.1.2 of this
appendix, when tested at Test Conditions 2.D and 2.A, respectively,
in Btu/h.
ACCSD_83_SS and ACCSD_83_SS_CF = adjusted
cooling capacity for a single-duct theoretical comparable single-
speed portable air conditioner at the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition (Test Conditions 2.E) without and
with cycling losses, respectively, as calculated in section 5.5.4 of
this appendix, in Btu/h.
ACCDD_83_SS and ACCDD_83_SS_CF = adjusted
cooling capacity for a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner at the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition (Test Condition 2.B) without and
with cycling losses, respectively, as calculated in section 5.5.4 of
this appendix, in Btu/h.
AECSD_Full = annual energy consumption of the single-duct
sample unit, as calculated in section 5.4.2.1 of this appendix, in
kWh/year.
AECDD_95_Full = annual energy consumption for the dual-
duct sample unit, as calculated in section 5.4.2.1 of this appendix,
in kWh/year.
AECSD_83_SS and AECDD_83_SS = annual energy
consumption for a single-duct and dual-duct theoretical comparable
single-speed portable air conditioner, respectively, in cooling mode
at the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor temperature operating condition
(Test Conditions 2.E and 2.B, respectively), calculated in section
5.5.5 of this appendix, in kWh/year.
AECT = total annual energy consumption attributed to all
operating modes except cooling for the sample unit, calculated in
section 5.3 of this appendix, in kWh/year.
0.750 as defined previously in this section.
0.2 = weighting factor for the 95 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition.
0.8 = weighting factor for the 83 [deg]F dry-bulb outdoor
temperature operating condition.
5.5.7 Performance Adjustment Factor. Calculate the sample unit's
performance adjustment factor, Fp, as follows:
For a single-duct unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.010
For a dual-duct unit:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.011
[[Page 31136]]
Where:
CEERSD_SS and CEERSD_SS_CF = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a single-duct theoretical comparable single-
speed portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses
considered, respectively, calculated in section 5.5.6 of this
appendix, in Btu/Wh.
CEERDD_SS and CEERDD_SS_CF = combined energy
efficiency ratio for a dual-duct theoretical comparable single-speed
portable air conditioner without and with cycling losses considered,
respectively, calculated in section 5.5.6 of this appendix, in Btu/
Wh.
5.5.8 Single-Duct and Dual-Duct Variable-Speed Portable Air
Conditioner Combined Energy Efficiency Ratio. Calculate the sample
unit's final combined energy efficiency ratio, CEER, in Btu/Wh, as
follows:
For a single-duct portable air conditioner:
CEERSD = CEERSD_UA x (1 + Fp_SD)
For a dual-duct portable air conditioner:
CEERDD = CEERDD_UA x (1 + Fp_DD)
Where:
CEERSD and CEERDD = combined energy efficiency
ratio for a single-duct and dual-duct sample unit, in Btu/Wh,
respectively.
CEERSD_UA and CEERDD_UA = unadjusted combined
energy efficiency ratio for a single-duct and dual-duct sample unit,
respectively, calculated in section 5.4.2.1 of this appendix, in
Btu/Wh.
Fp_SD and Fp_DD = single-duct and dual-duct
sample unit's performance adjustment factor, respectively,
calculated in section 5.5.7 of this appendix.
0
8. Appendix CC1 to subpart B of part 430 is added to read as follows:
Appendix CC1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Portable Air Conditioners
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of testing under this
appendix CC1 to determine compliance with any standards that amend
the portable air conditioners standard at Sec. 430.32(cc) with
which compliance is required on January 10, 2025 and that use the
Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio (AEER) metric. Any representation
related to energy also must be made in accordance with the appendix
that applies (i.e., appendix CC to this subpart or this appendix
CC1). Manufacturers may also use this appendix CC1 to certify
compliance with any amended standards before the compliance date for
those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3, the entire
standard for AHAM PAC-1-2022, ANSI/AMCA 210-99, ASHRAE 37-2009,
ASHRAE 41.1-1986, ASHRAE 41.6-1994, and IEC 62301; however, only
enumerated provisions of AHAM PAC-1-2022, ANSI/AMCA 210-99, ASHRAE
37-2009, and IEC 62301 are applicable to this appendix CC1, as
follows. Treat ``should'' in IEC 62301 as mandatory. When there is a
conflict, the language of this appendix takes precedence over those
documents.
0.1 AHAM PAC-1-2022
(a) Section 4 ``Definitions,'' as specified in section 2 of this
appendix;
(b) Section 7 ``Test Setup,'' as specified in sections 3 and 4
of this appendix;
(c) Section 8 ``Test Conduct,'' as specified in section 4 of
this appendix;
(d) Section 8.1 ``Cooling Mode,'' as specified in sections 5.1
and 5.3 of this appendix;
(e) Section 9 ``Calculation of Derived Results from Test
Measurements,'' as specified in section 5 of this appendix;
(f) Section 9.1 ``Duct Heat Transfer,'' as specified in section
5.1 of this appendix;
(g) Section 9.2 ``Infiltration Air Heat Transfer,'' as specified
in section 5.1 of this appendix.
0.2 ANSI/AMCA 210-99 (``ANSI/AMCA 210'')
(a) Figure 12, ``Outlet chamber Setup--Multiple Nozzles in
Chamber,'' as specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(b) Figure 12 Notes, as specified in section 4 of this appendix.
0.3 ASHRAE 37-2009
(a) Section 5.1 ``Temperature Measuring Instruments,'' as
specified in section 3 of this appendix;
(b) Section 5.3 ``Air Differential Pressure and Airflow
Measurements,'' as specified in section 3 of this appendix;
(c) Section 5.4 ``Electrical Instruments,'' as specified in
section 4 of this appendix;
(d) Section 6.2 ``Nozzle Airflow Measuring Apparatus,'' as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(e) Section 6.3 ``Nozzles,'' as specified in section 4 of this
appendix;
(f) Section 7.3 ``Indoor and Outdoor Air Enthalpy Methods,'' as
specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(g) Section 7.7 ``Airflow Rate Measurement,'' as specified in
section 4 of this appendix;
(h) Section 8.7 ``Test Procedure for Cooling Capacity Tests,''
as specified in section 4 of this appendix;
(i) Section 9 ``Data to be Recorded,'' as specified in section 4
of this appendix;
(j) Section 10 ``Test Results,'' as specified in section 4 of
this appendix;
(k) Section 11.1 ``Symbols Used In Equations,'' as specified in
section 4 of this appendix.
0.4 IEC 62301
(a) Paragraph 4.2 ``Test room'' as specified in section 3 of
this appendix;
(b) Paragraph 4.3.2 ``Supply voltage waveform,'' as specified in
section 3 of this appendix;
(c) Paragraph 4.4 ``Power measuring instruments,'' as specified
in section 3 of this appendix;
(d) Paragraph 5.1, ``General,'' Note 1 as specified in section 4
of this appendix;
(e)Paragraph 5.2 ``Preparation of product,'' as specified in
section 3 of this appendix;
(f) Paragraph 5.3.2 ``Sampling method,'' as specified in section
4 of this appendix;
(g) Annex D, ``Determination of Uncertainty of Measurement,'' as
specified in section 3 of this appendix.
1. Scope
Establishes test requirements to measure the energy performance
of single-duct and dual-duct, and single-speed and variable-speed
portable air conditioners in accordance with AHAM PAC-1-2022, unless
otherwise specified.
2. Definitions
Definitions for industry standards, terms, modes, calculations,
etc. are in accordance with AHAM PAC-1-2022, section 4, with the
following added definition:
Annualized Energy Efficiency Ratio means the energy efficiency
of a portable air conditioner as measured in accordance with this
test procedure as the total annual cooling delivered divided by the
total annual energy consumption in per watt-hours (Btu/Wh) and
determined in section 5.4.
3. Test Apparatus and General Instructions
Follow requirements and instructions for test conduct and test
setup in accordance with AHAM PAC-1-2022, section 7, excluding
section 7.1.3, including references to ASHRAE 37-2009, sections 5.1
and 5.3, and IEC 62301 sections 4.2, 4.3.2, 4.4, and 5.2, and Annex
D. If the portable air conditioner has network functions, disable
all network functions throughout testing if possible. If an end-user
cannot disable a network function or the product's user manual does
not provide instruction for disabling a network function, test the
unit with that network function in the factory default configuration
for the duration of the test.
3.1 Duct temperature measurements. Install any insulation and
sealing provided by the manufacturer. For a dual-duct or single-duct
unit, adhere four thermocouples per duct, spaced along the entire
length equally, to the outer surface of the duct. Measure the
surface temperatures of each duct. For a combined-duct unit, adhere
sixteen thermocouples to the outer surface of the duct, spaced
evenly around the circumference (four thermocouples, each 90 degrees
apart, radially) and down the entire length of the duct (four sets
of four thermocouples, evenly spaced along the entire length of the
duct), ensuring that the thermocouples are spaced along the entire
length equally, on the surface of the combined duct. Place at least
one thermocouple preferably adjacent to, but otherwise as close as
possible to, the condenser inlet aperture and at least one
thermocouple on the duct surface preferably adjacent to, but
otherwise as close as possible to, the condenser outlet aperture.
Measure the surface temperature of the combined duct at each
thermocouple. Temperature measurements must have an error no greater
than 0.5 [deg]F over the range being measured.
4. Test Measurement
Follow requirements for test conduct in active and inactive
modes of operation in accordance with AHAM PAC-1-2022, section 8,
except section 8.1.b, including references to sections 5.4, 6.2,
6.3, 7.3, 7.7, 8.7, 9, 10, and 11 of ASHRAE 37-2009, referring to
Figure 12 and Figure 12 Notes of ANSI/AMCA 210 to determine
placement of
[[Page 31137]]
static pressure taps, and including references to ASHRAE 41.1-1986
and ASHRAE 41.6-1994. When conducting cooling mode testing for a
variable-speed dual-duct portable air conditioner, use test
configurations 1C and 1E in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022. Conduct the
first test in accordance with ambient conditions for test
configuration 1C in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022, and measure cooling
capacity (CapacityDD_95_Full) and input power
(PDD_95_Full). Conduct the second test in accordance with
the ambient conditions for test configuration 1E in Table 2 of AHAM
PAC-1-2022, with the compressor speed set to low for the duration of
cooling mode testing (in accordance with the manufacturer
instructions as described in section 7.1.10), and measure cooling
capacity (CapacityDD_83_Low) and input power
(PDD_83_Low). When conducting standby power testing using
the sampling method described in section 5.3.2 of IEC 62301, if the
standby mode is cyclic and irregular or unstable, collect 10 cycles
worth of data. As discussed in Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC 62301,
allow sufficient time for the unit to reach the lowest power state
before proceeding with the test measurement.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
Perform calculations from test measurements to determine
Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity (SACC) and Annualized Energy
Efficiency Ratio (AEER) in accordance with AHAM PAC-1-2022, section
9 unless otherwise specified in this section.
5.1 Adjusted Cooling Capacity. Calculate the adjusted cooling
capacities at the 95 [deg]F and 83 [deg]F operating conditions
specified below of the sample unit, in Btu/h, according to the
following equations.
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacitySD -Qduct\SD -
Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = 0.6000 x (Capacity SD - Qduct\SD -
Qinfiltration_95)
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacitySD\Full -Qduct\SD\Full -
Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = CapacitySD\Low -Qduct\SD\Low -
Qinfiltration_83_Low
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacityDD_95 -Qduct\DD_95
- Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = 0.5363 x (Capacity DD_83 -
Qduct\DD_83 - Qinfiltration_83)
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
ACC95 = CapacityDD_95\Full -
Qduct\DD_95\Full - Qinfiltration_95
ACC83 = CapacityDD_\Low -
Qduct\DD_83\Low - Qinfiltration_83\Low
Where:
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling capacity of
the sample unit, in Btu/h, calculated from testing at:
For a single-duct single-speed unit, test configuration 2A in
Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022.
For a single-duct variable-speed unit, test configurations 2B
and 2C in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022.
For a dual-duct single-speed unit, test configurations 1A and 1B
in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022.
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit: test configurations 1C and
1E in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022.
CapacitySD, CapacitySD_Full,
CapacitySD_Low, CapacityDD_95,
CapacityDD_83, CapacityDD_95_Full, and
CapacityDD_83_Low = cooling capacity, in Btu/h, measured
in testing at test configuration 2A, 2B, 2C, 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1E of
Table 2 in section 8.1 of AHAM PAC-1-2022, respectively.
Qduct_SD, Qduct_SD_Full,
Qduct_SD_Low, Qduct_DD_95,
Qduct_DD_83, Qduct_DD_95_Full, and
Qduct_DD_83_Low = duct heat transfer while operating in
cooling mode for each duct configuration, compressor speed (where
applicable) and temperature condition (where applicable), calculated
in section 9.1 of AHAM PAC-1-2022, in Btu/h.
Qinfiltration_95, Qinfiltration_83, and
Qinfiltration_83_Low = total infiltration air heat
transfer in cooling mode, in Btu/h, for each of the following
compressor speed and duct configuration combinations:
For a single-duct single-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 as calculated for a single-duct single-
speed unit in section 9.2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022.
For a single-duct variable-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83_Low as
calculated for a single-duct variable-speed unit in section 9.2 of
AHAM PAC-1-2022.
For a dual-duct single-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83 as
calculated for a dual-duct single-speed unit in section 9.2 of AHAM
PAC-1-2022.
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit, use
Qinfiltration_95 and Qinfiltration_83_Low as
calculated for a dual-duct variable-speed unit in section 9.2 of
AHAM PAC-1-2022.
0.6000 and 0.5363 = empirically-derived load-based capacity
adjustment factor for a single-duct and dual-duct single-speed unit,
respectively, when operating at test conditions 2A and 1B.
5.2 Seasonally Adjusted Cooling Capacity. Calculate the
seasonally adjusted cooling capacity for the sample unit, SACC, in
Btu/h, according to:
SACC = ACC95 x 0.144 + ACC83 x 0.856
Where:
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling capacities
at the 95 [deg]F and 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature conditions,
respectively, in Btu/h, calculated in section 5.1 of this appendix.
0.144 = empirically-derived weighting factor for ACC95.
0.856 = empirically-derived weighting factor for ACC83.
5.3 Annual Energy Consumption. Calculate the annual energy
consumption in each operating mode, AECm, in kilowatt-hours per year
(kWh/year). Use the following annual hours of operation for each
mode:
Table 1--Annual Operating Hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual operating
Operating mode hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cooling Mode Test Configurations 1A, 1C, 2A (95), 2B. 164
Cooling Mode Test Configurations 1B, 2A (83)......... 586
Cooling Mode Test Configuration 1E, 2C............... 977
Off-Cycle, Single-Speed.............................. 391
Off-Cycle, Variable-Speed............................ 0
Total Cooling and Off-cycle Mode..................... 1,141
Inactive or Off Mode................................. 1,844
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculate total annual energy consumption in all modes according
to the following equations:
AECia/om = Pia/om x tia/om x k
For a single-duct single-speed unit:
AEC95 = PSD\95 x tSD\95 x k
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.012
For a single-duct variable-speed unit:
AEC95 = PSD\Full x tSD\Full x k
AEC83 = PSD\Low x tSD\Low x k
For a dual-duct single-speed unit:
AEC95 = PDD\95 x tDD\95 x k
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.013
For a dual-duct variable-speed unit:
AEC95 = PDD_95_Full x tDD_95_Full x
k
AEC83 = PDD_83_Low x tDD_83_Low x k
Where:
AEC95 and AEC83 = total annual energy
consumption attributed to all modes representative of either the 95
[deg]F and 83 [deg]F operating condition, respectively, in kWh/year.
Pm = average power in each mode, in watts, as determined
in sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
tm = number of annual operating time in each mode, in
hours.
[[Page 31138]]
k = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor from watt-hours to kilowatt-
hours.
0.82 = empirically-derived factor representing efficiency losses due
to compressor cycling outside of fan operation for single-duct units
0.77 = empirically-derived factor representing efficiency losses due
to compressor cycling outside of fan operation for dual-duct units
m represents the operating mode:
--``DD_95'' and ``DD_83'' correspond to cooling mode in Test
Configurations 1A and 1B in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022,
respectively, for dual-duct single-speed units,
--``DD_95_Full'', ``DD_83_Low'' correspond to cooling mode in Test
Configurations 1C and 1E in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022,
respectively, for dual-duct variable-speed units,
--``SD_95'' corresponds to cooling mode in Test Configuration 2A in
Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022 for single-duct single-speed units, for
use when calculating AEC at the 95 [deg]F outdoor temperature
condition,
--``SD_83'' corresponds to cooling mode in Test Configuration 2A in
Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022 for single-duct single-speed units, for
use when calculating AEC at the 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature
condition,
--``SD_Full'' and ``SD_Low'' correspond to cooling mode in Test
Configurations 2B and 2C in Table 2 of AHAM PAC-1-2022,
respectively, for single-duct variable-speed units,
--``oc'' corresponds to off-cycle,
--``ia/om'' corresponds to inactive or off mode,
5.4 Annualized Cooling and Energy Ratio. Calculate the
annualized energy efficiency ratio, AEER, in Btu/Wh, according to
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.014
Where:
AEER = the annualized energy efficiency ratio of the sample unit in
Btu/Wh.
ACC95 and ACC83 = adjusted cooling capacity at
the 95 [deg]F and 83 [deg]F outdoor temperature conditions,
respectively, calculated in section 5.1 of this appendix.
AEC95, AEC83, AECoc, and
AECia/om = total annual energy consumption attributed to
all modes representative the 95 [deg]F operating condition, the 83
[deg]F operating condition, off-cycle mode, and inactive or off mode
respectively, in kWh/year, calculated in section 5.3 of this
appendix.
tcm_95 = number of annual hours spent in cooling mode at
the 95 [deg]F operating condition, tDD_95 for dual-duct
single-speed units, tDD_95_Full for dual-duct variable-
speed units, tSD_95 for single-duct single-speed units,
or tSD_Full for single-duct variable-speed units, defined
in section 5.3 of this appendix.
164 = number of annual hours spent in cooling mode at the 95 [deg]F
operating condition, as shown in Table III.2
977 = number of annual hours spent in cooling mode and off-cycle
mode at the 83 [deg]F operating condition, defined in section 5.3 of
this appendix. 0.001 = kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to
kilowatt-hours.
0
9. Amend Sec. 430.32 by revising paragraph (cc) to read as follows:
Sec. 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards and their
compliance dates.
* * * * *
(cc) Portable air conditioners. Single-duct portable air
conditioners and dual-duct portable air conditioners manufactured on or
after January 10, 2025 must have a combined energy efficiency ratio
(CEER) in Btu/Wh no less than:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15MY23.015
SACC: For single-speed portable air conditioners, SACC is
seasonally adjusted cooling capacity in Btu/h, as determined in
appendix CC of subpart B of this part. For variable-speed portable air
conditioners, SACC shall be SACCFull in Btu/h, as determined
in appendix CC of subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2023-09755 Filed 5-12-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
