Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Ceiling Fans, 50396-50431 [2022-16951]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
50396
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE–2013–BT–TP–0050]
RIN 1904–AD88
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Ceiling Fans
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) is amending the test
procedures for ceiling fans to include a
definition for ‘‘circulating air’’ for the
purpose of the ceiling fan definition;
include ceiling fans greater than 24 feet
within the scope of the test procedure;
include certain belt-driven ceiling fans
within the scope of the test procedure;
specify that certain very small-diameter
ceiling fans are not required to be tested;
maintain applicability of the standby
power test procedure to large-diameter
ceiling fans; specify instructions for
testing ceiling fans with certain
accessories or features; clarify test
voltage for large-diameter ceiling fans;
amend the low speed definition and
increase low speed tolerance for
stability criteria; permit an alternate setup to collect air velocity test data and
provide greater specificity regarding
sensor orientation; amend the blade
thickness measurement requirement;
update instrument measurement
resolution, represented values, rounding
instructions, and enforcement
provisions; and codify current guidance
on calculating several values reported
on the EnergyGuide label. DOE is also
updating references to an industry test
standard to reference the latest version.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is
September 15, 2022. The final rule
changes will be mandatory for product
testing starting February 13, 2023. The
incorporation by reference of certain
material listed in this rule is approved
by the Director of the Federal Register
as of September 15, 2022. The
incorporation by reference of certain
other material listed in this rule was
approved by the Director of the Federal
Register as of August 24, 2016 and May
27, 2021.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, webinar
attendee lists and transcripts,
comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in
the www.regulations.gov index.
However, some documents listed in the
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
SUMMARY:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
A link to the docket web page can be
found at regulations.gov/docket/EERE2013-BT-TP-0050. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access
all documents, including public
comments, in the docket.
For further information on how to
review the docket contact the Appliance
and Equipment Standards Program staff
at (202) 287–1445 or by email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
9870. Email
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–2588. Email:
amelia.whiting@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE
incorporates by reference the following
industry standards into part 430: ANSI/
AMCA Standard 230–15 (‘‘AMCA 230–
15’’), ‘‘Laboratory Methods of Testing
Air Circulating Fans for Rating and
Certification’’, ANSI-approved October
16, 2015, including AMCA 230–15
Technical Errata 2021–05–05,
‘‘Technical Errata Sheet for ANSI/
AMCA Standard 230–15: Density
Corrections’’, dated May 5, 2021. IEC
62301, Household electrical
appliances—Measurement of standby
power, (Edition 2.0, 2011–01).
DOE maintains previously approved
incorporation by reference in part 430:
ANSI/AMCA Standard 208–18 (‘‘AMCA
208–18’’), Calculation of the Fan Energy
Index, ANSI approved January 24, 2018,
IBR approved for appendix U to this
subpart.
Copies of the AMCA standards are
available from Air Movement and
Control Association International, Inc.
(AMCA), 30 West University Drive,
Arlington Heights, IL 60004, (847) 394–
0150, or by going to www.amca.org/
store.
Copies of the IEC standard are
available from International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3
Rue de Varembe, Case Postale 131, 1211
Geneva 20, Switzerland, https://
webstore.iec.ch/ and from the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY
10036, (212) 642–4900,
webstore.ansi.org. For a further
discussion of this standard, see section
IV.N of this document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
1. Scope of Ceiling Fan Product Coverage
2. Scope of Ceiling Fan Test Procedure
B. Standards Incorporated by Reference
C. Efficiency Metric for Small-Diameter
Ceiling Fans
D. Standby Power Test Procedure for
Large-Diameter and High-Speed BeltDriven Ceiling Fans
E. Specifications for Ceiling Fans With
Accessories
F. Ceiling Fan Test Voltage
G. Low Speed Definition
H. Alternate Stability Criteria for Average
Air Velocity Measurements
I. Sensor Arm Setup
J. Air Velocity Sensor Mounting Angle
K. Instructions To Measure Blade
Thickness
L. Instrument Measurement Resolution
M. Certification, Represented Value, and
Rounding Requirements
N. Product-Specific Enforcement
Provisions
O. Calculation Methodology for Values
Reported on the EnergyGuide Label
1. Airflow Efficiency
2. Airflow
3. Energy Use
4. Estimated Yearly Energy Cost
P. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
1. Cost Impacts for the Scope Related
Amendments
2. Cost Impacts for Stability Criteria
3. Cost Impacts for Low Speed Definition
4. Cost Impacts for Other Test Procedure
Amendments
Q. Effective and Compliance Dates
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
and 13563
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by
Reference
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
I. Authority and Background
DOE is authorized to establish and
amend energy conservation standards
and test procedures for ceiling fans. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i) and (B), and 42
U.S.C. 6295(ff)) DOE’s energy
conservation standards and test
procedures for ceiling fans are currently
prescribed at title 10 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (‘‘CFR’’), part 430
section 32(s)(1) and (2), 10 CFR part 430
section 23(w), and 10 CFR part 430
subpart B appendix U (‘‘appendix U’’),
respectively. The following sections
discuss DOE’s authority to establish test
procedures for ceiling fans and relevant
background information regarding
DOE’s consideration of test procedures
for this product.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’),1 authorizes
DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of
a number of consumer products and
certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317) Title III, Part B 2 of EPCA
established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. These
products include ceiling fans, the
subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6291(49), 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i)
and (B), and 42 U.S.C. 6295(ff))
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal
energy conservation standards, and (4)
certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA specifically include definitions
(42 U.S.C. 6291), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6294), energy conservation
standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the
authority to require information and
reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C.
6296).
The testing requirements consist of
test procedures that manufacturers of
covered products must use as the basis
for (1) certifying to DOE that their
products comply with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted
under EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2)
making other representations about the
efficiency of those products (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the products comply with any relevant
1 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020), which
reflect the last statutory amendments that impact
Parts A and A–1 of EPCA.
2 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part B was redesignated Part A.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6297)
DOE may, however, grant waivers of
Federal preemption for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with
the procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section shall be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle (as determined by the
Secretary) or period of use and shall not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
With respect to ceiling fans, EPCA
requires that test procedures be based
on the ‘‘Energy Star Testing Facility
Guidance Manual: Building a Testing
Facility and Performing the Solid State
Test Method for ENERGY STAR
Qualified Ceiling Fans, Version 1.1’’
published by the Environmental
Protection Agency, and that the
Secretary may review and revise the test
procedures established. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(16)(A)(i) and (B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including ceiling fans, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A) and (b)(3))
If the Secretary determines, on her
own behalf or in response to a petition
by any interested person, that a test
procedure should be prescribed or
amended, the Secretary shall promptly
publish in the Federal Register
proposed test procedures and afford
interested persons an opportunity to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments with respect to such
procedures. The comment period on a
proposed rule to amend a test procedure
shall be at least 60 days and may not
exceed 270 days. In prescribing or
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50397
amending a test procedure, the
Secretary shall take into account such
information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including
technological developments relating to
energy use or energy efficiency of the
type (or class) of covered products
involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)). If DOE
determines that test procedure revisions
are not appropriate, DOE must publish
its determination not to amend the test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)(ii))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE
amend its test procedures for all covered
products to integrate measures of
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other
energy descriptor, unless the current
test procedure already incorporates the
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, or if such integration is
technically infeasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)) If an integrated test
procedure is technically infeasible, DOE
must prescribe separate standby mode
and off mode energy use test procedures
for the covered product, if a separate
test is technically feasible. (Id.) Any
such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the IEC
Standard 62301 3 and IEC Standard
62087 4 as applicable. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A))
DOE is publishing this final rule in
satisfaction of the 7-year review
requirement specified in EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE’s existing test
procedures for ceiling fans appear at
appendix U. On September 30, 2019,
DOE published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (‘‘NOPR’’) proposing
amendments to the test procedure
addressing questions received from
interested parties. 84 FR 51440.
(‘‘September 2019 NOPR’’) In the
September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
to interpret the term ‘‘suspended from a
ceiling’’ in the EPCA definition of
ceiling fan to mean offered for mounting
only on a ceiling; specify that very
small-diameter (‘‘VSD’’) ceiling fans that
do not also meet the definition of lowspeed small-diameter (‘‘LSSD’’) ceiling
fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method; for
LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, increase the
tolerance for the stability criteria for the
average air velocity measurements
3 IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011–
01).
4 IEC 62087, Audio, video and related
equipment—Methods of measurement for power
consumption (Edition 1.0, Parts 1–6: 2015, Part 7:
2018).
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50398
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
during low speed tests; specify that
large-diameter ceiling fans with blade
spans greater than 24 feet do not need
to be tested pursuant to the DOE test
method; codify current guidance on
calculating several values reported on
the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s
(‘‘FTC’’) EnergyGuide label for LSSD
and VSD ceiling fans; and amend
certification requirements and productspecific enforcement provisions to
reflect the current test procedures and
recently amended energy conservation
standards for ceiling fans. 84 FR 51440,
51442. Additionally, on October 17,
2019, DOE hosted a public meeting to
present the September 2019 NOPR
proposals.
DOE, with the support of the
American Lighting Association
(‘‘ALA’’), conducted a round robin test
program for ceiling fans to observe
laboratory setups and test practices,
evaluate within-laboratory variation
(i.e., repeatability) and assess betweenlaboratory consistency (i.e.,
reproducibility). Round robin testing
was conducted from January 2019 to
April 2020. Six test laboratories
participated in the round robin,
representing both manufacturer
laboratories and third-party laboratories.
Four laboratories were located in North
America, and two were located in
China. ALA and ceiling fan
manufacturers supplied two samples
each of five ceiling fan models (for a
total of 10 test samples). The
laboratories were instructed to test
according to appendix U. DOE
representatives were present during all
testing to observe test setups and
practices used in a variety of labs. The
round robin test report has been
separately published in the docket.5
On May 27, 2021, DOE published a
final rule to amend the current
regulations for large-diameter ceiling
fans to implement technical
amendments corresponding with
provisions enacted by Congress through
the Energy Act of 2020. 86 FR 28469
(‘‘May 2021 Technical Amendment’’)
Specifically, section 1008 of the Energy
Act of 2020 amended section 325(ff)(6)
of EPCA to specify that large-diameter
ceiling fans manufactured on or after
January 21, 2020, are not required to
meet minimum ceiling fan efficiency
requirements in terms of the ratio of the
total airflow to the total power
consumption as established in a final
rule published January 19, 2017 (82 FR
6826; ‘‘January 2017 Final Rule’’), and
instead are required to meet specified
minimum efficiency requirements based
on the Ceiling Fan Energy Index
(‘‘CFEI’’) metric. 86 FR 28469, 28469–
28470. The May 2021 Technical
Amendment also implemented
conforming amendments to the ceiling
fan test procedure to ensure consistency
with the Energy Act of 2020. 86 FR
28469, 28470.
On December 7, 2021, DOE published
a supplemental NOPR (‘‘SNOPR’’) to
present modifications to certain
proposals presented in the September
2019 NOPR, and to propose additional
amendments based on round robin
testing. 86 FR 69544 (‘‘December 2021
SNOPR’’) In the December 2021 SNOPR,
DOE addressed a subset of comments
received in response to the September
2019 NOPR that were relevant to the
SNOPR. 86 FR 69544, 69546.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
proposed to include a definition for
‘‘circulating air’’ for the purpose of the
ceiling fan definition, include ceiling
fans greater than 24 feet in the scope,
include certain belt-driven ceiling fans
within scope, include a standby metric
for large-diameter ceiling fans, amend
the low speed definition, permit an
alternate set-up to collect air velocity
test data, amend certain set-up and
operation specifications, amend the
blade thickness measurement
requirement, and update productspecific rounding and enforcement
provisions. 86 FR 69544, 69547.
Additionally, on January 11, 2022, DOE
hosted a public webinar to present the
December 2021 SNOPR proposals.
DOE received comments in response
to the September 2019 NOPR and
December 2021 SNOPR from interested
parties listed in Table II.1 of this
document. Table II.1 reflects
commenters that provided comments to
the September 2019 NOPR that were not
already fully addressed in the December
2021 SNOPR.
TABLE II.1—LIST OF COMMENTERS WITH WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS IN RESPONSE TO THE SEPTEMBER 2019 NOPR * AND
DECEMBER 2021 SNOPR
Commenter(s)
Reference in this final rule
Document No.
in docket
Air Movement and Control Association International ..........................
American Lighting Association .............................................................
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, American Council for an
Energy-Efficient Economy, National Consumer Law Center, Energy Efficiency Advocate, New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance.
Big Ass Fans ........................................................................................
Hunter Fan Company ..........................................................................
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric, and
Southern California Edison; collectively, the California InvestorOwned Utilities.
VES Environmental Solution, Inc. ........................................................
AMCA ................................
ALA ....................................
Efficiency Advocates .........
33, 43
34, 45
44
Trade Association.
Trade Association.
Efficiency Organizations.
BAF ...................................
Hunter ................................
CA IOUs ............................
36
29
31, 46
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Utilities.
VES ...................................
25, 26
Manufacturer.
Commenter type
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
* The table includes only comments to the September 2019 NOPR that were not already fully addressed in the December 2021 SNOPR.
To the extent that DOE received
comments relating to the energy
conservation standards for ceiling fans,
such comments are not discussed in this
final rule as this rulemaking only
addresses the test procedure. These
comments will be discussed in the
separate energy conservation standards
rulemaking docket (EERE–2021–BT–
STD–0011).
A parenthetical reference at the end of
a comment quotation or paraphrase
provides the location of the item in the
public record.6
5 The docketed round robin report can be found
in the rulemaking Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–TP–
0050. www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2013-BTTP-0050.
6 The parenthetical reference provides a reference
for information located in the docket of DOE’s
rulemaking to develop test procedures for ceiling
fans. (Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–TP–0050, which
is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The
references are arranged as follows: (commenter
name, comment docket ID number, page of that
document).
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
50399
ALA and AMCA commented that
AMCA 230–15 is currently in the
process of being updated and
encouraged DOE to delay finalizing the
ceiling fans test procedure until the
updated version of AMCA 230 is
published. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 4; AMCA,
No. 43 at pp. 1, 5, 10–11) DOE notes that
there is no scheduled date for the
finalization of the update to AMCA 230.
In light of the 7-year test procedure
lookback requirement of EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)) and the
requirement that amended test
procedures that impact measured energy
use or efficiency be finalized at least 180
days prior to the close of the comment
period for a NOPR proposing new or
amended energy conservation standards
or a notice of proposed determination
that standards do not need to be
amended (appendix A to subpart C of
part 430, section (8)(d)(1)), DOE is not
delaying finalization of the ceiling fans
test procedure. As discussed below,
DOE is updating the reference to AMCA
230–15 to include the errata sheet
published May 2021.
In response the September 2019
NOPR, Hunter noted that they were
grateful that DOE initiated round robin
testing to remedy any issues with the
test procedure. However, they also
noted that DOE must be mindful when
exercising enforcement and compliance
because the amendments are being
implemented not only before the round
robin is completed, but also before
company and independent labs have
thoroughly considered them. (Hunter
No. 29 at pp. 1–2) DOE notes that the
round robin has since been completed
and the round robin test report has been
separately published in the docket.7
Certain company and independent labs
were involved during the round robin
testing. Further, DOE also published the
December 2021 SNOPR which provided
additional proposals based on the round
robin testing, and additional
opportunities for industry to consider
and comment on the proposals. As such,
the amendments in this final rule are
based on the proposals in the September
2019 NOPR and the December 2021
SNOPR. The effective date for the
adopted test procedure amendment will
be 30 days after publication of this final
rule in the Federal Register. EPCA
prescribes that all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made on marketing
materials and product labels, must be
made in accordance with an amended
test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of the final rule in the
Federal Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, ALA also encouraged DOE to
conduct future round robin testing
within one year of the effective date of
this test procedure rulemaking and
future test procedure updates. ALA also
encouraged DOE to take the necessary
steps to ensure that all third-party labs
are producing test results within an
acceptable range. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 2)
DOE appreciates these comments and
will consider future round robin testing
as needed to inform any future test
procedure amendments.
Finally, Mr. Catania (representing
himself) commented that state
proceedings on the commercial and
industrial fans are moving forward
quickly and asked DOE whether it is
considering updating energy
conservation standards in a federal
rulemaking following the finalization of
the test procedure. (Catania, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 41)
DOE notes that this rulemaking
addresses the test procedure for ceiling
fans only. On October 1, 2021, DOE
issued a request for information (‘‘RFI’’)
seeking comment and information
regarding coverage as part of a separate
rulemaking for fans and blowers.8 86 FR
54412 (‘‘October 2021 RFI’’). Further, on
February 8, 2022, DOE issued a request
for information seeking comments and
information regarding energy
conservation standards for fans and
blowers.9 87 FR 7048. Any discussion
on test procedures (and future
rulemaking for energy conservation
standards) for fans and blowers will be
addressed through the separate
rulemakings.
In this final rule, DOE provides
amendments as follows:
(1) Specifies that for the purpose of
the ceiling fan definition, ‘‘circulating
air’’ means the discharge of air in an
upward or downward direction. A
ceiling fan that has a ratio of fan blade
span (in inches) to maximum rotation
rate (in revolutions per minute
(‘‘RPM’’)) greater than 0.06 provides
circulating air;
(2) Extends the scope of the test
procedure to include large diameter fans
with a diameter greater than 24 feet;
(3) Includes certain belt-driven ceiling
fans within the scope of the test
procedure;
(4) Maintains that the standby power
test procedure is applicable for largediameter ceiling fans;
(5) Clarifies test voltage requirements
for large-diameter ceiling fans;
(6) Specifies test procedures for
ceiling fans with accessories or features
that do not relate to the ceiling fan’s
ability to create airflow by the rotation
of the fan blades;
(7) Clarifies that VSD ceiling fans that
do not also meet the definition of LSSD
fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method;
(8) Modifies the low-speed definition
to ensure that LSSD ceiling fans
(including VSD ceiling fans that also
meet the definition of an LSSD fan) are
tested at a more representative low
speed rather than the ‘‘lowest available
ceiling fan speed’’;
(9) Increases the tolerance for the
stability criteria for the average air
velocity measurements at low speed for
LSSD and VSD ceiling fans that also
meet the definition of an LSSD fan;
(10) Allows use of an alternative
procedure for air velocity data
collection that relies on a two-arm
sensor arm setup, and requires setups
with arm rotation to stabilize the arm
prior to data collection;
(11) Clarifies the alignment of air
velocity sensor placement on the sensor
arm(s);
(12) Specifies the instructions to
measure blade thickness for LSSD and
HSSD ceiling fan definitions;
(13) Specifies instrument
measurement resolution;
(14) Amends represented values,
rounding, and enforcement provisions;
and
(15) Codifies in regulation existing
guidance on the method for calculating
several values reported on the FTC
EnergyGuide label for LSSD and VSD
ceiling fans using results from the
ceiling fan test procedures in appendix
U and represented values in 10 CFR part
429;
As discussed, DOE is also updating
the reference to AMCA 230–15 to
reference the version that includes the
2021 errata sheet. The adopted
amendments are summarized in Table
II.1 of this document compared to the
test procedure provision prior to the
amendment, as well as the reason for
the adopted change.
7 The docketed round robin report can be found
in the rulemaking Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–TP–
0050. www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2013-BTTP-0050.
8 See Docket No. EERE–2021–BT–TP–0021 at
www.regulations.gov.
9 See Docket No. EERE–2022–BT–STD–0002 at
www.regulations.gov.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50400
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE II.1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN THE AMENDED TEST PROCEDURE
DOE test procedure prior to amendment
Amended test procedure
Attribution
Defines ‘‘ceiling fan’’ based on EPCA as ‘‘a nonportable
device that is suspended from a ceiling for circulating
air via the rotation of fan blades.’’
Defines the term ‘‘circulating air’’ for the purpose of the
ceiling fan definition to mean ‘‘the discharge of air in
an upward or downward direction. A ceiling fan that
has a ratio of fan blade span (in inches) to maximum
rotation rate (in revolutions per minute) greater than
0.06 provides circulating air.’’
Includes large diameter fans with a diameter of greater
than 24 feet in the scope of the test procedure.
Includes definitions and test procedures for high-speed
belt-driven ceiling fans.
Specifies that VSD ceiling fans that are not also LSSD
ceiling fans are not required to be tested pursuant to
the DOE test method.
Amends appendix U to include a standby power metric
for large-diameter ceiling fans.
Response to industry comments.
Excludes large diameter fans with a diameter of greater
than 24 feet from the test procedure.
Excludes all belt-driven ceiling fans from the test procedure.
Provides a method of testing only those VSD ceiling
fans that meet the LSSD ceiling fan definition.
Includes a standby power test procedure, but no standby power metric, for the large-diameter ceiling fan
CFEI metric. Prior to the Energy Act of 2020, the applicable metric for large-diameter ceiling fans included
a measurement of standby power.
Does not include specific instructions on how ceiling fan
accessories and/or features should be incorporated
into the test procedure.
Provides potentially ambiguous language for supply voltage specifications for testing large-diameter ceiling
fans.
Defines ‘‘low speed’’ as ‘‘the lowest available ceiling fan
speed, i.e., the fan speed corresponding to the minimum, non-zero, blade RPM.’’
The tolerance for the stability criteria for the average air
velocity measurements for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans
at low speed is less than 5 percent.
Prescribes either a four-arm or one-arm sensor setup,
for certain fan types.
Does not explicitly specify air velocity sensor alignment
or acceptance angle.
Does not specify how fan blade thickness should be
measured.
Does not include any measurement tolerances for certain parameters and represented values and associated rounding requirements.
Includes product-specific enforcement provisions.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Instruction on calculating EnergyGuide label values
based on measurements taken in accordance with appendix U is provided in a guidance document separate from the CFR.
Incorporates by reference AMCA 230–15, ANSI approved October 16, 2015.
DOE has determined that the
amendments described in section III and
adopted in this document would not
require re-testing for a majority of
ceiling fans. The amendment redefining
‘‘low speed’’ may require retesting for a
limited number of LSSD ceiling fans.
However, DOE expects that the
amendments would be more reasonably
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
Specifies that accessories or features that do not relate
to the ceiling fan’s ability to create airflow by the rotation of the fan blades must be installed, but turned off
during testing. If such an accessory or feature cannot
be turned off, it shall be set to the lowest energy-consuming mode during testing.
Provides clarification for supply voltage specification.
The clarification does not change the original requirement.
Defines ‘‘low speed’’ by representing the proposed definition as a table, indicating the number of sensors
that must measure greater than 40 feet per minute.
Increases the tolerance for the stability criteria for the
average air velocity measurements for LSSD and
VSD ceiling fans at low speed to less than ten 10
percent.
Adds an alternative two-arm setup to measure air velocity. Further, adds requirement for setups that require arm rotation to stabilize the arm to dissipate
any residual turbulence prior to data collection.
Provides explicit instructions to align the air velocity
sensors perpendicular to the airflow.
42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)
requires test procedures
for all products to include
standby mode and off
mode energy consumption.
Improve representativeness
and reproducibility of the
test procedure.
Response to stakeholder
comment.
Improve the repeatability,
reproducibility, and representativeness of the
test procedure.
Response to waiver; improve repeatability of test
results.
Improve the repeatability
and reproducibility of the
test procedure.
Add provisions for verification of represented values to
be used in the context of enforcement of the relevant
efficiency standards.
Codifies the instructions for calculating EnergyGuide
label values in the CFR.
Improve the repeatability
and reproducibility of the
test procedure.
Improve the repeatability
and reproducibility of the
test procedure.
Include represented value
and rounding requirements for current standards.
Include enforcement requirements for current
standards.
Improve ease of use of the
test procedure.
Updates reference to edition including the errata sheet
published June 2021.
Update to industry test
standard.
Adds specification to measure fan blade thickness in a
consistent manner for all fan blade types (including
‘‘rolled-edge’’ blade designs).
Updates measurement tolerances for certain parameters. Also updates represented value calculations
and rounding requirements.
designed to produce results that are
representative of average use at low
speed. Discussion of DOE’s actions are
addressed in detail in section III of this
document, including test procedure
costs and cost savings.
The effective date for the amended
test procedures adopted in this final
rule is 30 days after publication of this
PO 00000
Response to industry comments.
Response to industry comments.
Clarification of test procedure scope.
Frm 00006
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
document in the Federal Register.
Representations of energy use or energy
efficiency must be based on testing in
accordance with the amended test
procedures beginning 180 days after the
publication of this final rule.
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
EPCA defines ‘‘ceiling fan’’ as ‘‘a
nonportable device that is suspended
from a ceiling for circulating air via the
rotation of fan blades.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6291(49)) DOE codified the statutory
definition in 10 CFR 430.2. In a final
rule published July 25, 2016 (‘‘July 2016
Final Rule’’), DOE stated that the test
procedure applies to any product
meeting this definition, including
hugger fans, fans designed for
applications where large airflow volume
may be needed, and highly decorative
fans. 81 FR 48619, 48622. DOE stated,
however, that manufacturers were not
required to test the following fans
according to the test procedure: beltdriven ceiling fans, centrifugal ceiling
fans, oscillating ceiling fans, and ceiling
fans whose blades’ plane of rotation
cannot be within 45 degrees of
horizontal. Id.
1. Scope of Ceiling Fan Product
Coverage
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to clarify its interpretation of
the statutory definition in response to
an inquiry from AMCA regarding the
application of the term ‘‘ceiling fan’’ to
products known as ‘‘air circulating fan
heads’’ (‘‘ACFHs’’).10 84 FR 51440,
51443. In letters submitted to DOE in
May and July of 2019, AMCA asserted
that air circulating fan heads have
distinct characteristics and functions
compared to traditional ceiling fans,
including that air circulating fan heads
provide concentrated directional airflow
as opposed to circulating air.11 (AMCA,
No. 23 in both May and July 2019
letters, at p. 1) AMCA recommended
that DOE use the physical
characteristics of fan diameter and
rotational tip speed or outlet air speed
as a means to distinguish fans that
circulate air (as necessary to meet the
statutory definition of ‘‘ceiling fan’’)
from ACFHs that provide directional air
flow (i.e., fans excluded from the
statutory definition of ‘‘ceiling fan’’).12
10 Section 5.1.1 of ANSI/AMCA Standard 230–15
(‘‘AMCA 230–15’’), ‘‘Laboratory Methods of Testing
Air Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification,’’
defines air circulating fan head as ‘‘an assembly
consisting of a motor, impeller and guard for
mounting on a pedestal having a base and column,
wall mount bracket, ceiling mount bracket, I-beam
bracket or other commonly accepted mounting
means.’’
11 The May and July 2019 letters are available at
www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2013-BTTP-0050-0023.
12 AMCA specifically recommended the use of tip
speed, which is calculated as blade diameter ×
3.14159 × rotational speed in RPM, and suggested
that the maximum tip speed of a ceiling fan would
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
(AMCA, No. 23 in the July 2019 letter
at p. 2) Accordingly, in the September
2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to clarify the
definition of ‘‘ceiling fan’’ and proposed
two alternate definitions of the term to
distinguish a ‘‘ceiling fan’’ from other
fans based on the ‘‘non-portable’’
element and ‘‘suspended from a ceiling’’
(i.e., ‘‘mounting’’) element of the
statutory definition. 84 FR 51440,
51444. Specifically, DOE proposed to
include within the definition that for
purposes of the definition, the term
‘‘suspended from a ceiling’’ means
offered for mounting on a ceiling, and
the term ‘‘nonportable’’ means not
offered for mounting on a surface other
than a ceiling.’’ Id.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR, commenters were generally
opposed to using a mounting element as
a distinction stating it was too broad
and could create loopholes. (ALA, No.
34 at p. 2; AMCA, No. 33 at pp. 2–3;
Hunter No. 29 at p. 2) Multiple
interested parties recommended that the
definition of ceiling fan be based on, in
part, a ratio of diameter to maximum
operating speed in order to separate fans
that circulate air from those that provide
directional airflow. (Hunter Fans, BAFs,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp.
33–35, AMCA, No. 33 at pp. 3–6; ALA,
No. 34 at p. 2; and Hunter No. 29 at p.
2) Specifically, these commenters
suggested that a diameter-to-maximum
operating speed ratio less than 0.06
inches/RPM could be used to
distinguish products that are not ceiling
fans. Id.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
proposed to define the term ‘‘circulating
air’’ as it is used in the ceiling fan
definition and to include a specification
that a ceiling fan with a maximum
operating speed ratio of greater than
0.06 in/RPM is considered to provide
circulating air. 86 FR 69544, 69550.
DOE stated that EPCA does not define
‘‘circulating air,’’ but that the term can
generally be understood as the discharge
of air in an upward or downward
direction with the air returning to the
intake side of the fan, i.e., the air is
circulated within a space. Id. In
contrast, directional airflow targets the
discharged air at a specific location and
the discharged air does not return to the
intake side of the fan, i.e., directional
airflow moves air, but does not circulate
it within the space. Id. A fan that
provides directional airflow, as opposed
to ‘‘circulating air’’, would not be a
‘‘ceiling fan’’ as that term is defined in
EPCA. Id. DOE tentatively concluded
that the diameter-to-maximum operating
be 4,000 feet per minute. See May 2019 letter, page
2.
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50401
speed ratio of 0.06 in/RPM is
appropriate to distinguish fans with
directional airflow from circulating
airflow. Id.
DOE also noted in the December 2021
SNOPR that the ceiling fan design
standards of EPCA would not be
applicable to fans that do not meet the
criteria of the proposed definition. 86
FR 69544, 69551. Specifically, EPCA
requires all ceiling fans manufactured
after January 1, 2007, to have: (i) fan
speed controls separate from any
lighting controls; (ii) adjustable speed
controls (either more than 1 speed or
variable speed); and (iii) the capability
of reversible fan action, except for fans
sold for industrial applications, fans
sold for outdoor applications, and cases
in which safety standards would be
violated by the use of the reversible
mode. (86 FR 69544, 69551; 42 U.S.C.
6295(ff)(1)(A)) The energy conservation
standards established by DOE would
also not be applicable to such products.
86 FR 69544, 69551.
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, ALA and AMCA both
commented that they support DOE’s
definition of ‘‘circulating air’’. (AMCA,
No. 43 at p. 2; ALA, No. 45 at p. 2) ALA
noted its hope that the inclusion of a
definition of ‘‘circulating air’’ would
effectively remove ACFHs from the
scope of ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 45 at p.
2) AMCA also specifically indicated its
support for the 0.06-in/RPM threshold
ratio proposed in the December 2021
SNOPR and cited public data indicating
that all products they identified as
ACFHs were below the 0.06 ratio.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 2–3) Based on
these data, AMCA commented that a
threshold of 0.06 in/RPM for the
diameter-to-maximum-operating-speed
ratio was appropriate to separate ACFH
from ceiling fans. (Id.; see also AMCA,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p.
21)
Further, AMCA commented that it
may be better to define ‘‘circulating air’’
separately in appendix U, so that it can
be used in other fan definitions, such as
the commercial and industrial fans and
blowers rulemaking. (AMCA, No. 43 at
p. 4) AMCA also commented that the
definition will be examined during the
update of AMCA 230. (AMCA, No. 43 at
p. 2)
DOE notes that this rulemaking is
focused on definitions and test
procedures relevant to ceiling fans, and
thus is determining a definition for
‘‘circulating air’’ specifically in the
context of the ceiling fan definition.
DOE also acknowledges that AMCA 230
is currently under review and were
AMCA 230 to adopt a different
approach to delineating ceiling fans
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50402
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
from other fan products, DOE may
consider such an approach in a future
rulemaking.
The CA IOUs suggested that DOE not
attempt to define ‘‘circulating air’’
within its ceiling fans definition. (CA
IOUs, No. 46 at p. 2) The CA IOUs
commented that DOE’s proposed
definition puts too much emphasis on
fan setup and room configuration, rather
than the attributes of the fan itself. (Id.)
They stated that a ceiling fan in a large,
open warehouse would not have air
directly returning to the intake side of
the fan, whereas an ACFH in a small
room may have air directly returning to
the intake side of the fan, such that the
proposed definition of circulating air
may not be able to provide the intended
clarity. (Id.)
The CA IOUs also suggested a
modified ceiling fan definition: Ceiling
fan means a nonportable device that can
be suspended from a ceiling or overhead
support for the purpose of circulating
air via the rotation of fan blades. A
ceiling fan has a ratio of fan blade span
(in inches) to maximum rotation rate (in
revolutions per minute) greater than
0.06. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 2) The CA
IOUs expressed concern that in many
commercial and industrial applications,
ceiling fans are mounted from an
overhead support rather than directly
suspended from a ceiling, and that the
manufacturer will most likely not know
whether their products will be
suspended from a ceiling or another
type of overhead support during the
product design phase. (Id.) Accordingly,
the CA IOUs commented that including
the phrase ‘‘or overhead support’’ would
avoid an unintended interpretation that
the type of structure from which the fan
is suspended determines coverage. (Id.)
They suggested that there is a strong
precedent for DOE to address EPCAderived uncertainty to provide a clearer
and more comprehensive definition, as
DOE did for the definition of
showerheads in its October 22, 2013 test
procedure final rule. (Id.)
The Efficiency Advocates commented
that the phrase ‘‘suspended from a
ceiling’’ may create a loophole for fans
with alternative mounting hardware and
recommend that DOE clarify that any
fan ‘‘packaged with hardware for such
an installation’’ and/or ‘‘marketed for
such an installation’’ be covered.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 4)
DOE notes that manufacturers cannot
always anticipate the fan setup, room
configuration, or overhead support for a
particular ceiling fan installation. DOE
expects that any ceiling fan that could
be installed from an overhead support
would also be able to be installed from
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
a ceiling.13 As a general matter, DOE
notes its authority generally applies to
products as manufactured and not at
point of installation. (See generally 42
U.S.C. 6302) Any fan that is distributed
in commerce with components that
enable it to be suspended from a ceiling,
and that meets the ceiling fan definition
in terms of being a non-portable device
and for circulating air (as defined by
this final rule) via the rotation of fan
blades, is a ceiling fan.
Additionally, DOE recognizes that
whether air flow is returned to the fan
intake may be dependent on the
installation environment. Accordingly,
DOE has removed the phrase ‘‘with air
returning to the intake side of the fan’’
from the adopted definition for
‘‘circulating air’’ for the purpose of the
ceiling fans definition. However, the
definition adopted in this final rule
continues to specify a diameter-tomaximum operating speed ratio to
distinguish between fans that generally
are designed to circulate air from those
fans generally designed to provide
directional air flow. As stated, DOE has
determined, as supported by
commenters, that the threshold of 0.06
in/RPM provides the appropriate
distinction.
For the reasons discussed previously
and in consideration of comments
received, in this final rule, DOE adopts
the following definition for ‘‘circulating
air’’ for the purpose of the ceiling fan
definition:
(1) Circulating Air means the
discharge of air in an upward or
downward direction. A ceiling fan that
has a ratio of fan blade span (in inches)
to maximum rotation rate (in
revolutions per minute) greater than
0.06 provides circulating air.
(2) For all other ceiling fan related
definitions, see appendix U to this
subpart.
AMCA (represented by Mr. Catania at
the time) suggested during the
September 2019 NOPR public meeting
that DOE consider including in
Appendix U visual images as examples
(with disclaiming language) of the
applicable fans in scope. (AMCA, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p. 14)
Westinghouse (represented by Mr.
Gatto) also agreed with AMCA’s
comments and suggested that DOE
could consider providing a separate
guidance document that provides clear
examples of in-scope ceiling fans.
13 DOE understands that a ceiling fan is installed
from a junction box that is attached to a structural
beam. Therefore, it is not the dry wall or plaster of
a ceiling that supports the ceiling fan. Accordingly,
DOE concludes that a ceiling fan could as easily be
installed from a structural beam/support without
the dry wall/plaster.
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at p. 16) DOE
appreciates the recommendations, but
notes that examples and pictures could
be interpreted differently by different
stakeholders. DOE prefers to rely on
physical features of the product when
establishing definitions and scope.
Accordingly, at this point DOE is not
considering a separate guidance
document that includes visual
representations of in-scope ceiling fans.
Any specific questions about scope and
test can be sent to
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
2. Scope of Ceiling Fan Test Procedure
Section 2 of appendix U specifies that
the ceiling fan test procedure applies to
ceiling fans except:
(1) Ceiling fans where the plane of
rotation of a ceiling fan’s blades is not
less than or equal to 45 degrees from
horizontal, or cannot be adjusted based
on the manufacturer’s specifications to
be less than or equal to 45 degrees from
horizontal;
(2) Centrifugal ceiling fans;
(3) Belt-driven ceiling fans; and
(4) Oscillating ceiling fans.
Section 1.6 of appendix U defines
‘‘centrifugal ceiling fan’’ as ‘‘a ceiling
fan for which the primary airflow
direction is in the same plane as the
rotation of the fan blades.’’ Section 1.3
of appendix U defines ‘‘belt-driven
ceiling fan’’ as ‘‘a ceiling fan with a
series of one or more fan heads, each
driven by a belt connected to one or
more motors that are located outside of
the fan head.’’ Section 1.16 of appendix
U (renumbered as section 1.17 in this
final rule) defines ‘‘oscillating ceiling
fan’’ as ‘‘a ceiling fan containing one or
more fan heads for which the axis of
rotation of the fan blades cannot remain
in a fixed position relative to the ceiling.
Such fans have no inherent means by
which to disable the oscillating function
separate from the fan blade rotation.’’
DOE received comments regarding the
scope of the ceiling fan test procedure
and exemptions. AMCA commented
that there should continue to be an
exception for ceiling fans whose plane
of rotation exceeds 45 degrees. (AMCA,
No. 33 at p. 8) The CA IOUs
recommended that DOE monitor for
excessive energy use groups of ceiling
fans that are not regulated, such as beltdriven fans and ceiling fans whose
blades’ plane of rotation cannot be
within 45 degrees of the horizontal. (CA
IOUs, No. 31 at p. 3)
In this final rule, DOE makes no
changes to the exclusion of centrifugal
ceiling fans; oscillating ceiling fans; and
ceiling fans where the plane of rotation
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
of a ceiling fan’s blades is not less than
or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal,
or cannot be adjusted based on the
manufacturer’s specifications to be less
than or equal to 45 degrees from
horizontal; as specified in section 2 of
appendix U. As discussed further in
section III.A.2.b of this document, DOE
is amending the scope of the test
procedure with regard to belt-driven
ceiling fans.
VES stated that it is considering
updating its belt-driven ceiling fans to
direct drive fans (which are primarily
shrouded), which would eliminate belt
losses and boost motor efficiency. VES
asserted that these ceiling fans would
then be captured by the HSSD definition
and therefore be subject to minimum
efficiency standards that these ceiling
fans would be unable to meet. VES
recommended that ceiling fans with an
orifice shroud surrounding the impeller
or with adjustable discharge dampers be
exempt from the rulemaking. (VES, No.
26 at pp. 1–2)
Regarding the scope of the ceiling fan
test procedure, if a shrouded ceiling fan
meets the definition of ceiling fan as
amended by this final rule, it would be
considered a ceiling fan and would be
subject to the design standards, test
procedure, and applicable energy
conservation standards. DOE notes that
this rulemaking is with regard only to
the test procedure for ceiling fans and
consideration of energy conservation
standards of ceiling fans is covered by
a separate rulemaking (Docket number
EERE–2021–BT–STD–0011).
a. Scope of Test Procedure for LargeDiameter Ceiling Fans
In the July 2016 Final Rule, DOE
limited the scope of the ceiling fans test
procedure to ceiling fans up to 24 feet
in diameter. 81 FR 48619, 48632. DOE
explained that it was not aware of any
commercially available LDCFs with
blade spans greater than 24 feet and as
such could not confirm the reliability of
test procedure results for these LDCFs.
Thus, section 3.4.1 of appendix U
specifies that the test procedure for
large-diameter ceiling fans (‘‘LDCFs’’) is
applicable for ceiling fans up to 24 feet
in diameter. As such, LDCFs with
diameters greater than 24 feet have not
been subject to energy conservation
standards. .
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
proposed to remove the 24-foot blade
span limit in section 3.4.1 of appendix
U. 86 FR 69544, 69551. This proposal
was based on two primary factors. First,
because DOE’s test procedure for LDCFs
is based on AMCA 230–15, nothing
inherent to the test procedure would
prevent testing of a ceiling fan greater
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
than 24 feet. AMCA 230–15 provides
minimum clearances as a function of
blade span and does not specify an
upper limit on blade span. Second,
AMCA confirmed that the test facilities
AMCA uses are capable of
accommodating ceiling fans with blade
spans substantially larger than 24 feet.
86 FR 69544, 69551; see also AMCA,
No. 43 at p. 4)
AMCA, the Efficiency Advocates, and
the CA IOUs agreed with DOE’s
proposal to remove the 24-foot blade
span limit. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 4;
Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2; CA
IOUs, No. 46 at p.1; AMCA, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 23)
AMCA commented that there is at least
one LDCF on the market with a blade
span greater than 24 feet, and that there
is no additional test burden for testing
a ceiling fan with a blade span greater
than 24 feet relative to testing a ceiling
fan with a blade span of 24 feet. (AMCA,
No. 43 at pp. 4, 12–13)
DOE did not receive any comments
objecting to its proposal to remove the
24-foot blade span limit. Further, while
DOE is aware of two LDCF models with
a diameter greater than 24 feet, DOE
understands that these models are
already tested using the DOE test
procedure.14 Therefore, elimination of
the 24-foot threshold from the test
procedure update will not add any test
burden.
For the reasons discussed, in this final
rule DOE is removing the 24-foot blade
span limit in section 3.4.1 of appendix
U, which expands the scope of the test
procedure for LDCFs to ceiling fans
having a blade span larger than 24 feet.
As such, representations of energy
efficiency and energy use made with
respect to LDCFs, including those with
blade spans larger than 24 feet, must be
made in accordance with this final rule
beginning 180 days after publication of
the final rule in the Federal Register.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2)) DOE will address
any potential changes to the scope of
standards for LDCFs in a separate
rulemaking.
b. Scope of Test Procedure for BeltDriven Ceiling Fans
Section 1.3 of appendix U defines a
‘‘belt-driven ceiling fan’’ as ‘‘a ceiling
14 DOE acknowledges that in the December 2021
SNOPR, in the context of the Paperwork Reduction
Act analysis, DOE stated that it reviewed the market
for ceiling fans with a diameter greater than 24 feet
and identified 4 models currently being offered for
sale by 2 manufacturers. 86 FR 69544, 69562. To
clarify, the identified ceiling fans had the potential
for a diameter greater than 24 feet. DOE assumed
4 models having a diameter greater than 24 feet.
Upon further review, DOE has since concluded that
only two models have a diameter greater than 24
feet.
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50403
fan with a series of one or more fan
heads, each driven by a belt connected
to one or more motors that are located
outside of the fan head.’’ In the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed
to amend the test procedure to include
a type of high-speed, single-head, beltdriven ceiling fan, which stakeholders
identified as having come onto the
market since belt-driven ceiling fans
had been excluded from energy
conservation standards. 86 FR 69544,
69552. DOE stated that unlike other
belt-driven ceiling fans, high-speed,
single-head, belt-driven ceiling fans are
not customizable, and the fan head can
be isolated for testing. DOE noted that,
in contrast to the low-speed multiple
head belt-driven ceiling fans, these
designs allow single-head belt-driven
ceiling fans to be tested using the test
procedures in appendix U. 86 FR 69544,
69552.
Accordingly, DOE proposed to define
high-speed belt-driven (‘‘HSBD’’) ceiling
fan as a small-diameter ceiling fan that
is a belt-driven ceiling fan with one fan
head, and has tip speeds greater than or
equal to 5000 feet per minute. Id. DOE
notes that in its proposal, ‘‘greater than
or equal to 5000 feet per minute’’ was
consistent with the tip speed identified
by stakeholders as corresponding to a
new type of belt-driven fan that had
come to market with a larger motor and
higher tip speeds. 86 FR 69544, 69551–
69552. However, in the December 2021
SNOPR, DOE also suggested that it
would consider other tip speed
thresholds. Id.
DOE also stated that it had identified
at least one belt-driven ceiling fan with
a marketed blade span of greater than 7
feet. DOE proposed to define largediameter belt-driven (‘‘LDBD’’) ceiling
fan as a belt-driven ceiling fan with one
fan head that has a represented value of
blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), greater than seven feet.
Id. Further, DOE also suggested that it
may consider a combined term and
definition for all belt-driven ceiling fans
that meet the scope of HSBD and LDBD
ceiling fans. DOE discussed that by
removing ‘‘small-diameter’’ in the
definition, the alternate HSBD
definition should accommodate beltdriven ceiling fans with blade spans
greater than seven feet. Id.
Generally, the CA IOUs, ALA, and the
Efficiency Advocates commented that
they supported expanding the scope of
the test procedure to cover high-speed,
single-head, belt-driven ceiling fans.
(CA IOUs, No. 46 at pp. 2–3; ALA, No.
45 at p. 2; Efficiency Advocates, No. 44
at pp. 1–2) The Efficiency Advocates
commented that they believe covering
HSBD and LDBDs provides a level
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50404
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
playing field for manufacturers and
permits purchasers to make informed
decisions. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44
at pp. 1–2) Regarding coverage of
LDBDs, AMCA commented that they are
only aware of one LDBD ceiling fan and
stated that there is no reason for it to be
excluded from other large-diameter
ceiling fans based solely on drive type.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5) AMCA added
that the large-diameter ceiling fan
product class already includes both
gear-driven and direct-drive ceiling
fans, such that adding LDBD ceiling fans
would be consistent with current
requirements. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5)
The CA IOUs commented that DOE
should avoid creating a separate product
class for LDBD fans and should instead
include them with large-diameter
ceiling fans because they will have the
same metric and should be held to the
same standard. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p.
3) ALA agreed that LDBDs should be
included with large-diameter ceiling
fans. (ALA, No. 42 at p. 10)
ALA commented that they supported
DOE not proposing a test procedure for
low-speed belt-driven ceiling fans.
(ALA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42
at p. 27)
Based on comment received and
further review, DOE has not identified
any unique applications for LDBDs as
compared to HSBDs. Both DOE and
commenters have only identified one
ceiling fan that would meet the
definition of LDBD. Further, the one
LDBD identified is marketed for similar
applications to all other HSBDs. Given
that both types of fans serve the same
application and can be tested according
to the same procedures, in this final
rule, DOE is adopting a definition for
HSBD that removes any distinction
based on diameter.
DOE notes there are not currently
energy conservation standards that
would be applicable to HSBD ceiling
fans and that it is currently evaluating
potential energy conservation standards
for HSBD ceiling fans in a separate
energy conservation standards
rulemaking (See docket EERE–2021–
BT–STD–0011). As part of that
rulemaking, DOE will consider whether
it is technologically feasible and
economically justified to establish
energy conservation standards for
HSBDs.
Regarding the proposed tip speed
threshold for the HSBD definition,
AMCA and ALA both recommended
that DOE align the tip speed threshold
with the existing blade thickness and tip
speed thresholds separating HSSD and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
LSSD ceiling fans.15 (AMCA, No. 43 at
p. 5; ALA No. 45 at p. 2) AMCA
commented that it supports the
definition because there is a lack of
reliable performance data for HSBD, the
use of a consistent tip-speed threshold
(i.e., the tip-speed threshold used for the
current HSSD and LSSD definitions)
might be more appropriate. (AMCA, No.
43 at p. 5) ALA further commented that
all low-speed, multiple head belt-driven
ceiling fans should remain exempted
from testing requirements. (ALA, No. 45
at p. 2)
The tip-speed thresholds used to
separate LSSD and HSSD ceiling fans, as
defined in section 1.13 of appendix U
(renumbered as section 1.14 in this final
rule) and section 1.8 of appendix U,
respectively, generally align with the
tip-speed thresholds defined by
industry safety standard UL 507–2017,
‘‘Standard for Electric Fans,’’ which
specifies that ceiling fans with tip
speeds higher than the threshold cannot
be installed below ten feet without a
ceiling fan guard. Given this, and in lieu
of any additional performance data
beyond the initial stakeholder comment
that formed the basis of DOE’s proposal
in the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
agrees with AMCA and ALA that the tip
speed used to differentiate HSSD from
LSSD ceiling fans would provide a more
justifiable and appropriate tip speed to
distinguish belt-driven ceiling fans that
are high speed from those that are low
speed because it aligns with existing
ceiling fan safety standards. In this final
rule, DOE defines the tip-speed
threshold for HSBD ceiling fans
consistent with the thresholds
differentiating HSSD and LSSD ceiling
fans.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
noted that the airflow of HSBD fans was
much higher than other small-diameter
ceiling fans and because of that, the
small-diameter ceiling fan test
procedure (i.e., using sensor arm setup)
could be problematic. 86 FR 69544,
69552. As such, DOE proposed to test
all HSBD fans according to section 3.4
of appendix U, which references AMCA
230–15. DOE requested comment on its
proposed test method. Id. Related, DOE
proposed requiring the use of the CFEI
metric, rather than a cubic feet per
minute (‘‘CFM’’) per Watt (‘‘W’’) metric
(‘‘CFM/W’’), to characterize the energy
efficiency of HSBD ceiling fans. 86 FR
69544, 69553.
15 While there is no tip speed threshold for a
ceiling fan with a blade thickness less than 3.2mm,
at or above 3.2mm, the tip speed thresholds vary
from 2,400 fpm to 3,200 fpm to 4,000 fpm,
depending on direction of airflow and blade
thickness. See HSSD and LSSD ceiling fan
definitions in section 1 of appendix U.
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
AMCA commented that because of the
relatively high airflow of HSBD ceiling
fans, AMCA 230 is the most appropriate
test procedure and therefore supported
using that standard to test HSBD ceiling
fans. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5) AMCA
stated that they did not have estimated
operating speeds and hours for HSBD
ceiling fans, which would be needed for
a CFM/W metric, and supported use of
the CFEI metric for HSBD fans. (AMCA,
No. 43 at pp. 5–6) The Efficiency
Advocates supported the use of CFEI for
all belt-driven ceiling fans, including
high-speed and/or large diameter beltdriven ceiling fans given that the
airflows are more similar to largediameter ceiling fans. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 1–2)
DOE did not receive any comments in
opposition to testing HSBD ceiling fans
using AMCA 230–15 or calculating
efficiency based on CFEI. In this final
rule, DOE is amending appendix U to
specify that HSBD ceiling fans are to be
tested using AMCA 230–15 and have
efficiency calculated based on CFEI.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
proposed to require HSBDs capable of
only single-speed operation to be tested
at only high speed and for HSBDs
capable of variable speed operation to
be tested at high speed and 40-percent
speed. 86 FR 69544, 69553.
AMCA, CA IOUs and the Efficiency
Advocates noted that all ceiling fans are
required to meet the design conditions
prescribed by EPCA, which require
multi-speed operation. (AMCA, No. 43
at p. 7; CA IOUs, No. 46 at pp. 2–3;
Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2–3;
ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
42 at p. 25) The CA IOUs asked that
DOE clarify that all ceiling fans,
including belt-driven ceiling fans,
centrifugal ceiling fan, oscillating
ceiling fans, or ceiling fans whose
blades’ plane of rotation cannot be
within 45 degrees of horizontal, still
need to meet the ceiling fan design
requirements. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 3)
The Efficiency Advocates stated that
one of EPCA’s requirement is that all
ceiling fans manufactured after January
1, 2007, are required to have adjustable
speed controls and that DOE should
clarify how testing of single-speed
BDCFs interacts with the EPCA
requirements. (Efficiency Advocates,
No. 44 at pp. 2–3) These commenters
are correct that all ceiling fans
manufactured on or after January 1,
2007 are required to meet the design
standards specified at 10 CFR
430.32(s)(1), including the requirement
to have adjustable speed controls. As
such, all HSBDs sold on the market
must be capable of variable speed
operation and the proposed provisions
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
pertaining to HSBDs capable of only
single speed operation are superfluous).
Accordingly, in this final rule, DOE is
adopting language requiring HSBDs to
be tested at both high speed and 40
percent speed or the nearest speed that
is not less than 40 percent speed.
DOE notes there are not currently
energy conservation standards that
would be applicable to HSBD ceiling
fans. As such, and as discussed further
in section III.Q of this document, the
coverage of HSBD ceiling fans under the
test procedure does not require that
these fans be subject to such testing.
Were a manufacturer to voluntarily
make representations of the energy
efficiency of such fans, any such
representation would be required to be
based on testing in accordance with the
DOE test procedure and such
representation must fairly disclose the
results of such testing. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(1))
c. Scope of Test Procedure for VSD
Ceiling Fans
Appendix U prescribes a test method
for LSSD and HSSD ceiling fans, but
does not explicitly prescribe a test
method for VSD ceiling fans. The HSSD
ceiling fan definition excludes VSD
ceiling fans. As such, appendix U
provides a method of testing only those
VSD ceiling fans that meet the LSSD
ceiling fan definition. In the September
2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to specify
explicitly that VSD ceiling fans that do
not also meet the definition of LSSD fan
are not required to be tested pursuant to
the DOE test method for purposes of
demonstrating compliance with DOE’s
energy conservation standards for
ceiling fans or representations of
efficiency. 84 FR 51440, 51445. DOE
requested comments on this proposal.
Id.
ALA, Hunter and AMCA supported
DOE’s proposal to exclude VSD ceiling
fans that do not meet the definition of
LSSD. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 1; Hunter, No.
29 at p. 3; ALA, No. 34 at p. 3; AMCA,
No. 33 at p. 8)
For the reasons discussed, in this final
rule, DOE is adopting the more explicit
specification that VSD ceiling fans that
do not meet the definition of LSSD
ceiling fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to appendix U. In other words,
only VSD ceiling fans that meet the
definition of LSSD fan are required to be
tested using appendix U. DOE notes,
however, that all VSD ceiling fans are
still required to meet the design
standards specified in 10 CFR 430.32(s).
The Efficiency Advocates, which
includes ASAP, encouraged DOE to
cover VSD fans that are not LSSD
ceiling fans in the separate fans and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
blowers rulemaking, especially the VSD
fans that have a diameter-to-maximum
operating speed ratio less than 0.06.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 4;
ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
42 at p. 36) ASAP explained that the
physical characteristics of these higherspeed VSD ceiling fans are more similar
to air-circulating fan heads. (ASAP,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p.
36) On October 1, 2021, DOE issued a
request for information (‘‘RFI’’) seeking
comment and information regarding
coverage as part of a separate
rulemaking for fans and blowers.16 86
FR 54412 (‘‘October 2021 RFI’’). The
October 2021 RFI included discussion
of ACFHs, which as discussed in section
III.A.1 of this document, generally have
a ratio of fan blade span to maximum
rotation rate less than 0.06 in/RPM and
therefore are not considered to provide
‘‘circulating air’’ as defined by this final
rule (and therefore do not meet the
definition of ceiling fan). 86 FR 54412,
54414. DOE will consider any further
comments regarding coverage of ACFHs
as part of the fans and blowers
rulemaking.
B. Standards Incorporated by Reference
Appendix U references certain
provisions of the industry test standards
AMCA 208–18 and AMCA 230–15, both
of which are incorporated by reference.
See 10 CFR 430.3(b)(2) and (4).
As discussed in the December 2021
SNOPR, DOE was made aware that
AMCA 230–15 was inconsistent in its
conversion of measurements to standard
air density. 86 FR 69544, 69551.
Whereas calculated thrust is converted
to standard air density (Section 9.3 of
AMCA 230–15), electric input power is
not. Thrust (which is used to determine
airflow in CFM) and electric input
power are inputs to the CFEI metric
described in AMCA 208–18. Therefore,
without the correction, the same fan can
have different values for CFEI
depending on the density of the air
where the fan is being tested.
On May 5, 2021, AMCA made a
correction to address the inconsistency
in the industry standard in the form of
a technical errata sheet for AMCA 230–
15.17 The technical errata sheet details
that the corrections listed in the errata
sheet apply to all copies of AMCA 230–
15. In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, AMCA stated that it supports
the technical errata sheet for AMCA
16 See Docket No. EERE–2021–BT–TP–0021 at
www.regulations.gov.
17 The publication date of the errata sheet is listed
as June 2021. See www.techstreet.com/amca/
standards/amca-230-15?product_
id=1904250#amendments.
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50405
230–15 being treated as a part of AMCA
230–15. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 11)
In this final rule, DOE is updating the
incorporation by reference of AMCA
230–15 to include the 2021 technical
errata sheet. In addition, DOE is
implementing organizational changes
whereby DOE is incorporating the
entirety of AMCA 230–15 at 10 CFR
430.3 and providing a new index within
appendix U to provide the specific
provisions of AMCA 230–15, AMCA
208–18, and IEC 62301–U that apply to
the DOE test procedure. This
amendment is strictly organizational
and has no substantive impact on the
test procedure.
C. Efficiency Metric for Small-Diameter
Ceiling Fans
Ceiling fan efficiency is currently
expressed in terms of CFM/W for smalldiameter ceiling fans (See section 4 of
appendix U) and CFEI for large-diameter
ceiling fans (section 5 of Appendix U).
VES commented that, while they
accept CFM as a unit for the metric,
consumers care about the speed of the
air they encounter, which is more
clearly conveyed by feet per minute
(‘‘FPM’’). (VES, No. 25 at p. 2) DOE
notes that the CFM/W metric is an
industry-accepted efficiency metric for
ceiling fans. DOE is not aware of any
existing test procedures for ceiling fans
for which the ‘‘useful output of
services’’ is measured in FPM rather
than CFM. Accordingly, DOE is not
considering a metric based on FPM in
this final rule.
The Efficiency Advocates, which
includes ASAP, recommended that DOE
consider a metric other than CFM/W for
small-diameter ceiling fans, such as
CFEI, to account for the differences in
airflow. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at
p. 3; ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 42 at p. 17) The Efficiency
Advocates explained that the minimum
DOE efficiency levels for small-diameter
ceiling fans are a function of diameter
only and do not reflect the cubic
relationship between airflow and power.
As such, higher airflow fans generally
have more difficulty meeting CFM/W
standards compared to fans of the same
diameter that provide lower airflow.
The Efficiency Advocates discussed
ENERGY STAR®-certified fans, which
generally use similar motors, but are
certified for a range of CFM/W values at
a given blade span. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at p. 3; ASAP, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 17) The
Efficiency Advocates suggested DOE
investigate the extent to which the large
range in CFM/W rating are a product of
airflow differences rather than use of
technologies aimed at reducing power
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50406
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
consumption. Id. The Efficiency
Advocates stated that differences in
airflow were problematic for LDCFs,
which led to the establishment of the
CFEI metric, and commented that an
alternative metric like CFEI would
provide similar benefits to smalldiameter ceiling fans. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 3–4; ASAP,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p.
18)
ALA commented that the CFEI metric
is not workable for small-diameter
ceiling fans in its current form and
supported the continued use of the
CFM/W metric for small-diameter
ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 1)
DOE notes that the CFEI metric uses
airflow constants, pressure constants,
and fan efficiency constants, that were
developed specifically for largediameter ceiling fans and may not hold
for small-diameter ceiling fans.18 No
similar constants exist for smalldiameter ceiling fans. In the technical
support document supporting the
February 2022 energy conservation
standards preliminary analysis,19 DOE
highlighted several additional reasons
regarding why a CFEI metric would
potentially not have the same
advantages for small-diameter ceiling
fans as it does for large-diameter ceiling
fans. Specifically, DOE noted that the
CFM/W metric originated in the
ENERGY STAR® program in 2002.20 As
such, changing to a CFEI metric for
small-diameter ceiling fans could lead
to confusion in the industry. Largediameter ceiling fans were never
included in the ENERGY STAR®
program and as such did not have the
consumer association with the CFM/W
metric. Further, DOE noted that the
reduced speed controls of smalldiameter ceiling fans made smalldiameter ceiling fans less susceptible to
gaming operating speeds to improve
efficiency. Lastly, DOE noted that the
reduced variability in maximum flow
made it more likely that improvements
in efficiency for small-diameter ceiling
fans would be reflected in either a CFEI
and CFM/W metric.
18 Air Movement and Control Associate (AMCA),
Introducing Ceiling Fan Energy Index (CFEI) and
Changes to the U.S. Regulation for Large-Diameter
Ceiling Fans [White Paper], 2021. Available at:
www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/assets/
uploads/Introducing_Ceiling_Fan_Energy_Index_
2.pdf.
19 Available at Docket No. EERE–2021–BT–STD–
0011–0015.
20 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
ENERGY STAR® Testing Facility Guidance Manual:
Building a Testing Facility and Performing the
Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR
Qualified Ceiling Fans: Version 1.1. 2002.
www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/manuf_res/
downloads/ceiltestfinal.pdf.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
Regarding the Efficiency Advocates’
observation that there are products
certified in the ENERGY STAR®
database with similar diameters and
large CFM/W ranges, DOE notes that the
ENERGY STAR® efficiency levels align
with the max-tech efficiency levels from
the energy conservation standards final
rule published on January 19, 2017.21 82
FR 6826. In establishing those max-tech
efficiency levels, DOE did not consider
blade shape, as blade shape is a driver
of consumer aesthetics. Further, the
CFM/W metric incorporates standby
power. Id. at 82 FR 6838 Therefore,
there is expected to be a range of
certified CFM/W values for smalldiameter ceiling fans, even if all ceiling
fans used the same motor, because
manufacturers use different blade
shapes and incorporate different
features that consume power in standby
mode. For these reasons, DOE is
uncertain that an alternative metric
would add value to consumers of smalldiameter ceiling fans. As such, DOE has
maintained use of the CFM/W metric for
small-diameter ceiling fans and the CFEI
metric for large-diameter ceiling fans in
this final rule.
D. Standby Power Test Procedure for
Large-Diameter and High-Speed BeltDriven Ceiling Fans
As discussed, EPCA requires that
amended test procedures and energy
conservation standards incorporate
standby mode and off mode energy
use.22 (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2) and (3))
Amended test procedures must integrate
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other
energy descriptor, unless the current
test procedures for a covered product
already incorporate standby mode and
off mode energy consumption, or such
an integrated test procedure is
technically infeasible, in which case the
Secretary shall prescribe a separate
standby mode and off mode energy use
test procedure for the covered product,
21 Discussion of how ENERGY STAR Version 4.0
was developed, which references DOE January 2017
Final Rule, is available at: www.energystar.gov/
products/spec/ceiling_fans_specification_version_
4_0_pd.
22 EPCA defines ‘‘standby mode’’ as the condition
in which an energy-using product is connected to
a main power source, and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective functions: (1)
the ability to facilitate the activation or deactivation
of other functions (including active mode) by
remote switch (including remote control), internal
sensor, or timer; and (2) continuous functions,
including information or status displays (including
clocks), or sensor-based functions. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(1)(A)(iii)) ‘‘Off mode’’ is the condition in
which the ceiling fan is connected to a main power
source and is not providing any standby or active
mode function. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(ii))
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A))
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
tentatively determined that it would be
technically infeasible to integrate
standby power with the statutory CFEI
requirements, such that the integrated
metric would be representative of an
average period of use as required by
EPCA. 86 FR 69544, 69553. DOE noted
that the Energy Act of 2020 established
two CFEI requirements (i.e., high-speed
requirement and 40-percent
requirement), and each of these required
metrics does not fully account for active
mode energy use or efficiency.
Therefore, neither metric would be
appropriately representative if
integrated with standby mode operation
because the resulting metric would
capture a portion of active mode energy
and the total standby energy use, and
such an integrated metric would not be
representative of an average period of
use. Id.
Considering the tentative
determination that integrating standby
power into the CFEI metric was
technically infeasible, DOE proposed a
separate metric for standby mode energy
use. 86 FR 69544, 69553. Specifically,
DOE proposed that the test method for
power consumption in standby mode
already established in section 3.6 of
appendix U remain applicable to
LDCFs. 86 FR 69544, 69554. DOE
further proposed that while the standby
power test method would remain
applicable, manufacturers would not be
required to test to that provision until
such time as compliance is required
with an energy conservation standard
for standby mode. Id.
DOE also stated that if a CFEI metric
were adopted for HSBD ceiling fans, as
DOE has done in this final rule, a
separate standby mode energy use
metric would need to be established for
HSBDs as well. Id. DOE proposed to
measure HSBD standby power
according to section 3.6 of appendix U,
consistent with other types of ceiling
fans. Id.
AMCA commented that it agrees that
it is technically infeasible to incorporate
standby power into the CFEI metric.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 6; AMCA, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at pp. 9, 29)
AMCA stated that they will work with
other stakeholders to develop one or
more approaches that would be easier to
measure, report and comply with and
explained that they are striving to tie the
standby power requirement to CFEI
levels, essentially giving credit to the
higher efficiency fans where their use of
standby power in many cases is directly
related to delivering greater overall
operating efficiency and where an
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
incorrectly designed standby power
requirement might as a disincentive to
improving products’ operating
efficiency. (AMCA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at pp. 9–10) AMCA
commented that higher standby power
is typically associated with smart
technologies that reduce operating
power consumption, operating hours, or
differing drive systems that improve
operating performance or reduce energy
consumption. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 6–
7) AMCA added that too strict of a
maximum standby power limit would
hinder implementation of innovative
‘‘smart’’ technologies that could
increase overall operating energy
efficiency in exchange for using
modestly higher levels of standby
power. AMCA proposed that a standbypower allowance be tied to CFEI levels
rated at full speed, such that the higher
the CFEI rating, the greater the
allowance for standby power. Based on
the example table provided by AMCA,
an LDCF ceiling fan with CFEI rating of
1.00 would have a standby power
allowance of 15 W; each 0.02 CFEI
increment above 1.00 would be allowed
1 additional W of standby power (such
that a CFEI rating of 1.20 would
correspond with a standby power
allowance of 25 W, for example).
(AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 6–9) ALA urged
DOE to use caution when considering a
standby power metric for LDCFs. (ALA,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p.
7)
Regarding HSBDs, AMCA
recommended a separate standby power
requirement, but stated that data for
these products is limited. (AMCA, No.
43 at p. 10; AMCA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 10) AMCA also
commented that adequate time will be
needed before the effective date of a
maximum standby power consumption,
so that the most cost-effective and
robust solutions can be developed.
(AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
42 at p. 10)
The CA IOUs and Efficiency
Advocates commented that they support
DOE’s proposal to add a separate
standby metric for LDCFs. (CA IOUs,
No. 46 at p. 1; Efficiency Advocates, No.
44 at p. 2)
DOE did not receive any comment
recommending an alternative test
procedure for standby power for LDCFs
or HSBDs. For the reasons discussed,
DOE is maintaining that standby power
for LDCFs be measured according to
section 3.6 of appendix U and also
requiring standby power for HSBDs to
be measured according to section 3.6 of
appendix U. Manufacturers of LDCFs
and HSBDs are not required to test to
that provision until such time as
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
compliance is required with an energy
conservation standard for standby
mode, as specified in the amended Note
at the beginning of appendix U. Were a
manufacturer to voluntarily make
representations of standby power of
such fans, any such representation
would be required to be based on testing
in accordance with the DOE test
procedure and such representation must
fairly disclose the results of such
testing. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(1))
Regarding AMCA’s comments
suggesting standby power levels be
associated with CFEI levels, energy
conservation standards have not been
established for standby power for LDCFs
and HSBD ceiling fans. DOE will
consider AMCA’s comments and
recommendations in its evaluation of
amended energy conservation standards
rulemaking, available at docket number
EERE–2021–BT–STD–0011.
E. Specifications for Ceiling Fans With
Accessories
Sections 3.3.1 and 3.5.1 of appendix
U require that a ceiling fan’s heater and
light kit be installed, but not energized
during the power consumption
measurement. In the December 2021
SNOPR, DOE proposed to expand this
language to apply more broadly to any
additional accessories or features that
do not relate to the ceiling fan’s ability
to create airflow by the rotation of the
fan blades. 86 FR 69544, 69557. DOE
noted that these provisions are in place
to include any impact these accessories
might have on airflow, but prevent any
reduction of the measured airflow
efficiency that would result from
including power consumption that does
not relate to the ceiling fan’s ability to
circulate air. Id. DOE added that this
proposal would be a clarification,
consistent with how manufacturers are
currently testing additional accessories
and requested comment on its proposal.
Id.
The Efficiency Advocates
recommended DOE require testing
ceiling fan accessories and non-airflow
related features in their ‘‘as-shipped’’
configuration to ensure that these
features only use power when turned on
by the user. The Efficiency Advocates
explained that while they understand
the intention of the proposal to include
ceiling fan energy consumption only as
it relates to air circulation, they are
concerned that it could obscure the
potentially significant energy
consumption of these accessories.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 5)
The Efficiency Advocates recommended
that DOE consider exploring methods
for provisions to take into account the
energy-saving potential of accessory
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50407
smart technologies, such as occupancy
sensors, that reduce operating hours and
saved energy overall. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 4–5)
AMCA and ALA both supported
testing products with additional features
powered off. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 9;
ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) Regarding
installation of accessories during testing
of standby power, AMCA commented
that there is no definition of minimum
testable configuration, which
complicates testing given the evolving
options for controllers, occupancy
sensors, line conditioners, etc. (AMCA,
No. 43 at p. 8) AMCA added that largediameter ceiling fans can be sold with
multiple fans tied to a single controller
and that these controllers would use
more standby power than a controller
designed for a single fan. (AMCA No. 43
at p. 8) AMCA proposed that DOE test
with only standard accessories. (AMCA,
No. 43 at p. 8) AMCA stated that
optional product features should not be
energized because they facilitate energy
savings that are orders of magnitude
greater than the associated standby
losses. AMCA specifically commented
that advanced human-machine
interfaces, transmitters/transducers for
wireless communication, connection to
external automation systems, HVAC
control circuitry, and occupancy sensors
should be excluded from the standby
power measurement. (AMCA, No. 43 at
pp. 9) AMCA also stated that optional
devices that serve tertiary functions
beyond air circulation also should be
powered off including light kits, heaters,
and germicidal devices. (AMCA, No. 43
at p. 10)
DOE notes that ceiling fans typically
have to be wired by the user or an
installer and as such are shipped in a
configuration intended to provide user
friendly and safe installs. Ceiling fans
and their accessories, like light kits and
heaters, are typically turned on and off
repeatedly in their lifetime and
consumers are familiar with the process
of turning them and their accessories on
and off, regardless of how it is shipped.
Given the installation and consumer use
of ceiling fans, it is unlikely that
accessories would remain in the onposition unless intended by the
consumer. As such, requiring testing in
their ‘‘as-shipped’’ configuration would
not provide a more representative
measure of energy use of the ceiling fan.
In this final rule, DOE is adopting its
proposed clarification that additional
features (not just heaters and light kits)
are either powered off or set at the
lowest energy-consuming mode during
testing.
Section 3.6 of appendix U provides
that when testing standby power, the
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50408
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
ceiling fan must remain connected to
the main power supply and be in the
same configuration as in active mode.
As such, the clarification that additional
accessories are to be installed, but
powered off would apply to the standby
power measurement as well. As DOE
noted, the intention of this provision is
to capture the impact that these
additional accessories have on airflow,
while preventing any reduction in
efficiency associated with power
consumption that does not relate to a
ceiling fan’s ability to circulate air. The
additional accessories cited by AMCA
associated with the ceiling fan
controller do not impact the airflow of
a ceiling fan and as such are intended
to be either powered off or set to the
lowest energy-consuming mode for
testing. To the extent that additional
accessories are a part of an upgraded
controller that is not part of the default
ceiling fan model, those are to be left
uninstalled as they are separate add-on
purchases by a consumer. This is
consistent with how large-diameter
ceiling fan standby power was
considered in the January 2017 Final
Rule (which cites 7 W of power as the
average standby power for largediameter ceiling fans, consistent with
the average power measurement for
default controllers, not the standby
power of an upgraded controller) and is
consistent with manufacturer published
literature for large-diameter ceiling fan
standby power consumption. 82 FR
6826, 6847.
To avoid confusion as to which
controller is used for testing, in the case
where multiple advanced controllers are
offered, DOE is adding an additional
clarification to its specifications for
ceiling fan accessories. Specifically,
DOE is clarifying that if the ceiling fan
is offered with a default controller, test
using the default controller. If multiple
controllers are offered, test using the
minimally functional controller. Testing
using the minimally functional
controller is consistent with the
direction to test with accessories not
energized during the power
consumption measurement. Controller
functions other than the minimal
functions (i.e., the functions necessary
to operate the ceiling fan blades) are
akin to accessories that do not relate to
the ceiling fan’s ability to create airflow
by the rotation of the fan blades. This
addition clarifies the existing test
procedure and does not impact the test
burden or measured standby power
values.
Regarding ‘‘smart’’ technologies,
DOE’s existing test procedure for smalldiameter ceiling fans incorporates
estimated operating hours of a ceiling
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
fan and uses those operating hours to
derive a representative CFM/W metric
by including low-speed operation, highspeed operation, and standby hours.
While additional sensors may influence
operating hours, DOE does not have any
data indicating the degree to which
these technologies would impact
operating hours and no data has been
provided to indicate that the current test
procedure is not representative of
ceiling fans with ‘‘smart’’ technologies.
To the extent that smart features are
able to be turned off, DOE notes that the
adopted language clarifies that any
additional feature not related to airflow
is to be turned off or set to set at the
lowest energy-consuming mode.
Therefore, smart technologies that can
be disabled would not impact the
efficiency as measured by DOE’s test
procedure.
F. Ceiling Fan Test Voltage
Sections 3.3.1(5) and 3.4.3 of
appendix U provide direction for
determining the supply voltage when
testing a LSSD and HSSD ceiling fan,
and LDCFs, respectively, based on the
rated voltage of the fan. Further,
sections 3.3.1(6) and 3.4.4 of appendix
U provide direction for determining the
supply voltage phase (either single- or
multi-phase) when testing a LSSD and
HSSD ceiling fan, and large-diameter
ceiling fan, respectively, based on the
rated supply power of the fan.
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, AMCA commented that the
current language regarding voltage and
phase requirements is ambiguous in
certain cases, and provided an example
for a ceiling fan that can operate in
single phase or three phase and is rated
for operation at 100–300V. AMCA
asserted that the current provisions
could be interpreted to require testing
with 120 V, three-phase power in the
example provided, which would not
seem appropriate because 120V, threephase power does not exist in the
United States. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 13–
14)
AMCA’s comments demonstrate that
the language as written could be
misinterpreted by test laboratories. As
noted by AMCA, 120V is generally
associated only with single-phase power
in the United States. As such, in
following the supply voltage and supply
phase provisions of the test procedure,
the rated supply voltage and rated
supply phase should be considered
together, not independently.
Accordingly, for a ceiling fan that must
be tested with multi-phase power, the
ceiling fan’s minimum rated voltage
would be considered the minimum
rated voltage for use with multi-phase
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
power, not the minimum rated voltage
for use with single-phase power. Any
contrary interpretation would result in a
combination of phase and voltage that is
not representative of an average use
cycle.
To prevent such misinterpretation,
DOE is reordering the test procedure to
present the power supply phase
requirements prior to the power supply
voltage requirements (renumbered as
sections 3.3.1(5) and 3.4.2 in this final
rule), which provides a more logical
indication that the supply phase must
be considered before the supply voltage.
Further, DOE is adding clarification to
the supply voltage provisions to
explicitly state how supply voltage is
considered for single-phase and multiphase electricity (renumbered as
sections 3.3.1(6) and 3.4.3 in this final
rule). DOE is also explicitly stating that
the test power supply should be at a
frequency of 60 Hz. DOE notes that
these changes are consistent with the
current testing requirements and are
only intended to provide further clarity
to the original requirements. DOE does
not expect any ceiling fans to have to be
re-tested because of this clarification
given that it aligns with the common
industry method for rating power
supply to a ceiling fan (i.e., including a
rated supply voltage range at each rated
supply phase, not the two
independently).
G. Low Speed Definition
Section 1.12 of appendix U defines
‘‘low speed’’ to mean ‘‘the lowest
available ceiling fan speed, i.e., the fan
speed corresponding to the minimum,
non-zero, blade RPM.’’
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
noted that through round robin testing
and industry inquiry, DOE is aware that
the lowest available fan speed on some
ceiling fans provides an extremely low
rotation rate, leading to atypically low
airflow. 84 FR 51440, 51446. Because of
the extremely low rotation rate and
atypically low airflow, consumers are
unlikely to use such a setting to
circulate air. Id. at 51447. For such
products, the lowest speed available on
the ceiling fan is not representative of
the lowest speed for that product that
can provide ‘‘circulation of air’’.
Accordingly, DOE stated that it is
considering modifying the definition of
low speed and presented a modified
definition and requested comments on
the definition. Id.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
noted that the low speed as defined for
the purpose of the current DOE test
procedure is not representative of the
low speed required for ‘‘circulation of
air’’. 86 FR 69544, 69554. Further, as
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
observed through round robin testing,
requiring testing at the ‘‘lowest available
speed’’ would be overly burdensome to
test because laboratories have trouble
meeting the stability criteria. Id. at 86
FR 695454–69555. Therefore, having
considered comments, DOE proposed a
definition for low speed as follows: Low
speed means the lowest available ceiling
fan speed for which fewer than half or
three, whichever is fewer, sensors per
individual axis are measuring less than
40 feet per minute. Alternatively, DOE
considered representing the same
proposed definition as a table indicating
the number of sensors that must
measure greater than 40 feet per minute.
Id. at 86 FR 69555.
In response to the proposal, ALA
agreed with DOE’s assessment
concerning the measurement of the
lowest fan speed and supported the
proposal to amend the definition for low
speed. ALA stated that the proposed
table is acceptable as well, but
encouraged DOE to merge the table with
the table in section 1.13 of appendix U.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) In the public
meeting, ALA recommended that
similar to the definition in section 1.13
in appendix U, they support a lowspeed definition that has both written
text and a table. (ALA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 33)
Westinghouse commented that charts
are much easier for the labs and nontechnical people to understand.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 32).
Section 1.13 of appendix U
(renumbered as section 1.14 in this final
rule) specifies the definition for lowspeed small-diameter ceiling fan. The
definition DOE proposed to update,
however, is for low speed. ALA did not
clarify further in their written comments
how the proposed table for low speed
should be incorporated into the LSSD
ceiling fan definition. However, based
on their comment in the public meeting,
DOE understands ALA’s written
comments to mean that the low speed
definition should combine both the
proposed text and table.
As suggested by ALA, DOE
considered merging the December 2021
SNOPR proposed definition with the
table. DOE notes that the proposed
definition and the table were different
presentations of the same criteria to
meet the proposed low-speed definition.
The proposed definition was based on
the number of sensors measuring less
than 40 fpm, whereas the table was
based on the number of sensors
measuring at 40 fpm or greater. As
suggested by Westinghouse, DOE agrees
that the table presents the definition in
a manner that is likely to be more
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
clearly understood generally. As such,
in this final rule, DOE is amending the
definition for low speed consistent with
the alternate consideration in the
December 2021 SNOPR, as follows:
Low speed means the lowest available
speed that meets the following criteria:
Number of sensors per
individual axis as
determined in section
3.2.2(6) of this appendix
Number of sensors per
individual axis measuring
40 feet per minute or
greater
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9
Note that in this final rule, low speed
definition is renumbered from section
1.12 to section 1.13 in appendix U.
Furthermore, DOE is including explicit
instructions in the test procedure to
start at the lowest speed and move to
the next highest speed until the low
speed definition (as amended) is met.
This will ensure the identification of the
lowest speed of the fan that meets the
low speed definition. Note that in this
final rule, DOE has included these
explicit instructions in steps 4a through
7 in section 3.3.2 of appendix U.
DOE expects that this amendment
will reduce the total test time per unit
for low speed tests for a subset of LSSD
ceiling fans. As had been defined, low
speed likely required laboratories to run
tests for a long period before achieving
the necessary stability criteria
requirements. The amended test method
could mitigate the occurrence of these
long test runs. DOE estimates that
manufacturers of LSSD ceiling fans that
conduct testing in-house could save
approximately 60 minutes in per-unit
testing time due to the revised low
speed criteria.
DOE does not expect this amendment
to require retesting or to change
measured efficiency for the majority of
LSSD ceiling fans. However, for the
small subset of LSSD ceiling fans for
which the lowest speed is at an
extremely low rotation rate and
provides a low airflow, retesting may be
required if the lowest speed does not
meet the amended definition of low
speed. In the instances under the
amended test method for which testing
at the next highest speed were to be
required, testing at the next highest
speed would likely result in increased
power consumption, but it would also
result in increased airflow. The
resulting ceiling fan efficiency would be
calculated by weighting the airflow and
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50409
power consumption results from the
high speed test (which remains
unchanged) and standby/off-mode with
the low speed test, resulting in a
weighted average CFM/W (Equation 1,
appendix U). Because the measured
efficiency is a ratio of airflow and power
consumption at high speed, low speed
and standby/off-mode, and testing at the
next highest speed would result in an
increase in airflow as well as power
consumption only for low speed (which
has the lowest operating hours, as
presented in Table 3 of appendix U),
DOE expects the amended low speed
definition to have an insignificant effect
on ceiling fan efficiency for the
applicable subset of LSSD ceiling fans.
The cost and cost saving impacts of
this update are discussed in section III.P
of this document.
H. Alternate Stability Criteria for
Average Air Velocity Measurements
Section 3.3.2(1) of appendix U
requires that the average air velocity for
each sensor must vary by less than 5
percent compared to the average air
velocity measured for that same sensor
in a successive set of air velocity
measurements. Stable measurements are
required to be achieved at only high
speed for HSSD ceiling fans, and at both
low and high speed for LSSD ceiling
fans. In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
discussed receiving several inquiries
from manufacturers citing difficulties
with meeting the stability criteria at low
speed for certain basic models of ceiling
fans. 84 FR 51440, 51446. Accordingly,
DOE evaluated available test data to
investigate these difficulties and to
determine whether increased tolerances
for air velocity stability criteria for lowspeed tests could be used to reduce test
burden without materially affecting the
results of the test procedure. Id. DOE
used the test data from ceiling fans
tested at a third-party testing facility to
compare the airflow and efficiency
results of the test procedure with the 5
percent and 10 percent air velocity
stability criteria applied to low speed.
Id. DOE found that increasing the
stability criteria to 10 percent for low
speed would allow more fans to meet
the stability criteria and reduce the
number of successive measurements
needed to do so without materially
changing the efficiency results of the
test procedure. Id. Therefore, in the
September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
to increase the air velocity stability
criteria for testing at low speed from 5
percent to 10 percent. Id.
AMCA generally stated that this
proposal should be able to facilitate
getting viable ratings for the fans in the
labs. They noted that this proposal was
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50410
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
a step in the right direction. (AMCA,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp.
50–52) Hunter, BAF and ALA supported
the proposal. (Hunter, No. 29 at p. 3;
BAF, No. 36 at p. 2); (ALA, No. 34 at
p. 3) BAF stated that it believes the
proposed increase in tolerance will
significantly reduce the time require to
test LSSD ceiling fans. (BAF, No. 36 at
p. 2) The CA IOUs commented that
increasing stability criteria for air
velocity measurements could change the
test results. They suggested performing
an analysis to determine that impact
before changing the criteria. (CA IOUs,
No. 31 at p. 2) The Efficiency Advocates
suggested it is unclear whether the
stability criteria still needs to be
increased in light of the proposed
change in the low-speed definition,
which would make stability issues less
likely. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at
p. 4)
In addition to the evaluation of data
discussed in the September 2019 NOPR,
DOE previously evaluated an increase in
the low-speed stability criteria in
response to a petition for a waiver from
the test procedure. 83 FR 52213
(October 16, 2018). DOE granted BAF a
waiver that specified an increase in lowspeed stability criteria from 5 to 10
percent. Id. at 85 FR 52216. (Case
Number 2017–011.) In the notice of
petition prior to the decision and order,
based on available test data, DOE found
that increasing the stability criteria
would allow the subject fans to meet the
stability criteria and reduce the number
of successive measurements needed to
do so without materially changing the
efficiency results. 83 FR 12726, 12729.
DOE observed similar minimal impacts
in the data evaluated for the September
2019 NOPR as well. 84 FR 51440,
51446. Further, the round robin report
also concluded that there was minimal
impact on efficiency when unstable data
(i.e., data that could not meet the airflow
stability requirements of 5 percent of
successive runs) was removed from the
data set and compared to results from
stable data (i.e., data that met the airflow
stability requirements of 5 percent of
successive runs) only.23 While the
conclusion of the round robin testing is
not specific to increasing stability
criteria from 5 to 10 percent, it supports
that calculating efficiency from unstable
data does not significantly impact
efficiency results. Accordingly, DOE
continues to conclude that increasing
the stability criteria will not materially
impact efficiency results.
23 See pages 13–14 of the round robin report
available here: www.regulations.gov/document/
EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050-0038.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
For these reasons, in this final rule
DOE increases the air velocity stability
criteria for testing at low speed from 5
percent to 10 percent, consistent with
the proposal from the September 2019
NOPR. This amendment is consistent
with the methodology of the alternative
test method granted to BAS in the
waiver decision and order. 83 FR 52213
Note in this final rule, DOE has
included the updated air velocity
stability criteria for testing at low speed
in a new section 3.3.2(a)(1) in appendix
U.
Regarding the comment from the
Efficiency Advocates, DOE notes that
the amended low speed definition
requires only a subset of sensors per
each axis to measure air velocity at 40
feet per minute or greater. Whereas, the
amended stability criteria requires the
average air velocity for all sensors on all
axes to meet the 5 percent stability
criteria. Therefore, even with the
amended low speed definition, a single
sensor not meeting the 5 percent
stability criteria at low speed could still
occur. As such, the amendment of the
low-speed definition does not obviate
the need for the amended stability
criteria.
Finally, this final rule fulfills the
regulatory requirement for DOE to
publish in the Federal Register a notice
of proposed rulemaking and subsequent
final rule to amend its regulations so as
to eliminate any need for the
continuation of such waiver as soon as
practicable. 10 CFR 430.27(l).
I. Sensor Arm Setup
To record air velocity readings,
section 3.3.2 of appendix U prescribes
two setups for taking airflow
measurements along four perpendicular
axes (designated A, B, C, and D): a
single rotating sensor arm or four fixed
sensor arms. If using a single rotating
sensor arm, airflow readings are first
measured on Axis A, followed by
successive measurements on Axes B, C,
and D. If using four fixed sensor arms,
the readings for all four axes are
measured simultaneously. See Steps 4
and 5 of section 3.3.2 of appendix U.
Comparing the single-arm and fourarm setup, DOE noted in the December
2021 SNOPR that while valid results are
generally attained more quickly using
the four-arm setup, the setup is more
expensive because it requires at least 4
times as many sensors. 86 FR 69544,
69556. On the other hand, the singlearm setup is less expensive, but requires
the rotation of the arm every 100
seconds, which disrupts the air, often
increasing the time to achieve stability.
Id.
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
During round robin testing, DOE
personnel noted that laboratories using
the single-arm setup waited
approximately 30 seconds for arm
vibration to dissipate before starting
data collection at the new position.
Accordingly, in the December 2021
SNOPR, to address stability issues in a
single-arm setup, DOE proposed, based
on observations from the round robin
testing, to provide explicit instruction
for setups that require arm rotation to
stabilize the arm and allow 30 seconds
between test runs for any residual
turbulence to dissipate prior to data
collection after each rotation. 86 FR
69544, 69556. Further, as an alternative
to single- and four-arm setups, DOE also
proposed to allow laboratories to rely on
test setups with two arms, so that the
system would need to be rotated only
once to collect data for all four axes. Id.
ALA supported this proposal, stating
that it would make testing more
accurate and stable, while also allowing
for the flexibility of a two-arm option.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) DOE did not
receive any other comments regarding
this proposal.
For the reasons discussed, in this final
rule, DOE is adopting the December
2021 SNOPR proposal, which includes
explicit arm stabilization instructions
and allows use a test setup with two
arms. Note that in this final rule, DOE
has included these explicit instructions
in steps 4a through 7 in section 3.3.2 of
appendix U.
J. Air Velocity Sensor Mounting Angle
Section 3.2.2 of appendix U does not
specify the applicable mounting angle of
the sensors on the sensor arm. In the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that
air velocity is most accurately measured
by aligning the velocity sensor
perpendicular to the airflow path, as
this is the orientation for which the
airflow through the openings of the
sensor is smooth and free of turbulence.
86 FR 69544, 69556. DOE discussed that
during recent round robin testing, some
air velocity sensors were not aligned
perpendicular to the path of airflow,
and that a misaligned velocity sensor
could produce inaccurate air velocity
measurements. Id. Accordingly, DOE
proposed to include explicit
instructions in section 3.2.2(6) of
appendix U to align the air velocity
sensors perpendicular to the direction of
airflow. Further, DOE also stated that it
would consider either updating or
adding a figure to depict more clearly
the alignment of the velocity sensors
perpendicular to the direction of
airflow. Id.
ALA supported the proposal to align
the air velocity sensors perpendicular to
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
the direction of airflow and to make
necessary changes to Figure 2 of
appendix U or create a new figure to
clearly depict the proper alignment.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) DOE did not
receive any other comments on this
proposal.
For the reasons discussed, DOE is
adopting the December 2021 SNOPR
proposal that specifies alignment of the
air velocity sensors perpendicular to the
direction of airflow in section 3.2.2(6) of
appendix U. Further, DOE is updating
Figure 2 of appendix U (renumbered as
Figure 3 by this final rule) to depict the
proper alignment of sensors.
K. Instructions To Measure Blade
Thickness
Sections 1.8 in appendix U and
section 1.13 in appendix U (renumbered
as section 1.14 in appendix U)
incorporate a fan blade thickness
threshold of 3.2 mm within the
definitions of HSSD ceiling fan and
LSSD ceiling fan, respectively. Blade
edge thickness is used to distinguish
product classes because it relates to
safety considerations that, in turn, relate
to where a ceiling fan is likely to be
installed. Ceiling fans installed in
commercial and industrial settings are
typically installed in locations with
higher ceilings, and therefore thin
leading edges on the blades do not
present the safety hazard that thin
leading edges would present on ceiling
fans that are installed at lower heights,
i.e., ceiling fans installed in residential
settings.
Appendix U currently does not
provide instruction for how to measure
fan blade thickness. In the September
2019 NOPR, DOE proposed that blade
edge thickness for small diameter fans
be measured at the leading edge of the
fan blade (i.e., the edge in the forward
direction) with an instrument having a
measurement resolution of at least a
tenth of an inch. 84 FR 51440, 51450.
DOE also proposed the following
instructions for measuring blade edge
thickness to ensure test procedure
reproducibility, given potential
variations in blade characteristics: (1)
Measure at the point at which the blade
is thinnest along the radial length of the
fan blade and is greater than or equal to
one inch from the tip of the fan blade,
and (2) Measure one inch from the
leading edge of the fan blade. Id.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR, ALA expressed support for
measuring blade thickness one inch
from the tip of the fan blade. (ALA, No.
34 at p. 4) Westinghouse also noted
their support for this proposal.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at p. 77)
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
Following publication of the
September 2019 NOPR, DOE
subsequently became aware of a ‘‘rollededge’’ blade design on a residential
ceiling fan for which the thickness of
the body of the blade is less than 3.2
mm, but that has a curled shape along
the leading edge, with the curl having
an outer thickness greater than 3.2 mm.
For such a rolled-edge blade, the blade
thickness measurement procedure
proposed in the September 2019 NOPR
(i.e., one inch from the leading edge)
would indicate a ‘‘thin blade’’ despite
the thicker leading edge, resulting in the
fan being classified as an HSSD, which
as discussed are generally nonresidential fans. Conversely, measuring
the thickness at the rolled edge (i.e., less
than one inch from the leading edge)
would result in the fan being classified
as an LSSD, which are generally fans
installed in residential settings and
would be the more appropriate
designation for the model under
consideration.
In order to measure blade thickness
for ‘‘rolled-edge,’’ flat, tapered, and
other ceiling fan blade types in a
manner that would consistently classify
ceiling fans with these blade types into
the appropriate product class, DOE
proposed in the December 2021 SNOPR
to update the proposal for measuring
blade thickness as follows: (1) locate the
cross-section perpendicular to the fan
blade’s radial length, that is at least one
inch from the tip of the fan blade and
for which the blade is thinnest, and (2)
measure the thickest point of that crosssection within one inch from the
leading edge of the fan blade. 86 FR
69544, 69556–69557. DOE expected that
this proposal would result in ceiling
fans with ‘‘rolled-edge’’ blade designs
being assigned to the appropriate
product class, while having minimal
effect on the blade thickness
measurement of other blade types
relative to the proposal in the
September 2019 NOPR. 86 FR 69544,
69557.
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR proposal, ALA expressed
support for the modified proposal, but
noted that they do not think the update
will have much of an impact on the
classification of current product models.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the
December 2021 SNOPR, in this final
rule DOE adds instructions to appendix
U to measure the blade thickness
consistent with the proposal set forth in
the December 2021 SNOPR.
L. Instrument Measurement Resolution
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed amendments to appendix U to
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50411
specify minimum instrument resolution
for measuring blade span, blade edge
thickness, and the distance between the
ceiling and the lowest point of the fan
blade. The proposed instrument
resolutions were at least 0.25 inches, at
least one tenth of an inch, and at least
0.25 inches, respectively. 84 FR 51440,
51450. Further, DOE proposed that to
determine the blade span, measure the
lateral distance at the resolution of the
measurement instrument, using an
instrument with a measurement
resolution of least 0.25 inches, and then
multiply this distance by two. Id.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR, Hunter agreed with DOE’s
proposal for measuring blade span as
well as the proposed tolerance for
measuring ceiling to blade distance.
(Hunter No. 29 at pp. 4–5) ALA also
agreed with DOE’s proposed distance
from the blade to the ceiling, and
recommended that DOE require ceiling
fans to be leveled prior to testing. (ALA,
No. 34 at p. 4)
DOE notes that section 3.2.2 of
appendix U requires the ceiling fan to
be installed according to the
manufacturer’s installation instructions.
DOE understands that ceiling fan
installation manuals commonly include
instructions for leveling or balancing the
ceiling fan.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
updated the proposal for blade edge
thickness to require a measurement
resolution of at least 0.001 in., based on
comments received in response to the
September 2019 NOPR and the
understanding that most, if not all, test
laboratories use calipers to measure
blade edge thickness. 86 FR 69544,
69557–69558.
For the reasons discussed, in this final
rule, DOE is adopting the September
2019 NOPR proposals regarding the
instrument resolution for measuring
blade span and the distance between the
ceiling and the lowest point of the fan
blade in this final rule. Further, for the
reasons discussed in the prior
paragraphs and the December 2021
SNOPR, DOE is adopting the December
2021 SNOPR proposal regarding the
instrument resolution for blade edge
thickness.
M. Certification, Represented Value,
and Rounding Requirements
The procedures required for
determination, certification, and
enforcement of compliance of covered
products with the applicable
conservation standards are set forth in
10 CFR part 429.
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to amend certain certification
requirements for ceiling fans to include
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50412
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
product-specific information that would
be required to certify compliance with
the amended energy conservation
standards established in January 2017
Final Rule. 84 FR 51440, 51450.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR, ALA commented that the
certification template should be updated
such that manufacturers can continue to
submit data to a single location, DOE’s
Compliance Certification Management
System. (ALA, No. 34 at p. 4) Hunter
agreed that certification reports should
include product-specific information for
the public, and stated that proper
tolerances must to considered due to
instrument resolution and production
line tolerances. (Hunter, No. 29 at p. 4)
Westinghouse Lighting appreciated that
DOE proposed to clarify specific
methods of measurement.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at p. 75) BAF agreed
with the proposals for certification
requirements, and requested that air
flow and power at high speed for largediameter ceiling fans be added to DOE’s
certification database for public
(preferred) or private access. (BAF,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p.
75–76; BAF, No. 36 at p. 2) AMCA
commented that certification reports for
LDCFs also include airflow and power
at high speed as these are the most
commonly used by manufacturers in
marketing and the performance data
requested by consumers. (AMCA, No. 33
at p. 9)
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, the Efficiency Advocates
expressed support for DOE’s proposal to
require certification reports to include
all relevant information required to
certify that products meet standards.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2)
The Efficiency Advocates encouraged
DOE to also publish additional
information publicly such as airflow
(CFM) and tip speed (ft/min) to assist
stakeholders and consumers in
understanding the relative energy
efficiency of ceiling fans across a broad
range of product characteristics.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2)
Since the September 2019 NOPR,
DOE has finalized amended certification
provisions for various covered product
and equipment, including ceiling fans,
in a separate final rule published on
July 22, 2022 (‘‘July 2022 Certification
Final Rule’’).24 87 FR 43952, 43964–
43966. Further, since the September
2019 NOPR, DOE also notes that the
May 2021 Technical Amendment
finalized technical amendments
corresponding with provisions enacted
by Congress through the Energy Act of
24 Rulemaking
VerDate Sep<11>2014
docket EERE–2012–BT–STD–0045.
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
2020 which now requires large-diameter
ceiling fans to meet specified minimum
efficiency requirements based on CFEI,
which is different than what was
originally considered in the September
2019 NOPR. 86 FR 28469, 28469–28470.
The CFEI metric has since been
included as part of the July 2022
Certification Final Rule. 87 FR 43952,
43965. As such, DOE is not considering
the September 2019 NOPR amended
certification proposals in this final rule.
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
also proposed amendments to 10 CFR
429.32 to specify that represented
values required are to be determined
consistent with the test procedures in
appendix U and to specify rounding
requirements for represented values. 84
FR 51440, 51450. DOE proposed the
following: Any represented value of
blade span shall be the mean of the
blade spans measured for the sample
selected as described in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(1), rounded to the nearest
inch; any represented value of blade
RPM shall be the mean of the blade
RPMs measured for the sample selected
as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest RPM; any
represented value of blade edge
thickness shall be the mean of the blade
edge thicknesses measured for the
sample selected as described in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(1), rounded to the nearest
tenth of an inch; and any represented
value of the distance between the
ceiling and the lowest point on the fan
blades shall be the mean of the
distances measured for the sample
selected as described in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(1), rounded to the nearest
quarter of an inch. Id. Blade span, blade
edge thickness, the distance between the
ceiling and the lowest point on the fan
blades are used to determine the
product class to which a basic model
belongs. Further, DOE proposed that
any represented value of tip speed is
calculated as pi multiplied by the
represented value of blade span divided
by twelve, multiplied by the represented
value of RPM, and rounded to the
nearest foot per minute. 84 FR 51440,
51459.
DOE also proposed updates to the
product class definitions included in
appendix U to reference the proposed
represented value provisions to specify
that the product class for each basic
model is determined using the
represented values of blade span, blade
RPM, blade edge thickness, the distance
between the ceiling and the lowest point
on the fan blades and tip speed. 84 FR
51440, 51450.
In response to comments received in
response to the September 2019 NOPR,
in the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
further proposed to replace the bladeedge thickness rounding proposal from
nearest tenth of an inch to the nearest
0.01 inch. 86 FR 69544, 69557. Further,
in the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE
noted that airflow (CFM) at high speed
is also product-specific information
required to determine product category,
and that neither 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(i)
nor appendix U provides any rounding
requirements for airflow at high speed
as it relates to determining whether a
ceiling fan is a highly-decorative ceiling
fan. Accordingly, DOE proposed to
specify that any represented value of
airflow (CFM) at high speed, including
the value used to determine whether a
ceiling fan is a highly-decorative ceiling
fan, is determined pursuant to 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(i) and rounded to the
nearest CFM. Id. Finally, in the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that
the product class definitions proposed
in the September 2019 NOPR referenced
the incorrect regulatory text sections for
the represented values proposed in 10
CFR 429.32. Accordingly, DOE
proposed corrective updates. 86 FR
69544, 69558.
In the public meeting following the
September 2019 NOPR, Westinghouse
expressed a generalized concern that
previously-compliant ceiling fans may
become non-compliant under the
representations and rounding
requirements depending on how a
manufacturer had been rounding.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 84–86) In
response to the September 2019 NOPR,
Hunter agreed with the blade span
rounding and with the proposed
tolerances for ceiling to blade distance.
(Hunter No. 29 at p. 4) ALA
recommended that DOE always use the
standard rounding method, meaning all
numbers are rounded to the nearest
whole number or whatever decimal
place is required. ALA stated that
defining a set rounding process would
hopefully eliminate inconsistencies
with the required measurements. (ALA,
No. 34 at p. 4)
In response to the December 2021
SNOPR, ALA supported the airflow at
high speed rounding proposal, and
encouraged DOE to harmonize the test
report data with data required for the
EnergyGuide label and to require
rounding to no more than two digits.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) AMCA supported
DOE’s proposed requirements for
representations of airflow at high speed
as well as the rounding specifically for
large-diameter and LDBD ceiling fans.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 10)
DOE appreciates the concern set forth
by Westinghouse. The represented value
and rounding requirements adopted in
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
this final rule are consistent with
current industry and laboratory practice.
In addition, comments received in
response to the September 2019 NOPR
and December 2021 SNOPR indicate
that industry is generally in agreement
with the proposed updates. Therefore,
DOE does not expect the represented
value and rounding requirements
adopted in this final rule to impact
represented values.
With regards to airflow rounding,
DOE notes that the proposed
amendments were consistent with the
FTC EnergyGuide label and the DOE
guidance document to determine the
measurements needed for the FTC
label.25 The key components of the
guidance document are codified in this
final rule, as discussed in section III.O
of this final rule.
50413
Accordingly, in this final rule, DOE is
establishing the represented value and
rounding requirements proposed in the
September 2019 NOPR and December
2021 SNOPR, as presented in Table III.1
of this document. Further, DOE is
updating the definitions in section 1 of
appendix U to reference the updated
represented values.
TABLE III.1—REPRESENTED VALUE AND ROUNDING
Represented value
Represented value and rounding requirement
Blade span ......................................
Is the mean of the blade spans measured for the sample selected as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest inch.
Is the mean of the blade RPMs measured for the sample selected as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest RPM.
Is the mean of the blade edge thickness measured for the sample selected as described in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(1), rounded to the 0.01 inch.
Is the mean of the distances measured for the sample selected as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest quarter of an inch.
Blade RPM ......................................
Blade edge thickness ......................
Distance between the ceiling and
the lowest point on the fan
blades.
Tip speed ........................................
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Airflow (CFM) at high speed ...........
Shall be pi multiplied by represented value of blade span divided by twelve multiplied by the represented
value of blade RPM, rounded to the nearest foot per minute.
Is determined pursuant to 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(i) and rounded to the nearest CFM.
Hunter commented that the method
for the ‘‘determination of represented
value’’ as defined in 10 CFR 429.32
presents an inherent problem when
calculating the represented value using
the lower 90 percent confidence limit
outlined in § 429.32. In their comment
submission, Hunter provided an
example on situations where the
represented CFM, because of the LCL
calculation in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(i)(B),
resulted in an unrealistic CFM, in some
cases, the calculated CFM was negative.
Accordingly, they urged DOE to
consider alternate solutions to this
which does not create undue burden on
manufacturers. (Hunter, No. 29 at p. 6;
Hunter, Public Meeting Transcript, No.
28 at p. 100–102)
The statistical calculations that
resulted in the negative CFM values for
the example cited by Hunter were
largely the result of significant deviation
in the low-speed airflow measurement
between tested units. As noted
previously, in response to round robin
testing, DOE is adopting several
provisions designed to improve the
repeatability of the small-diameter
ceiling fan airflow measurements,
particularly at low-speeds. Specifically,
DOE is adopting an alternative
definition for low speed and alternative
stability criteria for average air velocity
measurements at low speed; including
explicit sensor arm stabilization
instructions; allowing the use of a test
setup with two arms; and specifying
mounting alignment of air velocity
sensors. Taken together, these
amendments will improve the
repeatability of the DOE test procedure,
ensuring the rated airflow is closer to
the true mean airflow of the population
without additional test burden.
DOE further notes that despite these
provisions, it is still possible one tested
sample is an outlier unit that does not
represent the basic model airflow well.
In this case, the statistical equations in
10 CFR 429.32 may impact the rated
airflow of the product. However, DOE
notes that 10 CFR 429.11(b) states that
the ‘‘minimum number of units tested
shall be no less than two’’ and therefore
more than two units can be used to
reduce the statistical variance of the
measured airflow.
25 DOE guidance document available at
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_
standards/pdfs/ftc_label_calc_method_2016-1021.pdf.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
N. Product-Specific Enforcement
Provisions
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to add provisions to 10 CFR
429.134 for verification of the
represented values in 10 CFR 429.134,
to be used in the context of enforcement
of the relevant efficiency standards. 84
FR 51440, 51451. The following
paragraphs describe the proposed DOE
verification provisions for each
parameter.
DOE proposed that the represented
blade span would be valid if the
rounded measurement(s) (either the
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
measured value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the
nearest inch) are the same as the
represented blade span. Id. This
effectively would provide a range of
approximately 1 inch that would require
the same minimum ceiling fan
efficiency. DOE proposed that if the
represented blade span is found to be
valid, that blade span would be used as
the basis for calculating minimum
allowable ceiling fan efficiency. Id. If
the represented blade span were found
to be invalid, the rounded measured
blade span would serve as the basis for
calculating the minimum allowable
ceiling fan efficiency. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented
blade RPM at high speed would be valid
if the measurement(s) (either the
measured value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the
nearest RPM) are within the greater of
1% or 1 RPM of the represented blade
RPM at high speed. Id. DOE proposed
that, if the represented RPM were found
to be valid, that RPM would be used as
the basis for determining the product
class. Id. If the certified RPM were
found to be invalid, the measured RPM
would serve as the basis for determining
the product class. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented
blade edge thickness would be valid if
the measurement(s) (either the
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50414
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
measured value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the
nearest tenth of an inch) are the same as
the represented blade edge thickness. Id.
DOE proposed that, if the represented
blade edge thickness were found to be
valid, that blade edge thickness would
be used as the basis for determining the
product class. If the represented blade
edge thickness were found to be invalid,
the rounded measured blade edge
thickness would serve as the basis for
determining the product class. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented
distance between the lowest point of the
fan blades and the ceiling for each LSSD
would be valid if the measurement(s)
(either the measured value for a single
unit, or the mean of the measured
values for a multiple unit sample,
rounded to the nearest quarter inch)
were the same as the represented
distance. Id. Furthermore, DOE
proposed that, if the represented
distance were found to be valid, that
distance would be used as the basis for
determining the product class. Id. If the
represented distance were found to be
invalid, the rounded measured distance
would serve as the basis for determining
the product class. Id.
In response to comments received
from the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
further proposed to increase the
tolerance for blade RPM measurements
at high speed from ±1 percent to ±2
percent to account for voltage variation
and equipment resolution. 86 FR 69544,
69558.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR proposal on blade RPM tolerance,
Westinghouse encouraged DOE to
clarify that the RPM tolerance is only for
large-diameter ceiling fans.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 89–90) In
response to the December 2021 SNOPR
proposal, ALA supported the blade RPM
tolerance proposal, and requested that
DOE clarify that the blade RPM proposal
only applied to large-diameter ceiling
fans. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) AMCA also
supported DOE’s proposed requirements
for tolerance requirements for
measuring blade RPM for large-diameter
ceiling fans and LDBD ceiling fans.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 10)
DOE discussed both in the September
2019 NOPR and December 2021 SNOPR
that the proposed blade RPM tolerance
for product-specific enforcement
purposes extends to high speed for all
ceiling fans. 84 FR 51440, 51451; 86 FR
69544, 69558. Blade RPM at high speed
is used to determine whether a ceiling
fan may be a highly-decorative ceiling
fan (section 1.9 of appendix U,
renumbered as section 1.10 of appendix
U in this final rule) and is used to
calculate tip speed (see section III.M).
The proposed tolerance was applicable
to product-specific enforcement
purposes only, and was not applicable
to the large-diameter ceiling fan active
mode RPM test requirements specified
in section 3.5(2) of appendix U. Both the
September 2019 NOPR and December
2021 SNOPR did not propose any
changes regarding RPM tolerance as it
relates to active mode testing for largediameter ceiling fans.
In the public meeting following the
September 2019 NOPR, Hunter
commented that the effect of gravity can
result in different blade-to-ceiling
measurements depending on where
along the ceiling fan blade the
measurement is taken, and that DOE
needs to consider this effect. (Hunter,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p.
71) In comments submitted in response
to the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter
stated that they agreed with the
proposed tolerances for ceiling to blade
distance. (Hunter No. 29 at p. 5)
As discussed in section III.M, blade to
ceiling measurements are based on the
distance between the lowest point of the
fan blades and the ceiling. As such, any
effects of gravity must be considered
when measuring from the lowest point
of fan blades.
In this final rule, DOE is adopting the
product-specific enforcement
verification provisions proposed in the
September 2019 NOPR and December
2021 SNOPR, as presented in Table III.2.
TABLE III.2—PRODUCT-SPECIFIC ENFORCEMENT VERIFICATION
Represented value
Enforcement verification
Blade span ......................................
Measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the nearest inch) are the same as the represented blade span.
Measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the nearest RPM) are within 2% of the represented blade RPM at high
speed.
If the measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the measured values for
a multiple unit sample, rounded to the 0.01 inch) are the same as the represented blade edge thickness.
Measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the nearest 0.25 inch) are the same as the represented distance.
Blade RPM ......................................
Blade edge thickness ......................
Distance between the ceiling and
the lowest point on the fan
blades.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
O. Calculation Methodology for Values
Reported on the EnergyGuide Label
FTC requires an EnergyGuide label for
any covered product that is a ceiling
fan, except for large diameter and HSSD
ceiling fans. See 16 CFR 305.3(g); 16
CFR 305.21(a)(1).
The EnergyGuide label for ceiling fans
reports values for four key metrics: (1)
Airflow Efficiency, in CFM/W; (2)
Airflow, in CFM; (3) Energy Use, in W;
and (4) Estimated Yearly Energy Cost, in
dollars. See 16 CFR 305.21(a)(1). On
October 21, 2016, DOE published a
guidance document explaining how to
calculate these values, based on
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
measurements taken in accordance with
appendix U.26
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to codify at 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3) the calculations required to
determine the values presented on the
EnergyGuide label for ceiling fans. 84
FR 51440, 51447.
In response to the September 2019
NOPR, Westinghouse, ALA, and BAF
requested that DOE clarify that the FTC
EnergyGuide Label only applies to LSSD
26 DOE guidance document available at
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_
standards/pdfs/ftc_label_calc_method_2016-1021.pdf.
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
and VSD ceiling fans, but not HSSD and
large-diameter ceiling fans.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 64–65; ALA,
No. 34 at p. 4; BAF, No. 36 at p. 2) BAF
further commented that some HSSD
ceiling fans on the market have the FTC
label, but that it is modified for the
purposes of the HSSD fan. (BAF, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 63–64)
AMCA also stated that clarifying how to
perform the testing and calculations for
the EnergyGuide label would decrease
the likelihood of error in testing.
(AMCA, No. 33 at p. 8) Hunter
supported the proposal to codify
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
DOE notes that it has no authority to
make changes the FTC EnergyGuide
label. DOE notes that under the FTC’s
Energy Label Rule, representations for
ceiling fans must be derived from
applicable DOE test procedures in 10
CFR parts 429 and 430. 16 CFR 305.8(c).
The following sections discuss the
calculation methods codified in
regulation in this final rule for each of
the four values presented on the
EnergyGuide label.
Where:
CFMave = represented value of ceiling fan
airflow, rounded to the nearest CFM.
CFMLow = represented value of measured
airflow, in cubic feet per minute, at low
fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
CFMHigh = represented value of measured
airflow, in cubic feet per minute, at high
fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
Section 3.3 of appendix U specifies
the procedures for measuring the
airflow at the high and low speed
settings. The measurements of airflow
for each setting specified by the
equation above must be based on the
represented value of measured airflow
from a sample of at least two ceiling
fans, in accordance with the
requirements of 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(i).
The represented value for airflow is
then calculated using the represented
value of measured airflow for each
setting specified by the equation.
Where:
Wave = represented value power
consumption, rounded to the nearest
watt,
WLow = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at low fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at high fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WSb = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, in standby mode,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours,
pursuant to Table 3 in appendix U.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
Section 3.3 of appendix U outlines the
procedures for measuring the power
consumption at the high and low speed
settings, as well as in standby mode (if
applicable). The measurements of power
consumption for each setting specified
by the equation above must be based on
27 DOE recognizes that the term ‘‘energy use’’ on
the EnergyGuide label would be more accurately
described as power consumption, or a rate of energy
use.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
1. Airflow Efficiency
The EnergyGuide label’s Airflow
Efficiency value corresponds to the
ceiling fan’s represented value of
efficiency (see 10 CFR 429.32(a)), in
CFM/W, which is calculated in section
4 of appendix U.
3. Energy Use
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, the
energy use 27 value reported on the
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
2. Airflow
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, the
airflow value reported on the
EnergyGuide label represents the
weighted-average airflow of a ceiling
fan, in which the weighted average is
based on an average of airflow at low
and high fan speeds. The weight given
to each speed represents the average
operating hours at that speed
normalized by the total average
operating hours in active mode. The
average operating hours are consistent
with those defined in Table 3 in
appendix U. DOE is including in 10 CFR
part 429 the following equation, as
specified in the current guidance, to
calculate this value:
EnergyGuide label represents the
weighted-average power consumption of
the ceiling fan, in which the weighted
average is based on an average of the
power consumption at low and high fan
speeds and in standby mode. The
weight given to each speed and to
standby mode corresponds to the
average operating hours at that setting
normalized by the total average
operating hours in active mode. As with
the airflow calculation, the average
operating hours are consistent with
those defined in Table 3 in appendix U.
DOE is including in 10 CFR part 429 the
following equation, as specified in the
current guidance, to calculate this value:
the represented value of power
consumption measured from a sample
of at least two ceiling fans, in
accordance with the requirements of 10
CFR 429.32(a)(2)(ii). The represented
value of power consumption use is then
calculated using the represented value
of measured power consumption for
each setting specified by the equation.
4. Estimated Yearly Energy Cost
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans,
estimated yearly energy cost represents
the estimated cost to a consumer of the
energy consumed in operating a ceiling
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.001</GPH>
guidance for the FTC label. (Hunter, No.
29 at p. 4)
DOE notes that in the context of the
FTC Energy Label Rule, ‘‘ceiling fan’’ is
defined to exclude ‘‘large-diameter and
high-speed small diameter fans as
defined in appendix U of subpart B of
10 CFR part 430.’’ 16 CFR 305.3(g).
The CA IOUs requested that DOE
work with the FTC to provide airflow
and power at high and low speeds on
the FTC label. The CA IOUs stated that
high-speed airflow and power values are
required on design documents to
comply with ASHRAE standard 90.1.
(CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 4)
DOE did not receive comments on the
substance of the calculations in the DOE
guidance document and proposed to be
codified in regulation.
50415
ER16AU22.000</GPH>
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
fan for a year. Time spent at low speed,
high speed, and in standby mode is
based on the average operating hours
listed in Table 3 in appendix U. DOE is
including in 10 CFR part 429 the
following equation, as specified in the
current guidance, to calculate this value:
Where:
EYEC = represented value for estimated
yearly energy cost, rounded to the
nearest dollar,
WLow = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at low fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at high fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WSb = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, in standby mode,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
CKWH = representative average unit cost of
electrical energy in dollars per kilowatthour pursuant to 16 CFR part 305.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours,
pursuant to Table 3 in appendix U.
365 = number of days per year.
1000 = conversion factor from watts to
kilowatts.
applicability of standby power for largediameter ceiling fans; (5) clarifying test
voltage requirements for large-diameter
ceiling fans; (6) specifying test
procedures for ceiling fans with
accessories or features that do not relate
to the ceiling fan’s ability to create
airflow by the rotation of the fan blades;
(7) clarifying that VSD ceiling fans that
do not also meet the definition of LSSD
fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method; (8)
amending the definition for low-speed;
(9) increasing the tolerance for the
stability criteria for the average air
velocity measurements for LSSD and
VSD ceiling fans; (10) allowing two-arm
sensor setup and requiring sensor arm(s)
to stabilize for 30 seconds prior to
rotating sensor axes; (11) clarifying air
velocity sensor mounting position; (12)
providing instructions to measure blade
thickness; (13) amending instrument
measurement resolution; (14) amending
represented values, and rounding and
enforcement provisions for ceiling fans;
(15) codifying in regulation existing
guidance on the method for calculating
several values reported on the Federal
Trade Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide
label using results from the ceiling fan
test procedures in appendix U to
subpart B of 10 CFR part 430 and
represented values in 10 CFR part 429;
and (16) updating the reference to
AMCA 230–15 to reference the version
that includes the 2021 errata sheet. DOE
has determined that the amended test
procedure will not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct.
ALA commented that no matter how
minimal the changes are to the test
procedures, in most manufacturers’
experience, third-party testing costs
never go down. As such, they noted that
any changes that requires additional
testing will be a burden to
manufacturers, increase costs to
American consumers, and hinder
research and development. (ALA, No.
45 at p. 4) Separately, ALA also
generally noted in the January 11th
public meeting that the costs associated
with testing never goes down. (ALA,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p.
7) Further discussion of the cost impacts
of the test procedure amendments are
presented in the following paragraphs.
1. Cost Impacts for the Scope Related
Amendments
As discussed in section III.A of this
document, DOE is defining ‘‘circulating
air’’ to differentiate fans for ‘‘circulating
air’’ (i.e., ceiling fans) from other
products that are not considered to be
a ceiling fan for the purposes of the
EPCA definition for ceiling fans; and to
include large-diameter ceiling fans
greater than 24 feet in diameter and
certain belt-driven ceiling fans within
the scope of the test procedure.
Regarding DOE’s determination to
include a definition for ‘‘circulating
air,’’ DOE identified that certain highspeed VSD ceiling fans with a diameterto-maximum operating speed ratio less
than 0.06 will be excluded from the
ceiling fan scope. As discussed, VSD
ceiling fans represent less than one
percent of the total ceiling fan market.
Furthermore, the segment of VSD
ceiling fans that would be excluded
from the ceiling fan scope would
represent a portion of the less than one
percent of the market. While the
definition as established would likely
result in a small cost savings for VSD
ceiling fan manufacturers, DOE
conservatively did not include these
cost savings as part of the cost impact
calculations.
Regarding including within the scope
of the test procedure large-diameter
ceiling fans greater than 24 feet in
diameter, while DOE is aware of two
LDCF models with a diameter greater
than 24 feet (see discussion in section
III.A.2.a), DOE understands that these
models are already tested using the DOE
test procedure. As such, DOE does not
expect any test procedure cost impacts
resulting from the expansion of the test
procedure scope to include largediameter ceiling fans with a diameter
greater than 24 feet.
Additionally, DOE is amending the
test procedure to cover certain beltdriven ceiling fans. There are no energy
conservation standards applicable these
certain belt-driven ceiling fans. As such,
manufacturers would not be required to
test such belt-driven ceiling fans
according to the DOE test procedure
unless a manufacturer voluntarily
chooses to make representations as to
the energy efficiency or energy use of
such ceiling fans. Based on third-party
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
In calculating this value, the daily
operating hours in active mode are
assumed to be 6.4 hours per day.
Section 3.3 of appendix U outlines the
procedures for measuring the power
consumption at the high and low speed
settings, as well as in standby mode (if
applicable). The measurements of power
consumption for each setting specified
by the equation above must be based on
the represented value of power
consumption measured from a sample
of at least two ceiling fans, in
accordance with the requirements of 10
CFR 429.32(a)(2)(ii). The represented
value for estimated yearly energy cost is
then calculated using the represented
value of measured power consumption
for each setting specified by the
equation.
P. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
In this final rule, DOE is amending
the existing test procedure for ceiling
fans by (1) including a definition for
‘‘circulating air’’ for the purpose of the
ceiling fan definition; (2) extending the
scope of the test procedure to include
large diameter fans with a diameter
greater than 24 feet; (3) expanding the
test procedure to high-speed belt-driven
ceiling fans; (4) maintaining
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.002</GPH>
50416
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
laboratory test cost quotes to test these
belt-driven ceiling fans in accordance
with AMCA 230–15, DOE estimates that
it would cost manufacturers
approximately $3,165 to test one HSBD
unit at both high speed and 40 percent
speed. DOE requires at least two units
be tested. Therefore, DOE estimates it
would cost manufacturers
approximately $6,330 per HSBD basic
model. DOE notes that the test
procedure applicable under appendix U
is substantively the relevant industry
standard, i.e., AMCA 230–15. To the
extent that a manufacturer is already
making representations as to the energy
efficiency or energy use of such fans,
DOE expects that the testing is based on
AMCA 230–15, and therefore this final
rule would not require additional
testing.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
2. Cost Impacts for Stability Criteria
This final rule includes amendments
analyzed in the September 2019 NOPR
increasing the tolerance for the stability
criteria for the average air velocity
measurements of LSSD and VSD ceiling
fans that meet the definition of LSSD
ceiling fans at low speed. 84 FR 51440,
51446. DOE had identified cost savings
that manufacturers would likely
experience from avoiding the need to
purchase additional and more-costly air
velocity sensors to meet the stability
criteria required by the prior test
procedure.
To test ceiling fans up to 84 inches in
diameter with an air velocity sensor
every 4 inches and in all four axes could
require a manufacturer to purchase,
calibrate, and install as many as 45
upgraded sensors. In this final rule, DOE
estimates that this investment would be
approximately $50,000 per
manufacturer for these upgraded
sensors. DOE estimated that at least two
ceiling fan manufacturers have in-house
testing facilities that would have had to
invest in upgraded sensors to meet the
stability criteria to comply with the
current test procedure—each of which
would avoid approximately $50,000 in
one-time costs.
3. Cost Impacts for Low Speed
Definition
As discussed in section III.F of this
document, DOE is amending the low
speed definition, which is required to
test LSSD ceiling fans. This amendment
may require retesting a subset of LSSD
ceiling fans. DOE conservatively
estimates that approximately 10 percent
of LSSD ceiling fans with more than
three speed settings will be affected by
the low speed definition change and
will have to be retested in active mode
using the new low speed definition.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
Further, DOE estimates that the test
procedure for LSSD ceiling fans will
cost $1,500 on average per basic model
active mode test.
4. Cost Impacts for Other Test Procedure
Amendments
DOE does not anticipate that the
remainder of the amendments in this
final rule will increase test costs.
The amendment to measure standby
power using the test method in section
3.6 of appendix U for LDCFs is not
required until such time as compliance
is required with an energy conservation
standard for standby mode, unless a
manufacturer voluntarily chooses to
make representations as to the standby
power. To the extent that a
manufacturer is already making
representations as to standby power of
such fans, DOE expects that the testing
is based on section 3.6 of appendix U,
and therefore this final rule would not
require additional testing. The
amendment to allow a two-arm sensor
setup is in addition to the single-arm
and four-arm setup already allowed in
appendix U. The amendment to require
that the sensor arm stabilize for an extra
30 seconds before moving axes should
allow for more accurate air velocity
measurements, resulting in fewer
repetitions to meet the stability
requirement. The amendments to
specify air velocity sensor mounting
position, measure blade thickness,
testing for ceiling fans with accessories,
test voltage requirements for large
diameter ceiling fans, and not requiring
testing VSD ceiling fans that do not also
meet the definition of LSSD fan are
clarifications. The amendments for
instrument measurement resolution,
represented values, rounding and
enforcement provisions for ceiling fans
are consistent with current industry and
laboratory practice. Finally, the
amendments to codify the calculations
required to determine the values
presented on the EnergyGuide label for
ceiling fans is consistent with current
FTC requirements.
Q. Effective and Compliance Dates
The effective date for the adopted test
procedure amendment will be 30 days
after publication of this final rule in the
Federal Register. EPCA prescribes that
all representations of energy efficiency
and energy use, including those made
on marketing materials and product
labels, must be made in accordance with
an amended test procedure, beginning
180 days after publication of the final
rule in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2)) EPCA provides an allowance
for individual manufacturers to petition
DOE for an extension of the 180-day
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50417
period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.) To the extent the
modified test procedure adopted in this
final rule is required only for the
evaluation and issuance of updated
efficiency standards, compliance with
the amended test procedure does not
require use of such modified test
procedure provisions until the
compliance date of updated standards.
ALA urged DOE to allow for a 180day delay after the effective date of the
test procedure for an issuance of a
proposed energy conservation standard.
ALA stated that while the Process Rule
at 10 CFR part 430, subpart C, appendix
A does not require a 180-day delay,
ALA strongly believes that the waiting
period is warranted should DOE decide
to amend the test procedure as
proposed. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 2)
This final rule is with regards to the
test procedures only. DOE notes that it
has published a notification of a
webinar and availability of preliminary
technical support document to evaluate
potential energy conservation standards
for ceiling fans. 87 FR 7758 (February
10, 2022). DOE has not proposed
amended energy conservation standards
for ceiling fans.
Upon the compliance date of test
procedure provisions in this final rule
any waivers or interim waivers that had
been previously issued and are in effect
that pertain to issues addressed by such
provisions are terminated. 10 CFR
430.27(h)(3). Recipients of any such
waivers are required to test the products
subject to the waiver according to the
amended test procedure as of the
compliance date of the amended test
procedure. The amendments adopted in
this document in section III.I pertain to
issues addressed by waivers granted to
BAF, Case No. 2017–011. On October
16, 2018, DOE published a notice of a
Decision and Order (Case Number
2017–011) that granted BAF a waiver
from specified portions of appendix U
and required BAF to test and rate
specified basic models of its ceiling fans
in accordance with the alternate test
procedure specified in the Decision and
Order. 83 FR 52213. The amendments
adopted in section III.H of this final rule
incorporate the same alternate stability
criteria for low speed (from 5 percent to
10 percent) as provided in the Decision
and Order. Id. at 83 FR 52216. That
Decision and Order terminates on the
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50418
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
effective date of this final rule specified
in the DATES heading.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
and 13563
Executive Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866,
‘‘Regulatory Planning and Review,’’ as
supplemented and reaffirmed by E.O.
13563, ‘‘Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review, 76 FR 3821 (Jan. 21,
2011), requires agencies, to the extent
permitted by law, to (1) propose or
adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned
determination that its benefits justify its
costs (recognizing that some benefits
and costs are difficult to quantify); (2)
tailor regulations to impose the least
burden on society, consistent with
obtaining regulatory objectives, taking
into account, among other things, and to
the extent practicable, the costs of
cumulative regulations; (3) select, in
choosing among alternative regulatory
approaches, those approaches that
maximize net benefits (including
potential economic, environmental,
public health and safety, and other
advantages; distributive impacts; and
equity); (4) to the extent feasible, specify
performance objectives, rather than
specifying the behavior or manner of
compliance that regulated entities must
adopt; and (5) identify and assess
available alternatives to direct
regulation, including providing
economic incentives to encourage the
desired behavior, such as user fees or
marketable permits, or providing
information upon which choices can be
made by the public. DOE emphasizes as
well that E.O. 13563 requires agencies to
use the best available techniques to
quantify anticipated present and future
benefits and costs as accurately as
possible. In its guidance, the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in the Office of Management
and Budget (‘‘OMB’’) has emphasized
that such techniques may include
identifying changing future compliance
costs that might result from
technological innovation or anticipated
behavioral changes. For the reasons
stated in the preamble, this final
regulatory action is consistent with
these principles.
Section 6(a) of E.O. 12866 also
requires agencies to submit ‘‘significant
regulatory actions’’ to OIRA for review.
OIRA has determined that this final
regulatory action does not constitute a
‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under
section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. Accordingly,
this action was not submitted to OIRA
for review under E.O. 12866.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of a final regulatory flexibility analysis
(FRFA) for any final rule where the
agency was first required by law to
publish a proposed rule for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003 to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: www.energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel.
DOE has recently conducted a focused
inquiry into small business
manufacturers of the ceiling fans
covered by this rulemaking. DOE used
available public information to identify
potential small manufacturers. DOE
accessed the Compliance Certification
Database 28 to create a list of companies
that import or otherwise manufacture
the ceiling fans covered by this final
rule.
The following sections detail DOE’s
FRFA for this test procedure final rule.
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is
Being Considered
DOE is amending the existing DOE
test procedures for ceiling fans. DOE
shall amend test procedures with
respect to any covered product, if the
Secretary determines that amended test
procedures would more accurately
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
DOE is required to review existing
DOE test procedures for all covered
products every 7 years. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
3. Description and Estimate of Small
Entities Regulated
For manufacturers of ceiling fans, the
Small Business Administration (‘‘SBA’’)
28 U.S. Department of Energy Compliance
Certification Database, available at:
www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data/
products.html#q=Product_Group_s%3A*.
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
has set a size threshold, which defines
those entities classified as ‘‘small
businesses’’ for the purposes of the
statute. DOE used the SBA’s small
business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be
subject to the requirements of the rule.
See 13 CFR part 121. The size standards
are listed by North American Industry
Classification System (‘‘NAICS’’) code
and industry description available at:
www.sba.gov/document/support—tablesize-standards. Ceiling fan
manufacturing is classified under
NAICS code 335210, ‘‘Small Electrical
Appliance Manufacturing.’’ The SBA
sets a threshold of 1,500 employees or
less for an entity to be considered as a
small business for this category.
To estimate the number of companies
that manufacture ceiling fans covered by
this rulemaking, DOE used data from
DOE’s publicly available Compliance
Certification Database (‘‘CCD’’). DOE’s
small business search focused on
companies that sell at least one LSSD
ceiling fan model with more than three
speed settings as well as small
businesses that sell HSBD or LDBD
ceiling fans, since those are the only
manufacturers, large or small, that are
estimated to potentially incur any costs
due to the test procedure amendments.
DOE identified 10 potential domestic
small businesses that manufacture at
least one LSSD ceiling fan with more
than three speed settings. These 10
potential domestic small businesses sell
approximately 325 unique LSSD ceiling
fans with more than three speed
settings. Additionally, DOE identified
four potential domestic small businesses
that manufacture HSBD ceiling fans.
These four potential domestic small
businesses sell 16 known HSBD ceiling
fan models. Further, while DOE is aware
of two LDCF models with a diameter
greater than 24 feet, DOE understands
that these models are already tested
using the DOE test procedure.
Therefore, elimination of the 24-foot
threshold from the test procedure
update will not add test burden.
4. Description and Estimate of
Compliance Requirements
In this final rule, DOE is amending
the existing test procedure for ceiling
fans by (1) including a definition for
‘‘circulating air’’ for the purpose of the
ceiling fan definition; (2) extending the
scope of the test procedure to include
large diameter fans with a diameter
greater than 24 feet; (3) expanding the
test procedure to high-speed belt-driven
ceiling fans; (4) maintaining
applicability of standby power for largediameter ceiling fans; (5) clarifying test
voltage requirements for large-diameter
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
ceiling fans; (6) specifying test
procedures for ceiling fans with
accessories or features that do not relate
to the ceiling fan’s ability to create
airflow by the rotation of the fan blades;
(7) clarifying that VSD ceiling fans that
do not also meet the definition of LSSD
fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method; (8)
amending the definition for low-speed;
(9) increasing the tolerance for the
stability criteria for the average air
velocity measurements for LSSD and
VSD ceiling fans; (10) allowing two-arm
sensor setup and requiring sensor arm to
stabilize for 30 seconds prior to rotating
sensor axes; (11) clarifying air velocity
sensor mounting position; (12)
providing instructions to measure blade
thickness; (13) amending instrument
measurement resolution; (14) amending
represented values, rounding and
enforcement provisions for ceiling fans;
(15) codifying in regulation existing
guidance on the method for calculating
several values reported on the Federal
Trade Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide
label using results from the ceiling fan
test procedures in appendix U to
subpart B of 10 CFR part 430 and
represented values in 10 CFR part 429;
and (16) updating the reference to
AMCA 230–15 to reference the version
that includes the 2021 errata sheet. DOE
has determined that the amended test
procedure will not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct.
DOE estimates that some ceiling fan
manufacturers would experience a cost
from the test procedure amendments,
due to retesting specific LSSD ceiling
fans at low speed. Additionally, DOE
estimates that some ceiling fan
manufacturers would experience a cost
savings from the test procedure
amendment regarding the stability
criteria for average air velocity
measurements by not having to
purchase sensors.
As stated previously, DOE identified
10 potential domestic small businesses
selling approximately 325 unique LSSD
ceiling fans with more than three speed
settings. DOE previously estimated that
approximately 10 percent of LSSD
ceiling fan models with more than three
speed settings would be required to retest their models using the amended
definition for low-speed. Therefore,
DOE estimates that approximately 33
ceiling fan models sold by domestic
small businesses would need to be retested due to this test procedure
amendment. DOE previously estimated
that it costs manufacturers
approximately $1,500 for a third-party
lab to conduct this test. Therefore, DOE
estimates that all domestic small
50419
businesses would incur approximately
$49,500 to re-test certain LSSD ceiling
fans to the new low-speed definition.
DOE estimates that the annual revenue
of these 10 potential domestic small
businesses that sell at least one LSSD
ceiling fan with more than three speed
settings range from approximately $1.7
million to over $250 million, with a
median value of approximately $36
million.
Additionally, as stated in the previous
section, DOE identified four potential
domestic small businesses selling 16
HSBD ceiling fan models.
DOE estimates that the test procedure
for belt-driven ceiling fans would cost
manufacturers approximately $6,330 per
basic model to test in accordance with
this test procedure. Therefore, DOE
estimates that domestic small
businesses would incur a one-time cost
of approximately $101,280 to conduct
testing for the expanded scope of beltdriven ceiling fan. DOE estimates that
the annual revenue of these four
potential domestic small businesses that
sell at least one HSBD ceiling fan range
from approximately $79,000 to $16
million.
DOE presents the estimated testing
costs and annual revenue for each
potential small business manufacturer
of belt-driven fans in Table IV.1.
TABLE IV.1—TESTING COSTS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES MANUFACTURING BELT-DRIVEN FANS
Number of
belt-driven
ceiling fan
models
Company
Small
Small
Small
Small
Business
Business
Business
Business
1
2
3
4
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict
With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or
regulations that duplicate, overlap, or
conflict with this final rule.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
As previously stated in this section,
DOE is required to review existing DOE
test procedures for all covered products
every 7 years. Additionally, DOE shall
amend test procedures with respect to
any covered product, if the Secretary
determines that amended test
procedures would more accurately
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. (42
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
Estimated
testing cost
9
5
1
1
U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)) DOE has
determined that the test procedure
amendments for ceiling fans would
more accurately produce test results to
measure the energy efficiency of ceiling
fans.
While DOE recognizes that requiring
ceiling fan manufacturers to retest
specific LSSD ceiling fans at low speed,
and expanding the scope to HSBD
ceiling fans would cause manufacturers
to re-test or test some ceiling fan
models, the costs to re-test and test
these models are inexpensive for most
ceiling fan manufacturers. DOE has
tentatively determined that there are no
better alternatives than the amended test
procedures, in terms of both meeting the
agency’s objectives to accurately
measure energy efficiency and reduce
burden on manufacturers. Therefore,
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
$56,970
31,650
6,330
6,330
Estimated
annual
revenue
$16,000,000
79,000
1,500,000
97,000
Testing costs
as a percent
of annual
revenue
0.3
36.3
0.4
6.5
DOE is amending the existing DOE test
procedure for ceiling fans, as
established in this final rule.
Additional compliance flexibilities
may be available through other means.
EPCA provides that a manufacturer
whose annual gross revenue from all of
its operations does not exceed $8
million for the 12-month period
preceding the date of the application
may apply for an exemption from all or
part of an energy conservation standard
for a period not longer than 24 months
after the effective date of a final rule
establishing the standard. (42 U.S.C.
6295(t)) Additionally, manufacturers
subject to DOE’s energy efficiency
standards may apply to DOE’s Office of
Hearings and Appeals for exception
relief under certain circumstances.
Manufacturers should refer to 10 CFR
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50420
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
part 430, subpart E, and 10 CFR part
1003 for additional details on these
additional compliance flexibilities.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of ceiling fans must
certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including ceiling fans. (See generally 10
CFR part 429.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, certifying compliance, and
completing and reviewing the collection
of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE establishes test
procedure amendments that it expects
will be used to develop and implement
future energy conservation standards for
ceiling fans. DOE has determined that
this rule falls into a class of actions that
are categorically excluded from review
under the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) and DOE’s implementing
regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, DOE has determined that
adopting test procedures for measuring
energy efficiency of consumer products
and industrial equipment is consistent
with activities identified in 10 CFR part
1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and
A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is
required.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (August 4, 1999), imposes
certain requirements on agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have Federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE examined this final rule
and determined that it will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on
the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
final rule. States can petition DOE for
exemption from such preemption to the
extent, and based on criteria, set forth in
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order
13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity; (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation; (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction; (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately
defines key terms; and (6) addresses
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, this final rule
meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
regulatory action resulting in a rule that
may cause the expenditure by State,
local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of
$100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section
202 of UMRA requires a Federal agency
to publish a written statement that
estimates the resulting costs, benefits,
and other effects on the national
economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The
UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit
timely input by elected officers of State,
local, and Tribal governments on a
proposed ‘‘significant intergovernmental
mandate,’’ and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for
timely input to potentially affected
small governments before establishing
any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. On March 18, 1997, DOE
published a statement of policy on its
process for intergovernmental
consultation under UMRA. 62 FR
12820; also available at
www.energy.gov/gc/office-generalcounsel. DOE examined this final rule
according to UMRA and its statement of
policy and determined that the rule
contains neither an intergovernmental
mandate, nor a mandate that may result
in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements
do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
that may affect family well-being. This
final rule will not have any impact on
the autonomy or integrity of the family
as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to
prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this regulation
will not result in any takings that might
require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant to OMB
Memorandum M–19–15, Improving
Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE
published updated guidelines which are
available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/
files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final
%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%
20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has reviewed
this final rule under the OMB and DOE
guidelines and has concluded that it is
consistent with applicable policies in
those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
significant energy action. A ‘‘significant
energy action’’ is defined as any action
by an agency that promulgated or is
expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that (1) is a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order
12866, or any successor order; and (2)
is likely to have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the
Administrator of OIRA as a significant
energy action. For any significant energy
action, the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use if the
regulation is implemented, and of
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
reasonable alternatives to the action and
their expected benefits on energy
supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a
significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as
a significant energy action by the
Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is
not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The modifications to the test
procedure for ceiling fans adopted in
this final rule incorporate testing
methods contained in certain sections of
the following commercial standards:
ANSI/AMCA Standard 230–15 (‘‘AMCA
230–15’’), ‘‘Laboratory Methods of
Testing Air Circulating Fans for Rating
and Certification, Includes Errata
(2021).’’ DOE has evaluated this
standard and is unable to conclude
whether it fully complies with the
requirements of section 32(b) of the
FEAA (i.e., whether it was developed in
a manner that fully provides for public
participation, comment, and review.)
DOE has consulted with both the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the FTC about the impact on
competition of using the methods
contained in these standards and has
received no comments objecting to their
use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will
report to Congress on the promulgation
of this rule before its effective date. The
report will state that it has been
determined that the rule is not a ‘‘major
rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
50421
N. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
The Director of the Federal Register
previously approved AMCA 208–18 for
incorporation by reference into
appendix U to subpart B: The procedure
defines the fan energy index (‘‘FEI’’),
outlines the calculations necessary to
obtain it, and discusses the test
conditions and configurations it applies
to.
In this final rule, DOE incorporates by
reference the following standards:
AMCA 230–15, ‘‘Laboratory Methods
of Testing Air Circulating Fans for
Rating and Certification’’, including
AMCA 230–15 Technical Errata 2021–
05–05, ‘‘Technical Errata Sheet for
ANSI/AMCA Standard 230–15: Density
Corrections’’, dated May 5, 2021. AMCA
230–15 is an industry-accepted test
procedure for measuring the airflow
efficiency of commercial and industrial
ceiling fans.
IEC 62301, Household electrical
appliances—Measurement of standby
power, (Edition 2.0, 2011–01). The
procedure provides a basis for standbymode testing.
The AMCA standards are available
from Air Movement and Control
Association International, Inc. (AMCA),
30 West University Drive, Arlington
Heights, IL 60004, (847) 394–0150, or by
going to www.amca.org/store.
The IEC standard is available from
International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC), 3 Rue de Varembe,
Case Postale 131, 1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland, https://webstore.iec.ch/
and from the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
(212) 642–4900, https://
webstore.ansi.org.
V. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this final rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Small
businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
Signing Authority
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE amends parts 429 and
430 of chapter II of title 10, Code of
Federal Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
2. Section 429.32 is amended by:
a. Revising the paragraph (a)(2)
introductory text and paragraph
(a)(2)(ii)(B); and
■ b. Adding paragraphs (a)(3) and (4);
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
■
§ 429.32
Ceiling fans.
(a) * * *
(2) For each basic model of ceiling
fan, a sample of sufficient size must be
randomly selected and tested to ensure
that—
*
*
*
*
*
(ii) * * *
(B) The upper 95 percent confidence
limit (UCL) of the true mean divided by
1.1, where:
And x¯ is the sample mean; s is the
sample standard deviation; n is the
number of samples; and t0.95 is the t
statistic for a 95% one-tailed confidence
interval with n–1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A to this subpart); and
(3) For each basic model of ceiling
fan,
(i) Any represented value of blade
span, as defined in section 1.4 of
appendix U to subpart B of part 430, is
the mean of the blade spans measured
for the sample selected as described in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rounded
to the nearest inch;
(ii) Any represented value of blade
revolutions per minute (RPM) is the
mean of the blade RPM measurements
measured for the sample selected as
described in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section, rounded to the nearest RPM;
(iii) Any represented value of blade
edge thickness is the mean of the blade
edge thicknesses measured for the
sample selected as described in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rounded
to the nearest 0.01 inch;
(iv) Any represented value of the
distance between the ceiling and the
lowest point on the fan blades is the
mean of the distances measured for the
sample selected as described in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rounded
to the nearest quarter of an inch;
(v) Any represented value of tip speed
is pi multiplied by represented value of
blade span divided by twelve multiplied
by the represented value of RPM,
rounded to the nearest foot per minute;
and
(vi) Any represented value of airflow
(CFM) at high speed, including the
value used to determine whether a
ceiling fan is a highly-decorative ceiling
fan as defined in section 1.10 of
appendix U to subpart B of part 430, is
determined pursuant to paragraph
(a)(2)(i) and rounded to the nearest
CFM.
(4) To determine representative values
of airflow, energy use, and estimated
yearly energy cost of an LSSD or VSD
ceiling fan basic model, use the
following provisions.
(i) Airflow. Determine the represented
value for airflow by calculating the
weighted-average airflow of an LSSD or
VSD ceiling fan basic model at low and
high fan speed as follows:
Where:
CFMave = represented value of ceiling fan
airflow, rounded to the nearest CFM.
CFMLow = represented value of measured
airflow, in cubic feet per minute, at low
fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
CFMHigh = represented value of measured
airflow, in cubic feet per minute, at high
fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U to subpart B of part 430.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
(ii) Energy Use. Determine
represented value for energy use by
calculating the weighted-average power
consumption of an LSSD or VSD ceiling
fan basic model at low and high fan
speed as follows:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4725
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
ER16AU22.004</GPH>
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on August 2, 2022,
by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
pursuant to delegated authority from the
Secretary of Energy. That document
with the original signature and date is
maintained by DOE. For administrative
purposes only, and in compliance with
requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of
the Department of Energy. This
Signed in Washington, DC, on August 3,
2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
ER16AU22.005</GPH>
administrative process in no way alters
the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
16AUR2
ER16AU22.003</GPH>
50422
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
Where:
Wave = represented value power
consumption, rounded to the nearest
watt,
WLow = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at low fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at high fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WSb = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, in standby mode,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U to subpart B of part 430.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours,
pursuant to Table 3 in appendix U to
subpart B of part 430.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
Where:
EYEC = represented value for estimated
yearly energy cost, rounded to the
nearest dollar,
WLow = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at low fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, at high fan speed,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WSb = represented value of measured power
consumption, in watts, in standby mode,
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
CKWH = representative average unit cost of
electrical energy in dollars per kilowatthour pursuant to 16 CFR part 305.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan
speed, pursuant to Table 3 in appendix
U to subpart B of part 430
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high
fan speed, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours,
pursuant to Table 3 in appendix U to
subpart B of part 430.
365 = number of days per year.
1000 = conversion factor from watts to
kilowatts.
determining the product class and
calculating the minimum allowable
ceiling fan efficiency.
(ii) If DOE determines that the
represented blade span is invalid, DOE
will use the rounded measured blade
span(s) as the basis for determining the
product class, and calculating the
minimum allowable ceiling fan
efficiency.
(2) Verification of the distance
between the ceiling and lowest point of
fan blades. DOE will measure the
distance between the ceiling and lowest
point of the fan blades and round the
measurement pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 430 of this
chapter for each unit tested. DOE will
consider the represented distance valid
only if the rounded measurement(s)
(either the measured value for a single
unit, or the mean of the measured
values for a multiple unit sample,
rounded to the nearest quarter inch) are
the same as the represented distance.
(i) If DOE determines that the
represented distance is valid, that
distance will be used as the basis for
determining the product class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the
represented distance is invalid, DOE
will use the rounded measured
distance(s) as the basis for determining
the product class.
(3) Verification of blade revolutions
per minute (RPM) measured at high
speed. DOE will measure the blade RPM
at high speed pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 430 of this
chapter for each unit tested. DOE will
consider the represented blade RPM
measured at high speed valid only if the
measurement(s) (either the measured
value for a single unit, or the mean of
the measured values for a multiple unit
sample, rounded to the nearest RPM) are
within 2 percent of the represented
blade RPM at high speed.
(i) If DOE determines that the
represented RPM is valid, that RPM will
be used as the basis for determining the
product class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the
represented RPM is invalid, DOE will
use the rounded measured RPM(s) as
the basis for determining the product
class.
(4) Verification of blade edge
thickness. DOE will measure the blade
edge thickness and round the
measurement pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 430 for
each unit tested. DOE will consider the
represented blade edge thickness valid
only if the measurement(s) (either the
measured value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to the
nearest 0.01 inch) are the same as the
represented blade edge thickness.
(i) If DOE determines that the
represented blade edge thickness is
valid, that blade edge thickness will be
used for determining product class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the
represented blade edge thickness is
invalid, DOE will use the rounded
measured blade edge thickness(es) as
the basis for determining the product
class.
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 429.134 is amended by
adding paragraph (t) to read as follows:
§ 429.134 Product-specific enforcement
provisions.
*
*
*
*
*
(t) Ceiling Fans—(1) Verification of
blade span. DOE will measure the blade
span and round the measurement
pursuant to the test requirements of 10
CFR part 430 of this chapter for each
unit tested. DOE will consider the
represented blade span valid only if the
rounded measurement(s) (either the
rounded measured value for a single
unit, or the mean of the rounded
measured values for a multiple unit
sample, rounded to the nearest inch) is
the same as the represented blade span.
(i) If DOE determines that the
represented blade span is valid, that
blade span will be used as the basis for
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
(iii) Estimated Yearly Energy Cost.
Determine the represented value for
estimated yearly energy cost of an LSSD
or VSD ceiling fan basic model at low
and high fan speed as follows:
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
4. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
5. Section 430.2 is amended by
revising the definition of ‘‘Ceiling fan’’
to read as follows:
■
§ 430.2
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Ceiling fan means a nonportable
device that is suspended from a ceiling
for circulating air via the rotation of fan
blades. For the purpose of this
definition:
(1) Circulating air means the
discharge of air in an upward or
downward direction. A ceiling fan that
has a ratio of fan blade span (in inches)
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.006</GPH>
*
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
50423
50424
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
to maximum rotation rate (in
revolutions per minute) greater than
0.06 provides circulating air.
(2) For all other ceiling fan related
definitions, see appendix U to this
subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 6. Section 430.3 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraph (b)(4);
■ b. Adding paragraph (b)(5);
■ c. Revising the introductory text to
paragraph (p);
■ d. In paragraph (p)(6), adding the text
‘‘U,’’ immediately before the text ‘‘X,’’;
■ e. Removing and reserving paragraph
(p)(8); and
■ f. Adding note 1 to paragraph (p).
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
§ 430.3 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(b) * * *
(4) ANSI/AMCA Standard 230–15
(‘‘AMCA 230–15’’), Laboratory Methods
of Testing Air Circulating Fans for
Rating and Certification, ANSIapproved October 16, 2015; IBR
approved for appendix U of subpart B.
(5) AMCA 230–15 Technical Errata
2021–05–05 (‘‘AMCA 260–15 TE),
Technical Errata Sheet for ANSI/AMCA
Standard 230–15: Density Corrections,
dated May 5, 2021; IBR approved for
appendix U of subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
(p) IEC. International Electrotechnical
Commission, 3 Rue de Varembe, Case
Postale 131, 1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland; https://webstore.iec.ch/.
*
*
*
*
*
Note 2 to paragraph (p). The standards
referenced in paragraphs (p)(1) through
(9) are also available from ANSI. See
paragraph (e) of this section.
■ 7. Section 430.23 is amended by
revising paragraph (w) to read as
follows:
§ 430.23 Test procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption.
*
*
*
*
*
(w) Ceiling fans. Measure the
following attributes of a single ceiling
fan in accordance with appendix U to
this subpart: airflow; power
consumption; ceiling fan efficiency, as
applicable; ceiling fan energy index
(CFEI), as applicable; standby power, as
applicable; distance between the ceiling
and lowest point of fan blades; blade
span; blade edge thickness; and blade
revolutions per minute (RPM).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Appendix U to subpart B of part
430 is amended by:
■ a. Removing the introductory text and
adding, in its place, a note to the
appendix;
■ b. Adding section 0;
■ c. Revising sections 1.4, and 1.8
through 1.20;
■ d. Adding sections 1.21;
■ e. Revising section 2;
■ f. Revising the introductory text to
section 3, and sections 3.2.2(1), 3.2.2(4),
3.2.2(6), 3.2.3, 3.3.1(3), 3.3.1(4), 3.3.1(5),
3.3.1(6), 3.3.1(8), and 3.3.2;
■ g. Adding section 3.3.3;
■ h. Revising sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.5.1,
and 3.6.;
■ i. Revising sections 4 and 5; and
■ j. Removing the text ‘‘IEC 62301–U’’
and adding, in its place, the text ‘‘IEC
62301’’, wherever it appears.
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
Appendix U to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans
Note: Prior to February 13, 2023,
manufacturers must make any
representations with respect to the energy
use or efficiency of ceiling fans as specified
in section 2 of this appendix as it appeared
on January 23, 2017. On or after February 13,
2023, manufacturers of ceiling fans, as
specified in section 2 of this appendix, must
make any representations with respect to
energy use or efficiency in accordance with
the results of testing pursuant to this
appendix. Representations of standby power
consumption for large-diameter ceiling fans
including for the purpose of certification, are
not required until such time as compliance
is required with an energy conservation
standard for standby power consumption.
Upon the compliance date(s) of any energy
conservation standards for large-diameter
ceiling fans with a blade span greater than 24
feet, use of the applicable provisions of this
test procedure to demonstrate compliance
with the energy conservation standard will
also be required.
however, only enumerated provisions of
AMCA 230–15, AMCA 230–15 TE, and IEC
62301 are applicable as follows:
0.1 AMCA 230–15 (including
corresponding sections in AMCA 230–15
TE):
(a) Section 3—Units of Measurement, as
specified in section 3.4 of this appendix;
(b) Section 4—Symbols and Subscripts;
(including Table 1—Symbols and
Subscripts), as specified in section 3.4 of this
appendix;
(c) Section 5—Definitions (except 5.1), as
specified in section 3.4 of this appendix;
(d) Section 6—Instruments and Section
Methods of Measurement, as specified in
section 3.4 of this appendix;
(e) Section 7—Equipment and Setups
(except the last 2 bulleted items in 7.1—
Allowable test setups), as specified in section
3.4 of this appendix;
(f) Section 8—Observations and Conduct of
Test, as specified in section 3.5 of this
appendix;
(g) Section 9—Calculations (except 9.5 and
9.6), as specified in section 3.5 of this
appendix; and
(h) Test Figure 1—Vertical Airflow Setup
with Load Cell (Ceiling Fans), as specified in
section 3.4 of this appendix.
0.2 IEC 62301:
(a) Section 4.3.1—Supply voltage and
frequency (first paragraph only), as specified
in section 3.6 of this appendix;
(b) Section 4.3.2—Supply voltage
waveform, as specified in section 3.6 of this
appendix;
(c) Section 4.4—General conditions for
measurements: Power measuring
instruments, as specified in section 3.6 of
this appendix;
(d) Section 5.3.1—General (except the last
bulleted item), as specified in section 3.6 of
this appendix and
(e) Section 5.3.2—Sampling method (first
two paragraphs and Note 1), as specified in
sections 3.6 and 3.6.3 of this appendix.
*
*
*
*
*
1.4. Blade span means the diameter of the
largest circle swept by any part of the fan
blade assembly, including attachments. The
represented value of blade span (D) is as
determined in 10 CFR 429.32.
*
0. Incorporation by Reference
In § 430.3, DOE incorporated by reference
the entire standard for AMCA 208–18, AMCA
230–15, AMCA 230–15 TE, and IEC 62301;
*
*
*
*
1.8. High-speed small-diameter (HSSD)
ceiling fan means a small-diameter ceiling
fan that is not a very-small-diameter ceiling
fan, highly-decorative ceiling fan or beltdriven ceiling fan and that has a represented
value of blade edge thickness, as determined
in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iii), of less than 3.2
mm or a maximum represented value of tip
speed, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(v), greater than the applicable
limit specified in the table in this definition.
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
HIGH-SPEED SMALL-DIAMETER CEILING FAN BLADE AND TIP SPEED CRITERIA
Thickness (t) of edges of blades
Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction
Mm
Downward-only ........................................................................
Downward-only ........................................................................
Reversible ................................................................................
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00030
4.8 > t ≥ 3.2
t ≥ 4.8
4.8 > t ≥ 3.2
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
Inch
⁄
3 16
⁄
3 16
m/s
> t ≥ 1⁄8
t ≥ 3⁄16
> t ≥ 1⁄8
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
feet per minute
16.3
20.3
12.2
16AUR2
3,200
4,000
2,400
50425
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
HIGH-SPEED SMALL-DIAMETER CEILING FAN BLADE AND TIP SPEED CRITERIA—Continued
Thickness (t) of edges of blades
Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction
Mm
t ≥ 4.8
Reversible ................................................................................
1.9. High-speed belt-driven (HSBD) ceiling
fan means a ceiling fan that is a belt-driven
ceiling fan with one fan head, and that has
Inch
m/s
t ≥ 3⁄16
a represented value of blade edge thickness,
as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iii), of
less than 3.2 mm or a maximum represented
feet per minute
16.3
3,200
value of tip speed, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(v), greater than the applicable
limit specified in the table in this definition.
HIGH-SPEED BELT-DRIVEN CEILING FAN BLADE AND TIP SPEED CRITERIA
Thickness (t) of edges of blades
Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction
Mm
Downward-only ........................................................................
Downward-only ........................................................................
Reversible ................................................................................
Reversible ................................................................................
1.10. Highly-decorative ceiling fan means a
ceiling fan with a maximum represented
value of blade revolutions per minute (RPM),
as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(ii), of
90 RPM, and a represented value of airflow
at high speed, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(vi), of less than 1,840 CFM.
1.11. Hugger ceiling fan means a low-speed
small-diameter ceiling fan that is not a verysmall-diameter ceiling fan, highly-decorative
ceiling fan, or belt-driven ceiling fan, and for
which the represented value of the distance
between the ceiling and the lowest point on
the fan blades, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(iv), is less than or equal to 10
inches.
1.12. Large-diameter ceiling fan means a
ceiling fan that is not a highly-decorative
4.8 > t
t
4.8 > t
t
Inch
≥
≥
≥
≥
3.2
4.8
3.2
4.8
⁄
3 16
⁄
3 16
m/s
> t ≥ 1⁄8
t ≥ 3⁄16
> t ≥ 1⁄8
t ≥ 3⁄16
ceiling fan or belt-driven ceiling fan and has
a represented value of blade span, as
determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(i), greater
than seven feet.
1.13. Low speed means the lowest available
speed that meets the following criteria:
Number of sensors per
individual axis as
determined in section
3.2.2(6) of this appendix
Number of sensors per
individual axis measuring
40 feet per minute or
greater
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
feet per minute
16.3
20.3
12.2
16.3
3,200
4,000
2,400
3,200
Number of sensors per
individual axis as
determined in section
3.2.2(6) of this appendix
Number of sensors per
individual axis measuring
40 feet per minute or
greater
11
12
8
9
1.14. Low-speed small-diameter (LSSD)
ceiling fan means a small-diameter ceiling
fan that has a represented value of blade edge
thickness, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(iii), greater than or equal to 3.2
mm and a maximum represented value of tip
speed, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(v), less than or equal to the
applicable limit specified in the table in this
definition.
LOW-SPEED SMALL-DIAMETER CEILING FAN BLADE AND TIP SPEED CRITERIA
Thickness (t) of edges of blades
Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction
Mm
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Reversible ................................................................................
Reversible ................................................................................
1.15. Multi-head ceiling fan means a
ceiling fan with more than one fan head, i.e.,
more than one set of rotating fan blades.
1.16. Multi-mount ceiling fan means a lowspeed small-diameter ceiling fan that can be
mounted in the configurations associated
with both the standard and hugger ceiling
fans.
1.17. Oscillating ceiling fan means a ceiling
fan containing one or more fan heads for
which the axis of rotation of the fan blades
cannot remain in a fixed position relative to
the ceiling. Such fans have no inherent
means by which to disable the oscillating
function separate from the fan blade rotation.
1.18. Small-diameter ceiling fan means a
ceiling fan that has a represented value of
blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), less than or equal to seven
feet.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:33 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
4.8 > t ≥ 3.2
t ≥ 4.8
Inch
⁄
3 16
> t ≥ 1⁄8
t ≥ 3⁄16
1.19. Standard ceiling fan means a lowspeed small-diameter ceiling fan that is not
a very-small-diameter ceiling fan, highlydecorative ceiling fan or belt-driven ceiling
fan, and for which the represented value of
the distance between the ceiling and the
lowest point on the fan blades, as determined
in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iv), is greater than 10
inches.
1.20. Total airflow means the sum of the
product of airflow and hours of operation at
all tested speeds. For multi-head fans, this
includes the airflow from all fan heads.
1.21. Very-small-diameter (VSD) ceiling
fan means a small-diameter ceiling fan that
is not a highly-decorative ceiling fan or beltdriven ceiling fan; and has one or more fan
heads, each of which has a represented value
of blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), of 18 inches or less. Only VSD
fans that also meet the definition of an LSSD
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
m/s
feet per minute
12.2
16.3
2,400
3,200
fan are required to be tested for purposes of
determining compliance with energy
efficiency standards established by DOE and
for other representations of energy efficiency.
2. Scope:
The provisions in this appendix apply to
ceiling fans except:
(1) Ceiling fans where the plane of rotation
of a ceiling fan’s blades is not less than or
equal to 45 degrees from horizontal, or
cannot be adjusted based on the
manufacturer’s specifications to be less than
or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal;
(2) Centrifugal ceiling fans;
(3) Belt-driven ceiling fans that are not
high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans; and
(4) Oscillating ceiling fans.
3. General Instructions, Test Apparatus,
and Test Measurement:
The test apparatus and test measurement
used to determine energy performance
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50426
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
depend on the ceiling fan’s blade span, and
in some cases the ceiling fan’s blade edge
thickness. For each tested ceiling fan,
measure the lateral distance from the center
of the axis of rotation of the fan blades to the
furthest fan blade edge from the center of the
axis of rotation. Measure this lateral distance
at the resolution of the measurement
instrument, using an instrument with a
measurement resolution of least 0.25 inches.
Multiply the lateral distance by two and then
round to the nearest whole inch to determine
the blade span. For ceiling fans having a
blade span greater than 18 inches and less
than or equal to 84 inches, measure the
ceiling fan’s blade edge thickness. To
measure the fan blade edge thickness, use an
instrument with a measurement resolution of
at least 0.001 inch and measure the thickness
of one fan blade’s leading edge (in the
forward direction) according to the following:
(1) Locate the cross-section perpendicular
to the fan blade’s radial length that is at least
one inch from the tip of the fan blade and
for which the blade is thinnest, and
(2) Measure at the thickest point of that
cross-section within one inch from the
leading edge of the fan blade.
See Figure 1 of this appendix for an
instructional schematic on the fan blade edge
thickness measurement. Figure 1 depicts a
ceiling fan from above. Round the measured
blade edge thickness to the nearest 0.01 inch.
*
the definition of a standard fan that
minimizes the distance between the ceiling
and the lowest point of the fan blades and the
configuration associated with the definition
of a hugger fan that minimizes the distance
between the ceiling and the lowest point of
the fan blades. For all tested configurations,
measure the distance between the ceiling and
the lowest point of the fan blade using an
instrument with a measurement resolution of
at least 0.25 inches. Round the measured
distance from the ceiling to the lowest point
of the fan blade to the nearest quarter inch.
*
*
*
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00032
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
*
*
*
*
*
(4) A single rotating sensor arm, two
rotating sensor arms, or four fixed sensor
arms can be used to take air velocity
measurements along four axes, labeled A–D.
Axes A, B, C, and D are at 0, 90, 180, and
270 degree positions. Axes A–D must be
perpendicular to the four walls of the room.
See Figure 2 of this appendix.
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.007</GPH>
*
3.2.2. Equipment Set-up.
(1) Make sure the transformer power is off.
Hang the ceiling fan to be tested directly from
the ceiling, according to the manufacturer’s
installation instructions. Hang all non-multimount ceiling fans in the fan configuration
that minimizes the distance between the
ceiling and the lowest point of the fan blades.
Hang and test multi-mount fans in two
configurations: The configuration associated
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
*
*
*
*
(6) Place the sensors at intervals of 4 ±
0.0625 inches along a sensor arm, starting
with the first sensor at the point where the
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
*
*
*
*
*
3.2.3. Multi-Head Ceiling Fan Test Set-Up.
Hang a multi-headed ceiling fan from the
ceiling such that one of the ceiling fan heads
is centered directly over sensor 1 (i.e., at the
intersection of axes A, B, C, and D). The
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
four axes intersect, aligning the sensors
perpendicular to the direction of airflow. Do
not touch the actual sensor prior to testing.
Use enough sensors to record air delivery
within a circle 8 inches larger in diameter
than the blade span of the ceiling fan being
tested. The experimental set-up is shown in
Figure 3 of this appendix.
distance between the lowest point any of the
fan blades of the centered fan head can reach
and the air velocity sensors is to be such that
it is the same as for all other small-diameter
ceiling fans (see Figure 3 of this appendix).
If the multi-head ceiling fan has an
oscillating function (i.e., the fan heads
change their axis of rotation relative to the
ceiling) that can be switched off, switch it off
prior to taking air velocity measurements. If
any multi-head fan does not come with the
blades preinstalled, install fan blades only on
the fan head that will be directly centered
over the intersection of the sensor axes. (Even
if the fan heads in a multi-head ceiling fan
would typically oscillate when the blades are
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.009</GPH>
*
50427
ER16AU22.008</GPH>
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
50428
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
installed on all fan heads, the ceiling fan is
subject to this test procedure if the centered
fan head does not oscillate when it is the
only fan head with the blades installed.) If
the fan blades are preinstalled on all fan
heads, measure air velocity in accordance
with section 3.3 of this appendix except turn
on only the centered fan head. Take the
power consumption measurements
separately, with the fan blades installed on
all fan heads and with any oscillating
function, if present, switched on.
*
*
*
*
*
3.3.1 Test conditions to be followed when
testing:
(8) Measure power input at a point that
includes all power-consuming components of
the ceiling fan (but without any attached
light kit energized; or without any additional
accessory or feature energized, if possible;
and if not, with the additional accessory or
feature set at the lowest energy-consuming
mode). If the ceiling fan is offered with a
default controller, test using the default
controller. If multiple controllers are offered,
test using the minimally functional
controller.
*
*
*
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
(iii) The test voltage shall not vary by more
than ±1% during the tests.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
(3) If present, any additional accessories or
features sold with the ceiling fan that do not
relate to the ceiling fan’s ability to create
airflow by rotation of the fan blades (for
example light kit, heater, air ionization,
ultraviolet technology) is to be installed but
turned off during testing. If such an accessory
or feature cannot be turned off, it shall be set
to the lowest energy-consuming mode during
testing. If the ceiling fan is offered with a
default controller, test using the default
controller. If multiple controllers are offered,
test using the minimally functional
controller.
(4) If present, turn off any oscillating
function causing the axis of rotation of the
fan head(s) to change relative to the ceiling
during operation prior to taking air velocity
measurements. Turn on any oscillating
function prior to taking power
measurements.
(5) Test ceiling fans rated for operation
with only a single- or multi-phase power
supply with single- or multi-phase
electricity, respectively. Test ceiling fans
capable of operating with single- and multiphase electricity with single-phase
electricity. DOE will allow manufacturers of
ceiling fans capable of operating with singleand multi-phase electricity to test such fans
with single-phase power and make
representations of efficiency associated with
both single and multi-phase electricity if a
manufacturer desires to do so, but the test
results in the multi-phase configuration will
not be valid to assess compliance with any
amended energy conservation standard. All
tested power supply should be at 60 Hz.
(6) The supply voltage shall be:
(i) for ceiling fans tested with single-phase
electricity, the supply voltage shall be:
(a) 120 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 120 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 120 V,
(b) 240 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or
(c) The ceiling fan’s minimum rated
voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the
mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
(ii) for ceiling fans tested with multi-phase
electricity, the supply voltage shall be:
(a) 240 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or
(b) The ceiling fan’s minimum rated
voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the
mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
*
*
*
*
3.3.2 Air Velocity and Power
Consumption Testing Procedure:
Measure the air velocity (FPM) and power
consumption (W) for HSSD ceiling fans until
stable measurements are achieved, measuring
at high speed only. Measure the air velocity
and power consumption for LSSD and VSD
ceiling fans that also meet the definition of
an LSSD fan until stable measurements are
achieved, measuring first at low speed and
then at high speed. To determine low speed,
start measurements at the lowest available
speed and move to the next highest speed
until the low speed definition in section 1.13
of this appendix is met. Air velocity and
power consumption measurements are
considered stable for high speed if:
(1) The average air velocity for each sensor
varies by less than 5 percent or 2 FPM,
whichever is greater, compared to the average
air velocity measured for that same sensor in
a successive set of air velocity measurements,
and
(2) Average power consumption varies by
less than 1 percent in a successive set of
power consumption measurements.
(a) Air velocity and power consumption
measurements are considered stable for low
speed if:
(1) The average air velocity for each sensor
varies by less than 10 percent or 2 FPM,
whichever is greater, compared to the average
air velocity measured for that same sensor in
a successive set of air velocity measurements,
and
(2) Average power consumption varies by
less than 1 percent in a successive set of
power consumption measurements.
(b) These stability criteria are applied
differently to ceiling fans with airflow not
directly downward. See section 3.3.3 of this
appendix.
Step 1: Set the first sensor arm (if using
four fixed arms), two sensor arm (if using a
two-arm rotating setup), or single sensor arm
(if using a single-arm rotating setup) to the
0 degree Position (Axis A). If necessary, use
a marking as reference. If using a single-arm
rotating setup or two-arm rotating setup,
adjust the sensor arm alignment until it is at
the 0 degree position by remotely controlling
the antenna rotator.
Step 2: Set software up to read and record
air velocity, expressed in feet per minute
(FPM) in 1 second intervals. (Temperature
does not need to be recorded in 1 second
intervals.) Record current barometric
pressure.
Step 3: Allow test fan to run 15 minutes
at rated voltage and at high speed if the
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
ceiling fan is an HSSD ceiling fan. If the
ceiling fan is an LSSD or VSD ceiling fan that
also meets the definition of an LSSD fan,
allow the test fan to run 15 minutes at the
rated voltage and at the lowest available
ceiling fan speed. Turn off all forced-air
environmental conditioning equipment
entering the chamber (e.g., air conditioning),
close all doors and vents, and wait an
additional 3 minutes prior to starting test
session.
Step 4a: For a rotating sensor arm: Begin
recording readings. Starting with Axis A, take
100 air velocity readings (100 seconds runtime) and record these data. For all fans
except multi-head fans and fans capable of
oscillating, also measure power during the
interval that air velocity measurements are
taken. Record the average value of the air
velocity readings for each sensor in feet per
minute (FPM). Determine if the readings
meet the low speed definition as defined in
section 1.13 of this appendix. If not, restart
Step 4a at the next highest speed until the
low-speed definition is met. Once the low
speed definition is met, rotate the arm,
stabilize the arm, and allow 30 seconds to
allow the arm to stop oscillating. Repeat data
recording and rotation process for Axes B, C,
and D. Step 4a is complete when the readings
for all axes meet the low speed definition at
the same speed. Save the data for all axes
only for those measurements that meet the
low speed definition. Using the
measurements applicable to low speed,
record the average value of the power
measurement in watts (W) (400 readings).
Record the average value of the air velocity
readings for each sensor in feet per minute
(FPM) (400 readings).
Step 4b: For a two-arm rotating setup:
Begin recording readings. Starting with Axes
A and C, take 100 air velocity readings (100
seconds run-time) for both axes and record
these data. For all fans except multi-head
fans and fans capable of oscillating, also
measure power during the interval that air
velocity measurements are taken. Record the
average value of the air velocity readings for
each sensor in feet per minute (FPM).
Determine if the readings meet the low speed
definition as defined in section 1.13 of this
appendix. If not, restart Step 4b at the next
highest speed until the low speed definition
is met. Once the low speed definition is met,
rotate the two-arm, stabilize the arm, and
allow 30 seconds to allow the arm to stop
oscillating. Repeat data recording for Axes B
and D. Step 4b is complete when the readings
for all axes meet the low speed definition at
the same speed. Save the data for all axes
only for those measurements that meet the
low speed definition. Using the
measurements applicable to low speed,
record the average value of the power
measurement in watts (W) (200 readings).
Record the average value of the air velocity
readings for each sensor in feet per minute
(FPM) (200 readings).
Step 4c: For four fixed sensor arms: Begin
recording readings. Take 100 air velocity
readings (100 seconds run-time) and record
this data. Take the readings for all sensor
arms (Axes A, B, C, and D) simultaneously.
For all fans except multi-head fans and fans
capable of oscillating, also measure power
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
50429
during the interval that air velocity
measurements are taken. Record the average
value of the air velocity readings for each
sensor in feet per minute (FPM). Determine
if the readings meet the low speed definition
as defined in section 1.13 of this appendix.
If not, restart Step 4c at the next highest
speed until the low speed definition is met.
Step 4c is complete when the readings for all
axes meet the low speed definition at the
same speed. Save the data for all axes only
for those measurements that meet the low
speed definition. Using the measurements
applicable to low speed, record the average
value of the power measurement in watts (W)
(100 readings). Record the average value of
the air velocity readings for each sensor in
feet per minute (FPM) (100 readings).
Step 5: Repeat step 4a, 4b or 4c until stable
measurements are achieved.
Step 6: Repeat steps 1 through 5 above on
high speed for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans
that also meet the definition of an LSSD fan.
Note: Ensure that temperature and humidity
readings are maintained within the required
tolerances for the duration of the test (all
tested speeds). Forced-air environmental
conditioning equipment may be used and
doors and vents may be opened between test
sessions to maintain environmental
conditions.
Step 7: If testing a multi-mount ceiling fan,
repeat steps 1 through 6 with the ceiling fan
in the ceiling fan configuration (associated
with either hugger or standard ceiling fans)
not already tested.
If a multi-head ceiling fan includes more
than one category of ceiling fan head, then
test at least one of each unique category. A
fan head with different construction that
could affect air movement or power
consumption, such as housing, blade pitch,
or motor, would constitute a different
category of fan head.
Step 8: For multi-head ceiling fans,
measure active (real) power consumption in
all phases simultaneously at each speed
continuously for 100 seconds with all fan
heads turned on, and record the average
value at each speed in watts (W).
For ceiling fans with an oscillating
function, measure active (real) power
consumption in all phases simultaneously at
each speed continuously for 100 seconds
with the oscillating function turned on.
Record the average value of the power
measurement in watts (W).
For both multi-head ceiling fans and fans
with an oscillating function, repeat power
consumption measurement until stable
power measurements are achieved.
3.3.3 Air Velocity Measurements for
Ceiling Fans with Airflow Not Directly
Downward:
Using the number of sensors that cover the
same diameter as if the airflow were directly
downward, record air velocity at each speed
from the same number of continuous sensors
with the largest air velocity measurements.
This continuous set of sensors must be along
the axis that the ceiling fan tilt is directed in
(and along the axis that is 180 degrees from
the first axis). For example, a 42-inch fan
tilted toward axis A may create the pattern
of air velocity shown in Figure 4 of this
appendix. As shown in Table 1 of this
appendix, a 42-inch fan would normally
require 7 active sensors per axis. However,
because the fan is not directed downward, all
sensors must record data. In this case,
because the set of sensors corresponding to
maximum air velocity are centered 3 sensor
positions away from the sensor 1 along the
A axis, substitute the air velocity at A axis
sensor 4 for the average air velocity at sensor
1. Take the average of the air velocity at A
axis sensors 3 and 5 as a substitute for the
average air velocity at sensor 2, take the
average of the air velocity at A axis sensors
2 and 6 as a substitute for the average air
velocity at sensor 3, etc. Lastly, take the
average of the air velocities at A axis sensor
10 and C axis sensor 4 as a substitute for the
average air velocity at sensor 7. Stability
criteria apply after these substitutions. For
example, air velocity stability at sensor 7 are
determined based on the average of average
air velocity at A axis sensor 10 and C axis
sensor 4 in successive measurements. Any air
velocity measurements made along the B–D
axis are not included in the calculation of
average air velocity.
3.4 Test apparatus for large-diameter
ceiling fans and high-speed belt-driven
ceiling fans:
The test apparatus and instructions for
testing large-diameter ceiling fans and HSBD
ceiling fans must conform to the
requirements specified in Sections 3 through
7 (including Test Figure 1) of AMCA 230–15,
with the following modifications:
3.4.1. A ‘‘ceiling fan’’ is defined as in 10
CFR 430.2.
3.4.2. Test ceiling fans rated for operation
with only a single- or multi-phase power
supply with single- or multi-phase
electricity, respectively. Test ceiling fans
capable of operating with single- and multiphase electricity with multi-phase electricity.
DOE will allow manufacturers of ceiling fans
capable of operating with single- and multiphase electricity to test such fans with singlephase power and make representations of
efficiency associated with both single and
multi-phase electricity if a manufacturer
desires to do so, but the test results in the
single-phase configuration will not be valid
to assess compliance with any amended
energy conservation standard. All tested
power supply should be at 60 Hz.
3.4.3. Supply Voltage:
(1) For ceiling fans tested with single-phase
electricity, the supply voltage shall be:
(a) 120 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 120 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 120 V,
(b) 240 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or
(c) The ceiling fan’s minimum rated
voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the
mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
(2) For ceiling fans tested with multi-phase
electricity, the supply voltage shall be:
(a) 240 V if the ceiling fan’s minimum
rated voltage is 240 V or the lowest rated
voltage range contains 240 V, or
(b) The ceiling fan’s minimum rated
voltage (if a voltage range is not given) or the
mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.010</GPH>
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
3.5 Active mode test measurement for
large-diameter ceiling fans and high-speed
belt-driven ceiling fans:
(1) Test large-diameter ceiling fans and
high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans in
accordance with AMCA 208–18, in all phases
simultaneously at:
(a) High speed, and
(b) 40 percent or the nearest speed that is
not less than 40 percent speed.
(2) When testing at 40 percent speed for
large-diameter ceiling fans that can operate
over an infinite number of speeds (e.g.,
ceiling fans with VFDs), ensure the average
measured RPM is within the greater of 1
percent of the average RPM at high speed or
1 RPM. For example, if the average measured
RPM at high speed is 50 RPM, for testing at
40 percent speed, the average measured RPM
should be between 19 RPM and 21 RPM. If
the average measured RPM falls outside of
this tolerance, adjust the ceiling fan speed
and repeat the test. Calculate the airflow and
measure the active (real) power consumption
in all phases simultaneously in accordance
with the test requirements specified in
Sections 8 and 9, AMCA 230–15, with the
following modifications:
3.5.1 Measure active (real) power
consumption in all phases simultaneously at
a point that includes all power-consuming
components of the ceiling fan. If present, any
additional accessories or features sold with
the ceiling fan that do not relate to the ceiling
fan’s ability to create airflow by rotation of
the fan blades (for example light kit, heater,
air ionization, ultraviolet technology) are to
be installed but turned off during testing. If
the accessory/feature cannot be turned off, it
shall be set to the lowest energy-consuming
mode during testing. If the ceiling fan is
offered with a default controller, test using
the default controller. If multiple controllers
are offered, test using the minimally
functional controller.
(2) Measure standby power consumption
after completion of active mode testing and
after the active mode functionality has been
switched off (i.e., the rotation of the ceiling
fan blades is no longer energized). The
ceiling fan must remain connected to the
main power supply and be in the same
configuration as in active mode (i.e., any
ceiling fan light fixture should still be
attached). Measure standby power
consumption according to Sections 4.3.1,
4.3.2, 4.4, and 5.3.1 through 5.3.2, of IEC
62301 with the following modifications:
*
4. Calculation of Ceiling Fan Efficiency
From the Test Results:
4.1 Calculation of effective area for smalldiameter ceiling fans other than high-speed
belt-driven ceiling fans:
Calculate the effective area corresponding
to each sensor used in the test method for
small-diameter ceiling fans other than highspeed belt-driven ceiling fans (section 3.3 of
this appendix) with the following equations:
(1) For sensor 1, the sensor located directly
underneath the center of the ceiling fan, the
effective width of the circle is 2 inches, and
the effective area is:
(2) For the sensors between sensor 1 and
the last sensor used in the measurement, the
effective area has a width of 4 inches. If a
sensor is a distance d, in inches, from sensor
1, then the effective area is:
(3) For the last sensor, the width of the
effective area depends on the horizontal
displacement between the last sensor and the
point on the ceiling fan blades furthest
radially from the center of the fan. The total
area included in an airflow calculation is the
area of a circle 8 inches larger in diameter
than the ceiling fan blade span (as specified
in section 3 of this appendix).
Therefore, for example, for a 42-inch
ceiling fan, the last sensor is 3 inches beyond
the end of the ceiling fan blades. Because
only the area within 4 inches of the end of
the ceiling fan blades is included in the
airflow calculation, the effective width of the
circle corresponding to the last sensor would
be 3 inches. The calculation for the effective
area corresponding to the last sensor would
then be:
LSSD, and VSD ceiling fans, multiply the
overall average air velocity at each sensor
position from section 3.3 (for high speed for
HSSD, LSSD, and VSD ceiling fans that also
meet the definition of an LSSD ceiling fan;
and repeated for low speed only for LSSD
and VSD ceiling fans that also meet the
definition of an LSSD ceiling fan) by that
sensor’s effective area (see section 4.1 of this
appendix), and then sum the products to
obtain the overall calculated airflow at the
tested speed.
For each speed, using the overall
calculated airflow and the overall average
power consumption measurements from the
successive sets of measurements as follows:
*
*
*
*
3.6 Test measurement for standby power
consumption.
(1) Measure standby power consumption if
the ceiling fan offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective
functions:
(a) The ability to facilitate the activation or
deactivation of other functions (including
active mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer.
(b) Continuous functions, including
information or status displays (including
clocks), or sensor-based functions.
*
*
*
*
*
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
ER16AU22.014</GPH>
PO 00000
Frm 00036
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4700
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.013</GPH>
4.2 Calculation of airflow and efficiency
for small-diameter ceiling fans other than
high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans:
Calculate fan airflow using the overall
average of both sets of air velocity
measurements at each sensor position from
the successive sets of measurements that
meet the stability criteria from section 3.3 of
this appendix. To calculate airflow for HSSD,
ER16AU22.012</GPH>
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
For a 46-inch ceiling fan, the effective area
of the last sensor would have a width of 5
inches, and the effective area would be:
ER16AU22.011</GPH>
50430
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 / Rules and Regulations
Where:
CFMi = airflow at speed i,
OHi = operating hours at speed i, as specified
in Table 2 of this appendix,
Wi = power consumption at speed i,
OHSb = operating hours in standby mode, as
specified in Table 2 of this appendix,
and
WSb = power consumption in standby mode.
Calculate two ceiling fan efficiencies for
multi-mount ceiling fans: One efficiency
50431
corresponds to the ceiling fan mounted in the
configuration associated with the definition
of a hugger ceiling fan, and the other
efficiency corresponds to the ceiling fan
mounted in the configuration associated with
the definition of a standard ceiling fan.
TABLE 2 TO APPENDIX U TO SUBPART B OF PART 430: DAILY OPERATING HOURS FOR CALCULATING CEILING FAN
EFFICIENCY
No standby
With standby
Daily Operating Hours for LSSD and VSD * Ceiling Fans
High Speed ..............................................................................................................................................................
Low Speed ...............................................................................................................................................................
Standby Mode ..........................................................................................................................................................
Off Mode ..................................................................................................................................................................
3.4
3.0
0.0
17.6
3.4
3.0
17.6
0.0
12.0
0.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
0.0
Daily Operating Hours for HSSD Ceiling Fans
High Speed ..............................................................................................................................................................
Standby Mode ..........................................................................................................................................................
Off Mode ..................................................................................................................................................................
4.3 Calculation of airflow and efficiency
for multi-head ceiling fans:
Calculate airflow for each fan head using
the method described in section 4.2 of this
appendix. To calculate overall airflow at a
given speed for a multi-head ceiling fan, sum
the airflow for each fan head included in the
ceiling fan (a single airflow can be applied
to each of the identical fan heads, but at least
one of each unique fan head must be tested).
The power consumption is the measured
power consumption with all fan heads on.
Using the airflow as described in this section,
and power consumption measurements from
section 3.3 of this appendix, calculate ceiling
fan efficiency for a multi-head ceiling fan as
follows:
Where:
CFMi = sum of airflows for each head at
speed i,
OHi = operating hours at speed i as specified
in Table 2 of this appendix,
Wi = power consumption at speed i,
OHSb = operating hours in standby mode as
specified in Table 2 of this appendix,
and
WSb = power consumption in standby mode.
5. Calculation of Ceiling Fan Energy Index
(CFEI) From the Test Results for Large
Diameter Ceiling Fan and High-Speed BeltDriven Ceiling Fans:
Calculate CFEI, which is the FEI for largediameter ceiling fans and high-speed beltdriven ceiling fans, at the speeds specified in
section 3.5 of this appendix according to
AMCA 208–18, with the following
modifications:
(1) Using an Airflow Constant (Q0) of
26,500 cubic feet per minute;
(2) Using a Pressure Constant (P0) of 0.0027
inches water gauge; and
(3) Using a Fan Efficiency Constant (h0) of
42 percent.
[FR Doc. 2022–16951 Filed 8–15–22; 8:45 am]
ER16AU22.016</GPH>
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
VerDate Sep<11>2014
19:18 Aug 15, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00037
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 9990
E:\FR\FM\16AUR2.SGM
16AUR2
ER16AU22.015</GPH>
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES2
* These values apply only to VSD fans that also meet the definition of an LSSD fan.
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 157 (Tuesday, August 16, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 50396-50431]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-16951]
[[Page 50395]]
Vol. 87
Tuesday,
No. 157
August 16, 2022
Part II
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Ceiling Fans; Final
Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 157 / Tuesday, August 16, 2022 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 50396]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050]
RIN 1904-AD88
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Ceiling Fans
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') is amending the test
procedures for ceiling fans to include a definition for ``circulating
air'' for the purpose of the ceiling fan definition; include ceiling
fans greater than 24 feet within the scope of the test procedure;
include certain belt-driven ceiling fans within the scope of the test
procedure; specify that certain very small-diameter ceiling fans are
not required to be tested; maintain applicability of the standby power
test procedure to large-diameter ceiling fans; specify instructions for
testing ceiling fans with certain accessories or features; clarify test
voltage for large-diameter ceiling fans; amend the low speed definition
and increase low speed tolerance for stability criteria; permit an
alternate set-up to collect air velocity test data and provide greater
specificity regarding sensor orientation; amend the blade thickness
measurement requirement; update instrument measurement resolution,
represented values, rounding instructions, and enforcement provisions;
and codify current guidance on calculating several values reported on
the EnergyGuide label. DOE is also updating references to an industry
test standard to reference the latest version.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is September 15, 2022. The final
rule changes will be mandatory for product testing starting February
13, 2023. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in
this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of
September 15, 2022. The incorporation by reference of certain other
material listed in this rule was approved by the Director of the
Federal Register as of August 24, 2016 and May 27, 2021.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, webinar
attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov.
All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov
index. However, some documents listed in the index, such as those
containing information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not
be publicly available.
A link to the docket web page can be found at regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050. The docket web page contains instructions
on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the
docket.
For further information on how to review the docket contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by
email: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-9870. Email [email protected].
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2588. Email:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE incorporates by reference the following
industry standards into part 430: ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15 (``AMCA
230-15''), ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air Circulating Fans for
Rating and Certification'', ANSI-approved October 16, 2015, including
AMCA 230-15 Technical Errata 2021-05-05, ``Technical Errata Sheet for
ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15: Density Corrections'', dated May 5, 2021.
IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby
power, (Edition 2.0, 2011-01).
DOE maintains previously approved incorporation by reference in
part 430: ANSI/AMCA Standard 208-18 (``AMCA 208-18''), Calculation of
the Fan Energy Index, ANSI approved January 24, 2018, IBR approved for
appendix U to this subpart.
Copies of the AMCA standards are available from Air Movement and
Control Association International, Inc. (AMCA), 30 West University
Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, (847) 394-0150, or by going to
www.amca.org/store.
Copies of the IEC standard are available from International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 Rue de Varembe, Case Postale 131,
1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, https://webstore.iec.ch/ and from the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W 43rd Street, 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, webstore.ansi.org. For a
further discussion of this standard, see section IV.N of this document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
1. Scope of Ceiling Fan Product Coverage
2. Scope of Ceiling Fan Test Procedure
B. Standards Incorporated by Reference
C. Efficiency Metric for Small-Diameter Ceiling Fans
D. Standby Power Test Procedure for Large-Diameter and High-
Speed Belt-Driven Ceiling Fans
E. Specifications for Ceiling Fans With Accessories
F. Ceiling Fan Test Voltage
G. Low Speed Definition
H. Alternate Stability Criteria for Average Air Velocity
Measurements
I. Sensor Arm Setup
J. Air Velocity Sensor Mounting Angle
K. Instructions To Measure Blade Thickness
L. Instrument Measurement Resolution
M. Certification, Represented Value, and Rounding Requirements
N. Product-Specific Enforcement Provisions
O. Calculation Methodology for Values Reported on the
EnergyGuide Label
1. Airflow Efficiency
2. Airflow
3. Energy Use
4. Estimated Yearly Energy Cost
P. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
1. Cost Impacts for the Scope Related Amendments
2. Cost Impacts for Stability Criteria
3. Cost Impacts for Low Speed Definition
4. Cost Impacts for Other Test Procedure Amendments
Q. Effective and Compliance Dates
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866 and 13563
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
[[Page 50397]]
I. Authority and Background
DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation
standards and test procedures for ceiling fans. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(16)(A)(i) and (B), and 42 U.S.C. 6295(ff)) DOE's energy
conservation standards and test procedures for ceiling fans are
currently prescribed at title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(``CFR''), part 430 section 32(s)(1) and (2), 10 CFR part 430 section
23(w), and 10 CFR part 430 subpart B appendix U (``appendix U''),
respectively. The following sections discuss DOE's authority to
establish test procedures for ceiling fans and relevant background
information regarding DOE's consideration of test procedures for this
product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part B \2\ of EPCA established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles, which sets forth
a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. These
products include ceiling fans, the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6291(49), 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i) and (B), and 42 U.S.C. 6295(ff))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020), which reflect the last statutory amendments that impact
Parts A and A-1 of EPCA.
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was redesignated Part A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA specifically include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6291),
test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296).
The testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis for (1)
certifying to DOE that their products comply with the applicable energy
conservation standards adopted under EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2)
making other representations about the efficiency of those products (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these test procedures to
determine whether the products comply with any relevant standards
promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for
particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures
and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section shall be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle (as determined by the Secretary) or period of use and shall not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
With respect to ceiling fans, EPCA requires that test procedures be
based on the ``Energy Star Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a
Testing Facility and Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY
STAR Qualified Ceiling Fans, Version 1.1'' published by the
Environmental Protection Agency, and that the Secretary may review and
revise the test procedures established. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(16)(A)(i)
and (B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered product, including ceiling
fans, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A) and (b)(3))
If the Secretary determines, on her own behalf or in response to a
petition by any interested person, that a test procedure should be
prescribed or amended, the Secretary shall promptly publish in the
Federal Register proposed test procedures and afford interested persons
an opportunity to present oral and written data, views, and arguments
with respect to such procedures. The comment period on a proposed rule
to amend a test procedure shall be at least 60 days and may not exceed
270 days. In prescribing or amending a test procedure, the Secretary
shall take into account such information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including technological developments
relating to energy use or energy efficiency of the type (or class) of
covered products involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)). If DOE determines
that test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its
determination not to amend the test procedures. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A)(ii))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE amend its test procedures for
all covered products to integrate measures of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption into the overall energy efficiency, energy
consumption, or other energy descriptor, unless the current test
procedure already incorporates the standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, or if such integration is technically infeasible. (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) If an integrated test procedure is technically
infeasible, DOE must prescribe separate standby mode and off mode
energy use test procedures for the covered product, if a separate test
is technically feasible. (Id.) Any such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the IEC Standard 62301 \3\ and IEC Standard
62087 \4\ as applicable. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances--Measurement of
standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011-01).
\4\ IEC 62087, Audio, video and related equipment--Methods of
measurement for power consumption (Edition 1.0, Parts 1-6: 2015,
Part 7: 2018).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is publishing this final rule in satisfaction of the 7-year
review requirement specified in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE's existing test procedures for ceiling fans appear
at appendix U. On September 30, 2019, DOE published a notice of
proposed rulemaking (``NOPR'') proposing amendments to the test
procedure addressing questions received from interested parties. 84 FR
51440. (``September 2019 NOPR'') In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to interpret the term ``suspended from a ceiling'' in the EPCA
definition of ceiling fan to mean offered for mounting only on a
ceiling; specify that very small-diameter (``VSD'') ceiling fans that
do not also meet the definition of low-speed small-diameter (``LSSD'')
ceiling fan are not required to be tested pursuant to the DOE test
method; for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, increase the tolerance for the
stability criteria for the average air velocity measurements
[[Page 50398]]
during low speed tests; specify that large-diameter ceiling fans with
blade spans greater than 24 feet do not need to be tested pursuant to
the DOE test method; codify current guidance on calculating several
values reported on the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's (``FTC'')
EnergyGuide label for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans; and amend
certification requirements and product-specific enforcement provisions
to reflect the current test procedures and recently amended energy
conservation standards for ceiling fans. 84 FR 51440, 51442.
Additionally, on October 17, 2019, DOE hosted a public meeting to
present the September 2019 NOPR proposals.
DOE, with the support of the American Lighting Association
(``ALA''), conducted a round robin test program for ceiling fans to
observe laboratory setups and test practices, evaluate within-
laboratory variation (i.e., repeatability) and assess between-
laboratory consistency (i.e., reproducibility). Round robin testing was
conducted from January 2019 to April 2020. Six test laboratories
participated in the round robin, representing both manufacturer
laboratories and third-party laboratories. Four laboratories were
located in North America, and two were located in China. ALA and
ceiling fan manufacturers supplied two samples each of five ceiling fan
models (for a total of 10 test samples). The laboratories were
instructed to test according to appendix U. DOE representatives were
present during all testing to observe test setups and practices used in
a variety of labs. The round robin test report has been separately
published in the docket.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The docketed round robin report can be found in the
rulemaking Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050. www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On May 27, 2021, DOE published a final rule to amend the current
regulations for large-diameter ceiling fans to implement technical
amendments corresponding with provisions enacted by Congress through
the Energy Act of 2020. 86 FR 28469 (``May 2021 Technical Amendment'')
Specifically, section 1008 of the Energy Act of 2020 amended section
325(ff)(6) of EPCA to specify that large-diameter ceiling fans
manufactured on or after January 21, 2020, are not required to meet
minimum ceiling fan efficiency requirements in terms of the ratio of
the total airflow to the total power consumption as established in a
final rule published January 19, 2017 (82 FR 6826; ``January 2017 Final
Rule''), and instead are required to meet specified minimum efficiency
requirements based on the Ceiling Fan Energy Index (``CFEI'') metric.
86 FR 28469, 28469-28470. The May 2021 Technical Amendment also
implemented conforming amendments to the ceiling fan test procedure to
ensure consistency with the Energy Act of 2020. 86 FR 28469, 28470.
On December 7, 2021, DOE published a supplemental NOPR (``SNOPR'')
to present modifications to certain proposals presented in the
September 2019 NOPR, and to propose additional amendments based on
round robin testing. 86 FR 69544 (``December 2021 SNOPR'') In the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE addressed a subset of comments received in
response to the September 2019 NOPR that were relevant to the SNOPR. 86
FR 69544, 69546.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to include a definition
for ``circulating air'' for the purpose of the ceiling fan definition,
include ceiling fans greater than 24 feet in the scope, include certain
belt-driven ceiling fans within scope, include a standby metric for
large-diameter ceiling fans, amend the low speed definition, permit an
alternate set-up to collect air velocity test data, amend certain set-
up and operation specifications, amend the blade thickness measurement
requirement, and update product-specific rounding and enforcement
provisions. 86 FR 69544, 69547. Additionally, on January 11, 2022, DOE
hosted a public webinar to present the December 2021 SNOPR proposals.
DOE received comments in response to the September 2019 NOPR and
December 2021 SNOPR from interested parties listed in Table II.1 of
this document. Table II.1 reflects commenters that provided comments to
the September 2019 NOPR that were not already fully addressed in the
December 2021 SNOPR.
Table II.1--List of Commenters With Written Submissions in Response to the September 2019 NOPR * and December
2021 SNOPR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference in this final Document No.
Commenter(s) rule in docket Commenter type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Movement and Control Association AMCA...................... 33, 43 Trade Association.
International.
American Lighting Association........... ALA....................... 34, 45 Trade Association.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Efficiency Advocates...... 44 Efficiency Organizations.
American Council for an Energy-
Efficient Economy, National Consumer
Law Center, Energy Efficiency Advocate,
New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority, Northwest Energy
Efficiency Alliance.
Big Ass Fans............................ BAF....................... 36 Manufacturer.
Hunter Fan Company...................... Hunter.................... 29 Manufacturer.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San CA IOUs................... 31, 46 Utilities.
Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern
California Edison; collectively, the
California Investor-Owned Utilities.
VES Environmental Solution, Inc......... VES....................... 25, 26 Manufacturer.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The table includes only comments to the September 2019 NOPR that were not already fully addressed in the
December 2021 SNOPR.
To the extent that DOE received comments relating to the energy
conservation standards for ceiling fans, such comments are not
discussed in this final rule as this rulemaking only addresses the test
procedure. These comments will be discussed in the separate energy
conservation standards rulemaking docket (EERE-2021-BT-STD-0011).
A parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or
paraphrase provides the location of the item in the public record.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for ceiling fans. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050,
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The references are
arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number, page
of that document).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 50399]]
ALA and AMCA commented that AMCA 230-15 is currently in the process
of being updated and encouraged DOE to delay finalizing the ceiling
fans test procedure until the updated version of AMCA 230 is published.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 4; AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 1, 5, 10-11) DOE notes that
there is no scheduled date for the finalization of the update to AMCA
230. In light of the 7-year test procedure lookback requirement of EPCA
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)) and the requirement that amended test
procedures that impact measured energy use or efficiency be finalized
at least 180 days prior to the close of the comment period for a NOPR
proposing new or amended energy conservation standards or a notice of
proposed determination that standards do not need to be amended
(appendix A to subpart C of part 430, section (8)(d)(1)), DOE is not
delaying finalization of the ceiling fans test procedure. As discussed
below, DOE is updating the reference to AMCA 230-15 to include the
errata sheet published May 2021.
In response the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter noted that they were
grateful that DOE initiated round robin testing to remedy any issues
with the test procedure. However, they also noted that DOE must be
mindful when exercising enforcement and compliance because the
amendments are being implemented not only before the round robin is
completed, but also before company and independent labs have thoroughly
considered them. (Hunter No. 29 at pp. 1-2) DOE notes that the round
robin has since been completed and the round robin test report has been
separately published in the docket.\7\ Certain company and independent
labs were involved during the round robin testing. Further, DOE also
published the December 2021 SNOPR which provided additional proposals
based on the round robin testing, and additional opportunities for
industry to consider and comment on the proposals. As such, the
amendments in this final rule are based on the proposals in the
September 2019 NOPR and the December 2021 SNOPR. The effective date for
the adopted test procedure amendment will be 30 days after publication
of this final rule in the Federal Register. EPCA prescribes that all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with an amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ The docketed round robin report can be found in the
rulemaking Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050. www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, ALA also encouraged DOE to
conduct future round robin testing within one year of the effective
date of this test procedure rulemaking and future test procedure
updates. ALA also encouraged DOE to take the necessary steps to ensure
that all third-party labs are producing test results within an
acceptable range. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 2) DOE appreciates these comments
and will consider future round robin testing as needed to inform any
future test procedure amendments.
Finally, Mr. Catania (representing himself) commented that state
proceedings on the commercial and industrial fans are moving forward
quickly and asked DOE whether it is considering updating energy
conservation standards in a federal rulemaking following the
finalization of the test procedure. (Catania, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 41) DOE notes that this rulemaking addresses
the test procedure for ceiling fans only. On October 1, 2021, DOE
issued a request for information (``RFI'') seeking comment and
information regarding coverage as part of a separate rulemaking for
fans and blowers.\8\ 86 FR 54412 (``October 2021 RFI''). Further, on
February 8, 2022, DOE issued a request for information seeking comments
and information regarding energy conservation standards for fans and
blowers.\9\ 87 FR 7048. Any discussion on test procedures (and future
rulemaking for energy conservation standards) for fans and blowers will
be addressed through the separate rulemakings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ See Docket No. EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021 at www.regulations.gov.
\9\ See Docket No. EERE-2022-BT-STD-0002 at www.regulations.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE provides amendments as follows:
(1) Specifies that for the purpose of the ceiling fan definition,
``circulating air'' means the discharge of air in an upward or downward
direction. A ceiling fan that has a ratio of fan blade span (in inches)
to maximum rotation rate (in revolutions per minute (``RPM'')) greater
than 0.06 provides circulating air;
(2) Extends the scope of the test procedure to include large
diameter fans with a diameter greater than 24 feet;
(3) Includes certain belt-driven ceiling fans within the scope of
the test procedure;
(4) Maintains that the standby power test procedure is applicable
for large-diameter ceiling fans;
(5) Clarifies test voltage requirements for large-diameter ceiling
fans;
(6) Specifies test procedures for ceiling fans with accessories or
features that do not relate to the ceiling fan's ability to create
airflow by the rotation of the fan blades;
(7) Clarifies that VSD ceiling fans that do not also meet the
definition of LSSD fan are not required to be tested pursuant to the
DOE test method;
(8) Modifies the low-speed definition to ensure that LSSD ceiling
fans (including VSD ceiling fans that also meet the definition of an
LSSD fan) are tested at a more representative low speed rather than the
``lowest available ceiling fan speed'';
(9) Increases the tolerance for the stability criteria for the
average air velocity measurements at low speed for LSSD and VSD ceiling
fans that also meet the definition of an LSSD fan;
(10) Allows use of an alternative procedure for air velocity data
collection that relies on a two-arm sensor arm setup, and requires
setups with arm rotation to stabilize the arm prior to data collection;
(11) Clarifies the alignment of air velocity sensor placement on
the sensor arm(s);
(12) Specifies the instructions to measure blade thickness for LSSD
and HSSD ceiling fan definitions;
(13) Specifies instrument measurement resolution;
(14) Amends represented values, rounding, and enforcement
provisions; and
(15) Codifies in regulation existing guidance on the method for
calculating several values reported on the FTC EnergyGuide label for
LSSD and VSD ceiling fans using results from the ceiling fan test
procedures in appendix U and represented values in 10 CFR part 429;
As discussed, DOE is also updating the reference to AMCA 230-15 to
reference the version that includes the 2021 errata sheet. The adopted
amendments are summarized in Table II.1 of this document compared to
the test procedure provision prior to the amendment, as well as the
reason for the adopted change.
[[Page 50400]]
Table II.1--Summary of Changes in the Amended Test Procedure
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE test procedure prior to amendment Amended test procedure Attribution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Defines ``ceiling fan'' based on EPCA as Defines the term ``circulating air'' for Response to industry
``a nonportable device that is suspended the purpose of the ceiling fan definition comments.
from a ceiling for circulating air via to mean ``the discharge of air in an
the rotation of fan blades.'' upward or downward direction. A ceiling
fan that has a ratio of fan blade span
(in inches) to maximum rotation rate (in
revolutions per minute) greater than 0.06
provides circulating air.''
Excludes large diameter fans with a Includes large diameter fans with a Response to industry
diameter of greater than 24 feet from the diameter of greater than 24 feet in the comments.
test procedure. scope of the test procedure.
Excludes all belt-driven ceiling fans from Includes definitions and test procedures Response to industry
the test procedure. for high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans. comments.
Provides a method of testing only those Specifies that VSD ceiling fans that are Clarification of test
VSD ceiling fans that meet the LSSD not also LSSD ceiling fans are not procedure scope.
ceiling fan definition. required to be tested pursuant to the DOE
test method.
Includes a standby power test procedure, Amends appendix U to include a standby 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)
but no standby power metric, for the power metric for large-diameter ceiling requires test
large-diameter ceiling fan CFEI metric. fans. procedures for all
Prior to the Energy Act of 2020, the products to include
applicable metric for large-diameter standby mode and off
ceiling fans included a measurement of mode energy
standby power. consumption.
Does not include specific instructions on Specifies that accessories or features Improve
how ceiling fan accessories and/or that do not relate to the ceiling fan's representativeness and
features should be incorporated into the ability to create airflow by the rotation reproducibility of the
test procedure. of the fan blades must be installed, but test procedure.
turned off during testing. If such an
accessory or feature cannot be turned
off, it shall be set to the lowest energy-
consuming mode during testing.
Provides potentially ambiguous language Provides clarification for supply voltage Response to stakeholder
for supply voltage specifications for specification. The clarification does not comment.
testing large-diameter ceiling fans. change the original requirement.
Defines ``low speed'' as ``the lowest Defines ``low speed'' by representing the Improve the
available ceiling fan speed, i.e., the proposed definition as a table, repeatability,
fan speed corresponding to the minimum, indicating the number of sensors that reproducibility, and
non-zero, blade RPM.'' must measure greater than 40 feet per representativeness of
minute. the test procedure.
The tolerance for the stability criteria Increases the tolerance for the stability Response to waiver;
for the average air velocity measurements criteria for the average air velocity improve repeatability
for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans at low measurements for LSSD and VSD ceiling of test results.
speed is less than 5 percent. fans at low speed to less than ten 10
percent.
Prescribes either a four-arm or one-arm Adds an alternative two-arm setup to Improve the
sensor setup, for certain fan types. measure air velocity. Further, adds repeatability and
requirement for setups that require arm reproducibility of the
rotation to stabilize the arm to test procedure.
dissipate any residual turbulence prior
to data collection.
Does not explicitly specify air velocity Provides explicit instructions to align Improve the
sensor alignment or acceptance angle. the air velocity sensors perpendicular to repeatability and
the airflow. reproducibility of the
test procedure.
Does not specify how fan blade thickness Adds specification to measure fan blade Improve the
should be measured. thickness in a consistent manner for all repeatability and
fan blade types (including ``rolled- reproducibility of the
edge'' blade designs). test procedure.
Does not include any measurement Updates measurement tolerances for certain Include represented
tolerances for certain parameters and parameters. Also updates represented value and rounding
represented values and associated value calculations and rounding requirements for
rounding requirements. requirements. current standards.
Includes product-specific enforcement Add provisions for verification of Include enforcement
provisions. represented values to be used in the requirements for
context of enforcement of the relevant current standards.
efficiency standards.
Instruction on calculating EnergyGuide Codifies the instructions for calculating Improve ease of use of
label values based on measurements taken EnergyGuide label values in the CFR. the test procedure.
in accordance with appendix U is provided
in a guidance document separate from the
CFR.
Incorporates by reference AMCA 230-15, Updates reference to edition including the Update to industry test
ANSI approved October 16, 2015. errata sheet published June 2021. standard.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has determined that the amendments described in section III and
adopted in this document would not require re-testing for a majority of
ceiling fans. The amendment redefining ``low speed'' may require
retesting for a limited number of LSSD ceiling fans. However, DOE
expects that the amendments would be more reasonably designed to
produce results that are representative of average use at low speed.
Discussion of DOE's actions are addressed in detail in section III of
this document, including test procedure costs and cost savings.
The effective date for the amended test procedures adopted in this
final rule is 30 days after publication of this document in the Federal
Register. Representations of energy use or energy efficiency must be
based on testing in accordance with the amended test procedures
beginning 180 days after the publication of this final rule.
[[Page 50401]]
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
EPCA defines ``ceiling fan'' as ``a nonportable device that is
suspended from a ceiling for circulating air via the rotation of fan
blades.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291(49)) DOE codified the statutory definition in
10 CFR 430.2. In a final rule published July 25, 2016 (``July 2016
Final Rule''), DOE stated that the test procedure applies to any
product meeting this definition, including hugger fans, fans designed
for applications where large airflow volume may be needed, and highly
decorative fans. 81 FR 48619, 48622. DOE stated, however, that
manufacturers were not required to test the following fans according to
the test procedure: belt-driven ceiling fans, centrifugal ceiling fans,
oscillating ceiling fans, and ceiling fans whose blades' plane of
rotation cannot be within 45 degrees of horizontal. Id.
1. Scope of Ceiling Fan Product Coverage
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to clarify its
interpretation of the statutory definition in response to an inquiry
from AMCA regarding the application of the term ``ceiling fan'' to
products known as ``air circulating fan heads'' (``ACFHs'').\10\ 84 FR
51440, 51443. In letters submitted to DOE in May and July of 2019, AMCA
asserted that air circulating fan heads have distinct characteristics
and functions compared to traditional ceiling fans, including that air
circulating fan heads provide concentrated directional airflow as
opposed to circulating air.\11\ (AMCA, No. 23 in both May and July 2019
letters, at p. 1) AMCA recommended that DOE use the physical
characteristics of fan diameter and rotational tip speed or outlet air
speed as a means to distinguish fans that circulate air (as necessary
to meet the statutory definition of ``ceiling fan'') from ACFHs that
provide directional air flow (i.e., fans excluded from the statutory
definition of ``ceiling fan'').\12\ (AMCA, No. 23 in the July 2019
letter at p. 2) Accordingly, in the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
to clarify the definition of ``ceiling fan'' and proposed two alternate
definitions of the term to distinguish a ``ceiling fan'' from other
fans based on the ``non-portable'' element and ``suspended from a
ceiling'' (i.e., ``mounting'') element of the statutory definition. 84
FR 51440, 51444. Specifically, DOE proposed to include within the
definition that for purposes of the definition, the term ``suspended
from a ceiling'' means offered for mounting on a ceiling, and the term
``nonportable'' means not offered for mounting on a surface other than
a ceiling.'' Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ Section 5.1.1 of ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15 (``AMCA 230-
15''), ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air Circulating Fans for
Rating and Certification,'' defines air circulating fan head as ``an
assembly consisting of a motor, impeller and guard for mounting on a
pedestal having a base and column, wall mount bracket, ceiling mount
bracket, I-beam bracket or other commonly accepted mounting means.''
\11\ The May and July 2019 letters are available at
www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050-0023.
\12\ AMCA specifically recommended the use of tip speed, which
is calculated as blade diameter x 3.14159 x rotational speed in RPM,
and suggested that the maximum tip speed of a ceiling fan would be
4,000 feet per minute. See May 2019 letter, page 2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the September 2019 NOPR, commenters were generally
opposed to using a mounting element as a distinction stating it was too
broad and could create loopholes. (ALA, No. 34 at p. 2; AMCA, No. 33 at
pp. 2-3; Hunter No. 29 at p. 2) Multiple interested parties recommended
that the definition of ceiling fan be based on, in part, a ratio of
diameter to maximum operating speed in order to separate fans that
circulate air from those that provide directional airflow. (Hunter
Fans, BAFs, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 33-35, AMCA, No.
33 at pp. 3-6; ALA, No. 34 at p. 2; and Hunter No. 29 at p. 2)
Specifically, these commenters suggested that a diameter-to-maximum
operating speed ratio less than 0.06 inches/RPM could be used to
distinguish products that are not ceiling fans. Id.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to define the term
``circulating air'' as it is used in the ceiling fan definition and to
include a specification that a ceiling fan with a maximum operating
speed ratio of greater than 0.06 in/RPM is considered to provide
circulating air. 86 FR 69544, 69550. DOE stated that EPCA does not
define ``circulating air,'' but that the term can generally be
understood as the discharge of air in an upward or downward direction
with the air returning to the intake side of the fan, i.e., the air is
circulated within a space. Id. In contrast, directional airflow targets
the discharged air at a specific location and the discharged air does
not return to the intake side of the fan, i.e., directional airflow
moves air, but does not circulate it within the space. Id. A fan that
provides directional airflow, as opposed to ``circulating air'', would
not be a ``ceiling fan'' as that term is defined in EPCA. Id. DOE
tentatively concluded that the diameter-to-maximum operating speed
ratio of 0.06 in/RPM is appropriate to distinguish fans with
directional airflow from circulating airflow. Id.
DOE also noted in the December 2021 SNOPR that the ceiling fan
design standards of EPCA would not be applicable to fans that do not
meet the criteria of the proposed definition. 86 FR 69544, 69551.
Specifically, EPCA requires all ceiling fans manufactured after January
1, 2007, to have: (i) fan speed controls separate from any lighting
controls; (ii) adjustable speed controls (either more than 1 speed or
variable speed); and (iii) the capability of reversible fan action,
except for fans sold for industrial applications, fans sold for outdoor
applications, and cases in which safety standards would be violated by
the use of the reversible mode. (86 FR 69544, 69551; 42 U.S.C.
6295(ff)(1)(A)) The energy conservation standards established by DOE
would also not be applicable to such products. 86 FR 69544, 69551.
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, ALA and AMCA both commented
that they support DOE's definition of ``circulating air''. (AMCA, No.
43 at p. 2; ALA, No. 45 at p. 2) ALA noted its hope that the inclusion
of a definition of ``circulating air'' would effectively remove ACFHs
from the scope of ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 2) AMCA also
specifically indicated its support for the 0.06-in/RPM threshold ratio
proposed in the December 2021 SNOPR and cited public data indicating
that all products they identified as ACFHs were below the 0.06 ratio.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 2-3) Based on these data, AMCA commented that a
threshold of 0.06 in/RPM for the diameter-to-maximum-operating-speed
ratio was appropriate to separate ACFH from ceiling fans. (Id.; see
also AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 21)
Further, AMCA commented that it may be better to define
``circulating air'' separately in appendix U, so that it can be used in
other fan definitions, such as the commercial and industrial fans and
blowers rulemaking. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 4) AMCA also commented that the
definition will be examined during the update of AMCA 230. (AMCA, No.
43 at p. 2)
DOE notes that this rulemaking is focused on definitions and test
procedures relevant to ceiling fans, and thus is determining a
definition for ``circulating air'' specifically in the context of the
ceiling fan definition. DOE also acknowledges that AMCA 230 is
currently under review and were AMCA 230 to adopt a different approach
to delineating ceiling fans
[[Page 50402]]
from other fan products, DOE may consider such an approach in a future
rulemaking.
The CA IOUs suggested that DOE not attempt to define ``circulating
air'' within its ceiling fans definition. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 2) The
CA IOUs commented that DOE's proposed definition puts too much emphasis
on fan setup and room configuration, rather than the attributes of the
fan itself. (Id.) They stated that a ceiling fan in a large, open
warehouse would not have air directly returning to the intake side of
the fan, whereas an ACFH in a small room may have air directly
returning to the intake side of the fan, such that the proposed
definition of circulating air may not be able to provide the intended
clarity. (Id.)
The CA IOUs also suggested a modified ceiling fan definition:
Ceiling fan means a nonportable device that can be suspended from a
ceiling or overhead support for the purpose of circulating air via the
rotation of fan blades. A ceiling fan has a ratio of fan blade span (in
inches) to maximum rotation rate (in revolutions per minute) greater
than 0.06. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 2) The CA IOUs expressed concern that
in many commercial and industrial applications, ceiling fans are
mounted from an overhead support rather than directly suspended from a
ceiling, and that the manufacturer will most likely not know whether
their products will be suspended from a ceiling or another type of
overhead support during the product design phase. (Id.) Accordingly,
the CA IOUs commented that including the phrase ``or overhead support''
would avoid an unintended interpretation that the type of structure
from which the fan is suspended determines coverage. (Id.) They
suggested that there is a strong precedent for DOE to address EPCA-
derived uncertainty to provide a clearer and more comprehensive
definition, as DOE did for the definition of showerheads in its October
22, 2013 test procedure final rule. (Id.)
The Efficiency Advocates commented that the phrase ``suspended from
a ceiling'' may create a loophole for fans with alternative mounting
hardware and recommend that DOE clarify that any fan ``packaged with
hardware for such an installation'' and/or ``marketed for such an
installation'' be covered. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 4)
DOE notes that manufacturers cannot always anticipate the fan
setup, room configuration, or overhead support for a particular ceiling
fan installation. DOE expects that any ceiling fan that could be
installed from an overhead support would also be able to be installed
from a ceiling.\13\ As a general matter, DOE notes its authority
generally applies to products as manufactured and not at point of
installation. (See generally 42 U.S.C. 6302) Any fan that is
distributed in commerce with components that enable it to be suspended
from a ceiling, and that meets the ceiling fan definition in terms of
being a non-portable device and for circulating air (as defined by this
final rule) via the rotation of fan blades, is a ceiling fan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ DOE understands that a ceiling fan is installed from a
junction box that is attached to a structural beam. Therefore, it is
not the dry wall or plaster of a ceiling that supports the ceiling
fan. Accordingly, DOE concludes that a ceiling fan could as easily
be installed from a structural beam/support without the dry wall/
plaster.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additionally, DOE recognizes that whether air flow is returned to
the fan intake may be dependent on the installation environment.
Accordingly, DOE has removed the phrase ``with air returning to the
intake side of the fan'' from the adopted definition for ``circulating
air'' for the purpose of the ceiling fans definition. However, the
definition adopted in this final rule continues to specify a diameter-
to-maximum operating speed ratio to distinguish between fans that
generally are designed to circulate air from those fans generally
designed to provide directional air flow. As stated, DOE has
determined, as supported by commenters, that the threshold of 0.06 in/
RPM provides the appropriate distinction.
For the reasons discussed previously and in consideration of
comments received, in this final rule, DOE adopts the following
definition for ``circulating air'' for the purpose of the ceiling fan
definition:
(1) Circulating Air means the discharge of air in an upward or
downward direction. A ceiling fan that has a ratio of fan blade span
(in inches) to maximum rotation rate (in revolutions per minute)
greater than 0.06 provides circulating air.
(2) For all other ceiling fan related definitions, see appendix U
to this subpart.
AMCA (represented by Mr. Catania at the time) suggested during the
September 2019 NOPR public meeting that DOE consider including in
Appendix U visual images as examples (with disclaiming language) of the
applicable fans in scope. (AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at
p. 14) Westinghouse (represented by Mr. Gatto) also agreed with AMCA's
comments and suggested that DOE could consider providing a separate
guidance document that provides clear examples of in-scope ceiling
fans. (Westinghouse, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p. 16) DOE
appreciates the recommendations, but notes that examples and pictures
could be interpreted differently by different stakeholders. DOE prefers
to rely on physical features of the product when establishing
definitions and scope. Accordingly, at this point DOE is not
considering a separate guidance document that includes visual
representations of in-scope ceiling fans. Any specific questions about
scope and test can be sent to [email protected].
2. Scope of Ceiling Fan Test Procedure
Section 2 of appendix U specifies that the ceiling fan test
procedure applies to ceiling fans except:
(1) Ceiling fans where the plane of rotation of a ceiling fan's
blades is not less than or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal, or
cannot be adjusted based on the manufacturer's specifications to be
less than or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal;
(2) Centrifugal ceiling fans;
(3) Belt-driven ceiling fans; and
(4) Oscillating ceiling fans.
Section 1.6 of appendix U defines ``centrifugal ceiling fan'' as
``a ceiling fan for which the primary airflow direction is in the same
plane as the rotation of the fan blades.'' Section 1.3 of appendix U
defines ``belt-driven ceiling fan'' as ``a ceiling fan with a series of
one or more fan heads, each driven by a belt connected to one or more
motors that are located outside of the fan head.'' Section 1.16 of
appendix U (renumbered as section 1.17 in this final rule) defines
``oscillating ceiling fan'' as ``a ceiling fan containing one or more
fan heads for which the axis of rotation of the fan blades cannot
remain in a fixed position relative to the ceiling. Such fans have no
inherent means by which to disable the oscillating function separate
from the fan blade rotation.''
DOE received comments regarding the scope of the ceiling fan test
procedure and exemptions. AMCA commented that there should continue to
be an exception for ceiling fans whose plane of rotation exceeds 45
degrees. (AMCA, No. 33 at p. 8) The CA IOUs recommended that DOE
monitor for excessive energy use groups of ceiling fans that are not
regulated, such as belt-driven fans and ceiling fans whose blades'
plane of rotation cannot be within 45 degrees of the horizontal. (CA
IOUs, No. 31 at p. 3)
In this final rule, DOE makes no changes to the exclusion of
centrifugal ceiling fans; oscillating ceiling fans; and ceiling fans
where the plane of rotation
[[Page 50403]]
of a ceiling fan's blades is not less than or equal to 45 degrees from
horizontal, or cannot be adjusted based on the manufacturer's
specifications to be less than or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal;
as specified in section 2 of appendix U. As discussed further in
section III.A.2.b of this document, DOE is amending the scope of the
test procedure with regard to belt-driven ceiling fans.
VES stated that it is considering updating its belt-driven ceiling
fans to direct drive fans (which are primarily shrouded), which would
eliminate belt losses and boost motor efficiency. VES asserted that
these ceiling fans would then be captured by the HSSD definition and
therefore be subject to minimum efficiency standards that these ceiling
fans would be unable to meet. VES recommended that ceiling fans with an
orifice shroud surrounding the impeller or with adjustable discharge
dampers be exempt from the rulemaking. (VES, No. 26 at pp. 1-2)
Regarding the scope of the ceiling fan test procedure, if a
shrouded ceiling fan meets the definition of ceiling fan as amended by
this final rule, it would be considered a ceiling fan and would be
subject to the design standards, test procedure, and applicable energy
conservation standards. DOE notes that this rulemaking is with regard
only to the test procedure for ceiling fans and consideration of energy
conservation standards of ceiling fans is covered by a separate
rulemaking (Docket number EERE-2021-BT-STD-0011).
a. Scope of Test Procedure for Large-Diameter Ceiling Fans
In the July 2016 Final Rule, DOE limited the scope of the ceiling
fans test procedure to ceiling fans up to 24 feet in diameter. 81 FR
48619, 48632. DOE explained that it was not aware of any commercially
available LDCFs with blade spans greater than 24 feet and as such could
not confirm the reliability of test procedure results for these LDCFs.
Thus, section 3.4.1 of appendix U specifies that the test procedure for
large-diameter ceiling fans (``LDCFs'') is applicable for ceiling fans
up to 24 feet in diameter. As such, LDCFs with diameters greater than
24 feet have not been subject to energy conservation standards. .
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to remove the 24-foot
blade span limit in section 3.4.1 of appendix U. 86 FR 69544, 69551.
This proposal was based on two primary factors. First, because DOE's
test procedure for LDCFs is based on AMCA 230-15, nothing inherent to
the test procedure would prevent testing of a ceiling fan greater than
24 feet. AMCA 230-15 provides minimum clearances as a function of blade
span and does not specify an upper limit on blade span. Second, AMCA
confirmed that the test facilities AMCA uses are capable of
accommodating ceiling fans with blade spans substantially larger than
24 feet. 86 FR 69544, 69551; see also AMCA, No. 43 at p. 4)
AMCA, the Efficiency Advocates, and the CA IOUs agreed with DOE's
proposal to remove the 24-foot blade span limit. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 4;
Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No. 46 at p.1; AMCA,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 23) AMCA commented that there
is at least one LDCF on the market with a blade span greater than 24
feet, and that there is no additional test burden for testing a ceiling
fan with a blade span greater than 24 feet relative to testing a
ceiling fan with a blade span of 24 feet. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 4, 12-
13)
DOE did not receive any comments objecting to its proposal to
remove the 24-foot blade span limit. Further, while DOE is aware of two
LDCF models with a diameter greater than 24 feet, DOE understands that
these models are already tested using the DOE test procedure.\14\
Therefore, elimination of the 24-foot threshold from the test procedure
update will not add any test burden.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ DOE acknowledges that in the December 2021 SNOPR, in the
context of the Paperwork Reduction Act analysis, DOE stated that it
reviewed the market for ceiling fans with a diameter greater than 24
feet and identified 4 models currently being offered for sale by 2
manufacturers. 86 FR 69544, 69562. To clarify, the identified
ceiling fans had the potential for a diameter greater than 24 feet.
DOE assumed 4 models having a diameter greater than 24 feet. Upon
further review, DOE has since concluded that only two models have a
diameter greater than 24 feet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the reasons discussed, in this final rule DOE is removing the
24-foot blade span limit in section 3.4.1 of appendix U, which expands
the scope of the test procedure for LDCFs to ceiling fans having a
blade span larger than 24 feet. As such, representations of energy
efficiency and energy use made with respect to LDCFs, including those
with blade spans larger than 24 feet, must be made in accordance with
this final rule beginning 180 days after publication of the final rule
in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2)) DOE will address any
potential changes to the scope of standards for LDCFs in a separate
rulemaking.
b. Scope of Test Procedure for Belt-Driven Ceiling Fans
Section 1.3 of appendix U defines a ``belt-driven ceiling fan'' as
``a ceiling fan with a series of one or more fan heads, each driven by
a belt connected to one or more motors that are located outside of the
fan head.'' In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to amend the test
procedure to include a type of high-speed, single-head, belt-driven
ceiling fan, which stakeholders identified as having come onto the
market since belt-driven ceiling fans had been excluded from energy
conservation standards. 86 FR 69544, 69552. DOE stated that unlike
other belt-driven ceiling fans, high-speed, single-head, belt-driven
ceiling fans are not customizable, and the fan head can be isolated for
testing. DOE noted that, in contrast to the low-speed multiple head
belt-driven ceiling fans, these designs allow single-head belt-driven
ceiling fans to be tested using the test procedures in appendix U. 86
FR 69544, 69552.
Accordingly, DOE proposed to define high-speed belt-driven
(``HSBD'') ceiling fan as a small-diameter ceiling fan that is a belt-
driven ceiling fan with one fan head, and has tip speeds greater than
or equal to 5000 feet per minute. Id. DOE notes that in its proposal,
``greater than or equal to 5000 feet per minute'' was consistent with
the tip speed identified by stakeholders as corresponding to a new type
of belt-driven fan that had come to market with a larger motor and
higher tip speeds. 86 FR 69544, 69551-69552. However, in the December
2021 SNOPR, DOE also suggested that it would consider other tip speed
thresholds. Id.
DOE also stated that it had identified at least one belt-driven
ceiling fan with a marketed blade span of greater than 7 feet. DOE
proposed to define large-diameter belt-driven (``LDBD'') ceiling fan as
a belt-driven ceiling fan with one fan head that has a represented
value of blade span, as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(i), greater
than seven feet. Id. Further, DOE also suggested that it may consider a
combined term and definition for all belt-driven ceiling fans that meet
the scope of HSBD and LDBD ceiling fans. DOE discussed that by removing
``small-diameter'' in the definition, the alternate HSBD definition
should accommodate belt-driven ceiling fans with blade spans greater
than seven feet. Id.
Generally, the CA IOUs, ALA, and the Efficiency Advocates commented
that they supported expanding the scope of the test procedure to cover
high-speed, single-head, belt-driven ceiling fans. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at
pp. 2-3; ALA, No. 45 at p. 2; Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 1-2)
The Efficiency Advocates commented that they believe covering HSBD and
LDBDs provides a level
[[Page 50404]]
playing field for manufacturers and permits purchasers to make informed
decisions. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 1-2) Regarding coverage
of LDBDs, AMCA commented that they are only aware of one LDBD ceiling
fan and stated that there is no reason for it to be excluded from other
large-diameter ceiling fans based solely on drive type. (AMCA, No. 43
at p. 5) AMCA added that the large-diameter ceiling fan product class
already includes both gear-driven and direct-drive ceiling fans, such
that adding LDBD ceiling fans would be consistent with current
requirements. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5) The CA IOUs commented that DOE
should avoid creating a separate product class for LDBD fans and should
instead include them with large-diameter ceiling fans because they will
have the same metric and should be held to the same standard. (CA IOUs,
No. 46 at p. 3) ALA agreed that LDBDs should be included with large-
diameter ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 42 at p. 10)
ALA commented that they supported DOE not proposing a test
procedure for low-speed belt-driven ceiling fans. (ALA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 27)
Based on comment received and further review, DOE has not
identified any unique applications for LDBDs as compared to HSBDs. Both
DOE and commenters have only identified one ceiling fan that would meet
the definition of LDBD. Further, the one LDBD identified is marketed
for similar applications to all other HSBDs. Given that both types of
fans serve the same application and can be tested according to the same
procedures, in this final rule, DOE is adopting a definition for HSBD
that removes any distinction based on diameter.
DOE notes there are not currently energy conservation standards
that would be applicable to HSBD ceiling fans and that it is currently
evaluating potential energy conservation standards for HSBD ceiling
fans in a separate energy conservation standards rulemaking (See docket
EERE-2021-BT-STD-0011). As part of that rulemaking, DOE will consider
whether it is technologically feasible and economically justified to
establish energy conservation standards for HSBDs.
Regarding the proposed tip speed threshold for the HSBD definition,
AMCA and ALA both recommended that DOE align the tip speed threshold
with the existing blade thickness and tip speed thresholds separating
HSSD and LSSD ceiling fans.\15\ (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5; ALA No. 45 at p.
2) AMCA commented that it supports the definition because there is a
lack of reliable performance data for HSBD, the use of a consistent
tip-speed threshold (i.e., the tip-speed threshold used for the current
HSSD and LSSD definitions) might be more appropriate. (AMCA, No. 43 at
p. 5) ALA further commented that all low-speed, multiple head belt-
driven ceiling fans should remain exempted from testing requirements.
(ALA, No. 45 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ While there is no tip speed threshold for a ceiling fan
with a blade thickness less than 3.2mm, at or above 3.2mm, the tip
speed thresholds vary from 2,400 fpm to 3,200 fpm to 4,000 fpm,
depending on direction of airflow and blade thickness. See HSSD and
LSSD ceiling fan definitions in section 1 of appendix U.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The tip-speed thresholds used to separate LSSD and HSSD ceiling
fans, as defined in section 1.13 of appendix U (renumbered as section
1.14 in this final rule) and section 1.8 of appendix U, respectively,
generally align with the tip-speed thresholds defined by industry
safety standard UL 507-2017, ``Standard for Electric Fans,'' which
specifies that ceiling fans with tip speeds higher than the threshold
cannot be installed below ten feet without a ceiling fan guard. Given
this, and in lieu of any additional performance data beyond the initial
stakeholder comment that formed the basis of DOE's proposal in the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE agrees with AMCA and ALA that the tip speed
used to differentiate HSSD from LSSD ceiling fans would provide a more
justifiable and appropriate tip speed to distinguish belt-driven
ceiling fans that are high speed from those that are low speed because
it aligns with existing ceiling fan safety standards. In this final
rule, DOE defines the tip-speed threshold for HSBD ceiling fans
consistent with the thresholds differentiating HSSD and LSSD ceiling
fans.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that the airflow of HSBD fans
was much higher than other small-diameter ceiling fans and because of
that, the small-diameter ceiling fan test procedure (i.e., using sensor
arm setup) could be problematic. 86 FR 69544, 69552. As such, DOE
proposed to test all HSBD fans according to section 3.4 of appendix U,
which references AMCA 230-15. DOE requested comment on its proposed
test method. Id. Related, DOE proposed requiring the use of the CFEI
metric, rather than a cubic feet per minute (``CFM'') per Watt (``W'')
metric (``CFM/W''), to characterize the energy efficiency of HSBD
ceiling fans. 86 FR 69544, 69553.
AMCA commented that because of the relatively high airflow of HSBD
ceiling fans, AMCA 230 is the most appropriate test procedure and
therefore supported using that standard to test HSBD ceiling fans.
(AMCA, No. 43 at p. 5) AMCA stated that they did not have estimated
operating speeds and hours for HSBD ceiling fans, which would be needed
for a CFM/W metric, and supported use of the CFEI metric for HSBD fans.
(AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 5-6) The Efficiency Advocates supported the use of
CFEI for all belt-driven ceiling fans, including high-speed and/or
large diameter belt-driven ceiling fans given that the airflows are
more similar to large-diameter ceiling fans. (Efficiency Advocates, No.
44 at pp. 1-2)
DOE did not receive any comments in opposition to testing HSBD
ceiling fans using AMCA 230-15 or calculating efficiency based on CFEI.
In this final rule, DOE is amending appendix U to specify that HSBD
ceiling fans are to be tested using AMCA 230-15 and have efficiency
calculated based on CFEI.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to require HSBDs capable
of only single-speed operation to be tested at only high speed and for
HSBDs capable of variable speed operation to be tested at high speed
and 40-percent speed. 86 FR 69544, 69553.
AMCA, CA IOUs and the Efficiency Advocates noted that all ceiling
fans are required to meet the design conditions prescribed by EPCA,
which require multi-speed operation. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 7; CA IOUs,
No. 46 at pp. 2-3; Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2-3; ASAP, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 25) The CA IOUs asked that DOE clarify
that all ceiling fans, including belt-driven ceiling fans, centrifugal
ceiling fan, oscillating ceiling fans, or ceiling fans whose blades'
plane of rotation cannot be within 45 degrees of horizontal, still need
to meet the ceiling fan design requirements. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p. 3)
The Efficiency Advocates stated that one of EPCA's requirement is that
all ceiling fans manufactured after January 1, 2007, are required to
have adjustable speed controls and that DOE should clarify how testing
of single-speed BDCFs interacts with the EPCA requirements. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 2-3) These commenters are correct that all
ceiling fans manufactured on or after January 1, 2007 are required to
meet the design standards specified at 10 CFR 430.32(s)(1), including
the requirement to have adjustable speed controls. As such, all HSBDs
sold on the market must be capable of variable speed operation and the
proposed provisions
[[Page 50405]]
pertaining to HSBDs capable of only single speed operation are
superfluous). Accordingly, in this final rule, DOE is adopting language
requiring HSBDs to be tested at both high speed and 40 percent speed or
the nearest speed that is not less than 40 percent speed.
DOE notes there are not currently energy conservation standards
that would be applicable to HSBD ceiling fans. As such, and as
discussed further in section III.Q of this document, the coverage of
HSBD ceiling fans under the test procedure does not require that these
fans be subject to such testing. Were a manufacturer to voluntarily
make representations of the energy efficiency of such fans, any such
representation would be required to be based on testing in accordance
with the DOE test procedure and such representation must fairly
disclose the results of such testing. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(1))
c. Scope of Test Procedure for VSD Ceiling Fans
Appendix U prescribes a test method for LSSD and HSSD ceiling fans,
but does not explicitly prescribe a test method for VSD ceiling fans.
The HSSD ceiling fan definition excludes VSD ceiling fans. As such,
appendix U provides a method of testing only those VSD ceiling fans
that meet the LSSD ceiling fan definition. In the September 2019 NOPR,
DOE proposed to specify explicitly that VSD ceiling fans that do not
also meet the definition of LSSD fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method for purposes of demonstrating
compliance with DOE's energy conservation standards for ceiling fans or
representations of efficiency. 84 FR 51440, 51445. DOE requested
comments on this proposal. Id.
ALA, Hunter and AMCA supported DOE's proposal to exclude VSD
ceiling fans that do not meet the definition of LSSD. (ALA, No. 45 at
p. 1; Hunter, No. 29 at p. 3; ALA, No. 34 at p. 3; AMCA, No. 33 at p.
8)
For the reasons discussed, in this final rule, DOE is adopting the
more explicit specification that VSD ceiling fans that do not meet the
definition of LSSD ceiling fan are not required to be tested pursuant
to appendix U. In other words, only VSD ceiling fans that meet the
definition of LSSD fan are required to be tested using appendix U. DOE
notes, however, that all VSD ceiling fans are still required to meet
the design standards specified in 10 CFR 430.32(s).
The Efficiency Advocates, which includes ASAP, encouraged DOE to
cover VSD fans that are not LSSD ceiling fans in the separate fans and
blowers rulemaking, especially the VSD fans that have a diameter-to-
maximum operating speed ratio less than 0.06. (Efficiency Advocates,
No. 44 at p. 4; ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 36) ASAP
explained that the physical characteristics of these higher-speed VSD
ceiling fans are more similar to air-circulating fan heads. (ASAP,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 36) On October 1, 2021, DOE
issued a request for information (``RFI'') seeking comment and
information regarding coverage as part of a separate rulemaking for
fans and blowers.\16\ 86 FR 54412 (``October 2021 RFI''). The October
2021 RFI included discussion of ACFHs, which as discussed in section
III.A.1 of this document, generally have a ratio of fan blade span to
maximum rotation rate less than 0.06 in/RPM and therefore are not
considered to provide ``circulating air'' as defined by this final rule
(and therefore do not meet the definition of ceiling fan). 86 FR 54412,
54414. DOE will consider any further comments regarding coverage of
ACFHs as part of the fans and blowers rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ See Docket No. EERE-2021-BT-TP-0021 at www.regulations.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Standards Incorporated by Reference
Appendix U references certain provisions of the industry test
standards AMCA 208-18 and AMCA 230-15, both of which are incorporated
by reference. See 10 CFR 430.3(b)(2) and (4).
As discussed in the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE was made aware that
AMCA 230-15 was inconsistent in its conversion of measurements to
standard air density. 86 FR 69544, 69551. Whereas calculated thrust is
converted to standard air density (Section 9.3 of AMCA 230-15),
electric input power is not. Thrust (which is used to determine airflow
in CFM) and electric input power are inputs to the CFEI metric
described in AMCA 208-18. Therefore, without the correction, the same
fan can have different values for CFEI depending on the density of the
air where the fan is being tested.
On May 5, 2021, AMCA made a correction to address the inconsistency
in the industry standard in the form of a technical errata sheet for
AMCA 230-15.\17\ The technical errata sheet details that the
corrections listed in the errata sheet apply to all copies of AMCA 230-
15. In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, AMCA stated that it
supports the technical errata sheet for AMCA 230-15 being treated as a
part of AMCA 230-15. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 11)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ The publication date of the errata sheet is listed as June
2021. See www.techstreet.com/amca/standards/amca-230-15?product_id=1904250#amendments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this final rule, DOE is updating the incorporation by reference
of AMCA 230-15 to include the 2021 technical errata sheet. In addition,
DOE is implementing organizational changes whereby DOE is incorporating
the entirety of AMCA 230-15 at 10 CFR 430.3 and providing a new index
within appendix U to provide the specific provisions of AMCA 230-15,
AMCA 208-18, and IEC 62301-U that apply to the DOE test procedure. This
amendment is strictly organizational and has no substantive impact on
the test procedure.
C. Efficiency Metric for Small-Diameter Ceiling Fans
Ceiling fan efficiency is currently expressed in terms of CFM/W for
small-diameter ceiling fans (See section 4 of appendix U) and CFEI for
large-diameter ceiling fans (section 5 of Appendix U).
VES commented that, while they accept CFM as a unit for the metric,
consumers care about the speed of the air they encounter, which is more
clearly conveyed by feet per minute (``FPM''). (VES, No. 25 at p. 2)
DOE notes that the CFM/W metric is an industry-accepted efficiency
metric for ceiling fans. DOE is not aware of any existing test
procedures for ceiling fans for which the ``useful output of services''
is measured in FPM rather than CFM. Accordingly, DOE is not considering
a metric based on FPM in this final rule.
The Efficiency Advocates, which includes ASAP, recommended that DOE
consider a metric other than CFM/W for small-diameter ceiling fans,
such as CFEI, to account for the differences in airflow. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 44 at p. 3; ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at
p. 17) The Efficiency Advocates explained that the minimum DOE
efficiency levels for small-diameter ceiling fans are a function of
diameter only and do not reflect the cubic relationship between airflow
and power. As such, higher airflow fans generally have more difficulty
meeting CFM/W standards compared to fans of the same diameter that
provide lower airflow. The Efficiency Advocates discussed ENERGY
STAR[supreg]-certified fans, which generally use similar motors, but
are certified for a range of CFM/W values at a given blade span.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 3; ASAP, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 42 at p. 17) The Efficiency Advocates suggested DOE investigate the
extent to which the large range in CFM/W rating are a product of
airflow differences rather than use of technologies aimed at reducing
power
[[Page 50406]]
consumption. Id. The Efficiency Advocates stated that differences in
airflow were problematic for LDCFs, which led to the establishment of
the CFEI metric, and commented that an alternative metric like CFEI
would provide similar benefits to small-diameter ceiling fans.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at pp. 3-4; ASAP, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 18)
ALA commented that the CFEI metric is not workable for small-
diameter ceiling fans in its current form and supported the continued
use of the CFM/W metric for small-diameter ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 45
at p. 1)
DOE notes that the CFEI metric uses airflow constants, pressure
constants, and fan efficiency constants, that were developed
specifically for large-diameter ceiling fans and may not hold for
small-diameter ceiling fans.\18\ No similar constants exist for small-
diameter ceiling fans. In the technical support document supporting the
February 2022 energy conservation standards preliminary analysis,\19\
DOE highlighted several additional reasons regarding why a CFEI metric
would potentially not have the same advantages for small-diameter
ceiling fans as it does for large-diameter ceiling fans. Specifically,
DOE noted that the CFM/W metric originated in the ENERGY STAR[supreg]
program in 2002.\20\ As such, changing to a CFEI metric for small-
diameter ceiling fans could lead to confusion in the industry. Large-
diameter ceiling fans were never included in the ENERGY STAR[supreg]
program and as such did not have the consumer association with the CFM/
W metric. Further, DOE noted that the reduced speed controls of small-
diameter ceiling fans made small-diameter ceiling fans less susceptible
to gaming operating speeds to improve efficiency. Lastly, DOE noted
that the reduced variability in maximum flow made it more likely that
improvements in efficiency for small-diameter ceiling fans would be
reflected in either a CFEI and CFM/W metric.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ Air Movement and Control Associate (AMCA), Introducing
Ceiling Fan Energy Index (CFEI) and Changes to the U.S. Regulation
for Large-Diameter Ceiling Fans [White Paper], 2021. Available at:
www.amca.org/assets/resources/public/assets/uploads/Introducing_Ceiling_Fan_Energy_Index_2.pdf.
\19\ Available at Docket No. EERE-2021-BT-STD-0011-0015.
\20\ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR[supreg]
Testing Facility Guidance Manual: Building a Testing Facility and
Performing the Solid State Test Method for ENERGY STAR Qualified
Ceiling Fans: Version 1.1. 2002. www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/manuf_res/downloads/ceiltestfinal.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding the Efficiency Advocates' observation that there are
products certified in the ENERGY STAR[supreg] database with similar
diameters and large CFM/W ranges, DOE notes that the ENERGY
STAR[supreg] efficiency levels align with the max-tech efficiency
levels from the energy conservation standards final rule published on
January 19, 2017.\21\ 82 FR 6826. In establishing those max-tech
efficiency levels, DOE did not consider blade shape, as blade shape is
a driver of consumer aesthetics. Further, the CFM/W metric incorporates
standby power. Id. at 82 FR 6838 Therefore, there is expected to be a
range of certified CFM/W values for small-diameter ceiling fans, even
if all ceiling fans used the same motor, because manufacturers use
different blade shapes and incorporate different features that consume
power in standby mode. For these reasons, DOE is uncertain that an
alternative metric would add value to consumers of small-diameter
ceiling fans. As such, DOE has maintained use of the CFM/W metric for
small-diameter ceiling fans and the CFEI metric for large-diameter
ceiling fans in this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ Discussion of how ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 was developed,
which references DOE January 2017 Final Rule, is available at:
www.energystar.gov/products/spec/ceiling_fans_specification_version_4_0_pd.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Standby Power Test Procedure for Large-Diameter and High-Speed Belt-
Driven Ceiling Fans
As discussed, EPCA requires that amended test procedures and energy
conservation standards incorporate standby mode and off mode energy
use.\22\ (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2) and (3)) Amended test procedures must
integrate standby mode and off mode energy consumption into the overall
energy efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor,
unless the current test procedures for a covered product already
incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption, or such an
integrated test procedure is technically infeasible, in which case the
Secretary shall prescribe a separate standby mode and off mode energy
use test procedure for the covered product, if technically feasible.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ EPCA defines ``standby mode'' as the condition in which an
energy-using product is connected to a main power source, and offers
one or more of the following user-oriented or protective functions:
(1) the ability to facilitate the activation or deactivation of
other functions (including active mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer; and (2) continuous
functions, including information or status displays (including
clocks), or sensor-based functions. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(iii))
``Off mode'' is the condition in which the ceiling fan is connected
to a main power source and is not providing any standby or active
mode function. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(ii))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE tentatively determined that it
would be technically infeasible to integrate standby power with the
statutory CFEI requirements, such that the integrated metric would be
representative of an average period of use as required by EPCA. 86 FR
69544, 69553. DOE noted that the Energy Act of 2020 established two
CFEI requirements (i.e., high-speed requirement and 40-percent
requirement), and each of these required metrics does not fully account
for active mode energy use or efficiency. Therefore, neither metric
would be appropriately representative if integrated with standby mode
operation because the resulting metric would capture a portion of
active mode energy and the total standby energy use, and such an
integrated metric would not be representative of an average period of
use. Id.
Considering the tentative determination that integrating standby
power into the CFEI metric was technically infeasible, DOE proposed a
separate metric for standby mode energy use. 86 FR 69544, 69553.
Specifically, DOE proposed that the test method for power consumption
in standby mode already established in section 3.6 of appendix U remain
applicable to LDCFs. 86 FR 69544, 69554. DOE further proposed that
while the standby power test method would remain applicable,
manufacturers would not be required to test to that provision until
such time as compliance is required with an energy conservation
standard for standby mode. Id.
DOE also stated that if a CFEI metric were adopted for HSBD ceiling
fans, as DOE has done in this final rule, a separate standby mode
energy use metric would need to be established for HSBDs as well. Id.
DOE proposed to measure HSBD standby power according to section 3.6 of
appendix U, consistent with other types of ceiling fans. Id.
AMCA commented that it agrees that it is technically infeasible to
incorporate standby power into the CFEI metric. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 6;
AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at pp. 9, 29) AMCA stated that
they will work with other stakeholders to develop one or more
approaches that would be easier to measure, report and comply with and
explained that they are striving to tie the standby power requirement
to CFEI levels, essentially giving credit to the higher efficiency fans
where their use of standby power in many cases is directly related to
delivering greater overall operating efficiency and where an
[[Page 50407]]
incorrectly designed standby power requirement might as a disincentive
to improving products' operating efficiency. (AMCA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at pp. 9-10) AMCA commented that higher standby
power is typically associated with smart technologies that reduce
operating power consumption, operating hours, or differing drive
systems that improve operating performance or reduce energy
consumption. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 6-7) AMCA added that too strict of a
maximum standby power limit would hinder implementation of innovative
``smart'' technologies that could increase overall operating energy
efficiency in exchange for using modestly higher levels of standby
power. AMCA proposed that a standby-power allowance be tied to CFEI
levels rated at full speed, such that the higher the CFEI rating, the
greater the allowance for standby power. Based on the example table
provided by AMCA, an LDCF ceiling fan with CFEI rating of 1.00 would
have a standby power allowance of 15 W; each 0.02 CFEI increment above
1.00 would be allowed 1 additional W of standby power (such that a CFEI
rating of 1.20 would correspond with a standby power allowance of 25 W,
for example). (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 6-9) ALA urged DOE to use caution
when considering a standby power metric for LDCFs. (ALA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 7)
Regarding HSBDs, AMCA recommended a separate standby power
requirement, but stated that data for these products is limited. (AMCA,
No. 43 at p. 10; AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 10) AMCA
also commented that adequate time will be needed before the effective
date of a maximum standby power consumption, so that the most cost-
effective and robust solutions can be developed. (AMCA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 10)
The CA IOUs and Efficiency Advocates commented that they support
DOE's proposal to add a separate standby metric for LDCFs. (CA IOUs,
No. 46 at p. 1; Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2)
DOE did not receive any comment recommending an alternative test
procedure for standby power for LDCFs or HSBDs. For the reasons
discussed, DOE is maintaining that standby power for LDCFs be measured
according to section 3.6 of appendix U and also requiring standby power
for HSBDs to be measured according to section 3.6 of appendix U.
Manufacturers of LDCFs and HSBDs are not required to test to that
provision until such time as compliance is required with an energy
conservation standard for standby mode, as specified in the amended
Note at the beginning of appendix U. Were a manufacturer to voluntarily
make representations of standby power of such fans, any such
representation would be required to be based on testing in accordance
with the DOE test procedure and such representation must fairly
disclose the results of such testing. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(1))
Regarding AMCA's comments suggesting standby power levels be
associated with CFEI levels, energy conservation standards have not
been established for standby power for LDCFs and HSBD ceiling fans. DOE
will consider AMCA's comments and recommendations in its evaluation of
amended energy conservation standards rulemaking, available at docket
number EERE-2021-BT-STD-0011.
E. Specifications for Ceiling Fans With Accessories
Sections 3.3.1 and 3.5.1 of appendix U require that a ceiling fan's
heater and light kit be installed, but not energized during the power
consumption measurement. In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE proposed to
expand this language to apply more broadly to any additional
accessories or features that do not relate to the ceiling fan's ability
to create airflow by the rotation of the fan blades. 86 FR 69544,
69557. DOE noted that these provisions are in place to include any
impact these accessories might have on airflow, but prevent any
reduction of the measured airflow efficiency that would result from
including power consumption that does not relate to the ceiling fan's
ability to circulate air. Id. DOE added that this proposal would be a
clarification, consistent with how manufacturers are currently testing
additional accessories and requested comment on its proposal. Id.
The Efficiency Advocates recommended DOE require testing ceiling
fan accessories and non-airflow related features in their ``as-
shipped'' configuration to ensure that these features only use power
when turned on by the user. The Efficiency Advocates explained that
while they understand the intention of the proposal to include ceiling
fan energy consumption only as it relates to air circulation, they are
concerned that it could obscure the potentially significant energy
consumption of these accessories. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p.
5) The Efficiency Advocates recommended that DOE consider exploring
methods for provisions to take into account the energy-saving potential
of accessory smart technologies, such as occupancy sensors, that reduce
operating hours and saved energy overall. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44
at pp. 4-5)
AMCA and ALA both supported testing products with additional
features powered off. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 9; ALA, No. 45 at p. 3)
Regarding installation of accessories during testing of standby power,
AMCA commented that there is no definition of minimum testable
configuration, which complicates testing given the evolving options for
controllers, occupancy sensors, line conditioners, etc. (AMCA, No. 43
at p. 8) AMCA added that large-diameter ceiling fans can be sold with
multiple fans tied to a single controller and that these controllers
would use more standby power than a controller designed for a single
fan. (AMCA No. 43 at p. 8) AMCA proposed that DOE test with only
standard accessories. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 8) AMCA stated that optional
product features should not be energized because they facilitate energy
savings that are orders of magnitude greater than the associated
standby losses. AMCA specifically commented that advanced human-machine
interfaces, transmitters/transducers for wireless communication,
connection to external automation systems, HVAC control circuitry, and
occupancy sensors should be excluded from the standby power
measurement. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp. 9) AMCA also stated that optional
devices that serve tertiary functions beyond air circulation also
should be powered off including light kits, heaters, and germicidal
devices. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 10)
DOE notes that ceiling fans typically have to be wired by the user
or an installer and as such are shipped in a configuration intended to
provide user friendly and safe installs. Ceiling fans and their
accessories, like light kits and heaters, are typically turned on and
off repeatedly in their lifetime and consumers are familiar with the
process of turning them and their accessories on and off, regardless of
how it is shipped. Given the installation and consumer use of ceiling
fans, it is unlikely that accessories would remain in the on-position
unless intended by the consumer. As such, requiring testing in their
``as-shipped'' configuration would not provide a more representative
measure of energy use of the ceiling fan.
In this final rule, DOE is adopting its proposed clarification that
additional features (not just heaters and light kits) are either
powered off or set at the lowest energy-consuming mode during testing.
Section 3.6 of appendix U provides that when testing standby power,
the
[[Page 50408]]
ceiling fan must remain connected to the main power supply and be in
the same configuration as in active mode. As such, the clarification
that additional accessories are to be installed, but powered off would
apply to the standby power measurement as well. As DOE noted, the
intention of this provision is to capture the impact that these
additional accessories have on airflow, while preventing any reduction
in efficiency associated with power consumption that does not relate to
a ceiling fan's ability to circulate air. The additional accessories
cited by AMCA associated with the ceiling fan controller do not impact
the airflow of a ceiling fan and as such are intended to be either
powered off or set to the lowest energy-consuming mode for testing. To
the extent that additional accessories are a part of an upgraded
controller that is not part of the default ceiling fan model, those are
to be left uninstalled as they are separate add-on purchases by a
consumer. This is consistent with how large-diameter ceiling fan
standby power was considered in the January 2017 Final Rule (which
cites 7 W of power as the average standby power for large-diameter
ceiling fans, consistent with the average power measurement for default
controllers, not the standby power of an upgraded controller) and is
consistent with manufacturer published literature for large-diameter
ceiling fan standby power consumption. 82 FR 6826, 6847.
To avoid confusion as to which controller is used for testing, in
the case where multiple advanced controllers are offered, DOE is adding
an additional clarification to its specifications for ceiling fan
accessories. Specifically, DOE is clarifying that if the ceiling fan is
offered with a default controller, test using the default controller.
If multiple controllers are offered, test using the minimally
functional controller. Testing using the minimally functional
controller is consistent with the direction to test with accessories
not energized during the power consumption measurement. Controller
functions other than the minimal functions (i.e., the functions
necessary to operate the ceiling fan blades) are akin to accessories
that do not relate to the ceiling fan's ability to create airflow by
the rotation of the fan blades. This addition clarifies the existing
test procedure and does not impact the test burden or measured standby
power values.
Regarding ``smart'' technologies, DOE's existing test procedure for
small-diameter ceiling fans incorporates estimated operating hours of a
ceiling fan and uses those operating hours to derive a representative
CFM/W metric by including low-speed operation, high-speed operation,
and standby hours. While additional sensors may influence operating
hours, DOE does not have any data indicating the degree to which these
technologies would impact operating hours and no data has been provided
to indicate that the current test procedure is not representative of
ceiling fans with ``smart'' technologies.
To the extent that smart features are able to be turned off, DOE
notes that the adopted language clarifies that any additional feature
not related to airflow is to be turned off or set to set at the lowest
energy-consuming mode. Therefore, smart technologies that can be
disabled would not impact the efficiency as measured by DOE's test
procedure.
F. Ceiling Fan Test Voltage
Sections 3.3.1(5) and 3.4.3 of appendix U provide direction for
determining the supply voltage when testing a LSSD and HSSD ceiling
fan, and LDCFs, respectively, based on the rated voltage of the fan.
Further, sections 3.3.1(6) and 3.4.4 of appendix U provide direction
for determining the supply voltage phase (either single- or multi-
phase) when testing a LSSD and HSSD ceiling fan, and large-diameter
ceiling fan, respectively, based on the rated supply power of the fan.
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, AMCA commented that the
current language regarding voltage and phase requirements is ambiguous
in certain cases, and provided an example for a ceiling fan that can
operate in single phase or three phase and is rated for operation at
100-300V. AMCA asserted that the current provisions could be
interpreted to require testing with 120 V, three-phase power in the
example provided, which would not seem appropriate because 120V, three-
phase power does not exist in the United States. (AMCA, No. 43 at pp.
13-14)
AMCA's comments demonstrate that the language as written could be
misinterpreted by test laboratories. As noted by AMCA, 120V is
generally associated only with single-phase power in the United States.
As such, in following the supply voltage and supply phase provisions of
the test procedure, the rated supply voltage and rated supply phase
should be considered together, not independently. Accordingly, for a
ceiling fan that must be tested with multi-phase power, the ceiling
fan's minimum rated voltage would be considered the minimum rated
voltage for use with multi-phase power, not the minimum rated voltage
for use with single-phase power. Any contrary interpretation would
result in a combination of phase and voltage that is not representative
of an average use cycle.
To prevent such misinterpretation, DOE is reordering the test
procedure to present the power supply phase requirements prior to the
power supply voltage requirements (renumbered as sections 3.3.1(5) and
3.4.2 in this final rule), which provides a more logical indication
that the supply phase must be considered before the supply voltage.
Further, DOE is adding clarification to the supply voltage provisions
to explicitly state how supply voltage is considered for single-phase
and multi-phase electricity (renumbered as sections 3.3.1(6) and 3.4.3
in this final rule). DOE is also explicitly stating that the test power
supply should be at a frequency of 60 Hz. DOE notes that these changes
are consistent with the current testing requirements and are only
intended to provide further clarity to the original requirements. DOE
does not expect any ceiling fans to have to be re-tested because of
this clarification given that it aligns with the common industry method
for rating power supply to a ceiling fan (i.e., including a rated
supply voltage range at each rated supply phase, not the two
independently).
G. Low Speed Definition
Section 1.12 of appendix U defines ``low speed'' to mean ``the
lowest available ceiling fan speed, i.e., the fan speed corresponding
to the minimum, non-zero, blade RPM.''
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE noted that through round robin
testing and industry inquiry, DOE is aware that the lowest available
fan speed on some ceiling fans provides an extremely low rotation rate,
leading to atypically low airflow. 84 FR 51440, 51446. Because of the
extremely low rotation rate and atypically low airflow, consumers are
unlikely to use such a setting to circulate air. Id. at 51447. For such
products, the lowest speed available on the ceiling fan is not
representative of the lowest speed for that product that can provide
``circulation of air''. Accordingly, DOE stated that it is considering
modifying the definition of low speed and presented a modified
definition and requested comments on the definition. Id.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that the low speed as defined
for the purpose of the current DOE test procedure is not representative
of the low speed required for ``circulation of air''. 86 FR 69544,
69554. Further, as
[[Page 50409]]
observed through round robin testing, requiring testing at the ``lowest
available speed'' would be overly burdensome to test because
laboratories have trouble meeting the stability criteria. Id. at 86 FR
695454-69555. Therefore, having considered comments, DOE proposed a
definition for low speed as follows: Low speed means the lowest
available ceiling fan speed for which fewer than half or three,
whichever is fewer, sensors per individual axis are measuring less than
40 feet per minute. Alternatively, DOE considered representing the same
proposed definition as a table indicating the number of sensors that
must measure greater than 40 feet per minute. Id. at 86 FR 69555.
In response to the proposal, ALA agreed with DOE's assessment
concerning the measurement of the lowest fan speed and supported the
proposal to amend the definition for low speed. ALA stated that the
proposed table is acceptable as well, but encouraged DOE to merge the
table with the table in section 1.13 of appendix U. (ALA, No. 45 at p.
3) In the public meeting, ALA recommended that similar to the
definition in section 1.13 in appendix U, they support a low-speed
definition that has both written text and a table. (ALA, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 42 at p. 33) Westinghouse commented that charts are
much easier for the labs and non-technical people to understand.
(Westinghouse, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 32).
Section 1.13 of appendix U (renumbered as section 1.14 in this
final rule) specifies the definition for low-speed small-diameter
ceiling fan. The definition DOE proposed to update, however, is for low
speed. ALA did not clarify further in their written comments how the
proposed table for low speed should be incorporated into the LSSD
ceiling fan definition. However, based on their comment in the public
meeting, DOE understands ALA's written comments to mean that the low
speed definition should combine both the proposed text and table.
As suggested by ALA, DOE considered merging the December 2021 SNOPR
proposed definition with the table. DOE notes that the proposed
definition and the table were different presentations of the same
criteria to meet the proposed low-speed definition. The proposed
definition was based on the number of sensors measuring less than 40
fpm, whereas the table was based on the number of sensors measuring at
40 fpm or greater. As suggested by Westinghouse, DOE agrees that the
table presents the definition in a manner that is likely to be more
clearly understood generally. As such, in this final rule, DOE is
amending the definition for low speed consistent with the alternate
consideration in the December 2021 SNOPR, as follows:
Low speed means the lowest available speed that meets the following
criteria:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of sensors per individual Number of sensors per individual
axis as determined in section axis measuring 40 feet per minute
3.2.2(6) of this appendix or greater
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 2
4 3
5 3
6 4
7 4
8 5
9 6
10 7
11 8
12 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note that in this final rule, low speed definition is renumbered
from section 1.12 to section 1.13 in appendix U. Furthermore, DOE is
including explicit instructions in the test procedure to start at the
lowest speed and move to the next highest speed until the low speed
definition (as amended) is met. This will ensure the identification of
the lowest speed of the fan that meets the low speed definition. Note
that in this final rule, DOE has included these explicit instructions
in steps 4a through 7 in section 3.3.2 of appendix U.
DOE expects that this amendment will reduce the total test time per
unit for low speed tests for a subset of LSSD ceiling fans. As had been
defined, low speed likely required laboratories to run tests for a long
period before achieving the necessary stability criteria requirements.
The amended test method could mitigate the occurrence of these long
test runs. DOE estimates that manufacturers of LSSD ceiling fans that
conduct testing in-house could save approximately 60 minutes in per-
unit testing time due to the revised low speed criteria.
DOE does not expect this amendment to require retesting or to
change measured efficiency for the majority of LSSD ceiling fans.
However, for the small subset of LSSD ceiling fans for which the lowest
speed is at an extremely low rotation rate and provides a low airflow,
retesting may be required if the lowest speed does not meet the amended
definition of low speed. In the instances under the amended test method
for which testing at the next highest speed were to be required,
testing at the next highest speed would likely result in increased
power consumption, but it would also result in increased airflow. The
resulting ceiling fan efficiency would be calculated by weighting the
airflow and power consumption results from the high speed test (which
remains unchanged) and standby/off-mode with the low speed test,
resulting in a weighted average CFM/W (Equation 1, appendix U). Because
the measured efficiency is a ratio of airflow and power consumption at
high speed, low speed and standby/off-mode, and testing at the next
highest speed would result in an increase in airflow as well as power
consumption only for low speed (which has the lowest operating hours,
as presented in Table 3 of appendix U), DOE expects the amended low
speed definition to have an insignificant effect on ceiling fan
efficiency for the applicable subset of LSSD ceiling fans.
The cost and cost saving impacts of this update are discussed in
section III.P of this document.
H. Alternate Stability Criteria for Average Air Velocity Measurements
Section 3.3.2(1) of appendix U requires that the average air
velocity for each sensor must vary by less than 5 percent compared to
the average air velocity measured for that same sensor in a successive
set of air velocity measurements. Stable measurements are required to
be achieved at only high speed for HSSD ceiling fans, and at both low
and high speed for LSSD ceiling fans. In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
discussed receiving several inquiries from manufacturers citing
difficulties with meeting the stability criteria at low speed for
certain basic models of ceiling fans. 84 FR 51440, 51446. Accordingly,
DOE evaluated available test data to investigate these difficulties and
to determine whether increased tolerances for air velocity stability
criteria for low-speed tests could be used to reduce test burden
without materially affecting the results of the test procedure. Id. DOE
used the test data from ceiling fans tested at a third-party testing
facility to compare the airflow and efficiency results of the test
procedure with the 5 percent and 10 percent air velocity stability
criteria applied to low speed. Id. DOE found that increasing the
stability criteria to 10 percent for low speed would allow more fans to
meet the stability criteria and reduce the number of successive
measurements needed to do so without materially changing the efficiency
results of the test procedure. Id. Therefore, in the September 2019
NOPR, DOE proposed to increase the air velocity stability criteria for
testing at low speed from 5 percent to 10 percent. Id.
AMCA generally stated that this proposal should be able to
facilitate getting viable ratings for the fans in the labs. They noted
that this proposal was
[[Page 50410]]
a step in the right direction. (AMCA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28
at pp. 50-52) Hunter, BAF and ALA supported the proposal. (Hunter, No.
29 at p. 3; BAF, No. 36 at p. 2); (ALA, No. 34 at p. 3) BAF stated that
it believes the proposed increase in tolerance will significantly
reduce the time require to test LSSD ceiling fans. (BAF, No. 36 at p.
2) The CA IOUs commented that increasing stability criteria for air
velocity measurements could change the test results. They suggested
performing an analysis to determine that impact before changing the
criteria. (CA IOUs, No. 31 at p. 2) The Efficiency Advocates suggested
it is unclear whether the stability criteria still needs to be
increased in light of the proposed change in the low-speed definition,
which would make stability issues less likely. (Efficiency Advocates,
No. 44 at p. 4)
In addition to the evaluation of data discussed in the September
2019 NOPR, DOE previously evaluated an increase in the low-speed
stability criteria in response to a petition for a waiver from the test
procedure. 83 FR 52213 (October 16, 2018). DOE granted BAF a waiver
that specified an increase in low-speed stability criteria from 5 to 10
percent. Id. at 85 FR 52216. (Case Number 2017-011.) In the notice of
petition prior to the decision and order, based on available test data,
DOE found that increasing the stability criteria would allow the
subject fans to meet the stability criteria and reduce the number of
successive measurements needed to do so without materially changing the
efficiency results. 83 FR 12726, 12729. DOE observed similar minimal
impacts in the data evaluated for the September 2019 NOPR as well. 84
FR 51440, 51446. Further, the round robin report also concluded that
there was minimal impact on efficiency when unstable data (i.e., data
that could not meet the airflow stability requirements of 5 percent of
successive runs) was removed from the data set and compared to results
from stable data (i.e., data that met the airflow stability
requirements of 5 percent of successive runs) only.\23\ While the
conclusion of the round robin testing is not specific to increasing
stability criteria from 5 to 10 percent, it supports that calculating
efficiency from unstable data does not significantly impact efficiency
results. Accordingly, DOE continues to conclude that increasing the
stability criteria will not materially impact efficiency results.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ See pages 13-14 of the round robin report available here:
www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2013-BT-TP-0050-0038.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For these reasons, in this final rule DOE increases the air
velocity stability criteria for testing at low speed from 5 percent to
10 percent, consistent with the proposal from the September 2019 NOPR.
This amendment is consistent with the methodology of the alternative
test method granted to BAS in the waiver decision and order. 83 FR
52213 Note in this final rule, DOE has included the updated air
velocity stability criteria for testing at low speed in a new section
3.3.2(a)(1) in appendix U.
Regarding the comment from the Efficiency Advocates, DOE notes that
the amended low speed definition requires only a subset of sensors per
each axis to measure air velocity at 40 feet per minute or greater.
Whereas, the amended stability criteria requires the average air
velocity for all sensors on all axes to meet the 5 percent stability
criteria. Therefore, even with the amended low speed definition, a
single sensor not meeting the 5 percent stability criteria at low speed
could still occur. As such, the amendment of the low-speed definition
does not obviate the need for the amended stability criteria.
Finally, this final rule fulfills the regulatory requirement for
DOE to publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking
and subsequent final rule to amend its regulations so as to eliminate
any need for the continuation of such waiver as soon as practicable. 10
CFR 430.27(l).
I. Sensor Arm Setup
To record air velocity readings, section 3.3.2 of appendix U
prescribes two setups for taking airflow measurements along four
perpendicular axes (designated A, B, C, and D): a single rotating
sensor arm or four fixed sensor arms. If using a single rotating sensor
arm, airflow readings are first measured on Axis A, followed by
successive measurements on Axes B, C, and D. If using four fixed sensor
arms, the readings for all four axes are measured simultaneously. See
Steps 4 and 5 of section 3.3.2 of appendix U.
Comparing the single-arm and four-arm setup, DOE noted in the
December 2021 SNOPR that while valid results are generally attained
more quickly using the four-arm setup, the setup is more expensive
because it requires at least 4 times as many sensors. 86 FR 69544,
69556. On the other hand, the single-arm setup is less expensive, but
requires the rotation of the arm every 100 seconds, which disrupts the
air, often increasing the time to achieve stability. Id.
During round robin testing, DOE personnel noted that laboratories
using the single-arm setup waited approximately 30 seconds for arm
vibration to dissipate before starting data collection at the new
position. Accordingly, in the December 2021 SNOPR, to address stability
issues in a single-arm setup, DOE proposed, based on observations from
the round robin testing, to provide explicit instruction for setups
that require arm rotation to stabilize the arm and allow 30 seconds
between test runs for any residual turbulence to dissipate prior to
data collection after each rotation. 86 FR 69544, 69556. Further, as an
alternative to single- and four-arm setups, DOE also proposed to allow
laboratories to rely on test setups with two arms, so that the system
would need to be rotated only once to collect data for all four axes.
Id.
ALA supported this proposal, stating that it would make testing
more accurate and stable, while also allowing for the flexibility of a
two-arm option. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) DOE did not receive any other
comments regarding this proposal.
For the reasons discussed, in this final rule, DOE is adopting the
December 2021 SNOPR proposal, which includes explicit arm stabilization
instructions and allows use a test setup with two arms. Note that in
this final rule, DOE has included these explicit instructions in steps
4a through 7 in section 3.3.2 of appendix U.
J. Air Velocity Sensor Mounting Angle
Section 3.2.2 of appendix U does not specify the applicable
mounting angle of the sensors on the sensor arm. In the December 2021
SNOPR, DOE noted that air velocity is most accurately measured by
aligning the velocity sensor perpendicular to the airflow path, as this
is the orientation for which the airflow through the openings of the
sensor is smooth and free of turbulence. 86 FR 69544, 69556. DOE
discussed that during recent round robin testing, some air velocity
sensors were not aligned perpendicular to the path of airflow, and that
a misaligned velocity sensor could produce inaccurate air velocity
measurements. Id. Accordingly, DOE proposed to include explicit
instructions in section 3.2.2(6) of appendix U to align the air
velocity sensors perpendicular to the direction of airflow. Further,
DOE also stated that it would consider either updating or adding a
figure to depict more clearly the alignment of the velocity sensors
perpendicular to the direction of airflow. Id.
ALA supported the proposal to align the air velocity sensors
perpendicular to
[[Page 50411]]
the direction of airflow and to make necessary changes to Figure 2 of
appendix U or create a new figure to clearly depict the proper
alignment. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) DOE did not receive any other comments
on this proposal.
For the reasons discussed, DOE is adopting the December 2021 SNOPR
proposal that specifies alignment of the air velocity sensors
perpendicular to the direction of airflow in section 3.2.2(6) of
appendix U. Further, DOE is updating Figure 2 of appendix U (renumbered
as Figure 3 by this final rule) to depict the proper alignment of
sensors.
K. Instructions To Measure Blade Thickness
Sections 1.8 in appendix U and section 1.13 in appendix U
(renumbered as section 1.14 in appendix U) incorporate a fan blade
thickness threshold of 3.2 mm within the definitions of HSSD ceiling
fan and LSSD ceiling fan, respectively. Blade edge thickness is used to
distinguish product classes because it relates to safety considerations
that, in turn, relate to where a ceiling fan is likely to be installed.
Ceiling fans installed in commercial and industrial settings are
typically installed in locations with higher ceilings, and therefore
thin leading edges on the blades do not present the safety hazard that
thin leading edges would present on ceiling fans that are installed at
lower heights, i.e., ceiling fans installed in residential settings.
Appendix U currently does not provide instruction for how to
measure fan blade thickness. In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
that blade edge thickness for small diameter fans be measured at the
leading edge of the fan blade (i.e., the edge in the forward direction)
with an instrument having a measurement resolution of at least a tenth
of an inch. 84 FR 51440, 51450. DOE also proposed the following
instructions for measuring blade edge thickness to ensure test
procedure reproducibility, given potential variations in blade
characteristics: (1) Measure at the point at which the blade is
thinnest along the radial length of the fan blade and is greater than
or equal to one inch from the tip of the fan blade, and (2) Measure one
inch from the leading edge of the fan blade. Id.
In response to the September 2019 NOPR, ALA expressed support for
measuring blade thickness one inch from the tip of the fan blade. (ALA,
No. 34 at p. 4) Westinghouse also noted their support for this
proposal. (Westinghouse, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p. 77)
Following publication of the September 2019 NOPR, DOE subsequently
became aware of a ``rolled-edge'' blade design on a residential ceiling
fan for which the thickness of the body of the blade is less than 3.2
mm, but that has a curled shape along the leading edge, with the curl
having an outer thickness greater than 3.2 mm. For such a rolled-edge
blade, the blade thickness measurement procedure proposed in the
September 2019 NOPR (i.e., one inch from the leading edge) would
indicate a ``thin blade'' despite the thicker leading edge, resulting
in the fan being classified as an HSSD, which as discussed are
generally non-residential fans. Conversely, measuring the thickness at
the rolled edge (i.e., less than one inch from the leading edge) would
result in the fan being classified as an LSSD, which are generally fans
installed in residential settings and would be the more appropriate
designation for the model under consideration.
In order to measure blade thickness for ``rolled-edge,'' flat,
tapered, and other ceiling fan blade types in a manner that would
consistently classify ceiling fans with these blade types into the
appropriate product class, DOE proposed in the December 2021 SNOPR to
update the proposal for measuring blade thickness as follows: (1)
locate the cross-section perpendicular to the fan blade's radial
length, that is at least one inch from the tip of the fan blade and for
which the blade is thinnest, and (2) measure the thickest point of that
cross-section within one inch from the leading edge of the fan blade.
86 FR 69544, 69556-69557. DOE expected that this proposal would result
in ceiling fans with ``rolled-edge'' blade designs being assigned to
the appropriate product class, while having minimal effect on the blade
thickness measurement of other blade types relative to the proposal in
the September 2019 NOPR. 86 FR 69544, 69557.
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR proposal, ALA expressed
support for the modified proposal, but noted that they do not think the
update will have much of an impact on the classification of current
product models. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3)
For the reasons discussed in the December 2021 SNOPR, in this final
rule DOE adds instructions to appendix U to measure the blade thickness
consistent with the proposal set forth in the December 2021 SNOPR.
L. Instrument Measurement Resolution
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed amendments to appendix U
to specify minimum instrument resolution for measuring blade span,
blade edge thickness, and the distance between the ceiling and the
lowest point of the fan blade. The proposed instrument resolutions were
at least 0.25 inches, at least one tenth of an inch, and at least 0.25
inches, respectively. 84 FR 51440, 51450. Further, DOE proposed that to
determine the blade span, measure the lateral distance at the
resolution of the measurement instrument, using an instrument with a
measurement resolution of least 0.25 inches, and then multiply this
distance by two. Id.
In response to the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter agreed with DOE's
proposal for measuring blade span as well as the proposed tolerance for
measuring ceiling to blade distance. (Hunter No. 29 at pp. 4-5) ALA
also agreed with DOE's proposed distance from the blade to the ceiling,
and recommended that DOE require ceiling fans to be leveled prior to
testing. (ALA, No. 34 at p. 4)
DOE notes that section 3.2.2 of appendix U requires the ceiling fan
to be installed according to the manufacturer's installation
instructions. DOE understands that ceiling fan installation manuals
commonly include instructions for leveling or balancing the ceiling
fan.
In the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE updated the proposal for blade edge
thickness to require a measurement resolution of at least 0.001 in.,
based on comments received in response to the September 2019 NOPR and
the understanding that most, if not all, test laboratories use calipers
to measure blade edge thickness. 86 FR 69544, 69557-69558.
For the reasons discussed, in this final rule, DOE is adopting the
September 2019 NOPR proposals regarding the instrument resolution for
measuring blade span and the distance between the ceiling and the
lowest point of the fan blade in this final rule. Further, for the
reasons discussed in the prior paragraphs and the December 2021 SNOPR,
DOE is adopting the December 2021 SNOPR proposal regarding the
instrument resolution for blade edge thickness.
M. Certification, Represented Value, and Rounding Requirements
The procedures required for determination, certification, and
enforcement of compliance of covered products with the applicable
conservation standards are set forth in 10 CFR part 429.
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to amend certain
certification requirements for ceiling fans to include
[[Page 50412]]
product-specific information that would be required to certify
compliance with the amended energy conservation standards established
in January 2017 Final Rule. 84 FR 51440, 51450.
In response to the September 2019 NOPR, ALA commented that the
certification template should be updated such that manufacturers can
continue to submit data to a single location, DOE's Compliance
Certification Management System. (ALA, No. 34 at p. 4) Hunter agreed
that certification reports should include product-specific information
for the public, and stated that proper tolerances must to considered
due to instrument resolution and production line tolerances. (Hunter,
No. 29 at p. 4) Westinghouse Lighting appreciated that DOE proposed to
clarify specific methods of measurement. (Westinghouse, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at p. 75) BAF agreed with the proposals for
certification requirements, and requested that air flow and power at
high speed for large-diameter ceiling fans be added to DOE's
certification database for public (preferred) or private access. (BAF,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p. 75-76; BAF, No. 36 at p. 2)
AMCA commented that certification reports for LDCFs also include
airflow and power at high speed as these are the most commonly used by
manufacturers in marketing and the performance data requested by
consumers. (AMCA, No. 33 at p. 9)
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, the Efficiency Advocates
expressed support for DOE's proposal to require certification reports
to include all relevant information required to certify that products
meet standards. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2) The Efficiency
Advocates encouraged DOE to also publish additional information
publicly such as airflow (CFM) and tip speed (ft/min) to assist
stakeholders and consumers in understanding the relative energy
efficiency of ceiling fans across a broad range of product
characteristics. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 44 at p. 2)
Since the September 2019 NOPR, DOE has finalized amended
certification provisions for various covered product and equipment,
including ceiling fans, in a separate final rule published on July 22,
2022 (``July 2022 Certification Final Rule'').\24\ 87 FR 43952, 43964-
43966. Further, since the September 2019 NOPR, DOE also notes that the
May 2021 Technical Amendment finalized technical amendments
corresponding with provisions enacted by Congress through the Energy
Act of 2020 which now requires large-diameter ceiling fans to meet
specified minimum efficiency requirements based on CFEI, which is
different than what was originally considered in the September 2019
NOPR. 86 FR 28469, 28469-28470. The CFEI metric has since been included
as part of the July 2022 Certification Final Rule. 87 FR 43952, 43965.
As such, DOE is not considering the September 2019 NOPR amended
certification proposals in this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ Rulemaking docket EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE also proposed amendments to 10 CFR
429.32 to specify that represented values required are to be determined
consistent with the test procedures in appendix U and to specify
rounding requirements for represented values. 84 FR 51440, 51450. DOE
proposed the following: Any represented value of blade span shall be
the mean of the blade spans measured for the sample selected as
described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1), rounded to the nearest inch; any
represented value of blade RPM shall be the mean of the blade RPMs
measured for the sample selected as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest RPM; any represented value of blade edge
thickness shall be the mean of the blade edge thicknesses measured for
the sample selected as described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1), rounded to the
nearest tenth of an inch; and any represented value of the distance
between the ceiling and the lowest point on the fan blades shall be the
mean of the distances measured for the sample selected as described in
10 CFR 429.32(a)(1), rounded to the nearest quarter of an inch. Id.
Blade span, blade edge thickness, the distance between the ceiling and
the lowest point on the fan blades are used to determine the product
class to which a basic model belongs. Further, DOE proposed that any
represented value of tip speed is calculated as pi multiplied by the
represented value of blade span divided by twelve, multiplied by the
represented value of RPM, and rounded to the nearest foot per minute.
84 FR 51440, 51459.
DOE also proposed updates to the product class definitions included
in appendix U to reference the proposed represented value provisions to
specify that the product class for each basic model is determined using
the represented values of blade span, blade RPM, blade edge thickness,
the distance between the ceiling and the lowest point on the fan blades
and tip speed. 84 FR 51440, 51450.
In response to comments received in response to the September 2019
NOPR, in the December 2021 SNOPR, DOE further proposed to replace the
blade-edge thickness rounding proposal from nearest tenth of an inch to
the nearest 0.01 inch. 86 FR 69544, 69557. Further, in the December
2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that airflow (CFM) at high speed is also product-
specific information required to determine product category, and that
neither 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(i) nor appendix U provides any rounding
requirements for airflow at high speed as it relates to determining
whether a ceiling fan is a highly-decorative ceiling fan. Accordingly,
DOE proposed to specify that any represented value of airflow (CFM) at
high speed, including the value used to determine whether a ceiling fan
is a highly-decorative ceiling fan, is determined pursuant to 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(i) and rounded to the nearest CFM. Id. Finally, in the
December 2021 SNOPR, DOE noted that the product class definitions
proposed in the September 2019 NOPR referenced the incorrect regulatory
text sections for the represented values proposed in 10 CFR 429.32.
Accordingly, DOE proposed corrective updates. 86 FR 69544, 69558.
In the public meeting following the September 2019 NOPR,
Westinghouse expressed a generalized concern that previously-compliant
ceiling fans may become non-compliant under the representations and
rounding requirements depending on how a manufacturer had been
rounding. (Westinghouse, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 84-
86) In response to the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter agreed with the
blade span rounding and with the proposed tolerances for ceiling to
blade distance. (Hunter No. 29 at p. 4) ALA recommended that DOE always
use the standard rounding method, meaning all numbers are rounded to
the nearest whole number or whatever decimal place is required. ALA
stated that defining a set rounding process would hopefully eliminate
inconsistencies with the required measurements. (ALA, No. 34 at p. 4)
In response to the December 2021 SNOPR, ALA supported the airflow
at high speed rounding proposal, and encouraged DOE to harmonize the
test report data with data required for the EnergyGuide label and to
require rounding to no more than two digits. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) AMCA
supported DOE's proposed requirements for representations of airflow at
high speed as well as the rounding specifically for large-diameter and
LDBD ceiling fans. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 10)
DOE appreciates the concern set forth by Westinghouse. The
represented value and rounding requirements adopted in
[[Page 50413]]
this final rule are consistent with current industry and laboratory
practice. In addition, comments received in response to the September
2019 NOPR and December 2021 SNOPR indicate that industry is generally
in agreement with the proposed updates. Therefore, DOE does not expect
the represented value and rounding requirements adopted in this final
rule to impact represented values.
With regards to airflow rounding, DOE notes that the proposed
amendments were consistent with the FTC EnergyGuide label and the DOE
guidance document to determine the measurements needed for the FTC
label.\25\ The key components of the guidance document are codified in
this final rule, as discussed in section III.O of this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ DOE guidance document available at www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/pdfs/ftc_label_calc_method_2016-10-21.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accordingly, in this final rule, DOE is establishing the
represented value and rounding requirements proposed in the September
2019 NOPR and December 2021 SNOPR, as presented in Table III.1 of this
document. Further, DOE is updating the definitions in section 1 of
appendix U to reference the updated represented values.
Table III.1--Represented Value and Rounding
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Represented value and rounding
Represented value requirement
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blade span........................ Is the mean of the blade spans
measured for the sample selected as
described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest inch.
Blade RPM......................... Is the mean of the blade RPMs
measured for the sample selected as
described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest RPM.
Blade edge thickness.............. Is the mean of the blade edge
thickness measured for the sample
selected as described in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(1), rounded to the 0.01
inch.
Distance between the ceiling and Is the mean of the distances
the lowest point on the fan measured for the sample selected as
blades. described in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(1),
rounded to the nearest quarter of
an inch.
Tip speed......................... Shall be pi multiplied by
represented value of blade span
divided by twelve multiplied by the
represented value of blade RPM,
rounded to the nearest foot per
minute.
Airflow (CFM) at high speed....... Is determined pursuant to 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(i) and rounded to the
nearest CFM.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hunter commented that the method for the ``determination of
represented value'' as defined in 10 CFR 429.32 presents an inherent
problem when calculating the represented value using the lower 90
percent confidence limit outlined in Sec. 429.32. In their comment
submission, Hunter provided an example on situations where the
represented CFM, because of the LCL calculation in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(i)(B), resulted in an unrealistic CFM, in some cases, the
calculated CFM was negative. Accordingly, they urged DOE to consider
alternate solutions to this which does not create undue burden on
manufacturers. (Hunter, No. 29 at p. 6; Hunter, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at p. 100-102)
The statistical calculations that resulted in the negative CFM
values for the example cited by Hunter were largely the result of
significant deviation in the low-speed airflow measurement between
tested units. As noted previously, in response to round robin testing,
DOE is adopting several provisions designed to improve the
repeatability of the small-diameter ceiling fan airflow measurements,
particularly at low-speeds. Specifically, DOE is adopting an
alternative definition for low speed and alternative stability criteria
for average air velocity measurements at low speed; including explicit
sensor arm stabilization instructions; allowing the use of a test setup
with two arms; and specifying mounting alignment of air velocity
sensors. Taken together, these amendments will improve the
repeatability of the DOE test procedure, ensuring the rated airflow is
closer to the true mean airflow of the population without additional
test burden.
DOE further notes that despite these provisions, it is still
possible one tested sample is an outlier unit that does not represent
the basic model airflow well. In this case, the statistical equations
in 10 CFR 429.32 may impact the rated airflow of the product. However,
DOE notes that 10 CFR 429.11(b) states that the ``minimum number of
units tested shall be no less than two'' and therefore more than two
units can be used to reduce the statistical variance of the measured
airflow.
N. Product-Specific Enforcement Provisions
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to add provisions to 10
CFR 429.134 for verification of the represented values in 10 CFR
429.134, to be used in the context of enforcement of the relevant
efficiency standards. 84 FR 51440, 51451. The following paragraphs
describe the proposed DOE verification provisions for each parameter.
DOE proposed that the represented blade span would be valid if the
rounded measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or
the mean of the measured values for a multiple unit sample, rounded to
the nearest inch) are the same as the represented blade span. Id. This
effectively would provide a range of approximately 1 inch that would
require the same minimum ceiling fan efficiency. DOE proposed that if
the represented blade span is found to be valid, that blade span would
be used as the basis for calculating minimum allowable ceiling fan
efficiency. Id. If the represented blade span were found to be invalid,
the rounded measured blade span would serve as the basis for
calculating the minimum allowable ceiling fan efficiency. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented blade RPM at high speed would be
valid if the measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single
unit, or the mean of the measured values for a multiple unit sample,
rounded to the nearest RPM) are within the greater of 1% or 1 RPM of
the represented blade RPM at high speed. Id. DOE proposed that, if the
represented RPM were found to be valid, that RPM would be used as the
basis for determining the product class. Id. If the certified RPM were
found to be invalid, the measured RPM would serve as the basis for
determining the product class. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented blade edge thickness would be
valid if the measurement(s) (either the
[[Page 50414]]
measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the measured values
for a multiple unit sample, rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch)
are the same as the represented blade edge thickness. Id. DOE proposed
that, if the represented blade edge thickness were found to be valid,
that blade edge thickness would be used as the basis for determining
the product class. If the represented blade edge thickness were found
to be invalid, the rounded measured blade edge thickness would serve as
the basis for determining the product class. Id.
DOE proposed that the represented distance between the lowest point
of the fan blades and the ceiling for each LSSD would be valid if the
measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a multiple unit sample, rounded to the
nearest quarter inch) were the same as the represented distance. Id.
Furthermore, DOE proposed that, if the represented distance were found
to be valid, that distance would be used as the basis for determining
the product class. Id. If the represented distance were found to be
invalid, the rounded measured distance would serve as the basis for
determining the product class. Id.
In response to comments received from the September 2019 NOPR, DOE
further proposed to increase the tolerance for blade RPM measurements
at high speed from 1 percent to 2 percent to
account for voltage variation and equipment resolution. 86 FR 69544,
69558.
In response to the September 2019 NOPR proposal on blade RPM
tolerance, Westinghouse encouraged DOE to clarify that the RPM
tolerance is only for large-diameter ceiling fans. (Westinghouse,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 89-90) In response to the
December 2021 SNOPR proposal, ALA supported the blade RPM tolerance
proposal, and requested that DOE clarify that the blade RPM proposal
only applied to large-diameter ceiling fans. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 3) AMCA
also supported DOE's proposed requirements for tolerance requirements
for measuring blade RPM for large-diameter ceiling fans and LDBD
ceiling fans. (AMCA, No. 43 at p. 10)
DOE discussed both in the September 2019 NOPR and December 2021
SNOPR that the proposed blade RPM tolerance for product-specific
enforcement purposes extends to high speed for all ceiling fans. 84 FR
51440, 51451; 86 FR 69544, 69558. Blade RPM at high speed is used to
determine whether a ceiling fan may be a highly-decorative ceiling fan
(section 1.9 of appendix U, renumbered as section 1.10 of appendix U in
this final rule) and is used to calculate tip speed (see section
III.M). The proposed tolerance was applicable to product-specific
enforcement purposes only, and was not applicable to the large-diameter
ceiling fan active mode RPM test requirements specified in section
3.5(2) of appendix U. Both the September 2019 NOPR and December 2021
SNOPR did not propose any changes regarding RPM tolerance as it relates
to active mode testing for large-diameter ceiling fans.
In the public meeting following the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter
commented that the effect of gravity can result in different blade-to-
ceiling measurements depending on where along the ceiling fan blade the
measurement is taken, and that DOE needs to consider this effect.
(Hunter, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at p. 71) In comments
submitted in response to the September 2019 NOPR, Hunter stated that
they agreed with the proposed tolerances for ceiling to blade distance.
(Hunter No. 29 at p. 5)
As discussed in section III.M, blade to ceiling measurements are
based on the distance between the lowest point of the fan blades and
the ceiling. As such, any effects of gravity must be considered when
measuring from the lowest point of fan blades.
In this final rule, DOE is adopting the product-specific
enforcement verification provisions proposed in the September 2019 NOPR
and December 2021 SNOPR, as presented in Table III.2.
Table III.2--Product-Specific Enforcement Verification
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Represented value Enforcement verification
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blade span........................ Measurement(s) (either the measured
value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to
the nearest inch) are the same as
the represented blade span.
Blade RPM......................... Measurement(s) (either the measured
value for a single unit, or the
mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to
the nearest RPM) are within 2% of
the represented blade RPM at high
speed.
Blade edge thickness.............. If the measurement(s) (either the
measured value for a single unit,
or the mean of the measured values
for a multiple unit sample, rounded
to the 0.01 inch) are the same as
the represented blade edge
thickness.
Distance between the ceiling and Measurement(s) (either the measured
the lowest point on the fan value for a single unit, or the
blades. mean of the measured values for a
multiple unit sample, rounded to
the nearest 0.25 inch) are the same
as the represented distance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
O. Calculation Methodology for Values Reported on the EnergyGuide Label
FTC requires an EnergyGuide label for any covered product that is a
ceiling fan, except for large diameter and HSSD ceiling fans. See 16
CFR 305.3(g); 16 CFR 305.21(a)(1).
The EnergyGuide label for ceiling fans reports values for four key
metrics: (1) Airflow Efficiency, in CFM/W; (2) Airflow, in CFM; (3)
Energy Use, in W; and (4) Estimated Yearly Energy Cost, in dollars. See
16 CFR 305.21(a)(1). On October 21, 2016, DOE published a guidance
document explaining how to calculate these values, based on
measurements taken in accordance with appendix U.\26\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ DOE guidance document available at www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/pdfs/ftc_label_calc_method_2016-10-21.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the September 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to codify at 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3) the calculations required to determine the values
presented on the EnergyGuide label for ceiling fans. 84 FR 51440,
51447.
In response to the September 2019 NOPR, Westinghouse, ALA, and BAF
requested that DOE clarify that the FTC EnergyGuide Label only applies
to LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, but not HSSD and large-diameter ceiling
fans. (Westinghouse, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 64-65;
ALA, No. 34 at p. 4; BAF, No. 36 at p. 2) BAF further commented that
some HSSD ceiling fans on the market have the FTC label, but that it is
modified for the purposes of the HSSD fan. (BAF, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 28 at pp. 63-64) AMCA also stated that clarifying how
to perform the testing and calculations for the EnergyGuide label would
decrease the likelihood of error in testing. (AMCA, No. 33 at p. 8)
Hunter supported the proposal to codify
[[Page 50415]]
guidance for the FTC label. (Hunter, No. 29 at p. 4)
DOE notes that in the context of the FTC Energy Label Rule,
``ceiling fan'' is defined to exclude ``large-diameter and high-speed
small diameter fans as defined in appendix U of subpart B of 10 CFR
part 430.'' 16 CFR 305.3(g).
The CA IOUs requested that DOE work with the FTC to provide airflow
and power at high and low speeds on the FTC label. The CA IOUs stated
that high-speed airflow and power values are required on design
documents to comply with ASHRAE standard 90.1. (CA IOUs, No. 46 at p.
4)
DOE did not receive comments on the substance of the calculations
in the DOE guidance document and proposed to be codified in regulation.
DOE notes that it has no authority to make changes the FTC
EnergyGuide label. DOE notes that under the FTC's Energy Label Rule,
representations for ceiling fans must be derived from applicable DOE
test procedures in 10 CFR parts 429 and 430. 16 CFR 305.8(c). The
following sections discuss the calculation methods codified in
regulation in this final rule for each of the four values presented on
the EnergyGuide label.
1. Airflow Efficiency
The EnergyGuide label's Airflow Efficiency value corresponds to the
ceiling fan's represented value of efficiency (see 10 CFR 429.32(a)),
in CFM/W, which is calculated in section 4 of appendix U.
2. Airflow
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, the airflow value reported on the
EnergyGuide label represents the weighted-average airflow of a ceiling
fan, in which the weighted average is based on an average of airflow at
low and high fan speeds. The weight given to each speed represents the
average operating hours at that speed normalized by the total average
operating hours in active mode. The average operating hours are
consistent with those defined in Table 3 in appendix U. DOE is
including in 10 CFR part 429 the following equation, as specified in
the current guidance, to calculate this value:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.000
Where:
CFMave = represented value of ceiling fan airflow, rounded to the
nearest CFM.
CFMLow = represented value of measured airflow, in cubic feet per
minute, at low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this
section.
CFMHigh = represented value of measured airflow, in cubic feet per
minute, at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this
section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
Section 3.3 of appendix U specifies the procedures for measuring
the airflow at the high and low speed settings. The measurements of
airflow for each setting specified by the equation above must be based
on the represented value of measured airflow from a sample of at least
two ceiling fans, in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(i). The represented value for airflow is then calculated
using the represented value of measured airflow for each setting
specified by the equation.
3. Energy Use
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, the energy use \27\ value reported
on the EnergyGuide label represents the weighted-average power
consumption of the ceiling fan, in which the weighted average is based
on an average of the power consumption at low and high fan speeds and
in standby mode. The weight given to each speed and to standby mode
corresponds to the average operating hours at that setting normalized
by the total average operating hours in active mode. As with the
airflow calculation, the average operating hours are consistent with
those defined in Table 3 in appendix U. DOE is including in 10 CFR part
429 the following equation, as specified in the current guidance, to
calculate this value:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ DOE recognizes that the term ``energy use'' on the
EnergyGuide label would be more accurately described as power
consumption, or a rate of energy use.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where:
Wave = represented value power consumption, rounded to the nearest
watt,
WLow = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts, at
low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts,
at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
WSb = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts, in
standby mode, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
Section 3.3 of appendix U outlines the procedures for measuring the
power consumption at the high and low speed settings, as well as in
standby mode (if applicable). The measurements of power consumption for
each setting specified by the equation above must be based on the
represented value of power consumption measured from a sample of at
least two ceiling fans, in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR
429.32(a)(2)(ii). The represented value of power consumption use is
then calculated using the represented value of measured power
consumption for each setting specified by the equation.
4. Estimated Yearly Energy Cost
For LSSD and VSD ceiling fans, estimated yearly energy cost
represents the estimated cost to a consumer of the energy consumed in
operating a ceiling
[[Page 50416]]
fan for a year. Time spent at low speed, high speed, and in standby
mode is based on the average operating hours listed in Table 3 in
appendix U. DOE is including in 10 CFR part 429 the following equation,
as specified in the current guidance, to calculate this value:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.002
Where:
EYEC = represented value for estimated yearly energy cost, rounded
to the nearest dollar,
WLow = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts, at
low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts,
at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
WSb = represented value of measured power consumption, in watts, in
standby mode, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
CKWH = representative average unit cost of electrical energy in
dollars per kilowatt-hour pursuant to 16 CFR part 305.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U.
365 = number of days per year.
1000 = conversion factor from watts to kilowatts.
In calculating this value, the daily operating hours in active mode
are assumed to be 6.4 hours per day. Section 3.3 of appendix U outlines
the procedures for measuring the power consumption at the high and low
speed settings, as well as in standby mode (if applicable). The
measurements of power consumption for each setting specified by the
equation above must be based on the represented value of power
consumption measured from a sample of at least two ceiling fans, in
accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 429.32(a)(2)(ii). The
represented value for estimated yearly energy cost is then calculated
using the represented value of measured power consumption for each
setting specified by the equation.
P. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
In this final rule, DOE is amending the existing test procedure for
ceiling fans by (1) including a definition for ``circulating air'' for
the purpose of the ceiling fan definition; (2) extending the scope of
the test procedure to include large diameter fans with a diameter
greater than 24 feet; (3) expanding the test procedure to high-speed
belt-driven ceiling fans; (4) maintaining applicability of standby
power for large-diameter ceiling fans; (5) clarifying test voltage
requirements for large-diameter ceiling fans; (6) specifying test
procedures for ceiling fans with accessories or features that do not
relate to the ceiling fan's ability to create airflow by the rotation
of the fan blades; (7) clarifying that VSD ceiling fans that do not
also meet the definition of LSSD fan are not required to be tested
pursuant to the DOE test method; (8) amending the definition for low-
speed; (9) increasing the tolerance for the stability criteria for the
average air velocity measurements for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans; (10)
allowing two-arm sensor setup and requiring sensor arm(s) to stabilize
for 30 seconds prior to rotating sensor axes; (11) clarifying air
velocity sensor mounting position; (12) providing instructions to
measure blade thickness; (13) amending instrument measurement
resolution; (14) amending represented values, and rounding and
enforcement provisions for ceiling fans; (15) codifying in regulation
existing guidance on the method for calculating several values reported
on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide label using results
from the ceiling fan test procedures in appendix U to subpart B of 10
CFR part 430 and represented values in 10 CFR part 429; and (16)
updating the reference to AMCA 230-15 to reference the version that
includes the 2021 errata sheet. DOE has determined that the amended
test procedure will not be unduly burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct.
ALA commented that no matter how minimal the changes are to the
test procedures, in most manufacturers' experience, third-party testing
costs never go down. As such, they noted that any changes that requires
additional testing will be a burden to manufacturers, increase costs to
American consumers, and hinder research and development. (ALA, No. 45
at p. 4) Separately, ALA also generally noted in the January 11th
public meeting that the costs associated with testing never goes down.
(ALA, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 42 at p. 7) Further discussion of
the cost impacts of the test procedure amendments are presented in the
following paragraphs.
1. Cost Impacts for the Scope Related Amendments
As discussed in section III.A of this document, DOE is defining
``circulating air'' to differentiate fans for ``circulating air''
(i.e., ceiling fans) from other products that are not considered to be
a ceiling fan for the purposes of the EPCA definition for ceiling fans;
and to include large-diameter ceiling fans greater than 24 feet in
diameter and certain belt-driven ceiling fans within the scope of the
test procedure.
Regarding DOE's determination to include a definition for
``circulating air,'' DOE identified that certain high-speed VSD ceiling
fans with a diameter-to-maximum operating speed ratio less than 0.06
will be excluded from the ceiling fan scope. As discussed, VSD ceiling
fans represent less than one percent of the total ceiling fan market.
Furthermore, the segment of VSD ceiling fans that would be excluded
from the ceiling fan scope would represent a portion of the less than
one percent of the market. While the definition as established would
likely result in a small cost savings for VSD ceiling fan
manufacturers, DOE conservatively did not include these cost savings as
part of the cost impact calculations.
Regarding including within the scope of the test procedure large-
diameter ceiling fans greater than 24 feet in diameter, while DOE is
aware of two LDCF models with a diameter greater than 24 feet (see
discussion in section III.A.2.a), DOE understands that these models are
already tested using the DOE test procedure. As such, DOE does not
expect any test procedure cost impacts resulting from the expansion of
the test procedure scope to include large-diameter ceiling fans with a
diameter greater than 24 feet.
Additionally, DOE is amending the test procedure to cover certain
belt-driven ceiling fans. There are no energy conservation standards
applicable these certain belt-driven ceiling fans. As such,
manufacturers would not be required to test such belt-driven ceiling
fans according to the DOE test procedure unless a manufacturer
voluntarily chooses to make representations as to the energy efficiency
or energy use of such ceiling fans. Based on third-party
[[Page 50417]]
laboratory test cost quotes to test these belt-driven ceiling fans in
accordance with AMCA 230-15, DOE estimates that it would cost
manufacturers approximately $3,165 to test one HSBD unit at both high
speed and 40 percent speed. DOE requires at least two units be tested.
Therefore, DOE estimates it would cost manufacturers approximately
$6,330 per HSBD basic model. DOE notes that the test procedure
applicable under appendix U is substantively the relevant industry
standard, i.e., AMCA 230-15. To the extent that a manufacturer is
already making representations as to the energy efficiency or energy
use of such fans, DOE expects that the testing is based on AMCA 230-15,
and therefore this final rule would not require additional testing.
2. Cost Impacts for Stability Criteria
This final rule includes amendments analyzed in the September 2019
NOPR increasing the tolerance for the stability criteria for the
average air velocity measurements of LSSD and VSD ceiling fans that
meet the definition of LSSD ceiling fans at low speed. 84 FR 51440,
51446. DOE had identified cost savings that manufacturers would likely
experience from avoiding the need to purchase additional and more-
costly air velocity sensors to meet the stability criteria required by
the prior test procedure.
To test ceiling fans up to 84 inches in diameter with an air
velocity sensor every 4 inches and in all four axes could require a
manufacturer to purchase, calibrate, and install as many as 45 upgraded
sensors. In this final rule, DOE estimates that this investment would
be approximately $50,000 per manufacturer for these upgraded sensors.
DOE estimated that at least two ceiling fan manufacturers have in-house
testing facilities that would have had to invest in upgraded sensors to
meet the stability criteria to comply with the current test procedure--
each of which would avoid approximately $50,000 in one-time costs.
3. Cost Impacts for Low Speed Definition
As discussed in section III.F of this document, DOE is amending the
low speed definition, which is required to test LSSD ceiling fans. This
amendment may require retesting a subset of LSSD ceiling fans. DOE
conservatively estimates that approximately 10 percent of LSSD ceiling
fans with more than three speed settings will be affected by the low
speed definition change and will have to be retested in active mode
using the new low speed definition. Further, DOE estimates that the
test procedure for LSSD ceiling fans will cost $1,500 on average per
basic model active mode test.
4. Cost Impacts for Other Test Procedure Amendments
DOE does not anticipate that the remainder of the amendments in
this final rule will increase test costs.
The amendment to measure standby power using the test method in
section 3.6 of appendix U for LDCFs is not required until such time as
compliance is required with an energy conservation standard for standby
mode, unless a manufacturer voluntarily chooses to make representations
as to the standby power. To the extent that a manufacturer is already
making representations as to standby power of such fans, DOE expects
that the testing is based on section 3.6 of appendix U, and therefore
this final rule would not require additional testing. The amendment to
allow a two-arm sensor setup is in addition to the single-arm and four-
arm setup already allowed in appendix U. The amendment to require that
the sensor arm stabilize for an extra 30 seconds before moving axes
should allow for more accurate air velocity measurements, resulting in
fewer repetitions to meet the stability requirement. The amendments to
specify air velocity sensor mounting position, measure blade thickness,
testing for ceiling fans with accessories, test voltage requirements
for large diameter ceiling fans, and not requiring testing VSD ceiling
fans that do not also meet the definition of LSSD fan are
clarifications. The amendments for instrument measurement resolution,
represented values, rounding and enforcement provisions for ceiling
fans are consistent with current industry and laboratory practice.
Finally, the amendments to codify the calculations required to
determine the values presented on the EnergyGuide label for ceiling
fans is consistent with current FTC requirements.
Q. Effective and Compliance Dates
The effective date for the adopted test procedure amendment will be
30 days after publication of this final rule in the Federal Register.
EPCA prescribes that all representations of energy efficiency and
energy use, including those made on marketing materials and product
labels, must be made in accordance with an amended test procedure,
beginning 180 days after publication of the final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2)) EPCA provides an allowance for
individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension of the 180-
day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To receive such an extension,
petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days before the end
of the 180-day period and must detail how the manufacturer will
experience undue hardship. (Id.) To the extent the modified test
procedure adopted in this final rule is required only for the
evaluation and issuance of updated efficiency standards, compliance
with the amended test procedure does not require use of such modified
test procedure provisions until the compliance date of updated
standards.
ALA urged DOE to allow for a 180-day delay after the effective date
of the test procedure for an issuance of a proposed energy conservation
standard. ALA stated that while the Process Rule at 10 CFR part 430,
subpart C, appendix A does not require a 180-day delay, ALA strongly
believes that the waiting period is warranted should DOE decide to
amend the test procedure as proposed. (ALA, No. 45 at p. 2)
This final rule is with regards to the test procedures only. DOE
notes that it has published a notification of a webinar and
availability of preliminary technical support document to evaluate
potential energy conservation standards for ceiling fans. 87 FR 7758
(February 10, 2022). DOE has not proposed amended energy conservation
standards for ceiling fans.
Upon the compliance date of test procedure provisions in this final
rule any waivers or interim waivers that had been previously issued and
are in effect that pertain to issues addressed by such provisions are
terminated. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3). Recipients of any such waivers are
required to test the products subject to the waiver according to the
amended test procedure as of the compliance date of the amended test
procedure. The amendments adopted in this document in section III.I
pertain to issues addressed by waivers granted to BAF, Case No. 2017-
011. On October 16, 2018, DOE published a notice of a Decision and
Order (Case Number 2017-011) that granted BAF a waiver from specified
portions of appendix U and required BAF to test and rate specified
basic models of its ceiling fans in accordance with the alternate test
procedure specified in the Decision and Order. 83 FR 52213. The
amendments adopted in section III.H of this final rule incorporate the
same alternate stability criteria for low speed (from 5 percent to 10
percent) as provided in the Decision and Order. Id. at 83 FR 52216.
That Decision and Order terminates on the
[[Page 50418]]
effective date of this final rule specified in the DATES heading.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866 and 13563
Executive Order (``E.O.'') 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review,'' as supplemented and reaffirmed by E.O. 13563, ``Improving
Regulation and Regulatory Review, 76 FR 3821 (Jan. 21, 2011), requires
agencies, to the extent permitted by law, to (1) propose or adopt a
regulation only upon a reasoned determination that its benefits justify
its costs (recognizing that some benefits and costs are difficult to
quantify); (2) tailor regulations to impose the least burden on
society, consistent with obtaining regulatory objectives, taking into
account, among other things, and to the extent practicable, the costs
of cumulative regulations; (3) select, in choosing among alternative
regulatory approaches, those approaches that maximize net benefits
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety,
and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity); (4) to the
extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than specifying
the behavior or manner of compliance that regulated entities must
adopt; and (5) identify and assess available alternatives to direct
regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage the
desired behavior, such as user fees or marketable permits, or providing
information upon which choices can be made by the public. DOE
emphasizes as well that E.O. 13563 requires agencies to use the best
available techniques to quantify anticipated present and future
benefits and costs as accurately as possible. In its guidance, the
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in the Office
of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has emphasized that such techniques
may include identifying changing future compliance costs that might
result from technological innovation or anticipated behavioral changes.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, this final regulatory action is
consistent with these principles.
Section 6(a) of E.O. 12866 also requires agencies to submit
``significant regulatory actions'' to OIRA for review. OIRA has
determined that this final regulatory action does not constitute a
``significant regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866.
Accordingly, this action was not submitted to OIRA for review under
E.O. 12866.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of a final regulatory flexibility analysis (FRFA) for any
final rule where the agency was first required by law to publish a
proposed rule for public comment, unless the agency certifies that the
rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As required by Executive Order
13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency Rulemaking,''
67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE published procedures and policies on
February 19, 2003 to ensure that the potential impacts of its rules on
small entities are properly considered during the DOE rulemaking
process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available
on the Office of the General Counsel's website: www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE has recently conducted a focused inquiry into small business
manufacturers of the ceiling fans covered by this rulemaking. DOE used
available public information to identify potential small manufacturers.
DOE accessed the Compliance Certification Database \28\ to create a
list of companies that import or otherwise manufacture the ceiling fans
covered by this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ U.S. Department of Energy Compliance Certification
Database, available at: www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data/products.html#q=Product_Group_s%3A*.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections detail DOE's FRFA for this test procedure
final rule.
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
DOE is amending the existing DOE test procedures for ceiling fans.
DOE shall amend test procedures with respect to any covered product, if
the Secretary determines that amended test procedures would more
accurately produce test results which measure energy efficiency, energy
use, or estimated annual operating cost of a covered product during a
representative average use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
DOE is required to review existing DOE test procedures for all
covered products every 7 years. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
For manufacturers of ceiling fans, the Small Business
Administration (``SBA'') has set a size threshold, which defines those
entities classified as ``small businesses'' for the purposes of the
statute. DOE used the SBA's small business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be subject to the requirements of the
rule. See 13 CFR part 121. The size standards are listed by North
American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') code and industry
description available at: www.sba.gov/document/support--table-size-
standards. Ceiling fan manufacturing is classified under NAICS code
335210, ``Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a
threshold of 1,500 employees or less for an entity to be considered as
a small business for this category.
To estimate the number of companies that manufacture ceiling fans
covered by this rulemaking, DOE used data from DOE's publicly available
Compliance Certification Database (``CCD''). DOE's small business
search focused on companies that sell at least one LSSD ceiling fan
model with more than three speed settings as well as small businesses
that sell HSBD or LDBD ceiling fans, since those are the only
manufacturers, large or small, that are estimated to potentially incur
any costs due to the test procedure amendments.
DOE identified 10 potential domestic small businesses that
manufacture at least one LSSD ceiling fan with more than three speed
settings. These 10 potential domestic small businesses sell
approximately 325 unique LSSD ceiling fans with more than three speed
settings. Additionally, DOE identified four potential domestic small
businesses that manufacture HSBD ceiling fans. These four potential
domestic small businesses sell 16 known HSBD ceiling fan models.
Further, while DOE is aware of two LDCF models with a diameter greater
than 24 feet, DOE understands that these models are already tested
using the DOE test procedure. Therefore, elimination of the 24-foot
threshold from the test procedure update will not add test burden.
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
In this final rule, DOE is amending the existing test procedure for
ceiling fans by (1) including a definition for ``circulating air'' for
the purpose of the ceiling fan definition; (2) extending the scope of
the test procedure to include large diameter fans with a diameter
greater than 24 feet; (3) expanding the test procedure to high-speed
belt-driven ceiling fans; (4) maintaining applicability of standby
power for large-diameter ceiling fans; (5) clarifying test voltage
requirements for large-diameter
[[Page 50419]]
ceiling fans; (6) specifying test procedures for ceiling fans with
accessories or features that do not relate to the ceiling fan's ability
to create airflow by the rotation of the fan blades; (7) clarifying
that VSD ceiling fans that do not also meet the definition of LSSD fan
are not required to be tested pursuant to the DOE test method; (8)
amending the definition for low-speed; (9) increasing the tolerance for
the stability criteria for the average air velocity measurements for
LSSD and VSD ceiling fans; (10) allowing two-arm sensor setup and
requiring sensor arm to stabilize for 30 seconds prior to rotating
sensor axes; (11) clarifying air velocity sensor mounting position;
(12) providing instructions to measure blade thickness; (13) amending
instrument measurement resolution; (14) amending represented values,
rounding and enforcement provisions for ceiling fans; (15) codifying in
regulation existing guidance on the method for calculating several
values reported on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide label
using results from the ceiling fan test procedures in appendix U to
subpart B of 10 CFR part 430 and represented values in 10 CFR part 429;
and (16) updating the reference to AMCA 230-15 to reference the version
that includes the 2021 errata sheet. DOE has determined that the
amended test procedure will not be unduly burdensome for manufacturers
to conduct.
DOE estimates that some ceiling fan manufacturers would experience
a cost from the test procedure amendments, due to retesting specific
LSSD ceiling fans at low speed. Additionally, DOE estimates that some
ceiling fan manufacturers would experience a cost savings from the test
procedure amendment regarding the stability criteria for average air
velocity measurements by not having to purchase sensors.
As stated previously, DOE identified 10 potential domestic small
businesses selling approximately 325 unique LSSD ceiling fans with more
than three speed settings. DOE previously estimated that approximately
10 percent of LSSD ceiling fan models with more than three speed
settings would be required to re-test their models using the amended
definition for low-speed. Therefore, DOE estimates that approximately
33 ceiling fan models sold by domestic small businesses would need to
be re-tested due to this test procedure amendment. DOE previously
estimated that it costs manufacturers approximately $1,500 for a third-
party lab to conduct this test. Therefore, DOE estimates that all
domestic small businesses would incur approximately $49,500 to re-test
certain LSSD ceiling fans to the new low-speed definition. DOE
estimates that the annual revenue of these 10 potential domestic small
businesses that sell at least one LSSD ceiling fan with more than three
speed settings range from approximately $1.7 million to over $250
million, with a median value of approximately $36 million.
Additionally, as stated in the previous section, DOE identified
four potential domestic small businesses selling 16 HSBD ceiling fan
models.
DOE estimates that the test procedure for belt-driven ceiling fans
would cost manufacturers approximately $6,330 per basic model to test
in accordance with this test procedure. Therefore, DOE estimates that
domestic small businesses would incur a one-time cost of approximately
$101,280 to conduct testing for the expanded scope of belt-driven
ceiling fan. DOE estimates that the annual revenue of these four
potential domestic small businesses that sell at least one HSBD ceiling
fan range from approximately $79,000 to $16 million.
DOE presents the estimated testing costs and annual revenue for
each potential small business manufacturer of belt-driven fans in Table
IV.1.
Table IV.1--Testing Costs for Small Businesses Manufacturing Belt-Driven Fans
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Testing costs
belt-driven Estimated Estimated as a percent
Company ceiling fan testing cost annual of annual
models revenue revenue
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small Business 1................................ 9 $56,970 $16,000,000 0.3
Small Business 2................................ 5 31,650 79,000 36.3
Small Business 3................................ 1 6,330 1,500,000 0.4
Small Business 4................................ 1 6,330 97,000 6.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or regulations that duplicate,
overlap, or conflict with this final rule.
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
As previously stated in this section, DOE is required to review
existing DOE test procedures for all covered products every 7 years.
Additionally, DOE shall amend test procedures with respect to any
covered product, if the Secretary determines that amended test
procedures would more accurately produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative average use cycle or period of
use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)) DOE has determined that the test
procedure amendments for ceiling fans would more accurately produce
test results to measure the energy efficiency of ceiling fans.
While DOE recognizes that requiring ceiling fan manufacturers to
retest specific LSSD ceiling fans at low speed, and expanding the scope
to HSBD ceiling fans would cause manufacturers to re-test or test some
ceiling fan models, the costs to re-test and test these models are
inexpensive for most ceiling fan manufacturers. DOE has tentatively
determined that there are no better alternatives than the amended test
procedures, in terms of both meeting the agency's objectives to
accurately measure energy efficiency and reduce burden on
manufacturers. Therefore, DOE is amending the existing DOE test
procedure for ceiling fans, as established in this final rule.
Additional compliance flexibilities may be available through other
means. EPCA provides that a manufacturer whose annual gross revenue
from all of its operations does not exceed $8 million for the 12-month
period preceding the date of the application may apply for an exemption
from all or part of an energy conservation standard for a period not
longer than 24 months after the effective date of a final rule
establishing the standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(t)) Additionally,
manufacturers subject to DOE's energy efficiency standards may apply to
DOE's Office of Hearings and Appeals for exception relief under certain
circumstances. Manufacturers should refer to 10 CFR
[[Page 50420]]
part 430, subpart E, and 10 CFR part 1003 for additional details on
these additional compliance flexibilities.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of ceiling fans must certify to DOE that their
products comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including ceiling fans.
(See generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-information
requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is subject to
review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA'').
This requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control number
1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, certifying compliance, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE establishes test procedure amendments that
it expects will be used to develop and implement future energy
conservation standards for ceiling fans. DOE has determined that this
rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically excluded from
review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
4321 et seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, DOE has determined that adopting test procedures for
measuring energy efficiency of consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 4,
1999), imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and
implementing policies or regulations that preempt State law or that
have federalism implications. The Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any
action that would limit the policymaking discretion of the States and
to carefully assess the necessity for such actions. The Executive order
also requires agencies to have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have Federalism implications.
On March 14, 2000, DOE published a statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE examined this final
rule and determined that it will not have a substantial direct effect
on the States, on the relationship between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this final rule. States can petition
DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and based on
criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is
required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
this final rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a regulatory action resulting in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this final
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
[[Page 50421]]
that may affect family well-being. This final rule will not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a
Family Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation will not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this final rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any significant energy action. A
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any significant energy action, the
agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on energy
supply, distribution, or use if the regulation is implemented, and of
reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has
it been designated as a significant energy action by the Administrator
of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or
industry standards on competition.
The modifications to the test procedure for ceiling fans adopted in
this final rule incorporate testing methods contained in certain
sections of the following commercial standards: ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-
15 (``AMCA 230-15''), ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air Circulating
Fans for Rating and Certification, Includes Errata (2021).'' DOE has
evaluated this standard and is unable to conclude whether it fully
complies with the requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e.,
whether it was developed in a manner that fully provides for public
participation, comment, and review.) DOE has consulted with both the
Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC about the impact on
competition of using the methods contained in these standards and has
received no comments objecting to their use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of this rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
N. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
The Director of the Federal Register previously approved AMCA 208-
18 for incorporation by reference into appendix U to subpart B: The
procedure defines the fan energy index (``FEI''), outlines the
calculations necessary to obtain it, and discusses the test conditions
and configurations it applies to.
In this final rule, DOE incorporates by reference the following
standards:
AMCA 230-15, ``Laboratory Methods of Testing Air Circulating Fans
for Rating and Certification'', including AMCA 230-15 Technical Errata
2021-05-05, ``Technical Errata Sheet for ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15:
Density Corrections'', dated May 5, 2021. AMCA 230-15 is an industry-
accepted test procedure for measuring the airflow efficiency of
commercial and industrial ceiling fans.
IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby
power, (Edition 2.0, 2011-01). The procedure provides a basis for
standby-mode testing.
The AMCA standards are available from Air Movement and Control
Association International, Inc. (AMCA), 30 West University Drive,
Arlington Heights, IL 60004, (847) 394-0150, or by going to
www.amca.org/store.
The IEC standard is available from International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC), 3 Rue de Varembe, Case Postale 131, 1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland, https://webstore.iec.ch/ and from the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY
10036, (212) 642-4900, https://webstore.ansi.org.
V. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this final
rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
[[Page 50422]]
Intergovernmental relations, Small businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on August 2,
2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated
authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original
signature and date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes
only, and in compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on August 3, 2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE amends parts 429 and
430 of chapter II of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations as set forth
below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.32 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the paragraph (a)(2) introductory text and paragraph
(a)(2)(ii)(B); and
0
b. Adding paragraphs (a)(3) and (4);
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 429.32 Ceiling fans.
(a) * * *
(2) For each basic model of ceiling fan, a sample of sufficient
size must be randomly selected and tested to ensure that--
* * * * *
(ii) * * *
(B) The upper 95 percent confidence limit (UCL) of the true mean
divided by 1.1, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.003
And x is the sample mean; s is the sample standard deviation; n is
the number of samples; and t0.95 is the t statistic for a
95% one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom (from
appendix A to this subpart); and
(3) For each basic model of ceiling fan,
(i) Any represented value of blade span, as defined in section 1.4
of appendix U to subpart B of part 430, is the mean of the blade spans
measured for the sample selected as described in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section, rounded to the nearest inch;
(ii) Any represented value of blade revolutions per minute (RPM) is
the mean of the blade RPM measurements measured for the sample selected
as described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rounded to the
nearest RPM;
(iii) Any represented value of blade edge thickness is the mean of
the blade edge thicknesses measured for the sample selected as
described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rounded to the nearest
0.01 inch;
(iv) Any represented value of the distance between the ceiling and
the lowest point on the fan blades is the mean of the distances
measured for the sample selected as described in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section, rounded to the nearest quarter of an inch;
(v) Any represented value of tip speed is pi multiplied by
represented value of blade span divided by twelve multiplied by the
represented value of RPM, rounded to the nearest foot per minute; and
(vi) Any represented value of airflow (CFM) at high speed,
including the value used to determine whether a ceiling fan is a
highly-decorative ceiling fan as defined in section 1.10 of appendix U
to subpart B of part 430, is determined pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
and rounded to the nearest CFM.
(4) To determine representative values of airflow, energy use, and
estimated yearly energy cost of an LSSD or VSD ceiling fan basic model,
use the following provisions.
(i) Airflow. Determine the represented value for airflow by
calculating the weighted-average airflow of an LSSD or VSD ceiling fan
basic model at low and high fan speed as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.004
Where:
CFMave = represented value of ceiling fan airflow,
rounded to the nearest CFM.
CFMLow = represented value of measured airflow, in cubic
feet per minute, at low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
CFMHigh = represented value of measured airflow, in cubic
feet per minute, at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(i)
of this section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
(ii) Energy Use. Determine represented value for energy use by
calculating the weighted-average power consumption of an LSSD or VSD
ceiling fan basic model at low and high fan speed as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.005
[[Page 50423]]
Where:
Wave = represented value power consumption, rounded to
the nearest watt,
WLow = represented value of measured power consumption,
in watts, at low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power consumption,
in watts, at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of
this section.
WSb = represented value of measured power consumption, in
watts, in standby mode, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
6.4 = total average daily operating hours.
(iii) Estimated Yearly Energy Cost. Determine the represented value
for estimated yearly energy cost of an LSSD or VSD ceiling fan basic
model at low and high fan speed as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.006
Where:
EYEC = represented value for estimated yearly energy cost, rounded
to the nearest dollar,
WLow = represented value of measured power consumption,
in watts, at low fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
WHigh = represented value of measured power consumption,
in watts, at high fan speed, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of
this section.
WSb = represented value of measured power consumption, in
watts, in standby mode, pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section.
CKWH = representative average unit cost of electrical
energy in dollars per kilowatt-hour pursuant to 16 CFR part 305.
3.0 = average daily operating hours at low fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430
3.4 = average daily operating hours at high fan speed, pursuant to
Table 3 in appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
17.6 = average daily standby mode hours, pursuant to Table 3 in
appendix U to subpart B of part 430.
365 = number of days per year.
1000 = conversion factor from watts to kilowatts.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 429.134 is amended by adding paragraph (t) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(t) Ceiling Fans--(1) Verification of blade span. DOE will measure
the blade span and round the measurement pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 430 of this chapter for each unit tested.
DOE will consider the represented blade span valid only if the rounded
measurement(s) (either the rounded measured value for a single unit, or
the mean of the rounded measured values for a multiple unit sample,
rounded to the nearest inch) is the same as the represented blade span.
(i) If DOE determines that the represented blade span is valid,
that blade span will be used as the basis for determining the product
class and calculating the minimum allowable ceiling fan efficiency.
(ii) If DOE determines that the represented blade span is invalid,
DOE will use the rounded measured blade span(s) as the basis for
determining the product class, and calculating the minimum allowable
ceiling fan efficiency.
(2) Verification of the distance between the ceiling and lowest
point of fan blades. DOE will measure the distance between the ceiling
and lowest point of the fan blades and round the measurement pursuant
to the test requirements of 10 CFR part 430 of this chapter for each
unit tested. DOE will consider the represented distance valid only if
the rounded measurement(s) (either the measured value for a single
unit, or the mean of the measured values for a multiple unit sample,
rounded to the nearest quarter inch) are the same as the represented
distance.
(i) If DOE determines that the represented distance is valid, that
distance will be used as the basis for determining the product class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the represented distance is invalid,
DOE will use the rounded measured distance(s) as the basis for
determining the product class.
(3) Verification of blade revolutions per minute (RPM) measured at
high speed. DOE will measure the blade RPM at high speed pursuant to
the test requirements of 10 CFR part 430 of this chapter for each unit
tested. DOE will consider the represented blade RPM measured at high
speed valid only if the measurement(s) (either the measured value for a
single unit, or the mean of the measured values for a multiple unit
sample, rounded to the nearest RPM) are within 2 percent of the
represented blade RPM at high speed.
(i) If DOE determines that the represented RPM is valid, that RPM
will be used as the basis for determining the product class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the represented RPM is invalid, DOE
will use the rounded measured RPM(s) as the basis for determining the
product class.
(4) Verification of blade edge thickness. DOE will measure the
blade edge thickness and round the measurement pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 430 for each unit tested. DOE will consider
the represented blade edge thickness valid only if the measurement(s)
(either the measured value for a single unit, or the mean of the
measured values for a multiple unit sample, rounded to the nearest 0.01
inch) are the same as the represented blade edge thickness.
(i) If DOE determines that the represented blade edge thickness is
valid, that blade edge thickness will be used for determining product
class.
(ii) If DOE determines that the represented blade edge thickness is
invalid, DOE will use the rounded measured blade edge thickness(es) as
the basis for determining the product class.
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
4. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
5. Section 430.2 is amended by revising the definition of ``Ceiling
fan'' to read as follows:
Sec. 430.2 Definitions.
* * * * *
Ceiling fan means a nonportable device that is suspended from a
ceiling for circulating air via the rotation of fan blades. For the
purpose of this definition:
(1) Circulating air means the discharge of air in an upward or
downward direction. A ceiling fan that has a ratio of fan blade span
(in inches)
[[Page 50424]]
to maximum rotation rate (in revolutions per minute) greater than 0.06
provides circulating air.
(2) For all other ceiling fan related definitions, see appendix U
to this subpart.
* * * * *
0
6. Section 430.3 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (b)(4);
0
b. Adding paragraph (b)(5);
0
c. Revising the introductory text to paragraph (p);
0
d. In paragraph (p)(6), adding the text ``U,'' immediately before the
text ``X,'';
0
e. Removing and reserving paragraph (p)(8); and
0
f. Adding note 1 to paragraph (p).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 430.3 Materials incorporated by reference.
(b) * * *
(4) ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15 (``AMCA 230-15''), Laboratory Methods
of Testing Air Circulating Fans for Rating and Certification, ANSI-
approved October 16, 2015; IBR approved for appendix U of subpart B.
(5) AMCA 230-15 Technical Errata 2021-05-05 (``AMCA 260-15 TE),
Technical Errata Sheet for ANSI/AMCA Standard 230-15: Density
Corrections, dated May 5, 2021; IBR approved for appendix U of subpart
B.
* * * * *
(p) IEC. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 Rue de
Varembe, Case Postale 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; https://webstore.iec.ch/.
* * * * *
Note 2 to paragraph (p). The standards referenced in paragraphs
(p)(1) through (9) are also available from ANSI. See paragraph (e) of
this section.
0
7. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraph (w) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(w) Ceiling fans. Measure the following attributes of a single
ceiling fan in accordance with appendix U to this subpart: airflow;
power consumption; ceiling fan efficiency, as applicable; ceiling fan
energy index (CFEI), as applicable; standby power, as applicable;
distance between the ceiling and lowest point of fan blades; blade
span; blade edge thickness; and blade revolutions per minute (RPM).
* * * * *
0
8. Appendix U to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
0
a. Removing the introductory text and adding, in its place, a note to
the appendix;
0
b. Adding section 0;
0
c. Revising sections 1.4, and 1.8 through 1.20;
0
d. Adding sections 1.21;
0
e. Revising section 2;
0
f. Revising the introductory text to section 3, and sections 3.2.2(1),
3.2.2(4), 3.2.2(6), 3.2.3, 3.3.1(3), 3.3.1(4), 3.3.1(5), 3.3.1(6),
3.3.1(8), and 3.3.2;
0
g. Adding section 3.3.3;
0
h. Revising sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.5.1, and 3.6.;
0
i. Revising sections 4 and 5; and
0
j. Removing the text ``IEC 62301-U'' and adding, in its place, the text
``IEC 62301'', wherever it appears.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Appendix U to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Ceiling Fans
Note: Prior to February 13, 2023, manufacturers must make any
representations with respect to the energy use or efficiency of
ceiling fans as specified in section 2 of this appendix as it
appeared on January 23, 2017. On or after February 13, 2023,
manufacturers of ceiling fans, as specified in section 2 of this
appendix, must make any representations with respect to energy use
or efficiency in accordance with the results of testing pursuant to
this appendix. Representations of standby power consumption for
large-diameter ceiling fans including for the purpose of
certification, are not required until such time as compliance is
required with an energy conservation standard for standby power
consumption. Upon the compliance date(s) of any energy conservation
standards for large-diameter ceiling fans with a blade span greater
than 24 feet, use of the applicable provisions of this test
procedure to demonstrate compliance with the energy conservation
standard will also be required.
0. Incorporation by Reference
In Sec. 430.3, DOE incorporated by reference the entire
standard for AMCA 208-18, AMCA 230-15, AMCA 230-15 TE, and IEC
62301; however, only enumerated provisions of AMCA 230-15, AMCA 230-
15 TE, and IEC 62301 are applicable as follows:
0.1 AMCA 230-15 (including corresponding sections in AMCA 230-15
TE):
(a) Section 3--Units of Measurement, as specified in section 3.4
of this appendix;
(b) Section 4--Symbols and Subscripts; (including Table 1--
Symbols and Subscripts), as specified in section 3.4 of this
appendix;
(c) Section 5--Definitions (except 5.1), as specified in section
3.4 of this appendix;
(d) Section 6--Instruments and Section Methods of Measurement,
as specified in section 3.4 of this appendix;
(e) Section 7--Equipment and Setups (except the last 2 bulleted
items in 7.1--Allowable test setups), as specified in section 3.4 of
this appendix;
(f) Section 8--Observations and Conduct of Test, as specified in
section 3.5 of this appendix;
(g) Section 9--Calculations (except 9.5 and 9.6), as specified
in section 3.5 of this appendix; and
(h) Test Figure 1--Vertical Airflow Setup with Load Cell
(Ceiling Fans), as specified in section 3.4 of this appendix.
0.2 IEC 62301:
(a) Section 4.3.1--Supply voltage and frequency (first paragraph
only), as specified in section 3.6 of this appendix;
(b) Section 4.3.2--Supply voltage waveform, as specified in
section 3.6 of this appendix;
(c) Section 4.4--General conditions for measurements: Power
measuring instruments, as specified in section 3.6 of this appendix;
(d) Section 5.3.1--General (except the last bulleted item), as
specified in section 3.6 of this appendix and
(e) Section 5.3.2--Sampling method (first two paragraphs and
Note 1), as specified in sections 3.6 and 3.6.3 of this appendix.
* * * * *
1.4. Blade span means the diameter of the largest circle swept
by any part of the fan blade assembly, including attachments. The
represented value of blade span (D) is as determined in 10 CFR
429.32.
* * * * *
1.8. High-speed small-diameter (HSSD) ceiling fan means a small-
diameter ceiling fan that is not a very-small-diameter ceiling fan,
highly-decorative ceiling fan or belt-driven ceiling fan and that
has a represented value of blade edge thickness, as determined in 10
CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iii), of less than 3.2 mm or a maximum represented
value of tip speed, as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(v), greater
than the applicable limit specified in the table in this definition.
High-Speed Small-Diameter Ceiling Fan Blade and Tip Speed Criteria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thickness (t) of edges of blades Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mm Inch m/s feet per minute
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Downward-only....................... 4.8 > t >= 3.2 \3/16\ > t >= \1/ 16.3 3,200
8\
Downward-only....................... t >= 4.8 t >= \3/16\ 20.3 4,000
Reversible.......................... 4.8 > t >= 3.2 \3/16\ > t >= \1/ 12.2 2,400
8\
[[Page 50425]]
Reversible.......................... t >= 4.8 t >= \3/16\ 16.3 3,200
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.9. High-speed belt-driven (HSBD) ceiling fan means a ceiling
fan that is a belt-driven ceiling fan with one fan head, and that
has a represented value of blade edge thickness, as determined in 10
CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iii), of less than 3.2 mm or a maximum represented
value of tip speed, as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(v), greater
than the applicable limit specified in the table in this definition.
High-Speed Belt-Driven Ceiling Fan Blade and Tip Speed Criteria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thickness (t) of edges of blades Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mm Inch m/s feet per minute
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Downward-only....................... 4.8 > t >= 3.2 \3/16\ > t >= \1/ 16.3 3,200
8\
Downward-only....................... t >= 4.8 t >= \3/16\ 20.3 4,000
Reversible.......................... 4.8 > t >= 3.2 \3/16\ > t >= \1/ 12.2 2,400
8\
Reversible.......................... t >= 4.8 t >= \3/16\ 16.3 3,200
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.10. Highly-decorative ceiling fan means a ceiling fan with a
maximum represented value of blade revolutions per minute (RPM), as
determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(ii), of 90 RPM, and a represented
value of airflow at high speed, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(vi), of less than 1,840 CFM.
1.11. Hugger ceiling fan means a low-speed small-diameter
ceiling fan that is not a very-small-diameter ceiling fan, highly-
decorative ceiling fan, or belt-driven ceiling fan, and for which
the represented value of the distance between the ceiling and the
lowest point on the fan blades, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(iv), is less than or equal to 10 inches.
1.12. Large-diameter ceiling fan means a ceiling fan that is not
a highly-decorative ceiling fan or belt-driven ceiling fan and has a
represented value of blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), greater than seven feet.
1.13. Low speed means the lowest available speed that meets the
following criteria:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of sensors per individual Number of sensors per individual
axis as determined in section axis measuring 40 feet per minute
3.2.2(6) of this appendix or greater
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 2
4 3
5 3
6 4
7 4
8 5
9 6
10 7
11 8
12 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.14. Low-speed small-diameter (LSSD) ceiling fan means a small-
diameter ceiling fan that has a represented value of blade edge
thickness, as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iii), greater than
or equal to 3.2 mm and a maximum represented value of tip speed, as
determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(v), less than or equal to the
applicable limit specified in the table in this definition.
Low-Speed Small-Diameter Ceiling Fan Blade and Tip Speed Criteria
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thickness (t) of edges of blades Tip speed threshold
Airflow direction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mm Inch m/s feet per minute
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reversible.......................... 4.8 > t >= 3.2 \3/16\ > t >= \1/ 12.2 2,400
8\
Reversible.......................... t >= 4.8 t >= \3/16\ 16.3 3,200
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.15. Multi-head ceiling fan means a ceiling fan with more than
one fan head, i.e., more than one set of rotating fan blades.
1.16. Multi-mount ceiling fan means a low-speed small-diameter
ceiling fan that can be mounted in the configurations associated
with both the standard and hugger ceiling fans.
1.17. Oscillating ceiling fan means a ceiling fan containing one
or more fan heads for which the axis of rotation of the fan blades
cannot remain in a fixed position relative to the ceiling. Such fans
have no inherent means by which to disable the oscillating function
separate from the fan blade rotation.
1.18. Small-diameter ceiling fan means a ceiling fan that has a
represented value of blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), less than or equal to seven feet.
1.19. Standard ceiling fan means a low-speed small-diameter
ceiling fan that is not a very-small-diameter ceiling fan, highly-
decorative ceiling fan or belt-driven ceiling fan, and for which the
represented value of the distance between the ceiling and the lowest
point on the fan blades, as determined in 10 CFR 429.32(a)(3)(iv),
is greater than 10 inches.
1.20. Total airflow means the sum of the product of airflow and
hours of operation at all tested speeds. For multi-head fans, this
includes the airflow from all fan heads.
1.21. Very-small-diameter (VSD) ceiling fan means a small-
diameter ceiling fan that is not a highly-decorative ceiling fan or
belt-driven ceiling fan; and has one or more fan heads, each of
which has a represented value of blade span, as determined in 10 CFR
429.32(a)(3)(i), of 18 inches or less. Only VSD fans that also meet
the definition of an LSSD fan are required to be tested for purposes
of determining compliance with energy efficiency standards
established by DOE and for other representations of energy
efficiency.
2. Scope:
The provisions in this appendix apply to ceiling fans except:
(1) Ceiling fans where the plane of rotation of a ceiling fan's
blades is not less than or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal, or
cannot be adjusted based on the manufacturer's specifications to be
less than or equal to 45 degrees from horizontal;
(2) Centrifugal ceiling fans;
(3) Belt-driven ceiling fans that are not high-speed belt-driven
ceiling fans; and
(4) Oscillating ceiling fans.
3. General Instructions, Test Apparatus, and Test Measurement:
The test apparatus and test measurement used to determine energy
performance
[[Page 50426]]
depend on the ceiling fan's blade span, and in some cases the
ceiling fan's blade edge thickness. For each tested ceiling fan,
measure the lateral distance from the center of the axis of rotation
of the fan blades to the furthest fan blade edge from the center of
the axis of rotation. Measure this lateral distance at the
resolution of the measurement instrument, using an instrument with a
measurement resolution of least 0.25 inches. Multiply the lateral
distance by two and then round to the nearest whole inch to
determine the blade span. For ceiling fans having a blade span
greater than 18 inches and less than or equal to 84 inches, measure
the ceiling fan's blade edge thickness. To measure the fan blade
edge thickness, use an instrument with a measurement resolution of
at least 0.001 inch and measure the thickness of one fan blade's
leading edge (in the forward direction) according to the following:
(1) Locate the cross-section perpendicular to the fan blade's
radial length that is at least one inch from the tip of the fan
blade and for which the blade is thinnest, and
(2) Measure at the thickest point of that cross-section within
one inch from the leading edge of the fan blade.
See Figure 1 of this appendix for an instructional schematic on
the fan blade edge thickness measurement. Figure 1 depicts a ceiling
fan from above. Round the measured blade edge thickness to the
nearest 0.01 inch.
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.007
* * * * *
3.2.2. Equipment Set-up.
(1) Make sure the transformer power is off. Hang the ceiling fan
to be tested directly from the ceiling, according to the
manufacturer's installation instructions. Hang all non-multi-mount
ceiling fans in the fan configuration that minimizes the distance
between the ceiling and the lowest point of the fan blades. Hang and
test multi-mount fans in two configurations: The configuration
associated the definition of a standard fan that minimizes the
distance between the ceiling and the lowest point of the fan blades
and the configuration associated with the definition of a hugger fan
that minimizes the distance between the ceiling and the lowest point
of the fan blades. For all tested configurations, measure the
distance between the ceiling and the lowest point of the fan blade
using an instrument with a measurement resolution of at least 0.25
inches. Round the measured distance from the ceiling to the lowest
point of the fan blade to the nearest quarter inch.
* * * * *
(4) A single rotating sensor arm, two rotating sensor arms, or
four fixed sensor arms can be used to take air velocity measurements
along four axes, labeled A-D. Axes A, B, C, and D are at 0, 90, 180,
and 270 degree positions. Axes A-D must be perpendicular to the four
walls of the room. See Figure 2 of this appendix.
[[Page 50427]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.008
* * * * *
(6) Place the sensors at intervals of 4 0.0625
inches along a sensor arm, starting with the first sensor at the
point where the four axes intersect, aligning the sensors
perpendicular to the direction of airflow. Do not touch the actual
sensor prior to testing. Use enough sensors to record air delivery
within a circle 8 inches larger in diameter than the blade span of
the ceiling fan being tested. The experimental set-up is shown in
Figure 3 of this appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.009
BILLING CODE 6450-01-C
* * * * *
3.2.3. Multi-Head Ceiling Fan Test Set-Up.
Hang a multi-headed ceiling fan from the ceiling such that one
of the ceiling fan heads is centered directly over sensor 1 (i.e.,
at the intersection of axes A, B, C, and D). The distance between
the lowest point any of the fan blades of the centered fan head can
reach and the air velocity sensors is to be such that it is the same
as for all other small-diameter ceiling fans (see Figure 3 of this
appendix). If the multi-head ceiling fan has an oscillating function
(i.e., the fan heads change their axis of rotation relative to the
ceiling) that can be switched off, switch it off prior to taking air
velocity measurements. If any multi-head fan does not come with the
blades preinstalled, install fan blades only on the fan head that
will be directly centered over the intersection of the sensor axes.
(Even if the fan heads in a multi-head ceiling fan would typically
oscillate when the blades are
[[Page 50428]]
installed on all fan heads, the ceiling fan is subject to this test
procedure if the centered fan head does not oscillate when it is the
only fan head with the blades installed.) If the fan blades are
preinstalled on all fan heads, measure air velocity in accordance
with section 3.3 of this appendix except turn on only the centered
fan head. Take the power consumption measurements separately, with
the fan blades installed on all fan heads and with any oscillating
function, if present, switched on.
* * * * *
3.3.1 Test conditions to be followed when testing:
* * * * *
(3) If present, any additional accessories or features sold with
the ceiling fan that do not relate to the ceiling fan's ability to
create airflow by rotation of the fan blades (for example light kit,
heater, air ionization, ultraviolet technology) is to be installed
but turned off during testing. If such an accessory or feature
cannot be turned off, it shall be set to the lowest energy-consuming
mode during testing. If the ceiling fan is offered with a default
controller, test using the default controller. If multiple
controllers are offered, test using the minimally functional
controller.
(4) If present, turn off any oscillating function causing the
axis of rotation of the fan head(s) to change relative to the
ceiling during operation prior to taking air velocity measurements.
Turn on any oscillating function prior to taking power measurements.
(5) Test ceiling fans rated for operation with only a single- or
multi-phase power supply with single- or multi-phase electricity,
respectively. Test ceiling fans capable of operating with single-
and multi-phase electricity with single-phase electricity. DOE will
allow manufacturers of ceiling fans capable of operating with
single- and multi-phase electricity to test such fans with single-
phase power and make representations of efficiency associated with
both single and multi-phase electricity if a manufacturer desires to
do so, but the test results in the multi-phase configuration will
not be valid to assess compliance with any amended energy
conservation standard. All tested power supply should be at 60 Hz.
(6) The supply voltage shall be:
(i) for ceiling fans tested with single-phase electricity, the
supply voltage shall be:
(a) 120 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 120 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 120 V,
(b) 240 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 240 V, or
(c) The ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range
is not given) or the mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
(ii) for ceiling fans tested with multi-phase electricity, the
supply voltage shall be:
(a) 240 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 240 V, or
(b) The ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range
is not given) or the mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
(iii) The test voltage shall not vary by more than 1% during the tests.
* * * * *
(8) Measure power input at a point that includes all power-
consuming components of the ceiling fan (but without any attached
light kit energized; or without any additional accessory or feature
energized, if possible; and if not, with the additional accessory or
feature set at the lowest energy-consuming mode). If the ceiling fan
is offered with a default controller, test using the default
controller. If multiple controllers are offered, test using the
minimally functional controller.
* * * * *
3.3.2 Air Velocity and Power Consumption Testing Procedure:
Measure the air velocity (FPM) and power consumption (W) for
HSSD ceiling fans until stable measurements are achieved, measuring
at high speed only. Measure the air velocity and power consumption
for LSSD and VSD ceiling fans that also meet the definition of an
LSSD fan until stable measurements are achieved, measuring first at
low speed and then at high speed. To determine low speed, start
measurements at the lowest available speed and move to the next
highest speed until the low speed definition in section 1.13 of this
appendix is met. Air velocity and power consumption measurements are
considered stable for high speed if:
(1) The average air velocity for each sensor varies by less than
5 percent or 2 FPM, whichever is greater, compared to the average
air velocity measured for that same sensor in a successive set of
air velocity measurements, and
(2) Average power consumption varies by less than 1 percent in a
successive set of power consumption measurements.
(a) Air velocity and power consumption measurements are
considered stable for low speed if:
(1) The average air velocity for each sensor varies by less than
10 percent or 2 FPM, whichever is greater, compared to the average
air velocity measured for that same sensor in a successive set of
air velocity measurements, and
(2) Average power consumption varies by less than 1 percent in a
successive set of power consumption measurements.
(b) These stability criteria are applied differently to ceiling
fans with airflow not directly downward. See section 3.3.3 of this
appendix.
Step 1: Set the first sensor arm (if using four fixed arms), two
sensor arm (if using a two-arm rotating setup), or single sensor arm
(if using a single-arm rotating setup) to the 0 degree Position
(Axis A). If necessary, use a marking as reference. If using a
single-arm rotating setup or two-arm rotating setup, adjust the
sensor arm alignment until it is at the 0 degree position by
remotely controlling the antenna rotator.
Step 2: Set software up to read and record air velocity,
expressed in feet per minute (FPM) in 1 second intervals.
(Temperature does not need to be recorded in 1 second intervals.)
Record current barometric pressure.
Step 3: Allow test fan to run 15 minutes at rated voltage and at
high speed if the ceiling fan is an HSSD ceiling fan. If the ceiling
fan is an LSSD or VSD ceiling fan that also meets the definition of
an LSSD fan, allow the test fan to run 15 minutes at the rated
voltage and at the lowest available ceiling fan speed. Turn off all
forced-air environmental conditioning equipment entering the chamber
(e.g., air conditioning), close all doors and vents, and wait an
additional 3 minutes prior to starting test session.
Step 4a: For a rotating sensor arm: Begin recording readings.
Starting with Axis A, take 100 air velocity readings (100 seconds
run-time) and record these data. For all fans except multi-head fans
and fans capable of oscillating, also measure power during the
interval that air velocity measurements are taken. Record the
average value of the air velocity readings for each sensor in feet
per minute (FPM). Determine if the readings meet the low speed
definition as defined in section 1.13 of this appendix. If not,
restart Step 4a at the next highest speed until the low-speed
definition is met. Once the low speed definition is met, rotate the
arm, stabilize the arm, and allow 30 seconds to allow the arm to
stop oscillating. Repeat data recording and rotation process for
Axes B, C, and D. Step 4a is complete when the readings for all axes
meet the low speed definition at the same speed. Save the data for
all axes only for those measurements that meet the low speed
definition. Using the measurements applicable to low speed, record
the average value of the power measurement in watts (W) (400
readings). Record the average value of the air velocity readings for
each sensor in feet per minute (FPM) (400 readings).
Step 4b: For a two-arm rotating setup: Begin recording readings.
Starting with Axes A and C, take 100 air velocity readings (100
seconds run-time) for both axes and record these data. For all fans
except multi-head fans and fans capable of oscillating, also measure
power during the interval that air velocity measurements are taken.
Record the average value of the air velocity readings for each
sensor in feet per minute (FPM). Determine if the readings meet the
low speed definition as defined in section 1.13 of this appendix. If
not, restart Step 4b at the next highest speed until the low speed
definition is met. Once the low speed definition is met, rotate the
two-arm, stabilize the arm, and allow 30 seconds to allow the arm to
stop oscillating. Repeat data recording for Axes B and D. Step 4b is
complete when the readings for all axes meet the low speed
definition at the same speed. Save the data for all axes only for
those measurements that meet the low speed definition. Using the
measurements applicable to low speed, record the average value of
the power measurement in watts (W) (200 readings). Record the
average value of the air velocity readings for each sensor in feet
per minute (FPM) (200 readings).
Step 4c: For four fixed sensor arms: Begin recording readings.
Take 100 air velocity readings (100 seconds run-time) and record
this data. Take the readings for all sensor arms (Axes A, B, C, and
D) simultaneously. For all fans except multi-head fans and fans
capable of oscillating, also measure power
[[Page 50429]]
during the interval that air velocity measurements are taken. Record
the average value of the air velocity readings for each sensor in
feet per minute (FPM). Determine if the readings meet the low speed
definition as defined in section 1.13 of this appendix. If not,
restart Step 4c at the next highest speed until the low speed
definition is met. Step 4c is complete when the readings for all
axes meet the low speed definition at the same speed. Save the data
for all axes only for those measurements that meet the low speed
definition. Using the measurements applicable to low speed, record
the average value of the power measurement in watts (W) (100
readings). Record the average value of the air velocity readings for
each sensor in feet per minute (FPM) (100 readings).
Step 5: Repeat step 4a, 4b or 4c until stable measurements are
achieved.
Step 6: Repeat steps 1 through 5 above on high speed for LSSD
and VSD ceiling fans that also meet the definition of an LSSD fan.
Note: Ensure that temperature and humidity readings are maintained
within the required tolerances for the duration of the test (all
tested speeds). Forced-air environmental conditioning equipment may
be used and doors and vents may be opened between test sessions to
maintain environmental conditions.
Step 7: If testing a multi-mount ceiling fan, repeat steps 1
through 6 with the ceiling fan in the ceiling fan configuration
(associated with either hugger or standard ceiling fans) not already
tested.
If a multi-head ceiling fan includes more than one category of
ceiling fan head, then test at least one of each unique category. A
fan head with different construction that could affect air movement
or power consumption, such as housing, blade pitch, or motor, would
constitute a different category of fan head.
Step 8: For multi-head ceiling fans, measure active (real) power
consumption in all phases simultaneously at each speed continuously
for 100 seconds with all fan heads turned on, and record the average
value at each speed in watts (W).
For ceiling fans with an oscillating function, measure active
(real) power consumption in all phases simultaneously at each speed
continuously for 100 seconds with the oscillating function turned
on. Record the average value of the power measurement in watts (W).
For both multi-head ceiling fans and fans with an oscillating
function, repeat power consumption measurement until stable power
measurements are achieved.
3.3.3 Air Velocity Measurements for Ceiling Fans with Airflow
Not Directly Downward:
Using the number of sensors that cover the same diameter as if
the airflow were directly downward, record air velocity at each
speed from the same number of continuous sensors with the largest
air velocity measurements. This continuous set of sensors must be
along the axis that the ceiling fan tilt is directed in (and along
the axis that is 180 degrees from the first axis). For example, a
42-inch fan tilted toward axis A may create the pattern of air
velocity shown in Figure 4 of this appendix. As shown in Table 1 of
this appendix, a 42-inch fan would normally require 7 active sensors
per axis. However, because the fan is not directed downward, all
sensors must record data. In this case, because the set of sensors
corresponding to maximum air velocity are centered 3 sensor
positions away from the sensor 1 along the A axis, substitute the
air velocity at A axis sensor 4 for the average air velocity at
sensor 1. Take the average of the air velocity at A axis sensors 3
and 5 as a substitute for the average air velocity at sensor 2, take
the average of the air velocity at A axis sensors 2 and 6 as a
substitute for the average air velocity at sensor 3, etc. Lastly,
take the average of the air velocities at A axis sensor 10 and C
axis sensor 4 as a substitute for the average air velocity at sensor
7. Stability criteria apply after these substitutions. For example,
air velocity stability at sensor 7 are determined based on the
average of average air velocity at A axis sensor 10 and C axis
sensor 4 in successive measurements. Any air velocity measurements
made along the B-D axis are not included in the calculation of
average air velocity.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.010
3.4 Test apparatus for large-diameter ceiling fans and high-
speed belt-driven ceiling fans:
The test apparatus and instructions for testing large-diameter
ceiling fans and HSBD ceiling fans must conform to the requirements
specified in Sections 3 through 7 (including Test Figure 1) of AMCA
230-15, with the following modifications:
3.4.1. A ``ceiling fan'' is defined as in 10 CFR 430.2.
3.4.2. Test ceiling fans rated for operation with only a single-
or multi-phase power supply with single- or multi-phase electricity,
respectively. Test ceiling fans capable of operating with single-
and multi-phase electricity with multi-phase electricity. DOE will
allow manufacturers of ceiling fans capable of operating with
single- and multi-phase electricity to test such fans with single-
phase power and make representations of efficiency associated with
both single and multi-phase electricity if a manufacturer desires to
do so, but the test results in the single-phase configuration will
not be valid to assess compliance with any amended energy
conservation standard. All tested power supply should be at 60 Hz.
3.4.3. Supply Voltage:
(1) For ceiling fans tested with single-phase electricity, the
supply voltage shall be:
(a) 120 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 120 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 120 V,
(b) 240 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 240 V, or
(c) The ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range
is not given) or the mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
(2) For ceiling fans tested with multi-phase electricity, the
supply voltage shall be:
(a) 240 V if the ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage is 240 V or
the lowest rated voltage range contains 240 V, or
(b) The ceiling fan's minimum rated voltage (if a voltage range
is not given) or the mean of the lowest rated voltage range, in all
other cases.
[[Page 50430]]
3.5 Active mode test measurement for large-diameter ceiling fans
and high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans:
(1) Test large-diameter ceiling fans and high-speed belt-driven
ceiling fans in accordance with AMCA 208-18, in all phases
simultaneously at:
(a) High speed, and
(b) 40 percent or the nearest speed that is not less than 40
percent speed.
(2) When testing at 40 percent speed for large-diameter ceiling
fans that can operate over an infinite number of speeds (e.g.,
ceiling fans with VFDs), ensure the average measured RPM is within
the greater of 1 percent of the average RPM at high speed or 1 RPM.
For example, if the average measured RPM at high speed is 50 RPM,
for testing at 40 percent speed, the average measured RPM should be
between 19 RPM and 21 RPM. If the average measured RPM falls outside
of this tolerance, adjust the ceiling fan speed and repeat the test.
Calculate the airflow and measure the active (real) power
consumption in all phases simultaneously in accordance with the test
requirements specified in Sections 8 and 9, AMCA 230-15, with the
following modifications:
3.5.1 Measure active (real) power consumption in all phases
simultaneously at a point that includes all power-consuming
components of the ceiling fan. If present, any additional
accessories or features sold with the ceiling fan that do not relate
to the ceiling fan's ability to create airflow by rotation of the
fan blades (for example light kit, heater, air ionization,
ultraviolet technology) are to be installed but turned off during
testing. If the accessory/feature cannot be turned off, it shall be
set to the lowest energy-consuming mode during testing. If the
ceiling fan is offered with a default controller, test using the
default controller. If multiple controllers are offered, test using
the minimally functional controller.
* * * * *
3.6 Test measurement for standby power consumption.
(1) Measure standby power consumption if the ceiling fan offers
one or more of the following user-oriented or protective functions:
(a) The ability to facilitate the activation or deactivation of
other functions (including active mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer.
(b) Continuous functions, including information or status
displays (including clocks), or sensor-based functions.
(2) Measure standby power consumption after completion of active
mode testing and after the active mode functionality has been
switched off (i.e., the rotation of the ceiling fan blades is no
longer energized). The ceiling fan must remain connected to the main
power supply and be in the same configuration as in active mode
(i.e., any ceiling fan light fixture should still be attached).
Measure standby power consumption according to Sections 4.3.1,
4.3.2, 4.4, and 5.3.1 through 5.3.2, of IEC 62301 with the following
modifications:
* * * * *
4. Calculation of Ceiling Fan Efficiency From the Test Results:
4.1 Calculation of effective area for small-diameter ceiling
fans other than high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans:
Calculate the effective area corresponding to each sensor used
in the test method for small-diameter ceiling fans other than high-
speed belt-driven ceiling fans (section 3.3 of this appendix) with
the following equations:
(1) For sensor 1, the sensor located directly underneath the
center of the ceiling fan, the effective width of the circle is 2
inches, and the effective area is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.011
(2) For the sensors between sensor 1 and the last sensor used in
the measurement, the effective area has a width of 4 inches. If a
sensor is a distance d, in inches, from sensor 1, then the effective
area is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.012
(3) For the last sensor, the width of the effective area depends
on the horizontal displacement between the last sensor and the point
on the ceiling fan blades furthest radially from the center of the
fan. The total area included in an airflow calculation is the area
of a circle 8 inches larger in diameter than the ceiling fan blade
span (as specified in section 3 of this appendix).
Therefore, for example, for a 42-inch ceiling fan, the last
sensor is 3 inches beyond the end of the ceiling fan blades. Because
only the area within 4 inches of the end of the ceiling fan blades
is included in the airflow calculation, the effective width of the
circle corresponding to the last sensor would be 3 inches. The
calculation for the effective area corresponding to the last sensor
would then be:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.013
For a 46-inch ceiling fan, the effective area of the last sensor
would have a width of 5 inches, and the effective area would be:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.014
4.2 Calculation of airflow and efficiency for small-diameter
ceiling fans other than high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans:
Calculate fan airflow using the overall average of both sets of
air velocity measurements at each sensor position from the
successive sets of measurements that meet the stability criteria
from section 3.3 of this appendix. To calculate airflow for HSSD,
LSSD, and VSD ceiling fans, multiply the overall average air
velocity at each sensor position from section 3.3 (for high speed
for HSSD, LSSD, and VSD ceiling fans that also meet the definition
of an LSSD ceiling fan; and repeated for low speed only for LSSD and
VSD ceiling fans that also meet the definition of an LSSD ceiling
fan) by that sensor's effective area (see section 4.1 of this
appendix), and then sum the products to obtain the overall
calculated airflow at the tested speed.
For each speed, using the overall calculated airflow and the
overall average power consumption measurements from the successive
sets of measurements as follows:
[[Page 50431]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.015
Where:
CFMi = airflow at speed i,
OHi = operating hours at speed i, as specified in Table 2
of this appendix,
Wi = power consumption at speed i,
OHSb = operating hours in standby mode, as specified in
Table 2 of this appendix, and
WSb = power consumption in standby mode.
Calculate two ceiling fan efficiencies for multi-mount ceiling
fans: One efficiency corresponds to the ceiling fan mounted in the
configuration associated with the definition of a hugger ceiling
fan, and the other efficiency corresponds to the ceiling fan mounted
in the configuration associated with the definition of a standard
ceiling fan.
Table 2 to Appendix U to Subpart B of Part 430: Daily Operating Hours
for Calculating Ceiling Fan Efficiency
------------------------------------------------------------------------
No standby With standby
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daily Operating Hours for LSSD and VSD * Ceiling Fans
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Speed.............................. 3.4 3.4
Low Speed............................... 3.0 3.0
Standby Mode............................ 0.0 17.6
Off Mode................................ 17.6 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daily Operating Hours for HSSD Ceiling Fans
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Speed.............................. 12.0 12.0
Standby Mode............................ 0.0 12.0
Off Mode................................ 12.0 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These values apply only to VSD fans that also meet the definition of
an LSSD fan.
4.3 Calculation of airflow and efficiency for multi-head ceiling
fans:
Calculate airflow for each fan head using the method described
in section 4.2 of this appendix. To calculate overall airflow at a
given speed for a multi-head ceiling fan, sum the airflow for each
fan head included in the ceiling fan (a single airflow can be
applied to each of the identical fan heads, but at least one of each
unique fan head must be tested). The power consumption is the
measured power consumption with all fan heads on. Using the airflow
as described in this section, and power consumption measurements
from section 3.3 of this appendix, calculate ceiling fan efficiency
for a multi-head ceiling fan as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AU22.016
Where:
CFMi = sum of airflows for each head at speed i,
OHi = operating hours at speed i as specified in Table 2
of this appendix,
Wi = power consumption at speed i,
OHSb = operating hours in standby mode as specified in
Table 2 of this appendix, and
WSb = power consumption in standby mode.
5. Calculation of Ceiling Fan Energy Index (CFEI) From the Test
Results for Large Diameter Ceiling Fan and High-Speed Belt-Driven
Ceiling Fans:
Calculate CFEI, which is the FEI for large-diameter ceiling fans
and high-speed belt-driven ceiling fans, at the speeds specified in
section 3.5 of this appendix according to AMCA 208-18, with the
following modifications:
(1) Using an Airflow Constant (Q0) of 26,500 cubic
feet per minute;
(2) Using a Pressure Constant (P0) of 0.0027 inches
water gauge; and
(3) Using a Fan Efficiency Constant ([eta]0) of 42
percent.
[FR Doc. 2022-16951 Filed 8-15-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
