Arms Sales Notification, 24763-24768 [2023-08580]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
• Office of the Secretary

[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 78 (Monday, April 24, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 24763-24768]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-08580]


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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Office of the Secretary

[Transmittal No. 21-63]


Arms Sales Notification

AGENCY: Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense 
(DoD).

ACTION: Arms sales notice.

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SUMMARY: The DoD is publishing the unclassified text of an arms sales 
notification.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Neil Hedlund at 
[email protected] or (703) 697-9214.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This 36(b)(1) arms sales notification is 
published to fulfill the requirements of section 155 of Public Law 104-
164 dated July 21, 1996. The following is a copy of a letter to the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives, Transmittal 21-63 with 
attached Policy Justification and Sensitivity of Technology.


[[Page 24764]]


    Dated: April 19, 2023.
Aaron T. Siegel,
Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense.
BILLING CODE 5001-06-P
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN24AP23.007

BILLING CODE 5001-06-C

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Transmittal No. 21-63
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 
36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended
    (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Greece
    (ii) Total Estimated Value:

Major Defense Equipment *................  $5.4 billion
Other....................................  $1.5 billion
  TOTAL..................................  .............................
 

    Funding Source: National Funds
    (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or 
Services under Consideration for Purchase:

Major Defense Equipment (MDE):
    Four (4) Multi-Mission Surface Combatant (MMSC) Ships
    Five (5) COMBATSS-21 Combat Management Systems (4 installed, 1 
spare)
    Five (5) Vertical Launch Systems (VLS), MK 41 (4 installed, 1 
spare; 8 cells per set)
    Two hundred (200) Rolling Airframe Missiles (RAM) BLK 2 (84 
installed, 10 test and training rounds, 106 spares)
    Five (5) MK 49 Guided Missile Launcher Systems (4 installed, 1 
spare)
    Eight (8) RAM BLK 2 Telemetry Missiles
    Thirty-two (32) Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Rocket (ASROC) 
Missiles (VLA) (12 installed (3 per ship), 8 test and training rockets, 
12 spares)
    Sixteen (16) 7.62mm M240B Machine Guns with ammunition (8 installed 
(2 per ship), 8 spares)
    Thirty-two (32) MK-54 All Up Round Lightweight Torpedoes (16 
installed (4 per ship), 16 spares)
Non-MDE:
    Also included are additional single, VLS cells for VLA; ordnance; 
testing; training; follow-on support; TRS-4D radars; Common Anti-Air 
Modular Missile (CAMM); Common Anti-Air Modular Missile-Extended Range 
(CAMM-ER); Naval Strike Missile (NSM) RGM-184B and launchers; MK 46 
Lightweight Upgrade to MK 54 Lightweight Torpedo; torpedo containers; 
Recoverable Exercise Torpedoes (REXTORP) with containers; Exercise 
Torpedoes (EXTORP) with containers; Expendable Mobile A-size 
Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Training Targets (EMATTs); Fleet Exercise 
Section (FES) and fuel tanks to be used with MK 54 conversion kits; air 
launch accessories for fixed wing; 76mm OTO STRALES gun with ordnance; 
Fire Control Radar; Gun Computer System; 20mm Narwhal gun system with 
ordnance; M2A1 .50 caliber machine gun with ammunition; NIXIE SLQ-25 
Surface Ship Torpedo Defense System; Sylena MK 2 Decoy Launching System 
with CANTO torpedo countermeasure; Elta Electronic Warfare suite with 
counter-unmanned aerial system capability; Compact Low Frequency Active 
Passive Variable Depth Sonar-2 (CAPTAS-2); Low Frequency Active Towed 
Sonar (LFATS); SQQ-89; AN/ARC-210 (RT-2036(C)) radios; Identification 
Friend or Foe (IFF) Equipment; Infrared Search and Track/E.O. director; 
Naval Laser Warning System; chemical, biological and radiological 
threat detectors; and 7 meter Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB). Also 
included are support and test equipment; spare and repair parts; 
communications equipment, including Link 16 communications equipment; 
Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System (BICES); AN/
SRQ-4 Tactical Common Datalink; Global Command and Control System-Joint 
(GCCS-J); Air Defense Systems Integrator (ADSI); cryptographic 
equipment including SY-150, SY-117G, and KYV-5M; Defense Advance GPS 
Receiver (DAGR); software delivery and support; facilities and 
construction support; publications and technical documentation; 
personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and 
contractor engineering, technical and logistics support services; test 
and trials support; studies and surveys; and other related elements of 
logistical and program support.

    (iv) Military Department: Navy (GR-P-SCM)
    (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None
    (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be 
Paid: None known
    (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or 
Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex
    (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: December 10, 2021
    * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.

POLICY JUSTIFICATION

Greece--Multi-Mission Surface Combatant (Hellenic Future Frigate (HF2))

    The Government of Greece has requested to buy four (4) Multi-
Mission Surface Combatant (MMSC) ships; five (5) COMBATSS-21 Combat 
Management Systems (4 installed, 1 spare); five (5) Vertical Launch 
Systems (VLS), MK 41 (4 installed, 1 spare; 8 cells per set); two 
hundred (200) Rolling Airframe Missiles (RAM) BLK 2 (84 installed, 10 
test and training rounds, 106 spares); five (5) MK 49 Guided Missile 
Launcher Systems (4 installed, 1 spare); eight (8) RAM BLK 2 telemetry 
missiles; thirty-two (32) Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Rocket (ASROC) 
missiles (VLA) (12 installed (3 per ship), 8 test and training rockets, 
12 spares); sixteen (16) 7.62mm M240B machine guns with ammunition (8 
installed (2 per ship), 8 spares), and thirty-two (32) MK-54 All Up 
Round Lightweight Torpedoes (16 installed (4 per ship), 16 spares). 
Also included are additional single, VLS cells for VLA; ordnance; 
testing; training; follow-on support; TRS-4D radars; Common Anti-Air 
Modular Missile (CAMM); Common Anti-Air Modular Missile-Extended Range 
(CAMM-ER); Naval Strike Missile (NSM) RGM-184B and launchers; MK 46 
Lightweight Upgrade to MK 54 Lightweight Torpedo; torpedo containers; 
Recoverable Exercise Torpedoes (REXTORP) with containers; Exercise 
Torpedoes (EXTORP) with containers; Expendable Mobile A-size 
Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Training Targets (EMATTs); Fleet Exercise 
Section (FES) and fuel tanks to be used with MK 54 conversion kits; air 
launch accessories for fixed wing; 76mm OTO STRALES gun with ordnance; 
Fire Control Radar; Gun Computer System; 20mm Narwhal gun system with 
ordnance; M2A1 .50 caliber machine gun with ammunition; NIXIE SLQ-25 
Surface Ship Torpedo Defense System; Sylena MK 2 Decoy Launching System 
with CANTO torpedo countermeasure; Elta Electronic Warfare suite with 
counter-unmanned aerial system capability; Compact Low Frequency Active 
Passive Variable Depth Sonar-2 (CAPTAS-2); Low Frequency Active Towed 
Sonar (LFATS); SQQ-89; AN/ARC-210 (RT-2036(C)) radios; Identification 
Friend or Foe (IFF) Equipment; Infrared Search and Track/E.O. director; 
Naval Laser Warning System; chemical, biological and radiological 
threat detectors; and 7 meter Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB). Also 
included are support and test equipment; spare and repair parts; 
communications equipment, including Link 16 communications equipment; 
Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System (BICES); AN/
SRQ-4 Tactical Common Datalink; Global Command and Control System-Joint

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(GCCS-J); Air Defense Systems Integrator (ADSI); cryptographic 
equipment including SY-150, SY-117G, and KYV-5M; Defense Advance GPS 
Receiver (DAGR); software delivery and support; facilities and 
construction support; publications and technical documentation; 
personnel training and training equipment; U.S. Government and 
contractor engineering, technical and logistics support services; test 
and trials support; studies and surveys; and other related elements of 
logistical and program support. The estimated total cost is $6.9 
billion.
    This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national 
security objectives of the United States by helping to improve the 
security of a NATO ally, which is an important partner for political 
stability and economic progress in Europe.
    The proposed sale will improve Greece's capability to meet current 
and future threats by providing an effective combatant deterrent 
capability to protect maritime interests and infrastructure in support 
of its strategic location on NATO's southern flank. This acquisition, 
which will be awarded to the winner of an international competition for 
Hellenic Navy (HN) frigate modernization, will enhance stability and 
maritime security in the Eastern Mediterranean region and contribute to 
security and strategic objectives of NATO and the United States. Greece 
contributes to NATO operations in Kosovo, as well as to 
counterterrorism and counter-piracy maritime efforts. Greece will have 
no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed 
forces.
    The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the 
basic military balance in the region.
    The principal contractor will be Lockheed Martin of Bethesda, MD. 
There are no known offset agreements proposed in connection with this 
potential sale.
    Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment of 
approximately 8 additional U.S. Government and 22 U.S. contractor 
representatives to Greece to support engineering and logistics support 
for the production and integration of Hellenic Future Frigates into the 
Hellenic Navy Fleet.
    There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a 
result of this proposed sale.
Transmittal No. 21-63
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 
36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act
Annex
Item No. vii
    (vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
    1. The Multi-Mission Surface Combatant Ships (MMSC) or Hellenic 
Future Frigate (HF2), a derivative of the Freedom variant of the USN 
Littoral Combat Ship, will provide Greece with an effective combatant 
deterrent capability to protect maritime interests and infrastructure. 
The sensitive technologies include:
    a. COMBATSS-21 is the ship's battle management system, which is 
produced by Lockheed Martin and derived from the USN's latest AEGIS 
combat management system. The COMBATSS-21 Combat Management System is 
the backbone of the Freedom-variant self-defense suite and integrates 
the radar, electro-optical infrared cameras, gun fire control system, 
countermeasures and short-range anti-air missiles. COMBATSS-21 provides 
a flexible, reliable next generation defense system.
    b. TRS-4D radar is a three-dimensional, air volume surveillance 
radar with fast target alert, which provides target designation to the 
combat management system for anti-air warfare (AAW) and anti-surface 
warfare (ASuW). The TRS-4D radar is manufactured by Hensoldt, a German 
company. It provides sensor support for surface gun fire control with 
splash detection, ship-controlled helicopter approach support, jammer 
detection, tracking and suppression, cued search with enhanced 
detection performance for a dedicated sector, cued track with high-
accuracy target tracking for missile guidance, target classification, 
integrated IFF, and is integrated with the combat management system. 
The system is available internationally through Hensoldt.
    c. MK-41 Vertical Launch System (VLS) is a multi-cell, vertical 
missile launcher that accommodates multiple VLS-capable missiles, 
including CAMM, CAMM-ER and the Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Rocket 
(ASROC) (VLA) Lightweight Torpedo. Each HF2 will be configured for 
eight (8) VLS tactical length cells, delivering up to thirty-two (32) 
quad-pack missiles, with an additional three (3) single VLS cells for a 
total of eleven (11) cells per ship. VLS exchanges guidance data with 
COMBATSS-21.
    d. Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM) is designed to counter 
highly sophisticated sea skimming anti-ship cruise missiles. It 
incorporates inertial navigation with uplink/downlink and active RF 
final homing that requires no target illumination. Sea Ceptor controls 
missile targeting and flight profiles before launch through to 
termination. CAMM are quad-packed and could be configured for a thirty-
two (32)-missile ship loadout. CAMM is available internationally from 
MBDA. The CAMM system exchanges guidance data between Sea Ceptor and 
COMBATSS-21.
    e. Common Anti-Air Modular Missile-Extended Range (CAMM-ER) also 
counters highly sophisticated sea skimming anti-ship cruise missiles 
with additional range compared to CAMM. It incorporates inertial 
navigation with uplink/downlink and active RF final homing that 
requires no target illumination. Sea Ceptor controls missile targeting 
and flight profiles before launch through to termination. CAMM-ER are 
quad-packed and could be configured for a thirty-two (32)-missile ship 
loadout. CAMM-ER is available internationally from MBDA. The CAMM-ER 
system exchanges guidance data between Sea Ceptor and COMBATSS-21.
    f. Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Rocket (ASROC) missile (VLA) is 
an all-weather, 360-degree quick-reaction, standoff anti-submarine 
weapon. VLA are fired from VLS with support from the SQQ-89 ASW combat 
system. Guidance data is exchanged with COMBATSS-21.
    g. The MK 54 All Up Round Lightweight (LWT) Torpedo is a 
conventional torpedo that can be launched from surface ships, rotary 
and fixed wing aircraft. The MK 54 is an upgrade to the MK 46 Torpedo. 
The upgrade to the MK 54 entails replacement of the torpedo's sonar, 
guidance and control systems with modern technology. The new guidance 
and control system uses a mixture of commercial-off-the-shelf and 
custom-built electronics. The warhead, fuel tank and propulsion system 
from the MK 46 torpedo are re-used in the MK 54 configuration with 
minor modifications. Greece has not requested, nor will it be provided 
with the source code for MK 54 operational software.
    h. MK 46 LWT Upgrade to MK 54 LWT. All MK 54 LWTs are produced by 
converting a MK 46 LWT and installing a MK 54 LWT upgrade kit. MK 46 
LWT and MK 54 LWT programs have many common components; however, the 
majority of the MK 54 LWT is assembled with new production hardware.
    i. Naval Strike Missile (NSM), RGM-184B, is an anti-ship cruise 
missile that

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provides anti-surface, over-the-horizon engagement capability against 
small-to-medium sized vessels. NSM incorporates an Intelligent Imaging 
Infrared (I3R) Seeker and Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). NSM is 
available internationally from Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA)--
partnered with Raytheon. NSM telemetry missiles will also be procured 
for testing. NSM will not be integrated with COMBATSS-21.
    j. The 76mm OTO STRALES gun is a multi-mission, rapid-fire naval 
gun for primary defense against air and surface threats and for 
employment in naval fire support missions. The 76mm OTO STRALES 
provides an accurate, sustained rate of fire of 1 to 120 rounds per 
minute, and is capable against subsonic, anti-ship missiles. OTO 
STRALES includes a radio frequency guidance system that increases 
system accuracy. The 76mm gun is available internationally from 
Leonardo/OTO Melara; STRALES from Leonardo. The 76mm gun is connected 
to the fire control radar and gun computer system, which is, in turn, 
connected to COMBATSS-21.
    k. The medium-to-long range fire-control radar system interfaces 
with the gun computer system and COMBATSS-21.
    l. The gun computer system directs the actions of the ship's main 
gun battery and receives orders for engagement and firing authorization 
from the Combat Management System. The gun computer system takes target 
data from ship sensors for air and surface targets, or operator-entered 
data for targets ashore, and calculates ballistic solutions and outputs 
gun positioning orders, ammunition loading and firing orders for the 
mount.
    m. Infrared Search and Track (IRST) is a 360-degree, panoramic, day 
and night, passive air and surface surveillance system. The IRST system 
provides long-range detection with tracking of conventional, asymmetric 
and emerging threats.
    n. The 20mm Narwhal gun system is a gyro-stabilized mount armed 
with a 20mm automatic cannon, an electro-optic, charge-coupled device 
camera, and a closed loop, fire-control system, which can be controlled 
remotely to enable system operation, target acquisition and tracking, 
and fire opening by the gun operator. Optional add-ons include a 
thermal camera, laser rangefinder and target automatic tracking video 
system. The 20mm gun has a rate of fire of 800 rounds per minute of 
NATO standard ammunition and is produced by the French Government-owned 
Nexter Systems. The Narwhal gun will not be integrated with COMBATSS-
21.
    o. The 7.62mm M240B Machine Gun is an air-cooled, belt-fed and gas-
operated weapon.
    p. The M2A1 .50 Caliber Machine Gun is an air-cooled, belt-fed 
machine gun that fires from a closed bolt, operated on the short recoil 
principle.
    q. Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) BLK 2 is a lightweight, quick-
reaction, fire-and-forget missile designed to destroy anti-ship cruise 
missiles and asymmetric air and surface threats. The BLK 2 provides 
kinematic and guidance improvements for countering maneuvering and low 
probability of intercept threats. RAM missiles are launched from the MK 
49 Guided Missile Launcher System (GMLS). No shipboard support is 
required after shipboard launch. RAM telemetry missiles will also be 
procured for testing.
    r. MK 49 GMLS is used to deploy RAM.
    s. Low Frequency Active Towed Sonar (LFATS) is a low frequency, 
variable depth sonar used to detect, track and engage submarines. LFATS 
incorporates active and passive processing with 360-degree coverage. 
The VDS-100 system is designed for high performance at a lower 
operating frequency for improved performance.
    t. Compact Low Frequency Active Passive Variable Depth Sonar-2 
(CAPTAS-2) is a key sensor technology for identifying conventional, 
diesel-powered submarines operating in difficult sonar environments, 
such as littoral waters. CAPTAS-2 employs a single winch to tow the 
transmit tow body and receiver array.
    u. The NIXIE SLQ-25 Surface Ship Torpedo Defense System is a 
digitally controlled, electro-acoustic, soft kill countermeasure decoy 
system capable of countering wake homing torpedoes, acoustic homing 
torpedoes, and wire guided torpedoes. NIXIE provides active/passive 
detection, location, threat identification of torpedoes and other 
acoustic targets. NIXIE's towed body, the decoy which diverts the 
threat from the ship, connects to the management system using a fiber 
optic cable to control the signals emitted by the decoy.
    v. Sylena MK 2 Decoy Launching System with CANTO is a torpedo 
countermeasure. The Sylena MK 2 launches the CANTO decoy, which 
generates a high-level, 360-degree acoustic signal to jam the full 
frequency range of an attacking torpedo. Sylena MK 2 is available 
internationally from Lacroix; CANTO from Naval Group. The Sylena MK 2 
decoy launching system and CANTO decoy will exchange data with 
COMBATSS-21.
    w. Elta Electronic Warfare (EW) suite provides Radar Electronic 
Support Measures (RESM), Communications Electronic Support Measures 
(CESM), and Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) with Counter-Unmanned 
Aerial System capability. The Elta EW suite is available 
internationally through ELTA Systems, a subsidiary of Israel Aerospace 
Industries. The Elta EW suite will exchange data with COMBATSS-21.
    x. Naval Laser-Warning System (NLWS) provides real time situational 
awareness of laser-based threats to enhance the tactical picture. NLWS 
interfaces with the ship's CMS, electronic support measures and the 
onboard countermeasure system. NLWS is available internationally from 
SAAB.
    y. Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) Mode 5 is an identification 
system designed for command and control. It enables military and 
national (civilian air traffic control) interrogation systems to 
identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly. Mode 5 provides a 
cryptographically secured version of Mode S and ADS-8 GPS position.
    z. AN/ARC-210 GEN 6 (RT-2036(C)) version is a radio that provides 
two-way, multi-mode voice and data communications with military 
aircraft over Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 
range using U.S. Type 1 encryption. ARC-210 radios contain embedded 
sensitive encryption algorithms, keying material and integrated 
waveforms.
    aa. SY-117G is a combat manpack radio with Type 1 encryption for 
secure voice communication. In the HF2 configuration, the radio will be 
used for interoperable, secure Satellite Communications (SATCOM). The 
SY-117G COMSEC device is a Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI).
    bb. SY-150 is a combat manpack radio with Type 1 encryption. The 
SY-150 COMSEC device is CCI.
    cc. KYV-5M supports tactical secure voice communications. The KYV-
5M COMSEC device is CCI.
    dd. Air Defense Systems Integrator (ADSI) is a tactical command and 
control system that integrates land, air and sea domains to report 
real-time sensor information across the battlespace.
    ee. The AN/SRQ-4 provides the Tactical Common Data Link (TCDL) to 
serve COMBATSS-21 for command and control (C2) functions for radar, 
FLIR, and ESM data. Also, as the TCDL terminal on the ship, the AN/SRQ-
4 exchanges the classified acoustic data with AN/SQQ-89 for real-time

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shipboard processing of MH-60R deployed sonobuoys, increased sonobuoy 
processing, updated sonobuoy control and increased ASW tracks. The AN/
SQQ-89 accepts MH-60R ASW data and processes the data shipboard as a 
coordinated tactical ASW picture with the Variable Depth Sonar. ASW 
Operators, at AN/SQQ-89 consoles, analyze classified data and integrate 
with COMBATSS-21 to provide full implementation and access to the 
capabilities of the MH-60R. The MH-60R Multi-Mission Helicopters, 
procured by the Hellenic Navy under a separate FMS case, introduce 
dipping sonar, upgraded radar, electronic warfare, weapons including MK 
54 torpedoes and external command and control systems. With the MH-60R 
comes the need for a Ku-Band Common Data Link via a shipboard AN/SRQ-4 
Radio Terminal System to support the high data rate requirements 
associated with systems onboard the aircraft.
    ff. The Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System 
(BICES) is a web-enabled, multi-national intelligence system that 
provides near real-time, correlated, situation and order of battle 
information.
    gg. Global Command and Control System-Joint (GCCS-J) is a command, 
control, communications, computers, and intelligence system consisting 
of hardware, software (commercial-off-the-shelf and government-off-the-
shelf), procedures, standards, and interfaces that provide an 
integrated near real-time picture of the battlespace necessary to 
conduct joint and multinational operations. For the HF2 configuration, 
GCCS-J will use Type 1 encryption.
    hh. Defense Advance GPS Receiver (DAGR) provides secure, military 
Selective Availability/Anti-Spoofing Module (SAASM)-based GPS in the 
most reliable and proven handheld form available today. It is a 
military-grade, dual-frequency receiver, and has the security hardware 
necessary to decode encrypted P(Y)-code GPS signals. Features include: 
graphical screen, with the ability to overlay map images, 12-channel 
continuous satellite tracking for ``all-in-view'' operation, 
simultaneous L1/L2 dual frequency GPS signal reception, extended 
performance in a diverse jamming environment, and SAASM compatibility.
    ii. Improved Point Detection System-Lifecycle Replacement (IPDS-LR) 
is a ship-based Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) detector designed for 
chemical detection of chemical warfare agent vapors onboard navy ships. 
The detector units have special interference rejection built into the 
detection algorithm and meets specifications for false alarm thresholds 
with sensitivity requirements. The sampling system includes specially 
designed sampling lines, filters, and bulkhead adapters to operate in 
marine environments.
    jj. Enhanced Maritime Biological Detection (EMBD) is an automated 
biological point detection and identification system that provides near 
real time biological detection, warning, and presumptive identification 
against Biological Warfare Agents (BWAs). EMBD will provide an early 
indication that a BWA attack has occurred and provide identification 
information allowing ship commanding officers to select from an array 
of countermeasures that can prevent or limit exposure to the ship and 
other ships in the naval task force.
    kk. Link 16 is an advanced command, control, communications, and 
intelligence (C3I) system incorporating high capacity, jam-resistant, 
digital communication links for exchange of near real-time tactical 
information, including both data and voice, among air, ground, and sea 
elements. It provides the warfighter key theater functions such as 
surveillance, identification, air control, weapons engagement 
coordination, and direction for all services and allied forces. With 
modernized cryptography, Link 16 will ensure interoperability into the 
future.
    2. The highest overall level of classification of defense articles, 
components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.
    3. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge 
of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could 
be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce weapon system 
effectiveness, or be used in the development of a system with similar 
or advanced capabilities.
    4. A determination has been made that Greece can provide 
substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive 
technology being released as the U.S. Government. This sale is 
necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national 
security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.
    5. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal 
have been authorized for release and export to the Government of 
Greece.
[FR Doc. 2023-08580 Filed 4-21-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 5001-06-P