General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds, 75977-76023 [2022-26733]
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
on the incidence and level of share
repurchases,11 which are a part of the
market baseline for the proposed
amendments. We believe that the
information presented in the Staff
Memorandum has the potential to be
informative for evaluating the proposed
amendments in light of this recently
enacted legislation. We are, therefore,
reopening the comment period for an
additional 30 days to permit interested
parties to comment on the Staff
Memorandum, which has been included
in the comment file. In addition to the
requests for comment included in the
Proposing Release, the Commission
specifically seeks comments on the
following:
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Requests for Comment
1. Would the Act’s new excise tax
affect the proposed amendments’
potential economic effects? 12 If so, what
would the specific impact (or impacts)
of the new excise tax be? How would
the new excise tax interact with the
effects of the direct and indirect costs of
the proposed amendments on issuers
and investors?
2. The Staff Memorandum estimates
that,13 based on year 2020 (2021) data,
of the approximately 3,300 (3,600)
issuers engaged in repurchases and
subject to the proposed amendments,
approximately 2,000 (2,300) issuers
would be affected by the excise tax. Do
you agree with these estimates? If you
do not agree with these estimates, please
explain why. Please also provide
alternative estimates and explain why
you believe those alternatives would be
more accurate.
3. Do you agree with the qualitative
analysis in the Staff Memorandum of
the likely directional effects of the new
excise tax on share repurchases? 14 Is
there other, additional research the staff
should consider? If so, please discuss
this research and why you believe it is
relevant to the analysis.
4. What is the likelihood, if any, given
the Act’s new excise tax that issuers will
replace share repurchases with
dividends, including special
dividends? 15 Is it administratively more
costly to distribute a dividend, or
special dividend, as a means to return
11 Memorandum of the Staff of the Division of
Economic and Risk Analysis, Supplemental
Analysis of the Potential Implications of the
Recently Enacted Excise Tax on Share Repurchases
for the Economic Effects of Share Repurchase
Disclosure Modernization Amendments (Dec. 7,
2022) (‘‘Staff Memorandum’’), available at https://
www.sec.gov/comments/s7-21-21/s72121.htm.
12 See Staff Memorandum, supra note 11, Section
II.
13 See id., supra note 11, Section II.A.
14 See id., supra note 11, Section II.C.
15 See id., supra note 11.
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cash to shareholders as compared to
repurchases? If so, please discuss how
the costs differ.
5. The Staff Memorandum states that
issuers subject to the proposed
amendments, but that are exempted
from the new excise tax, would not be
directly affected by the new excise tax
(but they may incur indirect effects). 16
Are there any additional impacts that
the staff should consider? Would these
issuers incur any indirect effects? For
example, the Staff Memorandum
includes as possible indirect effects
competitive spillovers of a decrease in
repurchases among issuers subject to the
excise tax, or changes in investor
sentiment regarding repurchases in
response to the decline in share
repurchases among a considerable
number of issuers. Would competitive
spillovers or changes in investor
sentiment affect share repurchase
activity by issuers subject to the
proposed amendments, but that are
exempted from the new tax? If so, what
would these impacts be? What other
indirect effects would occur?
6. The Staff Memorandum states that
the excise tax is not expected to change
the direction of the expected economic
effects of the proposed amendments
with respect to any particular share
repurchase that takes place, but that it
may affect the total number of share
repurchases that occur, and thus may
affect the aggregate impact of the
proposed amendments.17 Do you agree?
Please provide the reasoning for your
response.
7. The Staff Memorandum states that
the categories of costs and benefits
described in the Proposing Release
would likely remain the same, but the
magnitude may change as a result of the
excise tax.18 Do you agree with this
assessment? If not, what other costs or
benefits should be considered in
assessing the potential economic effects
of the proposed amendments?
8. Do you agree with the conclusion
in the Staff Memorandum that the
general efficiency, competition, and
capital formation considerations
discussed in the Proposing Release are
expected to continue to apply except for
the potential competitive effects
discussed in the Staff Memorandum? 19
We request and encourage any
interested person to submit comments
regarding the proposed amendments,
specific issues discussed in this release,
the Staff Memorandum, or the
Proposing Release, and other matters
16 See
id., supra note 11.
id., supra note 11, Section III.A.
18 See id., supra note 11, Section III.B.
19 See id., supra note 11, Section III.D.
17 See
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that may have an effect on the proposed
amendments. Commenters are urged to
be as specific as possible; when
commenting, it would be most helpful
if you include the reasoning behind
your position or recommendation. All
comments received to date on the
proposed amendments will be
considered and need not be
resubmitted.
By the Commission.
Dated: December 7, 2022.
J. Mathew DeLesDernier,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2022–26898 Filed 12–9–22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Parts 10, 17, and 21
[Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2022–0036;
FXMB12320900000//223//FF09M30000]
RIN 1018–BG04
General Provisions; Revised List of
Migratory Birds
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
We, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service), propose to
revise the List of Birds protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) by
both adding and removing species.
Reasons for the changes to the list
include adding species based on new
taxonomy and new evidence of natural
occurrence in the United States or U.S.
territories, removing species no longer
known to occur within the United States
or U.S. territories, and changing names
to conform to accepted use. The net
increase of 13 species (16 added and
three removed) would bring the total
number of species protected by the
MBTA to 1,106. We also propose to
revise the scientific name of a species
subject to specific migratory-bird-permit
regulations and to revise corresponding
entries for several migratory bird species
that are also listed on the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
under the Endangered Species Act to
reflect currently accepted taxonomy and
nomenclature.
We regulate the taking, possession,
transportation, sale, purchase, barter,
exportation, and importation of
migratory birds. An accurate and up-todate list of species protected by the
MBTA is essential for public
notification, regulatory, and law-
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
enforcement purposes. These revisions
would also ensure consistency in the
use of common and scientific names
across Service regulations.
We will accept comments
received or postmarked on or before
February 10, 2023. Comments submitted
electronically using the Federal
eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES,
below) must be received by 11:59 p.m.
Eastern Time on the closing date.
DATES:
You may submit comments
by one of the following methods: (1)
Electronically: Go to the Federal
eRulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. In the Search box,
enter FWS–HQ–MB–2022–0036, which
is the docket number for this
rulemaking. Then, click on the Search
button. On the resulting page, in the
Search panel on the left side of the
screen, under the Document Type
heading, click on the Proposed Rule box
to locate this document. You may
submit a comment by clicking on
‘‘Comment.’’
(2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail
or hand-delivery to: Public Comments
Processing, Attn: FWS–HQ–MB–2022–
0036, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
MS: PRB/3W, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls
Church, VA 22041–3803.
We request that you send comments
only by the methods described above.
We will post all comments on https://
www.regulations.gov. This generally
means that we will post any personal
information you provide us (see IV.
Public Comments, below, for more
information).
ADDRESSES:
Eric
L. Kershner, Chief, Division of Bird
Conservation, Permits, and Regulations;
Migratory Bird Program; U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service; MS: MB; 5275
Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041–
3803; (703) 358–2376; or Lisa Ellis,
Chief, Branch of Recovery and
Conservation; Ecological Services; U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: ES; 5275
Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041–
3803; (703) 358–2307. Individuals in the
United States who are deaf, deafblind,
hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or
TeleBraille) to access
telecommunications relay services.
Individuals outside the United States
should use the relay services offered
within their country to make
international calls to the point-ofcontact in the United States.
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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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I. List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13)
Statutory Authority of the Service for
Maintaining and Revising the List of
Birds Protected by the MBTA
We have statutory authority and
responsibility for implementing and
enforcing the MBTA (16 U.S.C. 703–
712), the Fish and Wildlife
Improvement Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95–
616; 16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and
Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a–
742j, not including 742d–1). The MBTA
implements Conventions between the
United States and four neighboring
countries for the protection of migratory
birds, as follows:
(1) Canada: Convention between the
United States and Great Britain [on
behalf of Canada] for the Protection of
Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39
Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended by
Protocol between the Government of the
United States and the Government of
Canada Amending the 1916 Convention
between the United Kingdom and the
United States of America for the
Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen.
Treaty Doc. 104–28 (December 14,
1995);
(2) Mexico: Convention between the
United States and Mexico for the
Protection of Migratory Birds and Game
Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat.
1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended March
10, 1972 (23 U.S.T. 260; T.I.A.S. 7302)
and by Protocol with Mexico amending
Convention for Protection of Migratory
Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty
Doc. 105–26 (May 5, 1997);
(3) Japan: Convention between the
Government of the United States of
America and the Government of Japan
for the Protection of Migratory Birds and
Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their
Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T.
3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and
(4) Russia: Convention between the
United States of America and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning
the Conservation of Migratory Birds and
Their Environment (Russia), November
19, 1976, 29 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No.
9073).
What is the purpose of this rulemaking?
Our purpose is to inform the public of
updates to the list of species protected
by the MBTA and its implementing
regulations. These regulations are found
in title 50 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) at parts 10, 20, 21,
and 92. We regulate the taking,
possession, transportation, sale,
purchase, barter, exportation, and
importation of birds protected by the
MBTA. An accurate and up-to-date list
of species protected by the MBTA is
essential for notifying the public and
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other federal, state, and tribal agencies
of which species are subject to
regulatory protections.
Why is this amendment of the List of
Birds protected by the MBTA necessary?
The amendments we are proposing
are needed to:
(1) Add 11 species based on new
distributional records documenting
their natural occurrence in the United
States or U.S. territories since 2019;
(2) Add five species newly recognized
as a result of recent taxonomic changes;
(3) Remove three species not known
to occur within the boundaries of the
United States or U.S. territories as a
result of recent taxonomic changes;
(4) Change the common (English)
names of eight species to conform to
accepted use; and
(5) Change the scientific names of 22
species to conform to accepted use.
The List of Birds Protected by the
MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) was last revised
on April 16, 2020 (85 FR 21282). The
amendments proposed in this rule were
necessitated by two published
supplements and one published
addendum to a supplement to the 7th
(1998) edition of the American
Ornithologists’ Union (AOU, now
recognized as the American
Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist
of North American Birds (AOS 2020a,
2020b, 2021 and 2022) and the 2019 and
2021 publications of the Clements
Checklist of Birds of the World
(Clements et al. 2019, 2021).
What scientific authorities are used to
amend the List of Birds protected by the
MBTA?
Although bird names (common and
scientific) are relatively stable, staying
current with standardized use is
necessary to avoid confusion in
communications. In making our
determinations, we primarily relied on
the AOS’s Checklist of North American
birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually
(AOS 2020a, 2020b, 2021, and 2022), on
matters of taxonomy, nomenclature, and
the sequence of species and other higher
taxonomic categories (Orders, Families,
Subfamilies) for species that occur in
North America. The AOU (now AOS)
Checklist of North American Birds
(Checklist), developed by the AOU
Committee on Classification and
Nomenclature, has been the recognized
taxonomic authority for North American
birds since publication of the first
edition of the Checklist in 1886. The
committee compiles the taxonomic
foundation for ornithology in North
America; they evaluate and publish the
latest scientific developments in the
systematics, classification,
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nomenclature, and distribution of North
American birds. Thus, the AOS’s
Checklist represents the best scientific
information available for developing the
North American component of this List
of Birds Protected by the MBTA. In
keeping with the increasing numbers of
study areas on which taxonomy relies,
the committee incorporates expertise in
phylogenetics, genomics, vocalizations,
morphology, behavior, and geographical
distribution, as well as general
ornithological knowledge. The AOS
Checklist contains all bird species that
have occurred in North America from
the Arctic through Panama, including
the West Indies and the Hawaiian
Islands, and includes distributional
information for each species, which
specifies whether the species is known
to occur in the United States. The
committee also keeps and updates a list
of species known to occur in the United
States.
For the species that occur in the U.S.
territories outside the geographic area
covered by the AOS Checklist, we relied
primarily on the Clements Checklist of
Birds of the World (Clements Checklist)
(Clements et al. 2007), the Clements
Checklist 2019 and 2021 installment of
updates and corrections (Clements et al.
2019, 2021), and other peer-reviewed
literature where appropriate. The
Clements Checklist is a list of all known
bird species in the world and is
maintained and updated annually by
the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
(CLO). The CLO relies on different
regional ornithological authorities to
compile the Clements Checklist, using
the AOS for the western hemisphere.
Taxonomy and nomenclature are the
primary focus of the Clements Checklist,
but range descriptions are maintained
and updated based on the best available
information and do not include records
of vagrancy. Although we primarily rely
on the above sources, when informed
taxonomic opinion is inconsistent or
controversial, we evaluate available
published and unpublished information
and come to our own conclusion
regarding the validity of taxa and
whether to include taxonomic changes.
We also evaluate available
documentation for new species
documented to occur naturally in the
United States or U.S. territories and
come to our own conclusion regarding
addition to the List of Birds Protected by
the MBTA.
For this update, we reviewed 13
species that were added to the AOS
Checklist based on new natural
distribution in the United States or U.S.
territories (AOS 2020a, 2021, and 2022).
Based on the available evidence and
criteria to identify individual species
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that qualify for protection by the MBTA
(see below), we propose to add 11 of the
13 species. We elected not to add two
of the 13 species, Red-backed Shrike,
Lanius collurio, and Graylag Goose,
Anser anser. When we reviewed the
evidence for the record of Red-backed
Shrike that was accepted by AOS, along
with an analysis from an AOS
committee member, we learned the
shrike in question was a juvenile. It is
unknown how reliably juveniles of Redbacked Shrike can be distinguished
from juvenile Red-tailed Shrikes, Lanius
phoenicuroides, and the two species are
known to commonly hybridize as well.
While there are descriptions available in
the literature of adult hybrids of these
two shrike species, this is not the case
for juvenile hybrids. Therefore, due to
the challenges in identification, we
decided not to include this record at
this time. Regarding the Graylag Goose,
we considered the regulatory
implications of adding it to the list
because the species intermixes with
other goose species that may be hunted
under the Service’s and State hunting
regulations. We decided not to add the
species at this time while we consider
those regulatory implications, similar to
how we treated the split of Cackling
Goose, Branta hutchinsii, from Canada
Goose, Branta canadensis, in 2013 (78
FR 65844), later adding the species to
the 10.13 list in 2020 (85 FR 21282). We
may reconsider adding this species in a
subsequent update to the list once the
frequency of the species occurring in the
U.S. is better understood and what the
implications to hunting regulations in
50 CFR part 20 would be. We reserve
the right to revisit these decisions if
additional information becomes
available.
As is customary with species subject
to our hunting regulations at 50 CFR
part 20, we consulted with the Pacific,
Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic
Flyway Councils in our review of the
taxonomic split of Mexican Duck from
Mallard. We also reviewed published
scientific literature regarding the
Mallard split (Bellrose 1976; Hubbard
1977; Brown 1985; Lavretsky et al. 2015,
2019; Chesser et al. 2020). Ultimately,
we concluded to propose adding
Mexican Duck to the list.
What criteria are used to identify
individual species protected by the
MBTA?
A species qualifies for protection
under the MBTA by meeting one or
more of the following criteria:
(1) It occurs in the United States or
U.S. territories as the result of natural
biological or ecological processes and is
currently, or was previously listed as, a
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species or part of a family protected by
one of the four international treaties or
their amendments. A naturally
occurring species is protected by the
MBTA as a member of a protected
family even if the species is ecologically
nonmigratory, meaning it does not
exhibit seasonal movements (also
known as a resident species). For
example, the Bushtit (Psaltriparus
minimus) is a resident, non-migratory
species and is included in 50 CFR 10.13
because it occurs in a family
(Aegithalidae) that is protected by the
bilateral treaty with Canada. Any
species that occurs in the United States
or U.S. territories solely as a result of
intentional or unintentional humanassisted introduction does not qualify
for the MBTA list, regardless of whether
the family the species belongs to is
listed in any of the treaties, unless:
• It was either native to the United
States or its territories and extant in
1918; or
• It was extirpated after 1918
throughout its range in the United States
and its territories, and, after such
extirpation, it was reintroduced in the
United States or its territories as part of
a program carried out by a federal
agency.
(2) Revised taxonomy results in it
being newly split from a species that
was previously on the list, and the new
species occurs in the United States or
U.S. territories as the result of natural
biological or ecological processes. If a
newly recognized native species is
considered extinct (following the
classification of the American
Ornithological Society (AOS) or, for
species not covered by the AOS, the
Clements Checklist or peer-reviewed
literature), that species will still be
included if either of the following
criteria apply:
• The species resembles extant
species included in the list that may be
affected by trade or other commercial
activities if the species is not included;
or
• Not including the species may
create difficulties implementing the
MBTA and its underlying Conventions.
(3) New evidence exists for its natural
occurrence in the United States or U.S.
territories resulting from new or natural
distributional changes and the species
belongs to a protected family. Records
must be documented, accepted, and
published by the AOS committee. For
the U.S. Pacific territories that fall
outside the geographic scope of the AOS
and for which there is no identified
ornithological authority, new evidence
of a species’ natural occurrence will be
based on the Clements Checklist and
then published peer-reviewed literature,
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in that order. Records and the evidence
supporting their acceptance by the AOS,
Clements Checklist, or peer-reviewed
literature are reviewed independently
by the Service before we proposed
adding the species to the list.
In accordance with the Migratory Bird
Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA)
(Pub. L. 108–447, December 8, 2004, 118
Stat. 2809, 3071–72), we only include
migratory bird species that are native to
the United States or U.S. territories. A
native migratory bird species is one that
is present as a result of natural
biological or ecological processes. The
list at 50 CFR 10.13 does not include
nonnative species that occur in the
United States or U.S. territories solely as
a result of intentional or unintentional
human-assisted introduction(s). An
amended list of the nonnative bird
species that have been introduced by
humans into the United States or U.S.
territories and to which the MBTA does
not apply was published in the Federal
Register on April 16, 2020 (85 FR
21262), with a correction published on
May 3, 2021 (86 FR 23422).
What species are not protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act?
The MBTA does not apply to:
(1) Nonnative species introduced into
the United States or U.S. territories by
means of intentional or unintentional
human assistance that belong to families
or groups covered by the Canadian,
Mexican, or Russian Conventions. Note,
though, that native species that are
introduced into parts of the United
States where they are not native are still
protected under the MBTA regardless of
where they occur in the United States or
U.S. territories.
(2) Species native or nonnative to the
United States or U.S. territories that
either belong to families or groups not
referred to in the Canada, Mexico, and
Russia Conventions or are not included
by species name in the Japan
Convention. This includes the
Tinamidae (tinamous), Megapodiidae
(megapodes), Cracidae (chachalacas),
Odontophoridae (New World quail),
Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and
turkeys), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse),
Heliornithidae (finfoots), Burhinidae
(thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles),
Todidae (todies), Psittacidae (parrots),
Psittaculidae (Old World parrots),
Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Dicruridae
(drongos), Monarchidae (monarchs),
Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Scotocercidae
(bush warblers and allies), Zosteropidae
(white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings,
except as listed in Japanese treaty),
Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae
(estrildid finches), and Passeridae (Old
World sparrows, including house or
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English sparrow), as well as numerous
other families not represented in the
United States or U.S. territories.
How would the proposed changes affect
the List of Birds protected by the MBTA?
The proposed amendments (16
additions, three removals, and 30 name
changes) would affect a total of 47
species and would result in a net
addition of 13 species to the List of
Migratory Birds Protected by the MBTA,
increasing the number of species on the
list from 1,093 to 1,106. Five of the 16
species that we would add to the list are
new species that have been recognized
as a result of a taxonomic split and
occur in the U.S. or U.S. territories and
were previously covered under the
MBTA as members of listed species
(conspecific). These proposed
amendments can be logically arranged
in the following five categories:
(1) Add 11 species based on review
and acceptance by the AOS (since
2019), or by other appropriate
ornithological authorities, and the
Service of new distributional records
documenting their occurrence in the
United States or U.S. territories. These
species belong to families covered by at
least one of the four international
conventions, and all are considered to
be of accidental or casual occurrence.
For each species, we list the State or
U.S. territory in which it has been
recorded plus the relevant publication:
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo, Clamator
coromandus—Guam (Kastner et al,
2018);
Dark-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus
melacoryphus—Texas and Florida (AOS
2020a);
Hooded Crane, Grus monacha—
Alaska (AOS 2022);
Northern Giant-Petrel, Macronectes
halli—Washington (AOS 2022);
Long-legged Buzzard, Buteo rufinus—
Alaska (AOS 2020a);
Pallas’s Gull, Ichthyaetus
ichthyaetus—Alaska (AOS 2021);
Inca Tern, Larosterna inca—Hawaii
(AOS 2022);
Small-billed Elaenia, Elaenia
parvirostris—Illinois (AOS 2022);
Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler,
Helopsaltes certhiola—Alaska (AOS
2021);
Blue-and-white Swallow,
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca—Texas (AOS
2022); and
Naumann’s Thrush, Turdus
naumanni—Alaska (AOS 2022).
(2) Add five species because of recent
taxonomic changes in which taxa
formerly treated as conspecific have
been determined to be distinct species
(i.e., a taxonomic split). Given that each
of these species was formerly treated as
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conspecific with a listed species, these
additions would not change the
protective status of any of these taxa,
only the names by which they are
known. In each case, we reference the
AOS or relevant publication supporting
the change:
Mexican Duck, Anas diazi—formerly
considered conspecific with Mallard,
Anas platyrhynchos (AOS 2020a);
Short-billed Gull, Larus
brachyrhynchus—formerly named Mew
Gull and considered
conspecific with Larus canus, which
now has the English name of Common
Gull and
remains on the list based on prior
occurrences of the Common Gull taxon
in the United
States (AOS 2021);
Puerto Rican Mango, Anthracothorax
aurulentus—formerly considered
conspecific with
Antillean Mango, Anthracothorax
dominicus (AOS 2022);
Asian Stonechat, Saxicola maurus—
formerly considered conspecific with
Stonechat, Saxicola
torquatus (AOS 2022); and
Chihuahuan Meadowlark, Sturnella
lilianae—formerly considered
conspecific with Eastern
Meadowlark, Sturnella manga (AOS
2022).
(3) Remove three species based on
revised taxonomic treatments, either
because a species is taxonomically
merged with another species, either on
or off the list; a species previously on
the list is taxonomically split into
multiple species and the new species is
not known to occur within the United
States or U.S. territories; or the species
is considered extinct (following the
classification of the AOS or, for species
not covered by the AOS, the Clements
Checklist or peer-reviewed literature)
unless any of the following criteria
apply: It is protected under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.),
or the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES; 27 U.S.T.
1087); it resembles extant species
included in the list that may be affected
by its removal; or its removal would
create difficulties implementing the
MBTA and its underlying Conventions.
In each case, we reference the
publication supporting these changes:
Northwestern Crow, Corvus caurinus,
is lumped with American Crow, Corvus
brachyrhynchos (AOS 2020a);
Antillean Mango, Anthracothorax
dominicus (AOS 2022); and
Stonechat, Saxicola torquatus (AOS
2022).
(4) Revise the common (English)
names of eight species to conform to the
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most recent nomenclatural treatment as
described in AOS publications 2020a,
2020b, and 2021 and Clements et al.
2011, 2019, and 2021. These revisions
do not change the protective status of
any of these taxa, only the names by
which they are known. In each case, the
update is described in the table, below.
(5) Revise the scientific names of 22
species to conform to the most recent
nomenclatural treatment as described in
AOS publications 2020a and 2021 and
75981
Clements et al. 2016, 2021. These
revisions do not change the protective
status of any of these taxa, only the
names by which they are known. In
each case, the update is described in the
table, below.
TABLE OF PROPOSED NAME CHANGES, AS DESCRIBED IN CATEGORIES 4 AND 5, ABOVE
[The table is organized following AOS (2021) taxonomic order. The relevant AOS or Clements publication is provided.]
Publication source
and year
Previous common name
Current common name
Clements et al. 2019 ......
Clements et al. 2019 ......
Clements et al. 2011 ......
AOS 2021 .......................
Clements et al. 2021 ......
AOS 2020b .....................
Shy Ground-Dove, Alopecoenas stairi ..............................
White-throated Ground-Dove, Alopecoenas xanthonurus
Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus ............................
Mew Gull, Larus canus ......................................................
Rufous Night-Heron, Nycticorax caledonicus ....................
McCown’s Longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii ..............
Shy Ground Dove, Alopecoenas stairi.
White-throated Ground Dove, Alopecoenas xanthonurus.
Eurasian Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus.
Common Gull, Larus canus.
Nankeen Night-Heron, Nycticorax caledonicus.
Thick-billed Longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii.
Publication source
and year
Previous scientific name
Current scientific name
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2022 .......................
AOS 2020a .....................
Clements et al. 2021 ......
Clements et al. 2016 ......
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2022 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2021 .......................
AOS 2021 .......................
Bumblebee Hummingbird, Atthis heloisa ...........................
Puerto Rican Emerald, Chlorostilbon maugaeus ..............
White-eared Hummingbird, Hylocharis leucotis .................
Xantus’s Hummingbird, Hylocharis xantusii ......................
Violet-crowned Hummingbird, Amazilia violiceps ..............
Berylline Hummingbird, Amazilia beryllina ........................
Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma matsudairae ...
Little Pied Cormorant, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos ........
Brandt’s Cormorant, Phalacrocorax penicillatus ................
Red-faced Cormorant, Phalacrocorax urile .......................
Pelagic Cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus ....................
Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus ...........
Neotropic Cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus ..............
Mottled Owl, Ciccaba virgata .............................................
Crested Caracara, Caracara cheriway ..............................
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula ........................
Sedge Wren, Cistothorus platensis ...................................
Dusky Thrush, Turdus naumanni ......................................
Antillean Euphonia, Euphonia musica ...............................
Five-striped Sparrow, Amphispiza quinquestriata .............
Publication source
and year
Previous common and scientific name
AOS 2020a .....................
AOS 2020a, AOS 2021 ..
Puerto Rican Screech-Owl, Megascops nudipes ..............
Middendorff’s Grasshopper-Warbler, Locustella
ochotensis.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
How is the List of Birds protected by the
MBTA organized?
The species are listed in two formats
to suit the needs of different segments
of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR
10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR
10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing,
species are listed by common (English)
group names, with the scientific name
of each species following the English
group name. This format is most useful
to members of the lay public. In the
taxonomic listing, species are listed in
phylogenetic sequence by scientific
name, with the English name following
the scientific name. To help clarify
species relationships, we also list the
higher-level taxonomic categories of
Order, Family, and Subfamily. This
format follows the sequence adopted by
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Bumblebee Hummingbird, Selasphorus heloisa.
Puerto Rican Emerald, Riccordia maugaeus.
White-eared Hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis.
Xantus’s Hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii.
Violet-crowned Hummingbird, Ramosomyia violiceps.
Berylline Hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina.
Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel, Hydrobates matsudairae.
Little Pied Cormorant, Microcarbo melanoleucos.
Brandt’s Cormorant, Urile penicillatus.
Red-faced Cormorant, Urile urile.
Pelagic Cormorant, Urile pelagicus.
Double-crested Cormorant, Nannopterum auritum.
Neotropic Cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum.
Mottled Owl, Strix virgata.
Crested Caracara, Caracara plancus.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Corthylio calendula.
Sedge Wren, Cistothorus stellaris.
Dusky Thrush, Turdus eunomus.
Antillean Euphonia, Chlorophonia musica.
Five-striped Sparrow, Amphispizopsis quinquestriata.
Current common and scientific name
Puerto Rican Owl, Gymnasio nudipes.
Middendorff’s Grasshopper Warbler, Helopsaltes
ochotensis.
the AOS (1998, 2021) and is most useful
to ornithologists and other scientists.
In this proposed rule, we present a
new proposed table format for the
alphabetical and taxonomic listings at
50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and (c)(2),
respectively. We propose this change in
presentation of these listings to conform
to Office of the Federal Register
formatting standards and to make
information on the lists clearer and
easier to locate. For clarity, we also
propose a new section heading for 50
CFR 10.13; rather than the current ‘‘List
of Migratory Birds,’’ we propose to title
this section of the regulations, ‘‘List of
Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird
Treaty Act.’’
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II. Special Double-Crested Cormorant
Permit (50 CFR 21.123)
Because we propose to adopt the
revised scientific name for the Doublecrested Cormorant on the List of Birds
Protected by the MBTA at 50 CFR 10.13,
as described above, we also propose to
reflect the revised scientific name for
that species (Nannopterum auritum) in
our special permit regulations related to
that species at 50 CFR 21.123. This is
purely an administrative action that
does not amend the purpose of,
eligibility for, application procedures
for, conditions of, informationcollection requirements associated with,
or any other regulatory provisions
associated with that permit.
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III. List of Endangered and Threatened
Wildlife (50 CFR 17.11(h))
We also propose to revise the
corresponding entries on the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of
several migratory bird species that are
also listed as endangered or threatened
species under the ESA to reflect the
currently accepted taxonomy and
nomenclature. These revisions would
ensure consistency in the use of
common and scientific names across
Service regulations. Some ESA-listed
migratory bird species’ names are not
included in this proposed rule because
they are being corrected in other
documents that have published, or will
publish, in the Federal Register
concurrently with this rulemaking.
Background
The List of Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife and the List of
Endangered and Threatened Plants (‘‘the
ESA Lists’’), set forth in title 50 of the
CFR at §§ 17.11 and 17.12, respectively,
contain the names of endangered
species and threatened species federally
listed pursuant to the ESA.
The regulations at 50 CFR 17.11(c)
and 17.12(b) direct us to use the most
recently accepted scientific name of any
wildlife or plant species, respectively,
that we have determined to be an
endangered or threatened species.
None of the taxonomic changes to
migratory bird species listed as
endangered or threatened species under
the ESA are regulatory in nature; they
are for accuracy and clarity. These
revisions would not alter species’
protections or status in any way. Any
actions altering a species’ protection or
status would require a separate
rulemaking action following the
procedures of 50 CFR part 424.
Purpose
Taxonomic Changes to the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
We propose to revise the ESA List at
50 CFR 17.11(h) to reflect the
scientifically accepted taxonomy and
nomenclature of nine bird species under
section 4 of the ESA. These revisions
reflect the most recently accepted
scientific nomenclature in accordance
with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
The table below lists the taxonomic
changes we propose here to reflect the
revised taxonomy and nomenclature for
nine bird species listed under section 4
of the ESA. These changes reflect the
most recently accepted scientific
nomenclature in accordance with 50
CFR 17.11(c).
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
TABLE OF PROPOSED TAXONOMIC REVISIONS TO THE ESA LIST AT § 17.11(h) REFLECTING THE CURRENT SCIENTIFICALLY
ACCEPTED TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE FOR THESE SPECIES
Species name as currently listed
Corrected species name
Caracara, crested, (Audubon’s) [FL DPS] (Polyborus plancus
audubonii).
Crane, Mississippi sandhill (Grus canadensis pulla) ...............................
Nightjar, Puerto Rican (Caprimulgus noctitherus) ....................................
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (Columba inornata wetmorei) .......................
Rail, California clapper (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) ............................
Rail, light-footed clapper (Rallus longirostris levipes) ..............................
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) ........
Tern, California least (Sterna antillarum browni) .....................................
Towhee, Inyo California (Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) ............................
Caracara, crested, (Audubon’s) [FL DPS] (Caracara plancus
audubonii).
Crane, Mississippi sandhill (Antigone canadensis pulla).
Nightjar, Puerto Rican (Antrostomus noctitherus).
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (Patagioenas inornata wetmorei).
Rail, California Ridgway’s (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus).
Rail, light-footed Ridgway’s (Rallus obsoletus levipes).
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis).
Tern, California least (Sternula antillarum browni).
Towhee, Inyo California (Melozone crissalis eremophilus).
Using the best available scientific
information, this proposed rule would
document taxonomic changes of the
scientific names for nine birds in their
entries on the ESA List. To the extent
practicable, the Service relies on the
Integrated Taxonomic Information
System (ITIS) to determine a species’
scientific name for inclusion on the List.
ITIS incorporates the naming principles
established by the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature, produced by
the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature, an
organization that provides and regulates
a uniform system of zoological
nomenclature. While ITIS is a reliable
database source of taxonomic
information, in some of these instances,
ITIS is incomplete and does not yet
reflect the most recently accepted
scientific names for some species. As
noted above, the scientific names for the
nine listed bird species are supported by
AOS’s Checklist of North American
birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually
(AOU 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016,
AOS 2018, 2020a, 2020b, and 2021).
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The AOU (now AOS) Checklist of North
American Birds (Checklist), developed
by the AOU Committee on Classification
and Nomenclature, has been the
recognized taxonomic authority for
North American birds since publication
of the first edition of the Checklist in
1886. The Service finds that the
scientific and common names should be
recognized as presented in the table
above. Accordingly, we propose to
revise the scientific names of these
species under section 4 of the ESA and
in accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
Of the nine species that are the
subjects of the taxonomic revisions to
the ESA List in this proposed rule, three
have designated critical habitat. For
clarity and consistency, we propose to
revise the headings of the critical habitat
designations at 50 CFR 17.95(b) to
reflect the corrected scientific names for
the following species: Mississippi
sandhill crane, Cape Sable seaside
sparrow, and Inyo California towhee.
These changes do not affect the range
or endangered or threatened status for
any of these nine listed migratory bird
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species, or any designated critical
habitat.
IV. Public Comments
Any final action resulting from this
proposed rule must be based on the best
scientific and commercial data available
and be as accurate and as effective as
possible. We request comments or
information from other concerned
governmental agencies, the scientific
community, industry, or any other
interested parties concerning this
proposed rule.
Please include sufficient information
with your submission (such as
electronic copies of scientific journal
articles or other publications, preferably
in English) to allow us to verify any
scientific or commercial information
you include.
You may submit your comments and
materials concerning this proposed rule
by one of the methods listed in
ADDRESSES. We request that you send
comments only by the methods
described in ADDRESSES.
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If you submit information via https://
www.regulations.gov, your entire
submission—including any personal
identifying information—will be posted
on the website. If your submission is
made via a hardcopy that includes
personal identifying information, you
may request at the top of your document
that we withhold this information from
public review. However, we cannot
guarantee that we will be able to do so.
We will post all hardcopy submissions
on https://www.regulations.gov.
Comments and materials we receive,
as well as supporting documentation we
used in preparing this proposed rule,
will be available for public inspection
on https://www.regulations.gov, or by
appointment, during normal business
hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Migratory Bird Program or
Ecological Services (see FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT).
V. Required Determinations
Regulatory Planning and Review
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides
that the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office
of Management and Budget will review
all significant rules. OIRA has
determined that this proposed rule is
not significant.
E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of
E.O. 12866, while calling for
improvements in the nation’s regulatory
system to promote predictability, to
reduce uncertainty, and to use the best,
most innovative, and least burdensome
tools for achieving regulatory ends. E.O.
13563 directs agencies to consider
regulatory approaches that reduce
burdens and maintain flexibility and
freedom of choice for the public where
these approaches are relevant, feasible,
and consistent with regulatory
objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes
further that regulations must be based
on the best available science and that
the rulemaking process must allow for
public participation and an open
exchange of ideas. We have developed
this proposed rule in a manner
consistent with these requirements.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601
et seq.)
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
(5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (5 U.S.C.
804(2)), whenever an agency is required
to publish a notice of rulemaking for
any proposed or final rule, it must
prepare and make available for public
comment a regulatory flexibility
analysis that describes the effect of the
rule on small entities (i.e., small
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businesses, small organizations, and
small government jurisdictions).
However, no regulatory flexibility
analysis is required if the head of an
agency certifies the rule does not have
a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
SBREFA amended the Regulatory
Flexibility Act to require Federal
agencies to provide the statement of the
factual basis for certifying that a rule
will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small
entities. We have examined this
proposed rule’s potential effects on
small entities as required by the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have
determined that, if adopted as proposed,
this action would not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. This proposed
rule is an administrative action to
update the list of migratory bird species
protected under the Conventions and
make certain corresponding updates on
the ESA List. Consequently, we certify
that, if adopted as proposed, this rule
would not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small
entities; therefore, a regulatory
flexibility analysis is not required.
This proposed rule is not a major rule
under SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 804(2)). It
would not have a significant impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
a. This proposed rule would not have
an annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more.
b. This proposed rule would not cause
a major increase in costs or prices for
consumers; individual industries;
Federal, State, or local government
agencies; or geographic regions.
c. This proposed rule would not have
significant adverse effects on
competition, employment, investment,
productivity, innovation, or the ability
of U.S.-based enterprises to compete
with foreign-based enterprises.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
In accordance with the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et
seq.), we have determined the following:
a. This proposed rule would not
‘‘significantly or uniquely’’ affect small
governments. A small government
agency plan is not required. This
proposed rule is an administrative
action to update the list of migratory
bird species protected under the
Conventions and make certain
corresponding updates on the ESA List;
it would not affect small government
activities in any significant way.
b. This proposed rule would not
produce a federal mandate of $100
million or greater in any year; i.e., it is
not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’
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75983
under the Unfunded Mandates Reform
Act.
Takings
In accordance with Executive Order
12630, this proposed rule does not have
significant takings implications. This
proposed rule does not contain a
provision for taking of private property.
Therefore, a takings implication
assessment is not required.
Federalism
This proposed rule does not have
sufficient Federalism effects to warrant
preparation of a federalism summary
impact statement under Executive Order
13132. It does not interfere with the
States’ ability to manage themselves or
their funds. No significant economic
impacts are expected to result from the
updating of the list of migratory bird
species and certain entries on the ESA
List.
Civil Justice Reform
In accordance with Executive Order
12988, the Office of the Solicitor has
determined that this proposed rule does
not unduly burden the judicial system
and meets the requirements of sections
3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule does not contain
information collection requirements,
and a submission to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) is not required.
We may not conduct or sponsor and you
are not required to respond to a
collection of information unless it
displays a currently valid OMB control
number.
National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)
Given that the proposed revisions in
this document are strictly
administrative in nature, this action is
categorically excluded from further
NEPA requirements (43 CFR 46.210(i)—
applying to ‘‘policies, directives,
regulations, and guidelines that are of
an administrative, financial, legal,
technical, or procedural nature’’).
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Of the species on the List of Migratory
Birds, 89 species, subspecies, or distinct
population segments are also listed as
endangered or threatened under section
4 of the ESA of 1973, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). No legal
complications arise from the dual listing
as the two lists are developed under
separate authorities and for different
purposes. Because this proposed rule is
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strictly administrative in nature, it has
no effect on endangered or threatened
species or their designated critical
habitat. Thus, it does not require
consultation under section 7 of the ESA.
Government-to-Government
Relationship With Tribes
In accordance with the President’s
memorandum of April 29, 1994,
‘‘Government-to-Government Relations
with Native American tribal
Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), Executive
Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have
evaluated potential effects on federally
recognized Indian Tribes and have
determined that there are no potential
effects. The proposed revisions to
existing regulations in this rule are
purely administrative in nature and do
not interfere with or affect the Tribes’
ability to manage themselves or their
funds or to regulate migratory bird
activities on Tribal lands.
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
(Executive Order 13211)
On May 18, 2001, the President issued
Executive Order 13211 addressing
regulations that significantly affect
energy supply, distribution, or use.
Executive Order 13211 requires agencies
to prepare Statements of Energy Effects
when undertaking certain actions.
Because this proposed rule is an
administrative action to update the list
of migratory bird species protected
under the Conventions and make certain
corresponding updates on the ESA List,
it is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866, and it
does not significantly affect energy
supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore,
this action is not a significant energy
action, and no Statement of Energy
Effects is required.
Clarity of the Proposed Rule
50 CFR Part 21
We are required by Executive Orders
12866 and 12988 and by the
Presidential Memorandum of June 1,
1998, to write all rules in plain
language. This means that each rule we
publish must:
(1) Be logically organized;
(2) Use the active voice to address
readers directly;
(3) Use clear language rather than
jargon;
(4) Be divided into short sections and
sentences; and
(5) Use lists and tables wherever
possible.
If you feel that we have not met these
requirements, send us comments by one
of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To
better help us revise the rule, your
comments should be as specific as
possible. For example, you should tell
us the numbers of the sections or
paragraphs that are unclearly written,
which sections or sentences are too
long, the sections where you feel lists or
tables would be useful, etc.
Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements,
Transportation, Wildlife.
References Cited
A complete list of all references cited
is available on https://
www.regulations.gov under Docket No.
FWS–HQ–MB–2022–0036, and upon
request (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT, above).
List of Subjects
50 CFR Part 10
Exports, Fish, Imports, Law
enforcement, Plants, Transportation,
Wildlife.
50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and threatened species,
Exports, Imports, Plants, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements,
Transportation, Wildlife.
Proposed Regulation Promulgation
For the reasons discussed in the
preamble, we propose to amend title 50,
chapter I, subchapter B of the Code of
Federal Regulations, as follows:
PART 10—GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The authority citation for part 10
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a–d, 703–712,
742a–j–l, 1361–1384, 1401–1407, 1531–1543,
3371–3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202.
2. Amend § 10.13 by revising the
section heading and paragraph (c) to
read as follows:
■
§ 10.13 List of Birds Protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) What species are protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act? Species
protected as migratory birds are listed in
two formats to suit the varying needs of
the user: Alphabetically in paragraph
(c)(1) of this section and taxonomically
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
Taxonomy and nomenclature generally
follow the 7th edition of the American
Ornithologists’ Union’s (AOU, now
recognized as American Ornithological
Society (AOS)) Checklist of North
American birds (1998, as amended
through 2021). For species not treated
by the AOS Checklist, we generally
follow Clements Checklist of Birds of
the World (Clements et al. 2007, as
updated through 2021).
(1) Alphabetical listing. The table lists
species alphabetically by common
(English) group names, with the
scientific name of each species
following the common name.
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT
Common name group
Species common name
Accentor .............................................................
‘Akeke‘e ..............................................................
‘Akepa .................................................................
Siberian Accentor .............................................
‘Akeke‘e ............................................................
Hawaii ‘Akepa ..................................................
Maui ‘Akepa .....................................................
O‘ahu ‘Akepa ...................................................
Kauai ‘Akialoa ..................................................
Maui Nui ’Akialoa .............................................
O‘ahu ‘Akialoa ..................................................
‘Akiapola‘au ......................................................
‘Akikiki ..............................................................
‘Akohekohe ......................................................
Maui ‘Alauahio .................................................
O‘ahu ‘Alauahio ................................................
Black-browed Albatross ...................................
Black-footed Albatross .....................................
Chatham Albatross ..........................................
Laysan Albatross .............................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
‘Akialoa ...............................................................
‘Akiapola‘au ........................................................
‘Akikiki .................................................................
‘Akohekohe .........................................................
‘Alauahio .............................................................
Albatross .............................................................
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Species scientific name
Prunella montanella.
Loxops caeruleirostris.
Loxops coccineus.
Loxops ochraceus.
Loxops wolstenholmei.
Akialoa stejnegeri.
Akialoa lanaiensis.
Akialoa ellisiana.
Hemignathus wilsoni.
Oreomystis bairdi.
Palmeria dolei.
Paroreomyza montana.
Paroreomyza maculata.
Thalassarche melanophris.
Phoebastria nigripes.
Thalassarche eremita.
Phoebastria immutabilis.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75985
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
‘Amakihi ..............................................................
Anhinga ..............................................................
Ani ......................................................................
‘Anianiau .............................................................
‘Apapane ............................................................
Auklet ..................................................................
Avocet .................................................................
Bananaquit .........................................................
Bean-Goose .......................................................
Beardless-Tyrannulet .........................................
Becard ................................................................
Bittern .................................................................
Blackbird .............................................................
Bluebird ..............................................................
Bluetail ................................................................
Bluethroat ...........................................................
Bobolink ..............................................................
Boobook .............................................................
Booby .................................................................
Brambling ...........................................................
Brant ...................................................................
Bufflehead ..........................................................
Bullfinch ..............................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Bunting ...............................................................
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Light-mantled Albatross ...................................
Salvin’s Albatross .............................................
Short-tailed Albatross .......................................
Wandering Albatross ........................................
White-capped Albatross ...................................
Yellow-nosed Albatross ...................................
Hawaii ‘Amakihi ................................................
Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi ................................................
O‘ahu ‘Amakihi .................................................
Anhinga ............................................................
Groove-billed Ani .............................................
Smooth-billed Ani .............................................
‘Anianiau ..........................................................
‘Apapane ..........................................................
Cassin’s Auklet ................................................
Crested Auklet .................................................
Least Auklet .....................................................
Parakeet Auklet ................................................
Rhinoceros Auklet ............................................
Whiskered Auklet .............................................
American Avocet ..............................................
Bananaquit .......................................................
Taiga Bean-Goose ...........................................
Tundra Bean-Goose ........................................
Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet ........................
Gray-collared Becard .......................................
Rose-throated Becard ......................................
American Bittern ..............................................
Black Bittern .....................................................
Least Bittern .....................................................
Schrenck’s Bittern ............................................
Yellow Bittern ...................................................
Brewer’s Blackbird ...........................................
Red-winged Blackbird ......................................
Rusty Blackbird ................................................
Tawny-shouldered Blackbird ............................
Tricolored Blackbird .........................................
Yellow-headed Blackbird .................................
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird ............................
Eastern Bluebird ..............................................
Mountain Bluebird ............................................
Western Bluebird .............................................
Red-flanked Bluetail .........................................
Bluethroat .........................................................
Bobolink ...........................................................
Northern Boobook ............................................
Abbott’s Booby .................................................
Blue-footed Booby ...........................................
Brown Booby ....................................................
Masked Booby .................................................
Nazca Booby ....................................................
Red-footed Booby ............................................
Brambling .........................................................
Brant .................................................................
Bufflehead ........................................................
Eurasian Bullfinch ............................................
Puerto Rican Bullfinch .....................................
Blue Bunting .....................................................
Gray Bunting ....................................................
Indigo Bunting ..................................................
Lark Bunting .....................................................
Lazuli Bunting ..................................................
Little Bunting ....................................................
McKay’s Bunting ..............................................
Painted Bunting ................................................
Pallas’s Bunting ...............................................
Pine Bunting .....................................................
Reed Bunting ...................................................
Rustic Bunting ..................................................
Snow Bunting ...................................................
Varied Bunting .................................................
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Species scientific name
Phoebetria palpebrata.
Thalassarche salvini.
Phoebastria albatrus.
Diomedea exulans.
Thalassarche cauta.
Thalassarche chlororhynchos.
Chlorodrepanis virens.
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri.
Chlorodrepanis flava.
Anhinga anhinga.
Crotophaga sulcirostris.
Crotophaga ani.
Magumma parva.
Himatione sanguinea.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus.
Aethia cristatella.
Aethia pusilla.
Aethia psittacula.
Cerorhinca monocerata.
Aethia pygmaea.
Recurvirostra americana.
Coereba flaveola.
Anser fabalis.
Anser serrirostris.
Camptostoma imberbe.
Pachyramphus major.
Pachyramphus aglaiae.
Botaurus lentiginosus.
Ixobrychus flavicollis.
Ixobrychus exilis.
Ixobrychus eurhythmus.
Ixobrychus sinensis.
Euphagus cyanocephalus.
Agelaius phoeniceus.
Euphagus carolinus.
Agelaius humeralis.
Agelaius tricolor.
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.
Agelaius xanthomus.
Sialia sialis.
Sialia currucoides.
Sialia mexicana.
Tarsiger cyanurus.
Cyanecula svecica.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus.
Ninox japonica.
Papasula abbotti.
Sula nebouxii.
Sula leucogaster.
Sula dactylatra.
Sula granti.
Sula sula.
Fringilla montifringilla.
Branta bernicla.
Bucephala albeola.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
Melopyrrha portoricensis.
Cyanocompsa parellina.
Emberiza variabilis.
Passerina cyanea.
Calamospiza melanocorys.
Passerina amoena.
Emberiza pusilla.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus.
Passerina ciris.
Emberiza pallasi.
Emberiza leucocephalos.
Emberiza schoeniclus.
Emberiza rustica.
Plectrophenax nivalis.
Passerina versicolor.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75986
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Bushtit .................................................................
Buzzard ..............................................................
Canvasback ........................................................
Caracara .............................................................
Cardinal ..............................................................
Carib ...................................................................
Catbird ................................................................
Chaffinch ............................................................
Chat ....................................................................
Chickadee ...........................................................
Chiffchaff ............................................................
Chuck-will’s-widow ..............................................
Condor ................................................................
Coot ....................................................................
Cormorant ...........................................................
Cowbird ..............................................................
Crake ..................................................................
Crane ..................................................................
Creeper ...............................................................
Crossbill ..............................................................
Crow ...................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Cuckoo ...............................................................
Curlew ................................................................
Dickcissel ............................................................
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Yellow-breasted Bunting ..................................
Yellow-browed Bunting ....................................
Yellow-throated Bunting ...................................
Bushtit ..............................................................
Gray-faced Buzzard .........................................
Long-legged Buzzard .......................................
Canvasback .....................................................
Crested Caracara .............................................
Northern Cardinal .............................................
Green-throated Carib .......................................
Purple-throated Carib .......................................
Black Catbird ....................................................
Gray Catbird .....................................................
Common Chaffinch ..........................................
Yellow-breasted Chat .......................................
Black-capped Chickadee .................................
Boreal Chickadee .............................................
Carolina Chickadee ..........................................
Chestnut-backed Chickadee ............................
Gray-headed Chickadee ..................................
Mexican Chickadee ..........................................
Mountain Chickadee ........................................
Common Chiffchaff ..........................................
Chuck-will’s-widow ...........................................
California Condor .............................................
American Coot .................................................
Eurasian Coot ..................................................
Hawaiian Coot ..................................................
Brandt’s Cormorant ..........................................
Double-crested Cormorant ...............................
Great Cormorant ..............................................
Little Pied Cormorant .......................................
Neotropic Cormorant ........................................
Pelagic Cormorant ...........................................
Red-faced Cormorant ......................................
Bronzed Cowbird .............................................
Brown-headed Cowbird ...................................
Shiny Cowbird ..................................................
Corn Crake .......................................................
Paint-billed Crake .............................................
Spotless Crake .................................................
Yellow-breasted Crake .....................................
Common Crane ................................................
Hooded Crane ..................................................
Sandhill Crane .................................................
Whooping Crane ..............................................
Brown Creeper .................................................
Hawaii Creeper ................................................
Cassia Crossbill ...............................................
Red Crossbill ....................................................
White-winged Crossbill ....................................
American Crow ................................................
Fish Crow .........................................................
Hawaiian Crow .................................................
Mariana Crow ...................................................
Tamaulipas Crow .............................................
White-necked Crow ..........................................
Black-billed Cuckoo .........................................
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo .................................
Common Cuckoo .............................................
Dark-billed Cuckoo ...........................................
Mangrove Cuckoo ............................................
Oriental Cuckoo ...............................................
Yellow-billed Cuckoo ........................................
Bristle-thighed Curlew ......................................
Eskimo Curlew .................................................
Eurasian Curlew ...............................................
Far Eastern Curlew ..........................................
Little Curlew .....................................................
Long-billed Curlew ...........................................
Dickcissel .........................................................
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Species scientific name
Emberiza aureola.
Emberiza chrysophrys.
Emberiza elegans.
Psaltriparus minimus.
Butastur indicus.
Buteo rufinus.
Aythya valisineria.
Caracara plancus.
Cardinalis cardinalis.
Eulampis holosericeus.
Eulampis jugularis.
Melanoptila glabrirostris.
Dumetella carolinensis.
Fringilla coelebs.
Icteria virens.
Poecile atricapillus.
Poecile hudsonicus.
Poecile carolinensis.
Poecile rufescens.
Poecile cinctus.
Poecile sclateri.
Poecile gambeli.
Phylloscopus collybita.
Antrostomus carolinensis.
Gymnogyps californianus.
Fulica americana.
Fulica atra.
Fulica alai.
Urile penicillatus.
Nannopterum auritum.
Phalacrocorax carbo.
Microcarbo melanoleucos.
Nannopterum brasilianum.
Urile pelagicus.
Urile urile.
Molothrus aeneus.
Molothrus ater.
Molothrus bonariensis.
Crex crex.
Neocrex erythrops.
Porzana tabuensis.
Hapalocrex flaviventer.
Grus grus.
Grus monacha.
Antigone canadensis.
Grus americana.
Certhia americana.
Loxops mana.
Loxia sinesciuris.
Loxia curvirostra.
Loxia leucoptera.
Corvus brachyrhynchos.
Corvus ossifragus.
Corvus hawaiiensis.
Corvus kubaryi.
Corvus imparatus.
Corvus leucognaphalus.
Coccyzus erythropthalmus.
Clamator coromandus.
Cuculus canorus.
Coccyzus melacoryphus.
Coccyzus minor.
Cuculus optatus.
Coccyzus americanus.
Numenius tahitiensis.
Numenius borealis.
Numenius arquata.
Numenius madagascariensis.
Numenius minutus.
Numenius americanus.
Spiza americana.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75987
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Dipper .................................................................
Dotterel ...............................................................
Dove ...................................................................
American Dipper ..............................................
Eurasian Dotterel .............................................
Common Ground Dove ....................................
Inca Dove .........................................................
Mourning Dove .................................................
Ruddy Ground Dove ........................................
Shy Ground Dove ............................................
White-throated Ground Dove ...........................
White-tipped Dove ...........................................
White-winged Dove ..........................................
Zenaida Dove ...................................................
Dovekie ............................................................
Long-billed Dowitcher ......................................
Short-billed Dowitcher ......................................
American Black Duck .......................................
Eastern Spot-billed Duck .................................
Falcated Duck ..................................................
Harlequin Duck ................................................
Hawaiian Duck .................................................
Laysan Duck ....................................................
Long-tailed Duck ..............................................
Masked Duck ...................................................
Mexican Duck ..................................................
Mottled Duck ....................................................
Muscovy Duck ..................................................
Pacific Black Duck ...........................................
Ring-necked Duck ............................................
Ruddy Duck .....................................................
Tufted Duck ......................................................
Wood Duck ......................................................
Dunlin ...............................................................
Bald Eagle ........................................................
Golden Eagle ...................................................
White-tailed Eagle ............................................
Cattle Egret ......................................................
Chinese Egret ..................................................
Great Egret ......................................................
Intermediate Egret ...........................................
Little Egret ........................................................
Reddish Egret ..................................................
Snowy Egret .....................................................
Common Eider .................................................
King Eider ........................................................
Spectacled Eider ..............................................
Steller’s Eider ...................................................
Caribbean Elaenia ...........................................
Greenish Elaenia .............................................
Small-billed Elaenia .........................................
White-crested Elaenia ......................................
Puerto Rican Emerald ......................................
Antillean Euphonia ...........................................
Amur Falcon .....................................................
Aplomado Falcon .............................................
Peregrine Falcon ..............................................
Prairie Falcon ...................................................
Red-footed Falcon ...........................................
Fieldfare ...........................................................
Cassin’s Finch ..................................................
House Finch .....................................................
Laysan Finch ....................................................
Nihoa Finch ......................................................
Purple Finch .....................................................
American Flamingo ..........................................
Gilded Flicker ...................................................
Northern Flicker ...............................................
Acadian Flycatcher ..........................................
Alder Flycatcher ...............................................
Ash-throated Flycatcher ...................................
Asian Brown Flycatcher ...................................
Brown-crested Flycatcher ................................
Buff-breasted Flycatcher ..................................
Dovekie ...............................................................
Dowitcher ............................................................
Duck ...................................................................
Dunlin .................................................................
Eagle ..................................................................
Egret ...................................................................
Eider ...................................................................
Elaenia ................................................................
Emerald ..............................................................
Euphonia ............................................................
Falcon .................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Fieldfare ..............................................................
Finch ...................................................................
Flamingo .............................................................
Flicker .................................................................
Flycatcher ...........................................................
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Species scientific name
Cinclus mexicanus.
Charadrius morinellus.
Columbina passerina.
Columbina inca.
Zenaida macroura.
Columbina talpacoti.
Alopecoenas stairi.
Alopecoenas xanthonurus.
Leptotila verreauxi.
Zenaida asiatica.
Zenaida aurita.
Alle alle.
Limnodromus scolopaceus.
Limnodromus griseus.
Anas rubripes.
Anas zonorhyncha.
Mareca falcata.
Histrionicus histrionicus.
Anas wyvilliana.
Anas laysanensis.
Clangula hyemalis.
Nomonyx dominicus.
Anas diazi.
Anas fulvigula.
Cairina moschata.
Anas superciliosa.
Aythya collaris.
Oxyura jamaicensis.
Aythya fuligula.
Aix sponsa.
Calidris alpina.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
Aquila chrysaetos.
Haliaeetus albicilla.
Bubulcus ibis.
Egretta eulophotes.
Ardea alba.
Ardea intermedia.
Egretta garzetta.
Egretta rufescens.
Egretta thula.
Somateria mollissima.
Somateria spectabilis.
Somateria fischeri.
Polysticta stelleri.
Elaenia martinica.
Myiopagis viridicata.
Elaenia parvirostris.
Elaenia albiceps.
Riccordia maugaeus.
Chlorophonia musica.
Falco amurensis.
Falco femoralis.
Falco peregrinus.
Falco mexicanus.
Falco vespertinus.
Turdus pilaris.
Haemorhous cassinii.
Haemorhous mexicanus.
Telespiza cantans.
Telespiza ultima.
Haemorhous purpureus.
Phoenicopterus ruber.
Colaptes chrysoides.
Colaptes auratus.
Empidonax virescens.
Empidonax alnorum.
Myiarchus cinerascens.
Muscicapa dauurica.
Myiarchus tyrannulus.
Empidonax fulvifrons.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75988
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Forest-Falcon .....................................................
Frigatebird ..........................................................
Fruit-Dove ...........................................................
Fulmar ................................................................
Gadwall ...............................................................
Gallinule ..............................................................
Gannet ................................................................
Garganey ............................................................
Giant-Petrel ........................................................
Gnatcatcher ........................................................
Godwit ................................................................
Goldeneye ..........................................................
Golden-Plover .....................................................
Goldfinch ............................................................
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Goose .................................................................
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Cordilleran Flycatcher ......................................
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher ................................
Dark-sided Flycatcher ......................................
Dusky Flycatcher .............................................
Dusky-capped Flycatcher ................................
Fork-tailed Flycatcher ......................................
Gray Flycatcher ................................................
Gray-streaked Flycatcher .................................
Great Crested Flycatcher .................................
Hammond’s Flycatcher ....................................
La Sagra’s Flycatcher ......................................
Least Flycatcher ...............................................
Mugimaki Flycatcher ........................................
Narcissus Flycatcher ........................................
Nutting’s Flycatcher .........................................
Olive-sided Flycatcher .....................................
Pacific-slope Flycatcher ...................................
Pine Flycatcher ................................................
Piratic Flycatcher .............................................
Puerto Rican Flycatcher ..................................
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher ..................................
Social Flycatcher ..............................................
Spotted Flycatcher ...........................................
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher ...............................
Taiga Flycatcher ..............................................
Tufted Flycatcher .............................................
Variegated Flycatcher ......................................
Vermilion Flycatcher ........................................
Willow Flycatcher .............................................
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher .................................
Collared Forest-Falcon ....................................
Great Frigatebird ..............................................
Lesser Frigatebird ............................................
Magnificent Frigatebird ....................................
Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove ...........................
Many-colored Fruit-Dove .................................
Mariana Fruit-Dove ..........................................
Northern Fulmar ...............................................
Gadwall ............................................................
Azure Gallinule .................................................
Common Gallinule ...........................................
Purple Gallinule ................................................
Northern Gannet ..............................................
Garganey .........................................................
Northern Giant-Petrel .......................................
Black-capped Gnatcatcher ...............................
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher ..................................
Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher ....................................
California Gnatcatcher .....................................
Bar-tailed Godwit .............................................
Black-tailed Godwit ..........................................
Hudsonian Godwit ............................................
Marbled Godwit ................................................
Barrow’s Goldeneye .........................................
Common Goldeneye ........................................
American Golden-Plover ..................................
European Golden-Plover .................................
Pacific Golden-Plover ......................................
American Goldfinch ..........................................
Lawrence’s Goldfinch .......................................
Lesser Goldfinch ..............................................
Barnacle Goose ...............................................
Cackling Goose ................................................
Canada Goose .................................................
Emperor Goose ................................................
Greater White-fronted Goose ..........................
Hawaiian Goose ...............................................
Lesser White-fronted Goose ............................
Pink-footed Goose ...........................................
Ross’s Goose ...................................................
Snow Goose ....................................................
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Species scientific name
Empidonax occidentalis.
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus.
Muscicapa sibirica.
Empidonax oberholseri.
Myiarchus tuberculifer.
Tyrannus savana.
Empidonax wrightii.
Muscicapa griseisticta.
Myiarchus crinitus.
Empidonax hammondii.
Myiarchus sagrae.
Empidonax minimus.
Ficedula mugimaki.
Ficedula narcissina.
Myiarchus nuttingi.
Contopus cooperi.
Empidonax difficilis.
Empidonax affinis.
Legatus leucophaius.
Myiarchus antillarum.
Tyrannus forficatus.
Myiozetetes similis.
Muscicapa striata.
Myiodynastes luteiventris.
Ficedula albicilla.
Mitrephanes phaeocercus.
Empidonomus varius.
Pyrocephalus rubinus.
Empidonax traillii.
Empidonax flaviventris.
Micrastur semitorquatus.
Fregata minor.
Fregata ariel.
Fregata magnificens.
Ptilinopus porphyraceus.
Ptilinopus perousii.
Ptilinopus roseicapilla.
Fulmarus glacialis.
Mareca strepera.
Porphyrio flavirostris.
Gallinula galeata.
Porphyrio martinicus.
Morus bassanus.
Spatula querquedula.
Macronectes halli.
Polioptila nigriceps.
Polioptila melanura.
Polioptila caerulea.
Polioptila californica.
Limosa lapponica.
Limosa limosa.
Limosa haemastica.
Limosa fedoa.
Bucephala islandica.
Bucephala clangula.
Pluvialis dominica.
Pluvialis apricaria.
Pluvialis fulva.
Spinus tristis.
Spinus lawrencei.
Spinus psaltria.
Branta leucopsis.
Branta hutchinsii.
Branta canadensis.
Anser canagicus.
Anser albifrons.
Branta sandvicensis.
Anser erythropus.
Anser brachyrhynchus.
Anser rossii.
Anser caerulescens.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75989
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Goshawk .............................................................
Grackle ...............................................................
Northern Goshawk ...........................................
Boat-tailed Grackle ..........................................
Common Grackle .............................................
Greater Antillean Grackle ................................
Great-tailed Grackle .........................................
Black-faced Grassquit ......................................
Yellow-faced Grassquit ....................................
Clark’s Grebe ...................................................
Eared Grebe ....................................................
Horned Grebe ..................................................
Least Grebe .....................................................
Pied-billed Grebe .............................................
Red-necked Grebe ...........................................
Western Grebe .................................................
Oriental Greenfinch ..........................................
Common Greenshank ......................................
Nordmann’s Greenshank .................................
Black-headed Grosbeak ..................................
Blue Grosbeak .................................................
Crimson-collared Grosbeak .............................
Evening Grosbeak ...........................................
Pine Grosbeak .................................................
Rose-breasted Grosbeak .................................
Yellow Grosbeak ..............................................
Black Guillemot ................................................
Pigeon Guillemot ..............................................
Belcher’s Gull ...................................................
Black-headed Gull ............................................
Black-tailed Gull ...............................................
Bonaparte’s Gull ..............................................
California Gull ..................................................
Common Gull ...................................................
Franklin’s Gull ..................................................
Glaucous Gull ..................................................
Glaucous-winged Gull ......................................
Gray-hooded Gull .............................................
Great Black-backed Gull ..................................
Heermann’s Gull ..............................................
Herring Gull ......................................................
Iceland Gull ......................................................
Ivory Gull ..........................................................
Kelp Gull ..........................................................
Laughing Gull ...................................................
Lesser Black-backed Gull ................................
Little Gull ..........................................................
Pallas’s Gull .....................................................
Ring-billed Gull .................................................
Ross’s Gull .......................................................
Sabine’s Gull ....................................................
Short-billed Gull ...............................................
Slaty-backed Gull .............................................
Swallow-tailed Gull ...........................................
Western Gull ....................................................
Yellow-footed Gull ............................................
Yellow-legged Gull ...........................................
Gyrfalcon ..........................................................
Northern Harrier ...............................................
Hawfinch ..........................................................
Broad-winged Hawk .........................................
Common Black Hawk ......................................
Cooper’s Hawk .................................................
Crane Hawk .....................................................
Ferruginous Hawk ............................................
Gray Hawk .......................................................
Great Black Hawk ............................................
Harris’s Hawk ...................................................
Hawaiian Hawk ................................................
Red-shouldered Hawk .....................................
Red-tailed Hawk ...............................................
Roadside Hawk ................................................
Rough-legged Hawk ........................................
Grassquit ............................................................
Grebe ..................................................................
Greenfinch ..........................................................
Greenshank ........................................................
Grosbeak ............................................................
Guillemot ............................................................
Gull .....................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Gyrfalcon ............................................................
Harrier .................................................................
Hawfinch .............................................................
Hawk ...................................................................
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Species scientific name
Accipiter gentilis.
Quiscalus major.
Quiscalus quiscula.
Quiscalus niger.
Quiscalus mexicanus.
Melanospiza bicolor.
Tiaris olivaceus.
Aechmophorus clarkii.
Podiceps nigricollis.
Podiceps auritus.
Tachybaptus dominicus.
Podilymbus podiceps.
Podiceps grisegena.
Aechmophorus occidentalis.
Chloris sinica.
Tringa nebularia.
Tringa guttifer.
Pheucticus melanocephalus.
Passerina caerulea.
Rhodothraupis celaeno.
Coccothraustes vespertinus.
Pinicola enucleator.
Pheucticus ludovicianus.
Pheucticus chrysopeplus.
Cepphus grylle.
Cepphus columba.
Larus belcheri.
Chroicocephalus ridibundus.
Larus crassirostris.
Chroicocephalus philadelphia.
Larus californicus.
Larus canus.
Leucophaeus pipixcan.
Larus hyperboreus.
Larus glaucescens.
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus.
Larus marinus.
Larus heermanni.
Larus argentatus.
Larus glaucoides.
Pagophila eburnea.
Larus dominicanus.
Leucophaeus atricilla.
Larus fuscus.
Hydrocoloeus minutus.
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus.
Larus delawarensis.
Rhodostethia rosea.
Xema sabini.
Larus brachyrhynchus.
Larus schistisagus.
Creagrus furcatus.
Larus occidentalis.
Larus livens.
Larus michahellis.
Falco rusticolus.
Circus hudsonius.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes.
Buteo platypterus.
Buteogallus anthracinus.
Accipiter cooperii.
Geranospiza caerulescens.
Buteo regalis.
Buteo plagiatus.
Buteogallus urubitinga.
Parabuteo unicinctus.
Buteo solitarius.
Buteo lineatus.
Buteo jamaicensis.
Rupornis magnirostris.
Buteo lagopus.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75990
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Hawk-Cuckoo .....................................................
Heron ..................................................................
Hobby .................................................................
Honeycreeper .....................................................
Hoopoe ...............................................................
House-Martin ......................................................
Hummingbird ......................................................
Ibis ......................................................................
‘I‘iwi .....................................................................
Imperial-Pigeon ..................................................
Jabiru ..................................................................
Jacana ................................................................
Jackdaw ..............................................................
Jaeger .................................................................
Jay ......................................................................
Junco ..................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Ka¯ka¯wahie ..........................................................
Ka¯ma‘o ...............................................................
Kestrel ................................................................
Killdeer ................................................................
Kingbird ..............................................................
Kingfisher ............................................................
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Sharp-shinned Hawk ........................................
Short-tailed Hawk .............................................
Swainson’s Hawk .............................................
White-tailed Hawk ............................................
Zone-tailed Hawk .............................................
Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo .................................
Gray Heron ......................................................
Great Blue Heron .............................................
Green Heron ....................................................
Little Blue Heron ..............................................
Tricolored Heron ..............................................
Eurasian Hobby ...............................................
Laysan Honeycreeper ......................................
Red-legged Honeycreeper ...............................
Eurasian Hoopoe .............................................
Common House-Martin ....................................
Allen’s Hummingbird ........................................
Anna’s Hummingbird ........................................
Antillean Crested Hummingbird .......................
Berylline Hummingbird .....................................
Black-chinned Hummingbird ............................
Broad-billed Hummingbird ...............................
Broad-tailed Hummingbird ...............................
Buff-bellied Hummingbird .................................
Bumblebee Hummingbird ................................
Calliope Hummingbird ......................................
Cinnamon Hummingbird ..................................
Costa’s Hummingbird .......................................
Lucifer Hummingbird ........................................
Rivoli’s Hummingbird .......................................
Ruby-throated Hummingbird ............................
Rufous Hummingbird .......................................
Vervain Hummingbird ......................................
Violet-crowned Hummingbird ...........................
White-eared Hummingbird ...............................
Xantus’s Hummingbird .....................................
Glossy Ibis .......................................................
Scarlet Ibis .......................................................
White Ibis .........................................................
White-faced Ibis ...............................................
‘I‘iwi ..................................................................
Pacific Imperial-Pigeon ....................................
Jabiru ...............................................................
Northern Jacana ..............................................
Eurasian Jackdaw ............................................
Long-tailed Jaeger ...........................................
Parasitic Jaeger ...............................................
Pomarine Jaeger ..............................................
Blue Jay ...........................................................
Brown Jay ........................................................
Canada Jay ......................................................
Green Jay ........................................................
Mexican Jay .....................................................
Pinyon Jay .......................................................
Steller’s Jay ......................................................
Dark-eyed Junco ..............................................
Yellow-eyed Junco ...........................................
Ka¯ka¯wahie ........................................................
Ka¯ma‘o .............................................................
American Kestrel ..............................................
Eurasian Kestrel ...............................................
Killdeer .............................................................
Cassin’s Kingbird .............................................
Couch’s Kingbird ..............................................
Eastern Kingbird ..............................................
Gray Kingbird ...................................................
Loggerhead Kingbird ........................................
Thick-billed Kingbird .........................................
Tropical Kingbird ..............................................
Western Kingbird .............................................
Amazon Kingfisher ...........................................
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Species scientific name
Accipiter striatus.
Buteo brachyurus.
Buteo swainsoni.
Geranoaetus albicaudatus.
Buteo albonotatus.
Hierococcyx nisicolor.
Ardea cinerea.
Ardea herodias.
Butorides virescens.
Egretta caerulea.
Egretta tricolor.
Falco subbuteo.
Himatione fraithii.
Cyanerpes cyaneus.
Upupa epops.
Delichon urbicum.
Selasphorus sasin.
Calypte anna.
Orthorhyncus cristatus.
Saucerottia beryllina.
Archilochus alexandri.
Cynanthus latirostris.
Selasphorus platycercus.
Amazilia yucatanensis.
Selasphorus heloisa.
Selasphorus calliope.
Amazilia rutila.
Calypte costae.
Calothorax lucifer.
Eugenes fulgens.
Archilochus colubris.
Selasphorus rufus.
Mellisuga minima.
Ramosomyia violiceps.
Basilinna leucotis.
Basilinna xantusii.
Plegadis falcinellus.
Eudocimus ruber.
Eudocimus albus.
Plegadis chihi.
Drepanis coccinea.
Ducula pacifica.
Jabiru mycteria.
Jacana spinosa.
Corvus monedula.
Stercorarius longicaudus.
Stercorarius parasiticus.
Stercorarius pomarinus.
Cyanocitta cristata.
Psilorhinus morio.
Perisoreus canadensis.
Cyanocorax yncas.
Aphelocoma wollweberi.
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus.
Cyanocitta stelleri.
Junco hyemalis.
Junco phaeonotus.
Paroreomyza flammea.
Myadestes myadestinus.
Falco sparverius.
Falco tinnunculus.
Charadrius vociferus.
Tyrannus vociferans.
Tyrannus couchii.
Tyrannus tyrannus.
Tyrannus dominicensis.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus.
Tyrannus crassirostris.
Tyrannus melancholicus.
Tyrannus verticalis.
Chloroceryle amazona.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75991
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Kinglet .................................................................
Kiskadee .............................................................
Kite .....................................................................
Kittiwake .............................................................
Knot ....................................................................
Koel ....................................................................
Lapwing ..............................................................
Lark .....................................................................
Limpkin ...............................................................
Lizard-Cuckoo ....................................................
Longspur .............................................................
Loon ....................................................................
Magpie ................................................................
Mallard ................................................................
Mango .................................................................
Marsh-Harrier .....................................................
Martin ..................................................................
Meadowlark ........................................................
Merganser ..........................................................
Merlin ..................................................................
Millerbird .............................................................
Mockingbird ........................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Moorhen .............................................................
Mountain-gem .....................................................
Murre ..................................................................
Murrelet ..............................................................
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Belted Kingfisher ..............................................
Common Kingfisher .........................................
Green Kingfisher ..............................................
Guam Kingfisher ..............................................
Mariana Kingfisher ...........................................
Pacific Kingfisher .............................................
Ringed Kingfisher .............................................
Golden-crowned Kinglet ...................................
Ruby-crowned Kinglet ......................................
Great Kiskadee ................................................
Black Kite .........................................................
Double-toothed Kite .........................................
Hook-billed Kite ................................................
Mississippi Kite ................................................
Snail Kite ..........................................................
Swallow-tailed Kite ...........................................
White-tailed Kite ...............................................
Black-legged Kittiwake .....................................
Red-legged Kittiwake .......................................
Great Knot ........................................................
Red Knot ..........................................................
Long-tailed Koel ...............................................
Northern Lapwing .............................................
Horned Lark .....................................................
Limpkin .............................................................
Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo ............................
Chestnut-collared Longspur .............................
Lapland Longspur ............................................
Smith’s Longspur .............................................
Thick-billed Longspur .......................................
Arctic Loon .......................................................
Common Loon .................................................
Pacific Loon .....................................................
Red-throated Loon ...........................................
Yellow-billed Loon ............................................
Black-billed Magpie ..........................................
Yellow-billed Magpie ........................................
Mallard .............................................................
Puerto Rican Mango ........................................
Green Mango ...................................................
Green-breasted Mango ....................................
Eastern Marsh-Harrier .....................................
Brown-chested Martin ......................................
Caribbean Martin .............................................
Cuban Martin ...................................................
Gray-breasted Martin .......................................
Purple Martin ....................................................
Southern Martin ...............................................
Chihuahuan Meadowlark .................................
Eastern Meadowlark ........................................
Western Meadowlark .......................................
Common Merganser ........................................
Hooded Merganser ..........................................
Red-breasted Merganser .................................
Merlin ...............................................................
Millerbird ...........................................................
Bahama Mockingbird .......................................
Blue Mockingbird .............................................
Northern Mockingbird .......................................
Eurasian Moorhen ............................................
Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem ....................
Blue-throated Mountain-gem ...........................
Common Murre ................................................
Thick-billed Murre ............................................
Ancient Murrelet ...............................................
Craveri’s Murrelet .............................................
Guadalupe Murrelet .........................................
Kittlitz’s Murrelet ...............................................
Long-billed Murrelet .........................................
Marbled Murrelet ..............................................
Scripps’s Murrelet ............................................
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Species scientific name
Megaceryle alcyon.
Alcedo atthis.
Chloroceryle americana.
Todiramphus cinnamominus.
Todiramphus albicilla.
Todiramphus sacer.
Megaceryle torquata.
Regulus satrapa.
Corthylio calendula.
Pitangus sulphuratus.
Milvus migrans.
Harpagus bidentatus.
Chondrohierax uncinatus.
Ictinia mississippiensis.
Rostrhamus sociabilis.
Elanoides forficatus.
Elanus leucurus.
Rissa tridactyla.
Rissa brevirostris.
Calidris tenuirostris.
Calidris canutus.
Urodynamis taitensis.
Vanellus vanellus.
Eremophila alpestris.
Aramus guarauna.
Coccyzus vieilloti.
Calcarius ornatus.
Calcarius lapponicus.
Calcarius pictus.
Rhynchophanes mccownii.
Gavia arctica.
Gavia immer.
Gavia pacifica.
Gavia stellata.
Gavia adamsii.
Pica hudsonia.
Pica nuttalli.
Anas platyrhynchos.
Anthracothorax aurulentus.
Anthracothorax viridis.
Anthracothorax prevostii.
Circus spilonotus.
Progne tapera.
Progne dominicensis.
Progne cryptoleuca.
Progne chalybea.
Progne subis.
Progne elegans.
Sturnella lilianae.
Sturnella magna.
Sturnella neglecta.
Mergus merganser.
Lophodytes cucullatus.
Mergus serrator.
Falco columbarius.
Acrocephalus familiaris.
Mimus gundlachii.
Melanotis caerulescens.
Mimus polyglottos.
Gallinula chloropus.
Lampornis amethystinus.
Lampornis clemenciae.
Uria aalge.
Uria lomvia.
Synthliboramphus antiquus.
Synthliboramphus craveri.
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus.
Brachyramphus brevirostris.
Brachyramphus perdix.
Brachyramphus marmoratus.
Synthliboramphus scrippsi.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75992
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Needletail ............................................................
Nighthawk ...........................................................
White-throated Needletail ................................
Antillean Nighthawk .........................................
Common Nighthawk .........................................
Lesser Nighthawk ............................................
Black-crowned Night-Heron .............................
Japanese Night-Heron .....................................
Malayan Night-Heron .......................................
Nankeen Night-Heron ......................................
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ...........................
Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush ....................
Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush ....................
Buff-collared Nightjar .......................................
Gray Nightjar ....................................................
Puerto Rican Nightjar .......................................
White-tailed Nightjar .........................................
Black Noddy .....................................................
Blue-gray Noddy ..............................................
Brown Noddy ...................................................
Kauai Nukupu‘u ................................................
Maui Nukupu‘u .................................................
O‘ahu Nukupu‘u ...............................................
Clark’s Nutcracker ............................................
Brown-headed Nuthatch ..................................
Pygmy Nuthatch ...............................................
Red-breasted Nuthatch ....................................
White-breasted Nuthatch .................................
Oloma‘o ............................................................
¯ ma’o ..............................................................
‘O
Altamira Oriole .................................................
Audubon’s Oriole .............................................
Baltimore Oriole ...............................................
Black-backed Oriole .........................................
Black-vented Oriole ..........................................
Bullock’s Oriole ................................................
Hooded Oriole ..................................................
Orchard Oriole .................................................
Puerto Rican Oriole .........................................
Scott’s Oriole ....................................................
Streak-backed Oriole .......................................
Osprey ..............................................................
¯ ‘u¯ ...................................................................
‘O
Ovenbird ...........................................................
Barn Owl ..........................................................
Barred Owl .......................................................
Boreal Owl .......................................................
Burrowing Owl ..................................................
Elf Owl ..............................................................
Flammulated Owl .............................................
Great Gray Owl ................................................
Great Horned Owl ............................................
Long-eared Owl ...............................................
Mottled Owl ......................................................
Northern Hawk Owl ..........................................
Northern Saw-whet Owl ...................................
Puerto Rican Owl .............................................
Short-eared Owl ...............................................
Snowy Owl .......................................................
Spotted Owl .....................................................
Stygian Owl ......................................................
American Oystercatcher ..................................
Black Oystercatcher .........................................
Eurasian Oystercatcher ...................................
Palila ................................................................
Antillean Palm-Swift .........................................
Maui Parrotbill ..................................................
Northern Parula ................................................
Tropical Parula .................................................
Common Pauraque ..........................................
American White Pelican ...................................
Brown Pelican ..................................................
Bermuda Petrel ................................................
Night-Heron ........................................................
Nightingale-Thrush .............................................
Nightjar ...............................................................
Noddy .................................................................
Nukupu‘u ............................................................
Nutcracker ..........................................................
Nuthatch .............................................................
Oloma‘o ..............................................................
¯ ma’o ................................................................
‘O
Oriole ..................................................................
Osprey ................................................................
¯ ‘u¯ .....................................................................
‘O
Ovenbird .............................................................
Owl .....................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Oystercatcher .....................................................
Palila ...................................................................
Palm-Swift ..........................................................
Parrotbill .............................................................
Parula .................................................................
Pauraque ............................................................
Pelican ................................................................
Petrel ..................................................................
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Species scientific name
Hirundapus caudacutus.
Chordeiles gundlachii.
Chordeiles minor.
Chordeiles acutipennis.
Nycticorax nycticorax.
Gorsachius goisagi.
Gorsachius melanolophus.
Nycticorax caledonicus.
Nyctanassa violacea.
Catharus mexicanus.
Catharus aurantiirostris.
Antrostomus ridgwayi.
Caprimulgus jotaka.
Antrostomus noctitherus.
Hydropsalis cayennensis.
Anous minutus.
Anous ceruleus.
Anous stolidus.
Hemignathus hanapepe.
Hemignathus affinis.
Hemignathus lucidus.
Nucifraga columbiana.
Sitta pusilla.
Sitta pygmaea.
Sitta canadensis.
Sitta carolinensis.
Myadestes lanaiensis.
Myadestes obscurus.
Icterus gularis.
Icterus graduacauda.
Icterus galbula.
Icterus abeillei.
Icterus wagleri.
Icterus bullockii.
Icterus cucullatus.
Icterus spurius.
Icterus portoricensis.
Icterus parisorum.
Icterus pustulatus.
Pandion haliaetus.
Psittirostra psittacea.
Seiurus aurocapilla.
Tyto alba.
Strix varia.
Aegolius funereus.
Athene cunicularia.
Micrathene whitneyi.
Psiloscops flammeolus.
Strix nebulosa.
Bubo virginianus.
Asio otus.
Strix virgata.
Surnia ulula.
Aegolius acadicus.
Gymnasio nudipes.
Asio flammeus.
Bubo scandiacus.
Strix occidentalis.
Asio stygius.
Haematopus palliatus.
Haematopus bachmani.
Haematopus ostralegus.
Loxioides bailleui.
Tachornis phoenicobia.
Pseudonestor xanthophrys.
Setophaga americana.
Setophaga pitiayumi.
Nyctidromus albicollis.
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.
Pelecanus occidentalis.
Pterodroma cahow.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75993
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Pewee .................................................................
Phainopepla ........................................................
Phalarope ...........................................................
Phoebe ...............................................................
Pigeon ................................................................
Pintail ..................................................................
Pipit .....................................................................
Plover .................................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Pochard ..............................................................
Pond-Heron ........................................................
Poorwill ...............................................................
Po‘ouli .................................................................
Puaiohi ................................................................
Puffin ..................................................................
Pygmy-Owl .........................................................
Pyrrhuloxia ..........................................................
Quail-Dove ..........................................................
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Black-capped Petrel .........................................
Black-winged Petrel .........................................
Bonin Petrel .....................................................
Bulwer’s Petrel .................................................
Cook’s Petrel ....................................................
Fea’s Petrel ......................................................
Gould’s Petrel ..................................................
Gray-faced Petrel .............................................
Hawaiian Petrel ................................................
Herald Petrel ....................................................
Jouanin’s Petrel ...............................................
Juan Fernandez Petrel ....................................
Kermadec Petrel ..............................................
Mottled Petrel ...................................................
Murphy’s Petrel ................................................
Parkinson’s Petrel ............................................
Phoenix Petrel ..................................................
Providence Petrel .............................................
Stejneger’s Petrel .............................................
Tahiti Petrel ......................................................
Trindade Petrel ................................................
White-chinned Petrel ........................................
White-necked Petrel .........................................
Zino’s Petrel .....................................................
Cuban Pewee ..................................................
Greater Pewee .................................................
Hispaniolan Pewee ..........................................
Lesser Antillean Pewee ...................................
Phainopepla .....................................................
Red Phalarope .................................................
Red-necked Phalarope ....................................
Wilson’s Phalarope ..........................................
Black Phoebe ...................................................
Eastern Phoebe ...............................................
Say’s Phoebe ...................................................
Band-tailed Pigeon ...........................................
Plain Pigeon .....................................................
Red-billed Pigeon .............................................
Scaly-naped Pigeon .........................................
White-crowned Pigeon .....................................
Northern Pintail ................................................
White-cheeked Pintail ......................................
American Pipit ..................................................
Olive-backed Pipit ............................................
Pechora Pipit ....................................................
Red-throated Pipit ............................................
Sprague’s Pipit .................................................
Tree Pipit ..........................................................
Black-bellied Plover .........................................
Collared Plover ................................................
Common Ringed Plover ...................................
Kentish Plover ..................................................
Little Ringed Plover ..........................................
Mountain Plover ...............................................
Piping Plover ....................................................
Semipalmated Plover .......................................
Snowy Plover ...................................................
Wilson’s Plover ................................................
Baer’s Pochard ................................................
Common Pochard ............................................
Chinese Pond-Heron .......................................
Common Poorwill .............................................
Po‘ouli ..............................................................
Puaiohi .............................................................
Atlantic Puffin ...................................................
Horned Puffin ...................................................
Tufted Puffin .....................................................
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl ..................................
Northern Pygmy-Owl ........................................
Pyrrhuloxia .......................................................
Bridled Quail-Dove ...........................................
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Species scientific name
Pterodroma hasitata.
Pterodroma nigripennis.
Pterodroma hypoleuca.
Bulweria bulwerii.
Pterodroma cookii.
Pterodroma feae.
Pterodroma leucoptera.
Pterodroma gouldi.
Pterodroma sandwichensis.
Pterodroma heraldica.
Bulweria fallax.
Pterodroma externa.
Pterodroma neglecta.
Pterodroma inexpectata.
Pterodroma ultima.
Procellaria parkinsoni.
Pterodroma alba.
Pterodroma solandri.
Pterodroma longirostris.
Pseudobulweria rostrata.
Pterodroma arminjoniana.
Procellaria aequinoctialis.
Pterodroma cervicalis.
Pterodroma madeira.
Contopus caribaeus.
Contopus pertinax.
Contopus hispaniolensis.
Contopus latirostris.
Phainopepla nitens.
Phalaropus fulicarius.
Phalaropus lobatus.
Phalaropus tricolor.
Sayornis nigricans.
Sayornis phoebe.
Sayornis saya.
Patagioenas fasciata.
Patagioenas inornata.
Patagioenas flavirostris.
Patagioenas squamosa.
Patagioenas leucocephala.
Anas acuta.
Anas bahamensis.
Anthus rubescens.
Anthus hodgsoni.
Anthus gustavi.
Anthus cervinus.
Anthus spragueii.
Anthus trivialis.
Pluvialis squatarola.
Charadrius collaris.
Charadrius hiaticula.
Charadrius alexandrinus.
Charadrius dubius.
Charadrius montanus.
Charadrius melodus.
Charadrius semipalmatus.
Charadrius nivosus.
Charadrius wilsonia.
Aythya baeri.
Aythya ferina.
Ardeola bacchus.
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii.
Melamprosops phaeosoma.
Myadestes palmeri.
Fratercula arctica.
Fratercula corniculata.
Fratercula cirrhata.
Glaucidium brasilianum.
Glaucidium gnoma.
Cardinalis sinuatus.
Geotrygon mystacea.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75994
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Quetzal ...............................................................
Rail .....................................................................
Raven .................................................................
Razorbill ..............................................................
Redhead .............................................................
Redpoll ...............................................................
Redshank ...........................................................
Redstart ..............................................................
Redwing ..............................................................
Reef-Heron .........................................................
Roadrunner .........................................................
Robin ..................................................................
Rock-Thrush .......................................................
Rosefinch ............................................................
Rosy-Finch .........................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Rubythroat ..........................................................
Ruff .....................................................................
Sanderling ..........................................................
Sandpiper ...........................................................
Sand-Plover ........................................................
Sapsucker ...........................................................
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Key West Quail-Dove ......................................
Ruddy Quail-Dove ............................................
Eared Quetzal ..................................................
Black Rail .........................................................
Buff-banded Rail ..............................................
Clapper Rail .....................................................
Guam Rail ........................................................
King Rail ...........................................................
Ridgway’s Rail .................................................
Spotted Rail .....................................................
Virginia Rail ......................................................
Yellow Rail .......................................................
Chihuahuan Raven ..........................................
Common Raven ...............................................
Razorbill ...........................................................
Redhead ...........................................................
Common Redpoll .............................................
Hoary Redpoll ..................................................
Common Redshank .........................................
Spotted Redshank ...........................................
American Redstart ...........................................
Common Redstart ............................................
Painted Redstart ..............................................
Slate-throated Redstart ....................................
Redwing ...........................................................
Pacific Reef-Heron ...........................................
Western Reef-Heron ........................................
Greater Roadrunner .........................................
American Robin ...............................................
European Robin ...............................................
Rufous-backed Robin ......................................
Rufous-tailed Robin .........................................
Siberian Blue Robin .........................................
Blue Rock-Thrush ............................................
Common Rosefinch .........................................
Pallas’s Rosefinch ............................................
Asian Rosy-Finch .............................................
Black Rosy-Finch .............................................
Brown-capped Rosy-Finch ...............................
Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch ...............................
Siberian Rubythroat .........................................
Ruff ...................................................................
Sanderling ........................................................
Baird’s Sandpiper .............................................
Broad-billed Sandpiper ....................................
Buff-breasted Sandpiper ..................................
Common Sandpiper .........................................
Curlew Sandpiper ............................................
Green Sandpiper ..............................................
Least Sandpiper ...............................................
Marsh Sandpiper ..............................................
Pectoral Sandpiper ..........................................
Purple Sandpiper .............................................
Rock Sandpiper ...............................................
Semipalmated Sandpiper .................................
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper ....................................
Solitary Sandpiper ............................................
Spoon-billed Sandpiper ....................................
Spotted Sandpiper ...........................................
Stilt Sandpiper ..................................................
Terek Sandpiper ..............................................
Upland Sandpiper ............................................
Western Sandpiper ..........................................
White-rumped Sandpiper .................................
Wood Sandpiper ..............................................
Greater Sand-Plover ........................................
Lesser Sand-Plover .........................................
Red-breasted Sapsucker .................................
Red-naped Sapsucker .....................................
Williamson’s Sapsucker ...................................
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker .................................
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Species scientific name
Geotrygon chrysia.
Geotrygon montana.
Euptilotis neoxenus.
Laterallus jamaicensis.
Gallirallus philippensis.
Rallus crepitans.
Gallirallus owstoni.
Rallus elegans.
Rallus obsoletus.
Pardirallus maculatus.
Rallus limicola.
Coturnicops noveboracensis.
Corvus cryptoleucus.
Corvus corax.
Alca torda.
Aythya americana.
Acanthis flammea.
Acanthis hornemanni.
Tringa totanus.
Tringa erythropus.
Setophaga ruticilla.
Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
Myioborus pictus.
Myioborus miniatus.
Turdus iliacus.
Egretta sacra.
Egretta gularis.
Geococcyx californianus.
Turdus migratorius.
Erithacus rubecula.
Turdus rufopalliatus.
Larvivora sibilans.
Larvivora cyane.
Monticola solitarius.
Carpodacus erythrinus.
Carpodacus roseus.
Leucosticte arctoa.
Leucosticte atrata.
Leucosticte australis.
Leucosticte tephrocotis.
Calliope calliope.
Calidris pugnax.
Calidris alba.
Calidris bairdii.
Calidris falcinellus.
Calidris subruficollis.
Actitis hypoleucos.
Calidris ferruginea.
Tringa ochropus.
Calidris minutilla.
Tringa stagnatilis.
Calidris melanotos.
Calidris maritima.
Calidris ptilocnemis.
Calidris pusilla.
Calidris acuminata.
Tringa solitaria.
Calidris pygmea.
Actitis macularius.
Calidris himantopus.
Xenus cinereus.
Bartramia longicauda.
Calidris mauri.
Calidris fuscicollis.
Tringa glareola.
Charadrius leschenaultii.
Charadrius mongolus.
Sphyrapicus ruber.
Sphyrapicus nuchalis.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
Sphyrapicus varius.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75995
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Scaup .................................................................
Greater Scaup ..................................................
Lesser Scaup ...................................................
Oriental Scops-Owl ..........................................
Black Scoter .....................................................
Common Scoter ...............................................
Stejneger’s Scoter ............................................
Surf Scoter .......................................................
White-winged Scoter ........................................
Eastern Screech-Owl .......................................
Western Screech-Owl ......................................
Whiskered Screech-Owl ..................................
California Scrub-Jay .........................................
Florida Scrub-Jay .............................................
Island Scrub-Jay ..............................................
Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay ..................................
Steller’s Sea-Eagle ..........................................
Morelet’s Seedeater .........................................
Audubon’s Shearwater .....................................
Barolo Shearwater ...........................................
Black-vented Shearwater .................................
Bryan’s Shearwater ..........................................
Buller’s Shearwater ..........................................
Cape Verde Shearwater ..................................
Christmas Shearwater .....................................
Cory’s Shearwater ...........................................
Flesh-footed Shearwater ..................................
Great Shearwater .............................................
Manx Shearwater .............................................
Newell’s Shearwater ........................................
Pink-footed Shearwater ...................................
Short-tailed Shearwater ...................................
Sooty Shearwater ............................................
Streaked Shearwater .......................................
Wedge-tailed Shearwater ................................
Northern Shoveler ............................................
Brown Shrike ....................................................
Loggerhead Shrike ...........................................
Northern Shrike ................................................
Gray Silky-Flycatcher .......................................
Eurasian Siskin ................................................
Pine Siskin .......................................................
Black Skimmer .................................................
Great Skua .......................................................
South Polar Skua .............................................
Eurasian Skylark ..............................................
Smew ...............................................................
Common Snipe ................................................
Jack Snipe .......................................................
Pin-tailed Snipe ................................................
Solitary Snipe ...................................................
Swinhoe’s Snipe ..............................................
Wilson’s Snipe .................................................
Brown-backed Solitaire ....................................
Townsend’s Solitaire ........................................
Sora ..................................................................
American Tree Sparrow ...................................
Bachman’s Sparrow .........................................
Baird’s Sparrow ................................................
Bell’s Sparrow ..................................................
Black-chinned Sparrow ....................................
Black-throated Sparrow ...................................
Botteri’s Sparrow ..............................................
Brewer’s Sparrow .............................................
Cassin’s Sparrow .............................................
Chipping Sparrow ............................................
Clay-colored Sparrow ......................................
Field Sparrow ...................................................
Five-striped Sparrow ........................................
Fox Sparrow .....................................................
Golden-crowned Sparrow ................................
Grasshopper Sparrow ......................................
Scops-Owl ..........................................................
Scoter .................................................................
Screech-Owl .......................................................
Scrub-Jay ...........................................................
Sea-Eagle ...........................................................
Seedeater ...........................................................
Shearwater .........................................................
Shoveler .............................................................
Shrike .................................................................
Silky-Flycatcher ..................................................
Siskin ..................................................................
Skimmer .............................................................
Skua ...................................................................
Skylark ................................................................
Smew ..................................................................
Snipe ..................................................................
Solitaire ...............................................................
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Sora ....................................................................
Sparrow ..............................................................
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Species scientific name
Aythya marila.
Aythya affinis.
Otus sunia.
Melanitta americana.
Melanitta nigra.
Melanitta stejneger.
Melanitta perspicillata.
Melanitta deglandi.
Megascops asio.
Megascops kennicottii.
Megascops trichopsis.
Aphelocoma californica.
Aphelocoma coerulescens.
Aphelocoma insularis.
Aphelocoma woodhouseii.
Haliaeetus pelagicus.
Sporophila morelleti.
Puffinus lherminieri.
Puffinus baroli.
Puffinus opisthomelas.
Puffinus bryani.
Ardenna bulleri.
Calonectris edwardsii.
Puffinus nativitatis.
Calonectris diomedea.
Ardenna carneipes.
Ardenna gravis.
Puffinus puffinus.
Puffinus newelli.
Ardenna creatopus.
Ardenna tenuirostris.
Ardenna grisea.
Calonectris leucomelas.
Ardenna pacifica.
Spatula clypeata.
Lanius cristatus.
Lanius ludovicianus.
Lanius borealis.
Ptiliogonys cinereus.
Spinus spinus.
Spinus pinus.
Rynchops niger.
Stercorarius skua.
Stercorarius maccormicki.
Alauda arvensis.
Mergellus albellus.
Gallinago gallinago.
Lymnocryptes minimus.
Gallinago stenura.
Gallinago solitaria.
Gallinago megala.
Gallinago delicata.
Myadestes occidentalis.
Myadestes townsendi.
Porzana carolina.
Spizelloides arborea.
Peucaea aestivalis.
Centronyx bairdii.
Artemisiospiza belli.
Spizella atrogularis.
Amphispiza bilineata.
Peucaea botterii.
Spizella breweri.
Peucaea cassinii.
Spizella passerina.
Spizella pallida.
Spizella pusilla.
Amphispizopsis quinquestriata.
Passerella iliaca.
Zonotrichia atricapilla.
Ammodramus savannarum.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75996
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Sparrowhawk ......................................................
Spindalis .............................................................
Spoonbill .............................................................
Starling ...............................................................
Starthroat ............................................................
Stilt ......................................................................
Stint ....................................................................
Stonechat ...........................................................
Stork ...................................................................
Storm-Petrel .......................................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Surfbird ...............................................................
Swallow ..............................................................
Swamphen ..........................................................
Swan ...................................................................
Swift ....................................................................
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Harris’s Sparrow ..............................................
Henslow’s Sparrow ..........................................
Lark Sparrow ....................................................
LeConte’s Sparrow ..........................................
Lincoln’s Sparrow .............................................
Nelson’s Sparrow .............................................
Olive Sparrow ..................................................
Rufous-crowned Sparrow ................................
Rufous-winged Sparrow ...................................
Sagebrush Sparrow .........................................
Saltmarsh Sparrow ..........................................
Savannah Sparrow ..........................................
Seaside Sparrow ..............................................
Song Sparrow ..................................................
Swamp Sparrow ...............................................
Vesper Sparrow ...............................................
White-crowned Sparrow ...................................
White-throated Sparrow ...................................
Worthen’s Sparrow ..........................................
Chinese Sparrowhawk .....................................
Japanese Sparrowhawk ...................................
Puerto Rican Spindalis ....................................
Western Spindalis ............................................
Roseate Spoonbill ............................................
Chestnut-cheeked Starling ...............................
White-cheeked Starling ....................................
Plain-capped Starthroat ...................................
Black-necked Stilt ............................................
Black-winged Stilt .............................................
Little Stint .........................................................
Long-toed Stint .................................................
Red-necked Stint .............................................
Temminck’s Stint ..............................................
Asian Stonechat ...............................................
Wood Stork ......................................................
Ashy Storm-Petrel ............................................
Band-rumped Storm-Petrel ..............................
Black Storm-Petrel ...........................................
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel ...............................
European Storm-Petrel ....................................
Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel ...................................
Leach’s Storm-Petrel .......................................
Least Storm-Petrel ...........................................
Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel ...............................
Polynesian Storm-Petrel ..................................
Ringed Storm-Petrel ........................................
Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel ...................................
Townsend’s Storm-Petrel .................................
Tristram’s Storm-Petrel ....................................
Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel ...........................
White-bellied Storm-Petrel ...............................
White-faced Storm-Petrel .................................
Wilson’s Storm-Petrel ......................................
Surfbird .............................................................
Bahama Swallow .............................................
Bank Swallow ...................................................
Barn Swallow ...................................................
Blue-and-white Swallow ...................................
Cave Swallow ..................................................
Cliff Swallow .....................................................
Mangrove Swallow ...........................................
Northern Rough-winged Swallow ....................
Tree Swallow ...................................................
Violet-green Swallow .......................................
Purple Swamphen ............................................
Trumpeter Swan ..............................................
Tundra Swan ....................................................
Whooper Swan ................................................
Alpine Swift ......................................................
Black Swift .......................................................
Chimney Swift ..................................................
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Species scientific name
Zonotrichia querula.
Centronyx henslowii.
Chondestes grammacus.
Ammospiza leconteii.
Melospiza lincolnii.
Ammospiza nelsoni.
Arremonops rufivirgatus.
Aimophila ruficeps.
Peucaea carpalis.
Artemisiospiza nevadensis.
Ammospiza caudacuta.
Passerculus sandwichensis.
Ammospiza maritima.
Melospiza melodia.
Melospiza georgiana.
Pooecetes gramineus.
Zonotrichia leucophrys.
Zonotrichia albicollis.
Spizella wortheni.
Accipiter soloensis.
Accipiter gularis.
Spindalis portoricensis.
Spindalis zena.
Platalea ajaja.
Agropsar philippensis.
Spodiopsar cineraceus.
Heliomaster constantii.
Himantopus mexicanus.
Himantopus himantopus.
Calidris minuta.
Calidris subminuta.
Calidris ruficollis.
Calidris temminckii.
Saxicola maurus.
Mycteria americana.
Hydrobates homochroa.
Hydrobates castro.
Hydrobates melania.
Fregetta tropica.
Hydrobates pelagicus.
Hydrobates furcatus.
Hydrobates leucorhous.
Hydrobates microsoma.
Hydrobates matsudairae.
Nesofregetta fuliginosa.
Hydrobates hornbyi.
Hydrobates monorhis.
Hydrobates socorroensis.
Hydrobates tristrami.
Hydrobates tethys.
Fregetta grallaria.
Pelagodroma marina.
Oceanites oceanicus.
Calidris virgata.
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis.
Riparia riparia.
Hirundo rustica.
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca.
Petrochelidon fulva.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.
Tachycineta albilinea.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis.
Tachycineta bicolor.
Tachycineta thalassina.
Porphyrio porphyrio.
Cygnus buccinator.
Cygnus columbianus.
Cygnus cygnus.
Apus melba.
Cypseloides niger.
Chaetura pelagica.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
75997
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Swiftlet ................................................................
Tanager ..............................................................
Tattler .................................................................
Teal .....................................................................
Tern ....................................................................
Thrasher .............................................................
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Thrush ................................................................
Tiger-Heron ........................................................
Titmouse .............................................................
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Common Swift ..................................................
Fork-tailed Swift ...............................................
Short-tailed Swift ..............................................
Vaux’s Swift .....................................................
White-collared Swift .........................................
White-throated Swift .........................................
Mariana Swiftlet ...............................................
White-rumped Swiftlet ......................................
Flame-colored Tanager ....................................
Hepatic Tanager ..............................................
Puerto Rican Tanager ......................................
Scarlet Tanager ...............................................
Summer Tanager .............................................
Western Tanager .............................................
Gray-tailed Tattler ............................................
Wandering Tattler ............................................
Baikal Teal .......................................................
Blue-winged Teal .............................................
Cinnamon Teal .................................................
Green-winged Teal ..........................................
Aleutian Tern ....................................................
Arctic Tern ........................................................
Black Tern ........................................................
Black-naped Tern .............................................
Bridled Tern .....................................................
Caspian Tern ...................................................
Common Tern ..................................................
Elegant Tern ....................................................
Forster’s Tern ...................................................
Gray-backed Tern ............................................
Great Crested Tern ..........................................
Gull-billed Tern .................................................
Inca Tern ..........................................................
Large-billed Tern ..............................................
Least Tern ........................................................
Little Tern .........................................................
Roseate Tern ...................................................
Royal Tern .......................................................
Sandwich Tern .................................................
Sooty Tern .......................................................
Whiskered Tern ................................................
White Tern .......................................................
White-winged Tern ...........................................
Bendire’s Thrasher ...........................................
Brown Thrasher ...............................................
California Thrasher ..........................................
Crissal Thrasher ...............................................
Curve-billed Thrasher ......................................
LeConte’s Thrasher .........................................
Long-billed Thrasher ........................................
Pearly-eyed Thrasher ......................................
Sage Thrasher .................................................
Aztec Thrush ....................................................
Bicknell’s Thrush ..............................................
Clay-colored Thrush .........................................
Dusky Thrush ...................................................
Eyebrowed Thrush ...........................................
Gray-cheeked Thrush ......................................
Hermit Thrush ..................................................
Naumann’s Thrush ...........................................
Red-legged Thrush ..........................................
Swainson’s Thrush ...........................................
Varied Thrush ..................................................
White-throated Thrush .....................................
Wood Thrush ...................................................
Bare-throated Tiger-Heron ...............................
Black-crested Titmouse ...................................
Bridled Titmouse ..............................................
Juniper Titmouse .............................................
Oak Titmouse ...................................................
Tufted Titmouse ...............................................
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Species scientific name
Apus apus.
Apus pacificus.
Chaetura brachyura.
Chaetura vauxi.
Streptoprocne zonaris.
Aeronautes saxatalis.
Aerodramus bartschi.
Aerodramus spodiopygius.
Piranga bidentata.
Piranga flava.
Nesospingus speculiferus.
Piranga olivacea.
Piranga rubra.
Piranga ludoviciana.
Tringa brevipes.
Tringa incana.
Sibirionetta formosa.
Spatula discors.
Spatula cyanoptera.
Anas crecca.
Onychoprion aleuticus.
Sterna paradisaea.
Chlidonias niger.
Sterna sumatrana.
Onychoprion anaethetus.
Hydroprogne caspia.
Sterna hirundo.
Thalasseus elegans.
Sterna forsteri.
Onychoprion lunatus.
Thalasseus bergii.
Gelochelidon nilotica.
Larosterna inca.
Phaetusa simplex.
Sternula antillarum.
Sternula albifrons.
Sterna dougallii.
Thalasseus maximus.
Thalasseus sandvicensis.
Onychoprion fuscatus.
Chlidonias hybrida.
Gygis alba.
Chlidonias leucopterus.
Toxostoma bendirei.
Toxostoma rufum.
Toxostoma redivivum.
Toxostoma crissale.
Toxostoma curvirostre.
Toxostoma lecontei.
Toxostoma longirostre.
Margarops fuscatus.
Oreoscoptes montanus.
Ridgwayia pinicola.
Catharus bicknelli.
Turdus grayi.
Turdus eunomus.
Turdus obscurus.
Catharus minimus.
Catharus guttatus.
Turdus naumanni.
Turdus plumbeus.
Catharus ustulatus.
Ixoreus naevius.
Turdus assimilis.
Hylocichla mustelina.
Tigrisoma mexicanum.
Baeolophus atricristatus.
Baeolophus wollweberi.
Baeolophus ridgwayi.
Baeolophus inornatus.
Baeolophus bicolor.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
12DEP1
75998
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Tityra ...................................................................
Towhee ...............................................................
Masked Tityra ..................................................
Abert’s Towhee ................................................
California Towhee ............................................
Canyon Towhee ...............................................
Eastern Towhee ...............................................
Green-tailed Towhee .......................................
Spotted Towhee ...............................................
Elegant Trogon ................................................
Red-billed Tropicbird ........................................
Red-tailed Tropicbird ........................................
White-tailed Tropicbird .....................................
Black Turnstone ...............................................
Ruddy Turnstone .............................................
Oriental Turtle-Dove .........................................
Veery ................................................................
Verdin ...............................................................
Mexican Violetear ............................................
Bell’s Vireo .......................................................
Black-capped Vireo ..........................................
Black-whiskered Vireo .....................................
Blue-headed Vireo ...........................................
Cassin’s Vireo ..................................................
Cuban Vireo .....................................................
Gray Vireo ........................................................
Hutton’s Vireo ..................................................
Philadelphia Vireo ............................................
Plumbeous Vireo ..............................................
Puerto Rican Vireo ...........................................
Red-eyed Vireo ................................................
Thick-billed Vireo .............................................
Warbling Vireo .................................................
White-eyed Vireo .............................................
Yellow-green Vireo ...........................................
Yellow-throated Vireo .......................................
Yucatan Vireo ..................................................
Black Vulture ....................................................
Turkey Vulture ..................................................
Citrine Wagtail ..................................................
Eastern Yellow Wagtail ....................................
Gray Wagtail ....................................................
White Wagtail ...................................................
Adelaide’s Warbler ...........................................
Aguiguan Reed Warbler ..................................
Arctic Warbler ..................................................
Bachman’s Warbler ..........................................
Bay-breasted Warbler ......................................
Black-and-white Warbler ..................................
Blackburnian Warbler .......................................
Blackpoll Warbler .............................................
Black-throated Blue Warbler ............................
Black-throated Gray Warbler ...........................
Black-throated Green Warbler .........................
Blue-winged Warbler ........................................
Blyth’s Reed Warbler .......................................
Canada Warbler ...............................................
Cape May Warbler ...........................................
Cerulean Warbler .............................................
Chestnut-sided Warbler ...................................
Colima Warbler ................................................
Connecticut Warbler ........................................
Crescent-chested Warbler ...............................
Dusky Warbler .................................................
Elfin-woods Warbler .........................................
Fan-tailed Warbler ...........................................
Golden-cheeked Warbler .................................
Golden-crowned Warbler .................................
Golden-winged Warbler ...................................
Grace’s Warbler ...............................................
Hermit Warbler .................................................
Hooded Warbler ...............................................
Kamchatka Leaf Warbler .................................
Trogon ................................................................
Tropicbird ............................................................
Turnstone ...........................................................
Turtle-Dove .........................................................
Veery ..................................................................
Verdin .................................................................
Violetear .............................................................
Vireo ...................................................................
Vulture ................................................................
Wagtail ................................................................
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Warbler ...............................................................
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Species scientific name
Tityra semifasciata.
Melozone aberti.
Melozone crissalis.
Melozone fusca.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus.
Pipilo chlorurus.
Pipilo maculatus.
Trogon elegans.
Phaethon aethereus.
Phaethon rubricauda.
Phaethon lepturus.
Arenaria melanocephala.
Arenaria interpres.
Streptopelia orientalis.
Catharus fuscescens.
Auriparus flaviceps.
Colibri thalassinus.
Vireo bellii.
Vireo atricapilla.
Vireo altiloquus.
Vireo solitarius.
Vireo cassinii.
Vireo gundlachii.
Vireo vicinior.
Vireo huttoni.
Vireo philadelphicus.
Vireo plumbeus.
Vireo latimeri.
Vireo olivaceus.
Vireo crassirostris.
Vireo gilvus.
Vireo griseus.
Vireo flavoviridis.
Vireo flavifrons.
Vireo magister.
Coragyps atratus.
Cathartes aura.
Motacilla citreola.
Motacilla tschutschensis.
Motacilla cinerea.
Motacilla alba.
Setophaga adelaidae.
Acrocephalus nijoi.
Phylloscopus borealis.
Vermivora bachmanii.
Setophaga castanea.
Mniotilta varia.
Setophaga fusca.
Setophaga striata.
Setophaga caerulescens.
Setophaga nigrescens.
Setophaga virens.
Vermivora cyanoptera.
Acrocephalus dumetorum.
Cardellina canadensis.
Setophaga tigrina.
Setophaga cerulea.
Setophaga pensylvanica.
Leiothlypis crissalis.
Oporornis agilis.
Oreothlypis superciliosa.
Phylloscopus fuscatus.
Setophaga angelae.
Basileuterus lachrymosus.
Setophaga chrysoparia.
Basileuterus culicivorus.
Vermivora chrysoptera.
Setophaga graciae.
Setophaga occidentalis.
Setophaga citrina.
Phylloscopus examinandus.
E:\FR\FM\12DEP1.SGM
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75999
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Waterthrush ........................................................
Waxwing .............................................................
Wheatear ............................................................
Whimbrel ............................................................
Whip-poor-will .....................................................
Whistling-Duck ....................................................
Whitethroat .........................................................
Wigeon ...............................................................
Willet ...................................................................
Woodcock ...........................................................
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Woodpecker .......................................................
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Kentucky Warbler .............................................
Kirtland’s Warbler .............................................
Lanceolated Warbler ........................................
Lucy’s Warbler .................................................
MacGillivray’s Warbler .....................................
Magnolia Warbler .............................................
Middendorff’s Grasshopper Warbler ................
Mourning Warbler ............................................
Nashville Warbler .............................................
Nightingale Reed Warbler ................................
Olive Warbler ...................................................
Orange-crowned Warbler .................................
Pagan Reed Warbler .......................................
Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler .........................
Pallas’s Leaf Warbler .......................................
Palm Warbler ...................................................
Pine Warbler ....................................................
Prairie Warbler .................................................
Prothonotary Warbler .......................................
Red-faced Warbler ...........................................
River Warbler ...................................................
Rufous-capped Warbler ...................................
Saipan Reed warbler .......................................
Sedge Warbler .................................................
Swainson’s Warbler .........................................
Tennessee Warbler ..........................................
Thick-billed Warbler .........................................
Townsend’s Warbler ........................................
Virginia’s Warbler .............................................
Willow Warbler .................................................
Wilson’s Warbler ..............................................
Wood Warbler ..................................................
Worm-eating Warbler .......................................
Yellow Warbler .................................................
Yellow-browed Warbler ....................................
Yellow-rumped Warbler ...................................
Yellow-throated Warbler ..................................
Louisiana Waterthrush .....................................
Northern Waterthrush ......................................
Bohemian Waxwing .........................................
Cedar Waxwing ................................................
Northern Wheatear ..........................................
Pied Wheatear .................................................
Whimbrel ..........................................................
Eastern Whip-poor-will .....................................
Mexican Whip-poor-will ....................................
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck ............................
Fulvous Whistling-Duck ...................................
West Indian Whistling-Duck .............................
Lesser Whitethroat ...........................................
American Wigeon .............................................
Eurasian Wigeon ..............................................
Willet ................................................................
American Woodcock ........................................
Eurasian Woodcock .........................................
Acorn Woodpecker ..........................................
American Three-toed Woodpecker ..................
Arizona Woodpecker ........................................
Black-backed Woodpecker ..............................
Downy Woodpecker .........................................
Gila Woodpecker .............................................
Golden-fronted Woodpecker ............................
Great Spotted Woodpecker .............................
Hairy Woodpecker ...........................................
Ivory-billed Woodpecker ..................................
Ladder-backed Woodpecker ............................
Lewis’s Woodpecker ........................................
Nuttall’s Woodpecker .......................................
Pileated Woodpecker .......................................
Puerto Rican Woodpecker ...............................
Red-bellied Woodpecker ..................................
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Species scientific name
Geothlypis formosa.
Setophaga kirtlandii.
Locustella lanceolata.
Leiothlypis luciae.
Geothlypis tolmiei.
Setophaga magnolia.
Helopsaltes ochotensis.
Geothlypis philadelphia.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla.
Acrocephalus luscinius.
Peucedramus taeniatus.
Leiothlypis celata.
Acrocephalus yamashinae.
Helopsaltes certhiola.
Phylloscopus proregulus.
Setophaga palmarum.
Setophaga pinus.
Setophaga discolor.
Protonotaria citrea.
Cardellina rubrifrons.
Locustella fluviatilis.
Basileuterus rufifrons.
Acrocephalus hiwae.
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus.
Limnothlypis swainsonii.
Leiothlypis peregrina.
Arundinax aedon.
Setophaga townsendi.
Leiothlypis virginiae.
Phylloscopus trochilus.
Cardellina pusilla.
Phylloscopus sibilatrix.
Helmitheros vermivorum.
Setophaga petechia.
Phylloscopus inornatus.
Setophaga coronata.
Setophaga dominica.
Parkesia motacilla.
Parkesia noveboracensis.
Bombycilla garrulus.
Bombycilla cedrorum.
Oenanthe oenanthe.
Oenanthe pleschanka.
Numenius phaeopus.
Antrostomus vociferus.
Antrostomus arizonae.
Dendrocygna autumnalis.
Dendrocygna bicolor.
Dendrocygna arborea.
Sylvia curruca.
Mareca americana.
Mareca penelope.
Tringa semipalmata.
Scolopax minor.
Scolopax rusticola.
Melanerpes formicivorus.
Picoides dorsalis.
Dryobates arizonae.
Picoides arcticus.
Dryobates pubescens.
Melanerpes uropygialis.
Melanerpes aurifrons.
Dendrocopos major.
Dryobates villosus.
Campephilus principalis.
Dryobates scalaris.
Melanerpes lewis.
Dryobates nuttallii.
Dryocopus pileatus.
Melanerpes portoricensis.
Melanerpes carolinus.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)—ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Common name group
Species common name
Wood-Pewee ......................................................
Wood-Rail ...........................................................
Woodstar ............................................................
Wren ...................................................................
Wrentit ................................................................
Wryneck ..............................................................
Yellowlegs ..........................................................
Yellowthroat ........................................................
(2) Taxonomic listing. The table lists
species in phylogenetic sequence by
scientific name, with the common
Red-cockaded Woodpecker .............................
Red-headed Woodpecker ................................
White-headed Woodpecker .............................
Eastern Wood-Pewee ......................................
Western Wood-Pewee .....................................
Rufous-necked Wood-Rail ...............................
Bahama Woodstar ...........................................
Bewick’s Wren .................................................
Cactus Wren ....................................................
Canyon Wren ...................................................
Carolina Wren ..................................................
House Wren .....................................................
Marsh Wren .....................................................
Pacific Wren .....................................................
Rock Wren .......................................................
Sedge Wren .....................................................
Sinaloa Wren ...................................................
Winter Wren .....................................................
Wrentit ..............................................................
Eurasian Wryneck ............................................
Greater Yellowlegs ...........................................
Lesser Yellowlegs ............................................
Common Yellowthroat ......................................
Gray-crowned Yellowthroat ..............................
(English) name following the scientific
name. To help clarify species
relationships, we also provide the
Species scientific name
Dryobates borealis.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus.
Dryobates albolarvatus.
Contopus virens.
Contopus sordidulus.
Aramides axillaris.
Nesophlox evelynae.
Thryomanes bewickii.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus.
Catherpes mexicanus.
Thryothorus ludovicianus.
Troglodytes aedon.
Cistothorus palustris.
Troglodytes pacificus.
Salpinctes obsoletus.
Cistothorus stellaris.
Thryophilus sinaloa.
Troglodytes hiemalis.
Chamaea fasciata.
Jynx torquilla.
Tringa melanoleuca.
Tringa flavipes.
Geothlypis trichas.
Geothlypis poliocephala
higher-level taxonomic categories of
Order, Family, and Subfamily.
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT
Species scientific name
Species common name
(i) Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae
Subfamily Dendrocygninae
Dendrocygna autumnalis ..........................................................................
Dendrocygna arborea ...............................................................................
Dendrocygna bicolor .................................................................................
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck.
West Indian Whistling-Duck.
Fulvous Whistling-Duck.
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(2) Subfamily Anserinae
Anser canagicus .......................................................................................
Anser caerulescens ..................................................................................
Anser rossii ...............................................................................................
Anser albifrons ..........................................................................................
Anser erythropus ......................................................................................
Anser fabalis .............................................................................................
Anser serrirostris ......................................................................................
Anser brachyrhynchus ..............................................................................
Branta bernicla .........................................................................................
Branta leucopsis .......................................................................................
Branta hutchinsii .......................................................................................
Branta canadensis ....................................................................................
Branta sandvicensis .................................................................................
Cygnus buccinator ....................................................................................
Cygnus columbianus ................................................................................
Cygnus cygnus .........................................................................................
Emperor Goose.
Snow Goose.
Ross’s Goose.
Greater White-fronted Goose.
Lesser White-fronted Goose.
Taiga Bean-Goose.
Tundra Bean-Goose.
Pink-footed Goose.
Brant.
Barnacle Goose.
Cackling Goose.
Canada Goose.
Hawaiian Goose.
Trumpeter Swan.
Tundra Swan.
Whooper Swan.
(3) Subfamily Anatinae
Cairina moschata ......................................................................................
Aix sponsa ................................................................................................
Sibirionetta formosa ..................................................................................
Spatula querquedula ................................................................................
Spatula discors .........................................................................................
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Muscovy Duck.
Wood Duck.
Baikal Teal.
Garganey.
Blue-winged Teal.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Spatula cyanoptera ...................................................................................
Spatula clypeata .......................................................................................
Mareca strepera .......................................................................................
Mareca falcata ..........................................................................................
Mareca penelope ......................................................................................
Mareca americana ....................................................................................
Anas laysanensis ......................................................................................
Anas wyvilliana .........................................................................................
Anas zonorhyncha ....................................................................................
Anas platyrhynchos ..................................................................................
Anas diazi .................................................................................................
Anas rubripes ...........................................................................................
Anas fulvigula ...........................................................................................
Anas superciliosa .....................................................................................
Anas bahamensis .....................................................................................
Anas acuta ................................................................................................
Anas crecca ..............................................................................................
Aythya valisineria ......................................................................................
Aythya americana .....................................................................................
Aythya ferina .............................................................................................
Aythya baeri ..............................................................................................
Aythya collaris ..........................................................................................
Aythya fuligula ..........................................................................................
Aythya marila ............................................................................................
Aythya affinis ............................................................................................
Polysticta stelleri .......................................................................................
Somateria fischeri .....................................................................................
Somateria spectabilis ...............................................................................
Somateria mollissima ...............................................................................
Histrionicus histrionicus ............................................................................
Melanitta perspicillata ...............................................................................
Melanitta deglandi ....................................................................................
Melanitta stejneger ...................................................................................
Melanitta nigra ..........................................................................................
Melanitta americana .................................................................................
Clangula hyemalis ....................................................................................
Bucephala albeola ....................................................................................
Bucephala clangula ..................................................................................
Bucephala islandica ..................................................................................
Mergellus albellus .....................................................................................
Lophodytes cucullatus ..............................................................................
Mergus merganser ...................................................................................
Mergus serrator ........................................................................................
Nomonyx dominicus .................................................................................
Oxyura jamaicensis ..................................................................................
Cinnamon Teal.
Northern Shoveler.
Gadwall.
Falcated Duck.
Eurasian Wigeon.
American Wigeon
Laysan Duck.
Hawaiian Duck.
Eastern Spot-billed Duck.
Mallard.
Mexican Duck.
American Black Duck.
Mottled Duck.
Pacific Black Duck.
White-cheeked Pintail.
Northern Pintail.
Green-winged Teal.
Canvasback.
Redhead.
Common Pochard.
Baer’s Pochard.
Ring-necked Duck.
Tufted Duck.
Greater Scaup.
Lesser Scaup.
Steller’s Eider.
Spectacled Eider.
King Eider.
Common Eider.
Harlequin Duck.
Surf Scoter.
White-winged Scoter.
Stejneger’s Scoter.
Common Scoter.
Black Scoter.
Long-tailed Duck.
Bufflehead.
Common Goldeneye.
Barrow’s Goldeneye.
Smew.
Hooded Merganser.
Common Merganser.
Red-breasted Merganser.
Masked Duck.
Ruddy Duck.
(ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
Family Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus ruber ...............................................................................
American Flamingo.
(iii) Order Podicipediformes
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Family Podicipedidae
Tachybaptus dominicus ............................................................................
Podilymbus podiceps ................................................................................
Podiceps auritus .......................................................................................
Podiceps grisegena ..................................................................................
Podiceps nigricollis ...................................................................................
Aechmophorus occidentalis ......................................................................
Aechmophorus clarkii ...............................................................................
Least Grebe.
Pied-billed Grebe.
Horned Grebe.
Red-necked Grebe.
Eared Grebe.
Western Grebe.
Clark’s Grebe.
(iv) Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Patagioenas squamosa ............................................................................
Patagioenas leucocephala .......................................................................
Patagioenas flavirostris ............................................................................
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Scaly-naped Pigeon.
White-crowned Pigeon.
Red-billed Pigeon.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Patagioenas inornata ................................................................................
Patagioenas fasciata ................................................................................
Streptopelia orientalis ...............................................................................
Alopecoenas stairi ....................................................................................
Alopecoenas xanthonurus ........................................................................
Columbina inca .........................................................................................
Columbina passerina ................................................................................
Columbina talpacoti ..................................................................................
Geotrygon montana ..................................................................................
Geotrygon chrysia ....................................................................................
Geotrygon mystacea ................................................................................
Leptotila verreauxi ....................................................................................
Zenaida asiatica .......................................................................................
Zenaida aurita ...........................................................................................
Zenaida macroura ....................................................................................
Ptilinopus perousii ....................................................................................
Ptilinopus porphyraceus ...........................................................................
Ptilinopus roseicapilla ...............................................................................
Ducula pacifica .........................................................................................
Plain Pigeon.
Band-tailed Pigeon.
Oriental Turtle-Dove.
Shy Ground Dove.
White-throated Ground Dove.
Inca Dove.
Common Ground Dove.
Ruddy Ground Dove.
Ruddy Quail-Dove.
Key West Quail-Dove.
Bridled Quail-Dove.
White-tipped Dove.
White-winged Dove.
Zenaida Dove.
Mourning Dove.
Many-colored Fruit-Dove.
Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
Mariana Fruit-Dove.
Pacific Imperial-Pigeon.
(v) Order Cuculiformes
Family Cuculidae
(1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
Crotophaga ani .........................................................................................
Crotophaga sulcirostris .............................................................................
Smooth-billed Ani.
Groove-billed Ani.
(2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
Geococcyx californianus ...........................................................................
Greater Roadrunner.
(3) Subfamily Cuculinae
Urodynamis taitensis ................................................................................
Hierococcyx nisicolor ................................................................................
Cuculus canorus .......................................................................................
Cuculus optatus ........................................................................................
Clamator coromandus ..............................................................................
Coccyzus melacoryphus ...........................................................................
Coccyzus americanus ..............................................................................
Coccyzus minor ........................................................................................
Coccyzus erythropthalmus .......................................................................
Coccyzus vieilloti ......................................................................................
Long-tailed Koel.
Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo.
Common Cuckoo.
Oriental Cuckoo.
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo.
Dark-billed Cuckoo.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Mangrove Cuckoo.
Black-billed Cuckoo.
Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
(vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgidae
(1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
Chordeiles acutipennis .............................................................................
Chordeiles minor ......................................................................................
Chordeiles gundlachii ...............................................................................
Lesser Nighthawk.
Common Nighthawk.
Antillean Nighthawk.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
Nyctidromus albicollis ...............................................................................
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii ..............................................................................
Antrostomus carolinensis .........................................................................
Antrostomus ridgwayi ...............................................................................
Antrostomus vociferus ..............................................................................
Antrostomus arizonae ...............................................................................
Antrostomus noctitherus ...........................................................................
Hydropsalis cayennensis ..........................................................................
Caprimulgus jotaka ...................................................................................
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Common Pauraque.
Common Poorwill.
Chuck-will’s-widow.
Buff-collared Nightjar.
Eastern Whip-poor-will.
Mexican Whip-poor-will.
Puerto Rican Nightjar.
White-tailed Nightjar.
Gray Nightjar.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(vii) Order Apodiformes
(A) Family Apodidae
(1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
Cypseloides niger .....................................................................................
Streptoprocne zonaris ..............................................................................
Black Swift.
White-collared Swift.
(2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
Chaetura pelagica ....................................................................................
Chaetura vauxi .........................................................................................
Chaetura brachyura ..................................................................................
Hirundapus caudacutus ............................................................................
Aerodramus spodiopygius ........................................................................
Aerodramus bartschi ................................................................................
Chimney Swift.
Vaux’s Swift.
Short-tailed Swift.
White-throated Needletail.
White-rumped Swiftlet.
Mariana Swiftlet.
(3) Subfamily Apodinae
Apus apus .................................................................................................
Apus pacificus ..........................................................................................
Apus melba ...............................................................................................
Aeronautes saxatalis ................................................................................
Tachornis phoenicobia .............................................................................
Common Swift.
Fork-tailed Swift.
Alpine Swift.
White-throated Swift.
Antillean Palm-Swift.
(B) Family Trochilidae
Subfamily Trochilinae
Colibri thalassinus ....................................................................................
Anthracothorax prevostii ...........................................................................
Anthracothorax aurulentus .......................................................................
Anthracothorax viridis ...............................................................................
Eulampis jugularis ....................................................................................
Eulampis holosericeus ..............................................................................
Eugenes fulgens .......................................................................................
Heliomaster constantii ..............................................................................
Lampornis amethystinus ...........................................................................
Lampornis clemenciae ..............................................................................
Calothorax lucifer ......................................................................................
Archilochus colubris ..................................................................................
Archilochus alexandri ...............................................................................
Mellisuga minima ......................................................................................
Nesophlox evelynae .................................................................................
Calypte anna ............................................................................................
Calypte costae ..........................................................................................
Selasphorus calliope ................................................................................
Selasphorus rufus .....................................................................................
Selasphorus sasin ....................................................................................
Selasphorus platycercus ..........................................................................
Selasphorus heloisa .................................................................................
Riccordia maugaeus .................................................................................
Cynanthus latirostris .................................................................................
Basilinna leucotis ......................................................................................
Basilinna xantusii ......................................................................................
Orthorhyncus cristatus ..............................................................................
Ramosomyia violiceps ..............................................................................
Saucerottia beryllina .................................................................................
Amazilia rutila ...........................................................................................
Amazilia yucatanensis ..............................................................................
Mexican Violetear.
Green-breasted Mango.
Puerto Rican Mango.
Green Mango.
Purple-throated Carib.
Green-throated Carib.
Rivoli’s Hummingbird.
Plain-capped Starthroat.
Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
Lucifer Hummingbird.
Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Black-chinned Hummingbird.
Vervain Hummingbird.
Bahama Woodstar.
Anna’s Hummingbird.
Costa’s Hummingbird.
Calliope Hummingbird.
Rufous Hummingbird.
Allen’s Hummingbird.
Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
Bumblebee Hummingbird.
Puerto Rican Emerald.
Broad-billed Hummingbird.
White-eared Hummingbird.
Xantus’s Hummingbird.
Antillean Crested Hummingbird.
Violet-crowned Hummingbird.
Berylline Hummingbird.
Cinnamon Hummingbird.
Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(viii) Order Gruiformes
(A) Family Rallidae
Gallirallus philippensis ..............................................................................
Gallirallus owstoni .....................................................................................
Neocrex erythrops ....................................................................................
Pardirallus maculatus ...............................................................................
Aramides axillaris .....................................................................................
Rallus obsoletus .......................................................................................
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Buff-banded Rail.
Guam Rail.
Paint-billed Crake.
Spotted Rail.
Rufous-necked Wood-Rail.
Ridgway’s Rail.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Rallus elegans ..........................................................................................
Rallus crepitans ........................................................................................
Rallus limicola ...........................................................................................
Crex crex ..................................................................................................
Porzana carolina .......................................................................................
Gallinula galeata .......................................................................................
Gallinula chloropus ...................................................................................
Fulica atra .................................................................................................
Fulica alai .................................................................................................
Fulica americana ......................................................................................
Porphyrio martinicus .................................................................................
Porphyrio flavirostris .................................................................................
Porphyrio porphyrio ..................................................................................
Porzana tabuensis ....................................................................................
Coturnicops noveboracensis ....................................................................
Hapalocrex flaviventer ..............................................................................
Laterallus jamaicensis ..............................................................................
King Rail.
Clapper Rail.
Virginia Rail.
Corn Crake.
Sora.
Common Gallinule.
Eurasian Moorhen.
Eurasian Coot.
Hawaiian Coot.
American Coot.
Purple Gallinule.
Azure Gallinule.
Purple Swamphen.
Spotless Crake.
Yellow Rail.
Yellow-breasted Crake.
Black Rail.
(B) Family Aramidae
Aramus guarauna .....................................................................................
Limpkin.
(C) Family Gruidae
Subfamily Gruinae
Antigone canadensis ................................................................................
Grus grus ..................................................................................................
Grus monacha ..........................................................................................
Grus americana ........................................................................................
Sandhill Crane.
Common Crane.
Hooded Crane.
Whooping Crane.
(ix) Order Charadriiformes
(A) Family Recurvirostridae
Himantopus himantopus ...........................................................................
Himantopus mexicanus ............................................................................
Recurvirostra americana ..........................................................................
Black-winged Stilt.
Black-necked Stilt.
American Avocet.
(B) Family Haematopodidae
Haematopus ostralegus ............................................................................
Haematopus palliatus ...............................................................................
Haematopus bachmani .............................................................................
Eurasian Oystercatcher.
American Oystercatcher.
Black Oystercatcher.
(C) Family Charadriidae
(1) Subfamily Vanellinae
Vanellus vanellus ......................................................................................
Northern Lapwing.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(2) Subfamily Charadriinae
Pluvialis squatarola ...................................................................................
Pluvialis apricaria ......................................................................................
Pluvialis dominica .....................................................................................
Pluvialis fulva ............................................................................................
Charadrius morinellus ...............................................................................
Charadrius vociferus .................................................................................
Charadrius hiaticula ..................................................................................
Charadrius semipalmatus .........................................................................
Charadrius melodus .................................................................................
Charadrius dubius ....................................................................................
Charadrius mongolus ...............................................................................
Charadrius leschenaultii ...........................................................................
Charadrius wilsonia ..................................................................................
Charadrius collaris ....................................................................................
Charadrius alexandrinus ...........................................................................
Charadrius montanus ...............................................................................
Charadrius nivosus ...................................................................................
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Black-bellied Plover.
European Golden-Plover.
American Golden-Plover.
Pacific Golden-Plover.
Eurasian Dotterel.
Killdeer.
Common Ringed Plover.
Semipalmated Plover.
Piping Plover.
Little Ringed Plover.
Lesser Sand-Plover.
Greater Sand-Plover.
Wilson’s Plover.
Collared Plover.
Kentish Plover.
Mountain Plover.
Snowy Plover.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(D) Family Jacanidae
Jacana spinosa .........................................................................................
Northern Jacana.
(E) Family Scolopacidae
(1) Subfamily Numeniinae
Bartramia longicauda ................................................................................
Numenius tahitiensis ................................................................................
Numenius phaeopus .................................................................................
Numenius minutus ....................................................................................
Numenius borealis ....................................................................................
Numenius americanus ..............................................................................
Numenius madagascariensis ...................................................................
Numenius arquata ....................................................................................
Upland Sandpiper.
Bristle-thighed Curlew.
Whimbrel.
Little Curlew.
Eskimo Curlew.
Long-billed Curlew.
Far Eastern Curlew.
Eurasian Curlew.
(2) Subfamily Limosinae
Limosa
Limosa
Limosa
Limosa
lapponica ......................................................................................
limosa ...........................................................................................
haemastica ...................................................................................
fedoa ............................................................................................
Bar-tailed Godwit.
Black-tailed Godwit.
Hudsonian Godwit.
Marbled Godwit.
(3) Subfamily Arenariinae
Arenaria interpres .....................................................................................
Arenaria melanocephala ...........................................................................
Calidris tenuirostris ...................................................................................
Calidris canutus ........................................................................................
Calidris virgata ..........................................................................................
Calidris pugnax .........................................................................................
Calidris falcinellus .....................................................................................
Calidris acuminata ....................................................................................
Calidris himantopus ..................................................................................
Calidris ferruginea ....................................................................................
Calidris temminckii ....................................................................................
Calidris subminuta ....................................................................................
Calidris pygmea ........................................................................................
Calidris ruficollis ........................................................................................
Calidris alba ..............................................................................................
Calidris alpina ...........................................................................................
Calidris ptilocnemis ...................................................................................
Calidris maritima .......................................................................................
Calidris bairdii ...........................................................................................
Calidris minuta ..........................................................................................
Calidris minutilla .......................................................................................
Calidris fuscicollis .....................................................................................
Calidris subruficollis ..................................................................................
Calidris melanotos ....................................................................................
Calidris pusilla ..........................................................................................
Calidris mauri ............................................................................................
Ruddy Turnstone.
Black Turnstone.
Great Knot.
Red Knot.
Surfbird.
Ruff.
Broad-billed Sandpiper.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
Stilt Sandpiper.
Curlew Sandpiper.
Temminck’s Stint.
Long-toed Stint.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
Red-necked Stint.
Sanderling.
Dunlin.
Rock Sandpiper.
Purple Sandpiper.
Baird’s Sandpiper.
Little Stint.
Least Sandpiper.
White-rumped Sandpiper.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Pectoral Sandpiper.
Semipalmated Sandpiper.
Western Sandpiper.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
Limnodromus griseus ...............................................................................
Limnodromus scolopaceus .......................................................................
Lymnocryptes minimus .............................................................................
Scolopax rusticola ....................................................................................
Scolopax minor .........................................................................................
Gallinago solitaria .....................................................................................
Gallinago stenura .....................................................................................
Gallinago megala ......................................................................................
Gallinago gallinago ...................................................................................
Gallinago delicata .....................................................................................
Short-billed Dowitcher.
Long-billed Dowitcher.
Jack Snipe.
Eurasian Woodcock.
American Woodcock.
Solitary Snipe.
Pin-tailed Snipe.
Swinhoe’s Snipe.
Common Snipe.
Wilson’s Snipe.
(5) Subfamily Tringinae
Xenus cinereus .........................................................................................
Actitis hypoleucos .....................................................................................
Actitis macularius ......................................................................................
Tringa ochropus ........................................................................................
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Terek Sandpiper.
Common Sandpiper.
Spotted Sandpiper.
Green Sandpiper.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Tringa solitaria ..........................................................................................
Tringa brevipes .........................................................................................
Tringa incana ............................................................................................
Tringa flavipes ..........................................................................................
Tringa semipalmata ..................................................................................
Tringa erythropus .....................................................................................
Tringa nebularia ........................................................................................
Tringa guttifer ...........................................................................................
Tringa melanoleuca ..................................................................................
Tringa totanus ...........................................................................................
Tringa glareola ..........................................................................................
Tringa stagnatilis ......................................................................................
Phalaropus tricolor ....................................................................................
Phalaropus lobatus ...................................................................................
Phalaropus fulicarius ................................................................................
Solitary Sandpiper.
Gray-tailed Tattler.
Wandering Tattler.
Lesser Yellowlegs.
Willet.
Spotted Redshank.
Common Greenshank.
Nordmann’s Greenshank.
Greater Yellowlegs.
Common Redshank.
Wood Sandpiper.
Marsh Sandpiper.
Wilson’s Phalarope.
Red-necked Phalarope.
Red Phalarope.
(F) Family Stercorariidae
Stercorarius
Stercorarius
Stercorarius
Stercorarius
Stercorarius
skua ......................................................................................
maccormicki .........................................................................
pomarinus ............................................................................
parasiticus ............................................................................
longicaudus ..........................................................................
Great Skua.
South Polar Skua.
Pomarine Jaeger.
Parasitic Jaeger.
Long-tailed Jaeger.
(G) Family Alcidae
Alle alle .....................................................................................................
Uria aalge .................................................................................................
Uria lomvia ................................................................................................
Alca torda .................................................................................................
Cepphus grylle ..........................................................................................
Cepphus columba .....................................................................................
Brachyramphus perdix ..............................................................................
Brachyramphus marmoratus ....................................................................
Brachyramphus brevirostris ......................................................................
Synthliboramphus scrippsi ........................................................................
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus ..................................................................
Synthliboramphus craveri .........................................................................
Synthliboramphus antiquus ......................................................................
Ptychoramphus aleuticus .........................................................................
Aethia psittacula .......................................................................................
Aethia pusilla ............................................................................................
Aethia pygmaea ........................................................................................
Aethia cristatella .......................................................................................
Cerorhinca monocerata ............................................................................
Fratercula arctica ......................................................................................
Fratercula corniculata ...............................................................................
Fratercula cirrhata ....................................................................................
Dovekie.
Common Murre.
Thick-billed Murre.
Razorbill.
Black Guillemot.
Pigeon Guillemot.
Long-billed Murrelet.
Marbled Murrelet.
Kittlitz’s Murrelet.
Scripps’s Murrelet.
Guadalupe Murrelet.
Craveri’s Murrelet.
Ancient Murrelet.
Cassin’s Auklet.
Parakeet Auklet.
Least Auklet.
Whiskered Auklet.
Crested Auklet.
Rhinoceros Auklet.
Atlantic Puffin.
Horned Puffin.
Tufted Puffin.
(H) Family Laridae
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(1) Subfamily Larinae
Creagrus furcatus .....................................................................................
Rissa tridactyla .........................................................................................
Rissa brevirostris ......................................................................................
Pagophila eburnea ...................................................................................
Xema sabini ..............................................................................................
Chroicocephalus philadelphia ...................................................................
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus ................................................................
Chroicocephalus ridibundus .....................................................................
Hydrocoloeus minutus ..............................................................................
Rhodostethia rosea ..................................................................................
Leucophaeus atricilla ................................................................................
Leucophaeus pipixcan ..............................................................................
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus ............................................................................
Larus belcheri ...........................................................................................
Larus crassirostris ....................................................................................
Larus heermanni .......................................................................................
Larus canus ..............................................................................................
Larus brachyrhynchus ..............................................................................
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Swallow-tailed Gull.
Black-legged Kittiwake.
Red-legged Kittiwake.
Ivory Gull.
Sabine’s Gull.
Bonaparte’s Gull.
Gray-hooded Gull.
Black-headed Gull.
Little Gull.
Ross’s Gull.
Laughing Gull.
Franklin’s Gull.
Pallas’s Gull.
Belcher’s Gull.
Black-tailed Gull.
Heermann’s Gull.
Common Gull.
Short-billed Gull.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Larus
Species common name
delawarensis ...................................................................................
occidentalis .....................................................................................
livens ..............................................................................................
californicus ......................................................................................
argentatus .......................................................................................
michahellis ......................................................................................
glaucoides ......................................................................................
fuscus .............................................................................................
schistisagus ....................................................................................
glaucescens ....................................................................................
hyperboreus ....................................................................................
marinus ...........................................................................................
dominicanus ...................................................................................
Ring-billed Gull.
Western Gull.
Yellow-footed Gull.
California Gull.
Herring Gull.
Yellow-legged Gull.
Iceland Gull.
Lesser Black-backed Gull.
Slaty-backed Gull.
Glaucous-winged Gull.
Glaucous Gull.
Great Black-backed Gull.
Kelp Gull.
(2) Subfamily Sterninae
Anous stolidus ..........................................................................................
Anous minutus ..........................................................................................
Anous ceruleus .........................................................................................
Gygis alba .................................................................................................
Onychoprion fuscatus ...............................................................................
Onychoprion lunatus .................................................................................
Onychoprion anaethetus ..........................................................................
Onychoprion aleuticus ..............................................................................
Sternula albifrons ......................................................................................
Sternula antillarum ....................................................................................
Phaetusa simplex .....................................................................................
Gelochelidon nilotica ................................................................................
Hydroprogne caspia .................................................................................
Larosterna inca .........................................................................................
Chlidonias niger ........................................................................................
Chlidonias leucopterus .............................................................................
Chlidonias hybrida ....................................................................................
Sterna dougallii .........................................................................................
Sterna sumatrana .....................................................................................
Sterna hirundo ..........................................................................................
Sterna paradisaea ....................................................................................
Sterna forsteri ...........................................................................................
Thalasseus maximus ................................................................................
Thalasseus bergii .....................................................................................
Thalasseus sandvicensis ..........................................................................
Thalasseus elegans ..................................................................................
Brown Noddy.
Black Noddy.
Blue-gray Noddy.
White Tern.
Sooty Tern.
Gray-backed Tern.
Bridled Tern.
Aleutian Tern.
Little Tern.
Least Tern.
Large-billed Tern.
Gull-billed Tern.
Caspian Tern.
Inca Tern.
Black Tern.
White-winged Tern.
Whiskered Tern.
Roseate Tern.
Black-naped Tern.
Common Tern.
Arctic Tern.
Forster’s Tern.
Royal Tern.
Great Crested Tern.
Sandwich Tern.
Elegant Tern.
(3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
Rynchops niger .........................................................................................
Black Skimmer.
(x) Order Phaethontiformes
Family Phaethontidae
Phaethon lepturus ....................................................................................
Phaethon aethereus .................................................................................
Phaethon rubricauda ................................................................................
White-tailed Tropicbird.
Red-billed Tropicbird.
Red-tailed Tropicbird.
(xi) Order Gaviiformes
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Family Gaviidae
Gavia
Gavia
Gavia
Gavia
Gavia
stellata ............................................................................................
arctica .............................................................................................
pacifica ...........................................................................................
immer .............................................................................................
adamsii ...........................................................................................
Red-throated Loon.
Arctic Loon.
Pacific Loon.
Common Loon.
Yellow-billed Loon.
(xii) Order Procellariiformes
(A) Family Diomedeidae
Thalassarche chlororhynchos ...................................................................
Thalassarche cauta ..................................................................................
Thalassarche eremita ...............................................................................
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Yellow-nosed Albatross.
White-capped Albatross.
Chatham Albatross.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Thalassarche salvini .................................................................................
Thalassarche melanophris .......................................................................
Phoebetria palpebrata ..............................................................................
Diomedea exulans ....................................................................................
Phoebastria immutabilis ...........................................................................
Phoebastria nigripes .................................................................................
Phoebastria albatrus .................................................................................
Salvin’s Albatross.
Black-browed Albatross.
Light-mantled Albatross.
Wandering Albatross.
Laysan Albatross.
Black-footed Albatross.
Short-tailed Albatross.
(B) Family Oceanitidae
Oceanites oceanicus ................................................................................
Pelagodroma marina ................................................................................
Fregetta grallaria ......................................................................................
Fregetta tropica ........................................................................................
Nesofregetta fuliginosa .............................................................................
Wilson’s Storm-Petrel.
White-faced Storm-Petrel.
White-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Polynesian Storm-Petrel.
(C) Family Hydrobatidae
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
Hydrobates
pelagicus ...............................................................................
furcatus .................................................................................
hornbyi ..................................................................................
monorhis ...............................................................................
leucorhous .............................................................................
socorroensis ..........................................................................
homochroa ............................................................................
castro ....................................................................................
tethys .....................................................................................
melania ..................................................................................
matsudairae ..........................................................................
tristrami .................................................................................
microsoma .............................................................................
European Storm-Petrel.
Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
Ringed Storm-Petrel.
Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel.
Leach’s Storm-Petrel.
Townsend’s Storm-Petrel.
Ashy Storm-Petrel.
Band-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Black Storm-Petrel.
Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel.
Tristram’s Storm-Petrel.
Least Storm-Petrel.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(D) Family Procellariidae
Macronectes halli ......................................................................................
Fulmarus glacialis .....................................................................................
Pterodroma gouldi ....................................................................................
Pterodroma solandri .................................................................................
Pterodroma neglecta ................................................................................
Pterodroma arminjoniana .........................................................................
Pterodroma heraldica ...............................................................................
Pterodroma ultima ....................................................................................
Pterodroma inexpectata ...........................................................................
Pterodroma cahow ...................................................................................
Pterodroma hasitata .................................................................................
Pterodroma externa ..................................................................................
Pterodroma sandwichensis ......................................................................
Pterodroma cervicalis ...............................................................................
Pterodroma hypoleuca .............................................................................
Pterodroma nigripennis ............................................................................
Pterodroma feae .......................................................................................
Pterodroma madeira .................................................................................
Pterodroma cookii .....................................................................................
Pterodroma leucoptera .............................................................................
Pterodroma longirostris ............................................................................
Pterodroma alba .......................................................................................
Pseudobulweria rostrata ...........................................................................
Bulweria bulwerii .......................................................................................
Bulweria fallax ..........................................................................................
Procellaria aequinoctialis ..........................................................................
Procellaria parkinsoni ...............................................................................
Calonectris leucomelas ............................................................................
Calonectris diomedea ...............................................................................
Calonectris edwardsii ...............................................................................
Ardenna pacifica .......................................................................................
Ardenna bulleri .........................................................................................
Ardenna tenuirostris .................................................................................
Ardenna grisea .........................................................................................
Ardenna gravis .........................................................................................
Ardenna creatopus ...................................................................................
Ardenna carneipes ...................................................................................
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Northern Giant-Petrel.
Northern Fulmar.
Gray-faced Petrel.
Providence Petrel.
Kermadec Petrel.
Trindade Petrel.
Herald Petrel.
Murphy’s Petrel.
Mottled Petrel.
Bermuda Petrel.
Black-capped Petrel.
Juan Fernandez Petrel.
Hawaiian Petrel.
White-necked Petrel.
Bonin Petrel.
Black-winged Petrel.
Fea’s Petrel.
Zino’s Petrel.
Cook’s Petrel.
Gould’s Petrel.
Stejneger’s Petrel.
Phoenix Petrel.
Tahiti Petrel.
Bulwer’s Petrel.
Jouanin’s Petrel.
White-chinned Petrel.
Parkinson’s Petrel.
Streaked Shearwater.
Cory’s Shearwater.
Cape Verde Shearwater.
Wedge-tailed Shearwater.
Buller’s Shearwater.
Short-tailed Shearwater.
Sooty Shearwater.
Great Shearwater.
Pink-footed Shearwater.
Flesh-footed Shearwater.
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Continued
Species scientific name
Puffinus
Puffinus
Puffinus
Puffinus
Puffinus
Puffinus
Puffinus
Species common name
nativitatis .....................................................................................
puffinus .......................................................................................
newelli .........................................................................................
bryani ..........................................................................................
opisthomelas ..............................................................................
lherminieri ...................................................................................
baroli ...........................................................................................
Christmas Shearwater.
Manx Shearwater.
Newell’s Shearwater.
Bryan’s Shearwater.
Black-vented Shearwater.
Audubon’s Shearwater.
Barolo Shearwater.
(xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
Family Ciconiidae
Jabiru mycteria .........................................................................................
Mycteria americana ..................................................................................
Jabiru.
Wood Stork.
(xiv) Order Suliformes
(A) Family Fregatidae
Fregata ariel .............................................................................................
Fregata magnificens .................................................................................
Fregata minor ...........................................................................................
Lesser Frigatebird.
Magnificent Frigatebird.
Great Frigatebird.
(B) Family Sulidae
Sula dactylatra ..........................................................................................
Sula granti ................................................................................................
Sula nebouxii ............................................................................................
Sula leucogaster .......................................................................................
Sula sula ...................................................................................................
Papasula abbotti .......................................................................................
Morus bassanus .......................................................................................
Masked Booby.
Nazca Booby.
Blue-footed Booby.
Brown Booby.
Red-footed Booby.
Abbott’s Booby.
Northern Gannet.
(C) Family Anhingidae
Anhinga anhinga .......................................................................................
Anhinga.
(D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
Microcarbo melanoleucos .........................................................................
Urile penicillatus .......................................................................................
Urile urile ..................................................................................................
Urile pelagicus ..........................................................................................
Phalacrocorax carbo .................................................................................
Nannopterum auritum ...............................................................................
Nannopterum brasilianum ........................................................................
Little Pied Cormorant.
Brandt’s Cormorant.
Red-faced Cormorant.
Pelagic Cormorant.
Great Cormorant.
Double-crested Cormorant.
Neotropic Cormorant.
(xv) Order Pelecaniformes
(A) Family Pelecanidae
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos ......................................................................
Pelecanus occidentalis .............................................................................
American White Pelican.
Brown Pelican.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(B) Family Ardeidae
Botaurus lentiginosus ...............................................................................
Ixobrychus sinensis ..................................................................................
Ixobrychus exilis .......................................................................................
Ixobrychus eurhythmus ............................................................................
Ixobrychus flavicollis .................................................................................
Tigrisoma mexicanum ..............................................................................
Ardea herodias .........................................................................................
Ardea cinerea ...........................................................................................
Ardea alba ................................................................................................
Ardea intermedia ......................................................................................
Egretta eulophotes ...................................................................................
Egretta garzetta ........................................................................................
Egretta sacra ............................................................................................
Egretta gularis ..........................................................................................
Egretta thula .............................................................................................
Egretta caerulea .......................................................................................
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American Bittern.
Yellow Bittern.
Least Bittern.
Schrenck’s Bittern.
Black Bittern.
Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.
Great Blue Heron.
Gray Heron.
Great Egret.
Intermediate Egret.
Chinese Egret.
Little Egret.
Pacific Reef-Heron.
Western Reef-Heron.
Snowy Egret.
Little Blue Heron.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Egretta tricolor ..........................................................................................
Egretta rufescens .....................................................................................
Bubulcus ibis ............................................................................................
Ardeola bacchus .......................................................................................
Butorides virescens ..................................................................................
Nycticorax nycticorax ................................................................................
Nycticorax caledonicus .............................................................................
Nyctanassa violacea .................................................................................
Gorsachius goisagi ...................................................................................
Gorsachius melanolophus ........................................................................
Tricolored Heron.
Reddish Egret.
Cattle Egret.
Chinese Pond-Heron.
Green Heron.
Black-crowned Night-Heron.
Nankeen Night-Heron.
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.
Japanese Night-Heron.
Malayan Night-Heron.
(C) Family Threskiornithidae
(1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
Eudocimus albus ......................................................................................
Eudocimus ruber ......................................................................................
Plegadis falcinellus ...................................................................................
Plegadis chihi ...........................................................................................
White Ibis.
Scarlet Ibis.
Glossy Ibis.
White-faced Ibis.
(2) Subfamily Plataleinae
Platalea ajaja ............................................................................................
Roseate Spoonbill.
(xvi) Order Carthartiformes
Family Cathartidae
Gymnogyps californianus .........................................................................
Coragyps atratus ......................................................................................
Cathartes aura ..........................................................................................
California Condor.
Black Vulture.
Turkey Vulture.
(xvii) Order Accipitriformes
(A) Family Pandionidae
Pandion haliaetus .....................................................................................
Osprey.
(B) Family Accipitridae
(1) Subfamily Elaninae
Elanus leucurus ........................................................................................
White-tailed Kite.
(2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
Chondrohierax uncinatus ..........................................................................
Elanoides forficatus ..................................................................................
Hook-billed Kite.
Swallow-tailed Kite.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
Aquila chrysaetos .....................................................................................
Harpagus bidentatus ................................................................................
Circus hudsonius ......................................................................................
Circus spilonotus ......................................................................................
Accipiter soloensis ....................................................................................
Accipiter gularis ........................................................................................
Accipiter striatus .......................................................................................
Accipiter cooperii ......................................................................................
Accipiter gentilis ........................................................................................
Milvus migrans ..........................................................................................
Haliaeetus leucocephalus .........................................................................
Haliaeetus albicilla ....................................................................................
Haliaeetus pelagicus ................................................................................
Ictinia mississippiensis .............................................................................
Butastur indicus ........................................................................................
Geranospiza caerulescens .......................................................................
Rostrhamus sociabilis ...............................................................................
Buteogallus anthracinus ...........................................................................
Buteogallus urubitinga ..............................................................................
Rupornis magnirostris ...............................................................................
Parabuteo unicinctus ................................................................................
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Golden Eagle.
Double-toothed Kite.
Northern Harrier.
Eastern Marsh-Harrier.
Chinese Sparrowhawk.
Japanese Sparrowhawk.
Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Cooper’s Hawk.
Northern Goshawk.
Black Kite.
Bald Eagle.
White-tailed Eagle.
Steller’s Sea-Eagle.
Mississippi Kite.
Gray-faced Buzzard.
Crane Hawk.
Snail Kite.
Common Black Hawk.
Great Black Hawk.
Roadside Hawk.
Harris’s Hawk.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Geranoaetus albicaudatus ........................................................................
Buteo plagiatus .........................................................................................
Buteo lineatus ...........................................................................................
Buteo platypterus ......................................................................................
Buteo solitarius .........................................................................................
Buteo brachyurus .....................................................................................
Buteo swainsoni .......................................................................................
Buteo albonotatus .....................................................................................
Buteo jamaicensis ....................................................................................
Buteo lagopus ...........................................................................................
Buteo regalis .............................................................................................
Buteo rufinus ............................................................................................
White-tailed Hawk.
Gray Hawk.
Red-shouldered Hawk.
Broad-winged Hawk.
Hawaiian Hawk.
Short-tailed Hawk.
Swainson’s Hawk.
Zone-tailed Hawk.
Red-tailed Hawk.
Rough-legged Hawk.
Ferruginous Hawk.
Long-legged Buzzard.
(xviii) Order Strigiformes
(A) Family Tytonidae
Tyto alba ...................................................................................................
Barn Owl.
(B) Family Strigidae
Otus sunia ................................................................................................
Psiloscops flammeolus .............................................................................
Gymnasio nudipes ....................................................................................
Megascops trichopsis ...............................................................................
Megascops kennicottii ..............................................................................
Megascops asio ........................................................................................
Bubo virginianus .......................................................................................
Bubo scandiacus ......................................................................................
Surnia ulula ...............................................................................................
Glaucidium gnoma ....................................................................................
Glaucidium brasilianum ............................................................................
Micrathene whitneyi ..................................................................................
Athene cunicularia ....................................................................................
Strix occidentalis .......................................................................................
Strix varia ..................................................................................................
Strix virgata ...............................................................................................
Strix nebulosa ...........................................................................................
Asio otus ...................................................................................................
Asio stygius ..............................................................................................
Asio flammeus ..........................................................................................
Aegolius funereus .....................................................................................
Aegolius acadicus .....................................................................................
Ninox japonica ..........................................................................................
Oriental Scops-Owl.
Flammulated Owl.
Puerto Rican Owl.
Whiskered Screech-Owl.
Western Screech-Owl.
Eastern Screech-Owl.
Great Horned Owl.
Snowy Owl.
Northern Hawk Owl.
Northern Pygmy-Owl.
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl.
Elf Owl.
Burrowing Owl.
Spotted Owl.
Barred Owl.
Mottled Owl.
Great Gray Owl.
Long-eared Owl.
Stygian Owl.
Short-eared Owl.
Boreal Owl.
Northern Saw-whet Owl.
Northern Boobook.
(xix) Order Trogoniformes
Family Trogonidae
Subfamily Trogoninae
Trogon elegans .........................................................................................
Euptilotis neoxenus ..................................................................................
Elegant Trogon.
Eared Quetzal.
(xx) Order Upupiformes
Family Upupidae
Upupa epops ............................................................................................
Eurasian Hoopoe.
(xxi) Order Coraciiformes
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Family Alcedinidae
(1) Subfamily Alcedininae
Alcedo atthis .............................................................................................
Common Kingfisher.
(2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
Todiramphus sacer ...................................................................................
Todiramphus cinnamominus ....................................................................
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Pacific Kingfisher.
Guam Kingfisher.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Todiramphus albicilla ................................................................................
Mariana Kingfisher.
(3) Subfamily Cerylinae
Megaceryle torquata .................................................................................
Megaceryle alcyon ....................................................................................
Chloroceryle amazona ..............................................................................
Chloroceryle americana ............................................................................
Ringed Kingfisher.
Belted Kingfisher.
Amazon Kingfisher.
Green Kingfisher.
(xxii) Order Piciformes
Family Picidae
(1) Subfamily Jynginae
Jynx torquilla .............................................................................................
Eurasian Wryneck.
(2) Subfamily Picinae
Melanerpes lewis ......................................................................................
Melanerpes portoricensis .........................................................................
Melanerpes erythrocephalus ....................................................................
Melanerpes formicivorus ..........................................................................
Melanerpes uropygialis .............................................................................
Melanerpes aurifrons ................................................................................
Melanerpes carolinus ...............................................................................
Sphyrapicus thyroideus ............................................................................
Sphyrapicus varius ...................................................................................
Sphyrapicus nuchalis ................................................................................
Sphyrapicus ruber ....................................................................................
Picoides dorsalis .......................................................................................
Picoides arcticus .......................................................................................
Dendrocopos major ..................................................................................
Dryobates pubescens ...............................................................................
Dryobates nuttallii .....................................................................................
Dryobates scalaris ....................................................................................
Dryobates borealis ....................................................................................
Dryobates villosus ....................................................................................
Dryobates albolarvatus .............................................................................
Dryobates arizonae ..................................................................................
Colaptes auratus ......................................................................................
Colaptes chrysoides .................................................................................
Dryocopus pileatus ...................................................................................
Campephilus principalis ............................................................................
Lewis’s Woodpecker.
Puerto Rican Woodpecker.
Red-headed Woodpecker.
Acorn Woodpecker.
Gila Woodpecker.
Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Williamson’s Sapsucker.
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Red-naped Sapsucker.
Red-breasted Sapsucker.
American Three-toed Woodpecker.
Black-backed Woodpecker.
Great Spotted Woodpecker.
Downy Woodpecker.
Nuttall’s Woodpecker.
Ladder-backed Woodpecker.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
Hairy Woodpecker.
White-headed Woodpecker.
Arizona Woodpecker.
Northern Flicker.
Gilded Flicker.
Pileated Woodpecker.
Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
(xxiii) Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
(1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
Micrastur semitorquatus ...........................................................................
Collared Forest-Falcon.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(2) Subfamily Falconinae
Caracara plancus .....................................................................................
Falco tinnunculus ......................................................................................
Falco sparverius .......................................................................................
Falco vespertinus .....................................................................................
Falco amurensis .......................................................................................
Falco columbarius ....................................................................................
Falco subbuteo .........................................................................................
Falco femoralis .........................................................................................
Falco rusticolus .........................................................................................
Falco peregrinus .......................................................................................
Falco mexicanus .......................................................................................
Crested Caracara.
Eurasian Kestrel.
American Kestrel.
Red-footed Falcon.
Amur Falcon.
Merlin.
Eurasian Hobby.
Aplomado Falcon.
Gyrfalcon.
Peregrine Falcon.
Prairie Falcon.
(xxiv) Order Passeriformes
(A) Family Tityridae
Tityra semifasciata ....................................................................................
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Pachyramphus major ................................................................................
Pachyramphus aglaiae .............................................................................
Gray-collared Becard.
Rose-throated Becard.
(B) Family Tyrannidae
(1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
Camptostoma imberbe .............................................................................
Myiopagis viridicata ..................................................................................
Elaenia martinica ......................................................................................
Elaenia albiceps .......................................................................................
Elaenia parvirostris ...................................................................................
Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
Greenish Elaenia.
Caribbean Elaenia.
White-crested Elaenia.
Small-billed Elaenia.
(2) Subfamily Tyranninae
Myiarchus tuberculifer ..............................................................................
Myiarchus cinerascens .............................................................................
Myiarchus nuttingi .....................................................................................
Myiarchus crinitus .....................................................................................
Myiarchus tyrannulus ................................................................................
Myiarchus sagrae .....................................................................................
Myiarchus antillarum .................................................................................
Pitangus sulphuratus ................................................................................
Myiozetetes similis ....................................................................................
Myiodynastes luteiventris .........................................................................
Legatus leucophaius .................................................................................
Empidonomus varius ................................................................................
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus .........................................................
Tyrannus melancholicus ...........................................................................
Tyrannus couchii ......................................................................................
Tyrannus vociferans .................................................................................
Tyrannus crassirostris ..............................................................................
Tyrannus verticalis ....................................................................................
Tyrannus tyrannus ....................................................................................
Tyrannus dominicensis .............................................................................
Tyrannus caudifasciatus ...........................................................................
Tyrannus forficatus ...................................................................................
Tyrannus savana ......................................................................................
Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Nutting’s Flycatcher.
Great Crested Flycatcher.
Brown-crested Flycatcher.
La Sagra’s Flycatcher.
Puerto Rican Flycatcher.
Great Kiskadee.
Social Flycatcher.
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
Piratic Flycatcher.
Variegated Flycatcher.
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher.
Tropical Kingbird.
Couch’s Kingbird.
Cassin’s Kingbird.
Thick-billed Kingbird.
Western Kingbird.
Eastern Kingbird.
Gray Kingbird.
Loggerhead Kingbird.
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
Mitrephanes phaeocercus ........................................................................
Contopus cooperi .....................................................................................
Contopus pertinax ....................................................................................
Contopus sordidulus .................................................................................
Contopus virens ........................................................................................
Contopus caribaeus ..................................................................................
Contopus hispaniolensis ...........................................................................
Contopus latirostris ...................................................................................
Empidonax flaviventris ..............................................................................
Empidonax virescens ...............................................................................
Empidonax alnorum ..................................................................................
Empidonax traillii ......................................................................................
Empidonax minimus .................................................................................
Empidonax hammondii .............................................................................
Empidonax wrightii ...................................................................................
Empidonax oberholseri .............................................................................
Empidonax affinis .....................................................................................
Empidonax difficilis ...................................................................................
Empidonax occidentalis ............................................................................
Empidonax fulvifrons ................................................................................
Sayornis nigricans ....................................................................................
Sayornis phoebe .......................................................................................
Sayornis saya ...........................................................................................
Pyrocephalus rubinus ...............................................................................
Tufted Flycatcher.
Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Greater Pewee.
Western Wood-Pewee.
Eastern Wood-Pewee.
Cuban Pewee.
Hispaniolan Pewee.
Lesser Antillean Pewee.
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Acadian Flycatcher.
Alder Flycatcher.
Willow Flycatcher.
Least Flycatcher.
Hammond’s Flycatcher.
Gray Flycatcher.
Dusky Flycatcher.
Pine Flycatcher.
Pacific-slope Flycatcher.
Cordilleran Flycatcher.
Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
Black Phoebe.
Eastern Phoebe.
Say’s Phoebe.
Vermilion Flycatcher.
(C) Family Vireonidae
Vireo atricapilla .........................................................................................
Vireo griseus .............................................................................................
Vireo crassirostris .....................................................................................
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Black-capped Vireo.
White-eyed Vireo.
Thick-billed Vireo.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Species common name
gundlachii ........................................................................................
latimeri .............................................................................................
bellii .................................................................................................
vicinior .............................................................................................
huttoni .............................................................................................
flavifrons ..........................................................................................
cassinii ............................................................................................
solitarius ..........................................................................................
plumbeus .........................................................................................
philadelphicus .................................................................................
gilvus ...............................................................................................
olivaceus .........................................................................................
flavoviridis .......................................................................................
altiloquus .........................................................................................
magister ..........................................................................................
Cuban Vireo.
Puerto Rican Vireo.
Bell’s Vireo.
Gray Vireo.
Hutton’s Vireo.
Yellow-throated Vireo.
Cassin’s Vireo.
Blue-headed Vireo.
Plumbeous Vireo.
Philadelphia Vireo.
Warbling Vireo.
Red-eyed Vireo.
Yellow-green Vireo.
Black-whiskered Vireo.
Yucatan Vireo.
(D) Family Laniidae
Lanius cristatus .........................................................................................
Lanius ludovicianus ..................................................................................
Lanius borealis .........................................................................................
Brown Shrike.
Loggerhead Shrike.
Northern Shrike.
(E) Family Corvidae
Perisoreus canadensis .............................................................................
Psilorhinus morio ......................................................................................
Cyanocorax yncas ....................................................................................
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus ...................................................................
Cyanocitta stelleri .....................................................................................
Cyanocitta cristata ....................................................................................
Aphelocoma coerulescens .......................................................................
Aphelocoma insularis ...............................................................................
Aphelocoma californica ............................................................................
Aphelocoma woodhouseii .........................................................................
Aphelocoma wollweberi ............................................................................
Nucifraga columbiana ...............................................................................
Pica hudsonia ...........................................................................................
Pica nuttalli ...............................................................................................
Corvus monedula .....................................................................................
Corvus kubaryi ..........................................................................................
Corvus brachyrhynchos ............................................................................
Corvus leucognaphalus ............................................................................
Corvus imparatus .....................................................................................
Corvus ossifragus .....................................................................................
Corvus hawaiiensis ...................................................................................
Corvus cryptoleucus .................................................................................
Corvus corax ............................................................................................
Canada Jay.
Brown Jay.
Green Jay.
Pinyon Jay.
Steller’s Jay.
Blue Jay.
Florida Scrub-Jay.
Island Scrub-Jay.
California Scrub-Jay.
Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay.
Mexican Jay.
Clark’s Nutcracker.
Black-billed Magpie.
Yellow-billed Magpie.
Eurasian Jackdaw.
Mariana Crow.
American Crow.
White-necked Crow.
Tamaulipas Crow.
Fish Crow.
Hawaiian Crow.
Chihuahuan Raven.
Common Raven.
(F) Family Remizidae
Auriparus flaviceps ...................................................................................
Verdin.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(G) Family Paridae
Poecile carolinensis ..................................................................................
Poecile atricapillus ....................................................................................
Poecile gambeli ........................................................................................
Poecile sclateri .........................................................................................
Poecile rufescens .....................................................................................
Poecile hudsonicus ...................................................................................
Poecile cinctus ..........................................................................................
Baeolophus wollweberi .............................................................................
Baeolophus inornatus ...............................................................................
Baeolophus ridgwayi ................................................................................
Baeolophus bicolor ...................................................................................
Baeolophus atricristatus ...........................................................................
Carolina Chickadee.
Black-capped Chickadee.
Mountain Chickadee.
Mexican Chickadee.
Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
Boreal Chickadee.
Gray-headed Chickadee.
Bridled Titmouse.
Oak Titmouse.
Juniper Titmouse.
Tufted Titmouse.
Black-crested Titmouse.
(H) Family Alaudidae
Alauda arvensis ........................................................................................
Eremophila alpestris .................................................................................
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Horned Lark.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(I) Family Acrocephalidae
Arundinax aedon ......................................................................................
Acrocephalus luscinius .............................................................................
Acrocephalus hiwae .................................................................................
Acrocephalus nijoi ....................................................................................
Acrocephalus yamashinae .......................................................................
Acrocephalus familiaris .............................................................................
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus .................................................................
Acrocephalus dumetorum .........................................................................
Thick-billed Warbler.
Nightingale Reed Warbler.
Saipan Reed Warbler.
Aguiguan Reed Warbler.
Pagan Reed Warbler.
Millerbird.
Sedge Warbler.
Blyth’s Reed Warbler.
(J) Family Locustellidae
Helopsaltes certhiola ................................................................................
Helopsaltes ochotensis .............................................................................
Locustella lanceolata ................................................................................
Locustella fluviatilis ...................................................................................
Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler.
Middendorff’s Grasshopper Warbler.
Lanceolated Warbler.
River Warbler.
(K) Family Hirundinidae
Subfamily Hirundininae
Riparia riparia ...........................................................................................
Tachycineta bicolor ...................................................................................
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis ........................................................................
Tachycineta thalassina .............................................................................
Tachycineta albilinea ................................................................................
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca .........................................................................
Stelgidopteryx serripennis ........................................................................
Progne tapera ...........................................................................................
Progne subis .............................................................................................
Progne elegans ........................................................................................
Progne chalybea .......................................................................................
Progne cryptoleuca ...................................................................................
Progne dominicensis ................................................................................
Hirundo rustica .........................................................................................
Delichon urbicum ......................................................................................
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota .........................................................................
Petrochelidon fulva ...................................................................................
Bank Swallow.
Tree Swallow.
Bahama Swallow.
Violet-green Swallow.
Mangrove Swallow.
Blue-and-white Swallow.
Northern Rough-winged Swallow.
Brown-chested Martin.
Purple Martin.
Southern Martin.
Gray-breasted Martin.
Cuban Martin.
Caribbean Martin.
Barn Swallow.
Common House-Martin.
Cliff Swallow.
Cave Swallow.
(L) Family Aegithalidae
Psaltriparus minimus ................................................................................
Bushtit.
(M) Family Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
Phylloscopus
trochilus ..............................................................................
collybita ..............................................................................
sibilatrix ..............................................................................
fuscatus ..............................................................................
proregulus ..........................................................................
inornatus .............................................................................
borealis ...............................................................................
examinandus ......................................................................
Willow Warbler.
Common Chiffchaff.
Wood Warbler.
Dusky Warbler.
Pallas’s Leaf Warbler.
Yellow-browed Warbler.
Arctic Warbler.
Kamchatka Leaf Warbler.
(N) Family Sylviidae
Sylvia curruca ...........................................................................................
Chamaea fasciata .....................................................................................
Lesser Whitethroat.
Wrentit.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(O) Family Regulidae
Corthylio calendula ...................................................................................
Regulus satrapa .......................................................................................
Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Golden-crowned Kinglet.
(P) Family Bombycillidae
Bombycilla garrulus ..................................................................................
Bombycilla cedrorum ................................................................................
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Cedar Waxwing.
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Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
Ptiliogonys cinereus ..................................................................................
Phainopepla nitens ...................................................................................
Gray Silky-flycatcher.
Phainopepla.
(R) Family Sittidae
Subfamily Sittinae
Sitta
Sitta
Sitta
Sitta
canadensis .......................................................................................
carolinensis ......................................................................................
pygmaea ...........................................................................................
pusilla ...............................................................................................
Red-breasted Nuthatch.
White-breasted Nuthatch.
Pygmy Nuthatch.
Brown-headed Nuthatch.
(S) Family Certhiidae
Subfamily Certhiinae
Certhia americana ....................................................................................
Brown Creeper.
(T) Family Polioptilidae
Polioptila
Polioptila
Polioptila
Polioptila
caerulea ....................................................................................
melanura ...................................................................................
californica ..................................................................................
nigriceps ....................................................................................
Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
California Gnatcatcher.
Black-capped Gnatcatcher.
(U) Family Troglodytidae
Salpinctes obsoletus .................................................................................
Catherpes mexicanus ...............................................................................
Thryophilus sinaloa ...................................................................................
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus ............................................................
Thryomanes bewickii ................................................................................
Thryothorus ludovicianus ..........................................................................
Troglodytes aedon ....................................................................................
Troglodytes pacificus ................................................................................
Troglodytes hiemalis .................................................................................
Cistothorus stellaris ..................................................................................
Cistothorus palustris .................................................................................
Rock Wren.
Canyon Wren.
Sinaloa Wren.
Cactus Wren.
Bewick’s Wren.
Carolina Wren.
House Wren.
Pacific Wren.
Winter Wren.
Sedge Wren.
Marsh Wren.
(V) Family Mimidae
Melanotis caerulescens ............................................................................
Melanoptila glabrirostris ............................................................................
Dumetella carolinensis .............................................................................
Margarops fuscatus ..................................................................................
Toxostoma curvirostre ..............................................................................
Toxostoma rufum ......................................................................................
Toxostoma longirostre ..............................................................................
Toxostoma bendirei ..................................................................................
Toxostoma redivivum ...............................................................................
Toxostoma lecontei ..................................................................................
Toxostoma crissale ...................................................................................
Oreoscoptes montanus ............................................................................
Mimus gundlachii ......................................................................................
Mimus polyglottos .....................................................................................
Blue Mockingbird.
Black Catbird.
Gray Catbird.
Pearly-eyed Thrasher.
Curve-billed Thrasher.
Brown Thrasher.
Long-billed Thrasher.
Bendire’s Thrasher.
California Thrasher.
LeConte’s Thrasher.
Crissal Thrasher.
Sage Thrasher.
Bahama Mockingbird.
Northern Mockingbird.
(W) Family Sturnidae
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
Agropsar philippensis ...............................................................................
Spodiopsar cineraceus .............................................................................
Chestnut-cheeked Starling.
White-cheeked Starling.
(X) Family Cinclidae
Cinclus mexicanus ....................................................................................
American Dipper.
(Y) Family Turdidae
Sialia sialis ................................................................................................
Sialia mexicana ........................................................................................
Sialia currucoides .....................................................................................
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Western Bluebird.
Mountain Bluebird.
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Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Myadestes townsendi ...............................................................................
Myadestes occidentalis ............................................................................
Myadestes myadestinus ...........................................................................
Myadestes lanaiensis ...............................................................................
Myadestes obscurus .................................................................................
Myadestes palmeri ...................................................................................
Catharus aurantiirostris ............................................................................
Catharus mexicanus .................................................................................
Catharus fuscescens ................................................................................
Catharus minimus .....................................................................................
Catharus bicknelli .....................................................................................
Catharus ustulatus ....................................................................................
Catharus guttatus .....................................................................................
Hylocichla mustelina .................................................................................
Turdus obscurus .......................................................................................
Turdus eunomus .......................................................................................
Turdus naumanni ......................................................................................
Turdus pilaris ............................................................................................
Turdus iliacus ...........................................................................................
Turdus grayi ..............................................................................................
Turdus assimilis ........................................................................................
Turdus rufopalliatus ..................................................................................
Turdus migratorius ....................................................................................
Turdus plumbeus ......................................................................................
Ixoreus naevius ........................................................................................
Ridgwayia pinicola ....................................................................................
Townsend’s Solitaire.
Brown-backed Solitaire.
Ka¯mao`.
‘Oloma‘o.
‘Oma‘o.
Puaiohi.
Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush.
Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush.
Veery.
Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Bicknell’s Thrush.
Swainson’s Thrush.
Hermit Thrush.
Wood Thrush.
Eyebrowed Thrush.
Dusky Thrush.
Naumann’s Thrush.
Fieldfare.
Redwing.
Clay-colored Thrush.
White-throated Thrush.
Rufous-backed Robin.
American Robin.
Red-legged Thrush.
Varied Thrush.
Aztec Thrush.
(Z) Family Muscicapidae
Muscicapa griseisticta ..............................................................................
Muscicapa dauurica ..................................................................................
Muscicapa striata ......................................................................................
Muscicapa sibirica ....................................................................................
Erithacus rubecula ....................................................................................
Larvivora cyane ........................................................................................
Larvivora sibilans ......................................................................................
Cyanecula svecica ....................................................................................
Calliope calliope .......................................................................................
Tarsiger cyanurus .....................................................................................
Ficedula narcissina ...................................................................................
Ficedula mugimaki ....................................................................................
Ficedula albicilla .......................................................................................
Phoenicurus phoenicurus .........................................................................
Saxicola maurus .......................................................................................
Oenanthe oenanthe ..................................................................................
Oenanthe pleschanka ...............................................................................
Monticola solitarius ...................................................................................
Gray-streaked Flycatcher.
Asian Brown Flycatcher.
Spotted Flycatcher.
Dark-sided Flycatcher.
European Robin.
Siberian Blue Robin.
Rufous-tailed Robin.
Bluethroat.
Siberian Rubythroat.
Red-flanked Bluetail.
Narcissus Flycatcher.
Mugimaki Flycatcher.
Taiga Flycatcher.
Common Redstart.
Asian Stonechat.
Northern Wheatear.
Pied Wheatear.
Blue Rock-Thrush.
(AA) Family Peucedramidae
Peucedramus taeniatus ............................................................................
Olive Warbler.
(BB) Family Prunellidae
Prunella montanella ..................................................................................
Siberian Accentor.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(CC) Family Motacillidae
Motacilla tschutschensis ...........................................................................
Motacilla citreola .......................................................................................
Motacilla cinerea .......................................................................................
Motacilla alba ............................................................................................
Anthus trivialis ..........................................................................................
Anthus hodgsoni .......................................................................................
Anthus gustavi ..........................................................................................
Anthus cervinus ........................................................................................
Anthus rubescens .....................................................................................
Anthus spragueii .......................................................................................
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Eastern Yellow Wagtail.
Citrine Wagtail.
Gray Wagtail.
White Wagtail.
Tree Pipit.
Olive-backed Pipit.
Pechora Pipit.
Red-throated Pipit
American Pipit.
Sprague’s Pipit.
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Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(DD) Family Fringillidae
(1) Subfamily Fringillinae
Fringilla coelebs ........................................................................................ Common Chaffinch.
Fringilla montifringilla ................................................................................ Brambling.
(2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
Chlorophonia musica ................................................................................
Antillean Euphonia.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(3) Subfamily Carduelinae
Coccothraustes vespertinus .....................................................................
Coccothraustes coccothraustes ...............................................................
Carpodacus erythrinus .............................................................................
Carpodacus roseus ..................................................................................
Melamprosops phaeosoma ......................................................................
Oreomystis bairdi ......................................................................................
Paroreomyza maculata .............................................................................
Paroreomyza flammea .............................................................................
Paroreomyza montana .............................................................................
Loxioides bailleui ......................................................................................
Telespiza cantans .....................................................................................
Telespiza ultima ........................................................................................
Palmeria dolei ...........................................................................................
Himatione fraithii .......................................................................................
Himatione sanguinea ................................................................................
Drepanis coccinea ....................................................................................
Psittirostra psittacea .................................................................................
Pseudonestor xanthophrys .......................................................................
Hemignathus hanapepe ...........................................................................
Hemignathus lucidus ................................................................................
Hemignathus affinis ..................................................................................
Hemignathus wilsoni .................................................................................
Akialoa stejnegeri .....................................................................................
Akialoa ellisiana ........................................................................................
Akialoa lanaiensis .....................................................................................
Magumma parva .......................................................................................
Chlorodrepanis virens ...............................................................................
Chlorodrepanis flava .................................................................................
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri .........................................................................
Loxops mana ............................................................................................
Loxops caeruleirostris ...............................................................................
Loxops wolstenholmei ..............................................................................
Loxops ochraceus ....................................................................................
Loxops coccineus .....................................................................................
Pinicola enucleator ...................................................................................
Pyrrhula pyrrhula ......................................................................................
Leucosticte arctoa ....................................................................................
Leucosticte tephrocotis .............................................................................
Leucosticte atrata .....................................................................................
Leucosticte australis .................................................................................
Haemorhous mexicanus ...........................................................................
Haemorhous purpureus ............................................................................
Haemorhous cassinii ................................................................................
Chloris sinica ............................................................................................
Acanthis flammea .....................................................................................
Acanthis hornemanni ................................................................................
Loxia curvirostra .......................................................................................
Loxia sinesciuris .......................................................................................
Loxia leucoptera .......................................................................................
Spinus spinus ...........................................................................................
Spinus pinus .............................................................................................
Spinus psaltria ..........................................................................................
Spinus lawrencei ......................................................................................
Spinus tristis .............................................................................................
Evening Grosbeak.
Hawfinch.
Common Rosefinch.
Pallas’s Rosefinch.
Po‘ouli.
‘Akikik‘i.
O‘ahu ‘Alauahio.
Ka¯ka¯wahie.
` lauahio.
Maui A
Palila.
Laysan Finch.
Nihoa Finch.
‘Akohekohe.
Laysan Honeycreeper.
‘Apapane.
‘Iiwi.
‘O‘u¯.
Maui Parrotbill.
Kauai Nukupu‘u.
O‘ahu Nukupu‘u.
Maui Nukupu‘u.
Akiapolaau.
Kauai ‘Akialoa.
O‘hu ‘Akialoa.
Maui Nui ‘Akialoa.
‘Anianiau
Hawaii ‘Amakihi.
O‘ahu ‘Amakihi.
Kaua‘i ‘Amakihi
Hawaii Creeper.
‘Akeke‘e.
O‘ahu ‘Akepa.
Maui ‘Akepa.
Hawaii ‘Akepa.
Pine Grosbeak.
Eurasian Bullfinch.
Asian Rosy-Finch.
Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
Black Rosy-Finch.
Brown-capped Rosy-Finch.
House Finch.
Purple Finch
Cassin’s Finch.
Oriental Greenfinch.
Common Redpoll.
Hoary Redpoll.
Red Crossbill.
Cassia Crossbill.
White-winged Crossbill.
Eurasian Siskin.
Pine Siskin.
Lesser Goldfinch.
Lawrence’s Goldfinch.
American Goldfinch.
(EE) Family Calcariidae
Calcarius lapponicus ................................................................................
Calcarius ornatus ......................................................................................
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Chestnut-collared Longspur.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Calcarius pictus ........................................................................................
Rhynchophanes mccownii ........................................................................
Plectrophenax nivalis ................................................................................
Plectrophenax hyperboreus ......................................................................
Smith’s Longspur.
Thick-billed Longspur.
Snow Bunting.
McKay’s Bunting.
(FF) Family Emberizidae
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
Emberiza
leucocephalos ..........................................................................
chrysophrys ..............................................................................
pusilla .......................................................................................
rustica .......................................................................................
elegans .....................................................................................
aureola .....................................................................................
variabilis ...................................................................................
pallasi .......................................................................................
schoeniclus ...............................................................................
Pine Bunting.
Yellow-browed Bunting.
Little Bunting.
Rustic Bunting.
Yellow-throated Bunting.
Yellow-breasted Bunting.
Gray Bunting.
Pallas’s Bunting.
Reed Bunting.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(GG) Family Passerellidae
Peucaea carpalis ......................................................................................
Peucaea botterii ........................................................................................
Peucaea cassinii .......................................................................................
Peucaea aestivalis ....................................................................................
Ammodramus savannarum ......................................................................
Arremonops rufivirgatus ...........................................................................
Amphispizopsis quinquestriata .................................................................
Amphispiza bilineata .................................................................................
Chondestes grammacus ...........................................................................
Calamospiza melanocorys .......................................................................
Spizella passerina ....................................................................................
Spizella pallida ..........................................................................................
Spizella atrogularis ...................................................................................
Spizella pusilla ..........................................................................................
Spizella breweri ........................................................................................
Spizella wortheni ......................................................................................
Passerella iliaca ........................................................................................
Spizelloides arborea .................................................................................
Junco hyemalis .........................................................................................
Junco phaeonotus ....................................................................................
Zonotrichia leucophrys .............................................................................
Zonotrichia atricapilla ................................................................................
Zonotrichia querula ...................................................................................
Zonotrichia albicollis .................................................................................
Artemisiospiza nevadensis .......................................................................
Artemisiospiza belli ...................................................................................
Pooecetes gramineus ...............................................................................
Ammospiza leconteii .................................................................................
Ammospiza maritima ................................................................................
Ammospiza nelsoni ..................................................................................
Ammospiza caudacuta .............................................................................
Centronyx bairdii .......................................................................................
Centronyx henslowii .................................................................................
Passerculus sandwichensis ......................................................................
Melospiza melodia ....................................................................................
Melospiza lincolnii .....................................................................................
Melospiza georgiana ................................................................................
Melozone fusca ........................................................................................
Melozone aberti ........................................................................................
Melozone crissalis ....................................................................................
Aimophila ruficeps ....................................................................................
Pipilo chlorurus .........................................................................................
Pipilo maculatus .......................................................................................
Pipilo erythrophthalmus ............................................................................
Rufous-winged Sparrow.
Botteri’s Sparrow.
Cassin’s Sparrow.
Bachman’s Sparrow.
Grasshopper Sparrow.
Olive Sparrow.
Five-striped Sparrow.
Black-throated Sparrow.
Lark Sparrow.
Lark Bunting.
Chipping Sparrow.
Clay-colored Sparrow.
Black-chinned Sparrow.
Field Sparrow.
Brewer’s Sparrow.
Worthen’s Sparrow.
Fox Sparrow.
American Tree Sparrow.
Dark-eyed Junco.
Yellow-eyed Junco.
White-crowned Sparrow.
Golden-crowned Sparrow.
Harris’s Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
Sagebrush Sparrow
Bell’s Sparrow.
Vesper Sparrow.
LeConte’s Sparrow
Seaside Sparrow.
Nelson’s Sparrow.
Saltmarsh Sparrow.
Baird’s Sparrow.
Henslow’s Sparrow.
Savannah Sparrow.
Song Sparrow.
Lincoln’s Sparrow.
Swamp Sparrow.
Canyon Towhee.
Abert’s Towhee.
California Towhee.
Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
Green-tailed Towhee.
Spotted Towhee.
Eastern Towhee.
(HH) Family Nesospingidae
Nesospingus speculiferus .........................................................................
Puerto Rican Tanager.
(II) Family Spindalidae
Spindalis zena ..........................................................................................
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Spindalis portoricensis ..............................................................................
Puerto Rican Spindalis.
(JJ) Family Icteridae
Icteria virens .............................................................................................
Yellow-breasted Chat.
(1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus ..............................................................
Yellow-headed Blackbird.
(2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
Dolichonyx oryzivorus ...............................................................................
Bobolink.
(3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
Sturnella lilianae .......................................................................................
Sturnella magna .......................................................................................
Sturnella neglecta .....................................................................................
Chihuahuan Meadowlark.
Eastern Meadowlark.
Western Meadowlark.
(4) Subfamily Icterinae
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
Icterus
portoricensis .................................................................................
wagleri ..........................................................................................
spurius ..........................................................................................
cucullatus ......................................................................................
pustulatus .....................................................................................
bullockii .........................................................................................
gularis ...........................................................................................
graduacauda .................................................................................
galbula ..........................................................................................
abeillei ...........................................................................................
parisorum ......................................................................................
Puerto Rican Oriole.
Black-vented Oriole.
Orchard Oriole.
Hooded Oriole.
Streak-backed Oriole.
Bullock’s Oriole.
Altamira Oriole.
Audubon’s Oriole.
Baltimore Oriole.
Black-backed Oriole.
Scott’s Oriole.
(5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
Agelaius phoeniceus ................................................................................
Agelaius tricolor ........................................................................................
Agelaius humeralis ...................................................................................
Agelaius xanthomus .................................................................................
Molothrus bonariensis ..............................................................................
Molothrus aeneus .....................................................................................
Molothrus ater ...........................................................................................
Euphagus carolinus ..................................................................................
Euphagus cyanocephalus ........................................................................
Quiscalus quiscula ....................................................................................
Quiscalus major ........................................................................................
Quiscalus mexicanus ................................................................................
Quiscalus niger .........................................................................................
Red-winged Blackbird.
Tricolored Blackbird.
Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.
Shiny Cowbird.
Bronzed Cowbird.
Brown-headed Cowbird.
Rusty Blackbird.
Brewer’s Blackbird.
Common Grackle.
Boat-tailed Grackle.
Great-tailed Grackle.
Greater Antillean Grackle.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(KK) Family Parulidae
Seiurus aurocapilla ...................................................................................
Helmitheros vermivorum ...........................................................................
Parkesia motacilla ....................................................................................
Parkesia noveboracensis .........................................................................
Vermivora bachmanii ................................................................................
Vermivora chrysoptera .............................................................................
Vermivora cyanoptera ..............................................................................
Mniotilta varia ...........................................................................................
Protonotaria citrea ....................................................................................
Limnothlypis swainsonii ............................................................................
Oreothlypis superciliosa ...........................................................................
Leiothlypis peregrina ................................................................................
Leiothlypis celata ......................................................................................
Leiothlypis crissalis ...................................................................................
Leiothlypis luciae ......................................................................................
Leiothlypis ruficapilla ................................................................................
Leiothlypis virginiae ..................................................................................
Oporornis agilis .........................................................................................
Geothlypis poliocephala ...........................................................................
Geothlypis tolmiei .....................................................................................
Geothlypis philadelphia ............................................................................
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Ovenbird.
Worm-eating Warbler.
Louisiana Waterthrush.
Northern Waterthrush.
Bachman’s Warbler.
Golden-winged Warbler.
Blue-winged Warbler.
Black-and-white Warbler.
Prothonotary Warbler.
Swainson’s Warbler.
Crescent-chested Warbler.
Tennessee Warbler.
Orange-crowned Warbler.
Colima Warbler.
Lucy’s Warbler.
Nashville Warbler.
Virginia’s Warbler.
Connecticut Warbler.
Gray-crowned Yellowthroat.
MacGillivray’s Warbler.
Mourning Warbler.
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76021
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
Geothlypis formosa ...................................................................................
Geothlypis trichas .....................................................................................
Setophaga angelae ..................................................................................
Setophaga citrina ......................................................................................
Setophaga ruticilla ....................................................................................
Setophaga kirtlandii ..................................................................................
Setophaga tigrina .....................................................................................
Setophaga cerulea ...................................................................................
Setophaga americana ..............................................................................
Setophaga pitiayumi .................................................................................
Setophaga magnolia .................................................................................
Setophaga castanea .................................................................................
Setophaga fusca .......................................................................................
Setophaga petechia ..................................................................................
Setophaga pensylvanica ..........................................................................
Setophaga striata .....................................................................................
Setophaga caerulescens ..........................................................................
Setophaga palmarum ...............................................................................
Setophaga pinus .......................................................................................
Setophaga coronata .................................................................................
Setophaga dominica .................................................................................
Setophaga discolor ...................................................................................
Setophaga adelaidae ................................................................................
Setophaga graciae ...................................................................................
Setophaga nigrescens ..............................................................................
Setophaga townsendi ...............................................................................
Setophaga occidentalis ............................................................................
Setophaga chrysoparia .............................................................................
Setophaga virens ......................................................................................
Basileuterus lachrymosus .........................................................................
Basileuterus rufifrons ................................................................................
Basileuterus culicivorus ............................................................................
Cardellina canadensis ..............................................................................
Cardellina pusilla ......................................................................................
Cardellina rubrifrons .................................................................................
Myioborus pictus .......................................................................................
Myioborus miniatus ...................................................................................
Kentucky Warbler.
Common Yellowthroat.
Elfin-woods Warbler.
Hooded Warbler.
American Redstart.
Kirtland’s Warbler.
Cape May Warbler.
Cerulean Warbler.
Northern Parula.
Tropical Parula.
Magnolia Warbler.
Bay-breasted Warbler.
Blackburnian Warbler.
Yellow Warbler.
Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Blackpoll Warbler.
Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Palm Warbler.
Pine Warbler.
Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Yellow-throated Warbler.
Prairie Warbler.
Adelaide’s Warbler.
Grace’s Warbler.
Black-throated Gray Warbler.
Townsend’s Warbler.
Hermit Warbler.
Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Black-throated Green Warbler.
Fan-tailed Warbler.
Rufous-capped Warbler.
Golden-crowned Warbler.
Canada Warbler.
Wilson’s Warbler.
Red-faced Warbler.
Painted Redstart.
Slate-throated Redstart.
(LL) Family Cardinalidae
Piranga flava .............................................................................................
Piranga rubra ............................................................................................
Piranga olivacea .......................................................................................
Piranga ludoviciana ..................................................................................
Piranga bidentata .....................................................................................
Rhodothraupis celaeno .............................................................................
Cardinalis cardinalis .................................................................................
Cardinalis sinuatus ...................................................................................
Pheucticus chrysopeplus ..........................................................................
Pheucticus ludovicianus ...........................................................................
Pheucticus melanocephalus .....................................................................
Cyanocompsa parellina ............................................................................
Passerina caerulea ...................................................................................
Passerina amoena ....................................................................................
Passerina cyanea .....................................................................................
Passerina versicolor .................................................................................
Passerina ciris ..........................................................................................
Spiza americana .......................................................................................
Hepatic Tanager.
Summer Tanager.
Scarlet Tanager.
Western Tanager.
Flame-colored Tanager.
Crimson-collared Grosbeak.
Northern Cardinal.
Pyrrhuloxia.
Yellow Grosbeak.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Black-headed Grosbeak.
Blue Bunting.
Blue Grosbeak.
Lazuli Bunting.
Indigo Bunting.
Varied Bunting.
Painted Bunting.
Dickcissel.
(MM) Family Thraupidae
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
(1) Subfamily Dacninae
Cyanerpes cyaneus ..................................................................................
Red-legged Honeycreeper.
(2) Subfamily Coerebinae
Coereba flaveola ......................................................................................
Tiaris olivaceus .........................................................................................
Melopyrrha portoricensis ..........................................................................
Melanospiza bicolor ..................................................................................
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Bananaquit.
Yellow-faced Grassquit.
Puerto Rican Bullfinch.
Black-faced Grassquit.
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TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (C)—TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BIRDS PROTECTED BY THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT—
Continued
Species scientific name
Species common name
(3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
Sporophila morelleti ..................................................................................
PART 17—ENDANGERED AND
THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
3. The authority citation for part 17
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 1531–
1544; and 4201–4245, unless otherwise
noted.
4. Amend § 17.11, in paragraph (h),
the List of Endangered and Threatened
Wildlife, under BIRDS, by:
■
Common name
*
*
Caracara, crested,
(Audubon’s) [FL DPS].
*
Where listed
*
*
BIRDS
T
*
*
*
Crane, Mississippi sandhill ..... Antigone canadensis pulla .....
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Nightjar, Puerto Rican ............ Antrostomus noctitherus .........
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain ..... Patagioenas inornata
wetmorei.
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Rail, California Ridgway’s ....... Rallus obsoletus obsoletus .....
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Rail, light-footed Ridgway’s .... Rallus obsoletus levipes .........
*
U.S.A. only .............
E
*
*
*
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside Ammospiza maritima mirabilis
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Tern, California least .............. Sternula antillarum browni ......
*
Wherever found .....
E
*
*
*
Towhee, Inyo California .......... Melozone crissalis
eremophilus.
*
Wherever found .....
T
*
5. Amend § 17.95, in paragraph (b), by
a. Revising the headings for
‘‘Mississippi Sandhill Crane (Grus
canadensis pulla)’’ and ‘‘Cape Sable
Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus
maritimus mirabilis)’’; and
■ b. Removing the heading ‘‘Inyo Brown
Towhee (Pipilo fuscus eremophilus)’’
■
■
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*
*
*
*
(h) * * *
*
Fmt 4702
*
*
*
38 FR 14678, 6/4/1973; 50 CFR 17.95(b).CH
*
*
38 FR 14678, 6/4/1973.
*
*
*
35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
*
*
*
35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
*
*
*
34 FR 5034, 3/8/1969;
35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970.
*
*
*
32 FR 4001, 3/11/1967;
50 CFR 17.95(b).CH
*
*
*
35 FR 16047, 10/13/1970;
35 FR 8491, 6/2/1970.
*
*
*
52 FR 28780, 8/3/1987;
50 CFR 17.95(b).CH
*
*
Sfmt 4702
*
*
52 FR 25229, 7/6/1987.
Critical habitat—fish and wildlife.
Frm 00078
*
Listing citations and applicable rules
*
*
*
MISSISSIPPI SANDHILL CRANE
(Antigone canadensis pulla)
*
*
*
*
*
CAPE SABLE SEASIDE SPARROW
(Ammospiza maritima mirabilis)
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
PO 00000
*
*
and adding in its place a heading for
‘‘Inyo California Towhee (Melozone
crissalis eremophilus)’’.
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 17.95
§ 17.11 Endangered and threatened
wildlife.
*
*
U.S.A. (FL) .............
*
d. Revising the entries for ‘‘Sparrow,
Cape Sable seaside’’, ‘‘Tern, California
least’’, and ‘‘Towhee, Inyo California’’.
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
Status
*
Caracara plancus audubonii ...
*
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
a. Revising the entries for ‘‘Caracara,
crested, (Audubon’s) [FL DPS]’’, ‘‘Crane,
Mississippi sandhill’’, ‘‘Nightjar, Puerto
Rican’’, and ‘‘Pigeon, Puerto Rican
plain’’;
■ b. Removing the entries for ‘‘Rail,
California clapper’’ and ‘‘Rail, lightfooted clapper’’;
■ c. Adding, in alphabetical order,
entries for ‘‘Rail, California Ridgway’s’’
and ‘‘Rail, light-footed Ridgway’s’’; and
■
Scientific name
*
Morelet’s Seedeater.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 237 / Monday, December 12, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703–712.
INYO CALIFORNIA TOWHEE
(Melozone crissalis eremophilus)
*
*
*
*
*
§ 21.123
6. The authority citation for part 21
continues to read as follows:
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1
■
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auritus)’’ and adding in their place the
words ‘‘(Nannopterum auritum)’’.
[Amended]
7. Amend § 21.123, in the
introductory text of paragraph (a), by
removing the words ‘‘(Phalacrocorax
■
PART 21—MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS
Shannon A. Estenoz,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and
Parks.
[FR Doc. 2022–26733 Filed 12–9–22; 8:45 am]
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 237 (Monday, December 12, 2022)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 75977-76023]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-26733]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Parts 10, 17, and 21
[Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2022-0036; FXMB12320900000//223//FF09M30000]
RIN 1018-BG04
General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to
revise the List of Birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
(MBTA) by both adding and removing species. Reasons for the changes to
the list include adding species based on new taxonomy and new evidence
of natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories,
removing species no longer known to occur within the United States or
U.S. territories, and changing names to conform to accepted use. The
net increase of 13 species (16 added and three removed) would bring the
total number of species protected by the MBTA to 1,106. We also propose
to revise the scientific name of a species subject to specific
migratory-bird-permit regulations and to revise corresponding entries
for several migratory bird species that are also listed on the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the Endangered Species Act to
reflect currently accepted taxonomy and nomenclature.
We regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase,
barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate
and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for
public notification, regulatory, and law-
[[Page 75978]]
enforcement purposes. These revisions would also ensure consistency in
the use of common and scientific names across Service regulations.
DATES: We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before
February 10, 2023. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal
eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES, below) must be received by 11:59
p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by one of the following methods: (1)
Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, enter FWS-HQ-MB-2022-0036,
which is the docket number for this rulemaking. Then, click on the
Search button. On the resulting page, in the Search panel on the left
side of the screen, under the Document Type heading, click on the
Proposed Rule box to locate this document. You may submit a comment by
clicking on ``Comment.''
(2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail or hand-delivery to: Public
Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-HQ-MB-2022-0036, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, MS: PRB/3W, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803.
We request that you send comments only by the methods described
above. We will post all comments on https://www.regulations.gov. This
generally means that we will post any personal information you provide
us (see IV. Public Comments, below, for more information).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eric L. Kershner, Chief, Division of
Bird Conservation, Permits, and Regulations; Migratory Bird Program;
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: MB; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls
Church, VA 22041-3803; (703) 358-2376; or Lisa Ellis, Chief, Branch of
Recovery and Conservation; Ecological Services; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; MS: ES; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803; (703)
358-2307. Individuals in the United States who are deaf, deafblind,
hard of hearing, or have a speech disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or
TeleBraille) to access telecommunications relay services. Individuals
outside the United States should use the relay services offered within
their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in
the United States.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13)
Statutory Authority of the Service for Maintaining and Revising the
List of Birds Protected by the MBTA
We have statutory authority and responsibility for implementing and
enforcing the MBTA (16 U.S.C. 703-712), the Fish and Wildlife
Improvement Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-616; 16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish
and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-742j, not including 742d-1).
The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four
neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as
follows:
(1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain
[on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16,
1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended by Protocol between the
Government of the United States and the Government of Canada Amending
the 1916 Convention between the United Kingdom and the United States of
America for the Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. Treaty Doc. 104-28
(December 14, 1995);
(2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the
Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50
Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended March 10, 1972 (23 U.S.T. 260;
T.I.A.S. 7302) and by Protocol with Mexico amending Convention for
Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Doc. 105-26
(May 5, 1997);
(3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States
of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory
Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March
4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and
(4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of
Migratory Birds and Their Environment (Russia), November 19, 1976, 29
U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073).
What is the purpose of this rulemaking?
Our purpose is to inform the public of updates to the list of
species protected by the MBTA and its implementing regulations. These
regulations are found in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) at parts 10, 20, 21, and 92. We regulate the taking, possession,
transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of
birds protected by the MBTA. An accurate and up-to-date list of species
protected by the MBTA is essential for notifying the public and other
federal, state, and tribal agencies of which species are subject to
regulatory protections.
Why is this amendment of the List of Birds protected by the MBTA
necessary?
The amendments we are proposing are needed to:
(1) Add 11 species based on new distributional records documenting
their natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories since
2019;
(2) Add five species newly recognized as a result of recent
taxonomic changes;
(3) Remove three species not known to occur within the boundaries
of the United States or U.S. territories as a result of recent
taxonomic changes;
(4) Change the common (English) names of eight species to conform
to accepted use; and
(5) Change the scientific names of 22 species to conform to
accepted use.
The List of Birds Protected by the MBTA (50 CFR 10.13) was last
revised on April 16, 2020 (85 FR 21282). The amendments proposed in
this rule were necessitated by two published supplements and one
published addendum to a supplement to the 7th (1998) edition of the
American Ornithologists' Union (AOU, now recognized as the American
Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American Birds (AOS
2020a, 2020b, 2021 and 2022) and the 2019 and 2021 publications of the
Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2019, 2021).
What scientific authorities are used to amend the List of Birds
protected by the MBTA?
Although bird names (common and scientific) are relatively stable,
staying current with standardized use is necessary to avoid confusion
in communications. In making our determinations, we primarily relied on
the AOS's Checklist of North American birds (AOU 1998), as amended
annually (AOS 2020a, 2020b, 2021, and 2022), on matters of taxonomy,
nomenclature, and the sequence of species and other higher taxonomic
categories (Orders, Families, Subfamilies) for species that occur in
North America. The AOU (now AOS) Checklist of North American Birds
(Checklist), developed by the AOU Committee on Classification and
Nomenclature, has been the recognized taxonomic authority for North
American birds since publication of the first edition of the Checklist
in 1886. The committee compiles the taxonomic foundation for
ornithology in North America; they evaluate and publish the latest
scientific developments in the systematics, classification,
[[Page 75979]]
nomenclature, and distribution of North American birds. Thus, the AOS's
Checklist represents the best scientific information available for
developing the North American component of this List of Birds Protected
by the MBTA. In keeping with the increasing numbers of study areas on
which taxonomy relies, the committee incorporates expertise in
phylogenetics, genomics, vocalizations, morphology, behavior, and
geographical distribution, as well as general ornithological knowledge.
The AOS Checklist contains all bird species that have occurred in North
America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and
the Hawaiian Islands, and includes distributional information for each
species, which specifies whether the species is known to occur in the
United States. The committee also keeps and updates a list of species
known to occur in the United States.
For the species that occur in the U.S. territories outside the
geographic area covered by the AOS Checklist, we relied primarily on
the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements Checklist)
(Clements et al. 2007), the Clements Checklist 2019 and 2021
installment of updates and corrections (Clements et al. 2019, 2021),
and other peer-reviewed literature where appropriate. The Clements
Checklist is a list of all known bird species in the world and is
maintained and updated annually by the Cornell Laboratory of
Ornithology (CLO). The CLO relies on different regional ornithological
authorities to compile the Clements Checklist, using the AOS for the
western hemisphere. Taxonomy and nomenclature are the primary focus of
the Clements Checklist, but range descriptions are maintained and
updated based on the best available information and do not include
records of vagrancy. Although we primarily rely on the above sources,
when informed taxonomic opinion is inconsistent or controversial, we
evaluate available published and unpublished information and come to
our own conclusion regarding the validity of taxa and whether to
include taxonomic changes. We also evaluate available documentation for
new species documented to occur naturally in the United States or U.S.
territories and come to our own conclusion regarding addition to the
List of Birds Protected by the MBTA.
For this update, we reviewed 13 species that were added to the AOS
Checklist based on new natural distribution in the United States or
U.S. territories (AOS 2020a, 2021, and 2022). Based on the available
evidence and criteria to identify individual species that qualify for
protection by the MBTA (see below), we propose to add 11 of the 13
species. We elected not to add two of the 13 species, Red-backed
Shrike, Lanius collurio, and Graylag Goose, Anser anser. When we
reviewed the evidence for the record of Red-backed Shrike that was
accepted by AOS, along with an analysis from an AOS committee member,
we learned the shrike in question was a juvenile. It is unknown how
reliably juveniles of Red-backed Shrike can be distinguished from
juvenile Red-tailed Shrikes, Lanius phoenicuroides, and the two species
are known to commonly hybridize as well. While there are descriptions
available in the literature of adult hybrids of these two shrike
species, this is not the case for juvenile hybrids. Therefore, due to
the challenges in identification, we decided not to include this record
at this time. Regarding the Graylag Goose, we considered the regulatory
implications of adding it to the list because the species intermixes
with other goose species that may be hunted under the Service's and
State hunting regulations. We decided not to add the species at this
time while we consider those regulatory implications, similar to how we
treated the split of Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii, from Canada
Goose, Branta canadensis, in 2013 (78 FR 65844), later adding the
species to the 10.13 list in 2020 (85 FR 21282). We may reconsider
adding this species in a subsequent update to the list once the
frequency of the species occurring in the U.S. is better understood and
what the implications to hunting regulations in 50 CFR part 20 would
be. We reserve the right to revisit these decisions if additional
information becomes available.
As is customary with species subject to our hunting regulations at
50 CFR part 20, we consulted with the Pacific, Central, Mississippi,
and Atlantic Flyway Councils in our review of the taxonomic split of
Mexican Duck from Mallard. We also reviewed published scientific
literature regarding the Mallard split (Bellrose 1976; Hubbard 1977;
Brown 1985; Lavretsky et al. 2015, 2019; Chesser et al. 2020).
Ultimately, we concluded to propose adding Mexican Duck to the list.
What criteria are used to identify individual species protected by the
MBTA?
A species qualifies for protection under the MBTA by meeting one or
more of the following criteria:
(1) It occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the
result of natural biological or ecological processes and is currently,
or was previously listed as, a species or part of a family protected by
one of the four international treaties or their amendments. A naturally
occurring species is protected by the MBTA as a member of a protected
family even if the species is ecologically nonmigratory, meaning it
does not exhibit seasonal movements (also known as a resident species).
For example, the Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) is a resident, non-
migratory species and is included in 50 CFR 10.13 because it occurs in
a family (Aegithalidae) that is protected by the bilateral treaty with
Canada. Any species that occurs in the United States or U.S.
territories solely as a result of intentional or unintentional human-
assisted introduction does not qualify for the MBTA list, regardless of
whether the family the species belongs to is listed in any of the
treaties, unless:
It was either native to the United States or its
territories and extant in 1918; or
It was extirpated after 1918 throughout its range in the
United States and its territories, and, after such extirpation, it was
reintroduced in the United States or its territories as part of a
program carried out by a federal agency.
(2) Revised taxonomy results in it being newly split from a species
that was previously on the list, and the new species occurs in the
United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological
or ecological processes. If a newly recognized native species is
considered extinct (following the classification of the American
Ornithological Society (AOS) or, for species not covered by the AOS,
the Clements Checklist or peer-reviewed literature), that species will
still be included if either of the following criteria apply:
The species resembles extant species included in the list
that may be affected by trade or other commercial activities if the
species is not included; or
Not including the species may create difficulties
implementing the MBTA and its underlying Conventions.
(3) New evidence exists for its natural occurrence in the United
States or U.S. territories resulting from new or natural distributional
changes and the species belongs to a protected family. Records must be
documented, accepted, and published by the AOS committee. For the U.S.
Pacific territories that fall outside the geographic scope of the AOS
and for which there is no identified ornithological authority, new
evidence of a species' natural occurrence will be based on the Clements
Checklist and then published peer-reviewed literature,
[[Page 75980]]
in that order. Records and the evidence supporting their acceptance by
the AOS, Clements Checklist, or peer-reviewed literature are reviewed
independently by the Service before we proposed adding the species to
the list.
In accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act of 2004
(MBTRA) (Pub. L. 108-447, December 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2809, 3071-72),
we only include migratory bird species that are native to the United
States or U.S. territories. A native migratory bird species is one that
is present as a result of natural biological or ecological processes.
The list at 50 CFR 10.13 does not include nonnative species that occur
in the United States or U.S. territories solely as a result of
intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction(s). An amended
list of the nonnative bird species that have been introduced by humans
into the United States or U.S. territories and to which the MBTA does
not apply was published in the Federal Register on April 16, 2020 (85
FR 21262), with a correction published on May 3, 2021 (86 FR 23422).
What species are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act?
The MBTA does not apply to:
(1) Nonnative species introduced into the United States or U.S.
territories by means of intentional or unintentional human assistance
that belong to families or groups covered by the Canadian, Mexican, or
Russian Conventions. Note, though, that native species that are
introduced into parts of the United States where they are not native
are still protected under the MBTA regardless of where they occur in
the United States or U.S. territories.
(2) Species native or nonnative to the United States or U.S.
territories that either belong to families or groups not referred to in
the Canada, Mexico, and Russia Conventions or are not included by
species name in the Japan Convention. This includes the Tinamidae
(tinamous), Megapodiidae (megapodes), Cracidae (chachalacas),
Odontophoridae (New World quail), Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and
turkeys), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse), Heliornithidae (finfoots),
Burhinidae (thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles), Todidae (todies),
Psittacidae (parrots), Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), Meliphagidae
(honeyeaters), Dicruridae (drongos), Monarchidae (monarchs),
Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Scotocercidae (bush warblers and allies),
Zosteropidae (white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings, except as listed in
Japanese treaty), Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae (estrildid finches),
and Passeridae (Old World sparrows, including house or English
sparrow), as well as numerous other families not represented in the
United States or U.S. territories.
How would the proposed changes affect the List of Birds protected by
the MBTA?
The proposed amendments (16 additions, three removals, and 30 name
changes) would affect a total of 47 species and would result in a net
addition of 13 species to the List of Migratory Birds Protected by the
MBTA, increasing the number of species on the list from 1,093 to 1,106.
Five of the 16 species that we would add to the list are new species
that have been recognized as a result of a taxonomic split and occur in
the U.S. or U.S. territories and were previously covered under the MBTA
as members of listed species (conspecific). These proposed amendments
can be logically arranged in the following five categories:
(1) Add 11 species based on review and acceptance by the AOS (since
2019), or by other appropriate ornithological authorities, and the
Service of new distributional records documenting their occurrence in
the United States or U.S. territories. These species belong to families
covered by at least one of the four international conventions, and all
are considered to be of accidental or casual occurrence. For each
species, we list the State or U.S. territory in which it has been
recorded plus the relevant publication:
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo, Clamator coromandus--Guam (Kastner et al,
2018);
Dark-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus melacoryphus--Texas and Florida (AOS
2020a);
Hooded Crane, Grus monacha--Alaska (AOS 2022);
Northern Giant-Petrel, Macronectes halli--Washington (AOS 2022);
Long-legged Buzzard, Buteo rufinus--Alaska (AOS 2020a);
Pallas's Gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus--Alaska (AOS 2021);
Inca Tern, Larosterna inca--Hawaii (AOS 2022);
Small-billed Elaenia, Elaenia parvirostris--Illinois (AOS 2022);
Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler, Helopsaltes certhiola--Alaska (AOS
2021);
Blue-and-white Swallow, Pygochelidon cyanoleuca--Texas (AOS 2022);
and
Naumann's Thrush, Turdus naumanni--Alaska (AOS 2022).
(2) Add five species because of recent taxonomic changes in which
taxa formerly treated as conspecific have been determined to be
distinct species (i.e., a taxonomic split). Given that each of these
species was formerly treated as conspecific with a listed species,
these additions would not change the protective status of any of these
taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we
reference the AOS or relevant publication supporting the change:
Mexican Duck, Anas diazi--formerly considered conspecific with
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (AOS 2020a);
Short-billed Gull, Larus brachyrhynchus--formerly named Mew Gull
and considered
conspecific with Larus canus, which now has the English name of
Common Gull and
remains on the list based on prior occurrences of the Common Gull
taxon in the United
States (AOS 2021);
Puerto Rican Mango, Anthracothorax aurulentus--formerly considered
conspecific with
Antillean Mango, Anthracothorax dominicus (AOS 2022);
Asian Stonechat, Saxicola maurus--formerly considered conspecific
with Stonechat, Saxicola
torquatus (AOS 2022); and
Chihuahuan Meadowlark, Sturnella lilianae--formerly considered
conspecific with Eastern
Meadowlark, Sturnella manga (AOS 2022).
(3) Remove three species based on revised taxonomic treatments,
either because a species is taxonomically merged with another species,
either on or off the list; a species previously on the list is
taxonomically split into multiple species and the new species is not
known to occur within the United States or U.S. territories; or the
species is considered extinct (following the classification of the AOS
or, for species not covered by the AOS, the Clements Checklist or peer-
reviewed literature) unless any of the following criteria apply: It is
protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), or the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES; 27 U.S.T. 1087); it
resembles extant species included in the list that may be affected by
its removal; or its removal would create difficulties implementing the
MBTA and its underlying Conventions. In each case, we reference the
publication supporting these changes:
Northwestern Crow, Corvus caurinus, is lumped with American Crow,
Corvus brachyrhynchos (AOS 2020a);
Antillean Mango, Anthracothorax dominicus (AOS 2022); and
Stonechat, Saxicola torquatus (AOS 2022).
(4) Revise the common (English) names of eight species to conform
to the
[[Page 75981]]
most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOS publications
2020a, 2020b, and 2021 and Clements et al. 2011, 2019, and 2021. These
revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa,
only the names by which they are known. In each case, the update is
described in the table, below.
(5) Revise the scientific names of 22 species to conform to the
most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOS publications
2020a and 2021 and Clements et al. 2016, 2021. These revisions do not
change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by
which they are known. In each case, the update is described in the
table, below.
Table of Proposed Name Changes, as Described in Categories 4 and 5,
Above
[The table is organized following AOS (2021) taxonomic order. The
relevant AOS or Clements publication is provided.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previous common Current common
Publication source and year name name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clements et al. 2019............. Shy Ground-Dove, Shy Ground Dove,
Alopecoenas Alopecoenas
stairi. stairi.
Clements et al. 2019............. White-throated White-throated
Ground-Dove, Ground Dove,
Alopecoenas Alopecoenas
xanthonurus. xanthonurus.
Clements et al. 2011............. Common Moorhen, Eurasian Moorhen,
Gallinula Gallinula
chloropus. chloropus.
AOS 2021......................... Mew Gull, Larus Common Gull,
canus. Larus canus.
Clements et al. 2021............. Rufous Night- Nankeen Night-
Heron, Nycticorax Heron,
caledonicus. Nycticorax
caledonicus.
AOS 2020b........................ McCown's Longspur, Thick-billed
Rhynchophanes Longspur,
mccownii. Rhynchophanes
mccownii.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publication source Previous Current
and year scientific name. scientific name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOS 2020a........................ Bumblebee Bumblebee
Hummingbird, Hummingbird,
Atthis heloisa. Selasphorus
heloisa.
AOS 2020a........................ Puerto Rican Puerto Rican
Emerald, Emerald,
Chlorostilbon Riccordia
maugaeus. maugaeus.
AOS 2020a........................ White-eared White-eared
Hummingbird, Hummingbird,
Hylocharis Basilinna
leucotis. leucotis.
AOS 2020a........................ Xantus's Xantus's
Hummingbird, Hummingbird,
Hylocharis Basilinna
xantusii. xantusii.
AOS 2022......................... Violet-crowned Violet-crowned
Hummingbird, Hummingbird,
Amazilia Ramosomyia
violiceps. violiceps.
AOS 2020a........................ Berylline Berylline
Hummingbird, Hummingbird,
Amazilia Saucerottia
beryllina. beryllina.
Clements et al. 2021............. Matsudaira's Storm- Matsudaira's
Petrel, Storm-Petrel,
Oceanodroma Hydrobates
matsudairae. matsudairae.
Clements et al. 2016............. Little Pied Little Pied
Cormorant, Cormorant,
Phalacrocorax Microcarbo
melanoleucos. melanoleucos.
AOS 2021......................... Brandt's Brandt's
Cormorant, Cormorant, Urile
Phalacrocorax penicillatus.
penicillatus.
AOS 2021......................... Red-faced Red-faced
Cormorant, Cormorant, Urile
Phalacrocorax urile.
urile.
AOS 2021......................... Pelagic Cormorant, Pelagic
Phalacrocorax Cormorant, Urile
pelagicus. pelagicus.
AOS 2021......................... Double-crested Double-crested
Cormorant, Cormorant,
Phalacrocorax Nannopterum
auritus. auritum.
AOS 2021......................... Neotropic Neotropic
Cormorant, Cormorant,
Phalacrocorax Nannopterum
brasilianus. brasilianum.
AOS 2022......................... Mottled Owl, Mottled Owl,
Ciccaba virgata. Strix virgata.
AOS 2021......................... Crested Caracara, Crested Caracara,
Caracara cheriway. Caracara
plancus.
AOS 2021......................... Ruby-crowned Ruby-crowned
Kinglet, Regulus Kinglet,
calendula. Corthylio
calendula.
AOS 2021......................... Sedge Wren, Sedge Wren,
Cistothorus Cistothorus
platensis. stellaris.
AOS 2020a........................ Dusky Thrush, Dusky Thrush,
Turdus naumanni. Turdus eunomus.
AOS 2021......................... Antillean Antillean
Euphonia, Euphonia,
Euphonia musica. Chlorophonia
musica.
AOS 2021......................... Five-striped Five-striped
Sparrow, Sparrow,
Amphispiza Amphispizopsis
quinquestriata. quinquestriata.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publication source Previous common Current common
and year and scientific and scientific
name. name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AOS 2020a........................ Puerto Rican Puerto Rican Owl,
Screech-Owl, Gymnasio
Megascops nudipes. nudipes.
AOS 2020a, AOS 2021.............. Middendorff's Middendorff's
Grasshopper- Grasshopper
Warbler, Warbler,
Locustella Helopsaltes
ochotensis. ochotensis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
How is the List of Birds protected by the MBTA organized?
The species are listed in two formats to suit the needs of
different segments of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1)
and taxonomically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing,
species are listed by common (English) group names, with the scientific
name of each species following the English group name. This format is
most useful to members of the lay public. In the taxonomic listing,
species are listed in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with
the English name following the scientific name. To help clarify species
relationships, we also list the higher-level taxonomic categories of
Order, Family, and Subfamily. This format follows the sequence adopted
by the AOS (1998, 2021) and is most useful to ornithologists and other
scientists.
In this proposed rule, we present a new proposed table format for
the alphabetical and taxonomic listings at 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and
(c)(2), respectively. We propose this change in presentation of these
listings to conform to Office of the Federal Register formatting
standards and to make information on the lists clearer and easier to
locate. For clarity, we also propose a new section heading for 50 CFR
10.13; rather than the current ``List of Migratory Birds,'' we propose
to title this section of the regulations, ``List of Birds Protected by
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.''
II. Special Double-Crested Cormorant Permit (50 CFR 21.123)
Because we propose to adopt the revised scientific name for the
Double-crested Cormorant on the List of Birds Protected by the MBTA at
50 CFR 10.13, as described above, we also propose to reflect the
revised scientific name for that species (Nannopterum auritum) in our
special permit regulations related to that species at 50 CFR 21.123.
This is purely an administrative action that does not amend the purpose
of, eligibility for, application procedures for, conditions of,
information-collection requirements associated with, or any other
regulatory provisions associated with that permit.
[[Page 75982]]
III. List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife (50 CFR 17.11(h))
We also propose to revise the corresponding entries on the List of
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of several migratory bird species
that are also listed as endangered or threatened species under the ESA
to reflect the currently accepted taxonomy and nomenclature. These
revisions would ensure consistency in the use of common and scientific
names across Service regulations. Some ESA-listed migratory bird
species' names are not included in this proposed rule because they are
being corrected in other documents that have published, or will
publish, in the Federal Register concurrently with this rulemaking.
Background
The List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and the List of
Endangered and Threatened Plants (``the ESA Lists''), set forth in
title 50 of the CFR at Sec. Sec. 17.11 and 17.12, respectively,
contain the names of endangered species and threatened species
federally listed pursuant to the ESA.
The regulations at 50 CFR 17.11(c) and 17.12(b) direct us to use
the most recently accepted scientific name of any wildlife or plant
species, respectively, that we have determined to be an endangered or
threatened species.
Purpose
We propose to revise the ESA List at 50 CFR 17.11(h) to reflect the
scientifically accepted taxonomy and nomenclature of nine bird species
under section 4 of the ESA. These revisions reflect the most recently
accepted scientific nomenclature in accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
None of the taxonomic changes to migratory bird species listed as
endangered or threatened species under the ESA are regulatory in
nature; they are for accuracy and clarity. These revisions would not
alter species' protections or status in any way. Any actions altering a
species' protection or status would require a separate rulemaking
action following the procedures of 50 CFR part 424.
Taxonomic Changes to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
The table below lists the taxonomic changes we propose here to
reflect the revised taxonomy and nomenclature for nine bird species
listed under section 4 of the ESA. These changes reflect the most
recently accepted scientific nomenclature in accordance with 50 CFR
17.11(c).
Table of Proposed Taxonomic Revisions to the ESA List at Sec. 17.11(h)
Reflecting the Current Scientifically Accepted Taxonomy and Nomenclature
for These Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species name as currently listed Corrected species name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL DPS] Caracara, crested, (Audubon's)
(Polyborus plancus audubonii). [FL DPS] (Caracara plancus
audubonii).
Crane, Mississippi sandhill (Grus Crane, Mississippi sandhill
canadensis pulla). (Antigone canadensis pulla).
Nightjar, Puerto Rican (Caprimulgus Nightjar, Puerto Rican
noctitherus). (Antrostomus noctitherus).
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (Columba Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain
inornata wetmorei). (Patagioenas inornata
wetmorei).
Rail, California clapper (Rallus Rail, California Ridgway's
longirostris obsoletus). (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus).
Rail, light-footed clapper (Rallus Rail, light-footed Ridgway's
longirostris levipes). (Rallus obsoletus levipes).
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (Ammodramus Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside
maritimus mirabilis). (Ammospiza maritima
mirabilis).
Tern, California least (Sterna Tern, California least
antillarum browni). (Sternula antillarum browni).
Towhee, Inyo California (Pipilo Towhee, Inyo California
crissalis eremophilus). (Melozone crissalis
eremophilus).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using the best available scientific information, this proposed rule
would document taxonomic changes of the scientific names for nine birds
in their entries on the ESA List. To the extent practicable, the
Service relies on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) to
determine a species' scientific name for inclusion on the List. ITIS
incorporates the naming principles established by the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature, produced by the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, an organization that provides
and regulates a uniform system of zoological nomenclature. While ITIS
is a reliable database source of taxonomic information, in some of
these instances, ITIS is incomplete and does not yet reflect the most
recently accepted scientific names for some species. As noted above,
the scientific names for the nine listed bird species are supported by
AOS's Checklist of North American birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually
(AOU 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, AOS 2018, 2020a, 2020b, and 2021).
The AOU (now AOS) Checklist of North American Birds (Checklist),
developed by the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, has
been the recognized taxonomic authority for North American birds since
publication of the first edition of the Checklist in 1886. The Service
finds that the scientific and common names should be recognized as
presented in the table above. Accordingly, we propose to revise the
scientific names of these species under section 4 of the ESA and in
accordance with 50 CFR 17.11(c).
Of the nine species that are the subjects of the taxonomic
revisions to the ESA List in this proposed rule, three have designated
critical habitat. For clarity and consistency, we propose to revise the
headings of the critical habitat designations at 50 CFR 17.95(b) to
reflect the corrected scientific names for the following species:
Mississippi sandhill crane, Cape Sable seaside sparrow, and Inyo
California towhee.
These changes do not affect the range or endangered or threatened
status for any of these nine listed migratory bird species, or any
designated critical habitat.
IV. Public Comments
Any final action resulting from this proposed rule must be based on
the best scientific and commercial data available and be as accurate
and as effective as possible. We request comments or information from
other concerned governmental agencies, the scientific community,
industry, or any other interested parties concerning this proposed
rule.
Please include sufficient information with your submission (such as
electronic copies of scientific journal articles or other publications,
preferably in English) to allow us to verify any scientific or
commercial information you include.
You may submit your comments and materials concerning this proposed
rule by one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. We request that you
send comments only by the methods described in ADDRESSES.
[[Page 75983]]
If you submit information via https://www.regulations.gov, your
entire submission--including any personal identifying information--will
be posted on the website. If your submission is made via a hardcopy
that includes personal identifying information, you may request at the
top of your document that we withhold this information from public
review. However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so. We
will post all hardcopy submissions on https://www.regulations.gov.
Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting
documentation we used in preparing this proposed rule, will be
available for public inspection on https://www.regulations.gov, or by
appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Program or Ecological Services (see
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
V. Required Determinations
Regulatory Planning and Review
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides that the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management
and Budget will review all significant rules. OIRA has determined that
this proposed rule is not significant.
E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866, while calling
for improvements in the nation's regulatory system to promote
predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most
innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends.
E.O. 13563 directs agencies to consider regulatory approaches that
reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the
public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, and consistent
with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further that
regulations must be based on the best available science and that the
rulemaking process must allow for public participation and an open
exchange of ideas. We have developed this proposed rule in a manner
consistent with these requirements.
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996 (5 U.S.C. 804(2)), whenever an agency is required to
publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must
prepare and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility
analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e.,
small businesses, small organizations, and small government
jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required
if the head of an agency certifies the rule does not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal
agencies to provide the statement of the factual basis for certifying
that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. We have examined this proposed
rule's potential effects on small entities as required by the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have determined that, if adopted as
proposed, this action would not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. This proposed rule is an
administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species
protected under the Conventions and make certain corresponding updates
on the ESA List. Consequently, we certify that, if adopted as proposed,
this rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities; therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis
is not required.
This proposed rule is not a major rule under SBREFA (5 U.S.C.
804(2)). It would not have a significant impact on a substantial number
of small entities.
a. This proposed rule would not have an annual effect on the
economy of $100 million or more.
b. This proposed rule would not cause a major increase in costs or
prices for consumers; individual industries; Federal, State, or local
government agencies; or geographic regions.
c. This proposed rule would not have significant adverse effects on
competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the
ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based
enterprises.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501
et seq.), we have determined the following:
a. This proposed rule would not ``significantly or uniquely''
affect small governments. A small government agency plan is not
required. This proposed rule is an administrative action to update the
list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions and make
certain corresponding updates on the ESA List; it would not affect
small government activities in any significant way.
b. This proposed rule would not produce a federal mandate of $100
million or greater in any year; i.e., it is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
Takings
In accordance with Executive Order 12630, this proposed rule does
not have significant takings implications. This proposed rule does not
contain a provision for taking of private property. Therefore, a
takings implication assessment is not required.
Federalism
This proposed rule does not have sufficient Federalism effects to
warrant preparation of a federalism summary impact statement under
Executive Order 13132. It does not interfere with the States' ability
to manage themselves or their funds. No significant economic impacts
are expected to result from the updating of the list of migratory bird
species and certain entries on the ESA List.
Civil Justice Reform
In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the
Solicitor has determined that this proposed rule does not unduly burden
the judicial system and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and
3(b)(2) of the Order.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule does not contain information collection
requirements, and a submission to the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et
seq.) is not required. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not
required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Given that the proposed revisions in this document are strictly
administrative in nature, this action is categorically excluded from
further NEPA requirements (43 CFR 46.210(i)--applying to ``policies,
directives, regulations, and guidelines that are of an administrative,
financial, legal, technical, or procedural nature'').
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Of the species on the List of Migratory Birds, 89 species,
subspecies, or distinct population segments are also listed as
endangered or threatened under section 4 of the ESA of 1973, as amended
(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). No legal complications arise from the dual
listing as the two lists are developed under separate authorities and
for different purposes. Because this proposed rule is
[[Page 75984]]
strictly administrative in nature, it has no effect on endangered or
threatened species or their designated critical habitat. Thus, it does
not require consultation under section 7 of the ESA.
Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes
In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994,
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American tribal
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we
have evaluated potential effects on federally recognized Indian Tribes
and have determined that there are no potential effects. The proposed
revisions to existing regulations in this rule are purely
administrative in nature and do not interfere with or affect the
Tribes' ability to manage themselves or their funds or to regulate
migratory bird activities on Tribal lands.
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (Executive Order 13211)
On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211
addressing regulations that significantly affect energy supply,
distribution, or use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to
prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions.
Because this proposed rule is an administrative action to update the
list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions and make
certain corresponding updates on the ESA List, it is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, and it does not
significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore,
this action is not a significant energy action, and no Statement of
Energy Effects is required.
Clarity of the Proposed Rule
We are required by Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and by the
Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain
language. This means that each rule we publish must:
(1) Be logically organized;
(2) Use the active voice to address readers directly;
(3) Use clear language rather than jargon;
(4) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and
(5) Use lists and tables wherever possible.
If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us
comments by one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To better help us
revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as possible. For
example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections or paragraphs
that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences are too long,
the sections where you feel lists or tables would be useful, etc.
References Cited
A complete list of all references cited is available on https://www.regulations.gov under Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2022-0036, and upon
request (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, above).
List of Subjects
50 CFR Part 10
Exports, Fish, Imports, Law enforcement, Plants, Transportation,
Wildlife.
50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Plants,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.
50 CFR Part 21
Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Transportation, Wildlife.
Proposed Regulation Promulgation
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, we propose to amend
title 50, chapter I, subchapter B of the Code of Federal Regulations,
as follows:
PART 10--GENERAL PROVISIONS
0
1. The authority citation for part 10 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a-d, 703-712, 742a-j-l, 1361-1384,
1401-1407, 1531-1543, 3371-3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202.
0
2. Amend Sec. 10.13 by revising the section heading and paragraph (c)
to read as follows:
Sec. 10.13 List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
* * * * *
(c) What species are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act?
Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit
the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the
American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American
Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American birds (1998,
as amended through 2021). For species not treated by the AOS Checklist,
we generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements
et al. 2007, as updated through 2021).
(1) Alphabetical listing. The table lists species alphabetically by
common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species
following the common name.
Table 1 to Paragraph (c)--Alphabetical Listing of Birds Protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species scientific
Common name group Species common name name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accentor.................... Siberian Accentor... Prunella montanella.
`Akeke`e.................... `Akeke`e............ Loxops
caeruleirostris.
`Akepa...................... Hawaii `Akepa....... Loxops coccineus.
Maui `Akepa......... Loxops ochraceus.
O`ahu `Akepa........ Loxops
wolstenholmei.
`Akialoa.................... Kauai `Akialoa...... Akialoa stejnegeri.
Maui Nui 'Akialoa... Akialoa lanaiensis.
O`ahu `Akialoa...... Akialoa ellisiana.
`Akiapola`au................ `Akiapola`au........ Hemignathus wilsoni.
`Akikiki.................... `Akikiki............ Oreomystis bairdi.
`Akohekohe.................. `Akohekohe.......... Palmeria dolei.
`Alauahio................... Maui `Alauahio...... Paroreomyza montana.
O`ahu `Alauahio..... Paroreomyza
maculata.
Albatross................... Black-browed Thalassarche
Albatross. melanophris.
Black-footed Phoebastria
Albatross. nigripes.
Chatham Albatross... Thalassarche
eremita.
Laysan Albatross.... Phoebastria
immutabilis.
[[Page 75985]]
Light-mantled Phoebetria
Albatross. palpebrata.
Salvin's Albatross.. Thalassarche
salvini.
Short-tailed Phoebastria
Albatross. albatrus.
Wandering Albatross. Diomedea exulans.
White-capped Thalassarche cauta.
Albatross.
Yellow-nosed Thalassarche
Albatross. chlororhynchos.
`Amakihi.................... Hawaii `Amakihi..... Chlorodrepanis
virens.
Kaua`i `Amakihi..... Chlorodrepanis
stejnegeri.
O`ahu `Amakihi...... Chlorodrepanis
flava.
Anhinga..................... Anhinga............. Anhinga anhinga.
Ani......................... Groove-billed Ani... Crotophaga
sulcirostris.
Smooth-billed Ani... Crotophaga ani.
`Anianiau................... `Anianiau........... Magumma parva.
`Apapane.................... `Apapane............ Himatione sanguinea.
Auklet...................... Cassin's Auklet..... Ptychoramphus
aleuticus.
Crested Auklet...... Aethia cristatella.
Least Auklet........ Aethia pusilla.
Parakeet Auklet..... Aethia psittacula.
Rhinoceros Auklet... Cerorhinca
monocerata.
Whiskered Auklet.... Aethia pygmaea.
Avocet...................... American Avocet..... Recurvirostra
americana.
Bananaquit.................. Bananaquit.......... Coereba flaveola.
Bean-Goose.................. Taiga Bean-Goose.... Anser fabalis.
Tundra Bean-Goose... Anser serrirostris.
Beardless-Tyrannulet........ Northern Beardless- Camptostoma imberbe.
Tyrannulet.
Becard...................... Gray-collared Becard Pachyramphus major.
Rose-throated Becard Pachyramphus
aglaiae.
Bittern..................... American Bittern.... Botaurus
lentiginosus.
Black Bittern....... Ixobrychus
flavicollis.
Least Bittern....... Ixobrychus exilis.
Schrenck's Bittern.. Ixobrychus
eurhythmus.
Yellow Bittern...... Ixobrychus sinensis.
Blackbird................... Brewer's Blackbird.. Euphagus
cyanocephalus.
Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus.
Rusty Blackbird..... Euphagus carolinus.
Tawny-shouldered Agelaius humeralis.
Blackbird.
Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor.
Yellow-headed Xanthocephalus
Blackbird. xanthocephalus.
Yellow-shouldered Agelaius xanthomus.
Blackbird.
Bluebird.................... Eastern Bluebird.... Sialia sialis.
Mountain Bluebird... Sialia currucoides.
Western Bluebird.... Sialia mexicana.
Bluetail.................... Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus.
Bluethroat.................. Bluethroat.......... Cyanecula svecica.
Bobolink.................... Bobolink............ Dolichonyx
oryzivorus.
Boobook..................... Northern Boobook.... Ninox japonica.
Booby....................... Abbott's Booby...... Papasula abbotti.
Blue-footed Booby... Sula nebouxii.
Brown Booby......... Sula leucogaster.
Masked Booby........ Sula dactylatra.
Nazca Booby......... Sula granti.
Red-footed Booby.... Sula sula.
Brambling................... Brambling........... Fringilla
montifringilla.
Brant....................... Brant............... Branta bernicla.
Bufflehead.................. Bufflehead.......... Bucephala albeola.
Bullfinch................... Eurasian Bullfinch.. Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
Puerto Rican Melopyrrha
Bullfinch. portoricensis.
Bunting..................... Blue Bunting........ Cyanocompsa
parellina.
Gray Bunting........ Emberiza variabilis.
Indigo Bunting...... Passerina cyanea.
Lark Bunting........ Calamospiza
melanocorys.
Lazuli Bunting...... Passerina amoena.
Little Bunting...... Emberiza pusilla.
McKay's Bunting..... Plectrophenax
hyperboreus.
Painted Bunting..... Passerina ciris.
Pallas's Bunting.... Emberiza pallasi.
Pine Bunting........ Emberiza
leucocephalos.
Reed Bunting........ Emberiza
schoeniclus.
Rustic Bunting...... Emberiza rustica.
Snow Bunting........ Plectrophenax
nivalis.
Varied Bunting...... Passerina
versicolor.
[[Page 75986]]
Yellow-breasted Emberiza aureola.
Bunting.
Yellow-browed Emberiza
Bunting. chrysophrys.
Yellow-throated Emberiza elegans.
Bunting.
Bushtit..................... Bushtit............. Psaltriparus
minimus.
Buzzard..................... Gray-faced Buzzard.. Butastur indicus.
Long-legged Buzzard. Buteo rufinus.
Canvasback.................. Canvasback.......... Aythya valisineria.
Caracara.................... Crested Caracara.... Caracara plancus.
Cardinal.................... Northern Cardinal... Cardinalis
cardinalis.
Carib....................... Green-throated Carib Eulampis
holosericeus.
Purple-throated Eulampis jugularis.
Carib.
Catbird..................... Black Catbird....... Melanoptila
glabrirostris.
Gray Catbird........ Dumetella
carolinensis.
Chaffinch................... Common Chaffinch.... Fringilla coelebs.
Chat........................ Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens.
Chickadee................... Black-capped Poecile
Chickadee. atricapillus.
Boreal Chickadee.... Poecile hudsonicus.
Carolina Chickadee.. Poecile
carolinensis.
Chestnut-backed Poecile rufescens.
Chickadee.
Gray-headed Poecile cinctus.
Chickadee.
Mexican Chickadee... Poecile sclateri.
Mountain Chickadee.. Poecile gambeli.
Chiffchaff.................. Common Chiffchaff... Phylloscopus
collybita.
Chuck-will's-widow.......... Chuck-will's-widow.. Antrostomus
carolinensis.
Condor...................... California Condor... Gymnogyps
californianus.
Coot........................ American Coot....... Fulica americana.
Eurasian Coot....... Fulica atra.
Hawaiian Coot....... Fulica alai.
Cormorant................... Brandt's Cormorant.. Urile penicillatus.
Double-crested Nannopterum auritum.
Cormorant.
Great Cormorant..... Phalacrocorax carbo.
Little Pied Microcarbo
Cormorant. melanoleucos.
Neotropic Cormorant. Nannopterum
brasilianum.
Pelagic Cormorant... Urile pelagicus.
Red-faced Cormorant. Urile urile.
Cowbird..................... Bronzed Cowbird..... Molothrus aeneus.
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater.
Shiny Cowbird....... Molothrus
bonariensis.
Crake....................... Corn Crake.......... Crex crex.
Paint-billed Crake.. Neocrex erythrops.
Spotless Crake...... Porzana tabuensis.
Yellow-breasted Hapalocrex
Crake. flaviventer.
Crane....................... Common Crane........ Grus grus.
Hooded Crane........ Grus monacha.
Sandhill Crane...... Antigone canadensis.
Whooping Crane...... Grus americana.
Creeper..................... Brown Creeper....... Certhia americana.
Hawaii Creeper...... Loxops mana.
Crossbill................... Cassia Crossbill.... Loxia sinesciuris.
Red Crossbill....... Loxia curvirostra.
White-winged Loxia leucoptera.
Crossbill.
Crow........................ American Crow....... Corvus
brachyrhynchos.
Fish Crow........... Corvus ossifragus.
Hawaiian Crow....... Corvus hawaiiensis.
Mariana Crow........ Corvus kubaryi.
Tamaulipas Crow..... Corvus imparatus.
White-necked Crow... Corvus
leucognaphalus.
Cuckoo...................... Black-billed Cuckoo. Coccyzus
erythropthalmus.
Chestnut-winged Clamator coromandus.
Cuckoo.
Common Cuckoo....... Cuculus canorus.
Dark-billed Cuckoo.. Coccyzus
melacoryphus.
Mangrove Cuckoo..... Coccyzus minor.
Oriental Cuckoo..... Cuculus optatus.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus.
Curlew...................... Bristle-thighed Numenius
Curlew. tahitiensis.
Eskimo Curlew....... Numenius borealis.
Eurasian Curlew..... Numenius arquata.
Far Eastern Curlew.. Numenius
madagascariensis.
Little Curlew....... Numenius minutus.
Long-billed Curlew.. Numenius americanus.
Dickcissel.................. Dickcissel.......... Spiza americana.
[[Page 75987]]
Dipper...................... American Dipper..... Cinclus mexicanus.
Dotterel.................... Eurasian Dotterel... Charadrius
morinellus.
Dove........................ Common Ground Dove.. Columbina passerina.
Inca Dove........... Columbina inca.
Mourning Dove....... Zenaida macroura.
Ruddy Ground Dove... Columbina talpacoti.
Shy Ground Dove..... Alopecoenas stairi.
White-throated Alopecoenas
Ground Dove. xanthonurus.
White-tipped Dove... Leptotila verreauxi.
White-winged Dove... Zenaida asiatica.
Zenaida Dove........ Zenaida aurita.
Dovekie..................... Dovekie............. Alle alle.
Dowitcher................... Long-billed Limnodromus
Dowitcher. scolopaceus.
Short-billed Limnodromus griseus.
Dowitcher.
Duck........................ American Black Duck. Anas rubripes.
Eastern Spot-billed Anas zonorhyncha.
Duck.
Falcated Duck....... Mareca falcata.
Harlequin Duck...... Histrionicus
histrionicus.
Hawaiian Duck....... Anas wyvilliana.
Laysan Duck......... Anas laysanensis.
Long-tailed Duck.... Clangula hyemalis.
Masked Duck......... Nomonyx dominicus.
Mexican Duck........ Anas diazi.
Mottled Duck........ Anas fulvigula.
Muscovy Duck........ Cairina moschata.
Pacific Black Duck.. Anas superciliosa.
Ring-necked Duck.... Aythya collaris.
Ruddy Duck.......... Oxyura jamaicensis.
Tufted Duck......... Aythya fuligula.
Wood Duck........... Aix sponsa.
Dunlin...................... Dunlin.............. Calidris alpina.
Eagle....................... Bald Eagle.......... Haliaeetus
leucocephalus.
Golden Eagle........ Aquila chrysaetos.
White-tailed Eagle.. Haliaeetus
albicilla.
Egret....................... Cattle Egret........ Bubulcus ibis.
Chinese Egret....... Egretta eulophotes.
Great Egret......... Ardea alba.
Intermediate Egret.. Ardea intermedia.
Little Egret........ Egretta garzetta.
Reddish Egret....... Egretta rufescens.
Snowy Egret......... Egretta thula.
Eider....................... Common Eider........ Somateria
mollissima.
King Eider.......... Somateria
spectabilis.
Spectacled Eider.... Somateria fischeri.
Steller's Eider..... Polysticta stelleri.
Elaenia..................... Caribbean Elaenia... Elaenia martinica.
Greenish Elaenia.... Myiopagis
viridicata.
Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia
parvirostris.
White-crested Elaenia albiceps.
Elaenia.
Emerald..................... Puerto Rican Emerald Riccordia maugaeus.
Euphonia.................... Antillean Euphonia.. Chlorophonia musica.
Falcon...................... Amur Falcon......... Falco amurensis.
Aplomado Falcon..... Falco femoralis.
Peregrine Falcon.... Falco peregrinus.
Prairie Falcon...... Falco mexicanus.
Red-footed Falcon... Falco vespertinus.
Fieldfare................... Fieldfare........... Turdus pilaris.
Finch....................... Cassin's Finch...... Haemorhous cassinii.
House Finch......... Haemorhous
mexicanus.
Laysan Finch........ Telespiza cantans.
Nihoa Finch......... Telespiza ultima.
Purple Finch........ Haemorhous
purpureus.
Flamingo.................... American Flamingo... Phoenicopterus
ruber.
Flicker..................... Gilded Flicker...... Colaptes chrysoides.
Northern Flicker.... Colaptes auratus.
Flycatcher.................. Acadian Flycatcher.. Empidonax virescens.
Alder Flycatcher.... Empidonax alnorum.
Ash-throated Myiarchus
Flycatcher. cinerascens.
Asian Brown Muscicapa dauurica.
Flycatcher.
Brown-crested Myiarchus
Flycatcher. tyrannulus.
Buff-breasted Empidonax
Flycatcher. fulvifrons.
[[Page 75988]]
Cordilleran Empidonax
Flycatcher. occidentalis.
Crowned Slaty Empidonomus
Flycatcher. aurantioatrocristat
us.
Dark-sided Muscicapa sibirica.
Flycatcher.
Dusky Flycatcher.... Empidonax
oberholseri.
Dusky-capped Myiarchus
Flycatcher. tuberculifer.
Fork-tailed Tyrannus savana.
Flycatcher.
Gray Flycatcher..... Empidonax wrightii.
Gray-streaked Muscicapa
Flycatcher. griseisticta.
Great Crested Myiarchus crinitus.
Flycatcher.
Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii.
La Sagra's Myiarchus sagrae.
Flycatcher.
Least Flycatcher.... Empidonax minimus.
Mugimaki Flycatcher. Ficedula mugimaki.
Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina.
Nutting's Flycatcher Myiarchus nuttingi.
Olive-sided Contopus cooperi.
Flycatcher.
Pacific-slope Empidonax
Flycatcher. difficilis.
Pine Flycatcher..... Empidonax affinis.
Piratic Flycatcher.. Legatus leucophaius.
Puerto Rican Myiarchus
Flycatcher. antillarum.
Scissor-tailed Tyrannus forficatus.
Flycatcher.
Social Flycatcher... Myiozetetes similis.
Spotted Flycatcher.. Muscicapa striata.
Sulphur-bellied Myiodynastes
Flycatcher. luteiventris.
Taiga Flycatcher.... Ficedula albicilla.
Tufted Flycatcher... Mitrephanes
phaeocercus.
Variegated Empidonomus varius.
Flycatcher.
Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus
rubinus.
Willow Flycatcher... Empidonax traillii.
Yellow-bellied Empidonax
Flycatcher. flaviventris.
Forest-Falcon............... Collared Forest- Micrastur
Falcon. semitorquatus.
Frigatebird................. Great Frigatebird... Fregata minor.
Lesser Frigatebird.. Fregata ariel.
Magnificent Fregata magnificens.
Frigatebird.
Fruit-Dove.................. Crimson-crowned Ptilinopus
Fruit-Dove. porphyraceus.
Many-colored Fruit- Ptilinopus perousii.
Dove.
Mariana Fruit-Dove.. Ptilinopus
roseicapilla.
Fulmar...................... Northern Fulmar..... Fulmarus glacialis.
Gadwall..................... Gadwall............. Mareca strepera.
Gallinule................... Azure Gallinule..... Porphyrio
flavirostris.
Common Gallinule.... Gallinula galeata.
Purple Gallinule.... Porphyrio
martinicus.
Gannet...................... Northern Gannet..... Morus bassanus.
Garganey.................... Garganey............ Spatula querquedula.
Giant-Petrel................ Northern Giant- Macronectes halli.
Petrel.
Gnatcatcher................. Black-capped Polioptila
Gnatcatcher. nigriceps.
Black-tailed Polioptila melanura.
Gnatcatcher.
Blue-Gray Polioptila caerulea.
Gnatcatcher.
California Polioptila
Gnatcatcher. californica.
Godwit...................... Bar-tailed Godwit... Limosa lapponica.
Black-tailed Godwit. Limosa limosa.
Hudsonian Godwit.... Limosa haemastica.
Marbled Godwit...... Limosa fedoa.
Goldeneye................... Barrow's Goldeneye.. Bucephala islandica.
Common Goldeneye.... Bucephala clangula.
Golden-Plover............... American Golden- Pluvialis dominica.
Plover.
European Golden- Pluvialis apricaria.
Plover.
Pacific Golden- Pluvialis fulva.
Plover.
Goldfinch................... American Goldfinch.. Spinus tristis.
Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei.
Lesser Goldfinch.... Spinus psaltria.
Goose....................... Barnacle Goose...... Branta leucopsis.
Cackling Goose...... Branta hutchinsii.
Canada Goose........ Branta canadensis.
Emperor Goose....... Anser canagicus.
Greater White- Anser albifrons.
fronted Goose.
Hawaiian Goose...... Branta sandvicensis.
Lesser White-fronted Anser erythropus.
Goose.
Pink-footed Goose... Anser
brachyrhynchus.
Ross's Goose........ Anser rossii.
Snow Goose.......... Anser caerulescens.
[[Page 75989]]
Goshawk..................... Northern Goshawk.... Accipiter gentilis.
Grackle..................... Boat-tailed Grackle. Quiscalus major.
Common Grackle...... Quiscalus quiscula.
Greater Antillean Quiscalus niger.
Grackle.
Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus.
Grassquit................... Black-faced Melanospiza bicolor.
Grassquit.
Yellow-faced Tiaris olivaceus.
Grassquit.
Grebe....................... Clark's Grebe....... Aechmophorus
clarkii.
Eared Grebe......... Podiceps
nigricollis.
Horned Grebe........ Podiceps auritus.
Least Grebe......... Tachybaptus
dominicus.
Pied-billed Grebe... Podilymbus podiceps.
Red-necked Grebe.... Podiceps grisegena.
Western Grebe....... Aechmophorus
occidentalis.
Greenfinch.................. Oriental Greenfinch. Chloris sinica.
Greenshank.................. Common Greenshank... Tringa nebularia.
Nordmann's Tringa guttifer.
Greenshank.
Grosbeak.................... Black-headed Pheucticus
Grosbeak. melanocephalus.
Blue Grosbeak....... Passerina caerulea.
Crimson-collared Rhodothraupis
Grosbeak. celaeno.
Evening Grosbeak.... Coccothraustes
vespertinus.
Pine Grosbeak....... Pinicola enucleator.
Rose-breasted Pheucticus
Grosbeak. ludovicianus.
Yellow Grosbeak..... Pheucticus
chrysopeplus.
Guillemot................... Black Guillemot..... Cepphus grylle.
Pigeon Guillemot.... Cepphus columba.
Gull........................ Belcher's Gull...... Larus belcheri.
Black-headed Gull... Chroicocephalus
ridibundus.
Black-tailed Gull... Larus crassirostris.
Bonaparte's Gull.... Chroicocephalus
philadelphia.
California Gull..... Larus californicus.
Common Gull......... Larus canus.
Franklin's Gull..... Leucophaeus
pipixcan.
Glaucous Gull....... Larus hyperboreus.
Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens.
Gray-hooded Gull.... Chroicocephalus
cirrocephalus.
Great Black-backed Larus marinus.
Gull.
Heermann's Gull..... Larus heermanni.
Herring Gull........ Larus argentatus.
Iceland Gull........ Larus glaucoides.
Ivory Gull.......... Pagophila eburnea.
Kelp Gull........... Larus dominicanus.
Laughing Gull....... Leucophaeus
atricilla.
Lesser Black-backed Larus fuscus.
Gull.
Little Gull......... Hydrocoloeus
minutus.
Pallas's Gull....... Ichthyaetus
ichthyaetus.
Ring-billed Gull.... Larus delawarensis.
Ross's Gull......... Rhodostethia rosea.
Sabine's Gull....... Xema sabini.
Short-billed Gull... Larus
brachyrhynchus.
Slaty-backed Gull... Larus schistisagus.
Swallow-tailed Gull. Creagrus furcatus.
Western Gull........ Larus occidentalis.
Yellow-footed Gull.. Larus livens.
Yellow-legged Gull.. Larus michahellis.
Gyrfalcon................... Gyrfalcon........... Falco rusticolus.
Harrier..................... Northern Harrier.... Circus hudsonius.
Hawfinch.................... Hawfinch............ Coccothraustes
coccothraustes.
Hawk........................ Broad-winged Hawk... Buteo platypterus.
Common Black Hawk... Buteogallus
anthracinus.
Cooper's Hawk....... Accipiter cooperii.
Crane Hawk.......... Geranospiza
caerulescens.
Ferruginous Hawk.... Buteo regalis.
Gray Hawk........... Buteo plagiatus.
Great Black Hawk.... Buteogallus
urubitinga.
Harris's Hawk....... Parabuteo
unicinctus.
Hawaiian Hawk....... Buteo solitarius.
Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo lineatus.
Red-tailed Hawk..... Buteo jamaicensis.
Roadside Hawk....... Rupornis
magnirostris.
Rough-legged Hawk... Buteo lagopus.
[[Page 75990]]
Sharp-shinned Hawk.. Accipiter striatus.
Short-tailed Hawk... Buteo brachyurus.
Swainson's Hawk..... Buteo swainsoni.
White-tailed Hawk... Geranoaetus
albicaudatus.
Zone-tailed Hawk.... Buteo albonotatus.
Hawk-Cuckoo................. Hodgson's Hawk- Hierococcyx
Cuckoo. nisicolor.
Heron....................... Gray Heron.......... Ardea cinerea.
Great Blue Heron.... Ardea herodias.
Green Heron......... Butorides virescens.
Little Blue Heron... Egretta caerulea.
Tricolored Heron.... Egretta tricolor.
Hobby....................... Eurasian Hobby...... Falco subbuteo.
Honeycreeper................ Laysan Honeycreeper. Himatione fraithii.
Red-legged Cyanerpes cyaneus.
Honeycreeper.
Hoopoe...................... Eurasian Hoopoe..... Upupa epops.
House-Martin................ Common House-Martin. Delichon urbicum.
Hummingbird................. Allen's Hummingbird. Selasphorus sasin.
Anna's Hummingbird.. Calypte anna.
Antillean Crested Orthorhyncus
Hummingbird. cristatus.
Berylline Saucerottia
Hummingbird. beryllina.
Black-chinned Archilochus
Hummingbird. alexandri.
Broad-billed Cynanthus
Hummingbird. latirostris.
Broad-tailed Selasphorus
Hummingbird. platycercus.
Buff-bellied Amazilia
Hummingbird. yucatanensis.
Bumblebee Selasphorus heloisa.
Hummingbird.
Calliope Hummingbird Selasphorus
calliope.
Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia rutila.
Costa's Hummingbird. Calypte costae.
Lucifer Hummingbird. Calothorax lucifer.
Rivoli's Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens.
Ruby-throated Archilochus
Hummingbird. colubris.
Rufous Hummingbird.. Selasphorus rufus.
Vervain Hummingbird. Mellisuga minima.
Violet-crowned Ramosomyia
Hummingbird. violiceps.
White-eared Basilinna leucotis.
Hummingbird.
Xantus's Hummingbird Basilinna xantusii.
Ibis........................ Glossy Ibis......... Plegadis
falcinellus.
Scarlet Ibis........ Eudocimus ruber.
White Ibis.......... Eudocimus albus.
White-faced Ibis.... Plegadis chihi.
`I`iwi...................... `I`iwi.............. Drepanis coccinea.
Imperial-Pigeon............. Pacific Imperial- Ducula pacifica.
Pigeon.
Jabiru...................... Jabiru.............. Jabiru mycteria.
Jacana...................... Northern Jacana..... Jacana spinosa.
Jackdaw..................... Eurasian Jackdaw.... Corvus monedula.
Jaeger...................... Long-tailed Jaeger.. Stercorarius
longicaudus.
Parasitic Jaeger.... Stercorarius
parasiticus.
Pomarine Jaeger..... Stercorarius
pomarinus.
Jay......................... Blue Jay............ Cyanocitta cristata.
Brown Jay........... Psilorhinus morio.
Canada Jay.......... Perisoreus
canadensis.
Green Jay........... Cyanocorax yncas.
Mexican Jay......... Aphelocoma
wollweberi.
Pinyon Jay.......... Gymnorhinus
cyanocephalus.
Steller's Jay....... Cyanocitta stelleri.
Junco....................... Dark-eyed Junco..... Junco hyemalis.
Yellow-eyed Junco... Junco phaeonotus.
K[amacr]k[amacr]wahie....... K[amacr]k[amacr]wahi Paroreomyza flammea.
e.
K[amacr]ma`o................ K[amacr]ma`o........ Myadestes
myadestinus.
Kestrel..................... American Kestrel.... Falco sparverius.
Eurasian Kestrel.... Falco tinnunculus.
Killdeer.................... Killdeer............ Charadrius
vociferus.
Kingbird.................... Cassin's Kingbird... Tyrannus vociferans.
Couch's Kingbird.... Tyrannus couchii.
Eastern Kingbird.... Tyrannus tyrannus.
Gray Kingbird....... Tyrannus
dominicensis.
Loggerhead Kingbird. Tyrannus
caudifasciatus.
Thick-billed Tyrannus
Kingbird. crassirostris.
Tropical Kingbird... Tyrannus
melancholicus.
Western Kingbird.... Tyrannus verticalis.
Kingfisher.................. Amazon Kingfisher... Chloroceryle
amazona.
[[Page 75991]]
Belted Kingfisher... Megaceryle alcyon.
Common Kingfisher... Alcedo atthis.
Green Kingfisher.... Chloroceryle
americana.
Guam Kingfisher..... Todiramphus
cinnamominus.
Mariana Kingfisher.. Todiramphus
albicilla.
Pacific Kingfisher.. Todiramphus sacer.
Ringed Kingfisher... Megaceryle torquata.
Kinglet..................... Golden-crowned Regulus satrapa.
Kinglet.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet Corthylio calendula.
Kiskadee.................... Great Kiskadee...... Pitangus
sulphuratus.
Kite........................ Black Kite.......... Milvus migrans.
Double-toothed Kite. Harpagus bidentatus.
Hook-billed Kite.... Chondrohierax
uncinatus.
Mississippi Kite.... Ictinia
mississippiensis.
Snail Kite.......... Rostrhamus
sociabilis.
Swallow-tailed Kite. Elanoides
forficatus.
White-tailed Kite... Elanus leucurus.
Kittiwake................... Black-legged Rissa tridactyla.
Kittiwake.
Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris.
Knot........................ Great Knot.......... Calidris
tenuirostris.
Red Knot............ Calidris canutus.
Koel........................ Long-tailed Koel.... Urodynamis
taitensis.
Lapwing..................... Northern Lapwing.... Vanellus vanellus.
Lark........................ Horned Lark......... Eremophila
alpestris.
Limpkin..................... Limpkin............. Aramus guarauna.
Lizard-Cuckoo............... Puerto Rican Lizard- Coccyzus vieilloti.
Cuckoo.
Longspur.................... Chestnut-collared Calcarius ornatus.
Longspur.
Lapland Longspur.... Calcarius
lapponicus.
Smith's Longspur.... Calcarius pictus.
Thick-billed Rhynchophanes
Longspur. mccownii.
Loon........................ Arctic Loon......... Gavia arctica.
Common Loon......... Gavia immer.
Pacific Loon........ Gavia pacifica.
Red-throated Loon... Gavia stellata.
Yellow-billed Loon.. Gavia adamsii.
Magpie...................... Black-billed Magpie. Pica hudsonia.
Yellow-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli.
Mallard..................... Mallard............. Anas platyrhynchos.
Mango....................... Puerto Rican Mango.. Anthracothorax
aurulentus.
Green Mango......... Anthracothorax
viridis.
Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax
prevostii.
Marsh-Harrier............... Eastern Marsh- Circus spilonotus.
Harrier.
Martin...................... Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera.
Caribbean Martin.... Progne dominicensis.
Cuban Martin........ Progne cryptoleuca.
Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea.
Purple Martin....... Progne subis.
Southern Martin..... Progne elegans.
Meadowlark.................. Chihuahuan Sturnella lilianae.
Meadowlark.
Eastern Meadowlark.. Sturnella magna.
Western Meadowlark.. Sturnella neglecta.
Merganser................... Common Merganser.... Mergus merganser.
Hooded Merganser.... Lophodytes
cucullatus.
Red-breasted Mergus serrator.
Merganser.
Merlin...................... Merlin.............. Falco columbarius.
Millerbird.................. Millerbird.......... Acrocephalus
familiaris.
Mockingbird................. Bahama Mockingbird.. Mimus gundlachii.
Blue Mockingbird.... Melanotis
caerulescens.
Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos.
Moorhen..................... Eurasian Moorhen.... Gallinula chloropus.
Mountain-gem................ Amethyst-throated Lampornis
Mountain-gem. amethystinus.
Blue-throated Lampornis
Mountain-gem. clemenciae.
Murre....................... Common Murre........ Uria aalge.
Thick-billed Murre.. Uria lomvia.
Murrelet.................... Ancient Murrelet.... Synthliboramphus
antiquus.
Craveri's Murrelet.. Synthliboramphus
craveri.
Guadalupe Murrelet.. Synthliboramphus
hypoleucus.
Kittlitz's Murrelet. Brachyramphus
brevirostris.
Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus
perdix.
Marbled Murrelet.... Brachyramphus
marmoratus.
Scripps's Murrelet.. Synthliboramphus
scrippsi.
[[Page 75992]]
Needletail.................. White-throated Hirundapus
Needletail. caudacutus.
Nighthawk................... Antillean Nighthawk. Chordeiles
gundlachii.
Common Nighthawk.... Chordeiles minor.
Lesser Nighthawk.... Chordeiles
acutipennis.
Night-Heron................. Black-crowned Night- Nycticorax
Heron. nycticorax.
Japanese Night-Heron Gorsachius goisagi.
Malayan Night-Heron. Gorsachius
melanolophus.
Nankeen Night-Heron. Nycticorax
caledonicus.
Yellow-crowned Night- Nyctanassa violacea.
Heron.
Nightingale-Thrush.......... Black-headed Catharus mexicanus.
Nightingale-Thrush.
Orange-billed Catharus
Nightingale-Thrush. aurantiirostris.
Nightjar.................... Buff-collared Antrostomus
Nightjar. ridgwayi.
Gray Nightjar....... Caprimulgus jotaka.
Puerto Rican Antrostomus
Nightjar. noctitherus.
White-tailed Hydropsalis
Nightjar. cayennensis.
Noddy....................... Black Noddy......... Anous minutus.
Blue-gray Noddy..... Anous ceruleus.
Brown Noddy......... Anous stolidus.
Nukupu`u.................... Kauai Nukupu`u...... Hemignathus
hanapepe.
Maui Nukupu`u....... Hemignathus affinis.
O`ahu Nukupu`u...... Hemignathus lucidus.
Nutcracker.................. Clark's Nutcracker.. Nucifraga
columbiana.
Nuthatch.................... Brown-headed Sitta pusilla.
Nuthatch.
Pygmy Nuthatch...... Sitta pygmaea.
Red-breasted Sitta canadensis.
Nuthatch.
White-breasted Sitta carolinensis.
Nuthatch.
Oloma`o..................... Oloma`o............. Myadestes
lanaiensis.
`[Omacr]ma'o................ `[Omacr]ma'o........ Myadestes obscurus.
Oriole...................... Altamira Oriole..... Icterus gularis.
Audubon's Oriole.... Icterus graduacauda.
Baltimore Oriole.... Icterus galbula.
Black-backed Oriole. Icterus abeillei.
Black-vented Oriole. Icterus wagleri.
Bullock's Oriole.... Icterus bullockii.
Hooded Oriole....... Icterus cucullatus.
Orchard Oriole...... Icterus spurius.
Puerto Rican Oriole. Icterus
portoricensis.
Scott's Oriole...... Icterus parisorum.
Streak-backed Oriole Icterus pustulatus.
Osprey...................... Osprey.............. Pandion haliaetus.
`[Omacr]`[umacr]............ `[Omacr]`[umacr].... Psittirostra
psittacea.
Ovenbird.................... Ovenbird............ Seiurus aurocapilla.
Owl......................... Barn Owl............ Tyto alba.
Barred Owl.......... Strix varia.
Boreal Owl.......... Aegolius funereus.
Burrowing Owl....... Athene cunicularia.
Elf Owl............. Micrathene whitneyi.
Flammulated Owl..... Psiloscops
flammeolus.
Great Gray Owl...... Strix nebulosa.
Great Horned Owl.... Bubo virginianus.
Long-eared Owl...... Asio otus.
Mottled Owl......... Strix virgata.
Northern Hawk Owl... Surnia ulula.
Northern Saw-whet Aegolius acadicus.
Owl.
Puerto Rican Owl.... Gymnasio nudipes.
Short-eared Owl..... Asio flammeus.
Snowy Owl........... Bubo scandiacus.
Spotted Owl......... Strix occidentalis.
Stygian Owl......... Asio stygius.
Oystercatcher............... American Haematopus
Oystercatcher. palliatus.
Black Oystercatcher. Haematopus bachmani.
Eurasian Haematopus
Oystercatcher. ostralegus.
Palila...................... Palila.............. Loxioides bailleui.
Palm-Swift.................. Antillean Palm-Swift Tachornis
phoenicobia.
Parrotbill.................. Maui Parrotbill..... Pseudonestor
xanthophrys.
Parula...................... Northern Parula..... Setophaga americana.
Tropical Parula..... Setophaga pitiayumi.
Pauraque.................... Common Pauraque..... Nyctidromus
albicollis.
Pelican..................... American White Pelecanus
Pelican. erythrorhynchos.
Brown Pelican....... Pelecanus
occidentalis.
Petrel...................... Bermuda Petrel...... Pterodroma cahow.
[[Page 75993]]
Black-capped Petrel. Pterodroma hasitata.
Black-winged Petrel. Pterodroma
nigripennis.
Bonin Petrel........ Pterodroma
hypoleuca.
Bulwer's Petrel..... Bulweria bulwerii.
Cook's Petrel....... Pterodroma cookii.
Fea's Petrel........ Pterodroma feae.
Gould's Petrel...... Pterodroma
leucoptera.
Gray-faced Petrel... Pterodroma gouldi.
Hawaiian Petrel..... Pterodroma
sandwichensis.
Herald Petrel....... Pterodroma
heraldica.
Jouanin's Petrel.... Bulweria fallax.
Juan Fernandez Pterodroma externa.
Petrel.
Kermadec Petrel..... Pterodroma neglecta.
Mottled Petrel...... Pterodroma
inexpectata.
Murphy's Petrel..... Pterodroma ultima.
Parkinson's Petrel.. Procellaria
parkinsoni.
Phoenix Petrel...... Pterodroma alba.
Providence Petrel... Pterodroma solandri.
Stejneger's Petrel.. Pterodroma
longirostris.
Tahiti Petrel....... Pseudobulweria
rostrata.
Trindade Petrel..... Pterodroma
arminjoniana.
White-chinned Petrel Procellaria
aequinoctialis.
White-necked Petrel. Pterodroma
cervicalis.
Zino's Petrel....... Pterodroma madeira.
Pewee....................... Cuban Pewee......... Contopus caribaeus.
Greater Pewee....... Contopus pertinax.
Hispaniolan Pewee... Contopus
hispaniolensis.
Lesser Antillean Contopus
Pewee. latirostris.
Phainopepla................. Phainopepla......... Phainopepla nitens.
Phalarope................... Red Phalarope....... Phalaropus
fulicarius.
Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus.
Wilson's Phalarope.. Phalaropus tricolor.
Phoebe...................... Black Phoebe........ Sayornis nigricans.
Eastern Phoebe...... Sayornis phoebe.
Say's Phoebe........ Sayornis saya.
Pigeon...................... Band-tailed Pigeon.. Patagioenas
fasciata.
Plain Pigeon........ Patagioenas
inornata.
Red-billed Pigeon... Patagioenas
flavirostris.
Scaly-naped Pigeon.. Patagioenas
squamosa.
White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas
leucocephala.
Pintail..................... Northern Pintail.... Anas acuta.
White-cheeked Anas bahamensis.
Pintail.
Pipit....................... American Pipit...... Anthus rubescens.
Olive-backed Pipit.. Anthus hodgsoni.
Pechora Pipit....... Anthus gustavi.
Red-throated Pipit.. Anthus cervinus.
Sprague's Pipit..... Anthus spragueii.
Tree Pipit.......... Anthus trivialis.
Plover...................... Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis
squatarola.
Collared Plover..... Charadrius collaris.
Common Ringed Plover Charadrius
hiaticula.
Kentish Plover...... Charadrius
alexandrinus.
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius.
Mountain Plover..... Charadrius montanus.
Piping Plover....... Charadrius melodus.
Semipalmated Plover. Charadrius
semipalmatus.
Snowy Plover........ Charadrius nivosus.
Wilson's Plover..... Charadrius wilsonia.
Pochard..................... Baer's Pochard...... Aythya baeri.
Common Pochard...... Aythya ferina.
Pond-Heron.................. Chinese Pond-Heron.. Ardeola bacchus.
Poorwill.................... Common Poorwill..... Phalaenoptilus
nuttallii.
Po`ouli..................... Po`ouli............. Melamprosops
phaeosoma.
Puaiohi..................... Puaiohi............. Myadestes palmeri.
Puffin...................... Atlantic Puffin..... Fratercula arctica.
Horned Puffin....... Fratercula
corniculata.
Tufted Puffin....... Fratercula cirrhata.
Pygmy-Owl................... Ferruginous Pygmy- Glaucidium
Owl. brasilianum.
Northern Pygmy-Owl.. Glaucidium gnoma.
Pyrrhuloxia................. Pyrrhuloxia......... Cardinalis sinuatus.
Quail-Dove.................. Bridled Quail-Dove.. Geotrygon mystacea.
[[Page 75994]]
Key West Quail-Dove. Geotrygon chrysia.
Ruddy Quail-Dove.... Geotrygon montana.
Quetzal..................... Eared Quetzal....... Euptilotis neoxenus.
Rail........................ Black Rail.......... Laterallus
jamaicensis.
Buff-banded Rail.... Gallirallus
philippensis.
Clapper Rail........ Rallus crepitans.
Guam Rail........... Gallirallus owstoni.
King Rail........... Rallus elegans.
Ridgway's Rail...... Rallus obsoletus.
Spotted Rail........ Pardirallus
maculatus.
Virginia Rail....... Rallus limicola.
Yellow Rail......... Coturnicops
noveboracensis.
Raven....................... Chihuahuan Raven.... Corvus cryptoleucus.
Common Raven........ Corvus corax.
Razorbill................... Razorbill........... Alca torda.
Redhead..................... Redhead............. Aythya americana.
Redpoll..................... Common Redpoll...... Acanthis flammea.
Hoary Redpoll....... Acanthis hornemanni.
Redshank.................... Common Redshank..... Tringa totanus.
Spotted Redshank.... Tringa erythropus.
Redstart.................... American Redstart... Setophaga ruticilla.
Common Redstart..... Phoenicurus
phoenicurus.
Painted Redstart.... Myioborus pictus.
Slate-throated Myioborus miniatus.
Redstart.
Redwing..................... Redwing............. Turdus iliacus.
Reef-Heron.................. Pacific Reef-Heron.. Egretta sacra.
Western Reef-Heron.. Egretta gularis.
Roadrunner.................. Greater Roadrunner.. Geococcyx
californianus.
Robin....................... American Robin...... Turdus migratorius.
European Robin...... Erithacus rubecula.
Rufous-backed Robin. Turdus
rufopalliatus.
Rufous-tailed Robin. Larvivora sibilans.
Siberian Blue Robin. Larvivora cyane.
Rock-Thrush................. Blue Rock-Thrush.... Monticola
solitarius.
Rosefinch................... Common Rosefinch.... Carpodacus
erythrinus.
Pallas's Rosefinch.. Carpodacus roseus.
Rosy-Finch.................. Asian Rosy-Finch.... Leucosticte arctoa.
Black Rosy-Finch.... Leucosticte atrata.
Brown-capped Rosy- Leucosticte
Finch. australis.
Gray-crowned Rosy- Leucosticte
Finch. tephrocotis.
Rubythroat.................. Siberian Rubythroat. Calliope calliope.
Ruff........................ Ruff................ Calidris pugnax.
Sanderling.................. Sanderling.......... Calidris alba.
Sandpiper................... Baird's Sandpiper... Calidris bairdii.
Broad-billed Calidris
Sandpiper. falcinellus.
Buff-breasted Calidris
Sandpiper. subruficollis.
Common Sandpiper.... Actitis hypoleucos.
Curlew Sandpiper.... Calidris ferruginea.
Green Sandpiper..... Tringa ochropus.
Least Sandpiper..... Calidris minutilla.
Marsh Sandpiper..... Tringa stagnatilis.
Pectoral Sandpiper.. Calidris melanotos.
Purple Sandpiper.... Calidris maritima.
Rock Sandpiper...... Calidris
ptilocnemis.
Semipalmated Calidris pusilla.
Sandpiper.
Sharp-tailed Calidris acuminata.
Sandpiper.
Solitary Sandpiper.. Tringa solitaria.
Spoon-billed Calidris pygmea.
Sandpiper.
Spotted Sandpiper... Actitis macularius.
Stilt Sandpiper..... Calidris himantopus.
Terek Sandpiper..... Xenus cinereus.
Upland Sandpiper.... Bartramia
longicauda.
Western Sandpiper... Calidris mauri.
White-rumped Calidris
Sandpiper. fuscicollis.
Wood Sandpiper...... Tringa glareola.
Sand-Plover................. Greater Sand-Plover. Charadrius
leschenaultii.
Lesser Sand-Plover.. Charadrius mongolus.
Sapsucker................... Red-breasted Sphyrapicus ruber.
Sapsucker.
Red-naped Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus
nuchalis.
Williamson's Sphyrapicus
Sapsucker. thyroideus.
Yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius.
Sapsucker.
[[Page 75995]]
Scaup....................... Greater Scaup....... Aythya marila.
Lesser Scaup........ Aythya affinis.
Scops-Owl................... Oriental Scops-Owl.. Otus sunia.
Scoter...................... Black Scoter........ Melanitta americana.
Common Scoter....... Melanitta nigra.
Stejneger's Scoter.. Melanitta stejneger.
Surf Scoter......... Melanitta
perspicillata.
White-winged Scoter. Melanitta deglandi.
Screech-Owl................. Eastern Screech-Owl. Megascops asio.
Western Screech-Owl. Megascops
kennicottii.
Whiskered Screech- Megascops
Owl. trichopsis.
Scrub-Jay................... California Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma
californica.
Florida Scrub-Jay... Aphelocoma
coerulescens.
Island Scrub-Jay.... Aphelocoma
insularis.
Woodhouse's Scrub- Aphelocoma
Jay. woodhouseii.
Sea-Eagle................... Steller's Sea-Eagle. Haliaeetus
pelagicus.
Seedeater................... Morelet's Seedeater. Sporophila
morelleti.
Shearwater.................. Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus
lherminieri.
Barolo Shearwater... Puffinus baroli.
Black-vented Puffinus
Shearwater. opisthomelas.
Bryan's Shearwater.. Puffinus bryani.
Buller's Shearwater. Ardenna bulleri.
Cape Verde Calonectris
Shearwater. edwardsii.
Christmas Shearwater Puffinus
nativitatis.
Cory's Shearwater... Calonectris
diomedea.
Flesh-footed Ardenna carneipes.
Shearwater.
Great Shearwater.... Ardenna gravis.
Manx Shearwater..... Puffinus puffinus.
Newell's Shearwater. Puffinus newelli.
Pink-footed Ardenna creatopus.
Shearwater.
Short-tailed Ardenna
Shearwater. tenuirostris.
Sooty Shearwater.... Ardenna grisea.
Streaked Shearwater. Calonectris
leucomelas.
Wedge-tailed Ardenna pacifica.
Shearwater.
Shoveler.................... Northern Shoveler... Spatula clypeata.
Shrike...................... Brown Shrike........ Lanius cristatus.
Loggerhead Shrike... Lanius ludovicianus.
Northern Shrike..... Lanius borealis.
Silky-Flycatcher............ Gray Silky- Ptiliogonys
Flycatcher. cinereus.
Siskin...................... Eurasian Siskin..... Spinus spinus.
Pine Siskin......... Spinus pinus.
Skimmer..................... Black Skimmer....... Rynchops niger.
Skua........................ Great Skua.......... Stercorarius skua.
South Polar Skua.... Stercorarius
maccormicki.
Skylark..................... Eurasian Skylark.... Alauda arvensis.
Smew........................ Smew................ Mergellus albellus.
Snipe....................... Common Snipe........ Gallinago gallinago.
Jack Snipe.......... Lymnocryptes
minimus.
Pin-tailed Snipe.... Gallinago stenura.
Solitary Snipe...... Gallinago solitaria.
Swinhoe's Snipe..... Gallinago megala.
Wilson's Snipe...... Gallinago delicata.
Solitaire................... Brown-backed Myadestes
Solitaire. occidentalis.
Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi.
Sora........................ Sora................ Porzana carolina.
Sparrow..................... American Tree Spizelloides
Sparrow. arborea.
Bachman's Sparrow... Peucaea aestivalis.
Baird's Sparrow..... Centronyx bairdii.
Bell's Sparrow...... Artemisiospiza
belli.
Black-chinned Spizella
Sparrow. atrogularis.
Black-throated Amphispiza
Sparrow. bilineata.
Botteri's Sparrow... Peucaea botterii.
Brewer's Sparrow.... Spizella breweri.
Cassin's Sparrow.... Peucaea cassinii.
Chipping Sparrow.... Spizella passerina.
Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida.
Field Sparrow....... Spizella pusilla.
Five-striped Sparrow Amphispizopsis
quinquestriata.
Fox Sparrow......... Passerella iliaca.
Golden-crowned Zonotrichia
Sparrow. atricapilla.
Grasshopper Sparrow. Ammodramus
savannarum.
[[Page 75996]]
Harris's Sparrow.... Zonotrichia querula.
Henslow's Sparrow... Centronyx henslowii.
Lark Sparrow........ Chondestes
grammacus.
LeConte's Sparrow... Ammospiza leconteii.
Lincoln's Sparrow... Melospiza lincolnii.
Nelson's Sparrow.... Ammospiza nelsoni.
Olive Sparrow....... Arremonops
rufivirgatus.
Rufous-crowned Aimophila ruficeps.
Sparrow.
Rufous-winged Peucaea carpalis.
Sparrow.
Sagebrush Sparrow... Artemisiospiza
nevadensis.
Saltmarsh Sparrow... Ammospiza caudacuta.
Savannah Sparrow.... Passerculus
sandwichensis.
Seaside Sparrow..... Ammospiza maritima.
Song Sparrow........ Melospiza melodia.
Swamp Sparrow....... Melospiza georgiana.
Vesper Sparrow...... Pooecetes gramineus.
White-crowned Zonotrichia
Sparrow. leucophrys.
White-throated Zonotrichia
Sparrow. albicollis.
Worthen's Sparrow... Spizella wortheni.
Sparrowhawk................. Chinese Sparrowhawk. Accipiter soloensis.
Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis.
Spindalis................... Puerto Rican Spindalis
Spindalis. portoricensis.
Western Spindalis... Spindalis zena.
Spoonbill................... Roseate Spoonbill... Platalea ajaja.
Starling.................... Chestnut-cheeked Agropsar
Starling. philippensis.
White-cheeked Spodiopsar
Starling. cineraceus.
Starthroat.................. Plain-capped Heliomaster
Starthroat. constantii.
Stilt....................... Black-necked Stilt.. Himantopus
mexicanus.
Black-winged Stilt.. Himantopus
himantopus.
Stint....................... Little Stint........ Calidris minuta.
Long-toed Stint..... Calidris subminuta.
Red-necked Stint.... Calidris ruficollis.
Temminck's Stint.... Calidris temminckii.
Stonechat................... Asian Stonechat..... Saxicola maurus.
Stork....................... Wood Stork.......... Mycteria americana.
Storm-Petrel................ Ashy Storm-Petrel... Hydrobates
homochroa.
Band-rumped Storm- Hydrobates castro.
Petrel.
Black Storm-Petrel.. Hydrobates melania.
Black-bellied Storm- Fregetta tropica.
Petrel.
European Storm- Hydrobates
Petrel. pelagicus.
Fork-tailed Storm- Hydrobates furcatus.
Petrel.
Leach's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates
leucorhous.
Least Storm-Petrel.. Hydrobates
microsoma.
Matsudaira's Storm- Hydrobates
Petrel. matsudairae.
Polynesian Storm- Nesofregetta
Petrel. fuliginosa.
Ringed Storm-Petrel. Hydrobates hornbyi.
Swinhoe's Storm- Hydrobates monorhis.
Petrel.
Townsend's Storm- Hydrobates
Petrel. socorroensis.
Tristram's Storm- Hydrobates
Petrel. tristrami.
Wedge-rumped Storm- Hydrobates tethys.
Petrel.
White-bellied Storm- Fregetta grallaria.
Petrel.
White-faced Storm- Pelagodroma marina.
Petrel.
Wilson's Storm- Oceanites oceanicus.
Petrel.
Surfbird.................... Surfbird............ Calidris virgata.
Swallow..................... Bahama Swallow...... Tachycineta
cyaneoviridis.
Bank Swallow........ Riparia riparia.
Barn Swallow........ Hirundo rustica.
Blue-and-white Pygochelidon
Swallow. cyanoleuca.
Cave Swallow........ Petrochelidon fulva.
Cliff Swallow....... Petrochelidon
pyrrhonota.
Mangrove Swallow.... Tachycineta
albilinea.
Northern Rough- Stelgidopteryx
winged Swallow. serripennis.
Tree Swallow........ Tachycineta bicolor.
Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta
thalassina.
Swamphen.................... Purple Swamphen..... Porphyrio porphyrio.
Swan........................ Trumpeter Swan...... Cygnus buccinator.
Tundra Swan......... Cygnus columbianus.
Whooper Swan........ Cygnus cygnus.
Swift....................... Alpine Swift........ Apus melba.
Black Swift......... Cypseloides niger.
Chimney Swift....... Chaetura pelagica.
[[Page 75997]]
Common Swift........ Apus apus.
Fork-tailed Swift... Apus pacificus.
Short-tailed Swift.. Chaetura brachyura.
Vaux's Swift........ Chaetura vauxi.
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne
zonaris.
White-throated Swift Aeronautes
saxatalis.
Swiftlet.................... Mariana Swiftlet.... Aerodramus bartschi.
White-rumped Aerodramus
Swiftlet. spodiopygius.
Tanager..................... Flame-colored Piranga bidentata.
Tanager.
Hepatic Tanager..... Piranga flava.
Puerto Rican Tanager Nesospingus
speculiferus.
Scarlet Tanager..... Piranga olivacea.
Summer Tanager...... Piranga rubra.
Western Tanager..... Piranga ludoviciana.
Tattler..................... Gray-tailed Tattler. Tringa brevipes.
Wandering Tattler... Tringa incana.
Teal........................ Baikal Teal......... Sibirionetta
formosa.
Blue-winged Teal.... Spatula discors.
Cinnamon Teal....... Spatula cyanoptera.
Green-winged Teal... Anas crecca.
Tern........................ Aleutian Tern....... Onychoprion
aleuticus.
Arctic Tern......... Sterna paradisaea.
Black Tern.......... Chlidonias niger.
Black-naped Tern.... Sterna sumatrana.
Bridled Tern........ Onychoprion
anaethetus.
Caspian Tern........ Hydroprogne caspia.
Common Tern......... Sterna hirundo.
Elegant Tern........ Thalasseus elegans.
Forster's Tern...... Sterna forsteri.
Gray-backed Tern.... Onychoprion lunatus.
Great Crested Tern.. Thalasseus bergii.
Gull-billed Tern.... Gelochelidon
nilotica.
Inca Tern........... Larosterna inca.
Large-billed Tern... Phaetusa simplex.
Least Tern.......... Sternula antillarum.
Little Tern......... Sternula albifrons.
Roseate Tern........ Sterna dougallii.
Royal Tern.......... Thalasseus maximus.
Sandwich Tern....... Thalasseus
sandvicensis.
Sooty Tern.......... Onychoprion
fuscatus.
Whiskered Tern...... Chlidonias hybrida.
White Tern.......... Gygis alba.
White-winged Tern... Chlidonias
leucopterus.
Thrasher.................... Bendire's Thrasher.. Toxostoma bendirei.
Brown Thrasher...... Toxostoma rufum.
California Thrasher. Toxostoma redivivum.
Crissal Thrasher.... Toxostoma crissale.
Curve-billed Toxostoma
Thrasher. curvirostre.
LeConte's Thrasher.. Toxostoma lecontei.
Long-billed Thrasher Toxostoma
longirostre.
Pearly-eyed Thrasher Margarops fuscatus.
Sage Thrasher....... Oreoscoptes
montanus.
Thrush...................... Aztec Thrush........ Ridgwayia pinicola.
Bicknell's Thrush... Catharus bicknelli.
Clay-colored Thrush. Turdus grayi.
Dusky Thrush........ Turdus eunomus.
Eyebrowed Thrush.... Turdus obscurus.
Gray-cheeked Thrush. Catharus minimus.
Hermit Thrush....... Catharus guttatus.
Naumann's Thrush.... Turdus naumanni.
Red-legged Thrush... Turdus plumbeus.
Swainson's Thrush... Catharus ustulatus.
Varied Thrush....... Ixoreus naevius.
White-throated Turdus assimilis.
Thrush.
Wood Thrush......... Hylocichla
mustelina.
Tiger-Heron................. Bare-throated Tiger- Tigrisoma mexicanum.
Heron.
Titmouse.................... Black-crested Baeolophus
Titmouse. atricristatus.
Bridled Titmouse.... Baeolophus
wollweberi.
Juniper Titmouse.... Baeolophus ridgwayi.
Oak Titmouse........ Baeolophus
inornatus.
Tufted Titmouse..... Baeolophus bicolor.
[[Page 75998]]
Tityra...................... Masked Tityra....... Tityra semifasciata.
Towhee...................... Abert's Towhee...... Melozone aberti.
California Towhee... Melozone crissalis.
Canyon Towhee....... Melozone fusca.
Eastern Towhee...... Pipilo
erythrophthalmus.
Green-tailed Towhee. Pipilo chlorurus.
Spotted Towhee...... Pipilo maculatus.
Trogon...................... Elegant Trogon...... Trogon elegans.
Tropicbird.................. Red-billed Phaethon aethereus.
Tropicbird.
Red-tailed Phaethon rubricauda.
Tropicbird.
White-tailed Phaethon lepturus.
Tropicbird.
Turnstone................... Black Turnstone..... Arenaria
melanocephala.
Ruddy Turnstone..... Arenaria interpres.
Turtle-Dove................. Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia
orientalis.
Veery....................... Veery............... Catharus fuscescens.
Verdin...................... Verdin.............. Auriparus flaviceps.
Violetear................... Mexican Violetear... Colibri thalassinus.
Vireo....................... Bell's Vireo........ Vireo bellii.
Black-capped Vireo.. Vireo atricapilla.
Black-whiskered Vireo altiloquus.
Vireo.
Blue-headed Vireo... Vireo solitarius.
Cassin's Vireo...... Vireo cassinii.
Cuban Vireo......... Vireo gundlachii.
Gray Vireo.......... Vireo vicinior.
Hutton's Vireo...... Vireo huttoni.
Philadelphia Vireo.. Vireo
philadelphicus.
Plumbeous Vireo..... Vireo plumbeus.
Puerto Rican Vireo.. Vireo latimeri.
Red-eyed Vireo...... Vireo olivaceus.
Thick-billed Vireo.. Vireo crassirostris.
Warbling Vireo...... Vireo gilvus.
White-eyed Vireo.... Vireo griseus.
Yellow-green Vireo.. Vireo flavoviridis.
Yellow-throated Vireo flavifrons.
Vireo.
Yucatan Vireo....... Vireo magister.
Vulture..................... Black Vulture....... Coragyps atratus.
Turkey Vulture...... Cathartes aura.
Wagtail..................... Citrine Wagtail..... Motacilla citreola.
Eastern Yellow Motacilla
Wagtail. tschutschensis.
Gray Wagtail........ Motacilla cinerea.
White Wagtail....... Motacilla alba.
Warbler..................... Adelaide's Warbler.. Setophaga adelaidae.
Aguiguan Reed Acrocephalus nijoi.
Warbler.
Arctic Warbler...... Phylloscopus
borealis.
Bachman's Warbler... Vermivora bachmanii.
Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea.
Black-and-white Mniotilta varia.
Warbler.
Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca.
Blackpoll Warbler... Setophaga striata.
Black-throated Blue Setophaga
Warbler. caerulescens.
Black-throated Gray Setophaga
Warbler. nigrescens.
Black-throated Green Setophaga virens.
Warbler.
Blue-winged Warbler. Vermivora
cyanoptera.
Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus
dumetorum.
Canada Warbler...... Cardellina
canadensis.
Cape May Warbler.... Setophaga tigrina.
Cerulean Warbler.... Setophaga cerulea.
Chestnut-sided Setophaga
Warbler. pensylvanica.
Colima Warbler...... Leiothlypis
crissalis.
Connecticut Warbler. Oporornis agilis.
Crescent-chested Oreothlypis
Warbler. superciliosa.
Dusky Warbler....... Phylloscopus
fuscatus.
Elfin-woods Warbler. Setophaga angelae.
Fan-tailed Warbler.. Basileuterus
lachrymosus.
Golden-cheeked Setophaga
Warbler. chrysoparia.
Golden-crowned Basileuterus
Warbler. culicivorus.
Golden-winged Vermivora
Warbler. chrysoptera.
Grace's Warbler..... Setophaga graciae.
Hermit Warbler...... Setophaga
occidentalis.
Hooded Warbler...... Setophaga citrina.
Kamchatka Leaf Phylloscopus
Warbler. examinandus.
[[Page 75999]]
Kentucky Warbler.... Geothlypis formosa.
Kirtland's Warbler.. Setophaga
kirtlandii.
Lanceolated Warbler. Locustella
lanceolata.
Lucy's Warbler...... Leiothlypis luciae.
MacGillivray's Geothlypis tolmiei.
Warbler.
Magnolia Warbler.... Setophaga magnolia.
Middendorff's Helopsaltes
Grasshopper Warbler. ochotensis.
Mourning Warbler.... Geothlypis
philadelphia.
Nashville Warbler... Leiothlypis
ruficapilla.
Nightingale Reed Acrocephalus
Warbler. luscinius.
Olive Warbler....... Peucedramus
taeniatus.
Orange-crowned Leiothlypis celata.
Warbler.
Pagan Reed Warbler.. Acrocephalus
yamashinae.
Pallas's Grasshopper Helopsaltes
Warbler. certhiola.
Pallas's Leaf Phylloscopus
Warbler. proregulus.
Palm Warbler........ Setophaga palmarum.
Pine Warbler........ Setophaga pinus.
Prairie Warbler..... Setophaga discolor.
Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea.
Red-faced Warbler... Cardellina
rubrifrons.
River Warbler....... Locustella
fluviatilis.
Rufous-capped Basileuterus
Warbler. rufifrons.
Saipan Reed warbler. Acrocephalus hiwae.
Sedge Warbler....... Acrocephalus
schoenobaenus.
Swainson's Warbler.. Limnothlypis
swainsonii.
Tennessee Warbler... Leiothlypis
peregrina.
Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon.
Townsend's Warbler.. Setophaga townsendi.
Virginia's Warbler.. Leiothlypis
virginiae.
Willow Warbler...... Phylloscopus
trochilus.
Wilson's Warbler.... Cardellina pusilla.
Wood Warbler........ Phylloscopus
sibilatrix.
Worm-eating Warbler. Helmitheros
vermivorum.
Yellow Warbler...... Setophaga petechia.
Yellow-browed Phylloscopus
Warbler. inornatus.
Yellow-rumped Setophaga coronata.
Warbler.
Yellow-throated Setophaga dominica.
Warbler.
Waterthrush................. Louisiana Parkesia motacilla.
Waterthrush.
Northern Waterthrush Parkesia
noveboracensis.
Waxwing..................... Bohemian Waxwing.... Bombycilla garrulus.
Cedar Waxwing....... Bombycilla cedrorum.
Wheatear.................... Northern Wheatear... Oenanthe oenanthe.
Pied Wheatear....... Oenanthe pleschanka.
Whimbrel.................... Whimbrel............ Numenius phaeopus.
Whip-poor-will.............. Eastern Whip-poor- Antrostomus
will. vociferus.
Mexican Whip-poor- Antrostomus
will. arizonae.
Whistling-Duck.............. Black-bellied Dendrocygna
Whistling-Duck. autumnalis.
Fulvous Whistling- Dendrocygna bicolor.
Duck.
West Indian Dendrocygna arborea.
Whistling-Duck.
Whitethroat................. Lesser Whitethroat.. Sylvia curruca.
Wigeon...................... American Wigeon..... Mareca americana.
Eurasian Wigeon..... Mareca penelope.
Willet...................... Willet.............. Tringa semipalmata.
Woodcock.................... American Woodcock... Scolopax minor.
Eurasian Woodcock... Scolopax rusticola.
Woodpecker.................. Acorn Woodpecker.... Melanerpes
formicivorus.
American Three-toed Picoides dorsalis.
Woodpecker.
Arizona Woodpecker.. Dryobates arizonae.
Black-backed Picoides arcticus.
Woodpecker.
Downy Woodpecker.... Dryobates pubescens.
Gila Woodpecker..... Melanerpes
uropygialis.
Golden-fronted Melanerpes
Woodpecker. aurifrons.
Great Spotted Dendrocopos major.
Woodpecker.
Hairy Woodpecker.... Dryobates villosus.
Ivory-billed Campephilus
Woodpecker. principalis.
Ladder-backed Dryobates scalaris.
Woodpecker.
Lewis's Woodpecker.. Melanerpes lewis.
Nuttall's Woodpecker Dryobates nuttallii.
Pileated Woodpecker. Dryocopus pileatus.
Puerto Rican Melanerpes
Woodpecker. portoricensis.
Red-bellied Melanerpes
Woodpecker. carolinus.
[[Page 76000]]
Red-cockaded Dryobates borealis.
Woodpecker.
Red-headed Melanerpes
Woodpecker. erythrocephalus.
White-headed Dryobates
Woodpecker. albolarvatus.
Wood-Pewee.................. Eastern Wood-Pewee.. Contopus virens.
Western Wood-Pewee.. Contopus sordidulus.
Wood-Rail................... Rufous-necked Wood- Aramides axillaris.
Rail.
Woodstar.................... Bahama Woodstar..... Nesophlox evelynae.
Wren........................ Bewick's Wren....... Thryomanes bewickii.
Cactus Wren......... Campylorhynchus
brunneicapillus.
Canyon Wren......... Catherpes mexicanus.
Carolina Wren....... Thryothorus
ludovicianus.
House Wren.......... Troglodytes aedon.
Marsh Wren.......... Cistothorus
palustris.
Pacific Wren........ Troglodytes
pacificus.
Rock Wren........... Salpinctes
obsoletus.
Sedge Wren.......... Cistothorus
stellaris.
Sinaloa Wren........ Thryophilus sinaloa.
Winter Wren......... Troglodytes
hiemalis.
Wrentit..................... Wrentit............. Chamaea fasciata.
Wryneck..................... Eurasian Wryneck.... Jynx torquilla.
Yellowlegs.................. Greater Yellowlegs.. Tringa melanoleuca.
Lesser Yellowlegs... Tringa flavipes.
Yellowthroat................ Common Yellowthroat. Geothlypis trichas.
Gray-crowned Geothlypis
Yellowthroat. poliocephala
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Taxonomic listing. The table lists species in phylogenetic
sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following
the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also
provide the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and
Subfamily.
Table 2 to Paragraph (c)--Taxonomic Listing of Birds Protected by the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species scientific name Species common name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Order Anseriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Anatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Dendrocygninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dendrocygna autumnalis................. Black-bellied Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna arborea.................... West Indian Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna bicolor.................... Fulvous Whistling-Duck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Anserinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anser canagicus........................ Emperor Goose.
Anser caerulescens..................... Snow Goose.
Anser rossii........................... Ross's Goose.
Anser albifrons........................ Greater White-fronted Goose.
Anser erythropus....................... Lesser White-fronted Goose.
Anser fabalis.......................... Taiga Bean-Goose.
Anser serrirostris..................... Tundra Bean-Goose.
Anser brachyrhynchus................... Pink-footed Goose.
Branta bernicla........................ Brant.
Branta leucopsis....................... Barnacle Goose.
Branta hutchinsii...................... Cackling Goose.
Branta canadensis...................... Canada Goose.
Branta sandvicensis.................... Hawaiian Goose.
Cygnus buccinator...................... Trumpeter Swan.
Cygnus columbianus..................... Tundra Swan.
Cygnus cygnus.......................... Whooper Swan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Anatinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cairina moschata....................... Muscovy Duck.
Aix sponsa............................. Wood Duck.
Sibirionetta formosa................... Baikal Teal.
Spatula querquedula.................... Garganey.
Spatula discors........................ Blue-winged Teal.
[[Page 76001]]
Spatula cyanoptera..................... Cinnamon Teal.
Spatula clypeata....................... Northern Shoveler.
Mareca strepera........................ Gadwall.
Mareca falcata......................... Falcated Duck.
Mareca penelope........................ Eurasian Wigeon.
Mareca americana....................... American Wigeon
Anas laysanensis....................... Laysan Duck.
Anas wyvilliana........................ Hawaiian Duck.
Anas zonorhyncha....................... Eastern Spot-billed Duck.
Anas platyrhynchos..................... Mallard.
Anas diazi............................. Mexican Duck.
Anas rubripes.......................... American Black Duck.
Anas fulvigula......................... Mottled Duck.
Anas superciliosa...................... Pacific Black Duck.
Anas bahamensis........................ White-cheeked Pintail.
Anas acuta............................. Northern Pintail.
Anas crecca............................ Green-winged Teal.
Aythya valisineria..................... Canvasback.
Aythya americana....................... Redhead.
Aythya ferina.......................... Common Pochard.
Aythya baeri........................... Baer's Pochard.
Aythya collaris........................ Ring-necked Duck.
Aythya fuligula........................ Tufted Duck.
Aythya marila.......................... Greater Scaup.
Aythya affinis......................... Lesser Scaup.
Polysticta stelleri.................... Steller's Eider.
Somateria fischeri..................... Spectacled Eider.
Somateria spectabilis.................. King Eider.
Somateria mollissima................... Common Eider.
Histrionicus histrionicus.............. Harlequin Duck.
Melanitta perspicillata................ Surf Scoter.
Melanitta deglandi..................... White-winged Scoter.
Melanitta stejneger.................... Stejneger's Scoter.
Melanitta nigra........................ Common Scoter.
Melanitta americana.................... Black Scoter.
Clangula hyemalis...................... Long-tailed Duck.
Bucephala albeola...................... Bufflehead.
Bucephala clangula..................... Common Goldeneye.
Bucephala islandica.................... Barrow's Goldeneye.
Mergellus albellus..................... Smew.
Lophodytes cucullatus.................. Hooded Merganser.
Mergus merganser....................... Common Merganser.
Mergus serrator........................ Red-breasted Merganser.
Nomonyx dominicus...................... Masked Duck.
Oxyura jamaicensis..................... Ruddy Duck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Phoenicopteridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenicopterus ruber................... American Flamingo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Order Podicipediformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Podicipedidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tachybaptus dominicus.................. Least Grebe.
Podilymbus podiceps.................... Pied-billed Grebe.
Podiceps auritus....................... Horned Grebe.
Podiceps grisegena..................... Red-necked Grebe.
Podiceps nigricollis................... Eared Grebe.
Aechmophorus occidentalis.............. Western Grebe.
Aechmophorus clarkii................... Clark's Grebe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) Order Columbiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Columbidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patagioenas squamosa................... Scaly-naped Pigeon.
Patagioenas leucocephala............... White-crowned Pigeon.
Patagioenas flavirostris............... Red-billed Pigeon.
[[Page 76002]]
Patagioenas inornata................... Plain Pigeon.
Patagioenas fasciata................... Band-tailed Pigeon.
Streptopelia orientalis................ Oriental Turtle-Dove.
Alopecoenas stairi..................... Shy Ground Dove.
Alopecoenas xanthonurus................ White-throated Ground Dove.
Columbina inca......................... Inca Dove.
Columbina passerina.................... Common Ground Dove.
Columbina talpacoti.................... Ruddy Ground Dove.
Geotrygon montana...................... Ruddy Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon chrysia...................... Key West Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon mystacea..................... Bridled Quail-Dove.
Leptotila verreauxi.................... White-tipped Dove.
Zenaida asiatica....................... White-winged Dove.
Zenaida aurita......................... Zenaida Dove.
Zenaida macroura....................... Mourning Dove.
Ptilinopus perousii.................... Many-colored Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus porphyraceus................ Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus roseicapilla................ Mariana Fruit-Dove.
Ducula pacifica........................ Pacific Imperial-Pigeon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v) Order Cuculiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Cuculidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crotophaga ani......................... Smooth-billed Ani.
Crotophaga sulcirostris................ Groove-billed Ani.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geococcyx californianus................ Greater Roadrunner.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Cuculinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urodynamis taitensis................... Long-tailed Koel.
Hierococcyx nisicolor.................. Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.
Cuculus canorus........................ Common Cuckoo.
Cuculus optatus........................ Oriental Cuckoo.
Clamator coromandus.................... Chestnut-winged Cuckoo.
Coccyzus melacoryphus.................. Dark-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus americanus.................... Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus minor......................... Mangrove Cuckoo.
Coccyzus erythropthalmus............... Black-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus vieilloti..................... Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Caprimulgidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chordeiles acutipennis................. Lesser Nighthawk.
Chordeiles minor....................... Common Nighthawk.
Chordeiles gundlachii.................. Antillean Nighthawk.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nyctidromus albicollis................. Common Pauraque.
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii............... Common Poorwill.
Antrostomus carolinensis............... Chuck-will's-widow.
Antrostomus ridgwayi................... Buff-collared Nightjar.
Antrostomus vociferus.................. Eastern Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus arizonae................... Mexican Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus noctitherus................ Puerto Rican Nightjar.
Hydropsalis cayennensis................ White-tailed Nightjar.
Caprimulgus jotaka..................... Gray Nightjar.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76003]]
(vii) Order Apodiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Apodidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cypseloides niger...................... Black Swift.
Streptoprocne zonaris.................. White-collared Swift.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chaetura pelagica...................... Chimney Swift.
Chaetura vauxi......................... Vaux's Swift.
Chaetura brachyura..................... Short-tailed Swift.
Hirundapus caudacutus.................. White-throated Needletail.
Aerodramus spodiopygius................ White-rumped Swiftlet.
Aerodramus bartschi.................... Mariana Swiftlet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Apodinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apus apus.............................. Common Swift.
Apus pacificus......................... Fork-tailed Swift.
Apus melba............................. Alpine Swift.
Aeronautes saxatalis................... White-throated Swift.
Tachornis phoenicobia.................. Antillean Palm-Swift.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Trochilidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Trochilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colibri thalassinus.................... Mexican Violetear.
Anthracothorax prevostii............... Green-breasted Mango.
Anthracothorax aurulentus.............. Puerto Rican Mango.
Anthracothorax viridis................. Green Mango.
Eulampis jugularis..................... Purple-throated Carib.
Eulampis holosericeus.................. Green-throated Carib.
Eugenes fulgens........................ Rivoli's Hummingbird.
Heliomaster constantii................. Plain-capped Starthroat.
Lampornis amethystinus................. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
Lampornis clemenciae................... Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
Calothorax lucifer..................... Lucifer Hummingbird.
Archilochus colubris................... Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Archilochus alexandri.................. Black-chinned Hummingbird.
Mellisuga minima....................... Vervain Hummingbird.
Nesophlox evelynae..................... Bahama Woodstar.
Calypte anna........................... Anna's Hummingbird.
Calypte costae......................... Costa's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus calliope................... Calliope Hummingbird.
Selasphorus rufus...................... Rufous Hummingbird.
Selasphorus sasin...................... Allen's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus platycercus................ Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
Selasphorus heloisa.................... Bumblebee Hummingbird.
Riccordia maugaeus..................... Puerto Rican Emerald.
Cynanthus latirostris.................. Broad-billed Hummingbird.
Basilinna leucotis..................... White-eared Hummingbird.
Basilinna xantusii..................... Xantus's Hummingbird.
Orthorhyncus cristatus................. Antillean Crested Hummingbird.
Ramosomyia violiceps................... Violet-crowned Hummingbird.
Saucerottia beryllina.................. Berylline Hummingbird.
Amazilia rutila........................ Cinnamon Hummingbird.
Amazilia yucatanensis.................. Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(viii) Order Gruiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Rallidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gallirallus philippensis............... Buff-banded Rail.
Gallirallus owstoni.................... Guam Rail.
Neocrex erythrops...................... Paint-billed Crake.
Pardirallus maculatus.................. Spotted Rail.
Aramides axillaris..................... Rufous-necked Wood-Rail.
Rallus obsoletus....................... Ridgway's Rail.
[[Page 76004]]
Rallus elegans......................... King Rail.
Rallus crepitans....................... Clapper Rail.
Rallus limicola........................ Virginia Rail.
Crex crex.............................. Corn Crake.
Porzana carolina....................... Sora.
Gallinula galeata...................... Common Gallinule.
Gallinula chloropus.................... Eurasian Moorhen.
Fulica atra............................ Eurasian Coot.
Fulica alai............................ Hawaiian Coot.
Fulica americana....................... American Coot.
Porphyrio martinicus................... Purple Gallinule.
Porphyrio flavirostris................. Azure Gallinule.
Porphyrio porphyrio.................... Purple Swamphen.
Porzana tabuensis...................... Spotless Crake.
Coturnicops noveboracensis............. Yellow Rail.
Hapalocrex flaviventer................. Yellow-breasted Crake.
Laterallus jamaicensis................. Black Rail.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Aramidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aramus guarauna........................ Limpkin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Gruidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Gruinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antigone canadensis.................... Sandhill Crane.
Grus grus.............................. Common Crane.
Grus monacha........................... Hooded Crane.
Grus americana......................... Whooping Crane.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ix) Order Charadriiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Recurvirostridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Himantopus himantopus.................. Black-winged Stilt.
Himantopus mexicanus................... Black-necked Stilt.
Recurvirostra americana................ American Avocet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Haematopodidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haematopus ostralegus.................. Eurasian Oystercatcher.
Haematopus palliatus................... American Oystercatcher.
Haematopus bachmani.................... Black Oystercatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Charadriidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Vanellinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vanellus vanellus...................... Northern Lapwing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Charadriinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pluvialis squatarola................... Black-bellied Plover.
Pluvialis apricaria.................... European Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis dominica..................... American Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis fulva........................ Pacific Golden-Plover.
Charadrius morinellus.................. Eurasian Dotterel.
Charadrius vociferus................... Killdeer.
Charadrius hiaticula................... Common Ringed Plover.
Charadrius semipalmatus................ Semipalmated Plover.
Charadrius melodus..................... Piping Plover.
Charadrius dubius...................... Little Ringed Plover.
Charadrius mongolus.................... Lesser Sand-Plover.
Charadrius leschenaultii............... Greater Sand-Plover.
Charadrius wilsonia.................... Wilson's Plover.
Charadrius collaris.................... Collared Plover.
Charadrius alexandrinus................ Kentish Plover.
Charadrius montanus.................... Mountain Plover.
Charadrius nivosus..................... Snowy Plover.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76005]]
(D) Family Jacanidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jacana spinosa......................... Northern Jacana.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E) Family Scolopacidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Numeniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bartramia longicauda................... Upland Sandpiper.
Numenius tahitiensis................... Bristle-thighed Curlew.
Numenius phaeopus...................... Whimbrel.
Numenius minutus....................... Little Curlew.
Numenius borealis...................... Eskimo Curlew.
Numenius americanus.................... Long-billed Curlew.
Numenius madagascariensis.............. Far Eastern Curlew.
Numenius arquata....................... Eurasian Curlew.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Limosinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limosa lapponica....................... Bar-tailed Godwit.
Limosa limosa.......................... Black-tailed Godwit.
Limosa haemastica...................... Hudsonian Godwit.
Limosa fedoa........................... Marbled Godwit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Arenariinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arenaria interpres..................... Ruddy Turnstone.
Arenaria melanocephala................. Black Turnstone.
Calidris tenuirostris.................. Great Knot.
Calidris canutus....................... Red Knot.
Calidris virgata....................... Surfbird.
Calidris pugnax........................ Ruff.
Calidris falcinellus................... Broad-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris acuminata..................... Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
Calidris himantopus.................... Stilt Sandpiper.
Calidris ferruginea.................... Curlew Sandpiper.
Calidris temminckii.................... Temminck's Stint.
Calidris subminuta..................... Long-toed Stint.
Calidris pygmea........................ Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris ruficollis.................... Red-necked Stint.
Calidris alba.......................... Sanderling.
Calidris alpina........................ Dunlin.
Calidris ptilocnemis................... Rock Sandpiper.
Calidris maritima...................... Purple Sandpiper.
Calidris bairdii....................... Baird's Sandpiper.
Calidris minuta........................ Little Stint.
Calidris minutilla..................... Least Sandpiper.
Calidris fuscicollis................... White-rumped Sandpiper.
Calidris subruficollis................. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Calidris melanotos..................... Pectoral Sandpiper.
Calidris pusilla....................... Semipalmated Sandpiper.
Calidris mauri......................... Western Sandpiper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limnodromus griseus.................... Short-billed Dowitcher.
Limnodromus scolopaceus................ Long-billed Dowitcher.
Lymnocryptes minimus................... Jack Snipe.
Scolopax rusticola..................... Eurasian Woodcock.
Scolopax minor......................... American Woodcock.
Gallinago solitaria.................... Solitary Snipe.
Gallinago stenura...................... Pin-tailed Snipe.
Gallinago megala....................... Swinhoe's Snipe.
Gallinago gallinago.................... Common Snipe.
Gallinago delicata..................... Wilson's Snipe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) Subfamily Tringinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xenus cinereus......................... Terek Sandpiper.
Actitis hypoleucos..................... Common Sandpiper.
Actitis macularius..................... Spotted Sandpiper.
Tringa ochropus........................ Green Sandpiper.
[[Page 76006]]
Tringa solitaria....................... Solitary Sandpiper.
Tringa brevipes........................ Gray-tailed Tattler.
Tringa incana.......................... Wandering Tattler.
Tringa flavipes........................ Lesser Yellowlegs.
Tringa semipalmata..................... Willet.
Tringa erythropus...................... Spotted Redshank.
Tringa nebularia....................... Common Greenshank.
Tringa guttifer........................ Nordmann's Greenshank.
Tringa melanoleuca..................... Greater Yellowlegs.
Tringa totanus......................... Common Redshank.
Tringa glareola........................ Wood Sandpiper.
Tringa stagnatilis..................... Marsh Sandpiper.
Phalaropus tricolor.................... Wilson's Phalarope.
Phalaropus lobatus..................... Red-necked Phalarope.
Phalaropus fulicarius.................. Red Phalarope.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(F) Family Stercorariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stercorarius skua...................... Great Skua.
Stercorarius maccormicki............... South Polar Skua.
Stercorarius pomarinus................. Pomarine Jaeger.
Stercorarius parasiticus............... Parasitic Jaeger.
Stercorarius longicaudus............... Long-tailed Jaeger.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(G) Family Alcidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alle alle.............................. Dovekie.
Uria aalge............................. Common Murre.
Uria lomvia............................ Thick-billed Murre.
Alca torda............................. Razorbill.
Cepphus grylle......................... Black Guillemot.
Cepphus columba........................ Pigeon Guillemot.
Brachyramphus perdix................... Long-billed Murrelet.
Brachyramphus marmoratus............... Marbled Murrelet.
Brachyramphus brevirostris............. Kittlitz's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus scrippsi.............. Scripps's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus............ Guadalupe Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus craveri............... Craveri's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus antiquus.............. Ancient Murrelet.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus................ Cassin's Auklet.
Aethia psittacula...................... Parakeet Auklet.
Aethia pusilla......................... Least Auklet.
Aethia pygmaea......................... Whiskered Auklet.
Aethia cristatella..................... Crested Auklet.
Cerorhinca monocerata.................. Rhinoceros Auklet.
Fratercula arctica..................... Atlantic Puffin.
Fratercula corniculata................. Horned Puffin.
Fratercula cirrhata.................... Tufted Puffin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(H) Family Laridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Larinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Creagrus furcatus...................... Swallow-tailed Gull.
Rissa tridactyla....................... Black-legged Kittiwake.
Rissa brevirostris..................... Red-legged Kittiwake.
Pagophila eburnea...................... Ivory Gull.
Xema sabini............................ Sabine's Gull.
Chroicocephalus philadelphia........... Bonaparte's Gull.
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus.......... Gray-hooded Gull.
Chroicocephalus ridibundus............. Black-headed Gull.
Hydrocoloeus minutus................... Little Gull.
Rhodostethia rosea..................... Ross's Gull.
Leucophaeus atricilla.................. Laughing Gull.
Leucophaeus pipixcan................... Franklin's Gull.
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus................ Pallas's Gull.
Larus belcheri......................... Belcher's Gull.
Larus crassirostris.................... Black-tailed Gull.
Larus heermanni........................ Heermann's Gull.
Larus canus............................ Common Gull.
Larus brachyrhynchus................... Short-billed Gull.
[[Page 76007]]
Larus delawarensis..................... Ring-billed Gull.
Larus occidentalis..................... Western Gull.
Larus livens........................... Yellow-footed Gull.
Larus californicus..................... California Gull.
Larus argentatus....................... Herring Gull.
Larus michahellis...................... Yellow-legged Gull.
Larus glaucoides....................... Iceland Gull.
Larus fuscus........................... Lesser Black-backed Gull.
Larus schistisagus..................... Slaty-backed Gull.
Larus glaucescens...................... Glaucous-winged Gull.
Larus hyperboreus...................... Glaucous Gull.
Larus marinus.......................... Great Black-backed Gull.
Larus dominicanus...................... Kelp Gull.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Sterninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anous stolidus......................... Brown Noddy.
Anous minutus.......................... Black Noddy.
Anous ceruleus......................... Blue-gray Noddy.
Gygis alba............................. White Tern.
Onychoprion fuscatus................... Sooty Tern.
Onychoprion lunatus.................... Gray-backed Tern.
Onychoprion anaethetus................. Bridled Tern.
Onychoprion aleuticus.................. Aleutian Tern.
Sternula albifrons..................... Little Tern.
Sternula antillarum.................... Least Tern.
Phaetusa simplex....................... Large-billed Tern.
Gelochelidon nilotica.................. Gull-billed Tern.
Hydroprogne caspia..................... Caspian Tern.
Larosterna inca........................ Inca Tern.
Chlidonias niger....................... Black Tern.
Chlidonias leucopterus................. White-winged Tern.
Chlidonias hybrida..................... Whiskered Tern.
Sterna dougallii....................... Roseate Tern.
Sterna sumatrana....................... Black-naped Tern.
Sterna hirundo......................... Common Tern.
Sterna paradisaea...................... Arctic Tern.
Sterna forsteri........................ Forster's Tern.
Thalasseus maximus..................... Royal Tern.
Thalasseus bergii...................... Great Crested Tern.
Thalasseus sandvicensis................ Sandwich Tern.
Thalasseus elegans..................... Elegant Tern.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rynchops niger......................... Black Skimmer.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) Order Phaethontiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Phaethontidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phaethon lepturus...................... White-tailed Tropicbird.
Phaethon aethereus..................... Red-billed Tropicbird.
Phaethon rubricauda.................... Red-tailed Tropicbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xi) Order Gaviiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Gaviidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gavia stellata......................... Red-throated Loon.
Gavia arctica.......................... Arctic Loon.
Gavia pacifica......................... Pacific Loon.
Gavia immer............................ Common Loon.
Gavia adamsii.......................... Yellow-billed Loon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xii) Order Procellariiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Diomedeidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thalassarche chlororhynchos............ Yellow-nosed Albatross.
Thalassarche cauta..................... White-capped Albatross.
Thalassarche eremita................... Chatham Albatross.
[[Page 76008]]
Thalassarche salvini................... Salvin's Albatross.
Thalassarche melanophris............... Black-browed Albatross.
Phoebetria palpebrata.................. Light-mantled Albatross.
Diomedea exulans....................... Wandering Albatross.
Phoebastria immutabilis................ Laysan Albatross.
Phoebastria nigripes................... Black-footed Albatross.
Phoebastria albatrus................... Short-tailed Albatross.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Oceanitidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceanites oceanicus.................... Wilson's Storm-Petrel.
Pelagodroma marina..................... White-faced Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta grallaria..................... White-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta tropica....................... Black-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Nesofregetta fuliginosa................ Polynesian Storm-Petrel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Hydrobatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrobates pelagicus................... European Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates furcatus.................... Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates hornbyi..................... Ringed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates monorhis.................... Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates leucorhous.................. Leach's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates socorroensis................ Townsend's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates homochroa................... Ashy Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates castro...................... Band-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tethys...................... Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates melania..................... Black Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates matsudairae................. Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tristrami................... Tristram's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates microsoma................... Least Storm-Petrel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Family Procellariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macronectes halli...................... Northern Giant-Petrel.
Fulmarus glacialis..................... Northern Fulmar.
Pterodroma gouldi...................... Gray-faced Petrel.
Pterodroma solandri.................... Providence Petrel.
Pterodroma neglecta.................... Kermadec Petrel.
Pterodroma arminjoniana................ Trindade Petrel.
Pterodroma heraldica................... Herald Petrel.
Pterodroma ultima...................... Murphy's Petrel.
Pterodroma inexpectata................. Mottled Petrel.
Pterodroma cahow....................... Bermuda Petrel.
Pterodroma hasitata.................... Black-capped Petrel.
Pterodroma externa..................... Juan Fernandez Petrel.
Pterodroma sandwichensis............... Hawaiian Petrel.
Pterodroma cervicalis.................. White-necked Petrel.
Pterodroma hypoleuca................... Bonin Petrel.
Pterodroma nigripennis................. Black-winged Petrel.
Pterodroma feae........................ Fea's Petrel.
Pterodroma madeira..................... Zino's Petrel.
Pterodroma cookii...................... Cook's Petrel.
Pterodroma leucoptera.................. Gould's Petrel.
Pterodroma longirostris................ Stejneger's Petrel.
Pterodroma alba........................ Phoenix Petrel.
Pseudobulweria rostrata................ Tahiti Petrel.
Bulweria bulwerii...................... Bulwer's Petrel.
Bulweria fallax........................ Jouanin's Petrel.
Procellaria aequinoctialis............. White-chinned Petrel.
Procellaria parkinsoni................. Parkinson's Petrel.
Calonectris leucomelas................. Streaked Shearwater.
Calonectris diomedea................... Cory's Shearwater.
Calonectris edwardsii.................. Cape Verde Shearwater.
Ardenna pacifica....................... Wedge-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna bulleri........................ Buller's Shearwater.
Ardenna tenuirostris................... Short-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna grisea......................... Sooty Shearwater.
Ardenna gravis......................... Great Shearwater.
Ardenna creatopus...................... Pink-footed Shearwater.
Ardenna carneipes...................... Flesh-footed Shearwater.
[[Page 76009]]
Puffinus nativitatis................... Christmas Shearwater.
Puffinus puffinus...................... Manx Shearwater.
Puffinus newelli....................... Newell's Shearwater.
Puffinus bryani........................ Bryan's Shearwater.
Puffinus opisthomelas.................. Black-vented Shearwater.
Puffinus lherminieri................... Audubon's Shearwater.
Puffinus baroli........................ Barolo Shearwater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Ciconiidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jabiru mycteria........................ Jabiru.
Mycteria americana..................... Wood Stork.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xiv) Order Suliformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Fregatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fregata ariel.......................... Lesser Frigatebird.
Fregata magnificens.................... Magnificent Frigatebird.
Fregata minor.......................... Great Frigatebird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Sulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sula dactylatra........................ Masked Booby.
Sula granti............................ Nazca Booby.
Sula nebouxii.......................... Blue-footed Booby.
Sula leucogaster....................... Brown Booby.
Sula sula.............................. Red-footed Booby.
Papasula abbotti....................... Abbott's Booby.
Morus bassanus......................... Northern Gannet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Anhingidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anhinga anhinga........................ Anhinga.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microcarbo melanoleucos................ Little Pied Cormorant.
Urile penicillatus..................... Brandt's Cormorant.
Urile urile............................ Red-faced Cormorant.
Urile pelagicus........................ Pelagic Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax carbo.................... Great Cormorant.
Nannopterum auritum.................... Double-crested Cormorant.
Nannopterum brasilianum................ Neotropic Cormorant.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xv) Order Pelecaniformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Pelecanidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.............. American White Pelican.
Pelecanus occidentalis................. Brown Pelican.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Ardeidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Botaurus lentiginosus.................. American Bittern.
Ixobrychus sinensis.................... Yellow Bittern.
Ixobrychus exilis...................... Least Bittern.
Ixobrychus eurhythmus.................. Schrenck's Bittern.
Ixobrychus flavicollis................. Black Bittern.
Tigrisoma mexicanum.................... Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.
Ardea herodias......................... Great Blue Heron.
Ardea cinerea.......................... Gray Heron.
Ardea alba............................. Great Egret.
Ardea intermedia....................... Intermediate Egret.
Egretta eulophotes..................... Chinese Egret.
Egretta garzetta....................... Little Egret.
Egretta sacra.......................... Pacific Reef-Heron.
Egretta gularis........................ Western Reef-Heron.
Egretta thula.......................... Snowy Egret.
Egretta caerulea....................... Little Blue Heron.
[[Page 76010]]
Egretta tricolor....................... Tricolored Heron.
Egretta rufescens...................... Reddish Egret.
Bubulcus ibis.......................... Cattle Egret.
Ardeola bacchus........................ Chinese Pond-Heron.
Butorides virescens.................... Green Heron.
Nycticorax nycticorax.................. Black-crowned Night-Heron.
Nycticorax caledonicus................. Nankeen Night-Heron.
Nyctanassa violacea.................... Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.
Gorsachius goisagi..................... Japanese Night-Heron.
Gorsachius melanolophus................ Malayan Night-Heron.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Threskiornithidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eudocimus albus........................ White Ibis.
Eudocimus ruber........................ Scarlet Ibis.
Plegadis falcinellus................... Glossy Ibis.
Plegadis chihi......................... White-faced Ibis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Plataleinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Platalea ajaja......................... Roseate Spoonbill.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xvi) Order Carthartiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Cathartidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gymnogyps californianus................ California Condor.
Coragyps atratus....................... Black Vulture.
Cathartes aura......................... Turkey Vulture.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xvii) Order Accipitriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Pandionidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pandion haliaetus...................... Osprey.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Accipitridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Elaninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elanus leucurus........................ White-tailed Kite.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chondrohierax uncinatus................ Hook-billed Kite.
Elanoides forficatus................... Swallow-tailed Kite.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aquila chrysaetos...................... Golden Eagle.
Harpagus bidentatus.................... Double-toothed Kite.
Circus hudsonius....................... Northern Harrier.
Circus spilonotus...................... Eastern Marsh-Harrier.
Accipiter soloensis.................... Chinese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter gularis...................... Japanese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter striatus..................... Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Accipiter cooperii..................... Cooper's Hawk.
Accipiter gentilis..................... Northern Goshawk.
Milvus migrans......................... Black Kite.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus............... Bald Eagle.
Haliaeetus albicilla................... White-tailed Eagle.
Haliaeetus pelagicus................... Steller's Sea-Eagle.
Ictinia mississippiensis............... Mississippi Kite.
Butastur indicus....................... Gray-faced Buzzard.
Geranospiza caerulescens............... Crane Hawk.
Rostrhamus sociabilis.................. Snail Kite.
Buteogallus anthracinus................ Common Black Hawk.
Buteogallus urubitinga................. Great Black Hawk.
Rupornis magnirostris.................. Roadside Hawk.
Parabuteo unicinctus................... Harris's Hawk.
[[Page 76011]]
Geranoaetus albicaudatus............... White-tailed Hawk.
Buteo plagiatus........................ Gray Hawk.
Buteo lineatus......................... Red-shouldered Hawk.
Buteo platypterus...................... Broad-winged Hawk.
Buteo solitarius....................... Hawaiian Hawk.
Buteo brachyurus....................... Short-tailed Hawk.
Buteo swainsoni........................ Swainson's Hawk.
Buteo albonotatus...................... Zone-tailed Hawk.
Buteo jamaicensis...................... Red-tailed Hawk.
Buteo lagopus.......................... Rough-legged Hawk.
Buteo regalis.......................... Ferruginous Hawk.
Buteo rufinus.......................... Long-legged Buzzard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xviii) Order Strigiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Tytonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyto alba.............................. Barn Owl.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Strigidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Otus sunia............................. Oriental Scops-Owl.
Psiloscops flammeolus.................. Flammulated Owl.
Gymnasio nudipes....................... Puerto Rican Owl.
Megascops trichopsis................... Whiskered Screech-Owl.
Megascops kennicottii.................. Western Screech-Owl.
Megascops asio......................... Eastern Screech-Owl.
Bubo virginianus....................... Great Horned Owl.
Bubo scandiacus........................ Snowy Owl.
Surnia ulula........................... Northern Hawk Owl.
Glaucidium gnoma....................... Northern Pygmy-Owl.
Glaucidium brasilianum................. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl.
Micrathene whitneyi.................... Elf Owl.
Athene cunicularia..................... Burrowing Owl.
Strix occidentalis..................... Spotted Owl.
Strix varia............................ Barred Owl.
Strix virgata.......................... Mottled Owl.
Strix nebulosa......................... Great Gray Owl.
Asio otus.............................. Long-eared Owl.
Asio stygius........................... Stygian Owl.
Asio flammeus.......................... Short-eared Owl.
Aegolius funereus...................... Boreal Owl.
Aegolius acadicus...................... Northern Saw-whet Owl.
Ninox japonica......................... Northern Boobook.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xix) Order Trogoniformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Trogonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Trogoninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trogon elegans......................... Elegant Trogon.
Euptilotis neoxenus.................... Eared Quetzal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xx) Order Upupiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Upupidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upupa epops............................ Eurasian Hoopoe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xxi) Order Coraciiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Alcedinidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Alcedininae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alcedo atthis.......................... Common Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Todiramphus sacer...................... Pacific Kingfisher.
Todiramphus cinnamominus............... Guam Kingfisher.
[[Page 76012]]
Todiramphus albicilla.................. Mariana Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Cerylinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Megaceryle torquata.................... Ringed Kingfisher.
Megaceryle alcyon...................... Belted Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle amazona................... Amazon Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle americana................. Green Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xxii) Order Piciformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Picidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Jynginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jynx torquilla......................... Eurasian Wryneck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Picinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Melanerpes lewis....................... Lewis's Woodpecker.
Melanerpes portoricensis............... Puerto Rican Woodpecker.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus............. Red-headed Woodpecker.
Melanerpes formicivorus................ Acorn Woodpecker.
Melanerpes uropygialis................. Gila Woodpecker.
Melanerpes aurifrons................... Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
Melanerpes carolinus................... Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus................. Williamson's Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus varius..................... Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus nuchalis................... Red-naped Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus ruber...................... Red-breasted Sapsucker.
Picoides dorsalis...................... American Three-toed Woodpecker.
Picoides arcticus...................... Black-backed Woodpecker.
Dendrocopos major...................... Great Spotted Woodpecker.
Dryobates pubescens.................... Downy Woodpecker.
Dryobates nuttallii.................... Nuttall's Woodpecker.
Dryobates scalaris..................... Ladder-backed Woodpecker.
Dryobates borealis..................... Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
Dryobates villosus..................... Hairy Woodpecker.
Dryobates albolarvatus................. White-headed Woodpecker.
Dryobates arizonae..................... Arizona Woodpecker.
Colaptes auratus....................... Northern Flicker.
Colaptes chrysoides.................... Gilded Flicker.
Dryocopus pileatus..................... Pileated Woodpecker.
Campephilus principalis................ Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xxiii) Order Falconiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Falconidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Micrastur semitorquatus................ Collared Forest-Falcon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Falconinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caracara plancus....................... Crested Caracara.
Falco tinnunculus...................... Eurasian Kestrel.
Falco sparverius....................... American Kestrel.
Falco vespertinus...................... Red-footed Falcon.
Falco amurensis........................ Amur Falcon.
Falco columbarius...................... Merlin.
Falco subbuteo......................... Eurasian Hobby.
Falco femoralis........................ Aplomado Falcon.
Falco rusticolus....................... Gyrfalcon.
Falco peregrinus....................... Peregrine Falcon.
Falco mexicanus........................ Prairie Falcon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xxiv) Order Passeriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Family Tityridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tityra semifasciata.................... Masked Tityra.
[[Page 76013]]
Pachyramphus major..................... Gray-collared Becard.
Pachyramphus aglaiae................... Rose-throated Becard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Family Tyrannidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Camptostoma imberbe.................... Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
Myiopagis viridicata................... Greenish Elaenia.
Elaenia martinica...................... Caribbean Elaenia.
Elaenia albiceps....................... White-crested Elaenia.
Elaenia parvirostris................... Small-billed Elaenia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Tyranninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Myiarchus tuberculifer................. Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
Myiarchus cinerascens.................. Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Myiarchus nuttingi..................... Nutting's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus crinitus..................... Great Crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus tyrannulus................... Brown-crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus sagrae....................... La Sagra's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus antillarum................... Puerto Rican Flycatcher.
Pitangus sulphuratus................... Great Kiskadee.
Myiozetetes similis.................... Social Flycatcher.
Myiodynastes luteiventris.............. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
Legatus leucophaius.................... Piratic Flycatcher.
Empidonomus varius..................... Variegated Flycatcher.
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus...... Crowned Slaty Flycatcher.
Tyrannus melancholicus................. Tropical Kingbird.
Tyrannus couchii....................... Couch's Kingbird.
Tyrannus vociferans.................... Cassin's Kingbird.
Tyrannus crassirostris................. Thick-billed Kingbird.
Tyrannus verticalis.................... Western Kingbird.
Tyrannus tyrannus...................... Eastern Kingbird.
Tyrannus dominicensis.................. Gray Kingbird.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus................ Loggerhead Kingbird.
Tyrannus forficatus.................... Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Tyrannus savana........................ Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mitrephanes phaeocercus................ Tufted Flycatcher.
Contopus cooperi....................... Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Contopus pertinax...................... Greater Pewee.
Contopus sordidulus.................... Western Wood-Pewee.
Contopus virens........................ Eastern Wood-Pewee.
Contopus caribaeus..................... Cuban Pewee.
Contopus hispaniolensis................ Hispaniolan Pewee.
Contopus latirostris................... Lesser Antillean Pewee.
Empidonax flaviventris................. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Empidonax virescens.................... Acadian Flycatcher.
Empidonax alnorum...................... Alder Flycatcher.
Empidonax traillii..................... Willow Flycatcher.
Empidonax minimus...................... Least Flycatcher.
Empidonax hammondii.................... Hammond's Flycatcher.
Empidonax wrightii..................... Gray Flycatcher.
Empidonax oberholseri.................. Dusky Flycatcher.
Empidonax affinis...................... Pine Flycatcher.
Empidonax difficilis................... Pacific-slope Flycatcher.
Empidonax occidentalis................. Cordilleran Flycatcher.
Empidonax fulvifrons................... Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
Sayornis nigricans..................... Black Phoebe.
Sayornis phoebe........................ Eastern Phoebe.
Sayornis saya.......................... Say's Phoebe.
Pyrocephalus rubinus................... Vermilion Flycatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Family Vireonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vireo atricapilla...................... Black-capped Vireo.
Vireo griseus.......................... White-eyed Vireo.
Vireo crassirostris.................... Thick-billed Vireo.
[[Page 76014]]
Vireo gundlachii....................... Cuban Vireo.
Vireo latimeri......................... Puerto Rican Vireo.
Vireo bellii........................... Bell's Vireo.
Vireo vicinior......................... Gray Vireo.
Vireo huttoni.......................... Hutton's Vireo.
Vireo flavifrons....................... Yellow-throated Vireo.
Vireo cassinii......................... Cassin's Vireo.
Vireo solitarius....................... Blue-headed Vireo.
Vireo plumbeus......................... Plumbeous Vireo.
Vireo philadelphicus................... Philadelphia Vireo.
Vireo gilvus........................... Warbling Vireo.
Vireo olivaceus........................ Red-eyed Vireo.
Vireo flavoviridis..................... Yellow-green Vireo.
Vireo altiloquus....................... Black-whiskered Vireo.
Vireo magister......................... Yucatan Vireo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Family Laniidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lanius cristatus....................... Brown Shrike.
Lanius ludovicianus.................... Loggerhead Shrike.
Lanius borealis........................ Northern Shrike.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E) Family Corvidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perisoreus canadensis.................. Canada Jay.
Psilorhinus morio...................... Brown Jay.
Cyanocorax yncas....................... Green Jay.
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus.............. Pinyon Jay.
Cyanocitta stelleri.................... Steller's Jay.
Cyanocitta cristata.................... Blue Jay.
Aphelocoma coerulescens................ Florida Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma insularis................... Island Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma californica................. California Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma woodhouseii................. Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma wollweberi.................. Mexican Jay.
Nucifraga columbiana................... Clark's Nutcracker.
Pica hudsonia.......................... Black-billed Magpie.
Pica nuttalli.......................... Yellow-billed Magpie.
Corvus monedula........................ Eurasian Jackdaw.
Corvus kubaryi......................... Mariana Crow.
Corvus brachyrhynchos.................. American Crow.
Corvus leucognaphalus.................. White-necked Crow.
Corvus imparatus....................... Tamaulipas Crow.
Corvus ossifragus...................... Fish Crow.
Corvus hawaiiensis..................... Hawaiian Crow.
Corvus cryptoleucus.................... Chihuahuan Raven.
Corvus corax........................... Common Raven.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(F) Family Remizidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auriparus flaviceps.................... Verdin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(G) Family Paridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Poecile carolinensis................... Carolina Chickadee.
Poecile atricapillus................... Black-capped Chickadee.
Poecile gambeli........................ Mountain Chickadee.
Poecile sclateri....................... Mexican Chickadee.
Poecile rufescens...................... Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
Poecile hudsonicus..................... Boreal Chickadee.
Poecile cinctus........................ Gray-headed Chickadee.
Baeolophus wollweberi.................. Bridled Titmouse.
Baeolophus inornatus................... Oak Titmouse.
Baeolophus ridgwayi.................... Juniper Titmouse.
Baeolophus bicolor..................... Tufted Titmouse.
Baeolophus atricristatus............... Black-crested Titmouse.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(H) Family Alaudidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alauda arvensis........................ Eurasian Skylark.
Eremophila alpestris................... Horned Lark.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76015]]
(I) Family Acrocephalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arundinax aedon........................ Thick-billed Warbler.
Acrocephalus luscinius................. Nightingale Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus hiwae..................... Saipan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus nijoi..................... Aguiguan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus yamashinae................ Pagan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus familiaris................ Millerbird.
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus............. Sedge Warbler.
Acrocephalus dumetorum................. Blyth's Reed Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(J) Family Locustellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Helopsaltes certhiola.................. Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler.
Helopsaltes ochotensis................. Middendorff's Grasshopper
Warbler.
Locustella lanceolata.................. Lanceolated Warbler.
Locustella fluviatilis................. River Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(K) Family Hirundinidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Hirundininae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riparia riparia........................ Bank Swallow.
Tachycineta bicolor.................... Tree Swallow.
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis.............. Bahama Swallow.
Tachycineta thalassina................. Violet-green Swallow.
Tachycineta albilinea.................. Mangrove Swallow.
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca................ Blue-and-white Swallow.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis............. Northern Rough-winged Swallow.
Progne tapera.......................... Brown-chested Martin.
Progne subis........................... Purple Martin.
Progne elegans......................... Southern Martin.
Progne chalybea........................ Gray-breasted Martin.
Progne cryptoleuca..................... Cuban Martin.
Progne dominicensis.................... Caribbean Martin.
Hirundo rustica........................ Barn Swallow.
Delichon urbicum....................... Common House-Martin.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota............... Cliff Swallow.
Petrochelidon fulva.................... Cave Swallow.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(L) Family Aegithalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Psaltriparus minimus................... Bushtit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(M) Family Phylloscopidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phylloscopus trochilus................. Willow Warbler.
Phylloscopus collybita................. Common Chiffchaff.
Phylloscopus sibilatrix................ Wood Warbler.
Phylloscopus fuscatus.................. Dusky Warbler.
Phylloscopus proregulus................ Pallas's Leaf Warbler.
Phylloscopus inornatus................. Yellow-browed Warbler.
Phylloscopus borealis.................. Arctic Warbler.
Phylloscopus examinandus............... Kamchatka Leaf Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(N) Family Sylviidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sylvia curruca......................... Lesser Whitethroat.
Chamaea fasciata....................... Wrentit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(O) Family Regulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corthylio calendula.................... Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Regulus satrapa........................ Golden-crowned Kinglet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(P) Family Bombycillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bombycilla garrulus.................... Bohemian Waxwing.
Bombycilla cedrorum.................... Cedar Waxwing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76016]]
(Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ptiliogonys cinereus................... Gray Silky-flycatcher.
Phainopepla nitens..................... Phainopepla.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(R) Family Sittidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Sittinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sitta canadensis....................... Red-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta carolinensis..................... White-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta pygmaea.......................... Pygmy Nuthatch.
Sitta pusilla.......................... Brown-headed Nuthatch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Family Certhiidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subfamily Certhiinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certhia americana...................... Brown Creeper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(T) Family Polioptilidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polioptila caerulea.................... Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila melanura.................... Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila californica................. California Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila nigriceps................... Black-capped Gnatcatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(U) Family Troglodytidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salpinctes obsoletus................... Rock Wren.
Catherpes mexicanus.................... Canyon Wren.
Thryophilus sinaloa.................... Sinaloa Wren.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus........ Cactus Wren.
Thryomanes bewickii.................... Bewick's Wren.
Thryothorus ludovicianus............... Carolina Wren.
Troglodytes aedon...................... House Wren.
Troglodytes pacificus.................. Pacific Wren.
Troglodytes hiemalis................... Winter Wren.
Cistothorus stellaris.................. Sedge Wren.
Cistothorus palustris.................. Marsh Wren.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(V) Family Mimidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Melanotis caerulescens................. Blue Mockingbird.
Melanoptila glabrirostris.............. Black Catbird.
Dumetella carolinensis................. Gray Catbird.
Margarops fuscatus..................... Pearly-eyed Thrasher.
Toxostoma curvirostre.................. Curve-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma rufum........................ Brown Thrasher.
Toxostoma longirostre.................. Long-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma bendirei..................... Bendire's Thrasher.
Toxostoma redivivum.................... California Thrasher.
Toxostoma lecontei..................... LeConte's Thrasher.
Toxostoma crissale..................... Crissal Thrasher.
Oreoscoptes montanus................... Sage Thrasher.
Mimus gundlachii....................... Bahama Mockingbird.
Mimus polyglottos...................... Northern Mockingbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(W) Family Sturnidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agropsar philippensis.................. Chestnut-cheeked Starling.
Spodiopsar cineraceus.................. White-cheeked Starling.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(X) Family Cinclidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cinclus mexicanus...................... American Dipper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Y) Family Turdidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sialia sialis.......................... Eastern Bluebird.
Sialia mexicana........................ Western Bluebird.
Sialia currucoides..................... Mountain Bluebird.
[[Page 76017]]
Myadestes townsendi.................... Townsend's Solitaire.
Myadestes occidentalis................. Brown-backed Solitaire.
Myadestes myadestinus.................. K[amacr]ma[ograve].
Myadestes lanaiensis................... `Oloma`o.
Myadestes obscurus..................... `Oma`o.
Myadestes palmeri...................... Puaiohi.
Catharus aurantiirostris............... Orange-billed Nightingale-
Thrush.
Catharus mexicanus..................... Black-headed Nightingale-
Thrush.
Catharus fuscescens.................... Veery.
Catharus minimus....................... Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Catharus bicknelli..................... Bicknell's Thrush.
Catharus ustulatus..................... Swainson's Thrush.
Catharus guttatus...................... Hermit Thrush.
Hylocichla mustelina................... Wood Thrush.
Turdus obscurus........................ Eyebrowed Thrush.
Turdus eunomus......................... Dusky Thrush.
Turdus naumanni........................ Naumann's Thrush.
Turdus pilaris......................... Fieldfare.
Turdus iliacus......................... Redwing.
Turdus grayi........................... Clay-colored Thrush.
Turdus assimilis....................... White-throated Thrush.
Turdus rufopalliatus................... Rufous-backed Robin.
Turdus migratorius..................... American Robin.
Turdus plumbeus........................ Red-legged Thrush.
Ixoreus naevius........................ Varied Thrush.
Ridgwayia pinicola..................... Aztec Thrush.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Z) Family Muscicapidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muscicapa griseisticta................. Gray-streaked Flycatcher.
Muscicapa dauurica..................... Asian Brown Flycatcher.
Muscicapa striata...................... Spotted Flycatcher.
Muscicapa sibirica..................... Dark-sided Flycatcher.
Erithacus rubecula..................... European Robin.
Larvivora cyane........................ Siberian Blue Robin.
Larvivora sibilans..................... Rufous-tailed Robin.
Cyanecula svecica...................... Bluethroat.
Calliope calliope...................... Siberian Rubythroat.
Tarsiger cyanurus...................... Red-flanked Bluetail.
Ficedula narcissina.................... Narcissus Flycatcher.
Ficedula mugimaki...................... Mugimaki Flycatcher.
Ficedula albicilla..................... Taiga Flycatcher.
Phoenicurus phoenicurus................ Common Redstart.
Saxicola maurus........................ Asian Stonechat.
Oenanthe oenanthe...................... Northern Wheatear.
Oenanthe pleschanka.................... Pied Wheatear.
Monticola solitarius................... Blue Rock-Thrush.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(AA) Family Peucedramidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peucedramus taeniatus.................. Olive Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(BB) Family Prunellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prunella montanella.................... Siberian Accentor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(CC) Family Motacillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Motacilla tschutschensis............... Eastern Yellow Wagtail.
Motacilla citreola..................... Citrine Wagtail.
Motacilla cinerea...................... Gray Wagtail.
Motacilla alba......................... White Wagtail.
Anthus trivialis....................... Tree Pipit.
Anthus hodgsoni........................ Olive-backed Pipit.
Anthus gustavi......................... Pechora Pipit.
Anthus cervinus........................ Red-throated Pipit
Anthus rubescens....................... American Pipit.
Anthus spragueii....................... Sprague's Pipit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76018]]
(DD) Family Fringillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Fringillinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fringilla coelebs...................... Common Chaffinch.
Fringilla montifringilla............... Brambling.
(2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlorophonia musica.................... Antillean Euphonia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Carduelinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coccothraustes vespertinus............. Evening Grosbeak.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes.......... Hawfinch.
Carpodacus erythrinus.................. Common Rosefinch.
Carpodacus roseus...................... Pallas's Rosefinch.
Melamprosops phaeosoma................. Po`ouli.
Oreomystis bairdi...................... `Akikik`i.
Paroreomyza maculata................... O`ahu `Alauahio.
Paroreomyza flammea.................... K[amacr]k[amacr]wahie.
Paroreomyza montana.................... Maui [Agrave]lauahio.
Loxioides bailleui..................... Palila.
Telespiza cantans...................... Laysan Finch.
Telespiza ultima....................... Nihoa Finch.
Palmeria dolei......................... `Akohekohe.
Himatione fraithii..................... Laysan Honeycreeper.
Himatione sanguinea.................... `Apapane.
Drepanis coccinea...................... `Iiwi.
Psittirostra psittacea................. `O`[umacr].
Pseudonestor xanthophrys............... Maui Parrotbill.
Hemignathus hanapepe................... Kauai Nukupu`u.
Hemignathus lucidus.................... O`ahu Nukupu`u.
Hemignathus affinis.................... Maui Nukupu`u.
Hemignathus wilsoni.................... Akiapolaau.
Akialoa stejnegeri..................... Kauai `Akialoa.
Akialoa ellisiana...................... O`hu `Akialoa.
Akialoa lanaiensis..................... Maui Nui `Akialoa.
Magumma parva.......................... `Anianiau
Chlorodrepanis virens.................. Hawaii `Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis flava................... O`ahu `Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri.............. Kaua`i `Amakihi
Loxops mana............................ Hawaii Creeper.
Loxops caeruleirostris................. `Akeke`e.
Loxops wolstenholmei................... O`ahu `Akepa.
Loxops ochraceus....................... Maui `Akepa.
Loxops coccineus....................... Hawaii `Akepa.
Pinicola enucleator.................... Pine Grosbeak.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula...................... Eurasian Bullfinch.
Leucosticte arctoa..................... Asian Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte tephrocotis................ Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte atrata..................... Black Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte australis.................. Brown-capped Rosy-Finch.
Haemorhous mexicanus................... House Finch.
Haemorhous purpureus................... Purple Finch
Haemorhous cassinii.................... Cassin's Finch.
Chloris sinica......................... Oriental Greenfinch.
Acanthis flammea....................... Common Redpoll.
Acanthis hornemanni.................... Hoary Redpoll.
Loxia curvirostra...................... Red Crossbill.
Loxia sinesciuris...................... Cassia Crossbill.
Loxia leucoptera....................... White-winged Crossbill.
Spinus spinus.......................... Eurasian Siskin.
Spinus pinus........................... Pine Siskin.
Spinus psaltria........................ Lesser Goldfinch.
Spinus lawrencei....................... Lawrence's Goldfinch.
Spinus tristis......................... American Goldfinch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(EE) Family Calcariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calcarius lapponicus................... Lapland Longspur.
Calcarius ornatus...................... Chestnut-collared Longspur.
[[Page 76019]]
Calcarius pictus....................... Smith's Longspur.
Rhynchophanes mccownii................. Thick-billed Longspur.
Plectrophenax nivalis.................. Snow Bunting.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus.............. McKay's Bunting.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(FF) Family Emberizidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emberiza leucocephalos................. Pine Bunting.
Emberiza chrysophrys................... Yellow-browed Bunting.
Emberiza pusilla....................... Little Bunting.
Emberiza rustica....................... Rustic Bunting.
Emberiza elegans....................... Yellow-throated Bunting.
Emberiza aureola....................... Yellow-breasted Bunting.
Emberiza variabilis.................... Gray Bunting.
Emberiza pallasi....................... Pallas's Bunting.
Emberiza schoeniclus................... Reed Bunting.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(GG) Family Passerellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peucaea carpalis....................... Rufous-winged Sparrow.
Peucaea botterii....................... Botteri's Sparrow.
Peucaea cassinii....................... Cassin's Sparrow.
Peucaea aestivalis..................... Bachman's Sparrow.
Ammodramus savannarum.................. Grasshopper Sparrow.
Arremonops rufivirgatus................ Olive Sparrow.
Amphispizopsis quinquestriata.......... Five-striped Sparrow.
Amphispiza bilineata................... Black-throated Sparrow.
Chondestes grammacus................... Lark Sparrow.
Calamospiza melanocorys................ Lark Bunting.
Spizella passerina..................... Chipping Sparrow.
Spizella pallida....................... Clay-colored Sparrow.
Spizella atrogularis................... Black-chinned Sparrow.
Spizella pusilla....................... Field Sparrow.
Spizella breweri....................... Brewer's Sparrow.
Spizella wortheni...................... Worthen's Sparrow.
Passerella iliaca...................... Fox Sparrow.
Spizelloides arborea................... American Tree Sparrow.
Junco hyemalis......................... Dark-eyed Junco.
Junco phaeonotus....................... Yellow-eyed Junco.
Zonotrichia leucophrys................. White-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia atricapilla................ Golden-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia querula.................... Harris's Sparrow
Zonotrichia albicollis................. White-throated Sparrow
Artemisiospiza nevadensis.............. Sagebrush Sparrow
Artemisiospiza belli................... Bell's Sparrow.
Pooecetes gramineus.................... Vesper Sparrow.
Ammospiza leconteii.................... LeConte's Sparrow
Ammospiza maritima..................... Seaside Sparrow.
Ammospiza nelsoni...................... Nelson's Sparrow.
Ammospiza caudacuta.................... Saltmarsh Sparrow.
Centronyx bairdii...................... Baird's Sparrow.
Centronyx henslowii.................... Henslow's Sparrow.
Passerculus sandwichensis.............. Savannah Sparrow.
Melospiza melodia...................... Song Sparrow.
Melospiza lincolnii.................... Lincoln's Sparrow.
Melospiza georgiana.................... Swamp Sparrow.
Melozone fusca......................... Canyon Towhee.
Melozone aberti........................ Abert's Towhee.
Melozone crissalis..................... California Towhee.
Aimophila ruficeps..................... Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
Pipilo chlorurus....................... Green-tailed Towhee.
Pipilo maculatus....................... Spotted Towhee.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus................ Eastern Towhee.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(HH) Family Nesospingidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nesospingus speculiferus............... Puerto Rican Tanager.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(II) Family Spindalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spindalis zena......................... Western Spindalis.
[[Page 76020]]
Spindalis portoricensis................ Puerto Rican Spindalis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(JJ) Family Icteridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Icteria virens......................... Yellow-breasted Chat.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.......... Yellow-headed Blackbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dolichonyx oryzivorus.................. Bobolink.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sturnella lilianae..................... Chihuahuan Meadowlark.
Sturnella magna........................ Eastern Meadowlark.
Sturnella neglecta..................... Western Meadowlark.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) Subfamily Icterinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Icterus portoricensis.................. Puerto Rican Oriole.
Icterus wagleri........................ Black-vented Oriole.
Icterus spurius........................ Orchard Oriole.
Icterus cucullatus..................... Hooded Oriole.
Icterus pustulatus..................... Streak-backed Oriole.
Icterus bullockii...................... Bullock's Oriole.
Icterus gularis........................ Altamira Oriole.
Icterus graduacauda.................... Audubon's Oriole.
Icterus galbula........................ Baltimore Oriole.
Icterus abeillei....................... Black-backed Oriole.
Icterus parisorum...................... Scott's Oriole.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agelaius phoeniceus.................... Red-winged Blackbird.
Agelaius tricolor...................... Tricolored Blackbird.
Agelaius humeralis..................... Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.
Agelaius xanthomus..................... Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.
Molothrus bonariensis.................. Shiny Cowbird.
Molothrus aeneus....................... Bronzed Cowbird.
Molothrus ater......................... Brown-headed Cowbird.
Euphagus carolinus..................... Rusty Blackbird.
Euphagus cyanocephalus................. Brewer's Blackbird.
Quiscalus quiscula..................... Common Grackle.
Quiscalus major........................ Boat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus mexicanus.................... Great-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus niger........................ Greater Antillean Grackle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(KK) Family Parulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seiurus aurocapilla.................... Ovenbird.
Helmitheros vermivorum................. Worm-eating Warbler.
Parkesia motacilla..................... Louisiana Waterthrush.
Parkesia noveboracensis................ Northern Waterthrush.
Vermivora bachmanii.................... Bachman's Warbler.
Vermivora chrysoptera.................. Golden-winged Warbler.
Vermivora cyanoptera................... Blue-winged Warbler.
Mniotilta varia........................ Black-and-white Warbler.
Protonotaria citrea.................... Prothonotary Warbler.
Limnothlypis swainsonii................ Swainson's Warbler.
Oreothlypis superciliosa............... Crescent-chested Warbler.
Leiothlypis peregrina.................. Tennessee Warbler.
Leiothlypis celata..................... Orange-crowned Warbler.
Leiothlypis crissalis.................. Colima Warbler.
Leiothlypis luciae..................... Lucy's Warbler.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla................ Nashville Warbler.
Leiothlypis virginiae.................. Virginia's Warbler.
Oporornis agilis....................... Connecticut Warbler.
Geothlypis poliocephala................ Gray-crowned Yellowthroat.
Geothlypis tolmiei..................... MacGillivray's Warbler.
Geothlypis philadelphia................ Mourning Warbler.
[[Page 76021]]
Geothlypis formosa..................... Kentucky Warbler.
Geothlypis trichas..................... Common Yellowthroat.
Setophaga angelae...................... Elfin-woods Warbler.
Setophaga citrina...................... Hooded Warbler.
Setophaga ruticilla.................... American Redstart.
Setophaga kirtlandii................... Kirtland's Warbler.
Setophaga tigrina...................... Cape May Warbler.
Setophaga cerulea...................... Cerulean Warbler.
Setophaga americana.................... Northern Parula.
Setophaga pitiayumi.................... Tropical Parula.
Setophaga magnolia..................... Magnolia Warbler.
Setophaga castanea..................... Bay-breasted Warbler.
Setophaga fusca........................ Blackburnian Warbler.
Setophaga petechia..................... Yellow Warbler.
Setophaga pensylvanica................. Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Setophaga striata...................... Blackpoll Warbler.
Setophaga caerulescens................. Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Setophaga palmarum..................... Palm Warbler.
Setophaga pinus........................ Pine Warbler.
Setophaga coronata..................... Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Setophaga dominica..................... Yellow-throated Warbler.
Setophaga discolor..................... Prairie Warbler.
Setophaga adelaidae.................... Adelaide's Warbler.
Setophaga graciae...................... Grace's Warbler.
Setophaga nigrescens................... Black-throated Gray Warbler.
Setophaga townsendi.................... Townsend's Warbler.
Setophaga occidentalis................. Hermit Warbler.
Setophaga chrysoparia.................. Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Setophaga virens....................... Black-throated Green Warbler.
Basileuterus lachrymosus............... Fan-tailed Warbler.
Basileuterus rufifrons................. Rufous-capped Warbler.
Basileuterus culicivorus............... Golden-crowned Warbler.
Cardellina canadensis.................. Canada Warbler.
Cardellina pusilla..................... Wilson's Warbler.
Cardellina rubrifrons.................. Red-faced Warbler.
Myioborus pictus....................... Painted Redstart.
Myioborus miniatus..................... Slate-throated Redstart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(LL) Family Cardinalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Piranga flava.......................... Hepatic Tanager.
Piranga rubra.......................... Summer Tanager.
Piranga olivacea....................... Scarlet Tanager.
Piranga ludoviciana.................... Western Tanager.
Piranga bidentata...................... Flame-colored Tanager.
Rhodothraupis celaeno.................. Crimson-collared Grosbeak.
Cardinalis cardinalis.................. Northern Cardinal.
Cardinalis sinuatus.................... Pyrrhuloxia.
Pheucticus chrysopeplus................ Yellow Grosbeak.
Pheucticus ludovicianus................ Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Pheucticus melanocephalus.............. Black-headed Grosbeak.
Cyanocompsa parellina.................. Blue Bunting.
Passerina caerulea..................... Blue Grosbeak.
Passerina amoena....................... Lazuli Bunting.
Passerina cyanea....................... Indigo Bunting.
Passerina versicolor................... Varied Bunting.
Passerina ciris........................ Painted Bunting.
Spiza americana........................ Dickcissel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(MM) Family Thraupidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Subfamily Dacninae..................................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cyanerpes cyaneus...................... Red-legged Honeycreeper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Subfamily Coerebinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coereba flaveola....................... Bananaquit.
Tiaris olivaceus....................... Yellow-faced Grassquit.
Melopyrrha portoricensis............... Puerto Rican Bullfinch.
Melanospiza bicolor.................... Black-faced Grassquit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 76022]]
(3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sporophila morelleti................... Morelet's Seedeater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART 17--ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
0
3. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 1531-1544; and 4201-4245, unless
otherwise noted.
0
4. Amend Sec. 17.11, in paragraph (h), the List of Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife, under BIRDS, by:
0
a. Revising the entries for ``Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) [FL
DPS]'', ``Crane, Mississippi sandhill'', ``Nightjar, Puerto Rican'',
and ``Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain'';
0
b. Removing the entries for ``Rail, California clapper'' and ``Rail,
light-footed clapper'';
0
c. Adding, in alphabetical order, entries for ``Rail, California
Ridgway's'' and ``Rail, light-footed Ridgway's''; and
0
d. Revising the entries for ``Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside'', ``Tern,
California least'', and ``Towhee, Inyo California''.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Listing citations
Common name Scientific name Where listed Status and applicable
rules
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
BIRDS
* * * * * * *
Caracara, crested, (Audubon's) Caracara plancus U.S.A. (FL)............... T 52 FR 25229, 7/6/
[FL DPS]. audubonii. 1987.
* * * * * * *
Crane, Mississippi sandhill.... Antigone Wherever found............ E 38 FR 14678, 6/4/
canadensis pulla. 1973; 50 CFR
17.95(b).\CH\
* * * * * * *
Nightjar, Puerto Rican......... Antrostomus Wherever found............ E 38 FR 14678, 6/4/
noctitherus. 1973.
* * * * * * *
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain..... Patagioenas Wherever found............ E 35 FR 16047, 10/
inornata wetmorei. 13/1970.
* * * * * * *
Rail, California Ridgway's..... Rallus obsoletus Wherever found............ E 35 FR 16047, 10/
obsoletus. 13/1970.
* * * * * * *
Rail, light-footed Ridgway's... Rallus obsoletus U.S.A. only............... E 34 FR 5034, 3/8/
levipes. 1969;
35 FR 16047, 10/
13/1970.
* * * * * * *
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside.... Ammospiza maritima Wherever found............ E 32 FR 4001, 3/11/
mirabilis. 1967;
50 CFR
17.95(b).\CH\
* * * * * * *
Tern, California least......... Sternula Wherever found............ E 35 FR 16047, 10/
antillarum browni. 13/1970;
35 FR 8491, 6/2/
1970.
* * * * * * *
Towhee, Inyo California........ Melozone crissalis Wherever found............ T 52 FR 28780, 8/3/
eremophilus. 1987;
50 CFR
17.95(b).\CH\
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
5. Amend Sec. 17.95, in paragraph (b), by
0
a. Revising the headings for ``Mississippi Sandhill Crane (Grus
canadensis pulla)'' and ``Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus
maritimus mirabilis)''; and
0
b. Removing the heading ``Inyo Brown Towhee (Pipilo fuscus
eremophilus)'' and adding in its place a heading for ``Inyo California
Towhee (Melozone crissalis eremophilus)''.
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 17.95 Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.
(b) * * *
MISSISSIPPI SANDHILL CRANE (Antigone canadensis pulla)
* * * * *
CAPE SABLE SEASIDE SPARROW (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis)
* * * * *
[[Page 76023]]
INYO CALIFORNIA TOWHEE (Melozone crissalis eremophilus)
* * * * *
PART 21--MIGRATORY BIRD PERMITS
0
6. The authority citation for part 21 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703-712.
Sec. 21.123 [Amended]
0
7. Amend Sec. 21.123, in the introductory text of paragraph (a), by
removing the words ``(Phalacrocorax auritus)'' and adding in their
place the words ``(Nannopterum auritum)''.
Shannon A. Estenoz,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 2022-26733 Filed 12-9-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P