Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Test Procedures for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, 16830-16884 [2022-04269]
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE–2021–BT–TP–0030]
RIN 1904–AF29
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Test Procedures for
Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
and request for comment.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) proposes to amend the
test procedures for central air
conditioners and heat pumps that will
be required for certification of
compliance with applicable energy
conservation standards starting January
1, 2023 to address a limited number of
specific issues. DOE is seeking comment
from interested parties on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data,
and information regarding this proposal
no later than May 23, 2022. See section
V, ‘‘Public Participation,’’ for details.
DOE will hold a webinar on Monday,
April 18, 2022, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m.
See section V, ‘‘Public Participation,’’
for webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are
encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may
submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE–2021–BT–TP–0030 by
any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: to
CentralACHeatPumps2021TP0030@
ee.doe.gov. Include docket number
EERE–2021–BT–TP–0030 in the subject
line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (‘‘faxes’’) will be
accepted. For detailed instructions on
submitting comments and additional
information on this process, see section
V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted
public comment submissions through a
variety of mechanisms, including postal
mail and hand delivery/courier, the
Department has found it necessary to
make temporary modifications to the
comment submission process in light of
the ongoing COVID–19 pandemic. DOE
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SUMMARY:
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is currently suspending receipt of public
comments via postal mail and hand
delivery/courier. If a commenter finds
that this change poses an undue
hardship, please contact Appliance
Standards Program staff at (202) 586–
1445 to discuss the need for alternative
arrangements. Once the COVID–19
pandemic health emergency is resolved,
DOE anticipates resuming all of its
regular options for public comment
submission, including postal mail and
hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts,
comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in
the www.regulations.gov index.
However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
The docket web page can be found at
www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE2021-BT-TP-0030. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access
all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section V
for information on how to submit
comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Catherine Rivest, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
7335. Email
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Pete Cochran, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–9496. Email:
peter.cochran@hq.doe.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment, review other public
comments and the docket, or participate
in a public meeting, contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program staff at (202) 287–1445 or by
email: ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
DOE
proposes to maintain the following
previously approved incorporations by
references in 10 CFR part 430:
ANSI/AHRI 210/240–2008 with
Addenda 1 and 2, 2008 Standard for
Performance Rating of Unitary AirConditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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Equipment, ANSI approved October 27,
2011;
ANSI/AHRI 1230–2010 with
Addendum 2, 2010 Standard for
Performance Rating of Variable
Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-Split AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved August 2,
2010.
Copies of AHRI 210/240–2008 and
AHRI 1230–2010 can be obtained from
the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute, 2111 Wilson
Boulevard, Suite 500, Arlington, VA
22201, (703) 524–8800, or by going to
www.ahrinet.org.
ANSI/ASHRAE 23.1–2010, Methods
of Testing for Rating the Performance of
Positive Displacement Refrigerant
Compressors and Condensing Units that
Operate at Subcritical Temperatures of
the Refrigerant, ANSI approved January
28, 2010;
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009,
Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved June 25,
2009;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1–2013, Standard
Method for Temperature Measurement,
ANSI approved January 30, 2013;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.2–1987
(Reaffirmed 1992), ‘‘Standard Methods
for Laboratory Airflow Measurement,’’
ANSI approved April 20, 1992;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014, Standard
Method for Humidity Measurement,
ANSI approved July 3, 2014;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.9–2011, Standard
Methods for Volatile-Refrigerant Mass
Flow Measurements Using Calorimeters,
ANSI approved February 3, 2011;
ANSI/ASHRAE 116–2010, Methods of
Testing for Rating Seasonal Efficiency of
Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps, ANSI approved February 24,
2010.
Copies of ASHRAE 23.1–2010, ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009, ANSI/ASHRAE
41.1–2013, ASHRAE 41.2–1987 (RA
1992), ASHRAE 41.6–2014, ASHRAE
41.9–2011, and ASHRAE 116–2010 can
be purchased from www.ashrae.org/
resources--publications.
ANSI/AMCA 210–2007, ANSI/
ASHRAE 51–2007, Laboratory Methods
of Testing Fans for Certified
Aerodynamic Performance Rating,
Figure 2A and Figure 12, ANSI
approved August 17, 2007.
Copies of AMCA 210–2007 can be
purchased from www.amca.org/store/
index.php.
For a further discussion of these
standards, see section IV.M of this
document.
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Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Deviation From Appendix A
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Topics Arising From Test Procedure
Waivers
1. Fan Power at Reduced Airflows for CoilOnly Systems
2. Variable-Speed Coil-Only Test
Procedure
3. Space-Constrained Coil-Only CAC
Ratings
C. Other Test Procedure Revisions
1. Air Volume Rate Changing With
Outdoor Conditions
2. Wet Bulb Temperature for H4 5 °F
Heating Tests
3. Hierarchy of Manufacturer Installation
Instructions
4. Adjusting Airflow Measurement
Apparatus To Achieve Desired SCFM at
Part-Load Conditions
5. Revision of Equations Representing FullSpeed Variable-Speed Heat Pump
Operation at and Above 45 °F Ambient
Temperature
6. Calculations for Triple-Capacity
Northern Heat Pumps
7. Heating Nominal Air Volume Rate for
Variable-Speed Heat Pumps
8. Clarifications for HSPF2 Calculation
9. Distinguishing Central Air Conditioners
and Heat Pumps From Commercial
Equipment
10. Additional Test Procedure Revisions
D. Other Representation Proposed
Revisions
1. Required Represented Values for Models
Certified Compliant With Regional
Standards
E. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
F. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
C. Participation in the Webinar
D. Conduct of the Webinar
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
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I. Authority and Background
Central air conditioners (‘‘CACs’’) and
central air conditioning heat pumps
(‘‘HPs’’) (collectively, ‘‘CAC/HPs’’) are
included in the list of ‘‘covered
products’’ for which DOE is authorized
to establish and amend energy
conservation standards and test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(3)). DOE’s
energy conservation standards and test
procedures for CAC/HPs are currently
prescribed at title 10 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (‘‘CFR’’), part 430
section 32(c), and 10 CFR part 430
subpart B appendices M (‘‘Appendix
M’’) and M1 (‘‘Appendix M1’’). The
following sections discuss DOE’s
authority to establish test procedures for
CAC/HPs and relevant background
information regarding DOE’s
consideration of test procedures for this
product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’),1 authorizes
DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of
a number of consumer products and
certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317) Title III, Part B 2 of EPCA
established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. These
products include CAC/HPs,3 the subject
of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(3))
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
Federal energy conservation standards,
and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA specifically include definitions
(42 U.S.C. 6291), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6294), energy conservation
standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the
authority to require information and
reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C.
6296).
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must
use as the basis for: (1) Certifying to
DOE that their products comply with
the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making
representations about the efficiency of
1 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
2 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part B was redesignated Part A.
3 This rulemaking uses the term ‘‘CAC/HP’’ to
refer specifically to central air conditioners (which
include heat pumps) as defined by EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6291(21))
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those consumer products (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6297)
DOE may, however, grant waivers of
Federal preemption for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with
the procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
If the Secretary determines, on her
own behalf or in response to a petition
by any interested person, that a test
procedure should be prescribed or
amended, the Secretary shall promptly
publish in the Federal Register
proposed test procedures and afford
interested persons an opportunity to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments with respect to such
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) The
comment period on a proposed rule to
amend a test procedure shall be at least
60 days and may not exceed 270 days.
Id. In prescribing or amending a test
procedure, the Secretary shall take into
account such information as the
Secretary determines relevant to such
procedure, including technological
developments relating to energy use or
energy efficiency of the type (or class)
of covered products involved. (Id.)
DOE’s regulations at 10 CFR 430.27
provide that any interested person may
seek a waiver from the test procedure
requirements if certain conditions are
met. A waiver allows manufacturers to
use an alternate test procedure in
situations in which the DOE test
procedure cannot be used to test the
product or equipment, or use of the DOE
test procedure would generate
unrepresentative results. 10 CFR
430.27(a)(1). DOE’s regulations at 10
CFR 430.27(l) require that as soon as
practicable after the granting of any
waiver, DOE will publish in the Federal
Register a NOPR to amend its
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regulations so as to eliminate any need
for the continuation of such waiver. As
soon thereafter as practicable, DOE will
publish in the Federal Register a final
rule. 10 CFR 430.27(l). DOE is
publishing this NOPR for the limited
purpose of addressing its obligations
under the waiver process regulations at
10 CFR 430.27.
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B. Background
As discussed, DOE’s existing test
procedures for CAC/HPs appear at
appendix M and appendix M1 (both
titled ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps’’).
On January 5, 2017, DOE published a
final rule regarding the Federal test
procedure for CAC/HPs. 82 FR 1426
(‘‘January 2017 Final Rule’’). The
January 2017 Final Rule amended
appendix M and established appendix
M1, use of which is required beginning
January 1, 2023 for any representations,
including compliance certifications,
made with respect to the energy use or
efficiency of CAC/HPs. appendix M
provides for the measurement of the
cooling and heating performance of
CAC/HPs using the seasonal energy
efficiency ratio (‘‘SEER’’) metric and
heating seasonal performance factor
(‘‘HSPF’’) metric, respectively. appendix
M1 specifies a revised SEER metric (i.e.,
SEER2) and a revised HSPF metric
(‘‘HSPF2’’).
Since the publication of the January
2017 Final Rule, DOE has granted
various petitions for waiver and interim
waiver from certain provisions of
appendix M and/or M1.4 Additionally,
DOE has become aware of certain
provisions in appendix M1 for which
additional detail and direction may be
needed to avoid potential confusion and
reduce test burden. Therefore, DOE is
proposing changes to improve the
functionality of appendix M1 to address
these issues.
In addition, on May 8, 2019, AHRI
submitted a comment responding to the
notice of proposal to revise and adopt
procedures, interpretations, and policies
for consideration of new or revised
energy conservation standards (2020
Process Rule NOPR, 84 FR 3910, Feb.
13, 2019). The comment included as
Exhibit 2 a ‘‘List of Errors Found in both
4 Waivers granted to GD Midea Heating and
Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. (83 FR 56065),
Johnson Controls, Inc. (83 FR 12735 and 84 FR
52489), and TCL Air Conditioner (Zhongshan) Co.,
Ltd. (84 FR 11941);, interim waivers granted to
National Comfort Products, Inc. (83 FR 24754),
Aerosys Inc. (83 FR 24762), LG Electronics U.S.A.,
Inc. (85 FR 40272), and Goodman Manufacturing
Company, L.P. (86 FR 40534).
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appendix M and appendix M1’’ (‘‘AHRI
Exhibit 2’’, EERE–2017–BT–STD–0062–
0117 at pp. 23–24). Many of the errors
pointed out by AHRI regard
typographical errors in appendix M and
appendix M1. DOE is addressing these
issues in this rulemaking.
C. Deviation From Appendix A
In accordance with section 3(a) of 10
CFR part 430, subpart C, appendix A
(‘‘Appendix A’’), DOE notes that it is
deviating from the provision in
appendix A regarding the early
assessment process prior to the NOPR
stage to notify stakeholders that DOE is
considering a rulemaking to amend a
test procedure and solicit comment on
whether an amended test procedure
would more accurately measure energy
efficiency, energy use, water use (as
specified in EPCA), or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product
during a representative average use
cycle or period of use without being
unduly burdensome to conduct or
reduce testing burden. DOE is opting to
deviate from this provision by
proposing changes to the test procedure
in this proposed rule without first
having gone through the early
assessment process because DOE has
already been made aware by
stakeholders that the test procedure for
CACs/HPs could be enhanced to
improve repeatability,
representativeness, and accuracy, and
reduce testing burden, and the
proposals in this document are aimed at
addressing those issues. Additionally,
resolution of these issues has some
urgency because the test procedure the
proposals address is required to be used
for testing starting on January 1, 2023.
Hence, because DOE is aware that the
test procedure could be improved to be
more repeatable and representative, and
less burdensome, a general early
assessment process of request of
comments, data, and information prior
to the NOPR stage is not considered
necessary.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
In this notice of proposed rulemaking
(‘‘NOPR’’), DOE proposes to update
appendix M1 to subpart B of part 430,
‘‘Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Central Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps.’’ DOE
has identified certain provisions of
appendix M1 that may benefit from
additional detail and/or instruction. The
proposed updates are as follows:
(1) Adjusting the default fan power for
two-stage coil-only systems when
testing at low stage with reduced air
volume rate to be more representative of
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fan input power trends as air volume
rate reduces;
(2) Defining ‘‘Variable-speed
Communicating Coil-only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump’’ and
‘‘Variable-speed Non-communicating
Coil-only Central Air Conditioner or
Heat Pump’’ and establishing
procedures specific for testing such
systems;
(3) Allowing the adjustment of the air
volume rate as a function of outdoor air
temperature during testing for blower
coil systems with either multiple-speed
or variable-speed indoor fans and with
a control system capable of adjusting air
volume rate as function of outdoor air
temperature;
(4) Adjusting the maximum wet bulb
temperature from 3 °F to 4 °F for the H4
test condition;
(5) Specifying in section 2(B) of
appendix M1, that the instructions
presented in the labels attached to the
unit take precedence over the
installation manuals printed and
shipped with a product;
(6) Specifying in sections 3.1.4.1.1,
3.1.4.1.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of appendix M1
that the airflow measurement apparatus
fan must be adjusted if necessary to
maintain the same air volume rate for
different test conditions for systems not
including multiple-speed or variablespeed indoor fans with control system
capability to adjust air volume rate as
function of operating conditions such as
outdoor air temperature; and
(7) Revising the equations
representing full-capacity operation of
variable-speed heat pumps at and above
45 °F ambient temperature to be
consistent with the intent for nominal
capacity operation.
Additionally, in this notice of
proposed rulemaking (‘‘NOPR’’), DOE
proposes to update 10 CFR part 429,
‘‘Certification, Compliance, and
Enforcement for Consumer Products and
Commercial and Industrial Equipment’’.
DOE has identified certain provisions of
part 429 that may benefit from
additional detail and/or instruction. The
proposed updates are as follows:
(1) Clarifying the language for
required represented values for singlestage and two-stage coil-only CACs; and
(2) Providing additional direction
regarding the regional standard
requirements in part 429.
DOE’s proposed substantive actions
are summarized in Table II.1 compared
to the current test procedure as well as
the reason for the proposed change
(‘‘attribution’’). Additional proposed
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incidental changes are summarized in
Tables III–2 and III–3 in section III.C.10
of this document.
TABLE II–1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE RELATIVE TO CURRENT TEST PROCEDURE
Current DOE test procedure
Proposed test procedure
Calculate indoor fan power of two-stage coil-only CACs
and HPs using constant default fan power values that
do not vary with air volume rate (441W/1000 scfm for
most two-stage coil-only CACs and HPs and 406 W/
1000 scfm for mobile-home and space-constrained
CACs and HPs).
No test procedure provisions for variable-speed, coilonly CACs and HPs.
Calculate indoor fan power of two-stage coil-only CACs
and HPs for reduced air volume rate tests using new
default fan power values air volume rate (360 W/
1000 scfm for most two-stage coil-only CACs and
HPs and 331 W/1000 scfm for mobile-home and
space-constrained CACs and HPs).
Test procedures and requirements established for variable-speed coil-only systems, include new definitions
for ‘‘Variable-speed Communicating Coil-only Central
Air Conditioner or Heat Pump’’ and ‘‘Variable-speed
Non-communicating Coil-only Central Air Conditioner
or Heat Pump’’, for which the newly established test
procedures have more flexibility.
For blower coil systems with multiple-speed or variablespeed indoor fans and the control system capability
to adjust air volume rate as a function of outdoor air
temperature, allow such air volume rate variation during testing.
Amend the wet bulb test condition for the H4 test to be
4 °F maximum instead of the current condition of 3 °F
maximum.
Appendix M1 currently does not explicitly allow for variation of air volume rate as outdoor temperature
changes when testing blower coil systems.
Appendix M1 contains provisions for conducting an optional H4 heating test at a 5 °F outdoor ambient drybulb temperature and, at a maximum, a 3 °F outdoor
wet-bulb temperature.
Clarification regarding which form of installation instructions to use, if multiple forms are provided, only for
VRF multisplit systems.
Appendix M1 currently is not clear about how to achieve
the same air volume rate for different test conditions.
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The equations for full-capacity operation for variablespeed heat pumps at and above 45 °F ambient temperature are based on operating in this range with a
compressor speed the same as its operation in 17 °F
ambient temperature.
10 CFR part 429 provides requirements regarding regional CAC/HP efficiency standards.
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) provides requirements for represented values of single-stage and two-stage coilonly CACs that can lead to different interpretation.
10 CFR 430.2 defines central air conditioner, excluding
two commercial package air-conditioning and heating
categories—packaged terminal air conditioners and
packaged terminal heat pumps.
As mentioned previously, DOE is also
fixing typographical errors in appendix
M and appendix M1 that were
commented upon by AHRI. DOE is
addressing these issues in this
rulemaking.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1), DOE is
required to determine whether an
amended test procedure will alter the
measured energy use of any covered
product. If an amended test procedure
does alter measured energy use, DOE is
required to make a corresponding
adjustment to the applicable energy
conservation standard to ensure that
minimally compliant covered products
remain compliant. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
DOE has tentatively determined that the
proposed amendments described in
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Add direction to prioritize the instructions presented in
the label attached to the unit over the installation instructions shipped with the unit for all CAC/HP products.
Add specific instruction to adjust the airflow measurement apparatus fan but not the fan of the unit under
test to achieve the same air volume rate for different
tests.
Revise the equations for full-capacity operation at and
above 45 °F to be more consistent with compressor
speed used in normal operation for this temperature
range, represented by the nominal heating test condition, H1N.
Reinforce the language explaining regional requirements.
Modify the instructions in that section to improve clarity
without changing meaning.
Add exclusions for additional commercial package airconditioning and heating categories that justifiably
are not central air conditioners.
section III of this NOPR would not alter
the measured efficiency of CAC/HPs
that are rated using the test procedure
that is currently required for testing, i.e.,
appendix M. The proposals applicable
for appendix M are simply fixing errors
within the current test procedure. With
respect to appendix M1, many of the
proposals clarify test procedures rather
than making changes that would affect
the measurements. Variable-speed coilonly systems are not addressed
currently in appendix M, so this
proposal is establishing a method of test
for those products. For two-stage coilonly systems, DOE is proposing to
adjust the fan power to be more
representative as further described in
section X, which DOE believes will
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Improve representativeness.
Incorporate test procedures
contained in test procedure waivers.
Improve representativeness
for certain models.
Reduce test burden by reducing the time needed
to remove sufficient moisture to achieve the wet
bulb requirement.
Improve representativeness
and repeatability.
Improve representativeness
and repeatability.
Improve representativeness.
Improve clarity.
Improve repeatability.
Improved representativeness.
slightly improve the measured efficient
of these combinations as compared to
their current representative values.
Given that two-sage combinations are
not representative of minimally
compliant combinations, DOE has
tentatively determined that this
proposal would not require an
adjustment to the energy conservation
standard for central air conditioners and
heat pumps to ensure that minimally
compliant central air conditioners and
heat pumps would remain compliant.
Additionally, DOE has tentatively
determined that the proposed
amendments, if made final, would not
increase the cost of testing. Discussion
of DOE’s proposed actions are addressed
in detail in section III of this NOPR.
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III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
DOE is proposing to amend the test
procedures at appendix M1 for CAC/HP
and to implement a few minor clerical
revisions to the test procedures at
appendix M. A Central air conditioner
or central air conditioner heat pump is
defined as a product, other than a
packaged terminal air conditioner or
packaged terminal heat pump, which is
powered by single phase electric
current, air cooled, rated below 65,000
British thermal units per hour (‘‘Btu/
h’’), not contained within the same
cabinet as a furnace, the rated capacity
of which is above 225,000 Btu/h, and is
a heat pump or a cooling unit only. A
central air conditioner or central air
conditioning heat pump may consist of:
A single-package unit; an outdoor unit
and one or more indoor units; an indoor
unit only; or an outdoor unit with no
match. In the case of an indoor unit only
or an outdoor unit with no match, the
unit must be tested and rated as a
system (combination of both an indoor
and an outdoor unit). 10 CFR 430.2.
Appendix M1 applies to the following
CACs/HPs:
(a) Split-system air conditioners,
including single-split, multi-head minisplit, multi-split (including VRF), and
multi-circuit systems;
(b) Split-system heat pumps,
including single-split, multi-head minisplit, multi-split (including VRF), and
multi-circuit systems;
(c) Single-package air conditioners;
(d) Single-package heat pumps;
(e) Small-duct, high-velocity systems
(including VRF);
(f) Space-constrained products—air
conditioners; and
(g) Space-constrained products—heat
pumps.
See Section 1.1 of appendix M1.
DOE is not proposing to change the
scope of CACs/HPs covered by
appendix M1.
B. Topics Arising From Test Procedure
Waivers
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1. Fan Power at Reduced Airflows for
Coil-Only Systems
Coil-only systems are indoor units
that are distributed in commerce
without an indoor blower or separate
designated air mover. Such systems
installed in the field rely on a separately
installed furnace or a modular blower
for indoor air movement. Because coilonly CAC/HPs do not include their own
indoor fan to circulate air, the DOE test
procedures prescribe equations that are
used to calculate the assumed (i.e.,
‘‘default’’) power input and heat output
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of an average furnace fan with which
the test procedure assumes the indoor
coil is pared in a field installation. The
resulting fan power input value is added
to the electrical power consumption
measured during testing. The resulting
fan heat output value is subtracted from
the measured cooling capacity of the
CAC/HP for cooling mode tests and
added to the measured heating capacity
for heating mode tests. In appendix M1,
separate fan power and fan heat
equations are provided for different
types of coil-only systems (i.e., the
equations for mobile home or spaceconstrained are different than for
‘‘conventional’’ non-mobile home and
non-space-constrained). In each
equation, the measured airflow rate (in
cubic feet per minute of standard air
(‘‘scfm’’)) is multiplied by a defined
coefficient (expressed in Watts (‘‘W’’)
per 1,000 scfm (‘‘W/1000 scfm’’) for fan
power, and British Thermal Units
(‘‘Btu’’) per hour (‘‘Btu/h’’) per 1,000
scfm (‘‘Btu/h/1000 scfm’’) for fan heat),
hereafter referred to as the ‘‘default fan
power coefficient’’ and ‘‘default fan heat
coefficient.’’
In appendix M, the default fan power
coefficient is defined as 365 W/1000
scfm, and the default fan heat
coefficient is defined as 1,250 Btu/h/
1000 scfm.5 (appendix M, section 3.3.d).
For testing of two-stage coil-only
systems, appendix M requires testing at
two load conditions: (1) Full-load,
operating at full compressor stage, and
(2) low-load (also referred to as partload), operating at the lower compressor
stage. The test procedure defines the
relative air volume rates to use for each
test; in general, the part-load test has a
lower air volume rate than the full-load
test.6 For both the default fan power
coefficient and default fan heat
coefficient, the same coefficient is used
for both the full-load and part-load
tests.7
The January 2017 Final Rule adopted
certain values in appendix M1 to be
5 For example, for a CAC/HP test conducted at an
airflow rate of 1640 scfm, the default fan power
would be calculated as (365 W/1000 scfm × 1,640
scfm = 599 W); and the default fan heat would be
calculated as (1,250 Btu/1000 scfmh × 1,640 scfm
= 2,050 Btu/h).
6 Specifically, the indoor air volume rate to be
used for testing at part-load (i.e., the ‘‘cooling
minimum air volume rate’’) is the higher of (1) the
rate specified by the installation instructions
included with the unit by the manufacturer, or (2)
75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate
(see section 3.1.4.2.c of appendix M).
7 For example, for a two-stage coil-only system
that has a cooling full-load air volume rate of 1,640
scfm and a cooling minimum (i.e., part-load) air
volume rate of 1,230, the default fan power at full
load would be calculated as (365 W/1000 scfm ×
1,640 scfm = 599 W); and default fan power at partload would be calculated as (365 W/1000 scfm ×
1,230 scfm = 449 W).
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more representative of field conditions,
as compared to appendix M (i.e.,
consistent with indoor fan power
consumption at the increased minimum
required external static pressures
defined in appendix M1). 82 FR 1426,
1451–1453. Specifically, appendix M1
defines separate default fan power
coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients for coil-only systems
intended for installation in mobilehome applications and for spaceconstrained systems, as opposed to
those intended for all other
‘‘conventional’’ applications. Id.
Specifically, for coil-only units installed
in mobile-home and space-constrained
systems, appendix M1 defines a default
fan power coefficient of 406
W/1000 scfm and a default fan heat
coefficient of 1,385 Btu/h/1000 scfm.
For coil-only units installed in
conventional (i.e., non-mobile-home
and non-space-constrained) systems,
appendix M1 defines a default fan
power coefficient of 441 W/1000 scfm
and a default fan heat coefficient of
1,505 Btu/h/1000 scfm. (10 CFR part
430, subpart B, appendix M1, section
3.3.d). As with appendix M, in
appendix M1, for both the default fan
power coefficient and default fan heat
coefficient, the same coefficient is used
for both the full-load and part-load tests.
In updating the default fan power
coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients for coil-only systems in
appendix M1, DOE relied on indoor fan
electrical power consumption data
collected from product literature,
testing, and exchanges with
manufacturers during a previous
furnace fan rulemaking (see 79 FR 500,
506; Jan. 3, 2014) to determine
appropriate values for these coefficients
for coil-only products. 80 FR 69277,
69318.
By letter dated September 7, 2021,
Nortek filed a petition for waiver and
interim waiver from the test procedure
for CAC/HPs set forth in appendix M1.8
Specifically, Nortek requested waivers
for basic models of ducted, coil-only,
two-stage CAC/HPs. Nortek asserted that
appendix M1 contains errors in the
calculations for capacity adjustment and
power consumption for the indoor fan at
part-load conditions resulting from a
faulty assumption of default fan wattage
at reduced airflows. (Nortek, EERE–
2021–BT–WAV–0025, No. 1 at p. 1)
Nortek asserted that by applying the
same default fan power coefficient and
default fan heat coefficient to both the
full-load and part-load tests, appendix
M1 incorrectly establishes a linear
8 As noted, appendix M1 is the test procedure
applicable to CAC/HPs beginning January 1, 2023.
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relationship between indoor airflow and
fan power (and fan heat); whereas,
according to Nortek, a cubic
relationship should be applied instead,
citing the theoretical fan affinity laws
that describe the relationship between
fan power and airflow. (Nortek, EERE–
2021–BT–WAV–0025, No. 1 at p. 2)
Nortek recommended an alternate test
procedure that would define lower
default fan power coefficients and
default fan heat coefficients for the partload tests, instead of applying the same
coefficients to both the full-load and
part-load tests, as is done in appendix
M1. (Nortek, EERE–2021–BT–WAV–
0025, No. 1 at pp. 4–9)
On November 16, 2021, DOE
published a notification that announced
its receipt of the petition for waiver and
denial of Nortek’s petition for an interim
waiver. 86 FR 63357 (‘‘Notification of
Petition for Waiver’’). In the Notification
of Petition for Waiver, DOE noted that
applying the modified default fan power
coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients in appendix M1 to products
such as those that are the subject of
Nortek’s petition was determined to be
representative of the systems’
performance and reflected the adoption
of the recommendations of a working
group formed to negotiate a notice of
proposed rulemaking for energy
conservation standards for CAC/HPs;
and that the modified coefficients were
subject to public comment during the
2016 test procedure rulemaking for
CAC/HPs. 82 FR 1426, 1452 (January 5,
2017). DOE also noted that Nortek
commented in support of the modified
coefficients during the 2016 rulemaking.
Id.
In response to the issue raised by
Nortek, DOE re-examined the furnace
fan electrical power consumption data
collected for the furnace fans
rulemaking (see 79 FR 506, Jan. 3, 2014)
that was used to develop the default fan
power coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients for coil-only products in
appendix M1. In establishing the
current coefficients, for each furnace fan
in DOE’s furnace fan dataset, DOE
developed correlations of airflow and
power consumption as functions of
external static pressure (‘‘ESP’’), and
then applied those correlations to a
reference ductwork system curve to
predict the actual operating airflow and
power consumption at each fan speed
setting for the furnace fan.
DOE has extended the prior analysis
to examine both full-load and part-load
air volume rates.9 DOE correlated the
9 To ensure consistency across analyses, DOE
aggregated the data by applying market weightings
to each type and brand of furnace model, using the
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predicted power consumption with the
predicted air volume rate for each
furnace fan to determine adjusted values
of the default fan power coefficients that
may result in a more representative
estimate of fan power and fan heat at
reduced airflow conditions, compared
to the coefficients currently defined in
appendix M1. DOE’s analysis indicates
that at a reduced air volume rate of 75
percent, the average indoor fan power
coefficient would be 360 W/1000 scfm
for coil-only CAC/HPs in a conventional
(i.e., non-mobile-home and non-spaceconstrained) installation. For mobilehome and space-constrained systems, to
the average indoor fan power coefficient
would be 331 W/1000 scfm. DOE also
calculated the associated fan heat
coefficients associated with these power
input levels. The average indoor fan
heat coefficients would be 1,228 Btu/hr/
1000 scfm and 1,130 Btu/h/1000 scfm
for conventional (i.e., non-mobile-home
and non-space-constrained) and mobilehome/space-constrained installations,
respectively.
The analysis conducted by DOE
resulted in higher default fan power
coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients at the reduced 75 percent
air volume rate than the values
presented in the Nortek waiver petition.
DOE tentatively concludes that its
analysis is a more appropriate
representation of average furnace fan
power consumption than the results
presented by Nortek for the following
reasons: (1) DOE’s analysis relied on test
and specification data from a collection
of actual furnaces operating at reduced
air volume rates, whereas the Nortek
analysis derived default fan power
values using a theoretical relationship
between full-load and part-load
conditions; (2) DOE’s analysis applied
the same weighting factors that were
used to develop the full-load default
values during the 2016 CAC TP
Rulemaking, whereas Nortek’s analysis
introduced new weighting factors and
motor efficiency data without indicating
the source of the data; and (3) DOE’s
analysis considered performance data
from an additional type of fan motor not
considered by Nortek (specifically,
constant-torque brushless-permanentmagnet ‘‘X13’’ motors). Therefore, in
this NOPR DOE proposes to amend the
default fan power coefficients and
default fan heat coefficients for coil-only
fan power when operating at reduced air
volume rates to reflect the results of its
analysis. Specifically, when operating at
75 percent air volume rate (or higher
manufacturer-specified air volume rate
same market shares that were used in the previous
analysis for the 2016 CAC TP Rulemaking.
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that is between the 75 percent air
volume rate and the full-load air volume
rate as described in appendix M1,
section 3.1.4.2.c), DOE proposes to
specify for ducted two-capacity coilonly systems a default fan power
coefficient of 360 W/1000 scfm and a
default fan heat coefficient of 1,228 Btu/
h/1000 scfm for units installed in
conventional systems; and a default fan
power coefficient of 331 W/1000 scfm
and a default fan heat coefficient of
1,130 Btu/h/1000 scfm for mobile home
and space-constrained systems.10
The reduced air volume rate used for
low-stage operation of two-stage coilonly systems may be higher than 75
percent of the full-load air volume rate,
if the manufacturer’s instructions
specify a higher part-load air volume
rate. DOE is proposing that in such
cases, the default fan power values
associated with full-load air volume rate
be used. However, the appropriate
default fan power coefficient and
default fan heat coefficient may be
values between the reduced values
discussed above and the values used for
full-load air volume rate. For such cases,
DOE could consider alternative options,
other than requiring use of the full-load
air volume default fan power and fan
heat coefficients. Two alternative
options include (1) allowing the
reduced value up to a threshold value,
e.g., 80 percent of full-load air volume
rate, above which the full-load value
would be required, and (2) requiring a
linear interpolation of the default fan
power coefficient between the reduced
value at 75 percent of full-load air
volume rate to the full-load value at 100
percent.11 DOE seeks comment on
whether one these alternate approaches
should be adopted instead of the
proposed use of the single reduced
coefficients for the category discussed
previously.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to specify a reduced default
fan power coefficient and default fan
heat coefficient at part-load airflows in
the calculations of SEER2 and HSPF2
10 For example, under DOE’s proposed changes to
Appendix M1, for a two-stage coil-only system in
a conventional application that has a cooling fullload air volume rate of 1,640 scfm and a cooling
minimum (i.e., part-load) air volume rate of 1,230,
the default fan power at full load would be
calculated as (441 W/1000 scfm × 1,640 scfm = 723
W); and default fan power at part-load would be
calculated as (371 W/1000 scfm × 1,230 scfm = 456
W).
11 For example, for non-mobile-home and nonspace-constrained systems, if a linear interpolation
of the default fan power coefficient is required, it
would be equal to 371 +
(441¥371)*(%FLAVR¥75%)/(100%¥75%), where
%FLAVR is the reduced air volume rate used for
the test expressed as a percentage of the full load
air volume rate.
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for ducted two-stage coil-only systems.
DOE requests comment on the specific
default fan power coefficients and
default fan heat coefficients proposed. If
the proposed values are not appropriate,
DOE seeks data to support selection of
alternative values. Additionally, DOE
requests comment on whether a single
default fan power coefficient (and
default fan heat coefficient) should be
used for each product class group
regardless of the actual air volume rate
used for low-stage tests, or whether one
of the alternative approaches discussed
in the NOPR should be considered, or
any other alternative. DOE also requests
comment on whether any two-stage
systems use a part-load air volume rate
higher than 75 percent of the full-load
air volume rate, and if so, whether the
ratio is a value less than 100 percent.
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2. Variable-Speed Coil-Only Test
Procedure
As discussed, appendix M1 contains
provisions for testing split-system CAC/
HPs equipped with ‘‘coil only’’ indoor
units that, in a field installation, are
paired with an existing furnace or other
air handler in order to circulate
conditioned air through ductwork.
These provisions apply to single-stage
and two-stage systems.12 appendix M1
does not include provisions for testing
variable-speed systems equipped with
coil-only indoor units.
Since the publication of the January
2017 Final Rule, DOE has granted test
procedure waivers to GD Midea Heating
& Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd. (‘‘GD
Midea’’) (83 FR 56065 (Nov. 9, 2018))
and TCL air conditioner (zhongshan)
Co. Ltd. (‘‘TCL AC’’) (84 FR 11941 (Mar.
29, 2019)), and an interim waiver for LG
Electronics U.S.A., Inc. (‘‘LGE’’) (85 FR
40272 (July 6, 2020)), for specified basic
models of variable-speed, coil-only
CAC/HPs. In each of these cases, the
petitioners identified their variablespeed coil only systems as ‘‘noncommunicative’’ systems for which
compressor speed varies based only on
controls located on the outdoor unit,
and for which the indoor unit maintains
a constant indoor blower fan speed (see,
e.g., 83 FR 24767, 24769 (May 30,
2018)). As required under the specified
alternate test procedures, the subject
systems must be tested according to the
appendix M provisions applicable to
variable-speed systems (e.g., three
different compressor speeds in the
cooling mode), except that the subject
systems must be tested using the full12 Section 3.1.4.2 (cooling minimum air volume
rate), section 3.1.4.3 (cooling intermediate air
volume rate), and section 3.1.4.6 (heating
intermediate air volume rate) of appendix M1.
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load cooling air volume rate at all test
conditions, commensurate with the
constant indoor blower fan speed that
these units would experience (GD
Midea, EERE–2017–BT–WAV–0060, No.
1, pp. 1–3; TCL, EERE–2018–BT–WAV–
0013, No. 1, pp. 2–4; LG, EERE–2019–
BT–WAV–0023, No. 1, pp 3–4). DOE
notes that the waivers for these models
were granted for appendix M only and
will expire on Jan 1, 2023—the date
when use of appendix M1 becomes
required for any representations,
including compliance certifications,
made with respect to the energy use,
power, or efficiency of CAC/HPs.
DOE notes also that the waivers for
‘‘non-communicative’’ variable-speed
coil-only systems did not address
comprehensively how the outdoor units
are controlled to turn on or off in
cooling mode or in heating mode, nor
how the compressor speeds are set to
match the internal building load.
Regarding the latter, the waivers
indicated only that ‘‘compressor speed
varies based only on controls located on
the outdoor unit’’ (GD Midea, EERE–
2017–BT–WAV–0060, No. 1, p. 6; TCL,
EERE–2018–BT–WAV–0013, No. 1, p. 4;
LG, EERE–2019–BT–WAV–0023, No. 1,
pp 2). DOE did not receive information
in the waiver petitions regarding, nor
has it evaluated, the compressor speed
selections used for different test
conditions specified in appendix M or
appendix M1. Further, DOE has not
compared these speed selections with
those used by blower-coil variable speed
systems for the same test conditions.
Based on the information received and
evaluated, DOE has yet to receive
sufficient evidence that can be relied on
to conclude that the alternate test
procedures specified in the waivers are
representative of average use cycles of
CAC/HPs other than those subject to the
granted waivers, as required by EPCA
for DOE test procedures.
DOE has also granted an interim test
procedure waiver to Goodman
Manufacturing Company, L.P.
(‘‘Goodman’’) (86 FR 40534 (July 28,
2021)) for their basic models of variablespeed, coil-only CAC/HPs. Unlike the
aforementioned test procedure waivers,
Goodman represented, and supported in
their petition, that their systems have
communicative controls, where both the
outdoor unit and indoor coil
communicate with each other to control
both the variable-speed compressor and
multi-speed indoor fan. 86 FR 40534,
40539. As a result, the alternate test
procedure prescribed under the interim
waiver requires use of two different
indoor air volume rates during testing to
simulate the impacts of communicative
control that would be realized in a
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typical field installation. 86 FR 40534,
40538. Specifically, the Goodman
waiver requires use of the cooling fullload air volume rate for the full-load
cooling and full-load heating tests; and
the cooling minimum air volume rate
for the cooling minimum, heating
minimum, cooling intermediate, and
heating intermediate tests. Id.
In response to the notice of petition
for waiver, Rheem questioned the
approach of the alternate test procedure
in specifying two different indoor air
volume rates during testing of these
basic models. (Rheem, EERE–2021–BT–
WAV–0001, No. 7 at p. 1). Rheem
expressed concern that the alternate test
procedure would allow Goodman an
unfair competitive advantage, (i.e., by
allowing reduced airflow rates at lowload test conditions while other
variable-speed coil-only products would
be required to test at full-load cooling
air volume rate for all test conditions),
that it would be unlikely that installers
would correctly install the
communicative products to enable the
indoor fan control requested in
Goodman’s proposed alternate test
procedure, and that most furnace fans
currently installed are not capable of
adding controls to set multiple airflow
rates. In response to the Rheem
comment, Goodman stated that almost
all two-stage coil-only ratings today
utilize a lower indoor air volume rate
for low-stage compressor operation, and
highlighted training procedures and
other best-practices put in place to
ensure proper installation of
communicating systems. (Goodman,
EERE–2021–BT–WAV–0001, No. 8 at
pp. 1–4)
As stated in a final rule published in
2005, use of a lower air volume rate for
low-stage operation is based on the
assumption that the two-capacity coilonly unit would most often be used
with an existing multi-tap furnace
blower (i.e., a furnace fan capable of
multiple speeds). 70 FR 59122, 59128
(October 11, 2005). The two-stage coilonly test provisions in the DOE test
procedure are premised on the
installation location having two-stage
thermostat wiring (Final Rule Technical
Supporting Document, EERE–2014–BT–
STD–0048, No. 98, p. 8–25). DOE
similarly assumes the presence of the
necessary wiring for the installation of
variable-speed systems.
As mentioned in the notification of
the interim waiver issued in response to
the Goodman petition, DOE reviewed
numerous materials relevant to the
control of the Goodman variable-speed
coil-only system, including additional
materials Goodman provided in support
of the petition. 86 FR 40534, 40537 (July
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28, 2021). These materials included
installation manuals and other
information that confirmed similarities
between the system’s control and the
control of more conventional variablespeed blower-coil systems (including
the use of communicating controls),
providing justification for claims that
the alternate test procedure specified in
the waiver would be representative of
average use.
DOE notes that Goodman’s interim
waiver was granted for both appendix M
and appendix M1. The waiver for
appendix M will expire on the date
representations are required to be based
on testing according to appendix M1
(Jan 1, 2023), and the waiver for
appendix M1 will expire on the date on
which use of an amended test procedure
that addresses the issues presented in
the Goodman waiver is required to
demonstrate compliance. 10 CFR
430.27(h)(3).
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to add
testing provisions addressing variablespeed coil-only systems in appendix
M1. DOE also proposes to define
‘‘communicating control’’ in the context
of variable-speed, coil-only CAC/HPs in
order to differentiate between the test
procedure provisions that would be
applicable to communicating systems
from those applicable to noncommunicating systems.
DOE is proposing provisions as
generally prescribed in the relevant
waivers, except that DOE is proposing to
require that all variable-speed coil-only
systems, regardless of communicative
capability, would be tested using the
cooling minimum air volume rate for
the cooling minimum, heating
minimum, cooling intermediate, and
heating intermediate tests. This
proposal is consistent with the
conditions specified in the interim
waiver granted to Goodman. DOE
further proposes to require that noncommunicative variable-speed coil-only
systems be tested using the newly
proposed provisions for variable-speed
compressor with non-communicating
coil-only systems (i.e., eliminating the
EV test for cooling and H2V for heating
as well as including H22, H21 and H31
for heating), whereas systems that meet
the newly proposed criteria for
‘‘communicating’’ control would follow
the existing variable-speed test
procedure.
Regarding indoor air volume rate, the
proposed test procedure would utilize
the same procedure as for ducted twocapacity coil-only units. As discussed
previously, the two-stage coil-only test
procedure is premised on the capability
of controlling an existing multi-tap
furnace fan at two air volume rates for
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cooling operation. DOE is not proposing
to amend this approach. DOE is
proposing to apply a similar approach to
the testing of variable-speed coil-only
systems. As such, DOE proposes to align
the requirements for minimum air
volume rate between two-capacity and
variable-speed coil-only indoor units,
regardless of communicating
capabilities. This includes adopting the
reduced default fan power and default
fan heat coefficients at reduced air
volume rates discussed in section I.B.1.
However, if the system does not include
the capability to control an existing
furnace fan at two air volume rates, the
manufacturer has the option of
specifying minimum/intermediate air
volume rates equal to the full-load air
volume rate. Regarding compressor
speed, the proposed test procedure
would limit use of the variable-speed
testing provisions to those systems
meeting the newly proposed criteria for
communicating control.
As previously stated, the test
procedure for two-stage coil-only
systems is premised on the system using
a two-stage thermostat and associated
wiring that responds to indoor
temperature measurements and sends
voltage signals that enable two-stage
control of both the compressor speed
and the indoor fan speed. A more
sophisticated control approach is
required to enable a variable speed
system to modulate compressor speed
control (e.g., proprietary thermostat,
serial communication wiring, and/or
electronic sensors at the indoor coil).
DOE proposes to define
‘‘Communicating Variable-speed Coilonly Central Air Conditioner or Heat
Pump’’ in section 1.2 of appendix M1 to
distinguish variable-speed coil-only
systems with such control as the
following:
Variable-Speed Communicating CoilOnly Central Air Conditioner or Heat
Pump means a variable-speed
compressor system having a coil-only
indoor unit that is installed with a
control system that (a) communicates
the difference in space temperature and
space setpoint temperature (not a
setpoint value inferred from on/off
thermostat signals) to the control that
sets compressor speed; (b) provides a
signal to the indoor fan to set fan speed
appropriate for compressor staging and
air volume rate; and (c) has installation
instructions indicating that the required
control system meeting both (a) and (b)
must be installed.
DOE also proposes to define variablespeed systems that do not have this
communicating feature as the following:
Variable-Speed Non-communicating
Coil-Only Central Air Conditioner or
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Heat Pump means a variable-speed
compressor system having a coil-only
indoor unit that does not meet the
definition of variable-speed
communicating coil-only central air
conditioner or heat pump.
Variable-speed coil-only systems that
meet the ‘‘communicating’’ definition
would be tested like any other variablespeed system, except that the heating
full-load air volume rate would be equal
to the cooling full-load air volume rate,
and the intermediate and minimum
cooling and heating air volume rates
would all be the higher of (1) the rate
specified by the installation instructions
included with the unit by the
manufacturer, and (2) 75 percent of the
full-load cooling air volume rate.
DOE proposes that those variablespeed coil-only systems that are not
‘‘communicating’’ as defined above
would be tested with additional
limitations as if they have some
variable-speed system characteristics
and some two-stage coil-only system
characteristics. Specifically, (a) the
outdoor unit and/or the indoor unit
would be provided with a control signal
indicating operation at high or low
stage, rather than testing with
compressor speed fixed at specified
speeds, and (b) air volume rates would
be determined consistent with the
requirement for two-stage coil-only
systems. A key implication of (a) is that
there would be no intermediate
compressor speed operation. Many of
the requirements associated with
variable-speed operation would,
however, be retained. For example, such
systems would be allowed to have
‘‘minimum speed-limiting’’ control for
heat pump mode (see the alternative
calculations representing minimumspeed operation in appendix M1,
section 4.2.4.b). The test method for
non-communicating variable-speed coilonly systems would include requiring
tests for minimum-speed operation for
both the 35 °F and 17 °F heating test
conditions so that the HSPF2
calculations utilize test results for
appropriate compressor speeds. Also,
the full compressor speed during
heating mode operation would be
allowed to vary with outdoor
temperature, there would be an H1N test
to represent the nominal capacity, and
the same provisions for calculation of
full-speed capacity and power applied
to conventional variable-speed systems
would be used (see, e.g., the
calculations in appendix M1, sections
3.6.4, 4.2.4.c, and 4.2.4.d). If a
manufacturer chooses to run the
optional H12 test (i.e. if compressor
speed for the H1N test is different than
compressor speed for the H32 test, and
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the manufacturer chooses to run the H12
test rather than use the standardized
slope factors described in appendix M1
section 3.6.4.b), then the test would be
run with over-ride of compressor speed
using the same speed as used for the
H32 test—this is the only test for which
such over-ride would be allowed.
To ensure consistency of testing, it
may be necessary for manufacturers to
certify whether a variable-speed coilonly rating is based on noncommunicating or communicating
control. However, this change is not
being proposed in this NOPR and may
be considered in a separate rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its
proposals related to test procedures for
variable-speed coil-only CAC/HPs and
on its proposed definitions for variablespeed communicating and noncommunicating coil-only CAC/HPs.
DOE recognizes that there may be
variable-speed control technology that
cannot be tested according to the
proposed test approach described
previously for non-communicating
variable-speed coil-only systems.
Specifically, the test approach may not
result in tests that meet the stability
requirements for testing (i.e., the
measurements might not meet the
tolerance requirements in Table 2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009, ‘‘Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven
Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat
Pump Equipment,’’ (‘‘ASHRAE 37–
2009’’), which is incorporated by
reference by the DOE test procedure). Or
the proposed test procedure might
evaluate such a basic model in a manner
so unrepresentative of its true energy
consumption characteristics as to
provide materially inaccurate
comparative data. In this case, the
manufacturer may petition DOE for a
waiver and include a suggested alternate
test procedure. See 10 CFR 430.27. As
part of its review of such a waiver and
alternate test procedure, DOE would
consider the correlation between results
of a suggested alternate test procedure
and results of testing when using the
two-stage two-wire controls expected to
be available in a general coil-only
system installation, recognizing that the
latter testing may involve dynamics that
exceed the measurement tolerances
discussed above. DOE would also
consider the control hardware involved
in achieving appropriate control for
indoor and outdoor conditions and
some understanding of how the control
works.
DOE is aware that installations using
non-communicating controls may not be
limited only to variable-speed coil-only
systems, but could also occur with
variable-speed blower-coil systems.
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DOE’s proposal makes a distinction
between the testing approach used for
coil-only configurations and the testing
approach used for blower-coil
configurations. As coil-only
installations are much more likely than
blower-coil installations to involve use
of both the existing furnace fan and
existing controls, the test procedure
should be reflective of coil-only
installations because they are more
representative than blower coil
installations.
DOE has considered whether the
current test procedures for variablespeed systems generally give
manufacturers too much flexibility in
specifying fixed settings of the
compressor and indoor fan for testing
without requiring the selected settings
to be demonstrated using native control
testing. DOE is well aware that there is
ongoing work addressing questions
about whether the current DOE test
procedure for variable-speed systems is
fully representative of native control
operation. However, DOE has initiated
this rulemaking not as a comprehensive
revision that will satisfy the 7-year
lookback requirements (see 42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A)), but instead as an action
that will address a focused group of
known issues, including those that have
been raised through the test procedure
waiver process. Thus, DOE is limiting
its proposals addressing potential
concerns about variable-speed systems
to coil-only systems, for which there are
clear differences in system controls
architecture, particularly when using
non-communicating controls, which
impact the performance of these systems
in the field. However, DOE may more
comprehensively address these issues
for all variable-speed systems in a future
rulemaking.
Coil-Only Variable-Speed System
Representations and Testing
Coil-only testing approaches for
variable-speed systems address the
installation of variable-speed technology
in which the newly-installed system
uses existing components, for example
an existing furnace fan. For singlecapacity and two-capacity airconditioners, certification requirements
anticipate this potential gap by
requiring that such models include
performance representations with a coilonly combination representative of the
least-efficient combination in which the
outdoor unit is sold (see 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1)). DOE considered whether
such a requirement may be appropriate
for variable-speed systems.
A review of manufacturing materials,
such as product datasheets and
installation instructions, indicates that
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there is a wide range of instruction
provided regarding the need to pair a
variable-speed outdoor unit with
specific models of indoor units and/or
air movers (e.g., furnaces) whose
controls can be coordinated with those
of the outdoor unit to optimize
performance. Some literature is very
clear that achieving the rated
performance requires installation with
specific models of mating components
with variable-speed indoor fans and
communicating controls. However,
other models have literature that does
not mention the need for such pairing
of components. The latter group is not
limited to brands that have received test
procedure waivers or interim waivers
for variable-speed coil-only systems.
Thus, it is possible that variable-speed
systems are being installed in coil-only
applications for which the system
representations may not be
representative of actual performance
because the representations are blowercoil based. Realizing this possibility,
DOE considered the approaches that
could be applied to address this issue.
Currently, every single-split system
AC with other than single-stage and
two-stage compressors must represent
every individual combination
distributed in commerce, including all
coil-only and blower coil combinations.
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1). These regulations,
when combined with the test procedure
proposals in this NOPR, would require
manufacturers to represent variablespeed ACs based on how they distribute
them in commerce, which includes
whether they are coil-only
communicating, coil-only
noncommunicating, or blower coil, as
applicable to a given model of outdoor
unit. DOE would evaluate how
manufacturers distribute models of
outdoor units based on review of
product datasheets, installation and
operation manuals, product marketing,
relevant databases (including the AHRI
database), manufacturer websites, and
other related materials that help inform
the consumer how the outdoor unit
should be installed.
As noted previously, representations
of efficiency for single-split air
conditioners with a single-stage or twostage compressor must include at least
one coil-only combination
representative of the least-efficient
combination distributed in commerce
with that outdoor unit. 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1). As part of this rulemaking,
DOE considered adopting such an
approach for all single-split outdoor
units, including variable speed models,
to ensure that representations include
all installations that may occur in the
field. However, based on the
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information DOE has from the previous
energy conservation standards
rulemaking pertaining to central air
conditioners and heat pumps, less than
5 percent of variable-speed system
installations are coil-only installations.
82 FR 1786. Further, the number of
certified combinations of variable-speed
coil-only systems is a small percentage
of all of the variable-speed system
certifications.13 Based on this
information, DOE concludes that
installations of variable-speed systems
in coil-only applications are not likely
to be representative of variable-speed
system operation as a whole. For this
reason, DOE is not proposing a blanket
coil-only representation requirement for
variable-speed systems. However, DOE
may revisit this possibility if it
determines that there is significant
distribution in commerce of coil-only
variable-speed systems using outdoor
units that do not include a coil-only
representation.
In order improve representativeness
of the representations of variable-speed
systems used in coil-only combinations,
DOE proposes to require a coil-only
tested combination for any variablespeed outdoor unit distributed in
commerce in a coil-only combination. In
addition, DOE proposes to require that,
if a manufacturer distributes in
commerce an outdoor unit basic model
with other than a single-stage or twostage compressor in non-communicating
coil-only combinations, the combination
selected for testing be a noncommunicating coil-only combination.
If a manufacturer distributes in
commerce an outdoor unit basic model
with other than a single-stage or twostage compressor only in
communicating coil-only combinations,
then the combination selected for
testing that outdoor model would be a
communicating coil-only combination.
Finally, if the manufacturer does not
distribute in commerce any coil-only
combinations, then the individual
combination selected for testing for
split-system AC and HP with other than
a single-stage or two-stage compressor
would be a blower-coil combination.
DOE notes that the variable-speed
coil-only waiver petitions addressed
both air-conditioners and heat pumps.
Thus, DOE’s considered whether the
coil-only tested combination
requirement should apply to variable
speed heat pumps and/or to single-stage
and/or two-stage heat pumps. DOE
notes that coil-only heat pumps allow
the heating system to provide heat
either using the furnace or the heat
pump. There has been greater interest in
such systems in recent years, since they
provide heating with a furnace in
extreme cold conditions for which a
heat pump may have limited capacity
and/or reduced efficiency.14 DOE is
proposing in this NOPR to require coilonly tested combinations for variablespeed heat pumps, but not for singleand two-stage heat pumps, because DOE
expects that the representativeness of
blower-coil tests would deviate more
from coil-only tests for variable-speed
systems, due to the use of a variablespeed indoor fan and use of an
intermediate air volume rate used for
intermediate-speed testing for variablespeed systems. The test procedures for
single-stage and two-stage heat pumps
are more restrictive with regard to
allowed air volume rates and thus
performance differences between
blower-coil and coil-only operation
would be less.
Regarding variable-speed coil-only
systems using indoor units
manufactured by independent coil
manufacturers (‘‘ICMs’’), the regulations
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require certification of the performance
of any variable-speed coil-only
combinations distribution in commerce,
and whether any given combination is
coil-only (see 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1)).
However, DOE notes that a tested
combination for an ICM indoor unit
must include the least-efficient outdoor
unit with which the indoor unit is
distributed in commerce (see 10 CFR
429.6(b)(2)(i)). DOE does not believe any
changes are needed to this proposal
with respect to ICM certifications as the
current regulations already encompass
representing all combinations
distributed in commerce, including
noncommunicating and communicating
variable-speed coil only systems.
DOE requests comment on its
approach for variable speed coil-only
systems. More specifically, DOE seeks
comment on its proposal to require coilonly tested combinations for variablespeed systems, both air-conditioners
and heat pumps, that are distributed in
commerce with coil-only combinations.
DOE also requests comment on the
proposal to require that the tested
combination be a non-communicating
coil-only combination, if the outdoor
unit is distributed in commerce in a
non-communicating coil-only
combination.
3. Space-Constrained Coil-Only CAC
Ratings
DOE’s regulations at 10 CFR 429.16
prescribe certification requirements for
CAC/HPs. Paragraph (a)(1) of that
section includes a table specifying the
required represented values for each
‘‘tested combination’’ of CAC/HPs.
Table III–1 is an excerpt from the table
in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) showing
represented value requirements for
different varieties of split-system CAC/
HPs.
TABLE III–1—REQUIRED REPRESENTED VALUES FOR SPLIT-SYSTEM CAC/HPS
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[Excerpted from 429.16(a)(1)]
Category
Equipment subcategory
Required represented values
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit
(Distributed in Commerce by
OUM).
Single-Split-System AC with Single-Stage or
Two-Stage Compressor (including SpaceConstrained and Small-Duct, High Velocity
Systems (SDHV)).
Every individual combination distributed in commerce must be
rated as a coil-only combination. For each model of outdoor unit, this must include at least one coil-only value that
is representative of the least efficient combination distributed in commerce with that particular model of outdoor unit.
Additional blower-coil representations are allowed for any
applicable individual combinations, if distributed in commerce.
Every individual combination distributed in commerce, including all coil-only and blower coil combinations.
Single-Split-System AC with Other Than Single-Stage or Two-Stage Compressor (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
13 For example, there are roughly 27,000
combinations listed in the AHRI Database for which
a non-zero intermediate indoor air volume rate is
listed, indicating that the combination is a variablespeed model. DOE reviewed the current
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certifications in the certification compliance
management system and found that there are
approximately 400 variable-speed coil-only
combinations, representing roughly 1.5 percent of
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the total variable speed combinations certified to
the Department.
14 https://www.trane.com/residential/en/
resources/glossary/dual-fuel-heat-pump/(last
accessed 2/4/2022).
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TABLE III–1—REQUIRED REPRESENTED VALUES FOR SPLIT-SYSTEM CAC/HPS—Continued
[Excerpted from 429.16(a)(1)]
Category
Equipment subcategory
Required represented values
Single-Split-System HP (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or Multi-Head MiniSplit Split System—non-SDHV (including
Space-Constrained).
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Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or Multi-Head MiniSplit Split System—SDHV.
As presented in Table III–1, singlesplit CACs with single-stage or twostage compressors are required to
provide represented values for every
individual combination distributed in
commerce, each rated as a coil-only
combination. For each model of outdoor
unit, this must include at least one coilonly value that is representative of the
least efficient combination distributed
in commerce with that model of outdoor
unit. Additional blower-coil ratings are
allowed (i.e., optional) for any
applicable individual combinations, if
distributed in commerce. DOE has
become aware that these provisions may
contain ambiguity over the precise
rating requirements for single-split
CACs. For example, if the least efficient
combination distributed in commerce
for a given basic model includes a
blower-coil indoor unit (as opposed to
the assumption that a coil-only
combination would be least efficient),
the existing provisions are unclear on
which combination would be used to
rate the basic model. Accordingly, DOE
is proposing to amend the language in
the table found in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1)
to clarify the rating requirements
pertaining to single-split CACs with
single-stage or two-stage compressors.15
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to clarify the language for
required represented values of coil-only
CACs found in the table at 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1)
The requirement to provide coil-only
ratings for each basic model also applies
to single split CACs designed for spaceconstrained applications (‘‘SC–CAC’’).
DOE has received three petitions for test
15 DOE’s proposed clarifications would require
every single-stage and two-stage outdoor unit of
single-split CAC to have a compliant rating with a
coil-only combination that is distributed in
commerce and representative of the least efficient
combination distributed in commerce for that
particular model of outdoor unit
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Every individual combination distributed in commerce.
For each model of outdoor unit, at a minimum, a non-ducted
‘‘tested combination.’’ For any model of outdoor unit also
sold with models of ducted indoor units, a ducted ‘‘tested
combination.’’ When determining represented values on or
after January 1, 2023, the ducted ‘‘tested combination’’
must comprise the highest static variety of ducted indoor
unit distributed in commerce (i.e., conventional, mid-static,
or low-static). Additional representations are allowed, as
described in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section.
For each model of outdoor unit, an SDHV ‘‘tested combination.’’ Additional representations are allowed, as described
in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section.
procedure waivers related to the
represented value requirements for SC–
CACs. The first was a petition from
National Comfort Products, Inc. (‘‘NCP’’)
dated March 20, 2017 (Docket No.
EERE–2017–BT–WAV–0030–0001); the
second was a petition from AeroSys,
Inc. (‘‘AeroSys’’) dated May 29, 2017
(Docket No. EERE–2017–BT–WAV–
0042–0001); and the third was a petition
from First Company (‘‘First Co.’’) dated
May 25, 2018 (Docket No. EERE–2018–
BT–WAV–0012–0002). Each petitioner
claimed that specified basic models of
SC–CAC outdoor units listed in their
respective petitions are designed and
intended to be sold only with
proprietary blower-coil indoor units
equipped with high-efficiency
electronically commutated (‘‘ECM’’) fan
motors, and not as a coil-only
combination (NCP, EERE–2017–BT–
WAV–0030, No. 1 at p. 1; AeroSys,
EERE–2017–BT–WAV–0042; No. 1 at p.
1, First Co., EERE–2018–BT–WAV–
0012, No. 2 at p. 1) Each petitioner also
claimed that the identified blower-coil
indoor units operate at a much lower
wattage than the default fan power
required by appendix M for coil-only
combinations and asserted that
appendix M would not result in a
representative rating for the specified
basic models (NCP, Id. at p. 2; AeroSys,
Id. at p. 1, First Co., Id. at pp. 2–3) Each
petitioner requested waivers requiring
that the specified basic models be tested
according to appendix M and that
representations be determined by
pairing models only with blower-coil
indoor units (i.e., requesting exemption
from the requirement in 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1) to provide represented
values based on a coil-only
combination). (NCP, Id. at p. 3; AeroSys,
Id. at p. 6, First Co., Id. at p. 6) These
waiver requests were predicated on the
premise that the basic models of
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outdoor units identified by NCP,
AeroSys, and First Co. are not intended
to be sold with a coil-only indoor unit
pairing and are designed to be sold with
only the specified blower-coil indoor
units containing high-efficiency ECM
fans.
In a notice published May 30, 2021,
DOE granted AeroSys’s petition for
interim waiver. Since that time, AeroSys
filed for bankruptcy and thus DOE
stopped further evaluation of the
AeroSys test procedure waiver request.
With respect to First Co.’s petition,
DOE has concluded that statements
provided in product specification sheets
and installation instructions for the
subject basic models appear
inconsistent with First Co.’s assertion
that the subject basic models are
distributed in commerce exclusively for
use with blower-coil indoor units. For
example, installation instructions for
affected models include language
describing these units as replacements
for R–22 systems, and the existing
indoor units are unlikely to have the
high-efficiency motors used in the
described blower-coil indoor units.
Additionally, some spec sheets include
additional language indicating that
installation is intended with existing
indoor units that are unlikely to have
high efficiency motors.
As NCP’s waiver petition and the
prescribed alternate test procedure are
specific to appendix M, the interim
waiver will terminate on the date on
which testing is required under
appendix M1 (i.e., January 1, 2023);
there is no need for continuation of the
waiver once testing is required under
appendix M1. Moreover, as discussed in
the following paragraphs, DOE has
tentatively determined that it would be
inappropriate to amend appendix M1 to
provide for the testing of split-system
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CACs as requested in the waiver
petitions.
DOE is required per EPCA to
prescribe test procedures that are
reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency
during a representative average use
cycle or period of use, as determined by
the Secretary. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) For
split-system central air conditioner and
heat pump outdoor units, determination
of what constitutes a representative
average use cycle or period of use must
include consideration of combinations
in which a unit is paired in field
installations. DOE published an energy
conservation standard final rule to set
new standards for central air
conditioners and heat pumps on January
6, 2017. 82 FR 1786. In the rulemaking
that culminated in this final rule, DOE
examined the typical installations for
split-system CACs and HPs as part of its
assessment of life-cycle costs. DOE
determined that 39 percent of splitsystem CAC installations in 2021 16
would be full-system replacements
including a blower-coil indoor unit. Of
the 61 percent remaining CAC
installations, DOE’s determined that 75
percent of these would require
replacement of the entire system (i.e.,
both outdoor unit and coil-only indoor
unit) and 25 percent would involve
solely replacement of the outdoor unit
(i.e., leaving the existing coil-only
indoor unit and refrigerant line-sets
intact). (Docket No. EERE–2014–BT–
STD–0048–0098, p. 8–8).
DOE’s analysis indicates that
installations involving blower-coil
indoor units are in the minority for
split-system CACs. While DOE does not
have data showing the installation
breakdown specifically for spaceconstrained systems, DOE assumes in
the absence of such data that the general
installation trends would apply to
equally to space-constrained systems.
Additionally, DOE has observed
instances for which outdoor units
designed for space-constrained
applications are being distributed in
commerce without a corresponding
blower-coil indoor unit,17 indicating the
potential for pairing a replacement
outdoor unit with an existing indoor
unit using a legacy fan that would not
likely be comparable to the ECM fan of
16 DOE based its life-cycle analysis on the
assumption that the year of product purchase date
would be 2021, which at the time was the assumed
effective date of energy conservation standards for
CACs and HPs. Accordingly, all installation figures
were forecast through the year 2021.
17 www.ferguson.com/product/national-comfortproducts-3000-series-25-tons-12-seer-r-410a-27200btuh-room-air-conditioner-nncpe4303010/_/R4397660.
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the blower-coil indoor unit on which
the system rating is based. DOE notes
that the cited example is for sale of an
NCP outdoor unit, which indicates that
it is impossible to ensure that
installations are of systems with blowercoil indoor units, as suggested by NCP’s
waiver petition.
Consequently, DOE tentatively
concludes that measuring the
performance of space-constrained
systems exclusively with high-efficiency
blower-coil combinations, as requested
in the NCP, AeroSys, and First Co.
waiver petitions, is not generally
representative of field operation. Based
on this tentative conclusion,
amendment to the existing requirements
for represented values in 10 CFR 429.16
to allow manufacturers to avoid the coilonly test requirement for single-speed
and two-stage space-constrained CACs
would provide test results that are not
representative of an average use cycle or
period of use. DOE is not proposing
amendments to appendix M1 regarding
the test procedure waiver granted to
NCP.
DOE requests comment on its planned
approach not to propose waiving the
coil-only rating requirement for spaceconstrained air conditioners and heat
pumps. To support any comments
suggesting that DOE reverse this
decision, DOE requests shipment and/or
installation data for space-constrained
systems to clarify the characteristics of
representative installations.
C. Other Test Procedure Revisions
1. Air Volume Rate Changing With
Outdoor Conditions
When testing CAC/HP systems under
appendix M1, section 3.1.4 requires
determining airflow setting(s) before
testing begins; unless otherwise
specified, no changes are to be made to
the airflow setting(s) after initiation of
testing. The subsections of section 3.1.4
provide instructions for establishing air
volume rates for the following test
conditions: Cooling full-load (section
3.1.4.1), cooling minimum (section
3.1.4.2), cooling intermediate (section
3.1.4.3), heating full-load (section
3.1.4.4), heating minimum (section
3.1.4.5), heating intermediate (section
3.1.4.6), and heating nominal (section
3.1.4.7).
For example, section 3.1.4.1.1.a of
appendix M1 provides instructions for
determining the cooling full-load air
volume rate for ducted blower coil
systems other than those having a
constant-air-volume-rate indoor blower.
Within that section, a seven-step
process is followed to determine the
final fan speed or control settings to be
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16841
used for testing. Step (7) of the process
specifies using the measured air volume
rate as the cooling full-load air volume
rate, and to use the final fan speed or
control settings for all tests that use the
cooling full-load air volume rate.
Sections 3.1.4.2.a and 3.1.4.4.3.a specify
a similar process for determining
cooling minimum air volume rate and
heating full-load air volume rate,
respectively. These sections similarly
specify using use the measured air
volume rate and final fan speed or
control settings for all tests that use the
cooling minimum air volume rate or
heating full-load air volume rate,
respectively.
As noted, sections 3.1.4.1.1.a,
3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a of appendix M1
specify using the air volume rates
determined in those respective sections
for all tests. By contrast, sections 3.2.2.2,
3.2.3.b, and 3.2.4.b specify using air
volume rates that represent a ‘‘normal
installation’’ when testing units having
a single-speed compressor where the
indoor section uses a single variablespeed variable-air-volume rate indoor
blower or multiple indoor blowers
(3.2.2.2), when testing units having a
two-capacity compressor (3.2.3.b), and
when testing units having a variablespeed compressor (3.2.4.b). In some
cases, reference to ‘‘air volume rates that
represent a normal installation’’ could
conflict with the air volume rates
determined in sections 3.1.4.1.1.a,
3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a.
For example, many modern blowercoil systems have multiple-speed or
variable-speed indoor fans and control
systems (i.e. the type of units covered
under section 3.2.2.2) that may have the
capability to vary fan speed in response
to operating conditions in order to
optimize performance. Under ‘‘normal
installation’’ for such units, air volume
rate changes in response to operating
conditions such as outdoor air
temperature. For these types of systems,
the instructions in sections 3.1.4.1.1.a,
3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a to use a fixed
(constant) air volume rate for all tests
conflict with the instructions in sections
3.2.2.2, 3.2.3.b, and 3.2.4.b to use air
volume rates that represent a normal
installation.
For units with multiple-speed or
variable-speed indoor fans and control
systems that have the capability to vary
fan speed in response to operating
conditions, requiring air volume rate to
remain constant as outdoor air
temperature changes during testing may
not provide test results that are
representative of field operation.
To address this issue, DOE proposes
to explicitly state in Step 7 of sections
3.1.4.1.1.a, 3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a that,
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for blower coil systems in which the
indoor blower capacity modulation
correlates with outdoor dry bulb
temperature or sensible to total cooling
capacity ratio, use an air volume rate
that represents a normal operation. To
ensure consistency of testing, it may be
necessary for manufacturers to certify
whether the system varies blower
speeds with outdoor air conditions.
However, this change is not being
proposed in this notice and may be
addressed in a separate rulemaking.
DOE requests comments on its
proposal to add language clarifying how
to implement variation of blower speed
for different ambient temperature test
conditions.
2. Wet Bulb Temperature for H4 5 °F
Heating Tests
Appendix M1 specifies required and
optional heating mode test conditions
for heat pumps, designated as ‘‘H’’
conditions. See Tables 11 through 15 of
appendix M1. appendix M1 provides for
conducting optional ‘‘H4’’ heating tests
at a 5 °F outdoor ambient dry-bulb
temperature and, at a maximum, a 3 °F
outdoor wet-bulb temperature.18 DOE
initially proposed a target wet-bulb
temperature for the H4 test of 3.5 °F in
an SNOPR published in August 2016
(‘‘August 2016 SNOPR’’). 81 FR 58164,
58193. ACEEE, NRDC, and ASAP agreed
with DOE’s proposal of a target wet bulb
temperature of 3.5 °F for the optional
5 °F test. (ACEEE, NRDC, and ASAP,
EERE–2016–BT–TP–0029, No. 33 at p.
8) Carrier/UTC, Lennox, JCI, Ingersoll
Rand, Goodman, Nortek, NEEA, Rheem,
the CA IOUs, AHRI, and Mitsubishi all
recommended that the target wet bulb
temperature for the 5 °F test should be
3 °F or less, rather than the proposed
3.5 °F target. The commenters indicated
that holding tight tolerances on the wet
bulb temperature at such low
temperatures is very challenging, but
the frost loading for this temperature is
so low that the variation in the wet bulb
temperature level would not affect the
test significantly. Unico made a similar
recommendation but suggested a
maximum of 4 °F wet bulb temperature.
(Carrier/UTC, No. 36 at p. 12; Lennox,
EERE–2016–BT–TP–0029, No. 25 at p.
15; JCI, EERE–2016–BT–TP–0029, No.
24 at p. 17; Ingersoll Rand, EERE–2016–
BT–TP–0029, No. 38 at p. 7, Goodman
No. 39 at p. 11; Nortek, EERE–2016–BT–
TP–0029, No. 22 at p. 16; Unico, EERE–
2016–BT–TP–0029, No. 30 at p. 7;
NEEA, EERE–2016–BT–TP–0029, No. 35
at p. 3; Rheem, EERE–2016–BT–TP–
18 The tests at this condition are optional for heat
pumps, except for Triple-Capacity Northern heat
pumps.
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0029, No. 37 at p. 6; CA IOU, EERE–
2016–BT–TP–0029, No.32 at p.4; AHRI,
EERE–2016–BT–TP–0029, No. 27 at
p.19; Mitsubishi, No. 29 at p.4).
In the January 2017 TP Final Rule,
DOE agreed that the amount of moisture
in 5 °F air would be sufficiently low that
imposing a maximum wet bulb
temperature of 3 °F would be adequate
to ensure test repeatability; hence DOE
adopted the suggestion to require a 3 °F
maximum wet bulb temperature in the
January 2017 TP Final Rule (82 FR
1426). Since the publication of the 2017
Final Rule, DOE and other stakeholders
have gained additional experience
testing to the new appendix M1,
including testing at the 5 °F H4 heating
condition. DOE has received informal
comments and has independently
observed that holding the wet-bulb
tolerance of maximum 3 °F is difficult
for some test labs, especially for
extended periods of time, and that even
if this low humidity level can be
attained, the additional 0.5 to 1.0 °F wet
bulb reduction adds significant time to
testing (as compared to maximum wet
bulb requirements of 3.5 °F and 4 °F,
respectively).
The 3 °F wet bulb condition
represents an extremely dry air
condition, which is difficult to attain
and maintain due to issues with
infiltration and ground moisture passing
through the floor in some laboratory
setups. Accordingly, DOE is proposing
to amend the wet bulb test condition for
all H4 tests to be 4 °F maximum instead
of the current condition of 3 °F
maximum. Because, as previously
identified in comments, there is very
little moisture content in the air at 5 °F
dry-bulb temperature, DOE does not
expect that the change in wet bulb
temperature condition will have a
significant impact on test results.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
amend the wet bulb temperature
condition for the H4 heating tests from
the existing 3 °F maximum temperature
to a maximum temperature of 4 °F.
3. Hierarchy of Manufacturer
Installation Instructions
Instructions for installation of CAC/
HP products can take multiple forms,
including documents shipped with the
product, labels affixed to the outdoor
unit and/or indoor unit, and online
documents.
Section 2(A) of appendix M1 provides
requirements regarding the installation
instructions to be used and their order
of precedence (i.e., installation
instruction hierarchy) for variable
refrigerant flow (‘‘VRF’’) multi-split
systems. Section 2(A) specifies that
installation instructions that appear in
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the labels applied to the unit take
precedence over installation
instructions that are shipped with the
unit. Further, Section 2(A) specifies that
the term ‘‘manufacturer’s installation
instructions’’ does not include online
manuals. Appendix M1 does not specify
installation instruction hierarchy for
any other types of CAC/HP products.
Throughout appendix M1, references
to manufacturer’s installation
instructions are made regarding
refrigerant charging requirements
(section 2.2.5), installation of an air
supply plenum adapter accessory for
testing small-duct, high-velocity
systems (section 2.4.1.c), and control
circuit connections between the furnace
and the outdoor unit for coil-only
systems (section 3.13.1.a).
DOE notes that it initially proposed in
a supplemental NOPR published
November 9, 2015 (‘‘November 2015
SNOPR’’) that the hierarchy of
installation instructions be located in
proposed section 2.2.5.1 of appendix
M1, which pertains to refrigerant
charging requirements. See 80 FR
69278, 69350.19 However, as finalized
in the June 2016 Final Rule, the
installation instruction hierarchy
provision was located within section
2(A) of appendix M1, and therefore
applies only to testing of VRF multisplit systems. 81 FR 36992, 37060. The
June 2016 Final Rule did not provide a
discussion of this change.
The requirements regarding
installation instruction would be
equally applicable to classes of CAC/HP
other than VRF multi-split systems. As
noted, manufacturer’s installation
instructions are referenced in a number
of provisions in appendix M1.
Therefore, DOE is proposing to add in
section 2(B) of appendix M1, ‘‘Testing
Overview and Conditions for Systems
Other than VRF,’’ the same
requirements associated with
installation instructions that are in
section 2(A), i.e. what instructions can
be used and what instructions take
precedence. This proposal would align
the approach for all classes of CAC/HP
with the current approach for VRF CAC.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed alignment of the VRF and
non-VRF test procedures when it comes
to instruction precedence.
19 DOE also notes that as initially proposed,
installation instructions that are shipped with the
unit were to take precedence over installation
instructions that appear in the labels applied to the
unit, but this hierarchy was reversed in the final
rule. 81 FR 36992, 37060.
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4. Adjusting Airflow Measurement
Apparatus To Achieve Desired SCFM at
Part-Load Conditions
DOE is aware that the specifications
for cooling full-load air volume rates for
both ducted and non-ducted units may
require additional detail to provide
improved repeatability. Sections
3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of
appendix M1 each specify seven steps
for achieving the correct air volume rate
to be used for testing (cooling full-load
air volume rate, cooling minimum air
volume rate, and heating full-load air
volume rate, respectively). In each
section, Step 7 mentions ‘‘fan speed’’
and ‘‘control settings’’ without
indicating whether they are the speed
and settings of the unit under test, of the
airflow measurement apparatus, or both.
DOE notes that cooling full-load air
volume rate, cooling minimum air
volume rate, and heating full-load air
volume rate may each be used for
multiple test conditions. However,
when using this same air-volume rate at
different test conditions, it may be
necessary to adjust one of the fans to
achieve the same air-volume rate, due to
differences in air density and/or loading
of condensate on the indoor coil.20 In
sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3
of appendix M1, Step 7 identifies the air
volume rate (cooling full-load, cooling
minimum, and heating full-load,
respectively) to be used for all test
conditions that use the same air volume
rate, but it does not indicate what
adjustments are allowed or required to
obtain it.
These sections may be misinterpreted
to indicate that both the fan speed of the
unit under test and the airflow
measurement apparatus fan speed
should not be adjusted during testing.
As previously described, if both the test
unit fan speed and the measurement
apparatus fan speed are fixed,
differences in air density and/or loading
of condensate could cause differences in
measured air volume rate at different
test conditions, with no recourse for
correction. This interpretation could
then cause tests to be conducted at
different air volume rates across test
conditions, whereas the test procedure
at sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and
3.1.4.4.3 of appendix M1 requires the
tests to be conducted at the same air
volume rate across different conditions.
To minimize the potential for
misinterpretation, DOE is proposing to
20 When operating in cooling mode, water vapor
in the return air may condense and collect and flow
down the coil into the indoor unit’s drain pan. This
removal of water vapor is called dehumidification—
it occurs only in cooling mode and its magnitude
depends on the test conditions.
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explicitly require that the airflow
measurement apparatus fan be adjusted
if needed to maintain constant air
volume rate for all tests using the same
air volume rate. Similarly, the section
would explicitly state that the speed
and settings of the fan of the unit under
test are not to be adjusted.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to add more specific direction
to step 7 of sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2,
and 3.1.4.4.3.
5. Revision of Equations Representing
Full-Speed Variable-Speed Heat Pump
Operation at and Above 45 °F Ambient
Temperature
A compressor’s speed at full speed
may change as the outdoor temperature
changes. While the compressor speed at
full speed may differ at different
outdoor temperatures, accuracy of
predictions using the test results from
two temperature conditions to calculate
the performance for a third temperature
condition is maximized when the same
compressor speed is used for the tests at
the two different ambient temperature
conditions (see, e.g., 81 FR 58164, 58178
(August 24, 2016)).
For calculation of full-compressor
performance in the temperature ranges
less than 17 °F and greater than or equal
to 45 °F, the test procedure determines
performance based on the H32 and H12
tests, which are conducted at 17 °F and
47 °F, respectively (see appendix M1,
sections 4.2.4.c, which refers to
equations 4.2.2–3 and 4.2.2–4 in Section
4.2.2). As indicated in appendix M1 in
the Table 14 footnotes, the H12 test is
run with the compressor speed that
represents normal operation at 17 °F
conditions. However, for many variablespeed heat pumps, this is a higher
compressor speed than would be normal
for operation at 47 °F conditions.
The H1N test represents normal 47 °F
operation, as indicated in the Table 14
footnotes. For heat pumps with different
normal speeds for 17 °F and 47 °F
conditions, the full-compressor
performance equation is not
appropriately representative for
temperatures greater than or equal to
45 °F. For example, at 47 °F, the
equation would indicate that the
capacity is equal to the H12 capacity,
even though the H1N test is specifically
intended to represent capacity at 47 °F.
To rectify this issue, DOE proposes to
amend the portion of the equations
representing performance in conditions
warmer than 45 °F. Specifically, the
capacity equation for this temperature
range would be multiplied by the ratio
of the capacities of the H1N and H12
tests. Similarly, the power input
equation for this range would be
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multiplied by the ratio of the power
inputs measured in the H1N and H12
tests. This would change the calculated
capacity and power input for the range
of temperature above 45 °F to be
consistent with the compressor speed of
the H1N test (which is intended to
represent performance in this range),
rather than with the compressor speed
of the H32 test, which is conducted in
a 17 °F ambient temperature.
While DOE believes that the proposed
amendments would provide more
representative results, DOE does not
expect that such changes would
significantly affect heat pump HSPF2
measurements. This is because the fullcapacity performance would affect
HSPF2 only when the calculated
building load exceeds the calculated
intermediate capacity of a variablespeed heat pump, which DOE believes
to be a rare occurrence in the ambient
temperature range above 45 °F. In the
cases that would affect HSPF2, the
change would increase the measured
efficiency, since H1N COP is expected to
be higher than H12 COP due to its lower
compressor speed.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed change to the full-capacity
performance equations for variablespeed heat pumps in the ambient
temperature range above 45 °F, adjusting
the equations for capacity and power by
the ratio of capacity and power,
respectively, associated with H1N and
H12 operation.
6. Calculations for Triple-Capacity
Northern Heat Pumps
Section 4.2.6 of appendix M1
includes additional steps for calculating
HSPF2 of a heat pump having a triplecapacity compressor. Heat pumps with
triple-capacity compressors respond to
building heating load by operating at
low (k=1), high (k=2), or booster (k=3)
capacity or by cycling on and off at one
or more of those stages. Section 4.2.6.5
covers the scenario where the heat
pump alternates between high (k=2) and
booster (k=3) compressor capacity to
satisfy the building load. In this
scenario, the total electrical power
consumption is determined by
calculating the fraction of time the
system spends operating in the high and
booster stage, respectively, and then
weighting the steady-state power
consumption at each operating state
accordingly. Section 4.2.6.5 gives
equations for calculating the fraction of
load addressed by the high compressor
stage, denoted as ‘‘Xk=2(Tj)’’, as well as
the fraction of load addressed by the
booster compressor stage ‘‘Xk=3(Tj)’’.
These proportions should, by definition,
be complementary because the system is
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either operating in high compressor
stage or boost compressor stage.
However, the equation for the booster
capacity load factor ‘‘Xk=3(Tj)’’ is
erroneously set equal to the highcapacity load factor ‘‘Xk=2(Tj)’’ as
opposed to the complementary value ‘‘1
Xk=2(Tj).’’ Therefore, DOE is proposing
to correct the booster capacity load
factor equation to be defined as Xk=3(Tj)
= 1 ¥ Xk=2(Tj).
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
revise the calculation for booster
capacity load factor equation for triplecapacity northern heat pumps.
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7. Heating Nominal Air Volume Rate for
Variable-Speed Heat Pumps
Appendix M1 includes procedures for
calculating the heating capacity and
power input for variable-speed heat
pumps at various test conditions. The
H1N test is used to calculate the nominal
heating capacity of the system at 47 °F
ambient temperature, whereas the H12
test is used to calculate maximum
heating capacity at 47 °F and the H11
test is used to calculate minimum
heating capacity at 47 °F. Section 3.1.4.7
of appendix M1 requires that
manufacturers must specify a heating
nominal air volume rate for each
variable-speed heat pump system and
must provide instructions for setting the
fan speed or controls. The heating fullload air volume rate is defined in
section 3.1.4.4 of appendix M1, which
ties the heating full-load air volume rate
to the cooling full-load air volume rate
and denotes static pressure
requirements. However, in Table 14 to
appendix M1 (which specifies heating
mode test conditions for units having a
variable-speed compressor), the H1N test
(used for calculating nominal heating
capacity at 47 °F) is erroneously
specified as using the ‘‘Heating Fullload’’ air volume rate instead of the
heating nominal air volume rate.
Because the H1N test is intended to
represent nominal heating capacity,
DOE is proposing to amend Table 14 to
specify the ‘‘heating nominal air volume
rate’’ as defined in section 3.1.4.7 of
appendix M1 as opposed to the ‘‘heating
full-load air volume rate’’. As discussed
in section I.B.2 of this NOPR, DOE is
also proposing to amend the test
provisions for variable-speed
compressor systems with coil-only
indoor units. The proposal mentioned
in this section would only apply to
variable-speed systems equipped with
blower-coil indoor units, while variablespeed coil-only systems would be
required to test using the heating fullload air volume rate at the H1N test
condition.
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DOE requests comment on its
proposal to specify heating nominal air
volume rate as the air volume rate to be
used for the H1N heating test for
variable-speed heat pumps.
8. Clarifications for HSPF2 Calculation
Section 4.2 of appendix M1 contains
methodologies for calculating HSPF2 for
all heat pumps. DOE has identified an
instance where additional instruction
may be warranted to make clear the
calculation procedure across different
types of heat pump systems. DOE
proposes to clarify the appropriate slope
adjustment factor to be used in the
calculation for building heating load
(Equation 4.2–2).
As written, Equation 4.2–2 refers to
the heating load line slope adjustment
factor ‘‘C’’, which varies by climate
region according to Table 20. However,
Table 20 includes both the ‘‘C’’ factor as
well as a factor denoted ‘‘CVS’’—the
variable-speed slope factor, which
includes different coefficients that
impact calculation of HSPF2. CVS is not
explicitly referenced in the definitions
surrounding Equation 4.2–2, therefor
DOE is proposing to amend the language
of that paragraph to indicate that the
slope adjustment factor ‘‘C’’ should be
used when calculating building heating
load except for variable-speed
compressor systems, where the variablespeed slope adjustment factor ‘‘CVS’’
should be used instead.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
clarify the calculation process for
heating load line slope factor as it
pertains to variable-speed heat pumps.
9. Distinguishing Central Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps From
Commercial Equipment
EPCA defines ‘‘industrial equipment’’
as equipment of a type which, among
other requirements, is not a covered
product under section 6291(a)(2), i.e.,
not a covered consumer product. (42
U.S.C.6311(2)(A)) Small, large, and very
large commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment are
included as types of covered industrial
equipment. (42 U.S.C.6311(1)(B,C,D))
EPCA defines ‘‘central air
conditioner’’ as a product, other than a
packaged terminal air conditioner,
which is powered by single phase
electric current, is air-cooled, is rated
below 65,000 Btu per hour, is not
contained within the same cabinet as a
furnace the rated capacity of which is
above 225,000 Btu per hour, and is a
heat pump or a cooling only unit. DOE
understands that there are basic models
that exists on the market that meet the
central air conditioner definition but are
exclusively distributed in commerce for
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commercial and industrial applications.
In DOE’s view, there are certain types of
equipment that meet the definition of
CAC but that EPCA was not intended to
regulate as consumer products. To
clarify that any such model is not a
central air conditioner, DOE proposes to
revise the central air conditioner
definition so that it explicitly excludes
these equipment categories, similar to
the way the definition excludes
packaged terminal air conditioners and
packaged terminal heat pumps. The
exclusion for single-package vertical airconditioners and heat pumps would
refer specifically to those models that
could be confused with central air
conditioners, i.e., those that are singlephase with capacity less than 65,000
Btu/h, for which the test procedure
notice of proposed rulemaking for
single-package vertical air conditioners
and heat pumps has proposed new
definitions. 87 FR 2490, 2518 (January
14, 2022).
DOE emphasizes that the exclusion
from the central air conditioner
definition for a given model depends on
whether it meets the definition for one
of the excluded categories. For example,
a model must meet the packaged
terminal air conditioner definition to be
considered to be a packaged terminal air
conditioner. Suppose a model meets the
characteristics listed in the central air
conditioner definition, but otherwise
has similarities to packaged terminal air
conditioners. If such a model is not
‘‘intended for mounting through the
wall,’’ it would be missing a key
characteristic of the packaged terminal
air conditioner definition (see 10 CFR
431.92), and, unless it met the definition
for one of the other categories proposed
to be excluded, it is considered a central
air conditioner irrespective of whether it
gets installed in a consumer or
commercial building.
10. Additional Test Procedure Revisions
On May 8, 2019, AHRI submitted a
comment responding to the notice of
proposal to revise and adopt
procedures, interpretations, and policies
for consideration of new or revised
energy conservation standards (2020
Process Rule NOPR, 84 FR 3910, Feb.
13, 2019). The comment included as
Exhibit 2 a ‘‘List of Errors Found in
appendix M and appendix M1’’ (‘‘AHRI
Exhibit 2’’, EERE–2017–BT–STD–0062–
0117 at pp. 23–24). Many of the errors
pointed out by AHRI regard
typographical errors in appendix M and
appendix M1. DOE published a notice
of corrections to appendices M and M1
on December 2, 2021 (‘‘December 2021
Corrections Notice’’). 86 FR 68389. The
December 2021 Corrections Notice
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addressed some of the ‘‘Errors’’
identified in AHRI Exhibit 2, but not all
of them. DOE is proposing to address
additional ‘‘Errors’’ identified in AHRI
Exhibit 2 in this NOPR to improve
accuracy and representativeness of the
test procedures.
a. Revisions Specific to Appendix M
AHRI’s comment identified three
areas of appendix M where they
requested changes. These are detailed in
Table III–2. Additionally, DOE has
identified one transcription error in the
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December 2021 Corrections Notice
related to changes made in section 3.6.4
of appendix M. DOE is making
corresponding revisions in this NOPR to
correct that transcription error.
TABLE III–2—AHRI-IDENTIFIED ERRORS TO APPENDIX M
Section
Original appendix M language
AHRI comment summary
Proposed change
1.2 ......................
‘‘Nominal cooling capacity is approximate to the air conditioner cooling capacity tested at A or A2 condition.
Nominal heating capacity is approximate to the heat pump heating capacity tested in H12 test (or the optional H1N test)’’.
................................................................
The H1N test is required in section
3.6.4, and section 3.6.4 designates
the H1N test—not the H12 test.
Remove the ‘‘Optional H1N test’’ and replace the ‘‘H12’’ with ‘‘H1N’’.
The EERk=1(Tj) should be EERk=2(Tj)
because the coefficient ‘‘A’’ only utilizes the maximum speed temperature, T2.
2017 and later versions of appendix M
use Hk=2calc for all conditions, as explained in 3.6.4. This should not be
an exception for the rest of the calculations.
Revise the formula to implement this
change to EERk=2(Tj).
4.1.4.2 ................
4.2.c ...................
‘‘For a variable-speed heat pump,
Qhk(47) = Qhk=N(47), the space heating capacity determined from the H1N
test’’.
The following sections discuss
proposed changes to the language of
appendix M that DOE believes will
improve clarity regarding how tests and
calculations are to be conducted to
determine capacity levels and efficiency
metrics.
i. Definition of Nominal Cooling
Capacity
AHRI commented that the definition
of Nominal Cooling Capacity in Section
1.2 of appendix M incorrectly references
the H1N test as ‘‘optional.’’ AHRI
claimed that, on the contrary, the H1N
test is required for heat pumps. DOE
agrees with the AHRI comment, since
Section 3.6.4, ‘‘Tests for a Heat Pump
Having a Variable-Speed Compressor,’’
requires the H1N test. Therefore, DOE is
proposing to revise the definition of
‘‘Nominal Capacity’’ to remove the
references to the H12 test in its entirety.
Referring to the H1N test will avoid
confusion.
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ii. Revising Energy Efficiency Ratio
Equation at Intermediate Compressor
Speed
In section 4.1.4.2 of appendix M,
there are a series of equations used to
calculate EERk=i(Tj), the steady-state
energy efficiency ratio of the test unit
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when operating at an intermediate
compressor speed (k=i) for outdoor
temperature Tj. This value is calculated
using a quadratic equation: EERk=i(Tj) =
A + B*Tj + C*Tj2. These coefficients (A,
B and C) are calculated by their own
respective formulae.
AHRI commented that the formula for
the ‘‘A’’ coefficient has an error.
Specifically, EERk=1(T2) in the equation
should be EERk=2(T2) because the
coefficient ‘‘A’’ only utilizes maximumspeed temperature T2. As described
further in this section, DOE is proposing
to revise this calculation such that it
uses the intended ‘‘k=2’’. The use of
‘‘k=2’’ is supported both by its
appearance in ASHRAE 116–2010,
‘‘Methods for Testing for Rating
Seasonal Efficiency of Unitary Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps’’ (see
page 25) and also in the DOE test
procedure final rule that first
established test methods for variablespeed systems. 49 FR 8304, 8316 (March
14, 1987).
iii. Clarification of Compressor Speed
Limits in Heating Tests for Heat Pumps
Having a Variable-Speed Compressor
Accurately implement the change intended by the December 2021 Corrections Notice.
the compressor speed limitations for the
H1N heating mode test for both
appendix M and appendix M1. 86 FR
68389, 68390. However, when setting
out the correcting language in the
amendatory instruction for appendix M,
the instructions erroneously directed to
revise the fifth sentence of paragraph a
to section 3.6.4, when the instructions
were intended to revise the seventh
sentence of the same paragraph. As
currently printed, the text in paragraph
a of section 3.6.4 to appendix M
includes two sentences starting with
‘‘for a cooling/heating heat pump . . .’’
that give conflicting instructions.
Accordingly, DOE is proposing to revise
this paragraph to reflect the intent of the
December 2021 Corrections Notice and,
by extension, the January 2017 Final
Rule.
b. Revisions Specific to Appendix M1
AHRI’s comment identified one area
of appendix M1 where they requested
changes. This requested change is
detailed in Table III–2.
In the December 2021 Corrections
Notice, DOE discussed corrections to
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TABLE III–3—AHRI-IDENTIFIED ERRORS TO APPENDIX M1
Section
Original appendix M1 language
AHRI comment summary
Proposed change
4.2 ......................
Qh(47 °F): the heating capacity at 47 °F
determined from the H2 H12 or H1N
test, Btu/h..
For variable speed heat pumps, the language should be clarified to Hk=2 calc..
Revise the language to be clearer about
what capacity to use for different
types of heating-only heat pumps.
The following sections discuss
proposed changes to the language of
appendix M1 that DOE believes will
improve clarity regarding how tests and
calculations are to be conducted to
determine capacity levels and efficiency
metrics.
i. Detailed Descriptions of Capacity for
Different Subcategories
AHRI commented that in Section 4.2
of appendix M1, which describes the
calculation for HSPF2 for different
subcategories of heat pumps, there is a
lack of clarity in the term for heating
capacity measured at 47 °F, ‘‘Qh(47 °F),’’
in Equation 2–2, the building load,
‘‘BL(Tj),’’ equation. Currently, the
description of Qh(47 °F) says that it is
‘‘determined from the H, H12 or H1N
test.’’ Additionally, the first ‘‘H’’ is
missing an additional character to
specify the appropriate test point. DOE
agrees with AHRI’s assessment of this
description, and DOE is proposing to
revise this description to include
specific instructions for which test point
is appropriate for different heat pump
subcategories. DOE is proposing to
specify that the H1 test is for a heat
pump with a single-speed compressor,
the H12 test is for a heat pump with a
two-speed compressor, and the H1N test
is for a heat pump with a variable-speed
compressor.
However, AHRI commented regarding
a ‘‘Hk=2calc’’ term. DOE notes that this
term does not exist in this section of
appendix M1. While DOE is revising
this section to add clarity in light of
AHRI’s general comment, DOE will not
be proposing to make the exact edit
AHRI proposes.
c. Revisions to Both Appendix M and
Appendix M1
AHRI’s comment claimed that there
are two sections in both appendix M
and appendix M1 that contain similar
errors. These errors are detailed below
in Table III–4.
' B0 th A,ppen d'1x M an dA,nnen d'1x Ml
Table III-4 : AHRI-Idenff'
11e d E rrors m
Section
Original Appendix M and
Appendix M 1 Language
AHRI Comment
Summary
Proposed Change
4.2.3.3
PLFj = 1 - Coh(k= 2 ) * [1
- xk=l(Tj)
The trailing square
bracket"]" is
missing and
"xk= 1(Tj)" should
be "xk=2 (Tj)"
Add the square
bracket and revise
the equation in
appendix M. 1
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N
1
The following sections discuss
proposed changes to the language of
both appendix M and appendix M1 that
DOE believes will improve clarity
regarding how tests and calculations are
to be conducted to determine capacity
levels and efficiency metrics.
i. Revising Part Load Factor Equation for
Heat Pumps in Section 4.2.3.3
AHRI’s comment claims that the part
load factor (PLF) equation in section
4.2.3.3 of both appendix M and
appendix M1 contain two errors. The
first error is that the equation is missing
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N
a closing square bracket, and the second
is that the heating mode low-capacity
load factor, ‘‘Xk=1(Tj),’’ is incorrectly
referenced instead of the high-capacity
load factor, ‘‘Xk=2(Tj).’’ DOE notes that
this equation is actually correct in
appendix M1. The high-capacity load
factor is appropriate in this equation
because section 4.2.3.3 applies to heat
pumps that only operate at high (k=2)
compressor capacity. Therefore, the
high-capacity load factor should be used
in this case for the part load factor. DOE
is proposing to revise this formula in
appendix M to include the closing
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Revise the equation
to have the
subtraction
square bracket and to use the highcapacity load factor.
ii. Revising the Ratio of Electrical
Energy Used for Resistive Space Heating
Equation in Section 4.2.3.4
AHRI has identified an error in the
equation for electrical energy consumed
by the heat pump for electric resistance
auxiliary heating for bin temperature, Tj
divided by the total number of hours in
the heating season, ‘‘RH(Tj)/N,’’ used in
section 4.2.3.4 of both appendix M and
appendix M1. AHRI indicated that the
equation used in section 4.2.3.4
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RH(Tj)
( ) [Q~= 2 (½) * 8'(½)] nj
--=(BLT-*
*-
The multiplication
operator between
BL(Tj) and the
square bracket
should be
subtraction
1The equation is correct in section 4.2.3.3 of appendix Ml.
4.2.3.4
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includes a multiplication operator
where it should have subtraction. The
subtraction operator is consistent with
all other instances of RH(Tj)/N in both
appendix M and appendix M1. DOE
agrees that the equation for RH(Tj)/N in
section 4.2.3.4 of both appendix M and
appendix M1 is incorrect, and therefore
DOE is proposing to revise this equation
to include the subtraction operator
rather than a multiplication operator.
DOE requests comments on the
proposals to implement the correcting
revisions described in this section.
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D. Other Representation Proposed
Revisions
Manufacturers, including importers,
must use product-specific certification
templates to certify compliance to DOE.
For CAC/HPs, the certification template
reflects the general certification
requirements specified at 10 CFR 429.12
and the product-specific requirements
specified at 10 CFR 429.16. As
discussed in the previous paragraphs,
DOE is not making any proposals
related to certification requirements in
this rulemaking and any such changes
may be addressed in a future
rulemaking.
1. Required Represented Values for
Models Certified Compliant With
Regional Standards
DOE’s standards for CAC at 10 CFR
430.32(c) include both amended
national standards with which
compliance is required for models
manufactured on or after January 1,
2023, and amended regional standards
with which compliance is required for
units installed on or after January 1,
2023. See 10 CFR 430.32(c)(5)–(6). In
addition, as discussed in section III.B.3,
DOE’s regulations at 10 CFR 429.16
describe certification requirements for
central air conditioners and central air
conditioning heat pumps, and
paragraph (a)(1) of this section requires
single-split CACs with single-stage or
two-stage compressors, at a minimum,
to rate each outdoor model as part of a
coil-only combination representative of
the least efficient combination
distributed in commerce with that
particular outdoor unit.
On December 16, 2021, DOE issued
final guidance regarding whether a
model of outdoor unit for a single-splitsystem AC with single-stage or twostage compressor whose coil-only rating
under M1 does not meet regional
standards, but where certain blower-coil
combinations that include the outdoor
model do meet regional standards, can
be installed in the SE or SW region.
DOE’s guidance states that ‘‘In order to
be installed in the SE or SW region, the
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outdoor unit must have at least one coilonly combination that is compliant with
the regional standard applicable at the
time of installation.’’
As background, DOE notes that it
finalized provisions related to this issue
in a June 2016 Test Procedure Final
Rule (81 FR 36992, June 8, 2016) with
minor revisions in a January 2017 Test
Procedure Final Rule (82 FR 1426,
January 5, 2017); a July 2016
Enforcement Final Rule (81 FR 45387,
July 14, 2016); and a January 2017
Energy Conservation Standards Direct
Final Rule (82 FR 1786, January 6,
2017). These provisions were based on
consensus recommendations by two
ASRAC Working Groups—a Regional
Standards Enforcement Working Group
(‘‘Enforcement WG’’) that concluded on
October 24, 2014 (See final report:
Docket No. EERE–2011–BT–CE–0077,
No. 70), and a Central Air Conditioner
and Heat Pump Energy Conservation
Standards Working Group (‘‘ECS WG’’)
that concluded on January 19, 2016 (See
term sheet: Docket No. EERE–2014–BT–
STD–0048, No. 76).
The July 2016 Enforcement Final Rule
adopted several provisions of relevance
here, with a focus on enforcement of the
existing energy conservation standards:
• 10 CFR 429.102(c)(4) contains
provisions regarding what a ‘‘product
installed in violation’’ includes,
specifying, among other things: ‘‘(i) A
complete central air conditioning
system that is not certified as a complete
system that meets the applicable
standard. Combinations that were
previously validly certified may be
installed after the manufacturer has
discontinued the combination, provided
the combination meets the currently
applicable standard. . . . [and] (iii) An
outdoor unit that is part of a certified
combination rated less than the
standard applicable in the region in
which it is installed.’’ 81 FR 45387,
45393–45394.
• 10 CFR 429.158(a) specifies that if
DOE determines a model of outdoor unit
fails to meet the applicable regional
standard(s) when tested in a
combination certified by the same
manufacturer, then the outdoor unit
basic model will be deemed
noncompliant with the regional
standard(s). 81 FR 45387, 45397.
• 10 CFR 430.32(c)(3)–(4) provides
that any outdoor unit model that has a
certified combination with a rating
below 14 SEER cannot be installed in
either the southern or southwest region.
81 FR 45387, 45391.
The June 2016 TP Final Rule adopted
several certification provisions of
relevance here, with a focus on the
amended energy conservation standards
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recommended by the ECS WG. In
particular, the June 2016 TP Final Rule
noted that the ECS WG recommended
energy conservation standards for
central air conditioners based on coilonly ratings. 81 FR 36992, 37002. (June
8, 2016). The recommended standard
levels for split system air conditioners
may very well have been higher if they
had been based on blower-coil ratings.
For example, the recommended
standard levels for split system heat
pumps, which are based on blower-coil
ratings, are approximately one point
higher than those for split system air
conditioners.
In addition, the ECS WG
recommended that DOE implement the
requirement that every single-split air
conditioner combination distributed in
commerce must be rated, and that every
single-stage and two-stage condensing
(outdoor) unit distributed in commerce
(other than a condensing unit for a 1-to1 mini split) must have at least 1 coilonly rating that is representative of the
least efficient coil distributed in
commerce with a particular condensing
unit. Every condensing unit distributed
in commerce must have at least 1 tested
combination, and for single-stage and
two-stage condensing units (other than
condensing units for a 1-to-1 mini split)
this must be a coil-only combination.
(Docket No. EERE–2014–BT–STD–0048,
No. 76, Recommendation #7) In the June
2016 Final Rule, DOE adopted these
recommendations along with regional
limitations for represented values of
individual combinations:
• 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) contains
provisions for required represented
values, stating that for single-split
system AC with single-stage or twostage compressor, every individual
combination distributed in commerce
must be rated as a coil-only
combination. For each model of outdoor
unit, this must include at least one coilonly value that is representative of the
least efficient combination distributed
in commerce with that particular model
of outdoor unit. Additional blower-coil
representations are allowed for any
applicable individual combinations, if
distributed in commerce. 81 FR 36992,
37002.
• 10 CFR 429.16(b)(2)(i) specifies that
for each basic model of single-split
system AC with single-stage or twostage compressor, the model of outdoor
unit must be tested with a model of coilonly indoor unit. 81 FR 36992, 37002.
• 10 CFR 429.16(a)(4)(i) [as modified
in the January 2017 TP Final Rule]
states that a basic model may only be
certified as compliant with a regional
standard if all individual combinations
within that basic model meet the
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regional standard for which it is
certified, and that a model of outdoor
unit that is certified below a regional
standard can only be rated and certified
as compliant with a regional standard if
the model of outdoor unit has a unique
model number and has been certified as
a different basic model for distribution
in each region. 81 FR 36992, 37012 [as
10 CFR 429.16(a)(3)(i)]; 82 FR 1426.
DOE notes that the July 2016
Enforcement Final Rule stated that the
adopted provisions in 10 CFR
430.32(c)(3)–(4) were meant to be
complementary to the regional
limitations adopted in the June 2016 TP
Final Rule at 10 CFR 429.16(a)(3)(i)
[now 10 CFR 429.16(a)(4)(i)]. 81 FR
45387, 45391. In the January 2017 CAC
DFR, DOE adopted additional language
in 10 CFR 430.32 relevant to the
amended standards:
• 10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(ii) provides
that any outdoor unit model that has a
certified combination with a rating
below the applicable standard level(s)
for a region cannot be installed in that
region. The least-efficient combination
of each basic model must comply with
this standard. 82 FR 1786, 1857.
Finally, DOE notes that the general
enforcement provisions in Subpart C to
part 429 also apply to CAC standards
(both national and regional), including:
• 10 CFR 429.102(a)(1), specifying
that the failure of a manufacturer to
properly certify covered products in
accordance with 10 CFR 429.12 and
429.14 through 429.62 is a prohibited
act subject to enforcement action.
Taken together, the regional
standards, certification, and
enforcement provisions require that, in
order to comply with a regional
standard, the least efficient combination
of each basic model must comply. 10
CFR 430.32(c)(6)(ii). Further, each basic
model of single-split system AC with
single-stage or two-stage compressor
must include a represented value for a
coil-only combination representative of
the least efficient combination
distributed in commerce with the model
of outdoor unit, and each model of
outdoor unit must be tested with a
model of coil-only indoor unit. (10 CFR
429.16(a)(1) and 429.16(b)(2)(i)). While
manufacturers can create a regionalspecific basic model under 10 CFR
429.16(a)(4)(i), such a basic model must
still be certified properly according to
the other provisions in that section. As
such, in order to comply with a regional
standard, a regional-specific basic
model of single-split system AC with
single-stage or two-stage compressor
must include at least one coil-only
combination that complies with the
regional standard. Failure to certify a
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regional-specific basic model according
to the provisions in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1)
and 429.16(b)(2)(i) is a prohibited act
under 10 CFR 429.102(a)(1).
Similarly, while 10 CFR
429.102(c)(4)(i) states that combinations
that were previously validly certified
may be installed after the manufacturer
has discontinued the combination,
provided the combination meets the
currently applicable standard. The
provision at 10 CFR 429.102(c)(4)(i) was
designed to allow sell-through of
inventory that manufacturers had
discontinued for reasons other than
non-compliance with a regional
standard. 81 FR 45387, 45393. It was not
intended, nor in the light of all other
provisions can it be read, as allowing
installation of models of outdoor unit
that do not comply with the applicable
regional standard at the time of
installation (i.e., have no combinations
of coil-only units that comply with the
amended regional standards, which, as
stated previously, were developed based
on coil-only ratings).
Based on this background, the CAC
regional guidance states in part:
In general, a basic model may be
certified as compliant with a regional
standard (and, as of January 1, 2023,
meets the applicable amended regional
standard) only if all individual
combinations within that basic model
meet the regional standard for which it
is certified. All individual model
combinations within a basic model must
include, for single-split-system AC with
single-stage or two-stage compressor
(including space-constrained and SDHV
systems), a coil-only combination
representative of the least-efficient
combination in which the specific
outdoor unit is distributed in commerce.
See 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1); 429.16(a)(4)(i);
430.32(c)(6).
A manufacturer may sell an outdoor
unit of identical design in the SE and
SW regions, if the manufacturer
separates the basic model (i.e. outdoor
unit model) into different basic models
with unique model numbers for
distribution in each region, provided
that the basic models for the SE and SW
regions: (1) Do not include any
individual combinations that are not
compliant with the regional standard
applicable at the time of installation;
and (2) include at least one coil-only
combination that is representative of the
least-efficient combination in which the
specific outdoor unit is distributed in
commerce. Id.
DOE notes that the install-through
provisions in 10 CFR 429.102(c)(4)(i)
allows existing stock of discontinued
basic model combinations to be
installed in the SE or SW regions as long
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as they were previously validly certified
as compliant to the regional standards
applicable at the time of installation.
DOE further notes that the term
‘‘previously validly certified’’ means
that all combinations within the basic
model must show compliance with the
regional standard applicable at the time
of installation, including, for singlesplit-system AC with single-stage or
two-stage compressor (including spaceconstrained and SDHV systems), a coilonly combination representative of the
least-efficient combination in which the
specific outdoor unit is distributed in
commerce, in order for the installthrough provisions to apply.
DOE proposes to add additional
direction to the regulatory text in 10
CFR 429.16(a)(1) and (a)(4)(i), 10 CFR
429.102(c)(4)(i) and (iii), and 10 CFR
430.32(c)(6)(ii) to more explicitly crossreference the existing regulatory text to
clarify the interplay of the existing
requirements and reinforce the
guidance.
In addition, DOE notes that the table
in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) states that the
required coil-only value must be
‘‘representative of the least efficient
combination distributed in commerce
with that particular model of outdoor
unit’’ (emphasis added). Sections
429.140 through 429.158 provide
enforcement procedures specific to
regional standards, 10 CFR 429.142
includes records retention of
information regarding sales of outdoor
units, indoor units, and single-package
units, and 10 CFR 429.144 specifies
requirements for records requests. When
determining if a model of indoor unit is
distributed in commerce with a
particular model of outdoor unit, DOE
may review catalogs, product literature,
installation instructions, and
advertisements, and may also request
sales records.
Finally, 10 CFR 429.158 discusses
products determined noncompliant
with regional standards. Paragraphs (a)
and (b) cross-reference 10 CFR
429.102(c), stating that the certifying
manufacturer is liable for distribution of
noncompliant units in commerce. DOE
notes that 10 CFR 429.102(c) refers to
distributors, contractors, and dealers,
while 10 CFR 429.102(a)(10) states that
it is prohibited ‘‘for any manufacturer or
private labeler to knowingly sell a
product to a distributor, contractor, or
dealer with knowledge that the entity
routinely violates any regional standard
applicable to the product.’’ Therefore,
DOE proposes that 10 CFR 429.158(a)–
(b) cross-reference 10 CFR
429.102(a)(10) rather than 10 CFR
429.102(c).
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DOE requests comment on its
proposals to the regulatory text in 10
CFR part 429, and in particular, whether
they clarify the requirements and align
with DOE’s issued guidance or whether
additional clarification is needed.
E. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
As discussed, DOE’s existing test
procedures for CAC/HPs appear at
appendix M and appendix M1 (both
titled ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps’’). In this NOPR, DOE proposes
to amend the existing test procedure for
CACs and HPs to provide additional
detail and instruction to ensure the
representativeness of the test procedure
and to reduce potential burden. As
discussed, DOE is proposing limited
amendments to appendix M1, which is
the required test procedure beginning
January 1, 2023.
DOE has tentatively determined that
the proposed amendments in this NOPR
would improve the representativeness,
accuracy, and reproducibility of the test
results, and they would not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct or result in increased testing
cost as compared to the current test
procedure.
The proposed amendment to the wet
bulb temperature maximum for the 5 °F
ambient temperature condition,
discussed in section III.C.2, would
amend the condition from 3 °F to 4 °F.
This change is proposed based, in part,
on feedback from manufacturers that the
proposed change to 4 °F would be easier
to achieve than 3 °F. As such, DOE does
not anticipate that this provision would
increase the burden of conducting
testing under appendix M1.
With regards to the additional test
procedure proposals introduced in
sections III.B and III.C of this NOPR,
DOE does not believe that these will
cause manufacturers to incur any
additional test procedure costs. The
proposals to (a) define revised fan
wattages for low-stage testing of twostage coil-only units, and (b) revise the
equations for full-capacity operation of
variable-speed heat pumps at and above
45 °F affect calculations rather than
testing. The proposals for variable-speed
coil-only air conditioners and heat
pumps provide instructions for testing
such models that are currently the
subject of test procedure waivers. The
proposals to (a) revise text regarding
variation of fan speed with ambient
temperature, (b) explicitly indicate that
the airflow measurement apparatus fan
should be adjusted to maintain constant
airflow for certain models, and (c)
clarify that the instructions on a label
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affixed to the unit take precedence over
the instructions shipped with the unit
provide additional instruction to
improve consistency of testing but
would not increase either the number of
tests or the duration of tests. Finally, the
proposed changes in 10 CFR part 429
neither modify the test procedure nor
increase the number of units that would
be required to be tested. Thus, DOE does
not anticipate these additional
procedures would cause any increased
test procedure costs.
F. Compliance Date and Waivers
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends
a test procedure, all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made on marketing
materials and product labels, must be
made in accordance with that amended
test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended
test procedure EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers
to petition DOE for an extension of the
180-day period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.)
Upon the compliance date of test
procedure provisions of an amended
test procedure, should DOE issue a such
an amendment, any waivers that had
been previously issued and are in effect
that pertain to issues addressed by such
provisions are terminated. 10 CFR
430.27(h)(3). Recipients of any such
waivers would be required to test the
products subject to the waiver according
to the amended test procedure as of the
compliance date of the amended test
procedure. The amendments proposed
in this document pertain to issues
addressed by waivers granted to GD
Midea Heating and Ventilating
Equipment Co., (83 FR 56065, Case No.
2017–013), and TCL AC (84 FR 11941,
Case No. 2018–009); and interim
waivers granted to Aerosys (83 FR
24762, Case No. 2017–008), LG
Electronics (85 FR 40272, Case No.
2019–008), and Goodman (86 FR 40534,
Case No. 2021–001). To the extent such
waivers and interim waivers permit the
petitioner to test according to an
alternate test procedure to appendix M,
such waivers and interim waivers will
terminate on the date testing is required
according to appendix M1 (i.e., January
1, 2023), independent of this
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rulemaking. To the extent that such
waivers and interim waivers permit the
petitioner to test according to an
alternate test procedure to appendix M1
at such time as testing is required
according to appendix M1, such waivers
and interim waivers would terminate on
January 1, 2023, if the amendments in
this NOPR are adopted as proposed.
DOE notes that the waiver issued to
Johnson Controls (83 FR 12735, Case
No. CAC–051; 84 FR 52489, Case No.
CAC–050) and interim waiver granted to
National Comfort Products (83 FR
24754, Case No. 2017–008) will
terminate on January 1, 2023, the date
beginning which testing according to
appendix M1 is required, independent
of this NOPR.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(‘‘OMB’’) has determined that this test
procedure rulemaking does not
constitute a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under section 3(f) of Executive
Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct.
4, 1993). Accordingly, this action was
not subject to review under the
Executive order by the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis (‘‘IRFA’’) for any rule that by
law must be proposed for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: energy.gov/gc/officegeneral-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule
under the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19,
2003. DOE certifies that the proposed
rule, if adopted, would not have
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
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The factual basis of this certification is
set forth in the following paragraphs.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets
forth the criteria and procedures DOE
must follow when prescribing or
amending test procedures for covered
products. EPCA requires that any test
procedures prescribed or amended
under this section must be reasonably
designed to produce test results which
measure energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
DOE is proposing a limited number of
amendments to the test procedure for
central air conditioners and heat pumps
(‘‘CAC/HPs’’) to address specific issues
that have been raised in test procedure
waivers regarding appendix M1 to
subpart B of 10 CFR part 430.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes the
following updates to the test procedure
for CACs/HPs:
1. Update default fan power for coilonly CACs and HPs that can utilize
different fan speeds and the 75%
intermediate airflow.
2. Define ‘‘Communicating Variablespeed Coil-only Central Air Conditioner
or Heat Pump’’ and prescribing an
appropriate test procedure.
3. Add the control system capability
to adjust air volume rate as a function
of outdoor air temperature for blower
coil systems with multiple-speed or
variable-speed indoor fans.
4. Amend the wet bulb test condition
for the 5 °F dry, outdoor ambient test to
have a 4 °F maximum.
5. Add direction to prioritize the
instructions presented in the label
attached to the unit over the
instructions included in the installation
instructions shipped with the unit.
6. Add specific instruction to adjust
the exhaust fan speed to achieve a
constant cooling full-load air volume
rate through the airflow measurement
apparatus.
7. Revise the equations representing
full-capacity performance of variablespeed heat pumps for the temperature
range above 45 °F to be more consistent
with field operation.
8. Providing additional direction
regarding the regional standard
requirements in 10 CFR part 429.
For manufacturers of CACs/HPs, the
Small Business Administration (‘‘SBA’’)
has set a size threshold, which defines
those entities classified as ‘‘small
businesses’’ for the purposes of the
statute. DOE used the SBA’s small
business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be
subject to the requirements of the rule.
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See 13 CFR part 121. The equipment
covered by this rule is classified under
North American Industry Classification
System (‘‘NAICS’’) code 333415,21 ‘‘AirConditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and
Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing.’’ In 13 CFR 121.201, the
SBA sets a threshold of 1,250 employees
or fewer for an entity to be considered
as a small business for this category.
DOE identified manufacturers using
DOE’s Compliance Certification
Database (‘‘CCD’’),22 the AHRI
database,23 the California Energy
Commission’s Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System
(‘‘MAEDbS’’),24 the ENERGY STAR
Product Finder database,25 and the prior
CAC/HP rulemakings. DOE used the
publicly available information and
subscription-based market research
tools (e.g., reports from Dun &
Bradstreet 26) to identify 33 original
equipment manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’) of
the covered equipment. Of the 33 OEMs,
DOE identified eight domestic
manufacturers of CACs/HPs that meet
the SBA definition of a ‘‘small
business.’’
This NOPR proposes amendments to
the test procedure for CAC/HP for
which compliance is not required until
January 1, 2023. As discussed in more
detail in section III.E of this document,
DOE has initially determined that the
proposed amendments to the test
procedure would not require retesting or
re-rating, with the potential exception of
variable-speed coil-only units. While
DOE believes the variable-speed coilonly units will be isolated to a very
small fraction of models distributed in
commerce (i.e., less than 1 percent
based on manufacturer representations
in DOE’s current Compliance
Management Database), a manufacturer
will have need to ensure their
representations are made in accordance
with these amendments if finalized.
DOE notes that none of the variablespeed coil-only basic models certified
currently with DOE are manufactured
21 The size standards are listed by NAICS code
and industry description and are available at:
www.sba.gov/document/support—table-sizestandards (Last accessed on October 1, 2021).
22 DOE’s Compliance Certification Database is
available at: www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms (last
accessed October 11, 2021).
23 The AHRI Database is available at:
www.ahridirectory.org/ (last accessed October 1,
2021).
24 California Energy Commission’s MAEDbS is
available at cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/
ApplianceSearch.aspx (last accessed October 1,
2021).
25 The ENERGY STAR Product Finder database is
available at energystar.gov/productfinder/ (last
accessed September 22, 2021).
26 app.dnbhoovers.com.
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by small manufacturers. Additionally,
the test procedure amendments would
not result in any change in burden
associated the DOE test procedure for
CACs/HP. Therefore, DOE initially
concludes that the test procedure
amendments proposed in this NOPR
would not have a ‘‘significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small
entities,’’ and that the preparation of an
IRFA is not warranted. DOE will
transmit the certification and supporting
statement of factual basis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small
Business Administration for review
under 5 U.S.C. 605(b). DOE welcomes
comment on the Regulatory Flexibility
certification conclusion.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of CAC/HP must
certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including CACs/HPs. (See generally 10
CFR part 429.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this NOPR, DOE proposes test
procedure amendments that it expects
will be used to develop and implement
future energy conservation standards for
CAC/HP. DOE has determined that this
proposed rule falls into a class of
actions that are categorically excluded
from review under the National
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Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE’s
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part
1021. Specifically, DOE has determined
that adopting test procedures for
measuring energy efficiency of
consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities
identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6.
Accordingly, neither an environmental
assessment nor an environmental
impact statement is required.
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E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999) imposes
certain requirements on agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE has examined this proposed
rule and has determined that it would
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE
for exemption from such preemption to
the extent, and based on criteria, set
forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No
further action is required by Executive
Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity, (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation, (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard, and (4) promote simplification
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and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation, (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction, (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately
defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met, or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the proposed
rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
proposed regulatory action likely to
result in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector of $100 million or more
in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires
a Federal agency to publish a written
statement that estimates the resulting
costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b))
The UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process
to permit timely input by elected
officers of State, local, and Tribal
governments on a proposed ‘‘significant
intergovernmental mandate,’’ and
requires an agency plan for giving notice
and opportunity for timely input to
potentially affected small governments
before establishing any requirements
that might significantly or uniquely
affect small governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of
policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under
UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available at
https://energy.gov/gc/office-generalcounsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its
statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an
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16851
intergovernmental mandate, nor a
mandate that may result in the
expenditure of $100 million or more in
any year, so these requirements do not
apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of
the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family
Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this proposed
regulation would not result in any
takings that might require compensation
under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant to OMB
Memorandum M–19–15, Improving
Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE
published updated guidelines which are
available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/
files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%
20Updated%20IQA%
20Guidelines%20Dec%.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the
OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with
applicable policies in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A
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‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1)
is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor
order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is
designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. For
any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use
should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the
action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to
amend the test procedure for measuring
the energy efficiency of CAC/HPs is not
a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as
a significant energy action by the
Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is
not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed modifications to the
test procedure for CACs/HPs would
maintain the incorporation of testing
methods contained in certain sections of
the following commercial standards:
ANSI/AHRI 210/240–2008 with
Addenda 1 and 2, (‘‘AHRI 210/240–
2008’’): 2008 Standard for Performance
Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning &
Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment,
ANSI approved October 27, 2011; ANSI/
AHRI 1230–2010 with Addendum 2,
(‘‘AHRI 1230–2010’’): 2010 Standard for
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Performance Rating of Variable
Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-Split AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved August 2,
2010; ANSI/ASHRAE 23.1–2010,
(‘‘ASHRAE 23.1–2010’’): Methods of
Testing for Rating the Performance of
Positive Displacement Refrigerant
Compressors and Condensing Units that
Operate at Subcritical Temperatures of
the Refrigerant, ANSI approved January
28, 2010; ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–
2009, (‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009’’),
Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved June 25,
2009; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1–2013,
(‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1–2013’’): Standard
Method for Temperature Measurement,
ANSI approved January 30, 2013; ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.6–2014, (‘‘ASHRAE 41.6–
2014’’): Standard Method for Humidity
Measurement, ANSI approved July 3,
2014; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.9–2011,
(‘‘ASHRAE 41.9–2011’’): Standard
Methods for Volatile-Refrigerant Mass
Flow Measurements Using Calorimeters,
ANSI approved February 3, 2011; ANSI/
ASHRAE 116–2010, (‘‘ASHRAE 116–
2010’’): Methods of Testing for Rating
Seasonal Efficiency of Unitary Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps, ANSI
approved February 24, 2010; ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.2–1987 (Reaffirmed 1992),
(‘‘ASHRAE 41.2–1987 (RA 1992)’’):
‘‘Standard Methods for Laboratory
Airflow Measurement’’, ANSI approved
April 20, 1992; and ANSI/AMCA 210–
2007, ANSI/ASHRAE 51–2007, (‘‘AMCA
210–2007’’) Laboratory Methods of
Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic
Performance Rating, ANSI approved
August 17, 2007.
DOE has evaluated these standards
and is unable to conclude whether they
fully comply with the requirements of
section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether
it was developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE will
consult with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials
Incorporated by Reference
The following standard was
previously approved for incorporation
by reference in appendix M1 where it
appears and no change is proposed:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009,
Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved June 25,
2009;
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V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule.27 Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this
document.
Submitting comments via
www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will
require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact
information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your
contact information will not be publicly
viewable except for your first and last
names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any).
If your comment is not processed
properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Persons viewing comments will see only
first and last names, organization
names, correspondence containing
comments, and any documents
submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
27 DOE has historically provided a 75-day
comment period for test procedure NOPRs pursuant
to the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S.Canada-Mexico (‘‘NAFTA’’), Dec. 17, 1992, 32
I.L.M. 289 (1993); the North American Free Trade
Agreement Implementation Act, Public Law 103–
182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993) (codified as amended at
10 U.S.C.A. 2576) (1993) (‘‘NAFTA Implementation
Act’’); and Executive Order 12889, ‘‘Implementation
of the North American Free Trade Agreement,’’ 58
FR 69681 (Dec. 30, 1993). However, on July 1, 2020,
the Agreement between the United States of
America, the United Mexican States, and the United
Canadian States (‘‘USMCA’’), Nov. 30, 2018, 134
Stat. 11 (i.e., the successor to NAFTA), went into
effect, and Congress’s action in replacing NAFTA
through the USMCA Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C.
4501 et seq. (2020), implies the repeal of E.O. 12889
and its 75-day comment period requirement for
technical regulations. Thus, the controlling laws are
EPCA and the USMCA Implementation Act.
Consistent with EPCA’s public comment period
requirements for consumer products, the USMCA
only requires a minimum comment period of 60
days. Consequently, DOE now provides a 60-day
public comment period for test procedure NOPRs.
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secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information
(‘‘CBI’’)). Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed
as CBI. Comments received through the
website will waive any CBI claims for
the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section.
DOE processes submissions made
through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be
posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of
comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not
be viewable for up to several weeks.
Please keep the comment tracking
number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully
uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email.
Comments and documents submitted
via email also will be posted to
www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as
long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. No faxes
will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file
format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English and free of
any defects or viruses. Documents
should not contain special characters or
any form of encryption and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person
submitting information that he or she
believes to be confidential and exempt
by law from public disclosure should
submit via email two well-marked
copies: One copy of the document
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marked confidential including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
non-confidential with the information
believed to be confidential deleted. DOE
will make its own determination about
the confidential status of the
information and treat it according to its
determination.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views of interested
parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to specify a reduced default
fan power coefficient and default fan
heat coefficient at part-load airflows in
the calculations of SEER2 and HSPF2
for ducted two-stage coil-only systems.
DOE requests comment on the specific
default fan power coefficients and
default fan heat coefficients proposed. If
the proposed values are not appropriate,
DOE seeks data to support selection of
alternative values. Additionally, DOE
requests comment on whether a single
default fan power coefficient (and
default fan heat coefficient) should be
used for each product class group
regardless of the actual air volume rate
used for low-stage tests, or whether one
of the alternative approaches discussed
in the NOPR should be considered, or
any other alternative. If an alternative
approach should be used, DOE requests
details indicating how such an
alternative should be implemented, and
justification for its use rather than the
proposed approach. See section III.B.1.
(2) DOE requests comment on its
proposals related to test procedures for
variable-speed coil-only CAC/HPs and
on its proposed definitions for variablespeed communicating and noncommunicating coil-only CAC/HPs. See
section III.B.2.
(3) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to clarify the language for
required represented values of coil-only
CACs found in the table at 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1). See section III.B.3.
(4) DOE requests comment on its
planned approach to require the coilonly rating requirement for spaceconstrained air conditioners and heat
pumps. DOE requests shipment and/or
installation data for space-constrained
systems to clarify the characteristics of
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16853
representative installations. See section
III.B.3.
(5) DOE requests comments on its
proposal to add language clarifying how
to implement variation of blower speed
for different ambient temperature test
conditions. See section III.C.1.
(6) DOE seeks comment on its
proposal to amend the wet bulb
temperature condition for the H4
heating tests from the existing 3 °F
maximum temperature to a maximum
temperature of 4 °F. See section III.C.2.
(7) DOE requests comment on the
proposed alignment of the VRF and
non-VRF test procedures when it comes
to instruction precedence. See section
III.C.3.
(8) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to add more specific direction
to step 7 of sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2,
and 3.1.4.4.3. See section III.C.4.
(9) DOE requests comment on the
proposed change to the full-capacity
performance equations for variablespeed heat pumps in the ambient
temperature range above 45 °F, adjusting
the equations for capacity and power by
the ratio of capacity and power,
respectively, associated with H1N and
H12 operation. See section III.C.5.
(10) DOE requests comment on its
proposals to the regulatory text in 10
CFR part 429. See section III.D.1.
C. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are
listed in the DATES section at the
beginning of this document. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled.
Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE’s website: https://
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/
standards.aspx?productid=
48&action=viewlive. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems
are compatible with the webinar
software. Procedure for Submitting
Prepared General Statements for
Distribution. Any person who has an
interest in the topics addressed in this
notice, or who is representative of a
group or class of persons that has an
interest in these issues, may request an
opportunity to make an oral
presentation at the webinar. Such
persons may submit to
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a
computer file in WordPerfect, Microsoft
Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format
that briefly describes the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and the
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
topics they wish to discuss. Such
persons should also provide a daytime
telephone number where they can be
reached.
Persons requesting to speak should
briefly describe the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and provide
a telephone number for contact. DOE
requests persons selected to make an
oral presentation to submit an advance
copy of their statements at least two
weeks before the webinar. At its
discretion, DOE may permit persons
who cannot supply an advance copy of
their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative
arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary,
requests to give an oral presentation
should ask for such alternative
arrangements.
D. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to
preside at the webinar/public meeting
and may also use a professional
facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or
evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with
section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6306). A
court reporter will be present to record
the proceedings and prepare a
transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and
to establish the procedures governing
the conduct of the webinar/public
meeting. There shall not be discussion
of proprietary information, costs or
prices, market share, or other
commercial matters regulated by U.S.
anti-trust laws. After the webinar/public
meeting and until the end of the
comment period, interested parties may
submit further comments on the
proceedings and any aspect of the
rulemaking.
The webinar/public meeting will be
conducted in an informal, conference
style. DOE will present a summary of
the proposals, allow time for prepared
general statements by participants, and
encourage all interested parties to share
their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be
allowed to make a general statement
(within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics.
DOE will permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any
general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements
on a topic, DOE will permit participants
to clarify their statements briefly.
Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other
participants concerning these issues.
DOE representatives may also ask
questions of participants concerning
other matters relevant to this
rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar/public meeting will accept
additional comments or questions from
those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification
of the above procedures that may be
needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public
meeting will be included in the docket,
which can be viewed as described in the
Docket section at the beginning of this
document. In addition, any person may
buy a copy of the transcript from the
transcribing reporter.
VI. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this proposed rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Small
businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on February 22,
2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman,
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, pursuant to delegated authority
from the Secretary of Energy. That
document with the original signature
and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in
compliance with requirements of the
Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register
Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in
electronic format for publication, as an
official document of the Department of
Energy. This administrative process in
no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on February 24,
2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 430 of chapter II of title
10, Code of Federal Regulations as set
forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Section 429.16 is amended by:
a. Revising the table 1 to paragraph
(a)(1);
■ b. Revising paragraph (a)(4)(i); and
■ c. Revising the table in paragraph
(b)(2)(i).
The revisions read as follows:
■
■
§ 429.16 Central air conditioners and
central air conditioning heat pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
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TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)
Category
Equipment subcategory
Single-Package Unit ........................
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Single-Package
AC
space-constrained).
Single-Package
HP
space-constrained).
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Frm 00026
(including
Required represented values
Every individual model distributed in commerce.
(including
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16855
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)—Continued
Category
Equipment subcategory
Required represented values
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit (Distributed in Commerce by OUM).
Single-Split-System AC with Single-Stage or Two-Stage Compressor (including Space-Constrained and Small-Duct, High
Velocity Systems (SDHV)).
Every individual combination distributed in commerce. Each model of
outdoor unit must include a represented value for at least one coilonly individual combination that is distributed in commerce and
which is representative of the least efficient combination distributed
in commerce with that particular model of outdoor unit. For that
particular model of outdoor unit, additional represented values for
coil-only and blower-coil individual combinations are allowed, if distributed in commerce.
Every individual combination distributed in commerce, including all
coil-only and blower-coil combinations.
Single-Split System AC with Other
Than Single-Stage or TwoStage Compressor (including
Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Single-Split-System HP (including
Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
non-SDHV (including SpaceConstrained).
Indoor Unit Only Distributed in
Commerce by ICM.
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
SDHV.
Single-Split-System Air Conditioner (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Single-Split-System Heat Pump
(including
Space-Constrained
and SDHV).
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
SDHV.
Outdoor Unit with no Match
*
*
*
*
*
(4) * * *
(i) Regional. A basic model (model of
outdoor unit) may only be certified as
compliant with a regional standard if all
individual combinations within that
basic model meet the regional standard
for which it is certified, including the
coil-only combination as specified in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, as
applicable. A model of outdoor unit that
is certified below a regional standard
can only be rated and certified as
Every individual combination distributed in commerce.
For each model of outdoor unit, at a minimum, a non-ducted ‘‘tested
combination.’’ For any model of outdoor unit also sold with models
of ducted indoor units, a ducted ‘‘tested combination.’’ When determining represented values on or after January 1, 2023, the ducted
‘‘tested combination’’ must comprise the highest static variety of
ducted indoor unit distributed in commerce (i.e., conventional, midstatic, or low-static). Additional representations are allowed, as described in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (c)(3)(ii) of this section, respectively.
For each model of outdoor unit, an SDHV ‘‘tested combination.’’ Additional representations are allowed, as described in paragraph
(c)(3)(iii) of this section.
Every individual combination distributed in commerce.
For a model of indoor unit within each basic model, an SDHV ‘‘tested
combination.’’ Additional representations are allowed, as described
in section (c)(3)(iii) of this section.
Every model of outdoor unit distributed in commerce (tested with a
model of coil-only indoor unit as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of
this section).
compliant with a regional standard if
the model of outdoor unit has a unique
model number and has been certified as
a different basic model for distribution
in each region, where the basic model(s)
certified as compliant with a regional
standard meet the requirements of the
first sentence. An ICM cannot certify an
individual combination with a rating
that is compliant with a regional
standard if the individual combination
includes a model of outdoor unit that
the OUM has certified with a rating that
is not compliant with a regional
standard. Conversely, an ICM cannot
certify an individual combination with
a rating that is not compliant with a
regional standard if the individual
combination includes a model of
outdoor unit that an OUM has certified
with a rating that is compliant with a
regional standard.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) * * *
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (B)(2)(I)
Category
Equipment subcategory
Single-Package Unit ........................
Single-Package AC (including
Space-Constrained).
Single-Package HP (including
Space-Constrained).
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Must test:
With:
The individual model with the lowest SEER (when testing in accordance with appendix M to
subpart B of part 430) or
SEER2 (when testing in accordance with appendix M1 to
subpart B of part 430).
N/A.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (B)(2)(I)—Continued
Category
Equipment subcategory
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit (Distributed in Commerce by OUM).
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Indoor Unit Only (Distributed in
Commerce by ICM).
Must test:
With:
Single-Split-System AC with Single-Stage or Two-Stage Compressor (including Space-Constrained and Small- Duct, High
Velocity Systems (SDHV)).
Single-Split-System HP with Single-Stage or Two-Stage Compressor (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Single-Split System AC or HP
with Other Than Single-Stage
or Two-Stage Compressor having a coil-only individual combination (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
The model of outdoor unit ............
A model of coil-only indoor unit.
The model of outdoor unit ............
A model of indoor unit.
The model of outdoor unit ............
Single-Split System AC or HP
with Other Than Single-Stage
or Two-Stage Compressor without a coil-only individual combination (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
non-SDHV (including SpaceConstrained).
The model of outdoor unit ............
A model of coil-only indoor unit. If
the outdoor unit is distributed in
commerce in a non-communicating variable-speed coilonly combination, the tested
combination must be non-communicating.
A model of indoor unit.
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
SDHV.
Single-Split-System Air Conditioner (including Space-Constrained and SDHV).
The model of outdoor unit ............
Single-Split-System Heat Pump
(including Space-Constrained
and SDHV).
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The model of outdoor unit ............
A model of indoor unit ..................
At a minimum, a ‘‘tested combination’’ composed entirely of
non-ducted indoor units. For
any models of outdoor units
also sold with models of ducted
indoor units, test a second
‘‘tested combination’’ composed
entirely of ducted indoor units
(in addition to the non-ducted
combination). If testing under
appendix M1 to subpart B of
part 430, the ducted ‘‘tested
combination’’ must comprise
the highest static variety of
ducted indoor unit distributed in
commerce (i.e., conventional,
mid-static, or low-static).
A ‘‘tested combination’’ composed
entirely of SDHV indoor units.
The least efficient model of outdoor unit with which it will be
paired where the least efficient
model of outdoor unit is the
model of outdoor unit in the
lowest
SEER
combination
(when testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part 430) or
SEER2 combination (when
testing under appendix M1 to
subpart B of part 430) as certified by the OUM. If there are
multiple models of outdoor unit
with the same lowest SEER
(when testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part 430) or
SEER2 (when testing under appendix M1 to subpart B of part
430) represented value, the
ICM may select one for testing
purposes.
Nothing, as long as an equivalent
air conditioner basic model has
been tested. If an equivalent air
conditioner basic model has not
been tested, must test a model
of indoor unit.
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16857
TABLE 2 TO PARAGRAPH (B)(2)(I)—Continued
Category
Equipment subcategory
Outdoor Unit with No Match ...........
Must test:
With:
Multi-Split, Multi-Circuit, or MultiHead Mini-Split Split System—
SDHV.
A model of indoor unit ..................
.......................................................
The model of outdoor unit ............
A ‘‘tested combination’’ composed
entirely of SDHV indoor units,
where the outdoor unit is the
least efficient model of outdoor
unit with which the SDHV indoor unit will be paired. The
least efficient model of outdoor
unit is the model of outdoor unit
in the lowest SEER combination (when testing under appendix M to subpart B of part 430)
or SEER2 combination (when
testing under appendix M1 to
subpart B of part 430) as certified by the OUM. If there are
multiple models of outdoor unit
with the same lowest SEER
represented value (when testing under appendix M to subpart B of part 430) or SEER2
represented value (when testing under appendix M1 to subpart B of part 430), the ICM
may select one for testing purposes.
A model of coil-only indoor unit
meeting the requirements of
section 2.2e of appendix M or
M1 to subpart B of part 430.
3. Section 429.102 is amended by
revising paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and (iii) to
read as follows:
■
§ 429.102 Prohibited acts subjecting
persons to enforcement action.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(4) * * *
(i) A complete central air conditioning
system that is not certified as a complete
system that meets the applicable
standard. Combinations that were
previously validly certified may be
installed after the manufacturer has
discontinued the combination, provided
all combinations within the basic
model, including for single-split-system
AC with single-stage or two-stage
compressor at least one coil-only
combination as specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section, comply with the
regional standard applicable at the time
of installation.
*
*
*
*
*
(iii) An outdoor unit that is part of a
certified combination rated less than the
standard applicable in the region in
which it is installed or, where
applicable, an outdoor unit with no
certified coil-only combination as
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section that meets the standard
applicable in the region in which it is
installed.
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Jkt 256001
§ 429.158
[Amended]
4. Section 429.158 is amended by
removing ‘‘§ 429.102(c)’’ in paragraphs
(a) and (b) and adding in its place
‘‘§ 429.102(b)(10)’’.
■
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
5. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
6. Section 430.2 is amended by
revising the definition for ‘‘Central air
conditioner or central air conditioning
heat pump’’ to read as follows:
■
§ 430. 2
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Central air conditioner or central air
conditioning heat pump means a
product, other than a packaged terminal
air conditioner, packaged terminal heat
pump, single-phase single-package
vertical air conditioner with cooling
capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h, singlephase single-package vertical heat pump
with cooling capacity less than 65,000
Btu/h, computer room air conditioner,
or unitary dedicated outdoor air system
as these equipment categories are
defined at 10 CFR 431.92, which is
powered by single phase electric
current, air cooled, rated below 65,000
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Frm 00029
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
Btu per hour, not contained within the
same cabinet as a furnace, the rated
capacity of which is above 225,000 Btu
per hour, and is a heat pump or a
cooling unit only. A central air
conditioner or central air conditioning
heat pump may consist of: A singlepackage unit; an outdoor unit and one
or more indoor units; an indoor unit
only; or an outdoor unit with no match.
In the case of an indoor unit only or an
outdoor unit with no match, the unit
must be tested and rated as a system
(combination of both an indoor and an
outdoor unit). For all central air
conditioner and central air conditioning
heat pump-related definitions, see
appendix M or M1 of subpart B of this
part.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 7. Section 430.32 is amended by
revising paragraph (c)(6)(ii) to read as
follows:
§ 430.32 Energy and water conservation
standards and their compliance dates.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(6) * * *
(ii) Any model of outdoor unit that
has a certified combination with a rating
below the applicable standard level(s)
for a region cannot be installed in that
region. The least-efficient combination
of each basic model, which for singlesplit-system AC with single-stage or
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
two-stage compressor (including SpaceConstrained and Small-Duct High
Velocity Systems (SDHV)) must be a
coil-only combination, must comply
with the applicable standard. See 10
CFR 429.16(a)(1) and (a)(4)(i) of this
chapter.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Appendix M to subpart B of part
430 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the definition of ‘‘Nominal
Capacity’’ in section 1.2;
■ b. Revising paragraph a of section
3.6.4;
■ c. Revising section 4.1.4.2;
■ d. Revising the introductory text to
section 4.2.3;
■ e. Revising the equation following the
word ‘‘Where:’’ in section 4.2.3.3; and
■ f. Revising section 4.2.3.4.
The revisions read as follows:
Appendix M to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Central Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps
*
*
*
Heating intermediate speed
3. * * *
3.6.4 * * *
a. Conduct one maximum temperature
test (H01), two high temperature tests
(H1N and H11), one frost accumulation
test (H2V), and one low temperature test
(H32). Conducting one or both of the
following tests is optional: An
additional high temperature test (H12)
and an additional frost accumulation
test (H22). If desired, conduct the
optional maximum temperature cyclic
(H0C1) test to determine the heating
mode cyclic-degradation coefficient,
CDh. If this optional test is conducted
= Heating minimum speed+
Where a tolerance on speed of plus 5
percent or the next higher inverter
frequency step from the calculated value
is allowed.
*
*
*
*
*
Heating full speed - Heating minimum speed
3
4. * * *
4.1.4.2 Unit Operates at an
Intermediate Compressor Speed (k=i)
In Order To Match the Building Cooling
˙ ck=1(Tj) <
Load at Temperature Tj,Q
˙
k=2
BL(Tj) < Qc (Tj).
˙ ck=i(Tj) = BL(Tj), the space cooling capacity
Q
delivered by the unit in matching the
building load at temperature Tj, Btu/h.
where:
Ef=i('I'j) =
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Nominal Cooling Capacity is
approximate to the air conditioner
cooling capacity tested at A or A2
condition. Nominal heating capacity is
approximate to the heat pump heating
capacity tested in H1N test.
*
*
*
*
*
E~!:~\~fj)'
The matching occurs with the unit
operating at compressor speed k=i.
the electrical power input required by the test unit when operating
at a compressor speed ofk=i and temperature Tj, W.
EERk=i(Tj) = the steady-state energy efficiency
ratio of the test unit when operating at
a compressor speed of k=i and
temperature Tj, Btu/h per W.
each temperature bin where the unit
operates at an intermediate compressor
speed, determine the energy efficiency
ratio EERk=i(Tj) using,
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the
cooling season, nj/N, from Table 19. For
EERk=i(Tj)
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For each unit, determine the
coefficients A, B, and C by conducting
the following calculations once:
A = EERk=2(T2)¥(B * T2)¥(C * T22)
= A + B * Tj + C * Tj
Frm 00030
2.
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E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.002 EP24MR22.003
*
1.2 * * *
but yields a tested CDh that exceeds the
default CDh or if the optional test is not
conducted, assign CDh the default value
of 0.25. Test conditions for the eight
tests are specified in Table 14. The
compressor shall operate at the same
heating full speed, measured by RPM or
power input frequency (Hz), for the H12,
H22 and H32 tests. For a cooling/heating
heat pump, the compressor shall operate
for the H1N test at a speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), no
lower than the speed used in the A2 test
if the tested H1N heating capacity is less
than the tested A2 cooling capacity. The
compressor shall operate at the same
heating minimum speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for
the H01, H1C1, and H11 tests. Determine
the heating intermediate compressor
speed cited in Table 14 using the
heating mode full and minimum
compressors speeds and:
EP24MR22.001
*
1. * * *
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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
EERk= 2(T2) - D * [EERk= 1(T1) - EERk=v(Tv)]
T1 - T2 - D * (T1 - Tv)
D
-T2
= T2
2
1
r.2 _ T2
1
V
where:
4.1.3–1 and 4.1–2 and solving for
outdoor temperature.
Tv = the outdoor temperature at which the
unit, when operating at the intermediate
compressor speed used during the
section 3.2.4 Ev test of this appendix,
provides a space cooling capacity that is
˙ ck=v(Tv) =
equal to the building load (Q
BL(Tv)), °F. Determine Tv by equating
T1 = the outdoor temperature at which the
unit, when operating at minimum
compressor speed, provides a space
cooling capacity that is equal to the
˙ ck=1(T1) = BL(T1)), °F.
building load (Q
Determine T1 by equating Equations
EER k=l(T)
1
*
*
*
*
= Qg= 1 (T1)[Equation4.l.4-1,
substitutingT1forTj]
· k-1c
.
.
.
Ee
- T1 ) [ Equation
4.1.4-2, substituting
T1 for Tj ]'
appendix), or operate at high capacity
(sections 4.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.4 of this
appendix) in responding to the building
load. For heat pumps that lock out low
capacity operation at low outdoor
temperatures, the outdoor temperature
at which the unit locks out must be that
specified by the manufacturer in the
certification report so that the
appropriate equations can be selected.
*
*
*
*
*
*
4.2 * * *
4.2.3
Additional Steps for Calculating the
HSPF of a Heat Pump Having a TwoCapacity Compressor
The calculation of the Equation 4.2–
1 quantities differ depending upon
whether the heat pump would operate
at low capacity (section 4.2.3.1 of this
appendix), cycle between low and high
capacity (section 4.2.3.2 of this
RH(Tj)
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Equations 4.1.4–3 and 4.1–2 and solving
for outdoor temperature.
T2 = the outdoor temperature at which the
unit, when operating at full compressor
speed, provides a space cooling capacity
that is equal to the building load
˙ ck=2(T2) = BL(T2)), °F. Determine T2 by
(Q
equating Equations 4.1.3–3 and 4.1–2
and solving for outdoor temperature.
/h
Btu per W
4.2.3.3 Heat Pump Only Operates at
High (k=2) Compressor Capacity at
Temperature Tj and Its Capacity Is
Greater Than the Building Heating
Load, BL(Tj) < Qhk=2(Tj)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
˙ hk=2(Tj); and
Xk=2(Tj) = BL(Tj)/Q
h
(k=2)
PLFj = 1¥CD
* [1¥Xk=2(Tj)].
4.2.3.4 Heat Pump Must Operate
Continuously at High (k=2) Compressor
Capacity at Temperature Tj, BL(Tj) ≥
˙ hk=2(Tj)
Q
= BL(Ij) - [Q~= 2 (1j) * o'(Ij)] * nj
3.413:~
N
EP24MR22.005 EP24MR22.006
= EERk= 1(T1) -
N
where:
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E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.004
B
16860
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
0,
0'(11)
1
=
2'
1,
*
*
*
*
9. Appendix M1 to subpart B of part
430 is amended by:
■ a. Adding in alphabetical order
definitions for ‘‘Variable-speed
Communicating Coil-only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump’’ and
‘‘Variable-speed Non-communicating
Coil-only Central Air Conditioner or
Heat Pump’’ in section 1.2;
■ b. Revising paragraph (B) and the
undesignated paragraph following it in
section 2;
■ c. Revising section 3.1.2;
■ d. Revising paragraphs a. and b. in
section 3.1.4.1.1;
■ e. Revising paragraphs a. and b. and
adding paragraph f in section 3.1.4.2:
■ f. Revising paragraph b. and adding
paragraph d. in section 3.1.4.3;
■ g. Revising paragraph a. in section
3.1.4.4.3;
■ h. Adding paragraph d. in section
3.1.4.6;
■ i. Revising section 3.1.4.7;
■ j. Revising paragraph a., adding
paragraph d., and revising Table 8 in
section 3.2.4;
■ k. Revising paragraph d.,
redesignating paragraph e. as paragraph
f., and adding a new paragraph e. in
section 3.3;
■ l. Revising the introductory text,
redesignating paragraphs a. and b. as c.
and d., respectively, adding new
paragraphs a. and b., and revising newly
redesignated paragraph c. in section
3.5.1;
■ m. Revising Table 11 in section 3.6.1;
■ n. Revising Table 12 in section 3.6.2;
■ o. Revising Table 13 in section 3.6.3
■ p. Revising section 3.6.4 and adding
sections 3.6.4.1 and 3.6.4.2.;
■ q. Revising Table 15 in section 3.6.6;
■ r. Revising paragraph c., redesignating
paragraphs d. and e. as e. and f.,
respectively, and adding new paragraph
d. in section 3.7;
■ s. Revising paragraph b. in section 3.8;
■ t. Revising paragraph b. in section
3.9.1;
■ u. Revising section 4.1.4;
■ v. Adding sections 4.1.4.2.1 and
4.1.4.2.2;
■ w. Revising the language after ‘‘Table
20’’ and before paragraph a., including
Equation 4.2–2, in section 4.2;
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
■
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x. Revising the introductory text for
section 4.2.3.;
■ y. Revising section 4.2.3.4;
■ z. Revising paragraphs a., b., c., and e.,
in section 4.2.4;
■ aa. Revising sections 4.2.4.1 and
4.2.4.2; and
■ bb. Removing the language ‘‘and
Xk=3(Tj) = Xk=2(Tj)’’ and adding in its
place ‘‘and Xk=3(Tj) = 1 ¥ Xk=2(Tj),’’ in
section 4.2.6.5.
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
Appendix M1 to Subpart B of Part
430—Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps
*
*
*
*
*
1.2 * * *
Variable-speed Communicating Coil-only
Central Air Conditioner or Heat Pump means
a variable-speed compressor system having a
coil-only indoor unit that is installed with a
control system that:
(a) Communicates the difference in space
temperature and space setpoint temperature
(not a setpoint value inferred from on/off
thermostat signals) to the control that sets
compressor speed;
(b) Provides a signal to the indoor fan to
set fan speed appropriate for compressor
staging; and
(c) Has installation instructions indicating
that the control system having these
capabilities must be installed.
*
*
*
*
*
Variable-speed Non-communicating Coilonly Central Air Conditioner or Heat Pump
means a variable-speed compressor system
having a coil-only indoor unit that is does
not meet the definition of variable-speed
communicating coil-only central air
conditioner or heat pump.
*
*
*
*
*
2* * *
(B) For systems other than VRF, only a
subset of the sections listed in this test
procedure apply when testing and
determining represented values for a
particular unit. Table 1 shows the sections of
the test procedure that apply to each system.
This table is meant to assist manufacturers in
finding the appropriate sections of the test
procedure. Manufacturers are responsible for
determining which sections apply to each
unit tested based on the model
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characteristics. The appendix sections
provide the specific requirements for testing.
To use Table 1, first refer to the sections
listed under ‘‘all units’’. Then refer to
additional requirements based on:
(1) System configuration(s),
(2) The compressor staging or modulation
capability, and
(3) Any special features.
Testing requirements for space-constrained
products do not differ from similar products
that are not space-constrained, and thus
space-constrained products are not listed
separately in this table. Air conditioners and
heat pumps are not listed separately in this
table, but heating procedures and
calculations apply only to heat pumps.
The ‘‘manufacturer’s published
instructions,’’ as stated in section 8.2 of
ASHRAE Standard 37–2009 (incorporated by
reference, see § 430.3) and ‘‘manufacturer’s
installation instructions’’ discussed in this
appendix mean the manufacturer’s
installation instructions that come packaged
with the unit or appear in the labels applied
to the unit. Manufacturer’s installation
instructions do not include online manuals.
Installation instructions that appear in the
labels applied to the unit shall take
precedence over installation instructions that
come packaged with the unit.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.2 Manufacturer-Provided Equipment
Overrides
Where needed, the manufacturer must
provide a means for overriding the controls
of the test unit so that the compressor(s)
operates at the specified speed or capacity
and the indoor blower operates at the
specified speed or delivers the specified air
volume rate. For variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only air conditioners
and heat pumps, the control system shall be
provided with a control signal indicating
operation at high or low stage, rather than
testing with the compressor speed fixed at
specific speeds, with the exception that
compressor speed override may be used for
heating mode test H12.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.4.1.1 * * *
a. For all ducted blower coil systems,
except those having a constant-air-volumerate indoor blower:
Step (1) Operate the unit under conditions
specified for the A test (for single-stage units)
or A2 test (for non-single-stage units) using
the certified fan speed or controls settings,
and adjust the exhaust fan of the airflow
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
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*
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Where:
Qmax = maximum measured airflow value
Qmin = minimum measured airflow value
QVar = airflow variance, percent
Additional test steps as described in
section 3.3.f of this appendix are
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required if the measured external static
pressure exceeds the target value by
more than 0.03 inches of water.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.4.2 * * *
a. For a ducted blower coil system
without a constant-air-volume indoor
blower, adjust for external static
pressure as follows:
Step (1) Operate the unit under
conditions specified for the B1 test using
the certified fan speed or controls
settings, and adjust the exhaust fan of
the airflow measuring apparatus to
achieve the certified cooling minimum
air volume rate;
Step (2) Measure the external static
pressure;
Step (3) If this pressure is equal to or
greater than the minimum external
static pressure computed above, the
pressure requirement is satisfied;
proceed to step 7 of this section. If this
pressure is not equal to or greater than
the minimum external static pressure
computed above, proceed to step 4 of
this section;
Step (4) Increase the external static
pressure by adjusting the exhaust fan of
the airflow measuring apparatus until
either:
(i) The pressure is equal to the
minimum external static pressure,
DPst_i, computed above or
(ii) The measured air volume rate
equals 90 percent or less of the cooling
minimum air volume rate, whichever
occurs first;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i)
of this section occur first, the pressure
requirement is satisfied; proceed to step
7 of this section. If the conditions of
step 4 (ii) of this section occur first,
proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change
to the setup of the indoor blower (e.g.,
next highest fan motor pin setting, next
highest fan motor speed) and repeat the
evaluation process beginning above, at
step 1 of this section. If the indoor
blower setup cannot be further changed,
increase the external static pressure by
adjusting the exhaust fan of the airflow
measuring apparatus until it equals the
minimum external static pressure
computed above; proceed to step 7 of
this section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have
been satisfied. Use the measured air
volume rate as the cooling minimum air
volume rate. Use the final indoor fan
speed or control settings of the unit
under test for all tests that use the
cooling minimum air volume rate.
Adjust the fan of the airflow
measurement apparatus if needed to
obtain the same cooling minimum air
volume rate (in scfm) for all such tests,
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unless the system modulates the indoor
blower speed with outdoor dry bulb
temperature or to adjust the sensible to
total cooling capacity ratio—in this case,
use an air volume rate that represents a
normal installation and calculate the
target minimum external static pressure
as described in this section 3.1.4.2.
b. For ducted units with constant-airvolume indoor blowers, conduct all
tests that specify the cooling minimum
air volume rate—(i.e., the A1, B1, C1, F1,
and G1 Tests)—at an external static
pressure that does not cause either an
automatic shutdown of the indoor
blower or a value of air volume rate
variation QVar, defined in section
3.1.4.1.1.b of this appendix, that is
greater than 10 percent, while being as
close to, but not less than the target
minimum external static pressure.
Additional test steps as described in
section 3.3.f of this appendix are
required if the measured external static
pressure exceeds the target value by
more than 0.03 inches of water.
*
*
*
*
*
f. For ducted variable-speed
compressor systems tested with a coilonly indoor unit, the cooling minimum
air volume rate is the higher of:
(1) The rate specified by the
installation instructions included with
the unit by the manufacturer; or
(2) 75 percent of the cooling full-load
air volume rate. During the laboratory
tests on a coil-only (fanless) system,
obtain this cooling minimum air volume
rate regardless of the pressure drop
across the indoor coil assembly.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.4.3 * * *
b. For a ducted blower coil system
with a constant-air-volume indoor
blower, conduct the EV Test at an
external static pressure that does not
cause either an automatic shutdown of
the indoor blower or a value of air
volume rate variation QVar, defined in
section 3.1.4.1.1.b of this appendix, that
is greater than 10 percent, while being
as close to, but not less than the target
minimum external static pressure.
Additional test steps as described in
section 3.3.f of this appendix are
required if the measured external static
pressure exceeds the target value by
more than 0.03 inches of water.
*
*
*
*
*
d. For ducted variable-speed
compressor systems tested with a coilonly indoor unit, use the cooling
minimum air volume rate as determined
in section 3.1.4.2(f) of this appendix,
without regard to the pressure drop
across the indoor coil assembly.
*
*
*
*
*
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measuring apparatus to achieve the certified
Cooling full-load air volume rate;
Step (2) Measure the external static
pressure;
Step (3) If this external static pressure is
equal to or greater than the applicable
minimum external static pressure cited in
Table 4, the pressure requirement is satisfied;
proceed to step 7 of this section. If this
external static pressure is not equal to or
greater than the applicable minimum
external static pressure cited in Table 4,
proceed to step 4 of this section;
Step (4) Increase the external static
pressure by adjusting the exhaust fan of the
airflow measuring apparatus until the first to
occur of:
(i) The applicable Table 4 minimum is
equaled or
(ii) The measured air volume rate equals 90
percent or less of the Cooling full-load air
volume rate;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i) of this
section occur first, the pressure requirement
is satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this section.
If the conditions of step 4 (ii) of this section
occur first, proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change to the
setup of the indoor blower (e.g., next highest
fan motor pin setting, next highest fan motor
speed) and repeat the evaluation process
beginning above, at step 1 of this section. If
the indoor blower setup cannot be further
changed, increase the external static pressure
by adjusting the exhaust fan of the airflow
measuring apparatus until the applicable
Table 4 minimum is equaled; proceed to step
7 of this section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have been
satisfied. Use the measured air volume rate
as the Cooling full-load air volume rate. Use
the final indoor fan speed or control settings
of the unit under test for all tests that use the
Cooling full-load air volume rate. Adjust the
fan of the airflow measurement apparatus if
needed to obtain the same full-load air
volume rate (in scfm) for all such tests,
unless the system modulates indoor blower
speed with outdoor dry bulb temperature or
to adjust the sensible to total cooling capacity
ratio—in this case, use an air volume rate
that represents a normal installation and
calculate the target external static pressure as
described in section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
b. For ducted blower coil systems with a
constant-air-volume-rate indoor blower. For
all tests that specify the Cooling full-load air
volume rate, obtain an external static
pressure as close to (but not less than) the
applicable Table 4 value that does not cause
either automatic shutdown of the indoor
blower or a value of air volume rate variation
QVar, defined as follows, that is greater than
10 percent.
16861
16862
3.1.4.4.3
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
* * *
a. For all ducted heating-only blower
coil system heat pumps, except those
having a constant-air-volume-rate
indoor blower: Conduct the following
steps only during the first test, the H1
or H12 test:
Step (1) Adjust the exhaust fan of the
airflow measuring apparatus to achieve
the certified heating full-load air volume
rate.
Step (2) Measure the external static
pressure.
Step (3) If this pressure is equal to or
greater than the Table 4 minimum
external static pressure that applies
given the heating-only heat pump’s
rated heating capacity, the pressure
requirement is satisfied; proceed to step
7 of this section. If this pressure is not
equal to or greater than the applicable
Table 4 minimum external static
pressure, proceed to step 4 of this
section;
Step (4) Increase the external static
pressure by adjusting the exhaust fan of
the airflow measuring apparatus until
either:
(i) The pressure is equal to the
applicable Table 4 minimum external
static pressure; or
(ii) The measured air volume rate
equals 90 percent or less of the heating
full-load air volume rate, whichever
occurs first;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i)
of this section occur first, the pressure
requirement is satisfied; proceed to step
7 of this section. If the conditions of
step 4 (ii) of this section occur first,
proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change
to the setup of the indoor blower (e.g.,
next highest fan motor pin setting, next
highest fan motor speed) and repeat the
evaluation process beginning above, at
step 1 of this section. If the indoor
blower setup cannot be further changed,
increase the external static pressure by
adjusting the exhaust fan of the airflow
measuring apparatus until it equals the
applicable Table 4 minimum external
static pressure; proceed to step 7 of this
section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have
been satisfied. Use the measured air
volume rate as the heating full-load air
volume rate. Use the final indoor fan
speed or control settings of the unit
under test for all tests that use the
heating full-load air volume rate. Adjust
the fan of the airflow measurement
apparatus if needed to obtain the same
heating full-load air volume rate (in
scfm) for all such tests, unless the
system modulates indoor blower speed
with outdoor dry bulb temperature—in
this case, use an air volume rate that
represents a normal installation and
calculate the target minimum external
static pressure as described in section
3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.4.6
* * *
d. For ducted variable-speed
compressor systems tested with a coilonly indoor unit, use the heating
minimum air volume rate, which (as
specified in section 3.1.4.5.1.a.(3) of this
appendix) is equal to the cooling
minimum air volume rate, without
regard to the pressure drop across the
indoor coil assembly.
*
*
*
*
*
3.1.4.7
Rate
Heating Nominal Air Volume
The manufacturer must specify the
heating nominal air volume rate and the
instructions for setting fan speed or
controls. Calculate target minimum
external static pressure as described in
section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix. Make
adjustments as described in section
3.1.4.6 of this appendix for heating
intermediate air volume rate so that the
target minimum external static pressure
is met or exceeded. For ducted variablespeed compressor systems tested with a
coil-only indoor unit, use the heating
full-load air volume rate as the heating
nominal air volume rate.
*
*
*
*
*
3.2.4
* * *
a. Conduct five steady-state wet coil
tests: The A2, EV, B2, B1, and F1 Tests
(the EV test is not applicable for variable
speed non-communicating coil-only air
conditioners and heat pumps). Use the
two optional dry-coil tests, the steadystate G1 Test and the cyclic I1 Test, to
determine the cooling mode cyclic
degradation coefficient, CDc. If the two
optional tests are conducted and yield a
tested CDc that exceeds the default CDc
or if the two optional tests are not
conducted, assign CDc the default value
of 0.25. Table 8 specifies test conditions
for these seven tests. The compressor
shall operate at the same cooling full
speed, measured by RPM or power
input frequency (Hz), for both the A2
and B2 tests. The compressor shall
operate at the same cooling minimum
speed, measured by RPM or power
input frequency (Hz), for the B1, F1, G1,
and I1 tests. Determine the cooling
intermediate compressor speed cited in
Table 8, as required, using:
Cooling intermediate speed
= Cooling minimum speed
where a tolerance of plus 5 percent or
the next higher inverter frequency step
from that calculated is allowed.
*
*
*
*
*
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d. For variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only air
conditioners and heat pumps, the
manufacturer-provided equipment
overrides for full and minimum
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compressor speed described in section
3.1.2 of appendix M1 shall be limited to
two stages of digital on/off control.
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+
Cooling full speed - Cooling minimum speed
3
16863
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 8—COOLING MODE TEST CONDITION FOR UNITS HAVING A VARIABLE-SPEED COMPRESSOR
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Test description
Dry bulb
A2 Test—required (steady, wet
coil).
B2 Test—required (steady, wet
coil).
EV Test—required 7 (steady,
wet coil).
B1 Test—required (steady, wet
coil).
F1 Test—required (steady, wet
coil).
G1 Test 5—optional (steady,
dry-coil).
I1 Test 5—optional (cyclic, drycoil).
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Wet bulb
Dry bulb
Compressor speed
Cooling air volume
rate
Wet bulb
80
67
95
1 75
Cooling Full ............
2 Cooling
Full-Load.
80
67
82
1 65
Cooling Full ............
2 Cooling
Full-Load.
80
67
87
1 69
3 Cooling
80
67
82
165
Cooling Intermediate.
Cooling Minimum ...
80
67
67
153.5
Cooling Minimum ...
4 Cooling
Minimum.
80
( 6)
67
........................
Cooling Minimum ...
4 Cooling
Minimum.
80
(6)
67
........................
Cooling Minimum ...
( 6)
Intermediate.
4 Cooling Minimum.
1 The
specified test condition only applies if the unit rejects condensate to the outdoor coil.
in section 3.1.4.1 of this appendix.
3 Defined in section 3.1.4.3 of this appendix.
4 Defined in section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
5 The entering air must have a low enough moisture content so no condensate forms on the indoor coil. DOE recommends using an indoor air
wet bulb temperature of 57 °F or less.
6 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure difference or velocity
pressure as measured during the G1 Test.
7 The E test is not applicable for variable-speed non-communicating coil-only air conditioners and heat pumps.
V
2 Defined
*
*
*
3.3
* * *
*
*
d. For mobile home and spaceconstrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state wet coil
tests that specify the cooling minimum
air volume rate or cooling intermediate
air volume rate (i.e., the A1, B1, EV, and
k
decrease Qc (T) by:
· k
1130 Btu/h
f
l000sc m
331 W
F1 tests) and for which the minimum or
intermediate air volume rate is 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
·
* Vs, and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - * Vs
1000 scfm
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air volume rate (i.e., the A2 and B2 tests)
or tests using a minimum or
intermediate air volume rate that is
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greater than 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
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(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state wet coil
tests that specify the cooling full-load
16864
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
k
decrease Qc (T) by:
· k
1385Btu/h
f
lO00sc m
406W
•
* Vs, and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - - * Vs
1000 scfm
(3) For single-stage systems, for all steady-state wet coil tests (i.e., the A and B
tests)-
k
1385Btu/h
•
decrease Qc (T) by:----'--* Vs, and
lO00scfm
· k
406W
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - * Vs
1000 scfm
where V˙S is the average measured
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
e. For non-mobile, non-spaceconstrained home ducted coil-only
system tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state wet coil
tests that specify the cooling minimum
k
decrease Qc (T) by:
· k
1228 Btu/h
f
lO00sc m
360 W
air volume rate or cooling intermediate
air volume rate (i.e., the A1, B1, EV, and
F1 tests) and for which the minimum or
intermediate air volume rate is 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
·
* Vs, and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - * Vs
lO00scfm
greater than 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
EP24MR22.012
air volume rate (i.e., the A2 and B2 tests)
or tests using a minimum or
intermediate air volume rate that is
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24MRP2
EP24MR22.011
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state wet coil
tests that specify the cooling full-load
16865
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
k
decrease Qc (T) by:
, k
1505 Btu/h
f
1000 SC m
441 W
*
·
Vs, and
·
increase Ec (T) by: - - * Vs
1000 scfm
(3) For single-stage systems, for all steady-state wet coil tests (i.e., the A and B tests) -
k
1505 Btu/h
·
decrease Qc (T) by: _ _....;._* Vs, and
1000 scfm
, k
441 W
·
increase Ec (T) by: - - * Vs
1000 scfm
where V˙S is the average measured
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
TABLE 9—TEST OPERATING AND TEST CONDITION TOLERANCES FOR SECTION 3.3 STEADY-STATE WET COIL COOLING
MODE TESTS AND SECTION 3.4 DRY COIL COOLING MODE TESTS
Indoor dry-bulb, °F:
Entering temperature ........................................................................................................................................
Leaving temperature .........................................................................................................................................
Indoor wet-bulb, °F:
Entering temperature ........................................................................................................................................
Leaving temperature .........................................................................................................................................
Outdoor dry-bulb, °F:
Entering temperature ........................................................................................................................................
Leaving temperature .........................................................................................................................................
Outdoor wet-bulb, °F:
Entering temperature ........................................................................................................................................
Leaving temperature .........................................................................................................................................
External resistance to airflow, inches of water ........................................................................................................
Electrical voltage, % of reading ...............................................................................................................................
Nozzle pressure drop, % of reading ........................................................................................................................
Test operating
tolerance 1
Test condition
tolerance 1
2.0
2.0
0.5
........................
1.0
2 0.3
........................
2 1.0
2.0
3 2.0
1.0
3 1.0
0.05
2.0
2.0
0.5
........................
4 0.3
........................
5 0.02
1.5
........................
1 See
section 1.2 of this appendix, Definitions.
applies during wet coil tests; does not apply during steady-state, dry coil cooling mode tests.
applies when using the outdoor air enthalpy method.
4 Only applies during wet coil cooling mode tests where the unit rejects condensate to the outdoor coil.
5 Only applies when testing non-ducted units.
2 Only
3 Only
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
3.5.1
*
*
*
*
* * *
The automatic controls that are
installed in the test unit must govern the
OFF/ON cycling of the air moving
equipment on the indoor side (i.e. the
exhaust fan of the airflow measuring
apparatus and the indoor blower of the
test unit). For ducted coil-only systems
rated based on using a fan time-delay
relay, control the indoor coil airflow
according to the OFF delay listed by the
manufacturer in the certification report.
For ducted units having a variable-
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
speed indoor blower that has been
disabled (and possibly removed), start
and stop the indoor airflow at the same
instances as if the fan were enabled. For
all other ducted coil-only systems, cycle
the indoor coil airflow in unison with
the cycling of the compressor. If air
damper boxes are used, close them on
the inlet and outlet side during the OFF
period. Airflow through the indoor coil
should stop within 3 seconds after the
automatic controls of the test unit deenergize (or if the airflow system has
been disabled (and possibly removed),
within 3 seconds after the automatic
PO 00000
Frm 00037
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
controls of the test unit would have deenergized) the indoor blower.
a. For mobile home and spaceconstrained ducted coil-only systems,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests that
specify the cooling minimum air
volume rate (i.e., the D1 and I1 tests) and
for which the minimum air volume rate
is 75 percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate, increase ecyc,dry by the
quantity,
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.013
*
16866
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
.
331W
·
Equat10n 3.5-2. - - - * Vs* [r2
l000scfm
r 1]
-
and increase qcyc,dry by the quantity,
1130 Btu/h
.
·
Equation 3.5-3. -----'--* Vs* [r2
-
lO00scfm
where V˙S is the average indoor air
volume rate from the section 3.4 dry coil
steady-state test and is expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests that
specify the cooling full-load air volume
rate (i.e., the D2 test) or tests using a
minimum air volume rate that is greater
.
406W
·
Equation 3.5-4. - - - * Vs* [r2
l000scfm
r 1]
than 75 percent of the cooling full-load
air volume rate increase ecyc,dry by the
quantity,
r 1]
-
and decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity,
1385 Btu/h
.
·
Equation 3.5-5. ---'--* Vs* [r2
-
l000scfm
b. For ducted, non-mobile, non-spaceconstrained home coil-only units,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests that
specify the cooling minimum air
volume rate (i.e., the D1 and I1 tests) and
(3) For single-stage systems, for all
cyclic dry-coil tests (i.e., the D test)
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5–4 and
decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5–5
.
360W
·
Equation 3.5-6. - - - * Vs* [r2
l000scfm
r 1]
for which the minimum air volume rate
is 75 percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate, increase ecyc,dry by the
quantity,
r 1]
-
and decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity,
·
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests that
specify the cooling full-load air volume
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
-
rate (i.e., the D2 test) or tests using a
minimum air volume rate that is greater
than 75 percent of the cooling full-load
PO 00000
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Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
r 1]
air volume rate increase ecyc,dry by the
quantity,
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.015 EP24MR22.016
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
l000scfm
EP24MR22.014
1228 Btu/h
.
Equat10n 3.5-7. -----'--* Vs* [r2
16867
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
.
441W
·
Equation 3.5-8. - - - * Vs* [-r2 - -r1]
l000scfm
and decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity,
1505 Btu/h
.
·
Equat10n 3.5-9. ---'--* Vs* [-r2 - -r1]
lO00scfm
the cyclic test, increase ecyc,dry and
decrease qcyc,dry based on: The product
of [t2¥t1] and the indoor blower power
(in W) measured during or following the
dry coil steady-state test; or,
*
*
*
*
*
(3) For single-stage systems, for all
cyclic dry-coil tests (i.e., the D test)
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5–8 and
decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5–9
c. For units having a variable-speed
indoor blower that is disabled during
3.6
* * *
3.6.1 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a
Single-Speed Compressor and Fixed
Heating Air Volume Rate
*
*
*
*
*
TABLE 11—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR UNITS HAVING A SINGLE-SPEED COMPRESSOR AND A FIXED-SPEED
INDOOR BLOWER, A CONSTANT AIR VOLUME RATE INDOOR BLOWER, OR COIL-ONLY
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Test description
Dry bulb
H1 test (required, steady) .............
H1C test (optional, cyclic) .............
H2 test (required) ..........................
H3 test (required, steady) .............
H4 test (optional, steady) ..............
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Wet bulb
70
70
70
70
70
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
Dry bulb
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
47
47
35
17
5
43 ......................
43 ......................
33 ......................
15 ......................
4 (max) ................
Heating
(2)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Full-Load.1
Full-Load.1
Full-Load.1
Full-Load.1
1 Defined
in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H1 test.
2 Maintain
*
*
*
*
*
3.6.2 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a
Single-Speed Compressor and a Single
Indoor Unit Having Either (1) a
Variable-Speed, Variable-Air-Rate
Indoor Blower Whose Capacity
Modulation Correlates With Outdoor
Dry Bulb Temperature or (2) Multiple
Indoor Blowers
*
*
*
*
*
TABLE 12—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR UNITS WITH A SINGLE-SPEED COMPRESSOR THAT MEET THE SECTION
3.6.2 INDOOR UNIT REQUIREMENTS
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Dry bulb
H12 test (required, steady) ............
H11 test (required, steady) ............
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic) ............
H22 test (required) .........................
H21 test (optional) .........................
H32 test (required, steady) ............
H31 test (required, steady) ............
H42 test (optional, steady) ............
1 Defined
2 Defined
Wet bulb
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Dry bulb
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
47
47
47
35
35
17
17
5
43 ......................
43 ......................
43 ......................
33 ......................
33 ......................
15 ......................
15 ......................
4 (max) ................
Heating
Heating
(3)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
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17:50 Mar 23, 2022
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E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
Full-Load.1
Minimum.2
Full-Load.1
Minimum.2
Full-Load.1
Minimum2
Full-Load.1
EP24MR22.017
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Test description
16868
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
3 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H11 test.
*
*
*
*
*
3.6.3 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a
Two-Capacity Compressor (see Section
1.2 of This Appendix, Definitions),
Including Two-Capacity, Northern Heat
Pumps (see Section 1.2 of This
Appendix, Definitions)
*
*
*
*
*
TABLE 13—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR UNITS HAVING A TWO-CAPACITY COMPRESSOR
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Test description
Dry bulb
H01 test (required,
steady).
H12 test (required,
steady).
H1C2 test (optional,7 cyclic).
H11 test (required,
steady).
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic).
H22 test (required) ..........
H21 test5,6 (required) ......
H32 test (required,
steady).
H31 test5 (required,
steady).
H42 test (optional,
steady).
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Wet bulb
Dry bulb
Compressor capacity
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
70
60 (max) .......
62
56.5 ............
Low ................................
Heating Minimum.1
70
60 (max) .......
47
43 ...............
High ................................
Heating Full-Load.2
70
60 (max) .......
47
43 ...............
High ................................
(3)
70
60 (max) .......
47
43 ...............
Low ................................
Heating Minimum.1
70
60 (max) .......
47
43 ...............
Low ................................
(4)
70
70
70
60 (max) .......
60 (max) .......
60 (max) .......
35
35
17
33 ...............
33 ...............
15 ...............
High ................................
Low ................................
High ................................
Heating Full-Load.2
Heating Minimum.1
Heating Full-Load.2
70
60 (max) .......
17
15 ...............
Low ................................
Heating Minimum.1
70
60 (max) .......
5
4 (max) .........
High ................................
Heating Full-Load.2
1 Defined
in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H12 test.
4 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H11 test.
5 Required only if the heat pump’s performance when operating at low compressor capacity and outdoor temperatures less than 37 °F is needed to complete the section 4.2.3 HSPF2 calculations.
6 If table note #5 applies, the section 3.6.3 equations for Q k=1 (35) and E k=1 (17) may be used in lieu of conducting the H2 test.
h
h
1
7 Required only if the heat pump locks out low-capacity operation at lower outdoor temperatures.
2 Defined
3 Maintain
*
*
*
*
*
3.6.4 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a
Variable-Speed Compressor
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
3.6.4.1. Variable-Speed Compressor
Other Than Non-communicating CoilOnly Heat Pumps
a. Conduct one maximum temperature
test (H01), two high temperature tests
(H1N and H11), one frost accumulation
test (H2V), and one low temperature test
(H32). Conducting one or more of the
following tests is optional: an additional
high temperature test (H12), an
additional frost accumulation test (H22),
and a very low temperature test (H42).
Conduct the optional high temperature
cyclic (H1C1) test to determine the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
heating mode cyclic-degradation
coefficient, CDh. If this optional test is
conducted and yields a tested CDh that
exceeds the default CDh or if the
optional test is not conducted, assign
CDh the default value of 0.25. Test
conditions for the nine tests are
specified in Table 14A. The compressor
shall operate for the H12, H22 and H32
Tests at the same heating full speed,
measured by RPM or power input
frequency (Hz), as the maximum speed
at which the system controls would
operate the compressor in normal
operation in 17 °F ambient temperature.
The compressor shall operate for the
H1N test at the maximum speed at
which the system controls would
PO 00000
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Fmt 4701
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operate the compressor in normal
operation in 47 °F ambient temperature.
Additionally, for a cooling/heating heat
pump, the compressor shall operate for
the H1N test at a speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), no
lower than the speed used in the A2 test
if the tested H1N heating capacity is less
than the tested A2 cooling capacity. The
compressor shall operate at the same
heating minimum speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for
the H01, H1C1, and H11 Tests. Determine
the heating intermediate compressor
speed cited in Table 14A using the
heating mode full and minimum
compressors speeds and:
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16869
Heating intermediate speed
= Heating minimum speed
+
where a tolerance of plus 5 percent or
the next higher inverter frequency step
from that calculated is allowed.
Heating full speed - Heating minimum speed
3
b. If one of the high temperature tests
(H12 or H1N) is conducted using the
same compressor speed (RPM or power
input frequency) as the H32 test, set the
'k=2
Qhcalc( 47)
'k=2
= Qh
( 47);
47 °F capacity and power input values
used for calculation of HSPF2 equal to
the measured values for that test:
'k=2
Ehcalc( 47)
= Eh'k=2 ( 47)
where:
Q~;J1cC 4 7) and E~;a1c (4 7) are the capacity and power input, respectively,
representing full-speed operation at 47 °P for the HSPP2 calculations,
˙ hk=2(47) is the capacity measured in
Q
the high temperature test (H12 or H1N)
that used the same compressor speed as
the H32 test, and
E˙hk=2(47) is the power input measured
in the high temperature test (H12 or
H1N) which used the same compressor
speed as the H32 test.
˙ hk=2(47) and
Evaluate the quantities Q
E˙hk=2(47) according to section 3.7 of this
appendix.
Otherwise (if no high temperature test
is conducted using the same speed
(RPM or power input frequency) as the
H32 test), calculate the 47 °F capacity
and power input values used for
calculation of HSPF2 as follows:
where:
˙ hk=2(17) is the capacity measured in the
Q
0.0262/°F for single-package
H32 test,
systems, and
E˙hk=2(17) is the power input measured in PSF is the Power Slope Factor, equal to
0.00455/°F.
the H32 test,
CSF is the capacity slope factor, equal
c. If the H22 test is not done, use the
following equations to approximate the
to 0.0204/°F for split systems and
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capacity and electrical power at the H22
test conditions:
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.019 EP24MR22.020
representing full-speed operation at 47 °P for the HSPP2 calculations,
EP24MR22.018
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Q~;izcC 47) and Eft;aicC 47) are the capacity and power input, respectively,
16870
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Q~= 2 (35)
= 0.90 * {Q~= 2 (17) + 0.6 * [Q~;cizc(47) -
Q~= 2 (17)]}
tt= 2 (35)
= 0.985 * {£~=2 (17) + 0.6 * [Et;a1c(47) -
tt= 2 (17)]}
where:
Q~;1zcC 47) and E~;a1c(47) are the capacity and power input, respectively,
representing full-speed operation at 47 °F for the HSPF2 calculations, calculated as
described in section b above, and
˙ hk=2(17) and E˙hk=2(17) and are the
Q
capacity and power input measured in
the H32 test.
˙ hk=2(17)
d. Determine the quantities Q
and E˙hk=2(17) from the H32 test,
˙ hk=2(5) and
determine the quantities Q
E˙hk=2(5) from the H42 test, and evaluate
all four according to section 3.10 of this
appendix.
e. For multiple-split heat pumps
(only), the following procedures
supersede the above requirements. For
all Table 14A tests specified for a
minimum compressor speed, turn off at
least one indoor unit. The manufacturer
shall designate the particular indoor
unit(s) to be turned off. The
manufacturer must also specify the
compressor speed used for the Table
14A H2V test, a heating mode
intermediate compressor speed that falls
within 1⁄4 and 3⁄4 of the difference
between the full and minimum heating
mode speeds. The manufacturer should
prescribe an intermediate speed that is
expected to yield the highest COP for
the given H2V test conditions and
bracketed compressor speed range. The
manufacturer can designate that one or
more specific indoor units are turned off
for the H2V test.
TABLE 14A—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR UNITS HAVING A VARIABLE-SPEED COMPRESSOR OTHER THAN
VARIABLE-SPEED NON-COMMUNICATING COIL-ONLY HEAT PUMPS
Test description
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Dry bulb
H01 test (required, steady) .....
H12 test (optional, steady) ......
H11 test (required, steady) .....
H1N test (required, steady) .....
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic) .....
H22 test (optional) ...................
H2V test (required) ..................
H32 test (required, steady) .....
H42 test (optional, steady) ......
Wet bulb
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Dry bulb
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
Compressor speed
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
62
47
47
47
47
35
35
17
5
56.5 ................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
33 ...................
33 ...................
15 ...................
4 (max) .............
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Minimum ...................
Full 4 ..........................
Minimum ...................
Full 5 ..........................
Minimum ...................
Full 4 ..........................
Intermediate ..............
Full 4 ..........................
Full 8 ..........................
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
( 2)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Minimum.1
Full-Load.3
Minimum.1
Nominal7
Full-Load.3
Intermediate.6
Full-Load.3
Full-Load.3
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
3.6.4.2. Variable-Speed Compressor
With Non-communicating Coil-Only
Heat Pumps
a. Conduct one maximum temperature
test (H01), two high temperature tests
(H1N and H11), two frost accumulation
test (H22 and H21), and two low
temperature tests (H32 and H31).
Conducting one or both of the following
tests is optional: An additional high
temperature test (H12) and a very low
temperature test (H42). Conduct the
optional high temperature cyclic (H1C1)
test to determine the heating mode
cyclic-degradation coefficient, CDh. If
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
this optional test is conducted and
yields a tested CDh that exceeds the
default CDh or if the optional test is not
conducted, assign CDh the default value
of 0.25. Test conditions for the ten tests
are specified in Table 14B. The
compressor shall operate for the H12
and H32 tests at the same heating full
speed, measured by RPM or power
input frequency (Hz), as the maximum
speed at which the system controls
would operate the compressor in normal
operation in 17 °F ambient temperature.
The compressor shall operate for the
H1N test at the maximum speed at
which the system controls would
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Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
operate the compressor in normal
operation in 47 °F ambient temperature.
Additionally, for a cooling/heating heat
pump, the compressor shall operate for
the H1N test at a speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), no
lower than the speed used in the A2 test
if the tested H1N heating capacity is less
than the tested A2 cooling capacity. The
compressor shall operate at the same
heating minimum speed, measured by
RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for
the H01, H1C1, and H11 tests.
b. If one of the high temperature tests
(H12 or H1N) is conducted using the
same compressor speed (RPM or power
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.021
1 Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
2 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H1
1
test.
3 Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
4 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 °F ambient temperature. The H1 test is not needed if the H1
2
N
test uses this same compressor speed.
5 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 47 °F ambient temperature.
6 Defined in section 3.1.4.6 of this appendix.
7 Defined in section 3.1.4.7 of this appendix.
8 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation at 5 °F ambient temperature.
16871
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
input frequency) as the H32 test, set the
47 °F capacity and power input values
used for calculation of HSPF2 equal to
the measured values for that test:
'k=2
Qhcalc(
47)
'k=2
= Qh
( 47);
'k=2
Ehcalc(
47)
= Eh'k=2 ( 47)
where:
Q~;J1cC 4 7) and E~;aic (4 7) are the capacity and power input, respectively,
representing full-speed operation at 47 °P for the HSPP2 calculations,
˙ hk=2(47) is the capacity measured in
Q
the high temperature test (H12 or H1N)
which used the same compressor speed
as the H32 test, and
E˙hk=2(47) is the power input measured
in the high temperature test (H12 or
H1N) which used the same compressor
speed as the H32 test.
˙ hk=2(47) and
Evaluate the quantities Q
E˙hk=2(47) according to section 3.7 of this
appendix.
Otherwise (if no high temperature test
is conducted using the same speed
(RPM or power input frequency) as the
H32 test), calculate the 47 °F capacity
and power input values used for
calculation of HSPF2 as follows:
where:
Q~;Jc ( 4 7) and E~;aic ( 4 7) are the capacity and power input, respectively, representing fullspeed operation at 47 °P for the HSPP2 calculations,
˙ hk=2(17) is the capacity measured in
Q
the H32 test,
E˙hk=2(17) is the power input measured
in the H32 test,
CSF is the capacity slope factor, equal
to 0.0204/°F for split systems, and
E˙hk=2(5) from the H42 test, and evaluate
all four according to section 3.10 of this
appendix.
PSF is the Power Slope Factor, equal to
0.00455/°F.
˙ hk=2(17)
c. Determine the quantities Q
k=2
˙
and Eh (17) from the H32 test,
˙ hk=2(5) and
determine the quantities Q
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Dry bulb
H01 test (required, steady) .....
H12 test (optional, steady) ......
H11 test (required, steady) .....
H1N test (required, steady) .....
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic) .....
H22 test (required) ..................
H21 test (required) ..................
H32 test (required, steady) .....
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Wet bulb
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
Jkt 256001
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Dry bulb
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
PO 00000
Frm 00043
Compressor speed
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
62
47
47
47
47
35
35
17
Fmt 4701
56.5 ................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
33 ...................
33 ...................
15 ...................
Sfmt 4702
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
Minimum ...................
Full 4 ..........................
Minimum ...................
Full 5 ..........................
Minimum ...................
Full 6 ..........................
Minimum 7 .................
Full 4 ..........................
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
( 2)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Minimum.1
Full-Load.3
Minimum.1
Full-Load.3
Full-Load.3
Minimum.1
Full-Load.3
EP24MR22.023
Test description
EP24MR22.022
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
TABLE 14B—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR VARIABLE-SPEED NON-COMMUNICATING COIL-ONLY HEAT PUMPS
16872
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 14B—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR VARIABLE-SPEED NON-COMMUNICATING COIL-ONLY HEAT PUMPS—
Continued
Air entering indoor unit temperature (°F)
Test description
Dry bulb
H31 test (required, steady) .....
H42 test (optional, steady) ......
Air entering outdoor unit temperature (°F)
Wet bulb
70
70
Dry bulb
60 (max) ...........
60 (max) ...........
Compressor speed
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
17
5
Heating Minimum 8 .................
Heating Full 9 ..........................
15 ...................
4 (max) .............
Heating Minimum.1
Heating Full-Load.3
1 Defined
in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
2 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H1
1
test.
3 Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
4 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 °F ambient temperature. The H1 test is not needed if the H1
2
N
test uses this same compressor speed.
5 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 47 °F ambient temperature.
6 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 35 °F ambient temperature.
7 Minimum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 35 °F ambient temperature.
8 Minimum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 °F ambient temperature.
9 Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 5 °F ambient temperature.
*
*
*
*
*
3.6.6. Heating Mode Tests for
Northern Heat Pumps with TripleCapacity Compressors
*
*
*
*
*
TABLE 15—HEATING MODE TEST CONDITIONS FOR UNITS WITH A TRIPLE-CAPACITY COMPRESSOR
Air entering indoor unit (°F)
Air entering outdoor unit (°F)
Test description
Compressor capacity
Dry bulb
H01 Test (required, steady) ....
H12 (required, steady) ............
H1C2 Test (optional,8 cyclic ...
H11 Test (required, steady) ....
H1C1 Test (optional, cyclic) ....
H23 Test (optional, steady) .....
H22 Test (required) .................
H21 Test (required) .................
H33 Test (required, steady) ....
H3C3 Test 5 6 (optional, cyclic)
H32 Test (required, steady) ....
H31 Test 5 (required, steady) ..
H43 Test (required, steady) ....
1 Defined
2 Defined
Wet bulb
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
60 (max)
Dry bulb
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
...........
Heating air volume rate
Wet bulb
62
47
47
47
47
35
35
35
17
17
17
17
5
56.5 ................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
43 ...................
33 ...................
33 ...................
33 ...................
15 ...................
15 ...................
15 ...................
15 ...................
4 (max) .............
Low .........................................
High ........................................
High ........................................
Low .........................................
Low .........................................
Booster ...................................
High ........................................
Low .........................................
Booster ...................................
Booster ...................................
High ........................................
Low .........................................
Booster ...................................
Heating
Heating
( 3)
Heating
( 4)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Heating
( 7)
Heating
Heating
Heating
Minimum.1
Full-Load.2
Minimum.1
Full-Load.2
Full-Load.2
Minimum.1
Full-Load.2
Full-Load.2
Minimum.1
Full-Load.2
in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H12
3 Maintain
test.
4 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H1
1
test.
5 Required only if the heat pump’s performance when operating at low compressor capacity and outdoor temperatures less than 37 °F is needed to complete the
section 4.2.6 HSPF2 calculations.
˙ hk=1(35) and E˙hk=1(17) may be used in lieu of conducting the H21 test.
6 If table note 5 applies, the section 3.6.6 equations for Q
7 Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured during the H3
3
test.
8 Required only if the heat pump locks out low-capacity operation at lower outdoor temperatures
*
*
3.7
* * *
*
*
*
c. For mobile home and spaceconstrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state maximum
temperature and high temperature tests
that specify the heating minimum air
volume rate or the heating intermediate
, k
1130 Btu/h
1000 scfm
331 W
* v.·s' and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - - * V5 .
lO00scfm
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
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Sfmt 4725
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.024
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
k (T) b ·.
y
mcrease Qc
air volume rate (i.e., the H01 and H11
tests) and for which the minimum or
intermediate air volume rate is 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
volume rate or the heating nominal air
volume rate (i.e., the H12 and the H1N
tests) or tests using a minimum or
intermediate air volume rate that is
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state maximum
temperature and high temperature tests
that specify the heating full-load air
k (T) b ·.
y
mcrease Qe
.
• k
1385 Btu/h
1000 sefm
16873
greater than 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
* v.·s, and
406W
·
mcrease Ee (T) by: - - - * Vs.
lO00sefm
(3) For single-stage systems, for all
steady-state maximum temperature and
high temperature tests (i.e., the H1
test)—
k (T) b ·.
y
mcrease Qe
.
• k
1385 Btu/h
1000 sefm
* v.·s, and
406W
·
mcrease Ee (T) by: - - - * Vs.
lO00sefm
˙ S is the average measured
Where V
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
d. For non-mobile, non-spaceconstrained home ducted coil-only
system tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state maximum
temperature and high temperature tests
that specify the heating minimum air
volume rate or the heating intermediate
air volume rate (i.e., the H01 and H11
tests) and for which the minimum or
k (T) b ·.
y
mcrease Qe
· k
1228 Btu/h
1000 sefm
360 W
intermediate air volume rate is 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
* v.·s, and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - - * Vs.
lO00sefm
greater than 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
EP24MR22.026 EP24MR22.027
volume rate or the heating nominal air
volume rate (i.e., the H12 and the H1N
tests) or tests using a minimum or
intermediate air volume rate that is
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
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24MRP2
EP24MR22.025
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all steady-state maximum
temperature and high temperature tests
that specify the heating full-load air
16874
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
lllCreaSe Qe k (T) by ·.
, k
1505 Btu/h
1000 sefm
*
441 W
v.·
S,
and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - * V5 .
1000 sefm
(3)
For single-stage systems, for all steady-state maximum temperature and
high temperature tests (i.e., the Hl test) -
lllCreaSe Qe k (T) by ·.
, k
1505 Btu/h
1000 sefm
441 W
*
v.·
S,
and
·
increase Ee (T) by: - - * V5 .
1000 sefm
where V˙S is the average measured
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
*
*
*
*
*
3.8 * * *
b. For ducted coil-only system heat
pumps (excluding the special case
where a variable-speed fan is
temporarily removed),
(1) For mobile home and spaceconstrained ducted coil-only systems
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic heating tests that
specify the heating minimum air
volume rate (i.e., the H1C1 test), increase
qcyc by the amount calculated using
Equation 3.5–3. Additionally, increase
ecyc by the amount calculated using
Equation 3.5–2.
(ii) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic heating tests that
specify the heating full-load air volume
rate (i.e., the H1C2 test), increase qcyc by
the amount calculated using Equation
3.5–5. Additionally, increase ecyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5–
4.
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all
cyclic heating tests (i.e., the H1C and
H1C1 tests), increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5–5.
Additionally, increase ecyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5–
4.
(2) For non-mobile home and nonspace-constrained ducted coil-only
systems
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic heating tests that
specify the heating minimum air
volume rate (i.e., the H1C1 test)—
increase qcyc by the amount calculated
using Equation 3.5–7. Additionally,
increase ecyc by the amount calculated
using Equation 3.5–6.
• k
3.9.1 * * *
edef(35)
.
= ~'---,
when expressed m
/J.TFR
(1) For mobile home and spaceconstrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all frost accumulation tests
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
that specify the heating minimum air
volume rate or the heating intermediate
air volume rate (i.e., the H21 and H2V
tests) and for which the minimum or
intermediate air volume rate is 75
PO 00000
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Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate,
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.029
units of watts, using:
EP24MR22.028
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
b. Evaluate average electrical power, Eh (35)
(ii) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all cyclic heating tests that
specify the heating full-load air volume
rate (i.e., the H1C2 test)—increase qcyc by
the amount calculated using Equation
3.5–9. Additionally, increase ecyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5–
8.
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all
cyclic heating tests (i.e., the H1C and
H1C1 tests)—increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5–9.
Additionally, increase ecyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5–
8.
In making these calculations, use the
˙ S)
average indoor air volume rate (V
determined from the section 3.7 of this
appendix steady-state heating mode test
conducted at the same test conditions.
*
*
*
*
*
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
k
increase Qh (35) by
.
1130BtuJ
h
lO00scfm
*
Vs, and
331 W
· k
16875
·
mcrease Eh (35) by,---*
Vs.
1000 scfm
(ii) For two-stage and variable-speed
systems, for all frost accumulation tests
that specify the heating full-load air
increase Q/(35) by
.
volume rate or the heating nominal air
volume rate (i.e., the H22 test) or tests
using a minimum or intermediate air
13s5Btu;
h
1000 scfm
, k
volume rate that is greater than 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
.
* Vs, and
406 W
·
mcrease Eh (35) by,---*
Vs.
1000 scfm
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all frost accumulation tests (i.e., the H2 test)-
increase Q/(35) by
.
13s5Btu;
h
1000 scfm
, k
.
* Vs, and
406 W
·
mcrease Eh (35) by,---*
Vs.
1000 scfm
volume rate or the heating intermediate
air volume rate (i.e., the H21 and H2V
tests) and for which the minimum or
intermediate air volume rate is 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate,
(2) For non-mobile home and nonspace-constrained ducted coil-only
systems,
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed
systems, for all frost accumulation tests
that specify the heating minimum air
122aBtu;
h
.
* Vs, and
lO00scfm
, k
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
increase Eh (35) by,
360W
lO00scfm
(ii) For two-stage and variable-speed
systems, for all frost accumulation tests
that specify the heating full-load air
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
* V,
S·
volume rate or the heating nominal air
volume rate (i.e., the H22 test) or tests
using a minimum or intermediate air
PO 00000
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Sfmt 4702
volume rate that is greater than 75
percent of the cooling full-load air
volume rate:
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.031 EP24MR22.032
k
increase Qh (35) by
EP24MR22.030
where V˙S is the average measured
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
16876
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
increase Q/(35) by
, k
1sosBtu;
.
* Vs, and
1000 scfm
h
441 W
·
increase Eh (35) by,---*
Vs,
1000 scfm
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all frost accumulation tests (i.e., the H2 test) -
increase Q/(35) by
, k
1sosBtu;
.
* Vs, and
1000 scfm
h
441 W
·
increase Eh (35) by,---*
Vs.
1000 scfm
where V˙S is the average measured
indoor air volume rate expressed in
units of cubic feet per minute of
standard air (scfm).
*
*
*
*
*
4.1.4 SEER2 Calculations for an Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump Having a
Variable-Speed Compressor
Calculate SEER2 using Equation 4.1–
1. Evaluate the space cooling capacity,
˙ ck=1(Tj), and electrical power
Q
consumption, E˙ck=1(Tj), of the test unit
when operating at minimum compressor
speed and outdoor temperature Tj.. Use,
Equation 4.1.4-1
Equation 4.1.4-2
Q~=v(1'j)
= Q~=v(87) + MQ * (Tj -
87)
Equation 4.1.4-4
E~=v(1'j)
= t:=v(87) +ME* (Tj -
87)
17:50 Mar 23, 2022
Jkt 256001
this appendix. Approximate the slopes
of the k=v intermediate speed cooling
PO 00000
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Sfmt 4702
capacity and electrical power input
curves, MQ and ME, as follows:
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.034 EP24MR22.035
communicating coil-only airconditioners or heat pumps, calculate
˙ ck=v(Tj),
the space cooling capacity, Q
and electrical power consumption,
E˙ck=v(Tj), of the test unit when operating
at outdoor temperature Tj and the
intermediate compressor speed used
during the section 3.2.4 (and Table 8) EV
test of this appendix using,
Equation 4.1.4-3
˙ ck=v(87) and E˙ck=v(87) are
where Q
determined from the EV test and
calculated as specified in section 3.3 of
VerDate Sep<11>2014
compressor speed and outdoor
temperature Tj. Use Equations 4.1.3–3
and 4.1.3–4, respectively, where
˙ ck=2(95) and E˙ck=2(95) are determined
Q
˙ ck=2(82) and E˙ck=2(82)
from the A2 test, Q
are determined from the B2 test, and all
four quantities are calculated as
specified in section 3.3 of this appendix.
For units other than variable-speed non-
EP24MR22.033
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
˙ ck=1(82) and E˙ck=1(82) are
where Q
˙ ck=1(67)
determined from the B1 test, Q
and E˙ck=1(67) are determined from the
F1 test, and all four quantities are
calculated as specified in section 3.3 of
this appendix. Evaluate the space
˙ ck=2(Tj), and
cooling capacity, Q
electrical power consumption, E˙ck=2(Tj),
of the test unit when operating at full
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16877
where,
N
Q
= Q~=V(87)-Q~=
1 (87)
and
Q~= 2 (87)-Q~= 1 cs1)
Use Equations 4.1.4–1 and 4.1.4–2,
˙ ck=1(87) and
respectively, to calculate Q
E˙ck=1(87).
*
*
*
*
*
qc(Tj)
N
=
= E~=V(87)-E~=
E
1 cs1)
E~= 2 (87)-E~= 1 (87)
4.1.4.2.1 Units That Are Not VariableSpeed Non-Communicating Coil-Only
Air Conditioners or Heat Pumps
match the building cooling load at
˙ ck=1(Tj) < BL(Tj) <
temperature Tj, Q
˙ ck=2(Tj).
Q
If the unit operates at an intermediate
compressor speed (k=i) in order to
= Q'ck=i(T·)
* nj
J
N
Where:
˙ ck=1(Tj) = BL(Tj), the space cooling
Q
capacity delivered by the unit in
tt=i(1j)
N
ec(Tj)
N
= Ek=i(T·)
* nj
c
J
N
matching the building load at
temperature Tj, in Btu/h. The matching
E;!:~\~~)
occurs with the unit operating at
compressor speed k = i.
the electrical power input required by the test unit when
operating at a compressor speed of k = i and temperature Tj, in W.
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the
cooling season, nj/N, from Table 19 of
this section. For each temperature bin
where the unit operates at an
intermediate compressor speed,
determine the energy efficiency ratio
EERk=i(Tj) using the following equations,
For each temperature bin where
˙ ck=v(Tj),
˙ ck=1(Tj) < BL(Tj) < Q
Q
where:
EERk=1(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when
operating at minimum compressor speed
and temperature Tj, in Btu/h per W,
˙ ck=1(Tj)
calculated using capacity Q
calculated using Equation 4.1.4–1 and
electrical power consumption E˙ck=1(Tj)
calculated using Equation 4.1.4–2;
EERk=v(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when
operating at intermediate compressor
speed and temperature Tj, in Btu/h per
˙ ck=v(Tj)
W, calculated using capacity Q
calculated using Equation 4.1.4–3 and
electrical power consumption E˙ck=v(Tj)
calculated using Equation 4.1.4–4;
EERk=2(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when
operating at full compressor speed and
temperature Tj, Btu/h per W, calculated
˙ ck=2(Tj) and electrical
using capacity Q
power consumption E˙ck=2(Tj), both
calculated as described in section 4.1.4
of this appendix; and
BL(Tj) is the building cooling load at
temperature Tj, Btu/h.
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24MRP2
EP24MR22.037 EP24MR22.038
EP24MR22.036
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EP24MR22.039
EERk=i(Tj) = the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when
operating at a compressor speed of k =
i and temperature Tj, Btu/h per W.
16878
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
capacity to satisfy the building cooling
˙ ck=1(Tj) < BL(Tj)
load at temperature Tj, Q
k=2
˙
< Qc (Tj).
4.1.4.2.2 Variable-Speed NonCommunicating Coil-Only Air
Conditioners or Heat Pumps
If the unit alternates between high
(k=2) and low (k=1) compressor
where:
X
k=l( ) _
(Tj)-BL(Tj)
½ - QC.Q~=
k=z( ·)-. k=ic ·)
Tl QC
Tl
2
.
.
the coohng mode, low capacity load factor for
temperature bin j (dimensionless); and
Xk=2(Tj) = 1¥Xk=1(Tj), the cooling mode,
high capacity load factor for
temperature bin j (dimensionless).
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the
cooling season, nj/N, from Table 19.
*
˙ ck=1(Tj), E˙ck=1(Tj), Q
˙ ck=2(Tj),
Obtain Q
and E˙ck=2(Tj) as described in section
4.1.4 of this appendix.
*
*
*
*
4.2 * * *
Evaluate the building heating load using
Equation 4.2-2
having a single-speed compressor, H12
for units having a two-capacity
compressor, and H1N test for units
having a variable-speed compressor, Btu/
h.
*
*
*
*
*
4.2.3 * * *
4.2.3.4 Heat Pump Must Operate
Continuously at High (k=2) Compressor
Capacity at Temperature Tj, BL(Tj) ≥
Qhk=2(Tj)
EP24MR22.041 EP24MR22.042
The calculation of the Equation 4.2–
1 quantities differ depending upon
whether the heat pump would operate
at low capacity (section 4.2.3.1 of this
appendix), cycle between low and high
capacity (section 4.2.3.2 of this
appendix), or operate at high capacity
(sections 4.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.4 of this
appendix) in responding to the building
load. For heat pumps that lock out low
capacity operation at low outdoor
temperatures, the outdoor temperature
at which the unit locks out must be that
specified by the manufacturer in the
certification report so that the
appropriate equations can be selected.
*
*
*
*
*
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where,
Tj = the outdoor bin temperature, °F;
Tzl = the zero-load temperature, °F, which
varies by climate region according to
Table 20;
C = slope (adjustment) factor, which varies
by climate region according to Table 20.
When calculating building load for a
variable-speed compressor system,
substitute CVS for C;
Qc(95 °F) = the cooling capacity at 95 °F
determined from the A or A2 test, Btu/
h. For heating-only heat pump units,
replace Qc(95 °F) in Equation 4.2–2 with
Qh(47 °F);
Qh(47 °F) = the heating capacity at 47 °F
determined from the H1 test for units
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16879
BL(1j) - [Q~= 2 * o'(1j)] nj
RH(Tj)
- - = ------=----*3.413:~
N
N
where:
0,
1
o'(1j) =
2'
1,
*
*
*
*
(
*
.
)
4.2.4 * * *
(
)
(
[
)-uc
]
(
)
) -=----------=-
For units other than variable-speed
non-communicating coil-only heat
pumps, evaluate the space heating
capacity, Qhk=1(Tj), and electrical power
a. Minimum Compressor Speed.
consumption, Ehk=1(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at minimum
compressor speed and outdoor
temperature Tj using
Equation 4.2.4-1
Q.hk=I(T-)
J
=
Q. k=1(47) + Q~=1(62)-Q~=1(47) * (T- - 47)· and
J
62-47
h
'
Equation 4.2.4-2
£k=l(T-)
h
+
£k=l(62) - £k=l(47)
h
h
* (T- - 47)
62 - 47
J
For variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only heat pumps,
when Tj is greater than or equal to 47
°F, evaluate the space heating capacity,
˙ hk=1(Tj), and electrical power
Q
consumption, E˙hk=1(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at minimum
compressor speed as described in
Equations 4.2.4–1 and 4.2.4–2,
respectively. When Tj is less than 47 °F,
evaluate the space heating capacity,
˙ hk=1(Tj), and electrical power
Q
consumption, E˙hk=1(Tj) using
EP24MR22.044
where Qhk=1(62) and Ehk=1(62) are
determined from the H01 test, Qhk=1(47)
and Ehk=1(47) are determined from the
H11 test, and all four quantities are
calculated as specified in section 3.7 of
this appendix.
J
£k=1(47)
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h
=
16880
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Equation 4.2.4-3
Q~=1(11)
[Q~= 1(47) - Q~= 1(35)] * (11 - 35)
47 - 35
'
.
[Qk= 1(35) - Qk=l(17)] * (T· - 17)
h
J
Qk=1(17) + h
h
35-17
'
Q~= 2 (Ti) * ( Q~= 1(17)/ Q~= 2 (17)) ,
, k-l
Qh - ( 35)
=
+
if 17 °F
if½
~ Tj
< 3 5 °F
< 17 °F
and
Equation 4.2.4-4
t~=1(11)
[Ek=l( 47) - £k=l(35)] * (T· - 35)
h
h
J
h
47 - 35
'
.
[Ek=l(35) - £k=l(17)] * (T· - 17)
Ek=1(17) + h
h
J
h
35-17
'
.
Ek=1(35)
=
+
E~= 2 (Ti) * (t~= 1(17)/ tt= 2 (17)),
½ < 35 °F
< 17 °F
variable-speed non-communicating coilonly heat pumps, evaluate the space
˙ hk=1(Tj), and
heating capacity, Q
electrical power consumption, E˙hk=1(Tj),
of the heat pump when operating at
minimum compressor speed and
outdoor temperature Tj using
EP24MR22.046
H31 test, and are calculated as specified
in section 3.10 of this appendix; and
˙ hk=2(Tj) and E˙hk=2(Tj) are calculated as
Q
described in section 4.2.4.c or 4.2.4.d of
this appendix, as appropriate.
b. Minimum Compressor Speed for
Minimum-speed-limiting Variablespeed Heat Pumps: For units other than
if½
~
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˙ hk=1(47) and E˙hk=1(47) are
where Q
determined from the H11 test, and both
quantities are calculated as specified in
˙ hk=1(35)
section 3.7 of this appendix; Q
and E˙hk=1(35) are determined from the
H21 test, and are calculated as specified
˙ hk=1(17)
in section 3.9 of this appendix; Q
and E˙hk=1(17) are determined from the
if 17 °F
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
16881
Equation 4.2.4-5
and
Equation 4.2.4-6
˙ hk=1(62) and E˙hk=1(62) are
where Q
˙ hk=1(47)
determined from the H01 test, Q
and E˙hk=1(47) are determined from the
H11 test, and all four quantities are
calculated as specified in section 3.7 of
˙ hk=v(35) and E˙hk=v(35)
this appendix; Q
are determined from the H2v test and are
calculated as specified in section 3.9 of
˙ hk=v(Tj) and
this appendix; and Q
{
· k=Z
Qh (l 7)
E˙hk=v(Tj) are calculated using equations
4.2.4–7 and 4.2.4–8, respectively.
For variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only heat pumps,
evaluate the space heating capacity,
˙ hk=1(Tj), and electrical power
Q
consumption, E˙hk=1(Tj), of the heat
pump as described in section 4.2.4.a,
using Equations 4.2.4–1, 4.2.4–2, 4.2.4–
3 and 4.2.4–4, as appropriate.
c. Full Compressor Speed for Heat
Pumps for which the H42 test is not
conducted.
Evaluate the space heating capacity,
˙ hk=2(Tj), and electrical power
Q
consumption, E˙hk=2(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at full
compressor speed and outdoor
temperature Tj using
(Q~=N(47))
[Q~;cizc(47) - Q~= 2 (17)] * (1j -17)}
+
47 - 17
* Q. k=Z (47) ,
Q.k=2(17)
h
. k=Zc
Qh
if 1j ~ 45 °F
hcalc
+
17
)
[Q~=zc35) - Q~=zc11)] * (Tj - 17)
35 - 17
+
if 17 OF::;; T
,
[Q~;cizc(47) - Q~= 2 (17)] * (1j -17)
4 7 _ 17
< 45 OF
J
,
if 1j
< 17 °F
EP24MR22.048
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and
16882
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Ek=2(T)
h
j if½
˙ hk=N(47) and E˙hk=N(47)
Determine Q
from the H1N test and the calculations
specified in section 3.7 of this appendix.
See section 3.6.4.b of this appendix
regarding determination of the capacity
˙ hcalck=2(47) and power input
Q
E˙hcaclk=2(47) used in the HSPF2
calculations to represent the H12 Test.
˙ hk=2(35) and E˙hk=2(35) from
Determine Q
the H22 test and the calculations
specified in section 3.9 of this appendix
or, if the H22 test is not conducted, by
conducting the calculations specified in
section 3.6.4 of this appendix.
˙ hk=2(17) and E˙hk=2(17) from
Determine Q
the H32 test and the methods specified
in section 3.10 of this appendix.
*
*
*
*
*
e. Intermediate Compressor Speed.
For units other than variable-speed non-
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not variable-speed non-communicating
coil-only heat pumps), Equations 4.2.4–
1, 4.2.4–2, 4.2.4–3 and 4.2.4–4 as
appropriate (for variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only heat pumps),
or Equations 4.2.4–5 and 4.2.4.-6 (for
minimum-speed-limiting variable-speed
heat pumps that are not variable-speed
non-communicating coil-only heat
˙ hk=1(Tj) and
pumps) to evaluate Q
E˙hk=1(Tj), respectively, and replace
section 4.2.3.1 references to ‘‘low
capacity’’ and section 3.6.3 of this
E:\FR\FM\24MRP2.SGM
24MRP2
EP24MR22.052
4.2.4.1 Steady-State Space Heating
Capacity When Operating at Minimum
Compressor Speed is Greater Than or
Equal to the Building Heating Load at
˙ hk=1(Tj ≥BL(Tj).
Temperature Tj, Q
EP24MR22.050 EP24MR22.051
Use Equations 4.2.4–1 and 4.2.4–2,
˙ hk=1(35) and
respectively, to calculate Q
˙Ehk=1(35), whether or not the heat pump
is a minimum-speed-limiting variablespeed heat pump.
For variable-speed noncommunicating coil-only heat pumps,
there is no intermediate speed.
EP24MR22.049
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and
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appendix with ‘‘minimum speed’’ and
section 3.6.4 of this appendix.
16883
4.2.4.2 Heat Pump Operates at an
Intermediate Compressor Speed (k=i)
or, for a Variable-Speed NonCommunicating Coil-Only Heat Pump,
Cycles Between High and Low Speeds,
in Order to Match the Building Heating
˙ hk=1(Tj)
Load at a Temperature Tj, Q
˙ hk=2(Tj).
EP24MR22.055
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BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 57 (Thursday, March 24, 2022)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 16830-16884]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-04269]
[[Page 16829]]
Vol. 87
Thursday,
No. 57
March 24, 2022
Part II
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Test Procedures for
Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 87 , No. 57 / Thursday, March 24, 2022 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 16830]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE-2021-BT-TP-0030]
RIN 1904-AF29
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Test Procedures
for Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to amend the
test procedures for central air conditioners and heat pumps that will
be required for certification of compliance with applicable energy
conservation standards starting January 1, 2023 to address a limited
number of specific issues. DOE is seeking comment from interested
parties on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposal no later than May 23, 2022. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details. DOE will hold a webinar on Monday, April
18, 2022, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for webinar registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the capabilities available to
webinar participants.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons
may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0030
by any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: to [email protected]. Include
docket number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0030 in the subject line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (``faxes'') will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on this
process, see section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including postal mail and hand
delivery/courier, the Department has found it necessary to make
temporary modifications to the comment submission process in light of
the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. DOE is currently suspending receipt of
public comments via postal mail and hand delivery/courier. If a
commenter finds that this change poses an undue hardship, please
contact Appliance Standards Program staff at (202) 586-1445 to discuss
the need for alternative arrangements. Once the COVID-19 pandemic
health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates resuming all of its
regular options for public comment submission, including postal mail
and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov.
All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov
index. However, some documents listed in the index, such as those
containing information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not
be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2021-BT-TP-0030. The docket web page contains instructions on how
to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See
section V for information on how to submit comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Catherine Rivest, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-7335. Email [email protected].
Mr. Pete Cochran, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-9496. Email: [email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting,
contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202)
287-1445 or by email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to maintain the following
previously approved incorporations by references in 10 CFR part 430:
ANSI/AHRI 210/240-2008 with Addenda 1 and 2, 2008 Standard for
Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved October 27, 2011;
ANSI/AHRI 1230-2010 with Addendum 2, 2010 Standard for Performance
Rating of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-Split Air-Conditioning
and Heat Pump Equipment, ANSI approved August 2, 2010.
Copies of AHRI 210/240-2008 and AHRI 1230-2010 can be obtained from
the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, 2111 Wilson
Boulevard, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201, (703) 524-8800, or by going
to www.ahrinet.org.
ANSI/ASHRAE 23.1-2010, Methods of Testing for Rating the
Performance of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and
Condensing Units that Operate at Subcritical Temperatures of the
Refrigerant, ANSI approved January 28, 2010;
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009, Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,
ANSI approved June 25, 2009;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1-2013, Standard Method for Temperature Measurement,
ANSI approved January 30, 2013;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.2-1987 (Reaffirmed 1992), ``Standard Methods for
Laboratory Airflow Measurement,'' ANSI approved April 20, 1992;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014, Standard Method for Humidity Measurement,
ANSI approved July 3, 2014;
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.9-2011, Standard Methods for Volatile-Refrigerant
Mass Flow Measurements Using Calorimeters, ANSI approved February 3,
2011;
ANSI/ASHRAE 116-2010, Methods of Testing for Rating Seasonal
Efficiency of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, ANSI approved
February 24, 2010.
Copies of ASHRAE 23.1-2010, ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1-
2013, ASHRAE 41.2-1987 (RA 1992), ASHRAE 41.6-2014, ASHRAE 41.9-2011,
and ASHRAE 116-2010 can be purchased from www.ashrae.org/resources_
publications.
ANSI/AMCA 210-2007, ANSI/ASHRAE 51-2007, Laboratory Methods of
Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating, Figure 2A
and Figure 12, ANSI approved August 17, 2007.
Copies of AMCA 210-2007 can be purchased from www.amca.org/store/index.php.
For a further discussion of these standards, see section IV.M of
this document.
[[Page 16831]]
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Deviation From Appendix A
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Topics Arising From Test Procedure Waivers
1. Fan Power at Reduced Airflows for Coil-Only Systems
2. Variable-Speed Coil-Only Test Procedure
3. Space-Constrained Coil-Only CAC Ratings
C. Other Test Procedure Revisions
1. Air Volume Rate Changing With Outdoor Conditions
2. Wet Bulb Temperature for H4 5 [deg]F Heating Tests
3. Hierarchy of Manufacturer Installation Instructions
4. Adjusting Airflow Measurement Apparatus To Achieve Desired
SCFM at Part-Load Conditions
5. Revision of Equations Representing Full-Speed Variable-Speed
Heat Pump Operation at and Above 45 [deg]F Ambient Temperature
6. Calculations for Triple-Capacity Northern Heat Pumps
7. Heating Nominal Air Volume Rate for Variable-Speed Heat Pumps
8. Clarifications for HSPF2 Calculation
9. Distinguishing Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps From
Commercial Equipment
10. Additional Test Procedure Revisions
D. Other Representation Proposed Revisions
1. Required Represented Values for Models Certified Compliant
With Regional Standards
E. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
F. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
C. Participation in the Webinar
D. Conduct of the Webinar
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Central air conditioners (``CACs'') and central air conditioning
heat pumps (``HPs'') (collectively, ``CAC/HPs'') are included in the
list of ``covered products'' for which DOE is authorized to establish
and amend energy conservation standards and test procedures (42 U.S.C.
6292(a)(3)). DOE's energy conservation standards and test procedures
for CAC/HPs are currently prescribed at title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (``CFR''), part 430 section 32(c), and 10 CFR part 430
subpart B appendices M (``Appendix M'') and M1 (``Appendix M1''). The
following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish test procedures
for CAC/HPs and relevant background information regarding DOE's
consideration of test procedures for this product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part B \2\ of EPCA established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles, which sets forth
a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. These
products include CAC/HPs,\3\ the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6292(a)(3))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was redesignated Part A.
\3\ This rulemaking uses the term ``CAC/HP'' to refer
specifically to central air conditioners (which include heat pumps)
as defined by EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6291(21))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA specifically include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6291),
test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296).
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their products comply with the applicable energy
conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)),
and (2) making representations about the efficiency of those consumer
products (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these test
procedures to determine whether the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for
particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures
and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
If the Secretary determines, on her own behalf or in response to a
petition by any interested person, that a test procedure should be
prescribed or amended, the Secretary shall promptly publish in the
Federal Register proposed test procedures and afford interested persons
an opportunity to present oral and written data, views, and arguments
with respect to such procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) The comment
period on a proposed rule to amend a test procedure shall be at least
60 days and may not exceed 270 days. Id. In prescribing or amending a
test procedure, the Secretary shall take into account such information
as the Secretary determines relevant to such procedure, including
technological developments relating to energy use or energy efficiency
of the type (or class) of covered products involved. (Id.)
DOE's regulations at 10 CFR 430.27 provide that any interested
person may seek a waiver from the test procedure requirements if
certain conditions are met. A waiver allows manufacturers to use an
alternate test procedure in situations in which the DOE test procedure
cannot be used to test the product or equipment, or use of the DOE test
procedure would generate unrepresentative results. 10 CFR 430.27(a)(1).
DOE's regulations at 10 CFR 430.27(l) require that as soon as
practicable after the granting of any waiver, DOE will publish in the
Federal Register a NOPR to amend its
[[Page 16832]]
regulations so as to eliminate any need for the continuation of such
waiver. As soon thereafter as practicable, DOE will publish in the
Federal Register a final rule. 10 CFR 430.27(l). DOE is publishing this
NOPR for the limited purpose of addressing its obligations under the
waiver process regulations at 10 CFR 430.27.
B. Background
As discussed, DOE's existing test procedures for CAC/HPs appear at
appendix M and appendix M1 (both titled ``Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps'').
On January 5, 2017, DOE published a final rule regarding the
Federal test procedure for CAC/HPs. 82 FR 1426 (``January 2017 Final
Rule''). The January 2017 Final Rule amended appendix M and established
appendix M1, use of which is required beginning January 1, 2023 for any
representations, including compliance certifications, made with respect
to the energy use or efficiency of CAC/HPs. appendix M provides for the
measurement of the cooling and heating performance of CAC/HPs using the
seasonal energy efficiency ratio (``SEER'') metric and heating seasonal
performance factor (``HSPF'') metric, respectively. appendix M1
specifies a revised SEER metric (i.e., SEER2) and a revised HSPF metric
(``HSPF2'').
Since the publication of the January 2017 Final Rule, DOE has
granted various petitions for waiver and interim waiver from certain
provisions of appendix M and/or M1.\4\ Additionally, DOE has become
aware of certain provisions in appendix M1 for which additional detail
and direction may be needed to avoid potential confusion and reduce
test burden. Therefore, DOE is proposing changes to improve the
functionality of appendix M1 to address these issues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ Waivers granted to GD Midea Heating and Ventilating
Equipment Co., Ltd. (83 FR 56065), Johnson Controls, Inc. (83 FR
12735 and 84 FR 52489), and TCL Air Conditioner (Zhongshan) Co.,
Ltd. (84 FR 11941);, interim waivers granted to National Comfort
Products, Inc. (83 FR 24754), Aerosys Inc. (83 FR 24762), LG
Electronics U.S.A., Inc. (85 FR 40272), and Goodman Manufacturing
Company, L.P. (86 FR 40534).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, on May 8, 2019, AHRI submitted a comment responding to
the notice of proposal to revise and adopt procedures, interpretations,
and policies for consideration of new or revised energy conservation
standards (2020 Process Rule NOPR, 84 FR 3910, Feb. 13, 2019). The
comment included as Exhibit 2 a ``List of Errors Found in both appendix
M and appendix M1'' (``AHRI Exhibit 2'', EERE-2017-BT-STD-0062-0117 at
pp. 23-24). Many of the errors pointed out by AHRI regard typographical
errors in appendix M and appendix M1. DOE is addressing these issues in
this rulemaking.
C. Deviation From Appendix A
In accordance with section 3(a) of 10 CFR part 430, subpart C,
appendix A (``Appendix A''), DOE notes that it is deviating from the
provision in appendix A regarding the early assessment process prior to
the NOPR stage to notify stakeholders that DOE is considering a
rulemaking to amend a test procedure and solicit comment on whether an
amended test procedure would more accurately measure energy efficiency,
energy use, water use (as specified in EPCA), or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use without being unduly burdensome to conduct or
reduce testing burden. DOE is opting to deviate from this provision by
proposing changes to the test procedure in this proposed rule without
first having gone through the early assessment process because DOE has
already been made aware by stakeholders that the test procedure for
CACs/HPs could be enhanced to improve repeatability,
representativeness, and accuracy, and reduce testing burden, and the
proposals in this document are aimed at addressing those issues.
Additionally, resolution of these issues has some urgency because the
test procedure the proposals address is required to be used for testing
starting on January 1, 2023. Hence, because DOE is aware that the test
procedure could be improved to be more repeatable and representative,
and less burdensome, a general early assessment process of request of
comments, data, and information prior to the NOPR stage is not
considered necessary.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NOPR''), DOE proposes to
update appendix M1 to subpart B of part 430, ``Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps.'' DOE has identified certain provisions of appendix M1 that may
benefit from additional detail and/or instruction. The proposed updates
are as follows:
(1) Adjusting the default fan power for two-stage coil-only systems
when testing at low stage with reduced air volume rate to be more
representative of fan input power trends as air volume rate reduces;
(2) Defining ``Variable-speed Communicating Coil-only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump'' and ``Variable-speed Non-communicating Coil-
only Central Air Conditioner or Heat Pump'' and establishing procedures
specific for testing such systems;
(3) Allowing the adjustment of the air volume rate as a function of
outdoor air temperature during testing for blower coil systems with
either multiple-speed or variable-speed indoor fans and with a control
system capable of adjusting air volume rate as function of outdoor air
temperature;
(4) Adjusting the maximum wet bulb temperature from 3 [deg]F to 4
[deg]F for the H4 test condition;
(5) Specifying in section 2(B) of appendix M1, that the
instructions presented in the labels attached to the unit take
precedence over the installation manuals printed and shipped with a
product;
(6) Specifying in sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.1.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of
appendix M1 that the airflow measurement apparatus fan must be adjusted
if necessary to maintain the same air volume rate for different test
conditions for systems not including multiple-speed or variable-speed
indoor fans with control system capability to adjust air volume rate as
function of operating conditions such as outdoor air temperature; and
(7) Revising the equations representing full-capacity operation of
variable-speed heat pumps at and above 45 [deg]F ambient temperature to
be consistent with the intent for nominal capacity operation.
Additionally, in this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NOPR''), DOE
proposes to update 10 CFR part 429, ``Certification, Compliance, and
Enforcement for Consumer Products and Commercial and Industrial
Equipment''. DOE has identified certain provisions of part 429 that may
benefit from additional detail and/or instruction. The proposed updates
are as follows:
(1) Clarifying the language for required represented values for
single-stage and two-stage coil-only CACs; and
(2) Providing additional direction regarding the regional standard
requirements in part 429.
DOE's proposed substantive actions are summarized in Table II.1
compared to the current test procedure as well as the reason for the
proposed change (``attribution''). Additional proposed
[[Page 16833]]
incidental changes are summarized in Tables III-2 and III-3 in section
III.C.10 of this document.
Table II-1--Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to
Current Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed test
Current DOE test procedure procedure Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calculate indoor fan power of Calculate indoor fan Improve
two-stage coil-only CACs and power of two-stage representativen
HPs using constant default coil-only CACs and ess.
fan power values that do not HPs for reduced air
vary with air volume rate volume rate tests
(441W/1000 scfm for most two- using new default fan
stage coil-only CACs and HPs power values air
and 406 W/1000 scfm for volume rate (360 W/
mobile-home and space- 1000 scfm for most
constrained CACs and HPs). two-stage coil-only
CACs and HPs and 331
W/1000 scfm for
mobile-home and space-
constrained CACs and
HPs).
No test procedure provisions Test procedures and Incorporate test
for variable-speed, coil-only requirements procedures
CACs and HPs. established for contained in
variable-speed coil- test procedure
only systems, include waivers.
new definitions for
``Variable-speed
Communicating Coil-
only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat
Pump'' and ``Variable-
speed Non-
communicating Coil-
only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat
Pump'', for which the
newly established
test procedures have
more flexibility.
Appendix M1 currently does not For blower coil Improve
explicitly allow for systems with multiple- representativen
variation of air volume rate speed or variable- ess for certain
as outdoor temperature speed indoor fans and models.
changes when testing blower the control system
coil systems. capability to adjust
air volume rate as a
function of outdoor
air temperature,
allow such air volume
rate variation during
testing.
Appendix M1 contains Amend the wet bulb Reduce test
provisions for conducting an test condition for burden by
optional H4 heating test at a the H4 test to be 4 reducing the
5 [deg]F outdoor ambient dry- [deg]F maximum time needed to
bulb temperature and, at a instead of the remove
maximum, a 3 [deg]F outdoor current condition of sufficient
wet-bulb temperature. 3 [deg]F maximum. moisture to
achieve the wet
bulb
requirement.
Clarification regarding which Add direction to Improve
form of installation prioritize the representativen
instructions to use, if instructions ess and
multiple forms are provided, presented in the repeatability.
only for VRF multisplit label attached to the
systems. unit over the
installation
instructions shipped
with the unit for all
CAC/HP products.
Appendix M1 currently is not Add specific Improve
clear about how to achieve instruction to adjust representativen
the same air volume rate for the airflow ess and
different test conditions. measurement apparatus repeatability.
fan but not the fan
of the unit under
test to achieve the
same air volume rate
for different tests.
The equations for full- Revise the equations Improve
capacity operation for for full-capacity representativen
variable-speed heat pumps at operation at and ess.
and above 45 [deg]F ambient above 45 [deg]F to be
temperature are based on more consistent with
operating in this range with compressor speed used
a compressor speed the same in normal operation
as its operation in 17 [deg]F for this temperature
ambient temperature. range, represented by
the nominal heating
test condition, H1N.
10 CFR part 429 provides Reinforce the language Improve clarity.
requirements regarding explaining regional
regional CAC/HP efficiency requirements.
standards.
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) provides Modify the Improve
requirements for represented instructions in that repeatability.
values of single-stage and section to improve
two-stage coil-only CACs that clarity without
can lead to different changing meaning.
interpretation.
10 CFR 430.2 defines central Add exclusions for Improved
air conditioner, excluding additional commercial representativen
two commercial package air- package air- ess.
conditioning and heating conditioning and
categories--packaged terminal heating categories
air conditioners and packaged that justifiably are
terminal heat pumps. not central air
conditioners.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
As mentioned previously, DOE is also fixing typographical errors in
appendix M and appendix M1 that were commented upon by AHRI. DOE is
addressing these issues in this rulemaking.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1), DOE is required to determine whether an
amended test procedure will alter the measured energy use of any
covered product. If an amended test procedure does alter measured
energy use, DOE is required to make a corresponding adjustment to the
applicable energy conservation standard to ensure that minimally
compliant covered products remain compliant. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) DOE
has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments described in
section III of this NOPR would not alter the measured efficiency of
CAC/HPs that are rated using the test procedure that is currently
required for testing, i.e., appendix M. The proposals applicable for
appendix M are simply fixing errors within the current test procedure.
With respect to appendix M1, many of the proposals clarify test
procedures rather than making changes that would affect the
measurements. Variable-speed coil-only systems are not addressed
currently in appendix M, so this proposal is establishing a method of
test for those products. For two-stage coil-only systems, DOE is
proposing to adjust the fan power to be more representative as further
described in section X, which DOE believes will slightly improve the
measured efficient of these combinations as compared to their current
representative values. Given that two-sage combinations are not
representative of minimally compliant combinations, DOE has tentatively
determined that this proposal would not require an adjustment to the
energy conservation standard for central air conditioners and heat
pumps to ensure that minimally compliant central air conditioners and
heat pumps would remain compliant. Additionally, DOE has tentatively
determined that the proposed amendments, if made final, would not
increase the cost of testing. Discussion of DOE's proposed actions are
addressed in detail in section III of this NOPR.
[[Page 16834]]
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
DOE is proposing to amend the test procedures at appendix M1 for
CAC/HP and to implement a few minor clerical revisions to the test
procedures at appendix M. A Central air conditioner or central air
conditioner heat pump is defined as a product, other than a packaged
terminal air conditioner or packaged terminal heat pump, which is
powered by single phase electric current, air cooled, rated below
65,000 British thermal units per hour (``Btu/h''), not contained within
the same cabinet as a furnace, the rated capacity of which is above
225,000 Btu/h, and is a heat pump or a cooling unit only. A central air
conditioner or central air conditioning heat pump may consist of: A
single-package unit; an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units; an
indoor unit only; or an outdoor unit with no match. In the case of an
indoor unit only or an outdoor unit with no match, the unit must be
tested and rated as a system (combination of both an indoor and an
outdoor unit). 10 CFR 430.2.
Appendix M1 applies to the following CACs/HPs:
(a) Split-system air conditioners, including single-split, multi-
head mini-split, multi-split (including VRF), and multi-circuit
systems;
(b) Split-system heat pumps, including single-split, multi-head
mini-split, multi-split (including VRF), and multi-circuit systems;
(c) Single-package air conditioners;
(d) Single-package heat pumps;
(e) Small-duct, high-velocity systems (including VRF);
(f) Space-constrained products--air conditioners; and
(g) Space-constrained products--heat pumps.
See Section 1.1 of appendix M1.
DOE is not proposing to change the scope of CACs/HPs covered by
appendix M1.
B. Topics Arising From Test Procedure Waivers
1. Fan Power at Reduced Airflows for Coil-Only Systems
Coil-only systems are indoor units that are distributed in commerce
without an indoor blower or separate designated air mover. Such systems
installed in the field rely on a separately installed furnace or a
modular blower for indoor air movement. Because coil-only CAC/HPs do
not include their own indoor fan to circulate air, the DOE test
procedures prescribe equations that are used to calculate the assumed
(i.e., ``default'') power input and heat output of an average furnace
fan with which the test procedure assumes the indoor coil is pared in a
field installation. The resulting fan power input value is added to the
electrical power consumption measured during testing. The resulting fan
heat output value is subtracted from the measured cooling capacity of
the CAC/HP for cooling mode tests and added to the measured heating
capacity for heating mode tests. In appendix M1, separate fan power and
fan heat equations are provided for different types of coil-only
systems (i.e., the equations for mobile home or space-constrained are
different than for ``conventional'' non-mobile home and non-space-
constrained). In each equation, the measured airflow rate (in cubic
feet per minute of standard air (``scfm'')) is multiplied by a defined
coefficient (expressed in Watts (``W'') per 1,000 scfm (``W/1000
scfm'') for fan power, and British Thermal Units (``Btu'') per hour
(``Btu/h'') per 1,000 scfm (``Btu/h/1000 scfm'') for fan heat),
hereafter referred to as the ``default fan power coefficient'' and
``default fan heat coefficient.''
In appendix M, the default fan power coefficient is defined as 365
W/1000 scfm, and the default fan heat coefficient is defined as 1,250
Btu/h/1000 scfm.\5\ (appendix M, section 3.3.d). For testing of two-
stage coil-only systems, appendix M requires testing at two load
conditions: (1) Full-load, operating at full compressor stage, and (2)
low-load (also referred to as part-load), operating at the lower
compressor stage. The test procedure defines the relative air volume
rates to use for each test; in general, the part-load test has a lower
air volume rate than the full-load test.\6\ For both the default fan
power coefficient and default fan heat coefficient, the same
coefficient is used for both the full-load and part-load tests.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ For example, for a CAC/HP test conducted at an airflow rate
of 1640 scfm, the default fan power would be calculated as (365 W/
1000 scfm x 1,640 scfm = 599 W); and the default fan heat would be
calculated as (1,250 Btu/1000 scfmh x 1,640 scfm = 2,050 Btu/h).
\6\ Specifically, the indoor air volume rate to be used for
testing at part-load (i.e., the ``cooling minimum air volume rate'')
is the higher of (1) the rate specified by the installation
instructions included with the unit by the manufacturer, or (2) 75
percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate (see section
3.1.4.2.c of appendix M).
\7\ For example, for a two-stage coil-only system that has a
cooling full-load air volume rate of 1,640 scfm and a cooling
minimum (i.e., part-load) air volume rate of 1,230, the default fan
power at full load would be calculated as (365 W/1000 scfm x 1,640
scfm = 599 W); and default fan power at part-load would be
calculated as (365 W/1000 scfm x 1,230 scfm = 449 W).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The January 2017 Final Rule adopted certain values in appendix M1
to be more representative of field conditions, as compared to appendix
M (i.e., consistent with indoor fan power consumption at the increased
minimum required external static pressures defined in appendix M1). 82
FR 1426, 1451-1453. Specifically, appendix M1 defines separate default
fan power coefficients and default fan heat coefficients for coil-only
systems intended for installation in mobile-home applications and for
space-constrained systems, as opposed to those intended for all other
``conventional'' applications. Id. Specifically, for coil-only units
installed in mobile-home and space-constrained systems, appendix M1
defines a default fan power coefficient of 406 W/1000 scfm and a
default fan heat coefficient of 1,385 Btu/h/1000 scfm. For coil-only
units installed in conventional (i.e., non-mobile-home and non-space-
constrained) systems, appendix M1 defines a default fan power
coefficient of 441 W/1000 scfm and a default fan heat coefficient of
1,505 Btu/h/1000 scfm. (10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix M1,
section 3.3.d). As with appendix M, in appendix M1, for both the
default fan power coefficient and default fan heat coefficient, the
same coefficient is used for both the full-load and part-load tests.
In updating the default fan power coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients for coil-only systems in appendix M1, DOE relied on indoor
fan electrical power consumption data collected from product
literature, testing, and exchanges with manufacturers during a previous
furnace fan rulemaking (see 79 FR 500, 506; Jan. 3, 2014) to determine
appropriate values for these coefficients for coil-only products. 80 FR
69277, 69318.
By letter dated September 7, 2021, Nortek filed a petition for
waiver and interim waiver from the test procedure for CAC/HPs set forth
in appendix M1.\8\ Specifically, Nortek requested waivers for basic
models of ducted, coil-only, two-stage CAC/HPs. Nortek asserted that
appendix M1 contains errors in the calculations for capacity adjustment
and power consumption for the indoor fan at part-load conditions
resulting from a faulty assumption of default fan wattage at reduced
airflows. (Nortek, EERE-2021-BT-WAV-0025, No. 1 at p. 1) Nortek
asserted that by applying the same default fan power coefficient and
default fan heat coefficient to both the full-load and part-load tests,
appendix M1 incorrectly establishes a linear
[[Page 16835]]
relationship between indoor airflow and fan power (and fan heat);
whereas, according to Nortek, a cubic relationship should be applied
instead, citing the theoretical fan affinity laws that describe the
relationship between fan power and airflow. (Nortek, EERE-2021-BT-WAV-
0025, No. 1 at p. 2) Nortek recommended an alternate test procedure
that would define lower default fan power coefficients and default fan
heat coefficients for the part-load tests, instead of applying the same
coefficients to both the full-load and part-load tests, as is done in
appendix M1. (Nortek, EERE-2021-BT-WAV-0025, No. 1 at pp. 4-9)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ As noted, appendix M1 is the test procedure applicable to
CAC/HPs beginning January 1, 2023.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On November 16, 2021, DOE published a notification that announced
its receipt of the petition for waiver and denial of Nortek's petition
for an interim waiver. 86 FR 63357 (``Notification of Petition for
Waiver''). In the Notification of Petition for Waiver, DOE noted that
applying the modified default fan power coefficients and default fan
heat coefficients in appendix M1 to products such as those that are the
subject of Nortek's petition was determined to be representative of the
systems' performance and reflected the adoption of the recommendations
of a working group formed to negotiate a notice of proposed rulemaking
for energy conservation standards for CAC/HPs; and that the modified
coefficients were subject to public comment during the 2016 test
procedure rulemaking for CAC/HPs. 82 FR 1426, 1452 (January 5, 2017).
DOE also noted that Nortek commented in support of the modified
coefficients during the 2016 rulemaking. Id.
In response to the issue raised by Nortek, DOE re-examined the
furnace fan electrical power consumption data collected for the furnace
fans rulemaking (see 79 FR 506, Jan. 3, 2014) that was used to develop
the default fan power coefficients and default fan heat coefficients
for coil-only products in appendix M1. In establishing the current
coefficients, for each furnace fan in DOE's furnace fan dataset, DOE
developed correlations of airflow and power consumption as functions of
external static pressure (``ESP''), and then applied those correlations
to a reference ductwork system curve to predict the actual operating
airflow and power consumption at each fan speed setting for the furnace
fan.
DOE has extended the prior analysis to examine both full-load and
part-load air volume rates.\9\ DOE correlated the predicted power
consumption with the predicted air volume rate for each furnace fan to
determine adjusted values of the default fan power coefficients that
may result in a more representative estimate of fan power and fan heat
at reduced airflow conditions, compared to the coefficients currently
defined in appendix M1. DOE's analysis indicates that at a reduced air
volume rate of 75 percent, the average indoor fan power coefficient
would be 360 W/1000 scfm for coil-only CAC/HPs in a conventional (i.e.,
non-mobile-home and non-space-constrained) installation. For mobile-
home and space-constrained systems, to the average indoor fan power
coefficient would be 331 W/1000 scfm. DOE also calculated the
associated fan heat coefficients associated with these power input
levels. The average indoor fan heat coefficients would be 1,228 Btu/hr/
1000 scfm and 1,130 Btu/h/1000 scfm for conventional (i.e., non-mobile-
home and non-space-constrained) and mobile-home/space-constrained
installations, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ To ensure consistency across analyses, DOE aggregated the
data by applying market weightings to each type and brand of furnace
model, using the same market shares that were used in the previous
analysis for the 2016 CAC TP Rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The analysis conducted by DOE resulted in higher default fan power
coefficients and default fan heat coefficients at the reduced 75
percent air volume rate than the values presented in the Nortek waiver
petition. DOE tentatively concludes that its analysis is a more
appropriate representation of average furnace fan power consumption
than the results presented by Nortek for the following reasons: (1)
DOE's analysis relied on test and specification data from a collection
of actual furnaces operating at reduced air volume rates, whereas the
Nortek analysis derived default fan power values using a theoretical
relationship between full-load and part-load conditions; (2) DOE's
analysis applied the same weighting factors that were used to develop
the full-load default values during the 2016 CAC TP Rulemaking, whereas
Nortek's analysis introduced new weighting factors and motor efficiency
data without indicating the source of the data; and (3) DOE's analysis
considered performance data from an additional type of fan motor not
considered by Nortek (specifically, constant-torque brushless-
permanent-magnet ``X13'' motors). Therefore, in this NOPR DOE proposes
to amend the default fan power coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients for coil-only fan power when operating at reduced air
volume rates to reflect the results of its analysis. Specifically, when
operating at 75 percent air volume rate (or higher manufacturer-
specified air volume rate that is between the 75 percent air volume
rate and the full-load air volume rate as described in appendix M1,
section 3.1.4.2.c), DOE proposes to specify for ducted two-capacity
coil-only systems a default fan power coefficient of 360 W/1000 scfm
and a default fan heat coefficient of 1,228 Btu/h/1000 scfm for units
installed in conventional systems; and a default fan power coefficient
of 331 W/1000 scfm and a default fan heat coefficient of 1,130 Btu/h/
1000 scfm for mobile home and space-constrained systems.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ For example, under DOE's proposed changes to Appendix M1,
for a two-stage coil-only system in a conventional application that
has a cooling full-load air volume rate of 1,640 scfm and a cooling
minimum (i.e., part-load) air volume rate of 1,230, the default fan
power at full load would be calculated as (441 W/1000 scfm x 1,640
scfm = 723 W); and default fan power at part-load would be
calculated as (371 W/1000 scfm x 1,230 scfm = 456 W).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The reduced air volume rate used for low-stage operation of two-
stage coil-only systems may be higher than 75 percent of the full-load
air volume rate, if the manufacturer's instructions specify a higher
part-load air volume rate. DOE is proposing that in such cases, the
default fan power values associated with full-load air volume rate be
used. However, the appropriate default fan power coefficient and
default fan heat coefficient may be values between the reduced values
discussed above and the values used for full-load air volume rate. For
such cases, DOE could consider alternative options, other than
requiring use of the full-load air volume default fan power and fan
heat coefficients. Two alternative options include (1) allowing the
reduced value up to a threshold value, e.g., 80 percent of full-load
air volume rate, above which the full-load value would be required, and
(2) requiring a linear interpolation of the default fan power
coefficient between the reduced value at 75 percent of full-load air
volume rate to the full-load value at 100 percent.\11\ DOE seeks
comment on whether one these alternate approaches should be adopted
instead of the proposed use of the single reduced coefficients for the
category discussed previously.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ For example, for non-mobile-home and non-space-constrained
systems, if a linear interpolation of the default fan power
coefficient is required, it would be equal to 371 + (441-
371)*(%FLAVR-75%)/(100%-75%), where %FLAVR is the reduced air volume
rate used for the test expressed as a percentage of the full load
air volume rate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on its proposal to specify a reduced default
fan power coefficient and default fan heat coefficient at part-load
airflows in the calculations of SEER2 and HSPF2
[[Page 16836]]
for ducted two-stage coil-only systems. DOE requests comment on the
specific default fan power coefficients and default fan heat
coefficients proposed. If the proposed values are not appropriate, DOE
seeks data to support selection of alternative values. Additionally,
DOE requests comment on whether a single default fan power coefficient
(and default fan heat coefficient) should be used for each product
class group regardless of the actual air volume rate used for low-stage
tests, or whether one of the alternative approaches discussed in the
NOPR should be considered, or any other alternative. DOE also requests
comment on whether any two-stage systems use a part-load air volume
rate higher than 75 percent of the full-load air volume rate, and if
so, whether the ratio is a value less than 100 percent.
2. Variable-Speed Coil-Only Test Procedure
As discussed, appendix M1 contains provisions for testing split-
system CAC/HPs equipped with ``coil only'' indoor units that, in a
field installation, are paired with an existing furnace or other air
handler in order to circulate conditioned air through ductwork. These
provisions apply to single-stage and two-stage systems.\12\ appendix M1
does not include provisions for testing variable-speed systems equipped
with coil-only indoor units.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ Section 3.1.4.2 (cooling minimum air volume rate), section
3.1.4.3 (cooling intermediate air volume rate), and section 3.1.4.6
(heating intermediate air volume rate) of appendix M1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since the publication of the January 2017 Final Rule, DOE has
granted test procedure waivers to GD Midea Heating & Ventilating
Equipment Co., Ltd. (``GD Midea'') (83 FR 56065 (Nov. 9, 2018)) and TCL
air conditioner (zhongshan) Co. Ltd. (``TCL AC'') (84 FR 11941 (Mar.
29, 2019)), and an interim waiver for LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc.
(``LGE'') (85 FR 40272 (July 6, 2020)), for specified basic models of
variable-speed, coil-only CAC/HPs. In each of these cases, the
petitioners identified their variable-speed coil only systems as ``non-
communicative'' systems for which compressor speed varies based only on
controls located on the outdoor unit, and for which the indoor unit
maintains a constant indoor blower fan speed (see, e.g., 83 FR 24767,
24769 (May 30, 2018)). As required under the specified alternate test
procedures, the subject systems must be tested according to the
appendix M provisions applicable to variable-speed systems (e.g., three
different compressor speeds in the cooling mode), except that the
subject systems must be tested using the full-load cooling air volume
rate at all test conditions, commensurate with the constant indoor
blower fan speed that these units would experience (GD Midea, EERE-
2017-BT-WAV-0060, No. 1, pp. 1-3; TCL, EERE-2018-BT-WAV-0013, No. 1,
pp. 2-4; LG, EERE-2019-BT-WAV-0023, No. 1, pp 3-4). DOE notes that the
waivers for these models were granted for appendix M only and will
expire on Jan 1, 2023--the date when use of appendix M1 becomes
required for any representations, including compliance certifications,
made with respect to the energy use, power, or efficiency of CAC/HPs.
DOE notes also that the waivers for ``non-communicative'' variable-
speed coil-only systems did not address comprehensively how the outdoor
units are controlled to turn on or off in cooling mode or in heating
mode, nor how the compressor speeds are set to match the internal
building load. Regarding the latter, the waivers indicated only that
``compressor speed varies based only on controls located on the outdoor
unit'' (GD Midea, EERE-2017-BT-WAV-0060, No. 1, p. 6; TCL, EERE-2018-
BT-WAV-0013, No. 1, p. 4; LG, EERE-2019-BT-WAV-0023, No. 1, pp 2). DOE
did not receive information in the waiver petitions regarding, nor has
it evaluated, the compressor speed selections used for different test
conditions specified in appendix M or appendix M1. Further, DOE has not
compared these speed selections with those used by blower-coil variable
speed systems for the same test conditions. Based on the information
received and evaluated, DOE has yet to receive sufficient evidence that
can be relied on to conclude that the alternate test procedures
specified in the waivers are representative of average use cycles of
CAC/HPs other than those subject to the granted waivers, as required by
EPCA for DOE test procedures.
DOE has also granted an interim test procedure waiver to Goodman
Manufacturing Company, L.P. (``Goodman'') (86 FR 40534 (July 28, 2021))
for their basic models of variable-speed, coil-only CAC/HPs. Unlike the
aforementioned test procedure waivers, Goodman represented, and
supported in their petition, that their systems have communicative
controls, where both the outdoor unit and indoor coil communicate with
each other to control both the variable-speed compressor and multi-
speed indoor fan. 86 FR 40534, 40539. As a result, the alternate test
procedure prescribed under the interim waiver requires use of two
different indoor air volume rates during testing to simulate the
impacts of communicative control that would be realized in a typical
field installation. 86 FR 40534, 40538. Specifically, the Goodman
waiver requires use of the cooling full-load air volume rate for the
full-load cooling and full-load heating tests; and the cooling minimum
air volume rate for the cooling minimum, heating minimum, cooling
intermediate, and heating intermediate tests. Id.
In response to the notice of petition for waiver, Rheem questioned
the approach of the alternate test procedure in specifying two
different indoor air volume rates during testing of these basic models.
(Rheem, EERE-2021-BT-WAV-0001, No. 7 at p. 1). Rheem expressed concern
that the alternate test procedure would allow Goodman an unfair
competitive advantage, (i.e., by allowing reduced airflow rates at low-
load test conditions while other variable-speed coil-only products
would be required to test at full-load cooling air volume rate for all
test conditions), that it would be unlikely that installers would
correctly install the communicative products to enable the indoor fan
control requested in Goodman's proposed alternate test procedure, and
that most furnace fans currently installed are not capable of adding
controls to set multiple airflow rates. In response to the Rheem
comment, Goodman stated that almost all two-stage coil-only ratings
today utilize a lower indoor air volume rate for low-stage compressor
operation, and highlighted training procedures and other best-practices
put in place to ensure proper installation of communicating systems.
(Goodman, EERE-2021-BT-WAV-0001, No. 8 at pp. 1-4)
As stated in a final rule published in 2005, use of a lower air
volume rate for low-stage operation is based on the assumption that the
two-capacity coil-only unit would most often be used with an existing
multi-tap furnace blower (i.e., a furnace fan capable of multiple
speeds). 70 FR 59122, 59128 (October 11, 2005). The two-stage coil-only
test provisions in the DOE test procedure are premised on the
installation location having two-stage thermostat wiring (Final Rule
Technical Supporting Document, EERE-2014-BT-STD-0048, No. 98, p. 8-25).
DOE similarly assumes the presence of the necessary wiring for the
installation of variable-speed systems.
As mentioned in the notification of the interim waiver issued in
response to the Goodman petition, DOE reviewed numerous materials
relevant to the control of the Goodman variable-speed coil-only system,
including additional materials Goodman provided in support of the
petition. 86 FR 40534, 40537 (July
[[Page 16837]]
28, 2021). These materials included installation manuals and other
information that confirmed similarities between the system's control
and the control of more conventional variable-speed blower-coil systems
(including the use of communicating controls), providing justification
for claims that the alternate test procedure specified in the waiver
would be representative of average use.
DOE notes that Goodman's interim waiver was granted for both
appendix M and appendix M1. The waiver for appendix M will expire on
the date representations are required to be based on testing according
to appendix M1 (Jan 1, 2023), and the waiver for appendix M1 will
expire on the date on which use of an amended test procedure that
addresses the issues presented in the Goodman waiver is required to
demonstrate compliance. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3).
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to add testing provisions addressing
variable-speed coil-only systems in appendix M1. DOE also proposes to
define ``communicating control'' in the context of variable-speed,
coil-only CAC/HPs in order to differentiate between the test procedure
provisions that would be applicable to communicating systems from those
applicable to non-communicating systems.
DOE is proposing provisions as generally prescribed in the relevant
waivers, except that DOE is proposing to require that all variable-
speed coil-only systems, regardless of communicative capability, would
be tested using the cooling minimum air volume rate for the cooling
minimum, heating minimum, cooling intermediate, and heating
intermediate tests. This proposal is consistent with the conditions
specified in the interim waiver granted to Goodman. DOE further
proposes to require that non-communicative variable-speed coil-only
systems be tested using the newly proposed provisions for variable-
speed compressor with non-communicating coil-only systems (i.e.,
eliminating the EV test for cooling and H2V for
heating as well as including H22, H21 and
H31 for heating), whereas systems that meet the newly
proposed criteria for ``communicating'' control would follow the
existing variable-speed test procedure.
Regarding indoor air volume rate, the proposed test procedure would
utilize the same procedure as for ducted two-capacity coil-only units.
As discussed previously, the two-stage coil-only test procedure is
premised on the capability of controlling an existing multi-tap furnace
fan at two air volume rates for cooling operation. DOE is not proposing
to amend this approach. DOE is proposing to apply a similar approach to
the testing of variable-speed coil-only systems. As such, DOE proposes
to align the requirements for minimum air volume rate between two-
capacity and variable-speed coil-only indoor units, regardless of
communicating capabilities. This includes adopting the reduced default
fan power and default fan heat coefficients at reduced air volume rates
discussed in section I.B.1. However, if the system does not include the
capability to control an existing furnace fan at two air volume rates,
the manufacturer has the option of specifying minimum/intermediate air
volume rates equal to the full-load air volume rate. Regarding
compressor speed, the proposed test procedure would limit use of the
variable-speed testing provisions to those systems meeting the newly
proposed criteria for communicating control.
As previously stated, the test procedure for two-stage coil-only
systems is premised on the system using a two-stage thermostat and
associated wiring that responds to indoor temperature measurements and
sends voltage signals that enable two-stage control of both the
compressor speed and the indoor fan speed. A more sophisticated control
approach is required to enable a variable speed system to modulate
compressor speed control (e.g., proprietary thermostat, serial
communication wiring, and/or electronic sensors at the indoor coil).
DOE proposes to define ``Communicating Variable-speed Coil-only Central
Air Conditioner or Heat Pump'' in section 1.2 of appendix M1 to
distinguish variable-speed coil-only systems with such control as the
following:
Variable-Speed Communicating Coil-Only Central Air Conditioner or
Heat Pump means a variable-speed compressor system having a coil-only
indoor unit that is installed with a control system that (a)
communicates the difference in space temperature and space setpoint
temperature (not a setpoint value inferred from on/off thermostat
signals) to the control that sets compressor speed; (b) provides a
signal to the indoor fan to set fan speed appropriate for compressor
staging and air volume rate; and (c) has installation instructions
indicating that the required control system meeting both (a) and (b)
must be installed.
DOE also proposes to define variable-speed systems that do not have
this communicating feature as the following:
Variable-Speed Non-communicating Coil-Only Central Air Conditioner
or Heat Pump means a variable-speed compressor system having a coil-
only indoor unit that does not meet the definition of variable-speed
communicating coil-only central air conditioner or heat pump.
Variable-speed coil-only systems that meet the ``communicating''
definition would be tested like any other variable-speed system, except
that the heating full-load air volume rate would be equal to the
cooling full-load air volume rate, and the intermediate and minimum
cooling and heating air volume rates would all be the higher of (1) the
rate specified by the installation instructions included with the unit
by the manufacturer, and (2) 75 percent of the full-load cooling air
volume rate.
DOE proposes that those variable-speed coil-only systems that are
not ``communicating'' as defined above would be tested with additional
limitations as if they have some variable-speed system characteristics
and some two-stage coil-only system characteristics. Specifically, (a)
the outdoor unit and/or the indoor unit would be provided with a
control signal indicating operation at high or low stage, rather than
testing with compressor speed fixed at specified speeds, and (b) air
volume rates would be determined consistent with the requirement for
two-stage coil-only systems. A key implication of (a) is that there
would be no intermediate compressor speed operation. Many of the
requirements associated with variable-speed operation would, however,
be retained. For example, such systems would be allowed to have
``minimum speed-limiting'' control for heat pump mode (see the
alternative calculations representing minimum-speed operation in
appendix M1, section 4.2.4.b). The test method for non-communicating
variable-speed coil-only systems would include requiring tests for
minimum-speed operation for both the 35 [deg]F and 17 [deg]F heating
test conditions so that the HSPF2 calculations utilize test results for
appropriate compressor speeds. Also, the full compressor speed during
heating mode operation would be allowed to vary with outdoor
temperature, there would be an H1N test to represent the
nominal capacity, and the same provisions for calculation of full-speed
capacity and power applied to conventional variable-speed systems would
be used (see, e.g., the calculations in appendix M1, sections 3.6.4,
4.2.4.c, and 4.2.4.d). If a manufacturer chooses to run the optional
H12 test (i.e. if compressor speed for the H1N
test is different than compressor speed for the H32 test,
and
[[Page 16838]]
the manufacturer chooses to run the H12 test rather than use
the standardized slope factors described in appendix M1 section
3.6.4.b), then the test would be run with over-ride of compressor speed
using the same speed as used for the H32 test--this is the
only test for which such over-ride would be allowed.
To ensure consistency of testing, it may be necessary for
manufacturers to certify whether a variable-speed coil-only rating is
based on non-communicating or communicating control. However, this
change is not being proposed in this NOPR and may be considered in a
separate rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its proposals related to test procedures
for variable-speed coil-only CAC/HPs and on its proposed definitions
for variable-speed communicating and non-communicating coil-only CAC/
HPs.
DOE recognizes that there may be variable-speed control technology
that cannot be tested according to the proposed test approach described
previously for non-communicating variable-speed coil-only systems.
Specifically, the test approach may not result in tests that meet the
stability requirements for testing (i.e., the measurements might not
meet the tolerance requirements in Table 2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009,
``Methods of Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-
Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,'' (``ASHRAE 37-2009''), which is
incorporated by reference by the DOE test procedure). Or the proposed
test procedure might evaluate such a basic model in a manner so
unrepresentative of its true energy consumption characteristics as to
provide materially inaccurate comparative data. In this case, the
manufacturer may petition DOE for a waiver and include a suggested
alternate test procedure. See 10 CFR 430.27. As part of its review of
such a waiver and alternate test procedure, DOE would consider the
correlation between results of a suggested alternate test procedure and
results of testing when using the two-stage two-wire controls expected
to be available in a general coil-only system installation, recognizing
that the latter testing may involve dynamics that exceed the
measurement tolerances discussed above. DOE would also consider the
control hardware involved in achieving appropriate control for indoor
and outdoor conditions and some understanding of how the control works.
DOE is aware that installations using non-communicating controls
may not be limited only to variable-speed coil-only systems, but could
also occur with variable-speed blower-coil systems. DOE's proposal
makes a distinction between the testing approach used for coil-only
configurations and the testing approach used for blower-coil
configurations. As coil-only installations are much more likely than
blower-coil installations to involve use of both the existing furnace
fan and existing controls, the test procedure should be reflective of
coil-only installations because they are more representative than
blower coil installations.
DOE has considered whether the current test procedures for
variable-speed systems generally give manufacturers too much
flexibility in specifying fixed settings of the compressor and indoor
fan for testing without requiring the selected settings to be
demonstrated using native control testing. DOE is well aware that there
is ongoing work addressing questions about whether the current DOE test
procedure for variable-speed systems is fully representative of native
control operation. However, DOE has initiated this rulemaking not as a
comprehensive revision that will satisfy the 7-year lookback
requirements (see 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)), but instead as an action
that will address a focused group of known issues, including those that
have been raised through the test procedure waiver process. Thus, DOE
is limiting its proposals addressing potential concerns about variable-
speed systems to coil-only systems, for which there are clear
differences in system controls architecture, particularly when using
non-communicating controls, which impact the performance of these
systems in the field. However, DOE may more comprehensively address
these issues for all variable-speed systems in a future rulemaking.
Coil-Only Variable-Speed System Representations and Testing
Coil-only testing approaches for variable-speed systems address the
installation of variable-speed technology in which the newly-installed
system uses existing components, for example an existing furnace fan.
For single-capacity and two-capacity air-conditioners, certification
requirements anticipate this potential gap by requiring that such
models include performance representations with a coil-only combination
representative of the least-efficient combination in which the outdoor
unit is sold (see 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1)). DOE considered whether such a
requirement may be appropriate for variable-speed systems.
A review of manufacturing materials, such as product datasheets and
installation instructions, indicates that there is a wide range of
instruction provided regarding the need to pair a variable-speed
outdoor unit with specific models of indoor units and/or air movers
(e.g., furnaces) whose controls can be coordinated with those of the
outdoor unit to optimize performance. Some literature is very clear
that achieving the rated performance requires installation with
specific models of mating components with variable-speed indoor fans
and communicating controls. However, other models have literature that
does not mention the need for such pairing of components. The latter
group is not limited to brands that have received test procedure
waivers or interim waivers for variable-speed coil-only systems. Thus,
it is possible that variable-speed systems are being installed in coil-
only applications for which the system representations may not be
representative of actual performance because the representations are
blower-coil based. Realizing this possibility, DOE considered the
approaches that could be applied to address this issue.
Currently, every single-split system AC with other than single-
stage and two-stage compressors must represent every individual
combination distributed in commerce, including all coil-only and blower
coil combinations. 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1). These regulations, when
combined with the test procedure proposals in this NOPR, would require
manufacturers to represent variable-speed ACs based on how they
distribute them in commerce, which includes whether they are coil-only
communicating, coil-only noncommunicating, or blower coil, as
applicable to a given model of outdoor unit. DOE would evaluate how
manufacturers distribute models of outdoor units based on review of
product datasheets, installation and operation manuals, product
marketing, relevant databases (including the AHRI database),
manufacturer websites, and other related materials that help inform the
consumer how the outdoor unit should be installed.
As noted previously, representations of efficiency for single-split
air conditioners with a single-stage or two-stage compressor must
include at least one coil-only combination representative of the least-
efficient combination distributed in commerce with that outdoor unit.
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1). As part of this rulemaking, DOE considered
adopting such an approach for all single-split outdoor units, including
variable speed models, to ensure that representations include all
installations that may occur in the field. However, based on the
[[Page 16839]]
information DOE has from the previous energy conservation standards
rulemaking pertaining to central air conditioners and heat pumps, less
than 5 percent of variable-speed system installations are coil-only
installations. 82 FR 1786. Further, the number of certified
combinations of variable-speed coil-only systems is a small percentage
of all of the variable-speed system certifications.\13\ Based on this
information, DOE concludes that installations of variable-speed systems
in coil-only applications are not likely to be representative of
variable-speed system operation as a whole. For this reason, DOE is not
proposing a blanket coil-only representation requirement for variable-
speed systems. However, DOE may revisit this possibility if it
determines that there is significant distribution in commerce of coil-
only variable-speed systems using outdoor units that do not include a
coil-only representation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ For example, there are roughly 27,000 combinations listed
in the AHRI Database for which a non-zero intermediate indoor air
volume rate is listed, indicating that the combination is a
variable-speed model. DOE reviewed the current certifications in the
certification compliance management system and found that there are
approximately 400 variable-speed coil-only combinations,
representing roughly 1.5 percent of the total variable speed
combinations certified to the Department.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order improve representativeness of the representations of
variable-speed systems used in coil-only combinations, DOE proposes to
require a coil-only tested combination for any variable-speed outdoor
unit distributed in commerce in a coil-only combination. In addition,
DOE proposes to require that, if a manufacturer distributes in commerce
an outdoor unit basic model with other than a single-stage or two-stage
compressor in non-communicating coil-only combinations, the combination
selected for testing be a non-communicating coil-only combination. If a
manufacturer distributes in commerce an outdoor unit basic model with
other than a single-stage or two-stage compressor only in communicating
coil-only combinations, then the combination selected for testing that
outdoor model would be a communicating coil-only combination. Finally,
if the manufacturer does not distribute in commerce any coil-only
combinations, then the individual combination selected for testing for
split-system AC and HP with other than a single-stage or two-stage
compressor would be a blower-coil combination.
DOE notes that the variable-speed coil-only waiver petitions
addressed both air-conditioners and heat pumps. Thus, DOE's considered
whether the coil-only tested combination requirement should apply to
variable speed heat pumps and/or to single-stage and/or two-stage heat
pumps. DOE notes that coil-only heat pumps allow the heating system to
provide heat either using the furnace or the heat pump. There has been
greater interest in such systems in recent years, since they provide
heating with a furnace in extreme cold conditions for which a heat pump
may have limited capacity and/or reduced efficiency.\14\ DOE is
proposing in this NOPR to require coil-only tested combinations for
variable-speed heat pumps, but not for single- and two-stage heat
pumps, because DOE expects that the representativeness of blower-coil
tests would deviate more from coil-only tests for variable-speed
systems, due to the use of a variable-speed indoor fan and use of an
intermediate air volume rate used for intermediate-speed testing for
variable-speed systems. The test procedures for single-stage and two-
stage heat pumps are more restrictive with regard to allowed air volume
rates and thus performance differences between blower-coil and coil-
only operation would be less.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ https://www.trane.com/residential/en/resources/glossary/dual-fuel-heat-pump/(last accessed 2/4/2022).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding variable-speed coil-only systems using indoor units
manufactured by independent coil manufacturers (``ICMs''), the
regulations require certification of the performance of any variable-
speed coil-only combinations distribution in commerce, and whether any
given combination is coil-only (see 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1)). However, DOE
notes that a tested combination for an ICM indoor unit must include the
least-efficient outdoor unit with which the indoor unit is distributed
in commerce (see 10 CFR 429.6(b)(2)(i)). DOE does not believe any
changes are needed to this proposal with respect to ICM certifications
as the current regulations already encompass representing all
combinations distributed in commerce, including noncommunicating and
communicating variable-speed coil only systems.
DOE requests comment on its approach for variable speed coil-only
systems. More specifically, DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
require coil-only tested combinations for variable-speed systems, both
air-conditioners and heat pumps, that are distributed in commerce with
coil-only combinations. DOE also requests comment on the proposal to
require that the tested combination be a non-communicating coil-only
combination, if the outdoor unit is distributed in commerce in a non-
communicating coil-only combination.
3. Space-Constrained Coil-Only CAC Ratings
DOE's regulations at 10 CFR 429.16 prescribe certification
requirements for CAC/HPs. Paragraph (a)(1) of that section includes a
table specifying the required represented values for each ``tested
combination'' of CAC/HPs. Table III-1 is an excerpt from the table in
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) showing represented value requirements for
different varieties of split-system CAC/HPs.
Table III-1--Required Represented Values for Split-System CAC/HPs
[Excerpted from 429.16(a)(1)]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equipment Required represented
Category subcategory values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit Single-Split- Every individual
(Distributed in Commerce by System AC with combination
OUM). Single-Stage or distributed in
Two-Stage commerce must be
Compressor rated as a coil-only
(including Space- combination. For
Constrained and each model of
Small-Duct, High outdoor unit, this
Velocity Systems must include at
(SDHV)). least one coil-only
value that is
representative of
the least efficient
combination
distributed in
commerce with that
particular model of
outdoor unit.
Additional blower-
coil representations
are allowed for any
applicable
individual
combinations, if
distributed in
commerce.
Single-Split- Every individual
System AC with combination
Other Than distributed in
Single-Stage or commerce, including
Two-Stage all coil-only and
Compressor blower coil
(including Space- combinations.
Constrained and
SDHV).
[[Page 16840]]
Single-Split- Every individual
System HP combination
(including Space- distributed in
Constrained and commerce.
SDHV).
Multi-Split, For each model of
Multi-Circuit, outdoor unit, at a
or Multi-Head minimum, a non-
Mini-Split Split ducted ``tested
System--non-SDHV combination.'' For
(including Space- any model of outdoor
Constrained). unit also sold with
models of ducted
indoor units, a
ducted ``tested
combination.'' When
determining
represented values
on or after January
1, 2023, the ducted
``tested
combination'' must
comprise the highest
static variety of
ducted indoor unit
distributed in
commerce (i.e.,
conventional, mid-
static, or low-
static). Additional
representations are
allowed, as
described in
paragraph (c)(3)(i)
of this section.
Multi-Split, For each model of
Multi-Circuit, outdoor unit, an
or Multi-Head SDHV ``tested
Mini-Split Split combination.''
System--SDHV. Additional
representations are
allowed, as
described in
paragraph (c)(3)(ii)
of this section.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
As presented in Table III-1, single-split CACs with single-stage or
two-stage compressors are required to provide represented values for
every individual combination distributed in commerce, each rated as a
coil-only combination. For each model of outdoor unit, this must
include at least one coil-only value that is representative of the
least efficient combination distributed in commerce with that model of
outdoor unit. Additional blower-coil ratings are allowed (i.e.,
optional) for any applicable individual combinations, if distributed in
commerce. DOE has become aware that these provisions may contain
ambiguity over the precise rating requirements for single-split CACs.
For example, if the least efficient combination distributed in commerce
for a given basic model includes a blower-coil indoor unit (as opposed
to the assumption that a coil-only combination would be least
efficient), the existing provisions are unclear on which combination
would be used to rate the basic model. Accordingly, DOE is proposing to
amend the language in the table found in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) to clarify
the rating requirements pertaining to single-split CACs with single-
stage or two-stage compressors.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ DOE's proposed clarifications would require every single-
stage and two-stage outdoor unit of single-split CAC to have a
compliant rating with a coil-only combination that is distributed in
commerce and representative of the least efficient combination
distributed in commerce for that particular model of outdoor unit
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on its proposal to clarify the language for
required represented values of coil-only CACs found in the table at 10
CFR 429.16(a)(1)
The requirement to provide coil-only ratings for each basic model
also applies to single split CACs designed for space-constrained
applications (``SC-CAC''). DOE has received three petitions for test
procedure waivers related to the represented value requirements for SC-
CACs. The first was a petition from National Comfort Products, Inc.
(``NCP'') dated March 20, 2017 (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-WAV-0030-0001);
the second was a petition from AeroSys, Inc. (``AeroSys'') dated May
29, 2017 (Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-WAV-0042-0001); and the third was a
petition from First Company (``First Co.'') dated May 25, 2018 (Docket
No. EERE-2018-BT-WAV-0012-0002). Each petitioner claimed that specified
basic models of SC-CAC outdoor units listed in their respective
petitions are designed and intended to be sold only with proprietary
blower-coil indoor units equipped with high-efficiency electronically
commutated (``ECM'') fan motors, and not as a coil-only combination
(NCP, EERE-2017-BT-WAV-0030, No. 1 at p. 1; AeroSys, EERE-2017-BT-WAV-
0042; No. 1 at p. 1, First Co., EERE-2018-BT-WAV-0012, No. 2 at p. 1)
Each petitioner also claimed that the identified blower-coil indoor
units operate at a much lower wattage than the default fan power
required by appendix M for coil-only combinations and asserted that
appendix M would not result in a representative rating for the
specified basic models (NCP, Id. at p. 2; AeroSys, Id. at p. 1, First
Co., Id. at pp. 2-3) Each petitioner requested waivers requiring that
the specified basic models be tested according to appendix M and that
representations be determined by pairing models only with blower-coil
indoor units (i.e., requesting exemption from the requirement in 10 CFR
429.16(a)(1) to provide represented values based on a coil-only
combination). (NCP, Id. at p. 3; AeroSys, Id. at p. 6, First Co., Id.
at p. 6) These waiver requests were predicated on the premise that the
basic models of outdoor units identified by NCP, AeroSys, and First Co.
are not intended to be sold with a coil-only indoor unit pairing and
are designed to be sold with only the specified blower-coil indoor
units containing high-efficiency ECM fans.
In a notice published May 30, 2021, DOE granted AeroSys's petition
for interim waiver. Since that time, AeroSys filed for bankruptcy and
thus DOE stopped further evaluation of the AeroSys test procedure
waiver request.
With respect to First Co.'s petition, DOE has concluded that
statements provided in product specification sheets and installation
instructions for the subject basic models appear inconsistent with
First Co.'s assertion that the subject basic models are distributed in
commerce exclusively for use with blower-coil indoor units. For
example, installation instructions for affected models include language
describing these units as replacements for R-22 systems, and the
existing indoor units are unlikely to have the high-efficiency motors
used in the described blower-coil indoor units. Additionally, some spec
sheets include additional language indicating that installation is
intended with existing indoor units that are unlikely to have high
efficiency motors.
As NCP's waiver petition and the prescribed alternate test
procedure are specific to appendix M, the interim waiver will terminate
on the date on which testing is required under appendix M1 (i.e.,
January 1, 2023); there is no need for continuation of the waiver once
testing is required under appendix M1. Moreover, as discussed in the
following paragraphs, DOE has tentatively determined that it would be
inappropriate to amend appendix M1 to provide for the testing of split-
system
[[Page 16841]]
CACs as requested in the waiver petitions.
DOE is required per EPCA to prescribe test procedures that are
reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency during a representative average use cycle or period of use,
as determined by the Secretary. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) For split-system
central air conditioner and heat pump outdoor units, determination of
what constitutes a representative average use cycle or period of use
must include consideration of combinations in which a unit is paired in
field installations. DOE published an energy conservation standard
final rule to set new standards for central air conditioners and heat
pumps on January 6, 2017. 82 FR 1786. In the rulemaking that culminated
in this final rule, DOE examined the typical installations for split-
system CACs and HPs as part of its assessment of life-cycle costs. DOE
determined that 39 percent of split-system CAC installations in 2021
\16\ would be full-system replacements including a blower-coil indoor
unit. Of the 61 percent remaining CAC installations, DOE's determined
that 75 percent of these would require replacement of the entire system
(i.e., both outdoor unit and coil-only indoor unit) and 25 percent
would involve solely replacement of the outdoor unit (i.e., leaving the
existing coil-only indoor unit and refrigerant line-sets intact).
(Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-STD-0048-0098, p. 8-8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ DOE based its life-cycle analysis on the assumption that
the year of product purchase date would be 2021, which at the time
was the assumed effective date of energy conservation standards for
CACs and HPs. Accordingly, all installation figures were forecast
through the year 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's analysis indicates that installations involving blower-coil
indoor units are in the minority for split-system CACs. While DOE does
not have data showing the installation breakdown specifically for
space-constrained systems, DOE assumes in the absence of such data that
the general installation trends would apply to equally to space-
constrained systems. Additionally, DOE has observed instances for which
outdoor units designed for space-constrained applications are being
distributed in commerce without a corresponding blower-coil indoor
unit,\17\ indicating the potential for pairing a replacement outdoor
unit with an existing indoor unit using a legacy fan that would not
likely be comparable to the ECM fan of the blower-coil indoor unit on
which the system rating is based. DOE notes that the cited example is
for sale of an NCP outdoor unit, which indicates that it is impossible
to ensure that installations are of systems with blower-coil indoor
units, as suggested by NCP's waiver petition.
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\17\ www.ferguson.com/product/national-comfort-products-3000-series-25-tons-12-seer-r-410a-27200-btuh-room-air-conditioner-nncpe4303010/_/R-4397660.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consequently, DOE tentatively concludes that measuring the
performance of space-constrained systems exclusively with high-
efficiency blower-coil combinations, as requested in the NCP, AeroSys,
and First Co. waiver petitions, is not generally representative of
field operation. Based on this tentative conclusion, amendment to the
existing requirements for represented values in 10 CFR 429.16 to allow
manufacturers to avoid the coil-only test requirement for single-speed
and two-stage space-constrained CACs would provide test results that
are not representative of an average use cycle or period of use. DOE is
not proposing amendments to appendix M1 regarding the test procedure
waiver granted to NCP.
DOE requests comment on its planned approach not to propose waiving
the coil-only rating requirement for space-constrained air conditioners
and heat pumps. To support any comments suggesting that DOE reverse
this decision, DOE requests shipment and/or installation data for
space-constrained systems to clarify the characteristics of
representative installations.
C. Other Test Procedure Revisions
1. Air Volume Rate Changing With Outdoor Conditions
When testing CAC/HP systems under appendix M1, section 3.1.4
requires determining airflow setting(s) before testing begins; unless
otherwise specified, no changes are to be made to the airflow
setting(s) after initiation of testing. The subsections of section
3.1.4 provide instructions for establishing air volume rates for the
following test conditions: Cooling full-load (section 3.1.4.1), cooling
minimum (section 3.1.4.2), cooling intermediate (section 3.1.4.3),
heating full-load (section 3.1.4.4), heating minimum (section 3.1.4.5),
heating intermediate (section 3.1.4.6), and heating nominal (section
3.1.4.7).
For example, section 3.1.4.1.1.a of appendix M1 provides
instructions for determining the cooling full-load air volume rate for
ducted blower coil systems other than those having a constant-air-
volume-rate indoor blower. Within that section, a seven-step process is
followed to determine the final fan speed or control settings to be
used for testing. Step (7) of the process specifies using the measured
air volume rate as the cooling full-load air volume rate, and to use
the final fan speed or control settings for all tests that use the
cooling full-load air volume rate. Sections 3.1.4.2.a and 3.1.4.4.3.a
specify a similar process for determining cooling minimum air volume
rate and heating full-load air volume rate, respectively. These
sections similarly specify using use the measured air volume rate and
final fan speed or control settings for all tests that use the cooling
minimum air volume rate or heating full-load air volume rate,
respectively.
As noted, sections 3.1.4.1.1.a, 3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a of
appendix M1 specify using the air volume rates determined in those
respective sections for all tests. By contrast, sections 3.2.2.2,
3.2.3.b, and 3.2.4.b specify using air volume rates that represent a
``normal installation'' when testing units having a single-speed
compressor where the indoor section uses a single variable-speed
variable-air-volume rate indoor blower or multiple indoor blowers
(3.2.2.2), when testing units having a two-capacity compressor
(3.2.3.b), and when testing units having a variable-speed compressor
(3.2.4.b). In some cases, reference to ``air volume rates that
represent a normal installation'' could conflict with the air volume
rates determined in sections 3.1.4.1.1.a, 3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a.
For example, many modern blower-coil systems have multiple-speed or
variable-speed indoor fans and control systems (i.e. the type of units
covered under section 3.2.2.2) that may have the capability to vary fan
speed in response to operating conditions in order to optimize
performance. Under ``normal installation'' for such units, air volume
rate changes in response to operating conditions such as outdoor air
temperature. For these types of systems, the instructions in sections
3.1.4.1.1.a, 3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a to use a fixed (constant) air
volume rate for all tests conflict with the instructions in sections
3.2.2.2, 3.2.3.b, and 3.2.4.b to use air volume rates that represent a
normal installation.
For units with multiple-speed or variable-speed indoor fans and
control systems that have the capability to vary fan speed in response
to operating conditions, requiring air volume rate to remain constant
as outdoor air temperature changes during testing may not provide test
results that are representative of field operation.
To address this issue, DOE proposes to explicitly state in Step 7
of sections 3.1.4.1.1.a, 3.1.4.2.a, and 3.1.4.3.a that,
[[Page 16842]]
for blower coil systems in which the indoor blower capacity modulation
correlates with outdoor dry bulb temperature or sensible to total
cooling capacity ratio, use an air volume rate that represents a normal
operation. To ensure consistency of testing, it may be necessary for
manufacturers to certify whether the system varies blower speeds with
outdoor air conditions. However, this change is not being proposed in
this notice and may be addressed in a separate rulemaking.
DOE requests comments on its proposal to add language clarifying
how to implement variation of blower speed for different ambient
temperature test conditions.
2. Wet Bulb Temperature for H4 5 [deg]F Heating Tests
Appendix M1 specifies required and optional heating mode test
conditions for heat pumps, designated as ``H'' conditions. See Tables
11 through 15 of appendix M1. appendix M1 provides for conducting
optional ``H4'' heating tests at a 5 [deg]F outdoor ambient dry-bulb
temperature and, at a maximum, a 3 [deg]F outdoor wet-bulb
temperature.\18\ DOE initially proposed a target wet-bulb temperature
for the H4 test of 3.5 [deg]F in an SNOPR published in August 2016
(``August 2016 SNOPR''). 81 FR 58164, 58193. ACEEE, NRDC, and ASAP
agreed with DOE's proposal of a target wet bulb temperature of 3.5
[deg]F for the optional 5 [deg]F test. (ACEEE, NRDC, and ASAP, EERE-
2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 33 at p. 8) Carrier/UTC, Lennox, JCI, Ingersoll
Rand, Goodman, Nortek, NEEA, Rheem, the CA IOUs, AHRI, and Mitsubishi
all recommended that the target wet bulb temperature for the 5 [deg]F
test should be 3 [deg]F or less, rather than the proposed 3.5 [deg]F
target. The commenters indicated that holding tight tolerances on the
wet bulb temperature at such low temperatures is very challenging, but
the frost loading for this temperature is so low that the variation in
the wet bulb temperature level would not affect the test significantly.
Unico made a similar recommendation but suggested a maximum of 4 [deg]F
wet bulb temperature. (Carrier/UTC, No. 36 at p. 12; Lennox, EERE-2016-
BT-TP-0029, No. 25 at p. 15; JCI, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 24 at p.
17; Ingersoll Rand, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 38 at p. 7, Goodman No.
39 at p. 11; Nortek, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 22 at p. 16; Unico,
EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 30 at p. 7; NEEA, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No.
35 at p. 3; Rheem, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 37 at p. 6; CA IOU, EERE-
2016-BT-TP-0029, No.32 at p.4; AHRI, EERE-2016-BT-TP-0029, No. 27 at
p.19; Mitsubishi, No. 29 at p.4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ The tests at this condition are optional for heat pumps,
except for Triple-Capacity Northern heat pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the January 2017 TP Final Rule, DOE agreed that the amount of
moisture in 5 [deg]F air would be sufficiently low that imposing a
maximum wet bulb temperature of 3 [deg]F would be adequate to ensure
test repeatability; hence DOE adopted the suggestion to require a 3
[deg]F maximum wet bulb temperature in the January 2017 TP Final Rule
(82 FR 1426). Since the publication of the 2017 Final Rule, DOE and
other stakeholders have gained additional experience testing to the new
appendix M1, including testing at the 5 [deg]F H4 heating condition.
DOE has received informal comments and has independently observed that
holding the wet-bulb tolerance of maximum 3 [deg]F is difficult for
some test labs, especially for extended periods of time, and that even
if this low humidity level can be attained, the additional 0.5 to 1.0
[deg]F wet bulb reduction adds significant time to testing (as compared
to maximum wet bulb requirements of 3.5 [deg]F and 4 [deg]F,
respectively).
The 3 [deg]F wet bulb condition represents an extremely dry air
condition, which is difficult to attain and maintain due to issues with
infiltration and ground moisture passing through the floor in some
laboratory setups. Accordingly, DOE is proposing to amend the wet bulb
test condition for all H4 tests to be 4 [deg]F maximum instead of the
current condition of 3 [deg]F maximum. Because, as previously
identified in comments, there is very little moisture content in the
air at 5 [deg]F dry-bulb temperature, DOE does not expect that the
change in wet bulb temperature condition will have a significant impact
on test results.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to amend the wet bulb temperature
condition for the H4 heating tests from the existing 3 [deg]F maximum
temperature to a maximum temperature of 4 [deg]F.
3. Hierarchy of Manufacturer Installation Instructions
Instructions for installation of CAC/HP products can take multiple
forms, including documents shipped with the product, labels affixed to
the outdoor unit and/or indoor unit, and online documents.
Section 2(A) of appendix M1 provides requirements regarding the
installation instructions to be used and their order of precedence
(i.e., installation instruction hierarchy) for variable refrigerant
flow (``VRF'') multi-split systems. Section 2(A) specifies that
installation instructions that appear in the labels applied to the unit
take precedence over installation instructions that are shipped with
the unit. Further, Section 2(A) specifies that the term
``manufacturer's installation instructions'' does not include online
manuals. Appendix M1 does not specify installation instruction
hierarchy for any other types of CAC/HP products.
Throughout appendix M1, references to manufacturer's installation
instructions are made regarding refrigerant charging requirements
(section 2.2.5), installation of an air supply plenum adapter accessory
for testing small-duct, high-velocity systems (section 2.4.1.c), and
control circuit connections between the furnace and the outdoor unit
for coil-only systems (section 3.13.1.a).
DOE notes that it initially proposed in a supplemental NOPR
published November 9, 2015 (``November 2015 SNOPR'') that the hierarchy
of installation instructions be located in proposed section 2.2.5.1 of
appendix M1, which pertains to refrigerant charging requirements. See
80 FR 69278, 69350.\19\ However, as finalized in the June 2016 Final
Rule, the installation instruction hierarchy provision was located
within section 2(A) of appendix M1, and therefore applies only to
testing of VRF multi-split systems. 81 FR 36992, 37060. The June 2016
Final Rule did not provide a discussion of this change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ DOE also notes that as initially proposed, installation
instructions that are shipped with the unit were to take precedence
over installation instructions that appear in the labels applied to
the unit, but this hierarchy was reversed in the final rule. 81 FR
36992, 37060.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The requirements regarding installation instruction would be
equally applicable to classes of CAC/HP other than VRF multi-split
systems. As noted, manufacturer's installation instructions are
referenced in a number of provisions in appendix M1. Therefore, DOE is
proposing to add in section 2(B) of appendix M1, ``Testing Overview and
Conditions for Systems Other than VRF,'' the same requirements
associated with installation instructions that are in section 2(A),
i.e. what instructions can be used and what instructions take
precedence. This proposal would align the approach for all classes of
CAC/HP with the current approach for VRF CAC.
DOE requests comment on the proposed alignment of the VRF and non-
VRF test procedures when it comes to instruction precedence.
[[Page 16843]]
4. Adjusting Airflow Measurement Apparatus To Achieve Desired SCFM at
Part-Load Conditions
DOE is aware that the specifications for cooling full-load air
volume rates for both ducted and non-ducted units may require
additional detail to provide improved repeatability. Sections
3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of appendix M1 each specify seven
steps for achieving the correct air volume rate to be used for testing
(cooling full-load air volume rate, cooling minimum air volume rate,
and heating full-load air volume rate, respectively). In each section,
Step 7 mentions ``fan speed'' and ``control settings'' without
indicating whether they are the speed and settings of the unit under
test, of the airflow measurement apparatus, or both. DOE notes that
cooling full-load air volume rate, cooling minimum air volume rate, and
heating full-load air volume rate may each be used for multiple test
conditions. However, when using this same air-volume rate at different
test conditions, it may be necessary to adjust one of the fans to
achieve the same air-volume rate, due to differences in air density
and/or loading of condensate on the indoor coil.\20\ In sections
3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of appendix M1, Step 7 identifies the
air volume rate (cooling full-load, cooling minimum, and heating full-
load, respectively) to be used for all test conditions that use the
same air volume rate, but it does not indicate what adjustments are
allowed or required to obtain it.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ When operating in cooling mode, water vapor in the return
air may condense and collect and flow down the coil into the indoor
unit's drain pan. This removal of water vapor is called
dehumidification--it occurs only in cooling mode and its magnitude
depends on the test conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
These sections may be misinterpreted to indicate that both the fan
speed of the unit under test and the airflow measurement apparatus fan
speed should not be adjusted during testing. As previously described,
if both the test unit fan speed and the measurement apparatus fan speed
are fixed, differences in air density and/or loading of condensate
could cause differences in measured air volume rate at different test
conditions, with no recourse for correction. This interpretation could
then cause tests to be conducted at different air volume rates across
test conditions, whereas the test procedure at sections 3.1.4.1.1,
3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3 of appendix M1 requires the tests to be
conducted at the same air volume rate across different conditions. To
minimize the potential for misinterpretation, DOE is proposing to
explicitly require that the airflow measurement apparatus fan be
adjusted if needed to maintain constant air volume rate for all tests
using the same air volume rate. Similarly, the section would explicitly
state that the speed and settings of the fan of the unit under test are
not to be adjusted.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to add more specific direction
to step 7 of sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3.
5. Revision of Equations Representing Full-Speed Variable-Speed Heat
Pump Operation at and Above 45 [deg]F Ambient Temperature
A compressor's speed at full speed may change as the outdoor
temperature changes. While the compressor speed at full speed may
differ at different outdoor temperatures, accuracy of predictions using
the test results from two temperature conditions to calculate the
performance for a third temperature condition is maximized when the
same compressor speed is used for the tests at the two different
ambient temperature conditions (see, e.g., 81 FR 58164, 58178 (August
24, 2016)).
For calculation of full-compressor performance in the temperature
ranges less than 17 [deg]F and greater than or equal to 45 [deg]F, the
test procedure determines performance based on the H32 and
H12 tests, which are conducted at 17 [deg]F and 47 [deg]F,
respectively (see appendix M1, sections 4.2.4.c, which refers to
equations 4.2.2-3 and 4.2.2-4 in Section 4.2.2). As indicated in
appendix M1 in the Table 14 footnotes, the H12 test is run
with the compressor speed that represents normal operation at 17 [deg]F
conditions. However, for many variable-speed heat pumps, this is a
higher compressor speed than would be normal for operation at 47 [deg]F
conditions.
The H1N test represents normal 47 [deg]F operation, as
indicated in the Table 14 footnotes. For heat pumps with different
normal speeds for 17 [deg]F and 47 [deg]F conditions, the full-
compressor performance equation is not appropriately representative for
temperatures greater than or equal to 45 [deg]F. For example, at 47
[deg]F, the equation would indicate that the capacity is equal to the
H12 capacity, even though the H1N test is
specifically intended to represent capacity at 47 [deg]F. To rectify
this issue, DOE proposes to amend the portion of the equations
representing performance in conditions warmer than 45 [deg]F.
Specifically, the capacity equation for this temperature range would be
multiplied by the ratio of the capacities of the H1N and
H12 tests. Similarly, the power input equation for this
range would be multiplied by the ratio of the power inputs measured in
the H1N and H12 tests. This would change the
calculated capacity and power input for the range of temperature above
45 [deg]F to be consistent with the compressor speed of the
H1N test (which is intended to represent performance in this
range), rather than with the compressor speed of the H32
test, which is conducted in a 17 [deg]F ambient temperature.
While DOE believes that the proposed amendments would provide more
representative results, DOE does not expect that such changes would
significantly affect heat pump HSPF2 measurements. This is because the
full-capacity performance would affect HSPF2 only when the calculated
building load exceeds the calculated intermediate capacity of a
variable-speed heat pump, which DOE believes to be a rare occurrence in
the ambient temperature range above 45 [deg]F. In the cases that would
affect HSPF2, the change would increase the measured efficiency, since
H1N COP is expected to be higher than H12 COP due
to its lower compressor speed.
DOE requests comment on the proposed change to the full-capacity
performance equations for variable-speed heat pumps in the ambient
temperature range above 45 [deg]F, adjusting the equations for capacity
and power by the ratio of capacity and power, respectively, associated
with H1N and H12 operation.
6. Calculations for Triple-Capacity Northern Heat Pumps
Section 4.2.6 of appendix M1 includes additional steps for
calculating HSPF2 of a heat pump having a triple-capacity compressor.
Heat pumps with triple-capacity compressors respond to building heating
load by operating at low (k=1), high (k=2), or booster (k=3) capacity
or by cycling on and off at one or more of those stages. Section
4.2.6.5 covers the scenario where the heat pump alternates between high
(k=2) and booster (k=3) compressor capacity to satisfy the building
load. In this scenario, the total electrical power consumption is
determined by calculating the fraction of time the system spends
operating in the high and booster stage, respectively, and then
weighting the steady-state power consumption at each operating state
accordingly. Section 4.2.6.5 gives equations for calculating the
fraction of load addressed by the high compressor stage, denoted as
``Xk=2(Tj)'', as well as the fraction of load
addressed by the booster compressor stage
``Xk=3(Tj)''. These proportions should, by
definition, be complementary because the system is
[[Page 16844]]
either operating in high compressor stage or boost compressor stage.
However, the equation for the booster capacity load factor
``Xk=3(Tj)'' is erroneously set equal to the
high-capacity load factor ``Xk=2(Tj)'' as opposed
to the complementary value ``1 Xk=2(Tj).''
Therefore, DOE is proposing to correct the booster capacity load factor
equation to be defined as Xk=3(Tj) = 1 -
Xk=2(Tj).
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to revise the calculation for
booster capacity load factor equation for triple-capacity northern heat
pumps.
7. Heating Nominal Air Volume Rate for Variable-Speed Heat Pumps
Appendix M1 includes procedures for calculating the heating
capacity and power input for variable-speed heat pumps at various test
conditions. The H1N test is used to calculate the nominal
heating capacity of the system at 47 [deg]F ambient temperature,
whereas the H12 test is used to calculate maximum heating
capacity at 47 [deg]F and the H11 test is used to calculate
minimum heating capacity at 47 [deg]F. Section 3.1.4.7 of appendix M1
requires that manufacturers must specify a heating nominal air volume
rate for each variable-speed heat pump system and must provide
instructions for setting the fan speed or controls. The heating full-
load air volume rate is defined in section 3.1.4.4 of appendix M1,
which ties the heating full-load air volume rate to the cooling full-
load air volume rate and denotes static pressure requirements. However,
in Table 14 to appendix M1 (which specifies heating mode test
conditions for units having a variable-speed compressor), the
H1N test (used for calculating nominal heating capacity at
47 [deg]F) is erroneously specified as using the ``Heating Full-load''
air volume rate instead of the heating nominal air volume rate. Because
the H1N test is intended to represent nominal heating
capacity, DOE is proposing to amend Table 14 to specify the ``heating
nominal air volume rate'' as defined in section 3.1.4.7 of appendix M1
as opposed to the ``heating full-load air volume rate''. As discussed
in section I.B.2 of this NOPR, DOE is also proposing to amend the test
provisions for variable-speed compressor systems with coil-only indoor
units. The proposal mentioned in this section would only apply to
variable-speed systems equipped with blower-coil indoor units, while
variable-speed coil-only systems would be required to test using the
heating full-load air volume rate at the H1N test condition.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to specify heating nominal air
volume rate as the air volume rate to be used for the H1N
heating test for variable-speed heat pumps.
8. Clarifications for HSPF2 Calculation
Section 4.2 of appendix M1 contains methodologies for calculating
HSPF2 for all heat pumps. DOE has identified an instance where
additional instruction may be warranted to make clear the calculation
procedure across different types of heat pump systems. DOE proposes to
clarify the appropriate slope adjustment factor to be used in the
calculation for building heating load (Equation 4.2-2).
As written, Equation 4.2-2 refers to the heating load line slope
adjustment factor ``C'', which varies by climate region according to
Table 20. However, Table 20 includes both the ``C'' factor as well as a
factor denoted ``CVS''--the variable-speed slope factor,
which includes different coefficients that impact calculation of HSPF2.
CVS is not explicitly referenced in the definitions
surrounding Equation 4.2-2, therefor DOE is proposing to amend the
language of that paragraph to indicate that the slope adjustment factor
``C'' should be used when calculating building heating load except for
variable-speed compressor systems, where the variable-speed slope
adjustment factor ``CVS'' should be used instead.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to clarify the calculation
process for heating load line slope factor as it pertains to variable-
speed heat pumps.
9. Distinguishing Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps From
Commercial Equipment
EPCA defines ``industrial equipment'' as equipment of a type which,
among other requirements, is not a covered product under section
6291(a)(2), i.e., not a covered consumer product. (42 U.S.C.6311(2)(A))
Small, large, and very large commercial package air conditioning and
heating equipment are included as types of covered industrial
equipment. (42 U.S.C.6311(1)(B,C,D))
EPCA defines ``central air conditioner'' as a product, other than a
packaged terminal air conditioner, which is powered by single phase
electric current, is air-cooled, is rated below 65,000 Btu per hour, is
not contained within the same cabinet as a furnace the rated capacity
of which is above 225,000 Btu per hour, and is a heat pump or a cooling
only unit. DOE understands that there are basic models that exists on
the market that meet the central air conditioner definition but are
exclusively distributed in commerce for commercial and industrial
applications. In DOE's view, there are certain types of equipment that
meet the definition of CAC but that EPCA was not intended to regulate
as consumer products. To clarify that any such model is not a central
air conditioner, DOE proposes to revise the central air conditioner
definition so that it explicitly excludes these equipment categories,
similar to the way the definition excludes packaged terminal air
conditioners and packaged terminal heat pumps. The exclusion for
single-package vertical air-conditioners and heat pumps would refer
specifically to those models that could be confused with central air
conditioners, i.e., those that are single-phase with capacity less than
65,000 Btu/h, for which the test procedure notice of proposed
rulemaking for single-package vertical air conditioners and heat pumps
has proposed new definitions. 87 FR 2490, 2518 (January 14, 2022).
DOE emphasizes that the exclusion from the central air conditioner
definition for a given model depends on whether it meets the definition
for one of the excluded categories. For example, a model must meet the
packaged terminal air conditioner definition to be considered to be a
packaged terminal air conditioner. Suppose a model meets the
characteristics listed in the central air conditioner definition, but
otherwise has similarities to packaged terminal air conditioners. If
such a model is not ``intended for mounting through the wall,'' it
would be missing a key characteristic of the packaged terminal air
conditioner definition (see 10 CFR 431.92), and, unless it met the
definition for one of the other categories proposed to be excluded, it
is considered a central air conditioner irrespective of whether it gets
installed in a consumer or commercial building.
10. Additional Test Procedure Revisions
On May 8, 2019, AHRI submitted a comment responding to the notice
of proposal to revise and adopt procedures, interpretations, and
policies for consideration of new or revised energy conservation
standards (2020 Process Rule NOPR, 84 FR 3910, Feb. 13, 2019). The
comment included as Exhibit 2 a ``List of Errors Found in appendix M
and appendix M1'' (``AHRI Exhibit 2'', EERE-2017-BT-STD-0062-0117 at
pp. 23-24). Many of the errors pointed out by AHRI regard typographical
errors in appendix M and appendix M1. DOE published a notice of
corrections to appendices M and M1 on December 2, 2021 (``December 2021
Corrections Notice''). 86 FR 68389. The December 2021 Corrections
Notice
[[Page 16845]]
addressed some of the ``Errors'' identified in AHRI Exhibit 2, but not
all of them. DOE is proposing to address additional ``Errors''
identified in AHRI Exhibit 2 in this NOPR to improve accuracy and
representativeness of the test procedures.
a. Revisions Specific to Appendix M
AHRI's comment identified three areas of appendix M where they
requested changes. These are detailed in Table III-2. Additionally, DOE
has identified one transcription error in the December 2021 Corrections
Notice related to changes made in section 3.6.4 of appendix M. DOE is
making corresponding revisions in this NOPR to correct that
transcription error.
Table III-2--AHRI-Identified Errors to Appendix M
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original appendix M
Section language AHRI comment summary Proposed change
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2........................ ``Nominal cooling capacity The H1N test is required Remove the ``Optional H1N
is approximate to the air in section 3.6.4, and test'' and replace the
conditioner cooling section 3.6.4 designates ``H12'' with ``H1N''.
capacity tested at A or A2 the H1N test--not the H12
condition. Nominal heating test.
capacity is approximate to
the heat pump heating
capacity tested in H12
test (or the optional H1N
test)''.
4.1.4.2.................... ........................... The EER\k=1\(Tj) should be Revise the formula to
EER\k=2\(Tj) because the implement this change to
coefficient ``A'' only EER\k=2\(Tj).
utilizes the maximum
speed temperature, T2.
4.2.c...................... ``For a variable-speed heat 2017 and later versions of Accurately implement the
pump, Qh\k\(47) = appendix M use H\k=2\calc change intended by the
Qh\k=N\(47), the space for all conditions, as December 2021 Corrections
heating capacity explained in 3.6.4. This Notice.
determined from the H1N should not be an
test''. exception for the rest of
the calculations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections discuss proposed changes to the language of
appendix M that DOE believes will improve clarity regarding how tests
and calculations are to be conducted to determine capacity levels and
efficiency metrics.
i. Definition of Nominal Cooling Capacity
AHRI commented that the definition of Nominal Cooling Capacity in
Section 1.2 of appendix M incorrectly references the H1N
test as ``optional.'' AHRI claimed that, on the contrary, the
H1N test is required for heat pumps. DOE agrees with the
AHRI comment, since Section 3.6.4, ``Tests for a Heat Pump Having a
Variable-Speed Compressor,'' requires the H1N test.
Therefore, DOE is proposing to revise the definition of ``Nominal
Capacity'' to remove the references to the H12 test in its
entirety. Referring to the H1N test will avoid confusion.
ii. Revising Energy Efficiency Ratio Equation at Intermediate
Compressor Speed
In section 4.1.4.2 of appendix M, there are a series of equations
used to calculate EER\k=i\(Tj), the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when operating at an intermediate
compressor speed (k=i) for outdoor temperature Tj. This
value is calculated using a quadratic equation: EER\k=i\(Tj)
= A + B*Tj + C*Tj\2\. These coefficients (A, B
and C) are calculated by their own respective formulae.
AHRI commented that the formula for the ``A'' coefficient has an
error. Specifically, EER\k=1\(T2) in the equation should be
EER\k=2\(T2) because the coefficient ``A'' only utilizes
maximum-speed temperature T2. As described further in this
section, DOE is proposing to revise this calculation such that it uses
the intended ``k=2''. The use of ``k=2'' is supported both by its
appearance in ASHRAE 116-2010, ``Methods for Testing for Rating
Seasonal Efficiency of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps'' (see
page 25) and also in the DOE test procedure final rule that first
established test methods for variable-speed systems. 49 FR 8304, 8316
(March 14, 1987).
iii. Clarification of Compressor Speed Limits in Heating Tests for Heat
Pumps Having a Variable-Speed Compressor
In the December 2021 Corrections Notice, DOE discussed corrections
to the compressor speed limitations for the H1N heating mode
test for both appendix M and appendix M1. 86 FR 68389, 68390. However,
when setting out the correcting language in the amendatory instruction
for appendix M, the instructions erroneously directed to revise the
fifth sentence of paragraph a to section 3.6.4, when the instructions
were intended to revise the seventh sentence of the same paragraph. As
currently printed, the text in paragraph a of section 3.6.4 to appendix
M includes two sentences starting with ``for a cooling/heating heat
pump . . .'' that give conflicting instructions. Accordingly, DOE is
proposing to revise this paragraph to reflect the intent of the
December 2021 Corrections Notice and, by extension, the January 2017
Final Rule.
b. Revisions Specific to Appendix M1
AHRI's comment identified one area of appendix M1 where they
requested changes. This requested change is detailed in Table III-2.
[[Page 16846]]
Table III-3--AHRI-Identified Errors to Appendix M1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original
Section appendix M1 AHRI comment Proposed change
language summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2.................. Qh(47 [deg]F): For variable Revise the
the heating speed heat language to be
capacity at 47 pumps, the clearer about
[deg]F language what capacity
determined should be to use for
from the H2 clarified to different
H12 or H1N H\k=2\ calc.. types of
test, Btu/h.. heating-only
heat pumps.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections discuss proposed changes to the language of
appendix M1 that DOE believes will improve clarity regarding how tests
and calculations are to be conducted to determine capacity levels and
efficiency metrics.
i. Detailed Descriptions of Capacity for Different Subcategories
AHRI commented that in Section 4.2 of appendix M1, which describes
the calculation for HSPF2 for different subcategories of heat pumps,
there is a lack of clarity in the term for heating capacity measured at
47 [deg]F, ``Qh(47 [deg]F),'' in Equation 2-2, the building
load, ``BL(Tj),'' equation. Currently, the description of
Qh(47 [deg]F) says that it is ``determined from the H,
H12 or H1N test.'' Additionally, the first ``H''
is missing an additional character to specify the appropriate test
point. DOE agrees with AHRI's assessment of this description, and DOE
is proposing to revise this description to include specific
instructions for which test point is appropriate for different heat
pump subcategories. DOE is proposing to specify that the H1 test is for
a heat pump with a single-speed compressor, the H12 test is
for a heat pump with a two-speed compressor, and the H1N
test is for a heat pump with a variable-speed compressor.
However, AHRI commented regarding a ``H\k=2\calc'' term.
DOE notes that this term does not exist in this section of appendix M1.
While DOE is revising this section to add clarity in light of AHRI's
general comment, DOE will not be proposing to make the exact edit AHRI
proposes.
c. Revisions to Both Appendix M and Appendix M1
AHRI's comment claimed that there are two sections in both appendix
M and appendix M1 that contain similar errors. These errors are
detailed below in Table III-4.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.000
The following sections discuss proposed changes to the language of
both appendix M and appendix M1 that DOE believes will improve clarity
regarding how tests and calculations are to be conducted to determine
capacity levels and efficiency metrics.
i. Revising Part Load Factor Equation for Heat Pumps in Section 4.2.3.3
AHRI's comment claims that the part load factor (PLF) equation in
section 4.2.3.3 of both appendix M and appendix M1 contain two errors.
The first error is that the equation is missing a closing square
bracket, and the second is that the heating mode low-capacity load
factor, ``X\k=1\(Tj),'' is incorrectly referenced instead of
the high-capacity load factor, ``X\k=2\(Tj).'' DOE notes
that this equation is actually correct in appendix M1. The high-
capacity load factor is appropriate in this equation because section
4.2.3.3 applies to heat pumps that only operate at high (k=2)
compressor capacity. Therefore, the high-capacity load factor should be
used in this case for the part load factor. DOE is proposing to revise
this formula in appendix M to include the closing square bracket and to
use the high-capacity load factor.
ii. Revising the Ratio of Electrical Energy Used for Resistive Space
Heating Equation in Section 4.2.3.4
AHRI has identified an error in the equation for electrical energy
consumed by the heat pump for electric resistance auxiliary heating for
bin temperature, Tj divided by the total number of hours in
the heating season, ``RH(Tj)/N,'' used in section 4.2.3.4 of
both appendix M and appendix M1. AHRI indicated that the equation used
in section 4.2.3.4
[[Page 16847]]
includes a multiplication operator where it should have subtraction.
The subtraction operator is consistent with all other instances of
RH(Tj)/N in both appendix M and appendix M1. DOE agrees that
the equation for RH(Tj)/N in section 4.2.3.4 of both
appendix M and appendix M1 is incorrect, and therefore DOE is proposing
to revise this equation to include the subtraction operator rather than
a multiplication operator.
DOE requests comments on the proposals to implement the correcting
revisions described in this section.
D. Other Representation Proposed Revisions
Manufacturers, including importers, must use product-specific
certification templates to certify compliance to DOE. For CAC/HPs, the
certification template reflects the general certification requirements
specified at 10 CFR 429.12 and the product-specific requirements
specified at 10 CFR 429.16. As discussed in the previous paragraphs,
DOE is not making any proposals related to certification requirements
in this rulemaking and any such changes may be addressed in a future
rulemaking.
1. Required Represented Values for Models Certified Compliant With
Regional Standards
DOE's standards for CAC at 10 CFR 430.32(c) include both amended
national standards with which compliance is required for models
manufactured on or after January 1, 2023, and amended regional
standards with which compliance is required for units installed on or
after January 1, 2023. See 10 CFR 430.32(c)(5)-(6). In addition, as
discussed in section III.B.3, DOE's regulations at 10 CFR 429.16
describe certification requirements for central air conditioners and
central air conditioning heat pumps, and paragraph (a)(1) of this
section requires single-split CACs with single-stage or two-stage
compressors, at a minimum, to rate each outdoor model as part of a
coil-only combination representative of the least efficient combination
distributed in commerce with that particular outdoor unit.
On December 16, 2021, DOE issued final guidance regarding whether a
model of outdoor unit for a single-split-system AC with single-stage or
two-stage compressor whose coil-only rating under M1 does not meet
regional standards, but where certain blower-coil combinations that
include the outdoor model do meet regional standards, can be installed
in the SE or SW region. DOE's guidance states that ``In order to be
installed in the SE or SW region, the outdoor unit must have at least
one coil-only combination that is compliant with the regional standard
applicable at the time of installation.''
As background, DOE notes that it finalized provisions related to
this issue in a June 2016 Test Procedure Final Rule (81 FR 36992, June
8, 2016) with minor revisions in a January 2017 Test Procedure Final
Rule (82 FR 1426, January 5, 2017); a July 2016 Enforcement Final Rule
(81 FR 45387, July 14, 2016); and a January 2017 Energy Conservation
Standards Direct Final Rule (82 FR 1786, January 6, 2017). These
provisions were based on consensus recommendations by two ASRAC Working
Groups--a Regional Standards Enforcement Working Group (``Enforcement
WG'') that concluded on October 24, 2014 (See final report: Docket No.
EERE-2011-BT-CE-0077, No. 70), and a Central Air Conditioner and Heat
Pump Energy Conservation Standards Working Group (``ECS WG'') that
concluded on January 19, 2016 (See term sheet: Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-
STD-0048, No. 76).
The July 2016 Enforcement Final Rule adopted several provisions of
relevance here, with a focus on enforcement of the existing energy
conservation standards:
10 CFR 429.102(c)(4) contains provisions regarding what a
``product installed in violation'' includes, specifying, among other
things: ``(i) A complete central air conditioning system that is not
certified as a complete system that meets the applicable standard.
Combinations that were previously validly certified may be installed
after the manufacturer has discontinued the combination, provided the
combination meets the currently applicable standard. . . . [and] (iii)
An outdoor unit that is part of a certified combination rated less than
the standard applicable in the region in which it is installed.'' 81 FR
45387, 45393-45394.
10 CFR 429.158(a) specifies that if DOE determines a model
of outdoor unit fails to meet the applicable regional standard(s) when
tested in a combination certified by the same manufacturer, then the
outdoor unit basic model will be deemed noncompliant with the regional
standard(s). 81 FR 45387, 45397.
10 CFR 430.32(c)(3)-(4) provides that any outdoor unit
model that has a certified combination with a rating below 14 SEER
cannot be installed in either the southern or southwest region. 81 FR
45387, 45391.
The June 2016 TP Final Rule adopted several certification
provisions of relevance here, with a focus on the amended energy
conservation standards recommended by the ECS WG. In particular, the
June 2016 TP Final Rule noted that the ECS WG recommended energy
conservation standards for central air conditioners based on coil-only
ratings. 81 FR 36992, 37002. (June 8, 2016). The recommended standard
levels for split system air conditioners may very well have been higher
if they had been based on blower-coil ratings. For example, the
recommended standard levels for split system heat pumps, which are
based on blower-coil ratings, are approximately one point higher than
those for split system air conditioners.
In addition, the ECS WG recommended that DOE implement the
requirement that every single-split air conditioner combination
distributed in commerce must be rated, and that every single-stage and
two-stage condensing (outdoor) unit distributed in commerce (other than
a condensing unit for a 1-to-1 mini split) must have at least 1 coil-
only rating that is representative of the least efficient coil
distributed in commerce with a particular condensing unit. Every
condensing unit distributed in commerce must have at least 1 tested
combination, and for single-stage and two-stage condensing units (other
than condensing units for a 1-to-1 mini split) this must be a coil-only
combination. (Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-STD-0048, No. 76, Recommendation
#7) In the June 2016 Final Rule, DOE adopted these recommendations
along with regional limitations for represented values of individual
combinations:
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) contains provisions for required
represented values, stating that for single-split system AC with
single-stage or two-stage compressor, every individual combination
distributed in commerce must be rated as a coil-only combination. For
each model of outdoor unit, this must include at least one coil-only
value that is representative of the least efficient combination
distributed in commerce with that particular model of outdoor unit.
Additional blower-coil representations are allowed for any applicable
individual combinations, if distributed in commerce. 81 FR 36992,
37002.
10 CFR 429.16(b)(2)(i) specifies that for each basic model
of single-split system AC with single-stage or two-stage compressor,
the model of outdoor unit must be tested with a model of coil-only
indoor unit. 81 FR 36992, 37002.
10 CFR 429.16(a)(4)(i) [as modified in the January 2017 TP
Final Rule] states that a basic model may only be certified as
compliant with a regional standard if all individual combinations
within that basic model meet the
[[Page 16848]]
regional standard for which it is certified, and that a model of
outdoor unit that is certified below a regional standard can only be
rated and certified as compliant with a regional standard if the model
of outdoor unit has a unique model number and has been certified as a
different basic model for distribution in each region. 81 FR 36992,
37012 [as 10 CFR 429.16(a)(3)(i)]; 82 FR 1426.
DOE notes that the July 2016 Enforcement Final Rule stated that the
adopted provisions in 10 CFR 430.32(c)(3)-(4) were meant to be
complementary to the regional limitations adopted in the June 2016 TP
Final Rule at 10 CFR 429.16(a)(3)(i) [now 10 CFR 429.16(a)(4)(i)]. 81
FR 45387, 45391. In the January 2017 CAC DFR, DOE adopted additional
language in 10 CFR 430.32 relevant to the amended standards:
10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(ii) provides that any outdoor unit
model that has a certified combination with a rating below the
applicable standard level(s) for a region cannot be installed in that
region. The least-efficient combination of each basic model must comply
with this standard. 82 FR 1786, 1857.
Finally, DOE notes that the general enforcement provisions in
Subpart C to part 429 also apply to CAC standards (both national and
regional), including:
10 CFR 429.102(a)(1), specifying that the failure of a
manufacturer to properly certify covered products in accordance with 10
CFR 429.12 and 429.14 through 429.62 is a prohibited act subject to
enforcement action.
Taken together, the regional standards, certification, and
enforcement provisions require that, in order to comply with a regional
standard, the least efficient combination of each basic model must
comply. 10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(ii). Further, each basic model of single-
split system AC with single-stage or two-stage compressor must include
a represented value for a coil-only combination representative of the
least efficient combination distributed in commerce with the model of
outdoor unit, and each model of outdoor unit must be tested with a
model of coil-only indoor unit. (10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) and
429.16(b)(2)(i)). While manufacturers can create a regional-specific
basic model under 10 CFR 429.16(a)(4)(i), such a basic model must still
be certified properly according to the other provisions in that
section. As such, in order to comply with a regional standard, a
regional-specific basic model of single-split system AC with single-
stage or two-stage compressor must include at least one coil-only
combination that complies with the regional standard. Failure to
certify a regional-specific basic model according to the provisions in
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) and 429.16(b)(2)(i) is a prohibited act under 10
CFR 429.102(a)(1).
Similarly, while 10 CFR 429.102(c)(4)(i) states that combinations
that were previously validly certified may be installed after the
manufacturer has discontinued the combination, provided the combination
meets the currently applicable standard. The provision at 10 CFR
429.102(c)(4)(i) was designed to allow sell-through of inventory that
manufacturers had discontinued for reasons other than non-compliance
with a regional standard. 81 FR 45387, 45393. It was not intended, nor
in the light of all other provisions can it be read, as allowing
installation of models of outdoor unit that do not comply with the
applicable regional standard at the time of installation (i.e., have no
combinations of coil-only units that comply with the amended regional
standards, which, as stated previously, were developed based on coil-
only ratings).
Based on this background, the CAC regional guidance states in part:
In general, a basic model may be certified as compliant with a
regional standard (and, as of January 1, 2023, meets the applicable
amended regional standard) only if all individual combinations within
that basic model meet the regional standard for which it is certified.
All individual model combinations within a basic model must include,
for single-split-system AC with single-stage or two-stage compressor
(including space-constrained and SDHV systems), a coil-only combination
representative of the least-efficient combination in which the specific
outdoor unit is distributed in commerce. See 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1);
429.16(a)(4)(i); 430.32(c)(6).
A manufacturer may sell an outdoor unit of identical design in the
SE and SW regions, if the manufacturer separates the basic model (i.e.
outdoor unit model) into different basic models with unique model
numbers for distribution in each region, provided that the basic models
for the SE and SW regions: (1) Do not include any individual
combinations that are not compliant with the regional standard
applicable at the time of installation; and (2) include at least one
coil-only combination that is representative of the least-efficient
combination in which the specific outdoor unit is distributed in
commerce. Id.
DOE notes that the install-through provisions in 10 CFR
429.102(c)(4)(i) allows existing stock of discontinued basic model
combinations to be installed in the SE or SW regions as long as they
were previously validly certified as compliant to the regional
standards applicable at the time of installation. DOE further notes
that the term ``previously validly certified'' means that all
combinations within the basic model must show compliance with the
regional standard applicable at the time of installation, including,
for single-split-system AC with single-stage or two-stage compressor
(including space-constrained and SDHV systems), a coil-only combination
representative of the least-efficient combination in which the specific
outdoor unit is distributed in commerce, in order for the install-
through provisions to apply.
DOE proposes to add additional direction to the regulatory text in
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) and (a)(4)(i), 10 CFR 429.102(c)(4)(i) and (iii),
and 10 CFR 430.32(c)(6)(ii) to more explicitly cross-reference the
existing regulatory text to clarify the interplay of the existing
requirements and reinforce the guidance.
In addition, DOE notes that the table in 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) states
that the required coil-only value must be ``representative of the least
efficient combination distributed in commerce with that particular
model of outdoor unit'' (emphasis added). Sections 429.140 through
429.158 provide enforcement procedures specific to regional standards,
10 CFR 429.142 includes records retention of information regarding
sales of outdoor units, indoor units, and single-package units, and 10
CFR 429.144 specifies requirements for records requests. When
determining if a model of indoor unit is distributed in commerce with a
particular model of outdoor unit, DOE may review catalogs, product
literature, installation instructions, and advertisements, and may also
request sales records.
Finally, 10 CFR 429.158 discusses products determined noncompliant
with regional standards. Paragraphs (a) and (b) cross-reference 10 CFR
429.102(c), stating that the certifying manufacturer is liable for
distribution of noncompliant units in commerce. DOE notes that 10 CFR
429.102(c) refers to distributors, contractors, and dealers, while 10
CFR 429.102(a)(10) states that it is prohibited ``for any manufacturer
or private labeler to knowingly sell a product to a distributor,
contractor, or dealer with knowledge that the entity routinely violates
any regional standard applicable to the product.'' Therefore, DOE
proposes that 10 CFR 429.158(a)-(b) cross-reference 10 CFR
429.102(a)(10) rather than 10 CFR 429.102(c).
[[Page 16849]]
DOE requests comment on its proposals to the regulatory text in 10
CFR part 429, and in particular, whether they clarify the requirements
and align with DOE's issued guidance or whether additional
clarification is needed.
E. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
As discussed, DOE's existing test procedures for CAC/HPs appear at
appendix M and appendix M1 (both titled ``Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps''). In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend the existing test
procedure for CACs and HPs to provide additional detail and instruction
to ensure the representativeness of the test procedure and to reduce
potential burden. As discussed, DOE is proposing limited amendments to
appendix M1, which is the required test procedure beginning January 1,
2023.
DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments in this
NOPR would improve the representativeness, accuracy, and
reproducibility of the test results, and they would not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to conduct or result in increased testing
cost as compared to the current test procedure.
The proposed amendment to the wet bulb temperature maximum for the
5 [deg]F ambient temperature condition, discussed in section III.C.2,
would amend the condition from 3 [deg]F to 4 [deg]F. This change is
proposed based, in part, on feedback from manufacturers that the
proposed change to 4 [deg]F would be easier to achieve than 3 [deg]F.
As such, DOE does not anticipate that this provision would increase the
burden of conducting testing under appendix M1.
With regards to the additional test procedure proposals introduced
in sections III.B and III.C of this NOPR, DOE does not believe that
these will cause manufacturers to incur any additional test procedure
costs. The proposals to (a) define revised fan wattages for low-stage
testing of two-stage coil-only units, and (b) revise the equations for
full-capacity operation of variable-speed heat pumps at and above 45
[deg]F affect calculations rather than testing. The proposals for
variable-speed coil-only air conditioners and heat pumps provide
instructions for testing such models that are currently the subject of
test procedure waivers. The proposals to (a) revise text regarding
variation of fan speed with ambient temperature, (b) explicitly
indicate that the airflow measurement apparatus fan should be adjusted
to maintain constant airflow for certain models, and (c) clarify that
the instructions on a label affixed to the unit take precedence over
the instructions shipped with the unit provide additional instruction
to improve consistency of testing but would not increase either the
number of tests or the duration of tests. Finally, the proposed changes
in 10 CFR part 429 neither modify the test procedure nor increase the
number of units that would be required to be tested. Thus, DOE does not
anticipate these additional procedures would cause any increased test
procedure costs.
F. Compliance Date and Waivers
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended test procedure EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension
of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship
in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To receive such an
extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days
before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
Upon the compliance date of test procedure provisions of an amended
test procedure, should DOE issue a such an amendment, any waivers that
had been previously issued and are in effect that pertain to issues
addressed by such provisions are terminated. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3).
Recipients of any such waivers would be required to test the products
subject to the waiver according to the amended test procedure as of the
compliance date of the amended test procedure. The amendments proposed
in this document pertain to issues addressed by waivers granted to GD
Midea Heating and Ventilating Equipment Co., (83 FR 56065, Case No.
2017-013), and TCL AC (84 FR 11941, Case No. 2018-009); and interim
waivers granted to Aerosys (83 FR 24762, Case No. 2017-008), LG
Electronics (85 FR 40272, Case No. 2019-008), and Goodman (86 FR 40534,
Case No. 2021-001). To the extent such waivers and interim waivers
permit the petitioner to test according to an alternate test procedure
to appendix M, such waivers and interim waivers will terminate on the
date testing is required according to appendix M1 (i.e., January 1,
2023), independent of this rulemaking. To the extent that such waivers
and interim waivers permit the petitioner to test according to an
alternate test procedure to appendix M1 at such time as testing is
required according to appendix M1, such waivers and interim waivers
would terminate on January 1, 2023, if the amendments in this NOPR are
adopted as proposed.
DOE notes that the waiver issued to Johnson Controls (83 FR 12735,
Case No. CAC-051; 84 FR 52489, Case No. CAC-050) and interim waiver
granted to National Comfort Products (83 FR 24754, Case No. 2017-008)
will terminate on January 1, 2023, the date beginning which testing
according to appendix M1 is required, independent of this NOPR.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that
this test procedure rulemaking does not constitute a ``significant
regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order (``E.O.'')
12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in
OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (``IRFA'')
for any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless
the agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel">energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. DOE certifies that the proposed rule, if adopted,
would not have significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
[[Page 16850]]
The factual basis of this certification is set forth in the following
paragraphs.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets forth the criteria and
procedures DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures
for covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed
or amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce
test results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
DOE is proposing a limited number of amendments to the test
procedure for central air conditioners and heat pumps (``CAC/HPs'') to
address specific issues that have been raised in test procedure waivers
regarding appendix M1 to subpart B of 10 CFR part 430.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes the following updates to the test
procedure for CACs/HPs:
1. Update default fan power for coil-only CACs and HPs that can
utilize different fan speeds and the 75% intermediate airflow.
2. Define ``Communicating Variable-speed Coil-only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump'' and prescribing an appropriate test
procedure.
3. Add the control system capability to adjust air volume rate as a
function of outdoor air temperature for blower coil systems with
multiple-speed or variable-speed indoor fans.
4. Amend the wet bulb test condition for the 5 [deg]F dry, outdoor
ambient test to have a 4 [deg]F maximum.
5. Add direction to prioritize the instructions presented in the
label attached to the unit over the instructions included in the
installation instructions shipped with the unit.
6. Add specific instruction to adjust the exhaust fan speed to
achieve a constant cooling full-load air volume rate through the
airflow measurement apparatus.
7. Revise the equations representing full-capacity performance of
variable-speed heat pumps for the temperature range above 45 [deg]F to
be more consistent with field operation.
8. Providing additional direction regarding the regional standard
requirements in 10 CFR part 429.
For manufacturers of CACs/HPs, the Small Business Administration
(``SBA'') has set a size threshold, which defines those entities
classified as ``small businesses'' for the purposes of the statute. DOE
used the SBA's small business size standards to determine whether any
small entities would be subject to the requirements of the rule. See 13
CFR part 121. The equipment covered by this rule is classified under
North American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') code
333415,\21\ ``Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and
Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.'' In
13 CFR 121.201, the SBA sets a threshold of 1,250 employees or fewer
for an entity to be considered as a small business for this category.
DOE identified manufacturers using DOE's Compliance Certification
Database (``CCD''),\22\ the AHRI database,\23\ the California Energy
Commission's Modernized Appliance Efficiency Database System
(``MAEDbS''),\24\ the ENERGY STAR Product Finder database,\25\ and the
prior CAC/HP rulemakings. DOE used the publicly available information
and subscription-based market research tools (e.g., reports from Dun &
Bradstreet \26\) to identify 33 original equipment manufacturers
(``OEMs'') of the covered equipment. Of the 33 OEMs, DOE identified
eight domestic manufacturers of CACs/HPs that meet the SBA definition
of a ``small business.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ The size standards are listed by NAICS code and industry
description and are available at: www.sba.gov/document/support--
table-size-standards (Last accessed on October 1, 2021).
\22\ DOE's Compliance Certification Database is available at:
www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms (last accessed October 11, 2021).
\23\ The AHRI Database is available at: www.ahridirectory.org/
(last accessed October 1, 2021).
\24\ California Energy Commission's MAEDbS is available at
cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/ApplianceSearch.aspx (last
accessed October 1, 2021).
\25\ The ENERGY STAR Product Finder database is available at
energystar.gov/productfinder/ (last accessed September 22, 2021).
\26\ app.dnbhoovers.com.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This NOPR proposes amendments to the test procedure for CAC/HP for
which compliance is not required until January 1, 2023. As discussed in
more detail in section III.E of this document, DOE has initially
determined that the proposed amendments to the test procedure would not
require retesting or re-rating, with the potential exception of
variable-speed coil-only units. While DOE believes the variable-speed
coil-only units will be isolated to a very small fraction of models
distributed in commerce (i.e., less than 1 percent based on
manufacturer representations in DOE's current Compliance Management
Database), a manufacturer will have need to ensure their
representations are made in accordance with these amendments if
finalized. DOE notes that none of the variable-speed coil-only basic
models certified currently with DOE are manufactured by small
manufacturers. Additionally, the test procedure amendments would not
result in any change in burden associated the DOE test procedure for
CACs/HP. Therefore, DOE initially concludes that the test procedure
amendments proposed in this NOPR would not have a ``significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities,'' and that
the preparation of an IRFA is not warranted. DOE will transmit the
certification and supporting statement of factual basis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for review
under 5 U.S.C. 605(b). DOE welcomes comment on the Regulatory
Flexibility certification conclusion.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of CAC/HP must certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including CACs/HPs. (See
generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-information requirement
for the certification and recordkeeping is subject to review and
approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA''). This
requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control number 1910-
1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated to
average 35 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this NOPR, DOE proposes test procedure amendments that it
expects will be used to develop and implement future energy
conservation standards for CAC/HP. DOE has determined that this
proposed rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically
excluded from review under the National
[[Page 16851]]
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021. Specifically, DOE has
determined that adopting test procedures for measuring energy
efficiency of consumer products and industrial equipment is consistent
with activities identified in 10 CFR part 1021, appendix A to subpart
D, A5 and A6. Accordingly, neither an environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The Executive order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this proposed rule and has
determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this proposed rule. States can
petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and
based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity, (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation, (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation, (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction,
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately defines
key terms, and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met, or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this
proposed rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and
determined that the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate,
nor a mandate that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this proposed regulation
would not result in any takings that might require compensation under
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%.pdf. DOE has reviewed
this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has concluded
that it is consistent with applicable policies in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A
[[Page 16852]]
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to amend the test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of CAC/HPs is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as a significant energy action by
the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy
Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or
industry standards on competition.
The proposed modifications to the test procedure for CACs/HPs would
maintain the incorporation of testing methods contained in certain
sections of the following commercial standards: ANSI/AHRI 210/240-2008
with Addenda 1 and 2, (``AHRI 210/240-2008''): 2008 Standard for
Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump
Equipment, ANSI approved October 27, 2011; ANSI/AHRI 1230-2010 with
Addendum 2, (``AHRI 1230-2010''): 2010 Standard for Performance Rating
of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Multi-Split Air-Conditioning and
Heat Pump Equipment, ANSI approved August 2, 2010; ANSI/ASHRAE 23.1-
2010, (``ASHRAE 23.1-2010''): Methods of Testing for Rating the
Performance of Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and
Condensing Units that Operate at Subcritical Temperatures of the
Refrigerant, ANSI approved January 28, 2010; ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-
2009, (``ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009''), Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,
ANSI approved June 25, 2009; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.1-2013, (``ANSI/ASHRAE
41.1-2013''): Standard Method for Temperature Measurement, ANSI
approved January 30, 2013; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014, (``ASHRAE 41.6-
2014''): Standard Method for Humidity Measurement, ANSI approved July
3, 2014; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.9-2011, (``ASHRAE 41.9-2011''): Standard
Methods for Volatile-Refrigerant Mass Flow Measurements Using
Calorimeters, ANSI approved February 3, 2011; ANSI/ASHRAE 116-2010,
(``ASHRAE 116-2010''): Methods of Testing for Rating Seasonal
Efficiency of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, ANSI approved
February 24, 2010; ANSI/ASHRAE 41.2-1987 (Reaffirmed 1992), (``ASHRAE
41.2-1987 (RA 1992)''): ``Standard Methods for Laboratory Airflow
Measurement'', ANSI approved April 20, 1992; and ANSI/AMCA 210-2007,
ANSI/ASHRAE 51-2007, (``AMCA 210-2007'') Laboratory Methods of Testing
Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating, ANSI approved August
17, 2007.
DOE has evaluated these standards and is unable to conclude whether
they fully comply with the requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA
(i.e., whether it was developed in a manner that fully provides for
public participation, comment, and review.) DOE will consult with both
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact
of these test procedures on competition, prior to prescribing a final
rule.
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
The following standard was previously approved for incorporation by
reference in appendix M1 where it appears and no change is proposed:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009, Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,
ANSI approved June 25, 2009;
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule no later than the date provided in the DATES section at
the beginning of this proposed rule.\27\ Interested parties may submit
comments using any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at
the beginning of this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ DOE has historically provided a 75-day comment period for
test procedure NOPRs pursuant to the North American Free Trade
Agreement, U.S.-Canada-Mexico (``NAFTA''), Dec. 17, 1992, 32 I.L.M.
289 (1993); the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation
Act, Public Law 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993) (codified as amended
at 10 U.S.C.A. 2576) (1993) (``NAFTA Implementation Act''); and
Executive Order 12889, ``Implementation of the North American Free
Trade Agreement,'' 58 FR 69681 (Dec. 30, 1993). However, on July 1,
2020, the Agreement between the United States of America, the United
Mexican States, and the United Canadian States (``USMCA''), Nov. 30,
2018, 134 Stat. 11 (i.e., the successor to NAFTA), went into effect,
and Congress's action in replacing NAFTA through the USMCA
Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C. 4501 et seq. (2020), implies the
repeal of E.O. 12889 and its 75-day comment period requirement for
technical regulations. Thus, the controlling laws are EPCA and the
USMCA Implementation Act. Consistent with EPCA's public comment
period requirements for consumer products, the USMCA only requires a
minimum comment period of 60 days. Consequently, DOE now provides a
60-day public comment period for test procedure NOPRs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade
[[Page 16853]]
secrets and commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred
to as Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted
through www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments received
through the website will waive any CBI claims for the information
submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the Confidential
Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email. Comments and documents submitted via
email also will be posted to www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be publicly viewable, do not
include it in your comment or any accompanying documents. Instead,
provide your contact information on a cover letter. Include your first
and last names, email address, telephone number, and optional mailing
address. The cover letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it
does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. No faxes will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses.
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email two well-marked copies: One copy of the document marked
confidential including all the information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked non-confidential with the
information believed to be confidential deleted. DOE will make its own
determination about the confidential status of the information and
treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on its proposal to specify a reduced
default fan power coefficient and default fan heat coefficient at part-
load airflows in the calculations of SEER2 and HSPF2 for ducted two-
stage coil-only systems. DOE requests comment on the specific default
fan power coefficients and default fan heat coefficients proposed. If
the proposed values are not appropriate, DOE seeks data to support
selection of alternative values. Additionally, DOE requests comment on
whether a single default fan power coefficient (and default fan heat
coefficient) should be used for each product class group regardless of
the actual air volume rate used for low-stage tests, or whether one of
the alternative approaches discussed in the NOPR should be considered,
or any other alternative. If an alternative approach should be used,
DOE requests details indicating how such an alternative should be
implemented, and justification for its use rather than the proposed
approach. See section III.B.1.
(2) DOE requests comment on its proposals related to test
procedures for variable-speed coil-only CAC/HPs and on its proposed
definitions for variable-speed communicating and non-communicating
coil-only CAC/HPs. See section III.B.2.
(3) DOE requests comment on its proposal to clarify the language
for required represented values of coil-only CACs found in the table at
10 CFR 429.16(a)(1). See section III.B.3.
(4) DOE requests comment on its planned approach to require the
coil-only rating requirement for space-constrained air conditioners and
heat pumps. DOE requests shipment and/or installation data for space-
constrained systems to clarify the characteristics of representative
installations. See section III.B.3.
(5) DOE requests comments on its proposal to add language
clarifying how to implement variation of blower speed for different
ambient temperature test conditions. See section III.C.1.
(6) DOE seeks comment on its proposal to amend the wet bulb
temperature condition for the H4 heating tests from the existing 3
[deg]F maximum temperature to a maximum temperature of 4 [deg]F. See
section III.C.2.
(7) DOE requests comment on the proposed alignment of the VRF and
non-VRF test procedures when it comes to instruction precedence. See
section III.C.3.
(8) DOE requests comment on its proposal to add more specific
direction to step 7 of sections 3.1.4.1.1, 3.1.4.2, and 3.1.4.4.3. See
section III.C.4.
(9) DOE requests comment on the proposed change to the full-
capacity performance equations for variable-speed heat pumps in the
ambient temperature range above 45 [deg]F, adjusting the equations for
capacity and power by the ratio of capacity and power, respectively,
associated with H1N and H12 operation. See section III.C.5.
(10) DOE requests comment on its proposals to the regulatory text
in 10 CFR part 429. See section III.D.1.
C. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are listed in the DATES section at
the beginning of this document. If no participants register for the
webinar, it will be cancelled.
Webinar registration information, participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities available to webinar participants
will be published on DOE's website: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=48&action=viewlive. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible with the webinar
software. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution. Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in
this notice, or who is representative of a group or class of persons
that has an interest in these issues, may request an opportunity to
make an oral presentation at the webinar. Such persons may submit to
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format that briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the
[[Page 16854]]
topics they wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime
telephone number where they can be reached.
Persons requesting to speak should briefly describe the nature of
their interest in this rulemaking and provide a telephone number for
contact. DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least two weeks before
the webinar. At its discretion, DOE may permit persons who cannot
supply an advance copy of their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
D. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar/public
meeting and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion.
The meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing,
but DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will be present to record the
proceedings and prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and to establish the procedures
governing the conduct of the webinar/public meeting. There shall not be
discussion of proprietary information, costs or prices, market share,
or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After
the webinar/public meeting and until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further comments on the proceedings and
any aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar/public meeting will be conducted in an informal,
conference style. DOE will present a summary of the proposals, allow
time for prepared general statements by participants, and encourage all
interested parties to share their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed to make a general
statement (within time limits determined by DOE), before the discussion
of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly. Participants should
be prepared to answer questions by DOE and by other participants
concerning these issues. DOE representatives may also ask questions of
participants concerning other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The
official conducting the webinar/public meeting will accept additional
comments or questions from those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any further procedural rules or
modification of the above procedures that may be needed for the proper
conduct of the webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public meeting will be included in the
docket, which can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the
beginning of this document. In addition, any person may buy a copy of
the transcript from the transcribing reporter.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this proposed
rule.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on February
22, 2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to
delegated authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with
the original signature and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in compliance with requirements of
the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for publication, as an official document
of the Department of Energy. This administrative process in no way
alters the legal effect of this document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on February 24, 2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 430 of chapter II of title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.16 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the table 1 to paragraph (a)(1);
0
b. Revising paragraph (a)(4)(i); and
0
c. Revising the table in paragraph (b)(2)(i).
The revisions read as follows:
Sec. 429.16 Central air conditioners and central air conditioning
heat pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equipment Required represented
Category subcategory values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-Package Unit........... Single-Package AC Every individual
(including space- model distributed in
constrained). commerce.
Single-Package HP
(including space-
constrained).
[[Page 16855]]
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit Single-Split- Every individual
(Distributed in Commerce by System AC with combination
OUM). Single-Stage or distributed in
Two-Stage commerce. Each model
Compressor of outdoor unit must
(including Space- include a
Constrained and represented value
Small-Duct, High for at least one
Velocity Systems coil-only individual
(SDHV)). combination that is
distributed in
commerce and which
is representative of
the least efficient
combination
distributed in
commerce with that
particular model of
outdoor unit. For
that particular
model of outdoor
unit, additional
represented values
for coil-only and
blower-coil
individual
combinations are
allowed, if
distributed in
commerce.
Single-Split Every individual
System AC with combination
Other Than distributed in
Single-Stage or commerce, including
Two-Stage all coil-only and
Compressor blower-coil
(including Space- combinations.
Constrained and
SDHV).
Single-Split- Every individual
System HP combination
(including Space- distributed in
Constrained and commerce.
SDHV).
Multi-Split, For each model of
Multi-Circuit, outdoor unit, at a
or Multi-Head minimum, a non-
Mini-Split Split ducted ``tested
System--non-SDHV combination.'' For
(including Space- any model of outdoor
Constrained). unit also sold with
models of ducted
indoor units, a
ducted ``tested
combination.'' When
determining
represented values
on or after January
1, 2023, the ducted
``tested
combination'' must
comprise the highest
static variety of
ducted indoor unit
distributed in
commerce (i.e.,
conventional, mid-
static, or low-
static). Additional
representations are
allowed, as
described in
paragraphs (c)(3)(i)
and (c)(3)(ii) of
this section,
respectively.
Multi-Split, For each model of
Multi-Circuit, outdoor unit, an
or Multi-Head SDHV ``tested
Mini-Split Split combination.''
System--SDHV. Additional
representations are
allowed, as
described in
paragraph
(c)(3)(iii) of this
section.
Indoor Unit Only Distributed Single-Split- Every individual
in Commerce by ICM. System Air combination
Conditioner distributed in
(including Space- commerce.
Constrained and
SDHV).
Single-Split-
System Heat Pump
(including Space-
Constrained and
SDHV).
Multi-Split, For a model of indoor
Multi-Circuit, unit within each
or Multi-Head basic model, an SDHV
Mini-Split Split ``tested
System--SDHV. combination.''
Additional
representations are
allowed, as
described in section
(c)(3)(iii) of this
section.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outdoor Unit with no Match Every model of
outdoor unit
distributed in
commerce (tested
with a model of coil-
only indoor unit as
specified in
paragraph (b)(2)(i)
of this section).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
(4) * * *
(i) Regional. A basic model (model of outdoor unit) may only be
certified as compliant with a regional standard if all individual
combinations within that basic model meet the regional standard for
which it is certified, including the coil-only combination as specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, as applicable. A model of outdoor
unit that is certified below a regional standard can only be rated and
certified as compliant with a regional standard if the model of outdoor
unit has a unique model number and has been certified as a different
basic model for distribution in each region, where the basic model(s)
certified as compliant with a regional standard meet the requirements
of the first sentence. An ICM cannot certify an individual combination
with a rating that is compliant with a regional standard if the
individual combination includes a model of outdoor unit that the OUM
has certified with a rating that is not compliant with a regional
standard. Conversely, an ICM cannot certify an individual combination
with a rating that is not compliant with a regional standard if the
individual combination includes a model of outdoor unit that an OUM has
certified with a rating that is compliant with a regional standard.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) * * *
Table 2 to Paragraph (b)(2)(i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Equipment subcategory Must test: With:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-Package Unit.............. Single-Package AC The individual model N/A.
(including Space- with the lowest SEER
Constrained). (when testing in
Single-Package HP accordance with
(including Space- appendix M to subpart B
Constrained). of part 430) or SEER2
(when testing in
accordance with
appendix M1 to subpart
B of part 430).
[[Page 16856]]
Outdoor Unit and Indoor Unit Single-Split-System AC The model of outdoor A model of coil-only
(Distributed in Commerce by OUM). with Single-Stage or Two- unit. indoor unit.
Stage Compressor
(including Space-
Constrained and Small-
Duct, High Velocity
Systems (SDHV)).
Single-Split-System HP The model of outdoor A model of indoor unit.
with Single-Stage or Two- unit.
Stage Compressor
(including Space-
Constrained and SDHV).
Single-Split System AC or The model of outdoor A model of coil-only
HP with Other Than unit. indoor unit. If the
Single-Stage or Two- outdoor unit is
Stage Compressor having distributed in commerce
a coil-only individual in a non-communicating
combination (including variable-speed coil-
Space-Constrained and only combination, the
SDHV). tested combination must
be non-communicating.
Single-Split System AC or The model of outdoor A model of indoor unit.
HP with Other Than unit.
Single-Stage or Two-
Stage Compressor without
a coil-only individual
combination (including
Space-Constrained and
SDHV).
Multi-Split, Multi- The model of outdoor At a minimum, a ``tested
Circuit, or Multi-Head unit. combination'' composed
Mini-Split Split System-- entirely of non-ducted
non-SDHV (including indoor units. For any
Space-Constrained). models of outdoor units
also sold with models
of ducted indoor units,
test a second ``tested
combination'' composed
entirely of ducted
indoor units (in
addition to the non-
ducted combination). If
testing under appendix
M1 to subpart B of part
430, the ducted
``tested combination''
must comprise the
highest static variety
of ducted indoor unit
distributed in commerce
(i.e., conventional,
mid-static, or low-
static).
Multi-Split, Multi- The model of outdoor A ``tested combination''
Circuit, or Multi-Head unit. composed entirely of
Mini-Split Split System-- SDHV indoor units.
SDHV.
Indoor Unit Only (Distributed in Single-Split-System Air A model of indoor unit.. The least efficient
Commerce by ICM). Conditioner (including model of outdoor unit
Space-Constrained and with which it will be
SDHV). paired where the least
efficient model of
outdoor unit is the
model of outdoor unit
in the lowest SEER
combination (when
testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part
430) or SEER2
combination (when
testing under appendix
M1 to subpart B of part
430) as certified by
the OUM. If there are
multiple models of
outdoor unit with the
same lowest SEER (when
testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part
430) or SEER2 (when
testing under appendix
M1 to subpart B of part
430) represented value,
the ICM may select one
for testing purposes.
Single-Split-System Heat Nothing, as long as an ........................
Pump (including Space- equivalent air
Constrained and SDHV). conditioner basic model
has been tested. If an
equivalent air
conditioner basic model
has not been tested,
must test a model of
indoor unit.
[[Page 16857]]
Multi-Split, Multi- A model of indoor unit.. A ``tested combination''
Circuit, or Multi-Head composed entirely of
Mini-Split Split System-- SDHV indoor units,
SDHV. where the outdoor unit
is the least efficient
model of outdoor unit
with which the SDHV
indoor unit will be
paired. The least
efficient model of
outdoor unit is the
model of outdoor unit
in the lowest SEER
combination (when
testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part
430) or SEER2
combination (when
testing under appendix
M1 to subpart B of part
430) as certified by
the OUM. If there are
multiple models of
outdoor unit with the
same lowest SEER
represented value (when
testing under appendix
M to subpart B of part
430) or SEER2
represented value (when
testing under appendix
M1 to subpart B of part
430), the ICM may
select one for testing
purposes.
Outdoor Unit with No Match....... ......................... The model of outdoor A model of coil-only
unit. indoor unit meeting the
requirements of section
2.2e of appendix M or
M1 to subpart B of part
430.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
3. Section 429.102 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and
(iii) to read as follows:
Sec. 429.102 Prohibited acts subjecting persons to enforcement
action.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) * * *
(i) A complete central air conditioning system that is not
certified as a complete system that meets the applicable standard.
Combinations that were previously validly certified may be installed
after the manufacturer has discontinued the combination, provided all
combinations within the basic model, including for single-split-system
AC with single-stage or two-stage compressor at least one coil-only
combination as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, comply
with the regional standard applicable at the time of installation.
* * * * *
(iii) An outdoor unit that is part of a certified combination rated
less than the standard applicable in the region in which it is
installed or, where applicable, an outdoor unit with no certified coil-
only combination as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section that
meets the standard applicable in the region in which it is installed.
Sec. 429.158 [Amended]
0
4. Section 429.158 is amended by removing ``Sec. 429.102(c)'' in
paragraphs (a) and (b) and adding in its place ``Sec.
429.102(b)(10)''.
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
5. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
6. Section 430.2 is amended by revising the definition for ``Central
air conditioner or central air conditioning heat pump'' to read as
follows:
Sec. 430. 2 Definitions.
* * * * *
Central air conditioner or central air conditioning heat pump means
a product, other than a packaged terminal air conditioner, packaged
terminal heat pump, single-phase single-package vertical air
conditioner with cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h, single-phase
single-package vertical heat pump with cooling capacity less than
65,000 Btu/h, computer room air conditioner, or unitary dedicated
outdoor air system as these equipment categories are defined at 10 CFR
431.92, which is powered by single phase electric current, air cooled,
rated below 65,000 Btu per hour, not contained within the same cabinet
as a furnace, the rated capacity of which is above 225,000 Btu per
hour, and is a heat pump or a cooling unit only. A central air
conditioner or central air conditioning heat pump may consist of: A
single-package unit; an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units; an
indoor unit only; or an outdoor unit with no match. In the case of an
indoor unit only or an outdoor unit with no match, the unit must be
tested and rated as a system (combination of both an indoor and an
outdoor unit). For all central air conditioner and central air
conditioning heat pump-related definitions, see appendix M or M1 of
subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
0
7. Section 430.32 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(6)(ii) to read
as follows:
Sec. 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards and their
compliance dates.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(6) * * *
(ii) Any model of outdoor unit that has a certified combination
with a rating below the applicable standard level(s) for a region
cannot be installed in that region. The least-efficient combination of
each basic model, which for single-split-system AC with single-stage or
[[Page 16858]]
two-stage compressor (including Space-Constrained and Small-Duct High
Velocity Systems (SDHV)) must be a coil-only combination, must comply
with the applicable standard. See 10 CFR 429.16(a)(1) and (a)(4)(i) of
this chapter.
* * * * *
0
8. Appendix M to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the definition of ``Nominal Capacity'' in section 1.2;
0
b. Revising paragraph a of section 3.6.4;
0
c. Revising section 4.1.4.2;
0
d. Revising the introductory text to section 4.2.3;
0
e. Revising the equation following the word ``Where:'' in section
4.2.3.3; and
0
f. Revising section 4.2.3.4.
The revisions read as follows:
Appendix M to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
* * * * *
1. * * *
1.2 * * *
Nominal Cooling Capacity is approximate to the air conditioner
cooling capacity tested at A or A2 condition. Nominal
heating capacity is approximate to the heat pump heating capacity
tested in H1N test.
* * * * *
3. * * *
3.6.4 * * *
a. Conduct one maximum temperature test (H01), two high
temperature tests (H1N and H11), one frost
accumulation test (H2V), and one low temperature test
(H32). Conducting one or both of the following tests is
optional: An additional high temperature test (H12) and an
additional frost accumulation test (H22). If desired,
conduct the optional maximum temperature cyclic (H0C1) test
to determine the heating mode cyclic-degradation coefficient,
CD\h\. If this optional test is conducted but yields a
tested CD\h\ that exceeds the default CD\h\ or if
the optional test is not conducted, assign CD\h\ the default
value of 0.25. Test conditions for the eight tests are specified in
Table 14. The compressor shall operate at the same heating full speed,
measured by RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for the H12,
H22 and H32 tests. For a cooling/heating heat
pump, the compressor shall operate for the H1N test at a
speed, measured by RPM or power input frequency (Hz), no lower than the
speed used in the A2 test if the tested H1N
heating capacity is less than the tested A2 cooling
capacity. The compressor shall operate at the same heating minimum
speed, measured by RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for the
H01, H1C1, and H11 tests. Determine
the heating intermediate compressor speed cited in Table 14 using the
heating mode full and minimum compressors speeds and:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.001
Where a tolerance on speed of plus 5 percent or the next higher
inverter frequency step from the calculated value is allowed.
* * * * *
4. * * *
4.1.4.2 Unit Operates at an Intermediate Compressor Speed (k=i) In
Order To Match the Building Cooling Load at Temperature Tj,Qck=1(Tj) <
BL(Tj) < Qck=2(Tj).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.002
where:
Qck=i(Tj) = BL(Tj), the
space cooling capacity delivered by the unit in matching the
building load at temperature Tj, Btu/h. The matching
occurs with the unit operating at compressor speed k=i.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.003
EERk=i(Tj) = the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when operating at a compressor
speed of k=i and temperature Tj, Btu/h per W.
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the cooling season,
nj/N, from Table 19. For each temperature bin where the unit
operates at an intermediate compressor speed, determine the energy
efficiency ratio EERk=i(Tj) using,
EERk=i(Tj) = A + B * Tj + C * Tj2.
For each unit, determine the coefficients A, B, and C by conducting
the following calculations once:
A = EERk=2(T2)-(B * T2)-(C * T22)
[[Page 16859]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.004
where:
T1 = the outdoor temperature at which the unit, when
operating at minimum compressor speed, provides a space cooling
capacity that is equal to the building load
(Qck=1(T1) = BL(T1)),
[deg]F. Determine T1 by equating Equations 4.1.3-1 and
4.1-2 and solving for outdoor temperature.
Tv = the outdoor temperature at which the unit, when
operating at the intermediate compressor speed used during the
section 3.2.4 Ev test of this appendix, provides a space
cooling capacity that is equal to the building load
(Qck=v(Tv) = BL(Tv)),
[deg]F. Determine Tv by equating Equations 4.1.4-3 and
4.1-2 and solving for outdoor temperature.
T2 = the outdoor temperature at which the unit, when
operating at full compressor speed, provides a space cooling
capacity that is equal to the building load
(Qck=2(T2) = BL(T2)),
[deg]F. Determine T2 by equating Equations 4.1.3-3 and
4.1-2 and solving for outdoor temperature.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.005
* * * * *
4.2 * * *
4.2.3
Additional Steps for Calculating the HSPF of a Heat Pump Having a Two-
Capacity Compressor
The calculation of the Equation 4.2-1 quantities differ depending
upon whether the heat pump would operate at low capacity (section
4.2.3.1 of this appendix), cycle between low and high capacity (section
4.2.3.2 of this appendix), or operate at high capacity (sections
4.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.4 of this appendix) in responding to the building
load. For heat pumps that lock out low capacity operation at low
outdoor temperatures, the outdoor temperature at which the unit locks
out must be that specified by the manufacturer in the certification
report so that the appropriate equations can be selected.
* * * * *
4.2.3.3 Heat Pump Only Operates at High (k=2) Compressor Capacity at
Temperature Tj and Its Capacity Is Greater Than the Building Heating
Load, BL(Tj) < Qhk=2(Tj)
* * * * *
Xk=2(Tj) = BL(Tj)/Qhk=2(Tj); and
PLFj = 1-CDh (k=2) * [1-Xk=2(Tj)].
* * * * *
4.2.3.4 Heat Pump Must Operate Continuously at High (k=2) Compressor
Capacity at Temperature Tj, BL(Tj) = Qhk=2(Tj)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.006
where:
[[Page 16860]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.007
* * * * *
0
9. Appendix M1 to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
0
a. Adding in alphabetical order definitions for ``Variable-speed
Communicating Coil-only Central Air Conditioner or Heat Pump'' and
``Variable-speed Non-communicating Coil-only Central Air Conditioner or
Heat Pump'' in section 1.2;
0
b. Revising paragraph (B) and the undesignated paragraph following it
in section 2;
0
c. Revising section 3.1.2;
0
d. Revising paragraphs a. and b. in section 3.1.4.1.1;
0
e. Revising paragraphs a. and b. and adding paragraph f in section
3.1.4.2:
0
f. Revising paragraph b. and adding paragraph d. in section 3.1.4.3;
0
g. Revising paragraph a. in section 3.1.4.4.3;
0
h. Adding paragraph d. in section 3.1.4.6;
0
i. Revising section 3.1.4.7;
0
j. Revising paragraph a., adding paragraph d., and revising Table 8 in
section 3.2.4;
0
k. Revising paragraph d., redesignating paragraph e. as paragraph f.,
and adding a new paragraph e. in section 3.3;
0
l. Revising the introductory text, redesignating paragraphs a. and b.
as c. and d., respectively, adding new paragraphs a. and b., and
revising newly redesignated paragraph c. in section 3.5.1;
0
m. Revising Table 11 in section 3.6.1;
0
n. Revising Table 12 in section 3.6.2;
0
o. Revising Table 13 in section 3.6.3
0
p. Revising section 3.6.4 and adding sections 3.6.4.1 and 3.6.4.2.;
0
q. Revising Table 15 in section 3.6.6;
0
r. Revising paragraph c., redesignating paragraphs d. and e. as e. and
f., respectively, and adding new paragraph d. in section 3.7;
0
s. Revising paragraph b. in section 3.8;
0
t. Revising paragraph b. in section 3.9.1;
0
u. Revising section 4.1.4;
0
v. Adding sections 4.1.4.2.1 and 4.1.4.2.2;
0
w. Revising the language after ``Table 20'' and before paragraph a.,
including Equation 4.2-2, in section 4.2;
0
x. Revising the introductory text for section 4.2.3.;
0
y. Revising section 4.2.3.4;
0
z. Revising paragraphs a., b., c., and e., in section 4.2.4;
0
aa. Revising sections 4.2.4.1 and 4.2.4.2; and
0
bb. Removing the language ``and Xk=3(Tj) =
Xk=2(Tj)'' and adding in its place ``and
Xk=3(Tj) = 1 - Xk=2(Tj),''
in section 4.2.6.5.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Appendix M1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
* * * * *
1.2 * * *
Variable-speed Communicating Coil-only Central Air Conditioner
or Heat Pump means a variable-speed compressor system having a coil-
only indoor unit that is installed with a control system that:
(a) Communicates the difference in space temperature and space
setpoint temperature (not a setpoint value inferred from on/off
thermostat signals) to the control that sets compressor speed;
(b) Provides a signal to the indoor fan to set fan speed
appropriate for compressor staging; and
(c) Has installation instructions indicating that the control
system having these capabilities must be installed.
* * * * *
Variable-speed Non-communicating Coil-only Central Air
Conditioner or Heat Pump means a variable-speed compressor system
having a coil-only indoor unit that is does not meet the definition
of variable-speed communicating coil-only central air conditioner or
heat pump.
* * * * *
2 * * *
(B) For systems other than VRF, only a subset of the sections
listed in this test procedure apply when testing and determining
represented values for a particular unit. Table 1 shows the sections
of the test procedure that apply to each system. This table is meant
to assist manufacturers in finding the appropriate sections of the
test procedure. Manufacturers are responsible for determining which
sections apply to each unit tested based on the model
characteristics. The appendix sections provide the specific
requirements for testing. To use Table 1, first refer to the
sections listed under ``all units''. Then refer to additional
requirements based on:
(1) System configuration(s),
(2) The compressor staging or modulation capability, and
(3) Any special features.
Testing requirements for space-constrained products do not
differ from similar products that are not space-constrained, and
thus space-constrained products are not listed separately in this
table. Air conditioners and heat pumps are not listed separately in
this table, but heating procedures and calculations apply only to
heat pumps.
The ``manufacturer's published instructions,'' as stated in
section 8.2 of ASHRAE Standard 37-2009 (incorporated by reference,
see Sec. 430.3) and ``manufacturer's installation instructions''
discussed in this appendix mean the manufacturer's installation
instructions that come packaged with the unit or appear in the
labels applied to the unit. Manufacturer's installation instructions
do not include online manuals. Installation instructions that appear
in the labels applied to the unit shall take precedence over
installation instructions that come packaged with the unit.
* * * * *
3.1.2 Manufacturer-Provided Equipment Overrides
Where needed, the manufacturer must provide a means for
overriding the controls of the test unit so that the compressor(s)
operates at the specified speed or capacity and the indoor blower
operates at the specified speed or delivers the specified air volume
rate. For variable-speed non-communicating coil-only air
conditioners and heat pumps, the control system shall be provided
with a control signal indicating operation at high or low stage,
rather than testing with the compressor speed fixed at specific
speeds, with the exception that compressor speed override may be
used for heating mode test H12.
* * * * *
3.1.4.1.1 * * *
a. For all ducted blower coil systems, except those having a
constant-air-volume-rate indoor blower:
Step (1) Operate the unit under conditions specified for the A
test (for single-stage units) or A2 test (for non-single-
stage units) using the certified fan speed or controls settings, and
adjust the exhaust fan of the airflow
[[Page 16861]]
measuring apparatus to achieve the certified Cooling full-load air
volume rate;
Step (2) Measure the external static pressure;
Step (3) If this external static pressure is equal to or greater
than the applicable minimum external static pressure cited in Table
4, the pressure requirement is satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this
section. If this external static pressure is not equal to or greater
than the applicable minimum external static pressure cited in Table
4, proceed to step 4 of this section;
Step (4) Increase the external static pressure by adjusting the
exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until the first to
occur of:
(i) The applicable Table 4 minimum is equaled or
(ii) The measured air volume rate equals 90 percent or less of
the Cooling full-load air volume rate;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i) of this section occur
first, the pressure requirement is satisfied; proceed to step 7 of
this section. If the conditions of step 4 (ii) of this section occur
first, proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change to the setup of the indoor
blower (e.g., next highest fan motor pin setting, next highest fan
motor speed) and repeat the evaluation process beginning above, at
step 1 of this section. If the indoor blower setup cannot be further
changed, increase the external static pressure by adjusting the
exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until the applicable
Table 4 minimum is equaled; proceed to step 7 of this section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have been satisfied. Use the
measured air volume rate as the Cooling full-load air volume rate.
Use the final indoor fan speed or control settings of the unit under
test for all tests that use the Cooling full-load air volume rate.
Adjust the fan of the airflow measurement apparatus if needed to
obtain the same full-load air volume rate (in scfm) for all such
tests, unless the system modulates indoor blower speed with outdoor
dry bulb temperature or to adjust the sensible to total cooling
capacity ratio--in this case, use an air volume rate that represents
a normal installation and calculate the target external static
pressure as described in section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
b. For ducted blower coil systems with a constant-air-volume-
rate indoor blower. For all tests that specify the Cooling full-load
air volume rate, obtain an external static pressure as close to (but
not less than) the applicable Table 4 value that does not cause
either automatic shutdown of the indoor blower or a value of air
volume rate variation QVar, defined as follows, that is
greater than 10 percent.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.008
Where:
Qmax = maximum measured airflow value
Qmin = minimum measured airflow value
QVar = airflow variance, percent
Additional test steps as described in section 3.3.f of this
appendix are required if the measured external static pressure exceeds
the target value by more than 0.03 inches of water.
* * * * *
3.1.4.2 * * *
a. For a ducted blower coil system without a constant-air-volume
indoor blower, adjust for external static pressure as follows:
Step (1) Operate the unit under conditions specified for the
B1 test using the certified fan speed or controls settings,
and adjust the exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus to
achieve the certified cooling minimum air volume rate;
Step (2) Measure the external static pressure;
Step (3) If this pressure is equal to or greater than the minimum
external static pressure computed above, the pressure requirement is
satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this section. If this pressure is not
equal to or greater than the minimum external static pressure computed
above, proceed to step 4 of this section;
Step (4) Increase the external static pressure by adjusting the
exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until either:
(i) The pressure is equal to the minimum external static pressure,
[Delta]Pst_i, computed above or
(ii) The measured air volume rate equals 90 percent or less of the
cooling minimum air volume rate, whichever occurs first;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i) of this section occur
first, the pressure requirement is satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this
section. If the conditions of step 4 (ii) of this section occur first,
proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change to the setup of the indoor
blower (e.g., next highest fan motor pin setting, next highest fan
motor speed) and repeat the evaluation process beginning above, at step
1 of this section. If the indoor blower setup cannot be further
changed, increase the external static pressure by adjusting the exhaust
fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until it equals the minimum
external static pressure computed above; proceed to step 7 of this
section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have been satisfied. Use the
measured air volume rate as the cooling minimum air volume rate. Use
the final indoor fan speed or control settings of the unit under test
for all tests that use the cooling minimum air volume rate. Adjust the
fan of the airflow measurement apparatus if needed to obtain the same
cooling minimum air volume rate (in scfm) for all such tests, unless
the system modulates the indoor blower speed with outdoor dry bulb
temperature or to adjust the sensible to total cooling capacity ratio--
in this case, use an air volume rate that represents a normal
installation and calculate the target minimum external static pressure
as described in this section 3.1.4.2.
b. For ducted units with constant-air-volume indoor blowers,
conduct all tests that specify the cooling minimum air volume rate--
(i.e., the A1, B1, C1, F1,
and G1 Tests)--at an external static pressure that does not
cause either an automatic shutdown of the indoor blower or a value of
air volume rate variation QVar, defined in section
3.1.4.1.1.b of this appendix, that is greater than 10 percent, while
being as close to, but not less than the target minimum external static
pressure. Additional test steps as described in section 3.3.f of this
appendix are required if the measured external static pressure exceeds
the target value by more than 0.03 inches of water.
* * * * *
f. For ducted variable-speed compressor systems tested with a coil-
only indoor unit, the cooling minimum air volume rate is the higher of:
(1) The rate specified by the installation instructions included
with the unit by the manufacturer; or
(2) 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate. During the
laboratory tests on a coil-only (fanless) system, obtain this cooling
minimum air volume rate regardless of the pressure drop across the
indoor coil assembly.
* * * * *
3.1.4.3 * * *
b. For a ducted blower coil system with a constant-air-volume
indoor blower, conduct the EV Test at an external static
pressure that does not cause either an automatic shutdown of the indoor
blower or a value of air volume rate variation QVar, defined
in section 3.1.4.1.1.b of this appendix, that is greater than 10
percent, while being as close to, but not less than the target minimum
external static pressure. Additional test steps as described in section
3.3.f of this appendix are required if the measured external static
pressure exceeds the target value by more than 0.03 inches of water.
* * * * *
d. For ducted variable-speed compressor systems tested with a coil-
only indoor unit, use the cooling minimum air volume rate as determined
in section 3.1.4.2(f) of this appendix, without regard to the pressure
drop across the indoor coil assembly.
* * * * *
[[Page 16862]]
3.1.4.4.3 * * *
a. For all ducted heating-only blower coil system heat pumps,
except those having a constant-air-volume-rate indoor blower: Conduct
the following steps only during the first test, the H1 or
H12 test:
Step (1) Adjust the exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus
to achieve the certified heating full-load air volume rate.
Step (2) Measure the external static pressure.
Step (3) If this pressure is equal to or greater than the Table 4
minimum external static pressure that applies given the heating-only
heat pump's rated heating capacity, the pressure requirement is
satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this section. If this pressure is not
equal to or greater than the applicable Table 4 minimum external static
pressure, proceed to step 4 of this section;
Step (4) Increase the external static pressure by adjusting the
exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until either:
(i) The pressure is equal to the applicable Table 4 minimum
external static pressure; or
(ii) The measured air volume rate equals 90 percent or less of the
heating full-load air volume rate, whichever occurs first;
Step (5) If the conditions of step 4 (i) of this section occur
first, the pressure requirement is satisfied; proceed to step 7 of this
section. If the conditions of step 4 (ii) of this section occur first,
proceed to step 6 of this section;
Step (6) Make an incremental change to the setup of the indoor
blower (e.g., next highest fan motor pin setting, next highest fan
motor speed) and repeat the evaluation process beginning above, at step
1 of this section. If the indoor blower setup cannot be further
changed, increase the external static pressure by adjusting the exhaust
fan of the airflow measuring apparatus until it equals the applicable
Table 4 minimum external static pressure; proceed to step 7 of this
section;
Step (7) The airflow constraints have been satisfied. Use the
measured air volume rate as the heating full-load air volume rate. Use
the final indoor fan speed or control settings of the unit under test
for all tests that use the heating full-load air volume rate. Adjust
the fan of the airflow measurement apparatus if needed to obtain the
same heating full-load air volume rate (in scfm) for all such tests,
unless the system modulates indoor blower speed with outdoor dry bulb
temperature--in this case, use an air volume rate that represents a
normal installation and calculate the target minimum external static
pressure as described in section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
* * * * *
3.1.4.6 * * *
d. For ducted variable-speed compressor systems tested with a coil-
only indoor unit, use the heating minimum air volume rate, which (as
specified in section 3.1.4.5.1.a.(3) of this appendix) is equal to the
cooling minimum air volume rate, without regard to the pressure drop
across the indoor coil assembly.
* * * * *
3.1.4.7 Heating Nominal Air Volume Rate
The manufacturer must specify the heating nominal air volume rate
and the instructions for setting fan speed or controls. Calculate
target minimum external static pressure as described in section 3.1.4.2
of this appendix. Make adjustments as described in section 3.1.4.6 of
this appendix for heating intermediate air volume rate so that the
target minimum external static pressure is met or exceeded. For ducted
variable-speed compressor systems tested with a coil-only indoor unit,
use the heating full-load air volume rate as the heating nominal air
volume rate.
* * * * *
3.2.4 * * *
a. Conduct five steady-state wet coil tests: The A2,
EV, B2, B1, and F1 Tests
(the EV test is not applicable for variable speed non-
communicating coil-only air conditioners and heat pumps). Use the two
optional dry-coil tests, the steady-state G1 Test and the
cyclic I1 Test, to determine the cooling mode cyclic
degradation coefficient, CDc. If the two optional
tests are conducted and yield a tested CDc that
exceeds the default CDc or if the two optional
tests are not conducted, assign CDc the default
value of 0.25. Table 8 specifies test conditions for these seven tests.
The compressor shall operate at the same cooling full speed, measured
by RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for both the A2 and
B2 tests. The compressor shall operate at the same cooling
minimum speed, measured by RPM or power input frequency (Hz), for the
B1, F1, G1, and I1 tests.
Determine the cooling intermediate compressor speed cited in Table 8,
as required, using:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.009
where a tolerance of plus 5 percent or the next higher inverter
frequency step from that calculated is allowed.
* * * * *
d. For variable-speed non-communicating coil-only air conditioners
and heat pumps, the manufacturer-provided equipment overrides for full
and minimum compressor speed described in section 3.1.2 of appendix M1
shall be limited to two stages of digital on/off control.
[[Page 16863]]
Table 8--Cooling Mode Test Condition for Units Having a Variable-Speed Compressor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit Air entering outdoor unit
temperature ([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F)
Test description ---------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor speed Cooling air volume rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A2 Test--required (steady, wet coil). 80 67 95 \1\ 75 Cooling Full............ \2\ Cooling Full-Load.
B2 Test--required (steady, wet coil). 80 67 82 \1\ 65 Cooling Full............ \2\ Cooling Full-Load.
EV Test--required \7\ (steady, wet 80 67 87 \1\ 69 Cooling Intermediate.... \3\ Cooling
coil). Intermediate.
B1 Test--required (steady, wet coil). 80 67 82 \1\65 Cooling Minimum......... \4\ Cooling Minimum.
F1 Test--required (steady, wet coil). 80 67 67 \1\53.5 Cooling Minimum......... \4\ Cooling Minimum.
G1 Test \5\--optional (steady, dry- 80 (\6\) 67 .............. Cooling Minimum......... \4\ Cooling Minimum.
coil).
I1 Test \5\--optional (cyclic, dry- 80 (\6\) 67 .............. Cooling Minimum......... (\6\)
coil).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The specified test condition only applies if the unit rejects condensate to the outdoor coil.
\2\ Defined in section 3.1.4.1 of this appendix.
\3\ Defined in section 3.1.4.3 of this appendix.
\4\ Defined in section 3.1.4.2 of this appendix.
\5\ The entering air must have a low enough moisture content so no condensate forms on the indoor coil. DOE recommends using an indoor air wet bulb
temperature of 57 [deg]F or less.
\6\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure difference or velocity
pressure as measured during the G1 Test.
\7\ The EV test is not applicable for variable-speed non-communicating coil-only air conditioners and heat pumps.
* * * * *
3.3 * * *
d. For mobile home and space-constrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
wet coil tests that specify the cooling minimum air volume rate or
cooling intermediate air volume rate (i.e., the A1,
B1, EV, and F1 tests) and for which
the minimum or intermediate air volume rate is 75 percent of the
cooling full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.010
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
wet coil tests that specify the cooling full-load air volume rate
(i.e., the A2 and B2 tests) or tests using a
minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is greater than 75 percent
of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[[Page 16864]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.011
where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
e. For non-mobile, non-space-constrained home ducted coil-only
system tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
wet coil tests that specify the cooling minimum air volume rate or
cooling intermediate air volume rate (i.e., the A1,
B1, EV, and F1 tests) and for which
the minimum or intermediate air volume rate is 75 percent of the
cooling full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.012
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
wet coil tests that specify the cooling full-load air volume rate
(i.e., the A2 and B2 tests) or tests using a
minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is greater than 75 percent
of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[[Page 16865]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.013
where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
Table 9--Test Operating and Test Condition Tolerances for Section 3.3
Steady-State Wet Coil Cooling Mode Tests and Section 3.4 Dry Coil
Cooling Mode Tests
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test operating Test condition
tolerance \1\ tolerance \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indoor dry-bulb, [deg]F:
Entering temperature................ 2.0 0.5
Leaving temperature................. 2.0 ..............
Indoor wet-bulb, [deg]F:
Entering temperature................ 1.0 \2\ 0.3
Leaving temperature................. \2\ 1.0 ..............
Outdoor dry-bulb, [deg]F:
Entering temperature................ 2.0 0.5
Leaving temperature................. \3\ 2.0 ..............
Outdoor wet-bulb, [deg]F:
Entering temperature................ 1.0 \4\ 0.3
Leaving temperature................. \3\ 1.0 ..............
External resistance to airflow, inches 0.05 \5\ 0.02
of water...............................
Electrical voltage, % of reading........ 2.0 1.5
Nozzle pressure drop, % of reading...... 2.0 ..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See section 1.2 of this appendix, Definitions.
\2\ Only applies during wet coil tests; does not apply during steady-
state, dry coil cooling mode tests.
\3\ Only applies when using the outdoor air enthalpy method.
\4\ Only applies during wet coil cooling mode tests where the unit
rejects condensate to the outdoor coil.
\5\ Only applies when testing non-ducted units.
* * * * *
3.5.1 * * *
The automatic controls that are installed in the test unit must
govern the OFF/ON cycling of the air moving equipment on the indoor
side (i.e. the exhaust fan of the airflow measuring apparatus and the
indoor blower of the test unit). For ducted coil-only systems rated
based on using a fan time-delay relay, control the indoor coil airflow
according to the OFF delay listed by the manufacturer in the
certification report. For ducted units having a variable-speed indoor
blower that has been disabled (and possibly removed), start and stop
the indoor airflow at the same instances as if the fan were enabled.
For all other ducted coil-only systems, cycle the indoor coil airflow
in unison with the cycling of the compressor. If air damper boxes are
used, close them on the inlet and outlet side during the OFF period.
Airflow through the indoor coil should stop within 3 seconds after the
automatic controls of the test unit de-energize (or if the airflow
system has been disabled (and possibly removed), within 3 seconds after
the automatic controls of the test unit would have de-energized) the
indoor blower.
a. For mobile home and space-constrained ducted coil-only systems,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic dry-
coil tests that specify the cooling minimum air volume rate (i.e., the
D1 and I1 tests) and for which the minimum air
volume rate is 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate,
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity,
[[Page 16866]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.014
where VS is the average indoor air volume rate from the
section 3.4 dry coil steady-state test and is expressed in units of
cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic dry-
coil tests that specify the cooling full-load air volume rate (i.e.,
the D2 test) or tests using a minimum air volume rate that
is greater than 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.015
(3) For single-stage systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests (i.e.,
the D test) increase ecyc,dry by the quantity calculated in
Equation 3.5-4 and decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5-5
b. For ducted, non-mobile, non-space-constrained home coil-only
units,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic dry-
coil tests that specify the cooling minimum air volume rate (i.e., the
D1 and I1 tests) and for which the minimum air
volume rate is 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate,
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.016
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic dry-
coil tests that specify the cooling full-load air volume rate (i.e.,
the D2 test) or tests using a minimum air volume rate that
is greater than 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate
increase ecyc,dry by the quantity,
[[Page 16867]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.017
(3) For single-stage systems, for all cyclic dry-coil tests (i.e.,
the D test) increase ecyc,dry by the quantity calculated in
Equation 3.5-8 and decrease qcyc,dry by the quantity
calculated in Equation 3.5-9
c. For units having a variable-speed indoor blower that is disabled
during the cyclic test, increase ecyc,dry and decrease
qcyc,dry based on: The product of [[tau]2-
[tau]1] and the indoor blower power (in W) measured during
or following the dry coil steady-state test; or,
* * * * *
3.6 * * *
3.6.1 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a Single-Speed Compressor and Fixed
Heating Air Volume Rate
* * * * *
Table 11--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Units Having a Single-Speed Compressor and a Fixed-Speed Indoor
Blower, a Constant Air Volume Rate Indoor Blower, or Coil-Only
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit Air entering outdoor unit
temperature ([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F) Heating air
Test description ------------------------------------------------------------------ volume rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H1 test (required, steady)... 70 60 (max)....... 47 43............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H1C test (optional, cyclic).. 70 60 (max)....... 47 43............. (\2\)
H2 test (required)........... 70 60 (max)....... 35 33............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H3 test (required, steady)... 70 60 (max)....... 17 15............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H4 test (optional, steady)... 70 60 (max)....... 5 4 (max)........ Heating Full-
Load.\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\2\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the
same pressure or velocity as measured during the H1 test.
* * * * *
3.6.2 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a Single-Speed Compressor and a
Single Indoor Unit Having Either (1) a Variable-Speed, Variable-Air-
Rate Indoor Blower Whose Capacity Modulation Correlates With Outdoor
Dry Bulb Temperature or (2) Multiple Indoor Blowers
* * * * *
Table 12--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Units With a Single-Speed Compressor That Meet the Section 3.6.2
Indoor Unit Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit Air entering outdoor unit
temperature ([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F) Heating air
Test description ------------------------------------------------------------------ volume rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H12 test (required, steady).. 70 60 (max)....... 47 43............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H11 test (required, steady).. 70 60 (max)....... 47 43............. Heating
Minimum.\2\
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic). 70 60 (max)....... 47 43............. (\3\)
H22 test (required).......... 70 60 (max)....... 35 33............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H21 test (optional).......... 70 60 (max)....... 35 33............. Heating
Minimum.\2\
H32 test (required, steady).. 70 60 (max)....... 17 15............. Heating Full-
Load.\1\
H31 test (required, steady).. 70 60 (max)....... 17 15............. Heating
Minimum\2\
H42 test (optional, steady).. 70 60 (max)....... 5 4 (max)........ Heating Full-
Load.\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\2\ Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
[[Page 16868]]
\3\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the
same pressure or velocity as measured during the H11 test.
* * * * *
3.6.3 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a Two-Capacity Compressor (see
Section 1.2 of This Appendix, Definitions), Including Two-Capacity,
Northern Heat Pumps (see Section 1.2 of This Appendix, Definitions)
* * * * *
Table 13--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Units Having a Two-Capacity Compressor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit temperature Air entering outdoor unit
([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F) Heating air volume
Test description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor capacity rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H01 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 62 56.5................ Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H12 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H1C2 test (optional,\7\ cyclic).. 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. High................ (\3\)
H11 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic)..... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Low................. (\4\)
H22 test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H21 test\5,6\ (required)......... 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H32 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H31 test\5\ (required, steady)... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H42 test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 5 4 (max)............. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
\2\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\3\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H12 test.
\4\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H11 test.
\5\ Required only if the heat pump's performance when operating at low compressor capacity and outdoor temperatures less than 37 [deg]F is needed to
complete the section 4.2.3 HSPF2 calculations.
\6\ If table note #5 applies, the section 3.6.3 equations for Q hk=1 (35) and E hk=1 (17) may be used in lieu of conducting the H21 test.
\7\ Required only if the heat pump locks out low-capacity operation at lower outdoor temperatures.
* * * * *
3.6.4 Tests for a Heat Pump Having a Variable-Speed Compressor
3.6.4.1. Variable-Speed Compressor Other Than Non-communicating Coil-
Only Heat Pumps
a. Conduct one maximum temperature test (H01), two high
temperature tests (H1N and H11), one frost
accumulation test (H2V), and one low temperature test
(H32). Conducting one or more of the following tests is
optional: an additional high temperature test (H12), an
additional frost accumulation test (H22), and a very low
temperature test (H42). Conduct the optional high
temperature cyclic (H1C1) test to determine the heating mode
cyclic-degradation coefficient, CDh. If this
optional test is conducted and yields a tested
CDh that exceeds the default
CDh or if the optional test is not conducted,
assign CD\h\ the default value of 0.25. Test conditions for
the nine tests are specified in Table 14A. The compressor shall operate
for the H12, H22 and H32 Tests at the
same heating full speed, measured by RPM or power input frequency (Hz),
as the maximum speed at which the system controls would operate the
compressor in normal operation in 17 [deg]F ambient temperature. The
compressor shall operate for the H1N test at the maximum
speed at which the system controls would operate the compressor in
normal operation in 47 [deg]F ambient temperature. Additionally, for a
cooling/heating heat pump, the compressor shall operate for the
H1N test at a speed, measured by RPM or power input
frequency (Hz), no lower than the speed used in the A2 test
if the tested H1N heating capacity is less than the tested
A2 cooling capacity. The compressor shall operate at the
same heating minimum speed, measured by RPM or power input frequency
(Hz), for the H01, H1C1, and H11
Tests. Determine the heating intermediate compressor speed cited in
Table 14A using the heating mode full and minimum compressors speeds
and:
[[Page 16869]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.018
where a tolerance of plus 5 percent or the next higher inverter
frequency step from that calculated is allowed.
b. If one of the high temperature tests (H12 or
H1N) is conducted using the same compressor speed (RPM or
power input frequency) as the H32 test, set the 47 [deg]F
capacity and power input values used for calculation of HSPF2 equal to
the measured values for that test:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.019
Qhk=2(47) is the capacity measured in the
high temperature test (H12 or H1N) that used the
same compressor speed as the H32 test, and
Ehk=2(47) is the power input measured in the
high temperature test (H12 or H1N) which used the
same compressor speed as the H32 test.
Evaluate the quantities Qhk=2(47) and
Ehk=2(47) according to section 3.7 of this
appendix.
Otherwise (if no high temperature test is conducted using the same
speed (RPM or power input frequency) as the H32 test),
calculate the 47 [deg]F capacity and power input values used for
calculation of HSPF2 as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.020
Qhk=2(17) is the capacity measured in the
H32 test,
Ehk=2(17) is the power input measured in the
H32 test,
CSF is the capacity slope factor, equal to 0.0204/[deg]F for split
systems and 0.0262/[deg]F for single-package systems, and
PSF is the Power Slope Factor, equal to 0.00455/[deg]F.
c. If the H22 test is not done, use the following
equations to approximate the capacity and electrical power at the
H22 test conditions:
[[Page 16870]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.021
Qhk=2(17) and Ehk=2(17)
and are the capacity and power input measured in the H32
test.
d. Determine the quantities Qhk=2(17) and
Ehk=2(17) from the H32 test, determine
the quantities Qhk=2(5) and
Ehk=2(5) from the H42 test, and
evaluate all four according to section 3.10 of this appendix.
e. For multiple-split heat pumps (only), the following procedures
supersede the above requirements. For all Table 14A tests specified for
a minimum compressor speed, turn off at least one indoor unit. The
manufacturer shall designate the particular indoor unit(s) to be turned
off. The manufacturer must also specify the compressor speed used for
the Table 14A H2V test, a heating mode intermediate
compressor speed that falls within \1/4\ and \3/4\ of the difference
between the full and minimum heating mode speeds. The manufacturer
should prescribe an intermediate speed that is expected to yield the
highest COP for the given H2V test conditions and bracketed
compressor speed range. The manufacturer can designate that one or more
specific indoor units are turned off for the H2V test.
Table 14A--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Units Having a Variable-Speed Compressor Other Than Variable-speed Non-communicating Coil-Only Heat Pumps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit temperature Air entering outdoor unit
([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F) Heating air volume
Test description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor speed rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H01 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 62 56.5................ Heating Minimum..... Heating Minimum.\1\
H12 test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Full \4\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H11 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Minimum..... Heating Minimum.\1\
H1N test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Full \5\.... Heating Nominal\7\
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic)..... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Minimum..... (\2\)
H22 test (optional).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Heating Full \4\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H2V test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Heating Intermediate Heating
Intermediate.\6\
H32 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Heating Full \4\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H42 test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 5 4 (max)............. Heating Full \8\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
\2\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H11 test.
\3\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\4\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 [deg]F ambient temperature. The H12 test is not needed
if the H1N test uses this same compressor speed.
\5\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 47 [deg]F ambient temperature.
\6\ Defined in section 3.1.4.6 of this appendix.
\7\ Defined in section 3.1.4.7 of this appendix.
\8\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation at 5 [deg]F ambient temperature.
3.6.4.2. Variable-Speed Compressor With Non-communicating Coil-Only
Heat Pumps
a. Conduct one maximum temperature test (H01), two high
temperature tests (H1N and H11), two frost
accumulation test (H22 and H21), and two low
temperature tests (H32 and H31). Conducting one
or both of the following tests is optional: An additional high
temperature test (H12) and a very low temperature test
(H42). Conduct the optional high temperature cyclic
(H1C1) test to determine the heating mode cyclic-degradation
coefficient, CDh. If this optional test is
conducted and yields a tested CDh that exceeds
the default CDh or if the optional test is not
conducted, assign CDh the default value of 0.25.
Test conditions for the ten tests are specified in Table 14B. The
compressor shall operate for the H12 and H32
tests at the same heating full speed, measured by RPM or power input
frequency (Hz), as the maximum speed at which the system controls would
operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 [deg]F ambient
temperature. The compressor shall operate for the H1N test
at the maximum speed at which the system controls would operate the
compressor in normal operation in 47 [deg]F ambient temperature.
Additionally, for a cooling/heating heat pump, the compressor shall
operate for the H1N test at a speed, measured by RPM or
power input frequency (Hz), no lower than the speed used in the
A2 test if the tested H1N heating capacity is
less than the tested A2 cooling capacity. The compressor
shall operate at the same heating minimum speed, measured by RPM or
power input frequency (Hz), for the H01, H1C1,
and H11 tests.
b. If one of the high temperature tests (H12 or
H1N) is conducted using the same compressor speed (RPM or
power
[[Page 16871]]
input frequency) as the H32 test, set the 47 [deg]F capacity
and power input values used for calculation of HSPF2 equal to the
measured values for that test:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.022
Qhk=2(47) is the capacity measured in the
high temperature test (H12 or H1N) which used the
same compressor speed as the H32 test, and
Ehk=2(47) is the power input measured in the
high temperature test (H12 or H1N) which used the
same compressor speed as the H32 test.
Evaluate the quantities Qhk=2(47) and
Ehk=2(47) according to section 3.7 of this
appendix.
Otherwise (if no high temperature test is conducted using the same
speed (RPM or power input frequency) as the H32 test),
calculate the 47 [deg]F capacity and power input values used for
calculation of HSPF2 as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.023
Qhk=2(17) is the capacity measured in the
H32 test,
Ehk=2(17) is the power input measured in the
H32 test,
CSF is the capacity slope factor, equal to 0.0204/[deg]F for split
systems, and
PSF is the Power Slope Factor, equal to 0.00455/[deg]F.
c. Determine the quantities Qhk=2(17) and
Ehk=2(17) from the H32 test, determine
the quantities Qhk=2(5) and
Ehk=2(5) from the H42 test, and
evaluate all four according to section 3.10 of this appendix.
Table 14B--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Variable-Speed Non-communicating Coil-Only Heat Pumps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit temperature Air entering outdoor unit
([deg]F) temperature ([deg]F) Heating air volume
Test description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor speed rate
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H01 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 62 56.5................ Heating Minimum..... Heating Minimum.\1\
H12 test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Full \4\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H11 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Minimum..... Heating Minimum.\1\
H1N test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Full \5\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H1C1 test (optional, cyclic)..... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Heating Minimum..... (\2\)
H22 test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Heating Full \6\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
H21 test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Heating Minimum \7\. Heating Minimum.\1\
H32 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Heating Full \4\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
[[Page 16872]]
H31 test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Heating Minimum \8\. Heating Minimum.\1\
H42 test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 5 4 (max)............. Heating Full \9\.... Heating Full-
Load.\3\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
\2\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H11 test.
\3\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\4\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 [deg]F ambient temperature. The H12 test is not needed
if the H1N test uses this same compressor speed.
\5\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 47 [deg]F ambient temperature.
\6\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 35 [deg]F ambient temperature.
\7\ Minimum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 35 [deg]F ambient temperature.
\8\ Minimum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 17 [deg]F ambient temperature.
\9\ Maximum speed that the system controls would operate the compressor in normal operation in 5 [deg]F ambient temperature.
* * * * *
3.6.6. Heating Mode Tests for Northern Heat Pumps with Triple-Capacity
Compressors
* * * * *
Table 15--Heating Mode Test Conditions for Units With a Triple-Capacity Compressor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air entering indoor unit ([deg]F) Air entering outdoor unit ([deg]F)
Test description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compressor capacity Heating air volume
Dry bulb Wet bulb Dry bulb Wet bulb rate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H01 Test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 62 56.5................ Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H12 (required, steady)........... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H1C2 Test (optional,\8\ cyclic... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. High................ (\3\)
H11 Test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H1C1 Test (optional, cyclic)..... 70 60 (max)............ 47 43.................. Low................. (\4\)
H23 Test (optional, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Booster............. Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H22 Test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H21 Test (required).............. 70 60 (max)............ 35 33.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H33 Test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Booster............. Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H3C3 Test 5 6 (optional, cyclic). 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Booster............. (\7\)
H32 Test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. High................ Heating Full-
Load.\2\
H31 Test \5\ (required, steady).. 70 60 (max)............ 17 15.................. Low................. Heating Minimum.\1\
H43 Test (required, steady)...... 70 60 (max)............ 5 4 (max)............. Booster............. Heating Full-
Load.\2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Defined in section 3.1.4.5 of this appendix.
\2\ Defined in section 3.1.4.4 of this appendix.
\3\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H12 test.
\4\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H11 test.
\5\ Required only if the heat pump's performance when operating at low compressor capacity and outdoor temperatures less than 37 [deg]F is needed to
complete the section 4.2.6 HSPF2 calculations.
\6\ If table note \5\ applies, the section 3.6.6 equations for Qhk=1(35) and Ehk=1(17) may be used in lieu of conducting the H21 test.
\7\ Maintain the airflow nozzle(s) static pressure difference or velocity pressure during the ON period at the same pressure or velocity as measured
during the H33 test.
\8\ Required only if the heat pump locks out low-capacity operation at lower outdoor temperatures
* * * * *
3.7 * * *
c. For mobile home and space-constrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
maximum temperature and high temperature tests that specify the heating
minimum air volume rate or the heating intermediate air volume rate
(i.e., the H01 and H11 tests) and for which the
minimum or intermediate air volume rate is 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.024
[[Page 16873]]
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
maximum temperature and high temperature tests that specify the heating
full-load air volume rate or the heating nominal air volume rate (i.e.,
the H12 and the H1N tests) or tests using a
minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is greater than 75 percent
of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.025
(3) For single-stage systems, for all steady-state maximum
temperature and high temperature tests (i.e., the H1 test)--
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.026
Where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
d. For non-mobile, non-space-constrained home ducted coil-only
system tests,
(1) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
maximum temperature and high temperature tests that specify the heating
minimum air volume rate or the heating intermediate air volume rate
(i.e., the H01 and H11 tests) and for which the
minimum or intermediate air volume rate is 75 percent of the cooling
full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.027
(2) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all steady-state
maximum temperature and high temperature tests that specify the heating
full-load air volume rate or the heating nominal air volume rate (i.e.,
the H12 and the H1N tests) or tests using a
minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is greater than 75 percent
of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[[Page 16874]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.028
where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
* * * * *
3.8 * * *
b. For ducted coil-only system heat pumps (excluding the special
case where a variable-speed fan is temporarily removed),
(1) For mobile home and space-constrained ducted coil-only systems
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic heating
tests that specify the heating minimum air volume rate (i.e., the
H1C1 test), increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5-3. Additionally, increase ecyc
by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-2.
(ii) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic
heating tests that specify the heating full-load air volume rate (i.e.,
the H1C2 test), increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5-5. Additionally, increase ecyc
by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-4.
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all cyclic heating tests (i.e.,
the H1C and H1C1 tests), increase qcyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5-5. Additionally, increase
ecyc by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-4.
(2) For non-mobile home and non-space-constrained ducted coil-only
systems
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic heating
tests that specify the heating minimum air volume rate (i.e., the
H1C1 test)--increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5-7. Additionally, increase ecyc
by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-6.
(ii) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all cyclic
heating tests that specify the heating full-load air volume rate (i.e.,
the H1C2 test)--increase qcyc by the amount
calculated using Equation 3.5-9. Additionally, increase ecyc
by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-8.
(iii) For single-stage systems, for all cyclic heating tests (i.e.,
the H1C and H1C1 tests)--increase qcyc by the
amount calculated using Equation 3.5-9. Additionally, increase
ecyc by the amount calculated using Equation 3.5-8.
In making these calculations, use the average indoor air volume
rate (VS) determined from the section 3.7 of this appendix
steady-state heating mode test conducted at the same test conditions.
* * * * *
3.9.1 * * *
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.029
(1) For mobile home and space-constrained ducted coil-only system
tests,
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all frost
accumulation tests that specify the heating minimum air volume rate or
the heating intermediate air volume rate (i.e., the H21 and
H2V tests) and for which the minimum or intermediate air
volume rate is 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate,
[[Page 16875]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.030
(ii) For two-stage and variable-speed systems, for all frost
accumulation tests that specify the heating full-load air volume rate
or the heating nominal air volume rate (i.e., the H22 test)
or tests using a minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is
greater than 75 percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.031
where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
(2) For non-mobile home and non-space-constrained ducted coil-only
systems,
(i) For two-stage or variable-speed systems, for all frost
accumulation tests that specify the heating minimum air volume rate or
the heating intermediate air volume rate (i.e., the H21 and H2V tests)
and for which the minimum or intermediate air volume rate is 75 percent
of the cooling full-load air volume rate,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.032
(ii) For two-stage and variable-speed systems, for all frost
accumulation tests that specify the heating full-load air volume rate
or the heating nominal air volume rate (i.e., the H22 test) or tests
using a minimum or intermediate air volume rate that is greater than 75
percent of the cooling full-load air volume rate:
[[Page 16876]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.033
where VS is the average measured indoor air volume rate
expressed in units of cubic feet per minute of standard air (scfm).
* * * * *
4.1.4 SEER2 Calculations for an Air Conditioner or Heat Pump Having a
Variable-Speed Compressor
Calculate SEER2 using Equation 4.1-1. Evaluate the space cooling
capacity, Qck=1(Tj), and electrical
power consumption, Eck=1(Tj), of the
test unit when operating at minimum compressor speed and outdoor
temperature Tj.. Use,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.034
where Qck=1(82) and
Eck=1(82) are determined from the B1
test, Qck=1(67) and
Eck=1(67) are determined from the F1 test, and
all four quantities are calculated as specified in section 3.3 of this
appendix. Evaluate the space cooling capacity,
Qck=2(Tj), and electrical power
consumption, Eck=2(Tj), of the test
unit when operating at full compressor speed and outdoor temperature
Tj. Use Equations 4.1.3-3 and 4.1.3-4, respectively, where
Qck=2(95) and Eck=2(95) are
determined from the A2 test, Qck=2(82)
and Ec\k=2\(82) are determined from the B2 test,
and all four quantities are calculated as specified in section 3.3 of
this appendix. For units other than variable-speed non-communicating
coil-only air-conditioners or heat pumps, calculate the space cooling
capacity, Qck=v(Tj), and electrical
power consumption, Eck=v(Tj), of the
test unit when operating at outdoor temperature Tj and the
intermediate compressor speed used during the section 3.2.4 (and Table
8) EV test of this appendix using,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.035
where Qck=v(87) and
Eck=v(87) are determined from the EV
test and calculated as specified in section 3.3 of this appendix.
Approximate the slopes of the k=v intermediate speed cooling capacity
and electrical power input curves, MQ and ME, as
follows:
[[Page 16877]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.036
Use Equations 4.1.4-1 and 4.1.4-2, respectively, to calculate
Qck=1(87) and Eck=1(87).
* * * * *
4.1.4.2.1 Units That Are Not Variable-Speed Non-Communicating Coil-Only
Air Conditioners or Heat Pumps
If the unit operates at an intermediate compressor speed (k=i) in
order to match the building cooling load at temperature Tj,
Qck=1(Tj) < BL(Tj) <
Qck=2(Tj).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.037
Where:
Qck=1(Tj) = BL(Tj), the
space cooling capacity delivered by the unit in matching the building
load at temperature Tj, in Btu/h. The matching occurs with
the unit operating at compressor speed k = i.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.038
EERk=i(Tj) = the steady-state energy efficiency
ratio of the test unit when operating at a compressor speed of k = i
and temperature Tj, Btu/h per W.
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the cooling season, nj/
N, from Table 19 of this section. For each temperature bin where the
unit operates at an intermediate compressor speed, determine the energy
efficiency ratio EERk=i(Tj) using the following
equations,
For each temperature bin where
Qck=1(Tj) < BL(Tj) <
Qck=v(Tj),
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.039
where:
EERk=1(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when operating at minimum
compressor speed and temperature Tj, in Btu/h per W, calculated
using capacity Qck=1(Tj) calculated
using Equation 4.1.4-1 and electrical power consumption
Eck=1(Tj) calculated using Equation
4.1.4-2;
EERk=v(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when operating at intermediate
compressor speed and temperature Tj, in Btu/h per W, calculated
using capacity Qck=v(Tj) calculated
using Equation 4.1.4-3 and electrical power consumption
Eck=v(Tj) calculated using Equation
4.1.4-4;
EERk=2(Tj) is the steady-state energy
efficiency ratio of the test unit when operating at full compressor
speed and temperature Tj, Btu/h per W, calculated using capacity
Qck=2(Tj) and electrical power
consumption Eck=2(Tj), both
calculated as described in section 4.1.4 of this appendix; and
BL(Tj) is the building cooling load at temperature
Tj, Btu/h.
[[Page 16878]]
4.1.4.2.2 Variable-Speed Non-Communicating Coil-Only Air Conditioners
or Heat Pumps
If the unit alternates between high (k=2) and low (k=1) compressor
capacity to satisfy the building cooling load at temperature
Tj, Qck=1(Tj) <
BL(Tj) < Qck=2(Tj).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.040
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.041
Xk=2(Tj) = 1-Xk=1(Tj), the
cooling mode, high capacity load factor for temperature bin j
(dimensionless).
Obtain the fractional bin hours for the cooling season, nj/
N, from Table 19. Obtain Qck=1(Tj),
Eck=1(Tj),
Qck=2(Tj), and
Eck=2(Tj) as described in section
4.1.4 of this appendix.
* * * * *
4.2 * * *
Evaluate the building heating load using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.042
where,
Tj = the outdoor bin temperature, [deg]F;
Tzl = the zero-load temperature, [deg]F, which varies by
climate region according to Table 20;
C = slope (adjustment) factor, which varies by climate region
according to Table 20. When calculating building load for a
variable-speed compressor system, substitute CVS for C;
Qc(95 [deg]F) = the cooling capacity at 95 [deg]F
determined from the A or A2 test, Btu/h. For heating-only
heat pump units, replace Qc(95 [deg]F) in Equation 4.2-2
with Qh(47 [deg]F);
Qh(47 [deg]F) = the heating capacity at 47 [deg]F
determined from the H1 test for units having a single-speed
compressor, H12 for units having a two-capacity
compressor, and H1N test for units having a variable-
speed compressor, Btu/h.
* * * * *
4.2.3 * * *
The calculation of the Equation 4.2-1 quantities differ depending
upon whether the heat pump would operate at low capacity (section
4.2.3.1 of this appendix), cycle between low and high capacity (section
4.2.3.2 of this appendix), or operate at high capacity (sections
4.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.4 of this appendix) in responding to the building
load. For heat pumps that lock out low capacity operation at low
outdoor temperatures, the outdoor temperature at which the unit locks
out must be that specified by the manufacturer in the certification
report so that the appropriate equations can be selected.
* * * * *
4.2.3.4 Heat Pump Must Operate Continuously at High (k=2) Compressor
Capacity at Temperature Tj, BL(Tj) =
Qhk=2(Tj)
[[Page 16879]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.043
4.2.4 * * *
a. Minimum Compressor Speed.
For units other than variable-speed non-communicating coil-only
heat pumps, evaluate the space heating capacity,
Qhk=1(Tj), and electrical power
consumption, Ehk=1(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at minimum compressor speed and outdoor temperature
Tj using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.044
where Qhk=1(62) and
Ehk=1(62) are determined from the H01
test, Qhk=1(47) and
Ehk=1(47) are determined from the H11
test, and all four quantities are calculated as specified in section
3.7 of this appendix.
For variable-speed non-communicating coil-only heat pumps, when
Tj is greater than or equal to 47 [deg]F, evaluate the space
heating capacity, Qhk=1(Tj), and
electrical power consumption,
Ehk=1(Tj), of the heat pump when
operating at minimum compressor speed as described in Equations 4.2.4-1
and 4.2.4-2, respectively. When Tj is less than 47 [deg]F,
evaluate the space heating capacity,
Qhk=1(Tj), and electrical power
consumption, Ehk=1(Tj) using
[[Page 16880]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.045
and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.046
where Qhk=1(47) and
Ehk=1(47) are determined from the H11
test, and both quantities are calculated as specified in section 3.7 of
this appendix; Qhk=1(35) and
Ehk=1(35) are determined from the H21
test, and are calculated as specified in section 3.9 of this appendix;
Qhk=1(17) and Ehk=1(17) are
determined from the H31 test, and are calculated as
specified in section 3.10 of this appendix; and
Qhk=2(Tj) and
Ehk=2(Tj) are calculated as described
in section 4.2.4.c or 4.2.4.d of this appendix, as appropriate.
b. Minimum Compressor Speed for Minimum-speed-limiting Variable-
speed Heat Pumps: For units other than variable-speed non-communicating
coil-only heat pumps, evaluate the space heating capacity,
Qhk=1(Tj), and electrical power
consumption, Ehk=1(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at minimum compressor speed and outdoor temperature
Tj using
[[Page 16881]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.047
where Qhk=1(62) and
Ehk=1(62) are determined from the H01
test, Qhk=1(47) and
Ehk=1(47) are determined from the H11
test, and all four quantities are calculated as specified in section
3.7 of this appendix; Qhk=v(35) and
Ehk=v(35) are determined from the H2v
test and are calculated as specified in section 3.9 of this appendix;
and Qhk=v(Tj) and
Ehk=v(Tj) are calculated using
equations 4.2.4-7 and 4.2.4-8, respectively.
For variable-speed non-communicating coil-only heat pumps, evaluate
the space heating capacity, Qhk=1(Tj),
and electrical power consumption,
Ehk=1(Tj), of the heat pump as
described in section 4.2.4.a, using Equations 4.2.4-1, 4.2.4-2, 4.2.4-3
and 4.2.4-4, as appropriate.
c. Full Compressor Speed for Heat Pumps for which the
H42 test is not conducted.
Evaluate the space heating capacity,
Qhk=2(Tj), and electrical power
consumption, Ehk=2(Tj), of the heat
pump when operating at full compressor speed and outdoor temperature
Tj using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.048
and
[[Page 16882]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.049
Determine Qhk=N(47) and
Ehk=N(47) from the H1N test and the
calculations specified in section 3.7 of this appendix. See section
3.6.4.b of this appendix regarding determination of the capacity
Qhcalck=2(47) and power input
Ehcaclk=2(47) used in the HSPF2 calculations to
represent the H12 Test. Determine
Qhk=2(35) and Ehk=2(35)
from the H22 test and the calculations specified in section
3.9 of this appendix or, if the H22 test is not conducted,
by conducting the calculations specified in section 3.6.4 of this
appendix. Determine Qhk=2(17) and
Ehk=2(17) from the H32 test and the
methods specified in section 3.10 of this appendix.
* * * * *
e. Intermediate Compressor Speed. For units other than variable-
speed non-communicating coil-only heat pumps, calculate the space
heating capacity, Qhk=v(Tj), and
electrical power consumption,
Ehk=v(Tj), of the heat pump when
operating at outdoor temperature Tj and the intermediate
compressor speed used during the section 3.6.4 H2V test
using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.050
where Qhk=v(35) and
Ehk=v(35) are determined from the H2V
test and calculated as specified in section 3.9 of this appendix.
Approximate the slopes of the k=v intermediate speed heating capacity
and electrical power input curves, MQ and ME, as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.051
Use Equations 4.2.4-1 and 4.2.4-2, respectively, to calculate
Qhk=1(35) and Ehk=1(35),
whether or not the heat pump is a minimum-speed-limiting variable-speed
heat pump.
For variable-speed non-communicating coil-only heat pumps, there is
no intermediate speed.
4.2.4.1 Steady-State Space Heating Capacity When Operating at Minimum
Compressor Speed is Greater Than or Equal to the Building Heating Load
at Temperature Tj, Qhk=1(Tj
=BL(Tj).
Evaluate the Equation 4.2-1 quantities
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.052
as specified in section 4.2.3.1 of this appendix. Except now use
Equations 4.2.4-1 and 4.2.4-2 (for heat pumps that are not minimum-
speed-limiting and are not variable-speed non-communicating coil-only
heat pumps), Equations 4.2.4-1, 4.2.4-2, 4.2.4-3 and 4.2.4-4 as
appropriate (for variable-speed non-communicating coil-only heat
pumps), or Equations 4.2.4-5 and 4.2.4.-6 (for minimum-speed-limiting
variable-speed heat pumps that are not variable-speed non-communicating
coil-only heat pumps) to evaluate
Qhk=1(Tj) and
Ehk=1(Tj), respectively, and replace
section 4.2.3.1 references to ``low capacity'' and section 3.6.3 of
this
[[Page 16883]]
appendix with ``minimum speed'' and section 3.6.4 of this appendix.
4.2.4.2 Heat Pump Operates at an Intermediate Compressor Speed (k=i)
or, for a Variable-Speed Non-Communicating Coil-Only Heat Pump, Cycles
Between High and Low Speeds, in Order to Match the Building Heating
Load at a Temperature Tj,
Qhk=1(Tj) j)
hk=2(Tj).
For units that are not variable-speed non-communicating coil-only
heat pumps, calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.053
and [delta](Tj) is evaluated using Equation 4.2.3-3, while
Qhk=i(Tj) = BL(Tj), the
space heating capacity delivered by the unit in matching the building
load at temperature (Tj), in Btu/h. The matching occurs with
the heat pump operating at compressor speed k=i, and
COPk=i(Tj) = the steady-state coefficient of
performance of the heat pump when operating at compressor speed k=i and
temperature Tj (dimensionless).
For each temperature bin where the heat pump operates at an
intermediate compressor speed, determine
COPk=i(Tj) using the following equations,
For each temperature bin where
Qhk=1(Tj) j)
hk=v(Tj),
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.054
For each temperature bin where
Qhk=v(Tj) <=BL(Tj)
hk=2(Tj),
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[[Page 16884]]
where:
COPhk=1(Tj) is the steady-state
coefficient of performance of the heat pump when operating at
minimum compressor speed and temperature Tj, dimensionless,
calculated using capacity Qhk=1(Tj)
calculated using Equation 4.2.4-1 or 4.2.4-3 and electrical power
consumption Ehk=1(Tj) calculated
using Equation 4.2.4-2 or 4.2.4-4;
COPhk=v(Tj) is the steady-state
coefficient of performance of the heat pump when operating at
intermediate compressor speed and temperature Tj, dimensionless,
calculated using capacity Qhk=v(Tj)
calculated using Equation 4.2.4-7 and electrical power consumption
Ehk=v(Tj) calculated using Equation
4.2.4-8;
COPhk=2(Tj) is the steady-state
coefficient of performance of the heat pump when operating at full
compressor speed and temperature Tj (dimensionless), calculated
using capacity Qhk=2(Tj) and
electrical power consumption
Ehk=2(Tj), both calculated as
described in section 4.2.4; and
BL(Tj) is the building heating load at temperature
Tj, in Btu/h.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP24MR22.056
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2022-04269 Filed 3-23-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P