Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Consumer Boilers, 14622-14659 [2022-04017]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
14622
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE–2019–BT–TP–0037]
RIN 1904–AE83
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Consumer Boilers
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
and request for comment.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) proposes to amend the
test procedures for consumer boilers to
incorporate by reference the latest
version of the industry standards
currently referenced in the Federal test
procedure. DOE proposes to relocate the
test procedure in a new appendix
separate from the residential furnace
test procedure. DOE also proposes to
remove an extraneous definition from
its regulatory definitions. DOE is
seeking comment from interested parties
on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data,
and information regarding this proposal
no later than May 16, 2022. See section
V, ‘‘Public Participation,’’ for details.
DOE will hold a webinar on Thursday,
April 7, 2022, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. See
section V, ‘‘Public Participation,’’ for
webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are
encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may
submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE–2019–BT–TP–0037 and/
or RIN 1904–AE83, by any of the
following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email:
ConsumerBoilers2019TP0037@
ee.doe.gov. Include the docket number
EERE–2019–BT–TP–0037 and/or RIN
1904–AE83 in the subject line of the
message.
No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be
accepted. For detailed instructions on
submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process,
see section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted
public comment submissions through a
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
SUMMARY:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
variety of mechanisms, including postal
mail and hand delivery/courier, the
Department has found it necessary to
make temporary modifications to the
comment submission process in light of
the ongoing coronavirus (‘‘COVID–19’’)
pandemic. DOE is currently suspending
receipt of public comments via postal
mail and hand delivery/courier. If a
commenter finds that this change poses
an undue hardship, please contact
Appliance Standards Program staff at
(202) 586–1445 to discuss the need for
alternative arrangements. Once the
COVID–19 pandemic health emergency
is resolved, DOE anticipates resuming
all of its regular options for public
comment submission, including postal
mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, webinar or
public meeting attendee lists and
transcripts (if a webinar or public
meeting is held), comments, and other
supporting documents/materials, is
available for review at
www.regulations.gov. All documents in
the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However,
some documents listed in the index,
such as those containing information
that is exempt from public disclosure,
may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at
www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE2019-BT-TP-0037. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access
all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section V
for information on how to submit
comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Julia Hegarty, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (240) 597–
6737. Email
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–2588. Email:
Amelia.Whiting@hq.doe.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment, review other public
comments and the docket, or participate
in a public meeting (if one is held),
contact the Appliance and Equipment
Standards Program staff at (202) 287–
1445 or by email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
DOE
proposes to maintain and amend a
previously approved incorporation by
reference and to newly incorporate by
reference the following industry
standards into the Code of Federal
Regulations (‘‘CFR’’) at 10 CFR part 430:
American National Standards
Institute (‘‘ANSI’’)/American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (‘‘ASHRAE’’)
Standard 103–2017 (ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017), ‘‘Method of Testing for
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of
Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers,’’ approved July 3, 2017.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6–2014
(ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014), ‘‘Standard
Method for Humidity Measurement,’’
approved July 3, 2014. Copies of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 and ANSI/ASHRAE
41.6–2014 can be obtained from the
American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., 180 Technology
Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA
30092, (800) 527–4723 or (404) 636–
8400, or online at: www.ashrae.org.
ASTM, International (‘‘ASTM’’)
Standard D2156–09 (Reapproved 2018)
(ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)), ‘‘Standard
Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue
Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels,’’
reapproved October 1, 2018.
Copies of ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)
can be obtained from the ASTM,
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 or online at: www.astm.org.
International Electrotechnical
Commission (‘‘IEC’’) 62301 (IEC 62301),
‘‘Household electrical appliancesMeasurement of standby power,’’
(Edition 2.0 2011–01).
Copies of IEC 62301 can be obtained
from the American National Standards
Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor,
New York, NY 10036, (212) 642–4900,
or online at: webstore.ansi.org.
See section IV.M of this document for
a further discussion of these standards.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Deviation From Appendix A
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Definitions
C. Metric
D. Updates to Industry Standards
E. Test Procedure Requirements
1. Ambient Conditions
2. Combustion Airflow Settings
3. Input Rates for Step Modulating Boilers
4. Return Water Temperature
5. Active Mode Electrical Energy
Consumption
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
6. Standby Mode and Off Mode
7. Full Fuel Cycle
8. Conversion Factor for British Thermal
Units
F. Alternative Efficiency Determination
Methods
G. Certification Requirements
1. Linear Interpolation
2. Supplemental Test Instructions
3. Standby Mode and Off Mode
Certification
H. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
I. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
I. Authority and Background
Furnaces, which includes consumer
boilers, are included in the list of
‘‘covered products’’ for which DOE is
authorized to establish and amend
energy conservation standards and test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6291(23); 42
U.S.C. 6292(a)(5)) DOE’s energy
conservation standards and test
procedures for consumer boilers are
currently prescribed at title 10 CFR
430.32(e)(2), and 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix N, Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Furnaces and Boilers
(‘‘appendix N’’). The following sections
discuss DOE’s authority to establish test
procedures for consumer boilers and
relevant background information
regarding DOE’s consideration of test
procedures for this product.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
A. Authority
Title III, Part B 1 of the Energy Policy
and Conservation Act (‘‘EPCA’’),2 Pub.
L.’’) 94–163 (42 U.S.C. 6291–6309, as
codified) established the Energy
Conservation Program for Consumer
Products Other Than Automobiles,
which sets forth a variety of provisions
designed to improve energy efficiency.
These products include consumer
boilers, which are the subject of this
document. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(5))
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
Federal energy conservation standards,
and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA specifically include definitions
(42 U.S.C. 6291), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6294), energy conservation
standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the
authority to require information and
reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C.
6296).
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must
use as the basis for: (1) Certifying to
DOE that their products comply with
the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making
representations about the efficiency of
those consumer products (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6297)
DOE may, however, grant waivers of
Federal preemption in limited
circumstances for particular State laws
or regulations, in accordance with the
procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets
forth the criteria and procedures DOE
must follow when prescribing or
amending test procedures for covered
products. EPCA requires that any test
procedures prescribed or amended
under this section must be reasonably
designed to produce test results which
measure energy efficiency, energy use or
1 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part B was redesignated Part A.
2 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Infrastructure
Investment and JobsEnergy Act of 2020, Public Law
117–58 (Nov. 15, 2021116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14623
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including the consumer boilers
that are the subject of this document, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on his
own behalf or in response to a petition
by any interested person, that a test
procedure should be prescribed or
amended, the Secretary shall promptly
publish in the Federal Register
proposed test procedures and afford
interested persons an opportunity to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments with respect to such
procedures. The comment period on a
proposed rule to amend a test procedure
shall be at least 60 days but may not
exceed 270 days. In prescribing or
amending a test procedure, the
Secretary shall take into account such
information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including
technological developments relating to
energy use or energy efficiency of the
type (or class) of covered products
involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE
determines that test procedure revisions
are not appropriate, DOE must publish
its determination not to amend the test
procedures. DOE is publishing this
notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR)
in satisfaction of the 7-year lookback
review requirement specified in EPCA.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE’s existing test
procedure for consumer boilers appears
at Title 10 of the CFR part 430, subpart
B, appendix N (‘‘Uniform Test Method
for Measuring the Energy Consumption
of Furnaces and Boilers’’) and is used to
determine the annual fuel utilization
efficiency (‘‘AFUE’’), which is the
regulatory metric for consumer boilers.
DOE most recently updated its test
procedure for consumer boilers in a
final rule published in the Federal
Register on January 15, 2016 (‘‘January
2016 final rule’’). 81 FR 2628. The
January 2016 final rule amended the
existing DOE test procedure for
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14624
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
consumer boilers to improve the
consistency and accuracy of test results
generated using the DOE test procedure
and to reduce test burden. In particular,
the modifications relevant to consumer
boilers included: (1) Clarifying the
definition of the electrical power term,
‘‘PE’’; (2) adopting a smoke stick test for
determining whether minimum default
draft factors can be applied; (3) allowing
for optional measurement of condensate
during establishment of steady-state
conditions; (4) updating references to
the applicable installation and operation
(‘‘I&O’’) manual and providing
clarifications for when the I&O manual
does not specify test set-up; and (5)
revising the AFUE reporting precision.
DOE also revised the definitions of
several terms in the test procedure and
added an enforcement provision to
provide a method of test for DOE to
determine compliance with the
automatic means design requirement
mandated by the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007, Public Law
110–140 (Dec. 19, 2007). 81 FR 2628,
2629–2630.
On May 15, 2020, DOE published in
the Federal Register a request for
information (‘‘May 2020 RFI’’) seeking
comments on the existing DOE test
procedure for consumer boilers, which
incorporates by reference ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 103–1993. 85 FR
29352. ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993
provides test procedures for
determining the AFUE of residential
central furnaces and boilers. In the May
2020 RFI, DOE requested comments,
information, and data about a number of
issues, including: (1) The test
procedure’s scope and definitions; (2)
updates to industry standards; (3)
ambient test conditions; (4) provisions
for testing boilers with manually
adjustable combustion airflow; (5)
calculation of steady-state heat loss for
condensing, modulating boilers; and (6)
provisions for testing step modulating
boilers. Id. at 85 FR 29354–29357. DOE
also sought comment generally on
whether the current test procedures are
reasonably designed to produce results
that measure energy efficiency during a
representative average use cycle or
period of use, whether any potential
amendments would make the test
procedure unduly burdensome to
conduct, whether existing test
procedures limit a manufacturer’s
ability to provide additional features, on
the impact of any potential amendments
on manufacturers including small
businesses, on whether there are any
potential issues related to emerging
smart technologies, and generally on
any other aspect of the test procedure
for consumer boilers. Id. at 85 FR 23957.
DOE received comments in response
to the May 2020 RFI from the interested
parties listed in Table I.1.
TABLE I.1—WRITTEN COMMENTS RECEIVED IN RESPONSE TO THE MAY 2020 RFI
Commenter(s)
Reference in this NOPR
Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute ..............................
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric,
Southern California Edison (collectively referred to as the California
Investor Owned Utilities).
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance .....................................................
Weil-McLain .............................................................................................
Bradford White Corporation ....................................................................
Rheem Manufacturing Company ............................................................
Burnham Holdings, Inc ............................................................................
Energy Kinetics, Inc ................................................................................
Lochinvar .................................................................................................
AHRI ..............................................
CA IOUs ........................................
Trade Association.
Utilities.
NEEA .............................................
Weil-McLain ...................................
BWC ..............................................
Rheem ...........................................
BHI .................................................
Energy Kinetics ..............................
Lochinvar .......................................
Efficiency Organization.
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
C. Deviation From Appendix A
In accordance with section 3(a) of 10
CFR part 430, subpart C, appendix A
(‘‘appendix A’’), DOE notes that it is
deviating from the provision in
appendix A regarding the pre-NOPR
stages for a test procedure rulemaking.
Section 8(b) of appendix A states if DOE
determines that it is appropriate to
continue the test procedure rulemaking
after the early assessment process, it
will provide further opportunities for
early public input through Federal
Register documents, including notices
of data availability and/or requests for
information. DOE is opting to deviate
from this provision due to the
substantial feedback and information
supplied by commenters in response to
the May 2020 RFI. As discussed in
section I.B of this NOPR, the May 2020
RFI requested submission of comments,
data, and information pertinent to test
procedures for consumer boilers. In
response to the May 2020 RFI,
stakeholders provided substantial
comments and information, which DOE
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
has found sufficient to identify the need
to modify the test procedures for
consumer boilers.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
update appendix N to remove the
provisions applicable only to consumer
boilers and to rename the current
appendix as ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Furnaces.’’ Correspondingly, DOE
proposes to create a new test procedure
at 10 CFR 430 subpart B, appendix EE,
‘‘Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Boilers’’
(‘‘appendix EE’’). In the new appendix
EE, DOE proposes to include all
provisions currently included in
appendix N relevant to consumer
boilers, with the following
modifications:
(1) Incorporate by reference the
current revision to the applicable
industry standard, ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017, ‘‘Methods of Testing for Annual
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
Commenter type
Fuel Utilization Efficiency of
Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers.’’
(2) Incorporate by reference the
current revision of ASTM Standard
D2156–09 (Reapproved 2018),
‘‘Standard Test Method for Smoke
Density in Flue Gases from Burning
Distillate Fuels.’’
(3) Incorporate by reference ANSI/
ASHRAE 41.6–2014, ‘‘Standard Method
for Humidity Measurement.’’
(4) Update the definitions to reflect
the changes in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993.
DOE also proposes in this NOPR to
remove the definition of outdoor
furnace or boiler from 10 CFR 430.2.
DOE’s proposed actions are
summarized in Table II.1 compared to
the current test procedure as well as the
reason for the proposed change.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
14625
TABLE II.1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE RELATIVE TO CURRENT TEST PROCEDURE
Current DOE test procedure
Proposed test procedure
Attribution
Test procedure requirements based on industry
standard ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993.
Procedure for adjusting oil-fired burner references industry standard ASTM D2156–09
(Reapproved 2013).
Limits the maximum relative humidity during
certain tests, but does not provide specific instructions for how to measure relative humidity.
Includes a definition for ‘‘outdoor furnace or
boiler’’ at 10 CFR 430.2.
Test procedure requirements based on ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
Procedure for adjusting oil-fired burner references industry standard ASTM D2156–09
(Reapproved 2018).
References ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6 for instructions for measuring relative humidity of the
test room.
Industry standard update to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017.
Industry standard update to ASTM D2156–09
(Reapproved 2018).
Removes the definition for ‘‘outdoor furnace
or boiler’’.
Remove an unused definition.
DOE tentatively determines that the
proposed amendments described in
section III of this document could
minimally impact the measured
efficiency of certain consumer boilers,
but that if such impacts are realized, retesting and re-rating would not be
required. DOE also tentatively
determines that the proposed test
procedures improve the
representativeness of the test method
and would not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. Discussion of DOE’s
proposed actions are addressed in detail
in section III of this document.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
As discussed, in the context of
‘‘covered products,’’ EPCA includes
boilers in the definition of ‘‘furnace.’’
(42 U.S.C. 6291(23)) EPCA defines the
term ‘‘furnace’’ to mean a product
which utilizes only single-phase electric
current, or single-phase electric current
or DC current in conjunction with
natural gas, propane, or home heating
oil, and which: (1) Is designed to be the
principal heating source for the living
space of a residence; (2) is not contained
within the same cabinet with a central
air conditioner whose rated cooling
capacity is above 65,000 British thermal
units (‘‘Btu’’) per hour; (3) is an electric
central furnace, electric boiler, forcedair central furnace, gravity central
furnace, or low pressure steam or hot
water boiler; and (4) has a heat input
rate of less than 300,000 Btu per hour
for electric boilers and low pressure
steam or hot water boilers and less than
225,000 Btu per hour for forced-air
central furnaces, gravity central
furnaces, and electric central furnaces.
Id. DOE has codified this definition in
its regulations at 10 CFR 430.2.
DOE defines ‘‘electric boiler’’ as an
electrically powered furnace designed to
supply low pressure steam or hot water
for space heating application. A low
pressure steam boiler operates at or
below 15 pounds per square inch gauge
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
(‘‘psig’’) steam pressure; a hot water
boiler operates at or below 160 psig
water pressure and 250 degrees
Fahrenheit (°F) water temperature. 10
CFR 430.2.
DOE defines ‘‘low pressure steam or
hot water boiler’’ as an electric, gas or
oil burning furnace designed to supply
low pressure steam or hot water for
space heating application. 10 CFR 430.2.
As with an electric boiler, a low
pressure steam boiler operates at or
below 15 pounds psig steam pressure; a
hot water boiler operates at or below
160 psig water pressure and 250 °F
water temperature. Id.
The scope of the test procedure for
consumer boilers is specified in section
1.0 of appendix N, which references
section 2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993.
In relevant part, section 2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 states that the
industry test standard applies to
boilers 3 with inputs less than 300,000
Btu per hour (‘‘Btu/h’’); having gas, oil,
or electric input; and intended for use
in residential applications. Further,
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 applies to
equipment that utilizes single-phase
electric current or low-voltage DC
current.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether any consumer
boilers are available on the market that
are covered by the scope provision of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993, but that are
not covered by the definition of
‘‘furnace’’ as codified by DOE at 10 CFR
430.2. 85 FR 29352, 29354. DOE also
requested comment on whether any
consumer boilers on the market are
covered by DOE’s definition of
‘‘furnace’’ that are not covered by the
scope provision of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993. Id.
3 ASHRAE 103–1993 defines a ‘‘boiler’’ as: A selfcontained fuel-burning or electrically heated
appliance for supplying low-pressure steam or hot
water for space heating application. This definition
covers electric boilers and low-pressure steam or
hot water boilers as those terms are defined by DOE
at 10 CFR 430.2.
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
Referenced by industry standard ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017, which is being proposed in this NOPR.
AHRI, Rheem, and Weil-McLain
stated that air-to-water and water-towater heat pumps fall under the
definition of ‘‘furnace’’ in the CFR, but
are not covered by the current test
procedures. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 1; Rheem,
No. 9 at p. 2; Weil-McLain, No. 5 at p.
3) 4 BHI commented that if DOE were to
regulate hydronic heat pumps, such
products should be classified as heat
pumps and the boiler definition in 10
CFR 430.2 should be modified to
explicitly exclude them. BHI also stated
that ASHRAE 103 is not intended to
evaluate such products. (BHI, No. 11 at
p. 1)
NEEA recommended that DOE add a
definition for combination space and
domestic hot water boilers as the
current DOE definitions are ambiguous
when it comes to the developing
product category as these products fit
both the definition of consumer boiler
and water heater. NEEA also suggested
that DOE adopt a test procedure
referencing industry standards ASHRAE
124 and Canadian Standards
Association (CSA) P.9, as appropriate,
once the ongoing revision to ASHRAE
124 is finalized. (NEEA, No. 10 at pp.
3–4) Rheem also recommended that
DOE consider adopting a test procedure
for combination boilers. (Rheem, No. 9
at p. 2)
DOE tentatively agrees with
commenters that air-to-water and waterto-water heat pumps meet the
definitional criteria to be classified as a
consumer boiler. These products utilize
only single-phase electric current, are
designed to be the principal heating
source for the living space of a
residence, are not contained within the
4 This and subsequent parentheticals
parenthetical provide a reference for information
located in the docket of DOE’s rulemaking to
develop test procedures for consumer boilers.
(Docket No. EERE–2019–BT–TP–0037, which is
maintained at www.regulations.gov/
docket?D=EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037). Parenthetical
references are arranged as follows: (commenter
name, comment docket ID number, page of that
document).
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14626
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
same cabinet with a central air
conditioner whose rated cooling
capacity is above 65,000 Btu per hour,
meet the definition of an electric boiler,5
and have a heat input rate of less than
300,000 Btu per hour (i.e., the
requirement for electric boilers). As
such they meet the criteria of ‘‘furnace’’
as defined in 10 CFR 430.2. DOE also
tentatively agrees with commenters that
the current test procedure in appendix
N does not address such products and
would not provide a rated value that is
representative of the performance of
these products. In particular, the AFUE
metric for electric boilers in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 is calculated as 100
percent minus jacket loss.6 This metric
provides a representative measure of
efficiency for electric boilers using
electric resistance technology, for which
an efficiency value of 100 percent (the
ratio of heat output to energy input) is
the maximum upper limit that
technically could be achieved. The
AFUE metric does not allow for ratings
greater than 100 percent for electric
boilers. However, this metric would not
provide a representative or meaningful
measure of efficiency for a boiler with
a heat pump supplying the heat input,
because heat pump efficiency (in terms
of heat output to energy input) typically
exceeds 100 percent.
Based on a review of the market,
hydronic air-to-water and water-towater heat pumps offered in the United
States are often advertised as competing
products for consumer boilers, but
typically provide representations of
energy efficiency using a Coefficient of
Performance (‘‘COP’’) metric. They are
often marketed for low-temperature
radiator, floor heating, and domestic hot
water applications, but also can be
marketed for use in high-temperature
radiator applications.
DOE tentatively proposes to
determine that hydronic air-to-water
and water-to-water heat pumps are
consumer boilers under EPCA, but that
due to the lack of a Federal test
procedure, such products are not subject
to the current performance standards at
10 CFR 430.32(e). DOE identified AHRI
550/590, 2020, ‘‘Standard for
Performance Rating of Water-Chilling
and Heat Pump Water-Heating Packages
5 As discussed in section III.B of this document,
‘‘electric boiler’’ means an electrically powered
furnace designed to supply low pressure steam or
hot water for space heating application. A lowpressure steam boiler operates at or below 15 psig
steam pressure; a hot water boiler operates at or
below 160 psig water pressure and 250 °F water
temperature. 10 CFR 430.2.
6 The term ‘‘jacket loss’’ is used by industry to
mean the transfer of heat from the outer surface (i.e.,
jacket) of a boiler to the ambient air surrounding the
boiler.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
In addition to the overarching
definition for a furnace (which includes
boilers) and the associated definitions
for ‘‘electric boiler’’ and ‘‘low pressure
steam or hot water boiler’’ presented in
section III.A of this document, DOE also
has defined ‘‘outdoor boilers’’ and
‘‘weatherized warm air boilers’’ at 10
CFR 430.2 as follows:
• Outdoor furnace or boiler is a
furnace or boiler normally intended for
installation out-of-doors or in an
unheated space (such as an attic or a
crawl space).
• Weatherized warm air furnace or
boiler means a furnace or boiler
designed for installation outdoors,
approved for resistance to wind, rain,
and snow, and supplied with its own
venting system.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comment on the definitions currently
applicable to consumer boilers and
whether any of these definitions need to
be revised, and if so, how. 85 FR 29352,
29355.
BWC stated that the definition for
‘‘outdoor boiler’’ 8 should be made more
similar to ‘‘weatherized warm air
furnace or boiler’’ by adding the
weather-resistant conditions, asserting
that the only difference between these
two products is that a weatherized
warm air furnace or boiler requires that
venting be supplied. BWC also
commented that ANSI Z21.13, ‘‘GasFired Low Pressure Steam and Hot
Water Boilers,’’ does not differentiate
between outdoor and weatherized
boilers. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 1)
Lochinvar and CA IOUs commented
that changes to the definitions are not
needed. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 1; CA
IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4) CA IOUs also
recommended that DOE avoid any
modifications to existing definitions
that would reduce the ability of the test
procedure to compare performance
across products that use different
technologies to provide similar
consumer utility. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p.
4)
Regarding the definition of ‘‘outdoor
furnace or boiler,’’ the energy
conservation standards for boilers at 10
CFR 430.32(e)(2)(iii) do not distinguish
between outdoor or weatherized boilers.
With regard to the test procedure,
different jacket loss factors are applied
based on whether a boiler is intended to
be installed indoors, outdoors, or as an
isolated combustion system. The
heating seasonal efficiency (EffyHS)
calculation, which is an element of
AFUE, is based on the assumption that
all weatherized boilers are located
outdoors (see section 10.1 of appendix
N). Appendix N does not specify a
separate jacket loss assumption for
‘‘outdoor furnaces or boilers.’’ As such,
DOE has initially determined that the
definition for ‘‘outdoor furnace or
boiler’’ is extraneous in that the boiler
testing method is described based on
whether the boiler is weatherized (and
thus required to be tested under the
assumption that it is intended for
7 AHRI 550/590 is available at: www.ahrinet.org/
App_Content/ahri/files/STANDARDS/AHRI/AHRI_
Standard_550-590_I-P_2015_with_Errata.pdf.
8 DOE interprets BWC’s comment as referring to
the definition of ‘‘outdoor furnace or boiler’’ at 10
CFR 430.2.
Using the Vapor Compression Cycle’’
(‘‘AHRI 550/590’’), as an industry test
method that some manufacturers use for
evaluating the heating efficiency of
hydronic air-to-water and water-towater heat pumps in terms of heating
coefficient of performance (COPH).7
DOE was not able to identify any
industry method for determining AFUE
of such products. DOE further notes that
AFUE is defined as the efficiency
descriptor for boilers in EPCA. (See 42
U.S.C. 6291(20).)
DOE seeks comment on whether any
other industry test methods exist for
determining the heating efficiency of
air-to-water or water-to-water heat
pumps. DOE seeks comment specifically
on AHRI 550/590, and whether it would
be appropriate for adoption as a Federal
test procedure for such products, and if
so, whether modifications could be
made to result in an AFUE rating.
Regarding NEEA’s comment on
combination space and domestic hot
water boilers, DOE is aware that the
industry standard for testing these
products (ASHRAE 124, ‘‘Methods of
Testing for Rating Combination SpaceHeating and Water-Heating
Appliances’’) is currently under
revision. DOE plans to further evaluate
the industry test method once it is
finalized and available. DOE is not
proposing a specific definition for
combination space and water heating
boilers at this time. DOE notes,
however, that to the extent that a
combination space and water heating
product meets the definition of electric
boiler or low pressure steam or hot
water boiler, it is subject to the test
procedure at appendix N and energy
conservation standards for consumer
boilers at 10 CFR 430.32(e)(2), and must
be tested and rated accordingly. DOE is
unaware of any design characteristics of
combination space and water heating
products that would prevent their
testing according to appendix N.
B. Definitions
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
installation outdoors), not whether it
meets the definition of an ‘‘outdoor
boiler.’’ For analogous reasons, the
definition appears to be extraneous with
regard to consumer furnaces. Further,
the definition of ‘‘outdoor boiler’’ is not
used elsewhere in the test method or
energy conservation standards. For
these reasons, DOE does not propose to
modify the definition for outdoor
furnace or boiler and instead proposes
to remove this definition from its
regulations.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
remove the definition of ‘‘outdoor
furnace or boiler’’ from its regulations.
DOE seeks comment on whether
removing the definition for ‘‘outdoor
furnace or boiler’’ would impact the
application of the test procedure or
energy conservation standards for any
such products.
In addition to the definitions included
in 10 CFR 430.2, section 2.0 of appendix
N incorporates by reference the
definitions in Section 3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993, with modifications
and additions as specified in section 2.0
of appendix N. Sections 2.1 through
2.13 of appendix N provide additional
definitions relevant to the consumer
boilers test procedure.
DOE requested comment on whether
the definitions for consumer boilers in
section 2.0 through section 2.13 of
appendix N, including those from
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 that are
incorporated by reference, are still
appropriate or whether amendments are
needed. 85 FR 29352, 29355.
Lochinvar and Weil McLain stated
that the definitions in ASHRAE 103–
1993 and the CFR are still adequate and/
or do not require changes. (Lochinvar,
No. 8 at p. 2; Weil McLain, No. 5 at p.
3) BWC stated that the definition listed
in 10 CFR 430.2 and ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 definitions as being
appropriate. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 2) The
CA IOUs recommended that DOE make
no changes to the current definitions for
consumer boilers in the code and that
the current definitions adequately cover
these products for the purpose of
performing the DOE test procedure. (CA
IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4)
As discussed in section III.C of this
document, DOE is proposing to
incorporate by reference the most recent
version of ASHRAE 103: ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017. DOE is proposing minor
modifications to the definitions in
appendix N to account for the inclusion
of several definitions in ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 that were not included ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993. Specifically, ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 includes definitions
for ‘‘air intake terminal,’’ ‘‘control,’’ and
‘‘isolated combustion system’’ that are
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
not in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993. The
definitions for ‘‘control’’ and ‘‘isolated
combustion system’’ in ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 are almost identical as
currently defined in sections 2.3 and 2.7
of appendix N, respectively. Therefore,
DOE proposes to remove those two
definitions from the consumer boiler
test procedure in the CFR, as they
would be redundant with the
definitions incorporated by reference
through ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
incorporate by reference the definitions
in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 and to
remove the definitions for ‘‘control’’ and
‘‘isolated combustions system’’ from the
consumer boiler test procedure at
appendix N accordingly.
As discussed further in section III.D of
this document, DOE is proposing to
move the consumer boiler testing
provisions from appendix N to a
proposed new appendix EE and
maintain the consumer furnace test
provisions in appendix N. The proposed
changes to definitions, if made final,
would be applicable only to the test
procedure for consumer boilers in
proposed new appendix EE.
C. Metric
As discussed, the energy conservation
standards for consumer boilers rely on
the AFUE metric. 10 CFR 430.32(e)(2).
For gas-fired and oil-fired boilers, AFUE
accounts for fossil fuel consumption in
active, standby, and off modes, but does
not include electrical energy
consumption. For electric boilers, AFUE
accounts for electrical energy
consumption in active mode. EPCA
defines the term ‘‘annual fuel utilization
efficiency,’’ in part, as meaning the
efficiency descriptor for furnaces and
boilers. (42 U.S.C. 6291(20)). In
addition, separate metrics for power
consumption during standby mode and
off mode (PW,SB and PW,OFF,
respectively) are used to regulate
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. 10 CFR
430.32(e)(2)(iii)(B).
AFUE is defined by ASHRAE 103
(both the 1993 and 2017 version) as the
ratio of annual output energy to annual
input energy, which includes any nonheating-season pilot input loss, but, for
gas- or oil-fired furnaces or boilers, does
not include electric energy. For gas- and
oil-fired boilers, the AFUE test generally
consists of steady-state, cool down, and
heat up tests, during which various
measurements are taken (e.g., flue gas
temperature, concentration of CO2 in the
flue gas). (See Sections 9.1, 9.5, and 9.6,
respectively, of both ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.) For condensing boilers,
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14627
condensate collection tests during
steady state and cyclic operation are
also specified. (See Sections 9.2 and 9.8
of both ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 and
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.) The test
measurements are used in conjunction
with certain assumptions, to calculate
the AFUE. (See Section 11 of both
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 and ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.)
Energy Kinetics provided comments
pertaining to the AFUE metric,
including suggestions of how it could be
made more representative of field
performance. Energy Kinetics asserted
that oversizing is not accurately
reflected in AFUE; specifically, that the
0.7 oversize factor in the AFUE test
method is too low, and that a more
representative oversize factor would be
a value of 3 to 4.9 Energy Kinetics
further asserted that AFUE does not
appropriately account for idle losses
and provided an example of a boiler
with an AFUE of 83.5 percent and idle
loss of 4.87 percent that the commenter
argued would consume 63 percent more
fuel than a boiler with an AFUE of 87.5
percent and an idle loss of 0.15 percent.
(Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 1)
Energy Kinetics suggested that DOE
change from the AFUE metric to a
combination of a thermal efficiency
metric and an idle loss metric. The
commenter argued that both AFUE and
thermal efficiency are closely aligned to
steady-state efficiency, but thermal
efficiency is a faster and easier test to
perform and is currently used in
commercial boiler testing. Energy
Kinetics suggested that idle loss could
either be measured or a prescribed value
to foster innovation and recognize better
performing systems, while also
simultaneously reducing test burden.
(Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 2)
Energy Kinetics stated that AFUE
does not account for the impact of
energy savings controls, which prevents
comparisons of the performance of
various types of boilers and controls.
Energy Kinetics stated that AFUE
assumes that the boiler is in the
conditioned space and that any heat lost
from the boiler is gained in the
conditioned space; and asserted that in
practice this heat is wasted in
basements, up chimneys, and out draft
hoods and draft regulators. Energy
9 The oversize factor is applied to account for the
typical practice of sizing a boiler such that the
heating capacity exceeds the heating load. In
ASHRAE 103–1993, for non-modulating boilers the
oversize factor is assigned as a national average
value of 0.7, and for modulating boilers the oversize
factor is calculated based on the ratio of the heating
capacity to the average design heating requirement.
In ASHRAE 103–2017, the oversize factor at the
maximum input rate is assigned as 0.7 for both
modulating and non-modulating models.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14628
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Kinetics also argued that for combined
heat and hot water boilers in the
conditioned space, heat lost in summer
while heating domestic water should
have an impact on air conditioning
cooling loads. Energy Kinetics asserted
that AFUE does not apply to boilers that
provide both space heating and
domestic hot water. The commenter also
asserted that use of AFUE for both
boilers and furnaces creates the false
implication that the products can be
compared, but that they cannot be
compared due to differences in
distribution losses. (Energy Kinetics,
No. 3 at p. 2)
As noted previously, EPCA defines
AFUE as the efficiency descriptor for
boilers. (42 U.S.C. 6291(20)) Therefore,
DOE must use AFUE as the efficiency
metric for boilers and cannot change to
thermal efficiency and idle loss as
suggested by Energy Kinetics. Further,
EPCA prescribes a design requirement
that hot water boilers must include an
automatic means for adjusting water
temperature, which will limit idle losses
and reduce the potential for energy
savings from further accounting for such
losses as a separate metric or within the
AFUE metric. (42 U.S.C. 6295(f)(3)(A)–
(B)) Idle loss could be further addressed
in the context of AFUE as opposed to
evaluating a separate metric. At present
time, DOE does not have sufficient data
to propose prescribed values that would
address idle loss. DOE seeks further
comment from interested parties
regarding whether idle losses could be
better reflected in the test method. For
the reasons discussed, DOE is not
proposing to adopt an idle loss or
thermal efficiency metric, or to
incorporate a specific test for idle loss
in the AFUE test method at this time.
Regarding the other issues identified
with the AFUE metric, DOE notes that
certain control systems, such as
modulating burner control systems, are
accounted for in the test procedure with
specific instructions regarding how such
units should be tested. (See, for
example, sections 7.4 and 10.1 of
appendix N, which provide specific
instructions for testing and calculating
AFUE of modulating boilers.) As
discussed in the preceding paragraph,
other control systems, such as an
automatic means for adjusting water
temperature, are required by
prescriptive standard. (42 U.S.C.
6295(f)(3)(A)–(B)); 10 CFR
430.32(e)(2)(iii)(A). Energy Kinetics did
not provide specific comments or
recommendations regarding what
additional control systems should be
accounted for. DOE is not proposing
additional changes related to controls.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
Regarding the assumption that boilers
are installed indoors, DOE notes that
EPCA states that AFUE for boilers that
are not weatherized is determined based
on the assumption that they are located
within the heated space. (See 42 U.S.C.
6291(20)(C).) Regarding boilers that
provide both space heating and
domestic hot water, DOE notes that such
products can be tested separately for
AFUE for space heating and for their
water heating performance under the
DOE test methods for water heaters. As
discussed in section III.A of this
document, an industry test method for
combined heating and domestic hot
water boiler systems (ASHRAE 124) is
currently under revision, and DOE plans
to evaluate the industry test method
further once it is finalized and available.
Lastly, regarding both boilers and
furnaces using AFUE, DOE notes that
EPCA prescribes AFUE as the metric for
both furnaces and boilers. (See 42 U.S.C.
6291(20)).
D. Updates to Industry Standards
As discussed, ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993 is referenced throughout appendix
N for various testing requirements
pertaining to determination of the AFUE
of consumer boilers. Appendix N also
references certain sections of IEC 62301
(Second Edition) for determining the
electrical standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, and ASTM
D2156–09 (Reapproved 2013) for
adjusting oil burners. DOE noted in the
May 2020 RFI that in the case of IEC
62301, the version of the standard that
is currently incorporated by reference is
still the most recent version; and in the
case of ASTM D2156–09, the most
recent iteration of the standard is a
version reapproved in 2018 that did not
contain any changes from the 2009
version. 85 FR 29352, 29355. DOE did
not receive any comments pertaining to
its incorporation by reference of IEC
62301 or ASTM D2156–09 and
continues to view these as the
appropriate standards to reference. DOE
proposes to maintain the current
reference to IEC 62301, and to update
the reference to ASTM D2156–09 to
reflect the version that was reapproved
in 2018.
As discussed, ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993 provides procedures for
determining the AFUE of consumer
boilers (and furnaces). As mentioned
previously, ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993
has been updated multiple times since
1993. In the rulemaking that culminated
in the January 2016 final rule, DOE
initially proposed to incorporate by
reference the most recent version of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103 available at the time
(i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007), but
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
ultimately declined to adopt the
proposal in the final rule based on
concerns about the impact that changing
to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007 would have
on AFUE ratings of products distributed
in commerce at that time. 81 FR 2628,
2632–2633 (Jan. 15, 2016). DOE stated
that further evaluation was needed to
determine the potential impacts of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007 on the
measured AFUE of boilers. Id. DOE
theorized that ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007
might better account for the operation of
two-stage and modulating products and
stated that the Department may further
investigate adopting it or a successor
test procedure in the future. Id.
After the January 2016 final rule,
ANSI/ASHRAE 103 was again updated
to the current version (i.e., ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017). In the May 2020
RFI, DOE identified several substantive
differences between ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
that pertain to consumer boilers and
requested further comment on the
differences between ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017. 85 FR 29352, 29355. These
differences included that:
1. ASHRAE 103–2017 includes
calculations for determining the average ontime and off-time per cycle for two-stage and
modulating boilers, rather than assigning
fixed values as in ASHRAE 103–1993;
2. ASHRAE 103–2017 includes
calculations for the part-load at maximum
and reduced fuel input rates of condensing
two-stage and modulating boilers when the
heat up and cool down tests are omitted as
per section 9.10, while ASHRAE 103–1993
does not include these calculations; 10
3. ASHRAE 103–2017 increases post-purge
time from less than 5 seconds in ASHRAE
103–1993 to less than or equal to 30 seconds
for determining whether section 9.10,
‘‘Optional Test Procedures for Conducting
Furnaces and Boilers that have no OFFPeriod Flue Loss,’’ is applicable for units
with no measurable airflow through the
combustion chamber during the burner offperiod, and it also makes the application for
the default draft factor values in section 9.10
a requirement rather than optional;
4. ASHRAE 103–2017 changes the method
for determining national average burner
operating hours (BOH), average annual fuel
energy consumption (EF), and average annual
auxiliary electrical energy consumption
(EAE), especially for two-stage and
modulating products, based on a 2002 study
from NIST.
Id.
10 DOE published a final rule in the Federal
Register on July 10, 2013, that added equations to
appendix N to calculate the part-load efficiencies at
the maximum input rate and reduced input rates for
two-stage and modulating condensing furnaces and
boilers when the manufacturer chooses to omit the
heat-up and cool-down tests under the test
procedure. 78 FR 41265. The equations in ASHRAE
103–2017 are identical to those in appendix N.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
DOE requested information on
whether any differences not identified
by DOE in the May 2020 RFI would
impact the consumer boiler test
procedure. Id.
BWC stated that the only difference
between ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 and
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 is for the
indoor air temperature requirements
and noted that the 1993 version of the
standard specifies a temperature of
70 °F, while the 2017 version simply
references the actual indoor air
temperature. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 2) BWC
further stated that it believes this
difference accounts for only slight
changes in calculation with little to no
added burden in the test procedure.
(BWC, No. 4 at p. 2) Lochinvar
identified a change that was not
discussed in the RFI, which is that the
oversize factor for non-condensing,
modulating boilers has been changed
from being calculated based on the
design heating requirement (‘‘DHR’’) to
a constant oversize factor of 0.7.
Lochinvar also explained that the
constant oversize factor removes
variations based on where the boiler
outputs fall in the ADHR ranges and is
more representative and provides more
consistent AFUE results across the range
of boiler output capacities. (Lochinvar,
No. 8, at p. 2)
While DOE acknowledges the change
discussed by BWC, in that the equations
in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 refer to the
indoor air temperature as the variable
‘‘TIA,’’ rather than defined as ‘‘70,’’ DOE
notes that Section 11.2.10.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 defines TIA as 70 °F,
the ‘‘assumed average indoor air
temperature.’’ Therefore, the use of TIA
in place of ‘‘70’’ in subsequent sections
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 is
equivalent to the use of ‘‘70’’ in each
analogous equation in ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993.
DOE also acknowledges the change
identified by Lochinvar, and notes that
this change resolves in part an issue
with the calculations for modulating,
condensing models in ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993. In the May 2020 RFI, DOE
discussed that the calculations in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 either rely on
certain values calculated for noncondensing, non-modulating boilers to
determine the AFUE of condensing,
modulating boilers, or result in a
circular reference. 85 FR 29352, 29357.
Changing the oversize factor to a
constant 0.7 for condensing, modulating
boilers, rather than basing it on an
equation, appears to partially, but not
fully, resolve the potential circular
reference in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
In further reviewing the calculations in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, DOE
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
interprets them to rely on certain values
calculated for non-condensing, nonmodulating boilers to determine the
AFUE of condensing, modulating
boilers to avoid a circular reference.
Specifically, the issue arises within
the calculation of steady state
efficiencies at maximum and minimum
input rate, which depends in part on the
steady-state heat loss due to condensate
going down the drain at the maximum
and reduced input rates. (See Section
11.5.7.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
which refers to Section 11.3.7.3.) The
steady-state heat loss due to condensate
going down the drain at the maximum
and minimum input rates is calculated
in part based on the national average
outdoor air temperature at the
maximum and minimum input rates.
(See Section 11.5.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017, which refers to Section
11.3.7.2.) The national average outdoor
air temperatures at the maximum and
minimum input rates are both a
function of the balance point
temperature. (See Section 11.5.8.3 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, which refers
to Section 11.4.8.3.) The balance point
temperature is calculated based on the
oversize factor at maximum input rate
(which is, as discussed previously, a
constant value in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017) and the ratio of the heating
capacity at the minimum input rate to
the heating capacity at the maximum
input rate. (See Section 11.5.8.4 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, which
references Section 11.4.8.4.) The heating
capacities at the minimum and
maximum input rates are calculated
based in part on the steady-state
efficiencies at minimum and maximum
input rates, respectively. (See Section
11.5.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
which references Section 11.4.8.1.) If
the calculations were interpreted to
refer back to the steady-state efficiencies
at minimum and maximum input rates
for a modulating, condensing model, as
determined by Section 11.5.7.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017, a circular reference
would result. However, since there is no
specific instruction to use the values as
calculated by Section 11.5.7.2, DOE
interprets ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 to
instead instruct that the steady-state
efficiency at maximum and reduced
input rates be determined as specified
in Section 11.4.8.1, which refers to
Section 11.4.7, which in turn refers to
Section 11.2.7 for the calculation of
steady-state efficiency for noncondensing, non-modulating boilers.
The steady-state efficiencies at
maximum and minimum input
calculated using Section 11.2.7 can then
be used to obtain values for output
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14629
capacities at the maximum and reduced
input, which are needed to calculate the
balance point temperature, the average
outdoor air temperature at maximum
and minimum input, and finally the
heat loss due to condensate going down
the drain at maximum and minimum
input rates. DOE proposes to add
provisions to clarify the approach for
calculating steady-state efficiencies at
maximum and minimum input rates for
condensing, modulating boilers using
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to
clarify the calculation of steady-state
efficiencies at maximum and minimum
input rates for condensing, modulating
boilers using ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
DOE also considered the impact of the
change in oversize factor from a
calculated value to a constant value.
DOE analysis suggests that changing the
oversize factor from being determined
by an equation to being specified as a
constant value of 0.7 is unlikely to have
a substantive impact on AFUE ratings,
as DOE calculations indicate the AFUE
value is not particularly sensitive to
changes in the oversize factor value. For
example, DOE reviewed test data for
three modulating, condensing boilers
and found that the change in oversize
factor from a calculated value, as
specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993,
to 0.7 changed the AFUE rating by 0.01
AFUE percentage points or less for all
3 models. DOE also examined more
extreme scenarios for these boilers, in
which DOE assigned oversize factors
from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of
1.31 and found that the resulting AFUE
values differed by only up to 0.07 AFUE
percentage points as compared to the
AFUE with the assigned 0.7 oversize
factor, and only up to 0.13 AFUE
percentage points when comparing the
AFUE result at the upper and lower
bounds. These minimum and maximum
oversize factors correspond to the
minimum and maximum values that
would result from calculation based on
the procedure for determining these
values in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 (i.e.,
heating capacity divided by design
heating requirement minus one; see
Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993).
As such, DOE is proposing to adopt
the constant 0.7 oversize factor through
incorporation by reference of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017. Accordingly, DOE
is also proposing to remove calculation
requirements corresponding to multiple
degrees of oversizing.
DOE also requested information on
whether the differences between ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 identified in the May 2020
RFI would impact the measured AFUE,
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14630
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
and if so, DOE requested test data
demonstrating the degree of such
impact. DOE also requested comment on
whether the updates to ANSI/ASHRAE
103 are appropriate for adoption in the
Federal test procedure for consumer
boilers, whether the changes would
allow for more representative energy
efficiency ratings, and whether the
changes would increase test burden. 85
FR 29352, 29355–29356.
AHRI, Rheem, BWC, Lochinvar, CA
IOUs, and NEEA supported updating
the test procedure to incorporate by
reference ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
(AHRI, No. 6 at p. 3; Rheem, No. 9 at
p. 3; BWC, No. 4 at p. 2; Lochinvar, No.
8 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 5; NEEA,
No. 10 at p. 1) AHRI, Rheem, and
Lochinvar encouraged DOE to gather
data on whether the differences between
the 1993 and 2017 versions of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 would impact
measured AFUE. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 3 ;
Rheem, No. 9 at p. 3; Lochinvar, No. 8
at p. 2)
AHRI stated that it does not believe
that adopting the 2017 edition of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103 would significantly affect
the efficiency ratings or change the test
burden. AHRI commented that members
did not have sufficient time to reliably
assess the impact on measure efficiency
and encouraged DOE to generate data to
determine if adopting ASHRAE 103–
2017 would have any effect on the
appliance efficiency rating. (AHRI, No.
6 at p. 3) Similarly, Rheem stated that
it does not believe that adopting the
2017 edition of the ANSI/ASHRAE 103
would significantly affect the efficiency
ratings, although retesting existing
models to the new edition would
temporarily increase the test burden.
(Rheem, No. 9 at p. 3) The CA IOUs also
stated that it believed that ASHRAE
103–2017 is more representative of
typical operation for two-stage,
modulating, and condensing boiler
technologies and that updating to this
standard should not create significant
additional burden, as the majority of
changes are reflected in the calculation
methodology rather than the test
procedure. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 5)
Lochinvar asserted that the testing
methods in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
represent a significant improvement as
compared to those referenced by DOE in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 for residential
boilers, and cited the use of calculated
values rather than referencing graphs,
more realistic on- and off-cycle times,
and the uniform oversize factor
regardless of output rate as providing a
more representative average use cycle
and more repeatable results. (Lochinvar,
No. 8 at p. 2) Lochinvar stated that
updating to the 2017 version may result
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
in variations of up to 0.5 percent AFUE
in either direction for any given model.
(Id.) Lochinvar also stated that it does
not believe that referencing ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 would change the
measured efficiency enough to result in
substantially different efficiency ratings
as compared to those currently certified,
and, therefore, does not believe that
retesting would be necessary if the
referenced industry standard were
updated. (Id. at pp. 2–3)
BHI tentatively supported updating to
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, with the
caveat that it has not fully studied the
impacts of the potential changes. BHI
also requested that DOE provide
industry with a set of sample
calculations for each type of boiler
covered by the standard, if DOE adopts
ASHRAE 103–2017, to ensure that
everyone is operating from identical
methods of calculating AFUE or provide
industry with a vetted software tool.
(BHI, No. 11 at p. 2)
NEEA stated that an update to ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 would better
capture the performance of two stage
and modulating units. (NEEA, No. 10 at
pp. 1–2) NEEA explained that while the
update my affect AFUE ratings, the
revised ratings will better reflect annual
energy performance leading to a more
accurate representation of boiler energy
use. Id.
Weil McLain recommended against
updating to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
arguing that the 1993 version of
ASHRAE 103 is still appropriate and
that the resulting increases in accuracy
and resolution of the test method would
not increase the accuracy of the test
procedure due to the reporting of AFUE
to the tenth of a percent, nor would be
worth the burden of changing the test
procedure. (Weil McLain, No. 5 at p. 3)
In this rulemaking, DOE evaluated
whether the differences between the
1993 and 2017 editions of ASHRAE 103
would result in differences in the
measured AFUE.
DOE’s preliminary review of prior test
data has indicated a potential for
difference in AFUE for certain units,
specifically two-stage or modulating
models, due to the changes to the cycle
times between the two editions. In the
development of the January 2016 final
rule, DOE conducted preliminary testing
to examine the impacts of the changes
in cycle times between the 1993 and
2007 editions of ASHRAE 103, which
are comparable to the changes between
the 1993 and 2017 editions of ASHRAE
103. 81 FR 2628, 2633. Data collected
for the January 2016 final rule for three
models of condensing, modulating
boilers showed that the changes in oncycle and off-cycle times resulted in
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
changes in AFUE of 0.11, ¥0.50, and
0.22 percent, respectively. For two
models of non-condensing, modulating
boilers, calculating the AFUE based on
the on-cycle and off-cycle times in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007 changed the
AFUE by 0.11 and ¥0.14 percent,
respectively.11
In addition, AHRI submitted data for
testing it had conducted in response to
the changes proposed in a test
procedure NOPR for consumer furnaces
and boilers that was published by DOE
on March 11, 2015 (80 FR 12876). The
data from AHRI, in relevant part,
examined the change in AFUE resulting
from using ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2007 as
compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993
for three units. The data showed
changes in AFUE of ¥0.05 percent for
a non-condensing, modulating unit, and
¥0.03 and 0.23 percent for two
condensing, modulating units. (See
EERE–2012–BT–TP–0024–0036 at p. 10)
In reviewing ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993, DOE tentatively concludes
that the improvements included in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 provide a
more representative average use cycle
for consumer boilers, and in particular,
for two-stage and modulating boilers.
Specifically, DOE expects that the use of
calculated values rather than
referencing graphs, the specification of
more representative on- and off-cycle
times, and the specification of a
constant oversize factor regardless of
output rate would improve the results
obtained from ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993.
Therefore, DOE proposes to update
the reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 103 in
the test procedure for consumer boilers
to the 2017 edition. DOE tentatively
concludes that a change from ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 would not materially alter the
burden or cost of conducting an AFUE
test. Additional details on DOE’s
assessment of the burden associated
with this proposed change are in section
III.G.1 of this document. DOE is
proposing changes only with respect to
consumer boilers, and not for consumer
furnaces. DOE is not proposing to
amend the reference to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 for the provisions applicable
to consumer furnaces. As discussed, to
implement this change for boilers only,
DOE proposes to move the test
provisions for consumer boilers to a
new appendix, appendix EE, ‘‘Uniform
11 These data were presented at a public meeting
for the March 11, 2015 NOPR pertaining to test
procedures for furnaces and boilers and can be
found at: www.regulations.gov/document/EERE2012-BT-TP-0024-0021.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Boilers.’’
Corresponding to the updated
industry standard, DOE proposes to
make several modifications in the
proposed new appendix EE as compared
to the current test method in appendix
N. As discussed in section III.B of this
document, DOE proposes to remove
from new appendix EE definitions for
‘‘control’’ and ‘‘isolated combustion
system,’’ as these definitions are
included in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
DOE also proposes to remove the
sections for calculating part-load
efficiency at reduced and maximum fuel
input rates (currently sections 10.2 and
10.3 in appendix N) from proposed new
appendix EE. These sections were
initially adopted by DOE because ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–1993 did not provide
calculations for the scenario allowed
under section 9.10 of ASHRAE 103
(which is included in both the 1993 and
2017 versions), in which the heat up
and cool down tests can be optionally
skipped provided that certain criteria
are met. ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
added equations to address that scenario
that are identical to those previously
adopted by DOE, rendering those
sections duplicative. DOE is also
proposing minor changes to the test
method for models with post-purge
times longer than 3 minutes, consistent
with the updates included in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017. DOE is also
proposing changes to the calculations in
section 10, consistent with changes in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017. DOE notes
that appendix N includes certain
clarifications to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993 (e.g., to specify a reference to a
manufacturer’s I&O manual rather than
a manufacturer recommendation), and
DOE proposes to maintain those
clarifications in new appendix EE to the
extent they apply to ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017.
As discussed earlier in this section,
test data indicate that the update to the
2017 edition of ASHRAE 103 could
result in changes to the measured AFUE
of two-stage and modulating boilers
ranging from ¥0.50 percent to 0.23
percent, with no discernable trend in
the direction or magnitude of change.
DOE also notes that several commenters
indicated that incorporating ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 would likely not
significantly impact rated values.
DOE seeks further comment on its
proposal to update the incorporation by
reference of ASHRAE 103 to the most
recent version (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017) and in particular the potential
impact on ratings and whether retesting
would be required.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
E. Test Procedure Requirements
1. Ambient Conditions
The current consumer boilers test
procedure specifies that the ambient air
temperature during testing must be
between 65 °F and 100 °F for noncondensing boilers, and between 65 °F
and 85 °F for condensing boilers. See
section 7.0 of appendix N and Section
8.5.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993. In
addition, the relative humidity cannot
exceed 80 percent during condensate
measurement. Section 8.0 of appendix N
and 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comment and data on the effects of
ambient temperature and relative
humidity on AFUE results, whether the
current ranges of allowable conditions
adversely impact the representativeness
of AFUE values or repeatability of AFUE
testing, and whether a narrower range of
allowable ambient conditions would
increase testing burden. 85 FR 29352,
29356.
AHRI and Rheem encouraged DOE to
defer to the ambient conditions
specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
and stated that any changes would
mainly impact condensing models.
(AHRI, No. 6, at p. 4; Rheem, No. 9 at
p. 3) Lochinvar stated that the prior
record and DOE conclusions pertaining
to ambient temperature ranges and
relative humidity limits remain valid
and that further revisions are not
necessary. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 3)
Lochinvar also asserted that tightening
ambient condition tolerances could
disproportionately impact small
businesses, as they are less likely to be
able to absorb the costs of equipment to
maintain such ambient conditions.
(Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 6) Weil McLain
and BHI also supported the use of
industry consensus test procedures and
recommended maintaining the range of
operating conditions established in
industry standards. (Weil McLain, No. 5
at p. 4; BHI, No. 11 at p. 2)
CA IOUs recommended that DOE
narrow the range of allowable ambient
temperature to between 55 °F and 75 °F
during the test, with a tolerance of ±2 °F,
to better represent field conditions. (CA
IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4) NEEA also
recommended that DOE update ambient
and combustion air temperatures to
better reflect real world conditions that
exist in basements, garages, or semiconditioned spaces and operate during
winter months when temperatures are
colder. (NEEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
Specifically, NEEA suggested limiting
the range of ambient air temperatures to
be reflective of temperatures in spaces
where consumer boilers are likely to be
installed; limiting the range of
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14631
combustion air temperatures to reflect
the likely conditioners boilers will see
(i.e. reflective of the outside air
temperature for condensing products;
and limit the range of allowable
conditions overall to reduce the
opportunities for gaming the test
procedure and ensure consistency of
ratings across multiple tested products.
(NEEA, No. 10 at p. 2) NEEA explained
that the ambient air temperature and the
combustion air temperature are likely to
affect the boiler’s performance and will
affect radiation and convection losses
and combustion efficiency, respectively.
(NEEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
In the January 2016 final rule, DOE
investigated concerns regarding the
ambient air temperature and humidity
ranges allowed by the test method. 81
FR 2628, 2638. In that rulemaking, some
commenters raised concerns that the
wide range of allowable ambient
conditions could impact test results,
and that the ranges were initially
developed based on laboratory
conditions that are now outdated, (i.e.,
more closely controlled conditions may
now be achievable). Id. DOE had tested
one non-condensing boiler at several
ambient conditions and found that the
effects on AFUE were not statistically
significant. DOE also conducted a series
of eight AFUE tests on a condensing,
modulating unit and found that the
variations in AFUE could not be
definitively attributed to changes in
ambient conditions based on the data.
80 FR 12875, 12890 (Mar. 11, 2015)
Therefore, DOE did not propose to
update the ambient conditions in the
NOPR that preceded the January 2016
final rule and stated in the January 2016
final rule that the impact of ambient
conditions on AFUE values warranted
further study, but that DOE did not have
adequate data to justify changing the
test procedure to narrow the ambient
temperature or humidity ranges. Id.
In response to that NOPR, and again
in response to the May 2020 RFI, BHI
provided test data for a single
condensing boiler which showed a
change in AFUE of 1.3 percent when the
relative humidity was changed from
approximately 30 percent to 70 percent.
BHI did not support changing the
ambient temperature or humidity
limitations in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
stating in response to the May 2020 RFI
that minimal changes should be made to
industry standards. (BHI, No. 11 at pp.
2, 11 12)
After considering these comments and
test data, DOE tentatively concludes that
it lacks sufficient evidence to determine
12 See also Docket No. EERE–2012–BT–TP–0024–
0035 at p. 7.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14632
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
that ambient conditions affect AFUE to
the extent that a model tested under
different ambient conditions within the
current allowable bounds of the test
method could have significantly
different AFUE ratings. Although BHI
provided test data for a single unit
showing a difference, DOE notes that
DOE’s previous test data, obtained from
multiple units, did not indicate
conclusively that ambient test
conditions within the current bounds
cause substantive differences in AFUE.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing to
change the ambient test condition
requirements.
2. Combustion Airflow Settings
In the course of the rulemaking for the
January 2016 final rule, to provide for
greater consistency in burner airflow
settings during testing, DOE proposed
specifying that the excess air ratio, flue
oxygen (‘‘O2’’) percentage, or flue carbon
dioxide (‘‘CO2’’) percentage be within
the middle 30th percentile of the
acceptable range specified in the I&O
manual. 80 FR 12876, 12883, 12906
(Mar. 11, 2015). In absence of a
specified range in the I&O manual, DOE
proposed requiring the combustion
airflow to be adjusted to provide
between 6.9 percent and 7.1 percent dry
flue gas O2, or the lowest dry flue gas
O2 percentage that produces a stable
flame, no carbon deposits, and an airfree flue gas carbon monoxide (‘‘CO’’)
ratio below 400 parts per million
(‘‘ppm’’) during the steady-state test
described in Section 9.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2007, whichever is
higher. 80 FR 12876, 12906. However,
after considering comments regarding
the representativeness of the proposal
and the potential impact on rated AFUE,
DOE determined that further study was
needed to determine how such changes
would impact AFUE ratings. 81 FR
2628, 2636.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether more specific
instructions for setting the excess air
ratio, flue O2 percentage, and/or flue
CO2 percentage should be provided in
the consumer boilers test procedure,
and if so, what those instructions
should entail. 85 FR 29352, 29356. DOE
was particularly interested in
understanding whether such a change
would improve the representativeness
of the test method, and whether it
would impact test burden.
AHRI suggested that for boilers with
manually adjustable airflows, the CO2
level be set to within 0.1 percent of the
CO2 level, if specified, or within 0.2
percent of the maximum if a range is
given. In addition, the commenters
recommended that flue CO levels be
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
maintained below 400 ppm and, for oil
boilers, that the smoke level not exceed
smoke spot number 1 as measured by
ASTM D–2156.13 The commenters
suggested that if those conditions are
not met at the CO2 levels described
above, then the highest possible CO2
level that meets the CO and smoke
criteria (as applicable) should be used.
(AHRI, No. 6 at p. 4) Rheem explained
that more specific instructions for
setting the excess air ratio, the flue O2
level, and/or the flue CO2 level should
be added to the test procedure. Rheem
further stated its support for the
proposed language included with
AHRI’s comments. (Rheem, No. 9 at p.
3)
BWC stated that the AHRI residential
boiler certification program operations
manual sufficiently addresses setup and
adjustment of O2 and CO2 and urged
DOE to harmonize the Federal test
procedure with these instructions in the
AHRI operations manual. BWC
explained that it would be more
representative of how boilers will be
setup and operate in the field. BWC
stated that, for premix boilers, when O2
and CO2 values are not listed in the
setup instructions the current test
procedure requires conducting the tests
at the CO air-free (COAF) limit, which
is unrepresentative of manufacturerrecommended field setup, and could
lead to inaccurate AFUE ratings. BWC
stated that it believes capturing the
original CO2 level the unit was set at
during its initial certification would
provide greater consistency to test
results. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 2)
Lochinvar suggested that, for boilers
with adjustable combustion airflow, the
CO2 should be set to either the I&O
manual specification or, if a range is
specified, to the upper limit of the
range. If no CO2 setting is specified,
Lochinvar suggested testing in the asfound condition. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p.
3) Lochinvar also recommended the
following requirements be added to the
test method: (1) For oil or power gas
burner units with natural or induced
draft, the draft in the firebox be as
specified in the manufacturer’s I&O
instructions; (2) on forced draft or
pressure-fired boilers, the pressure at
the vent connection be as specified in
13 Section 3.1.1 of ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)
defines ‘‘smoke spot number, n’’ as the number of
the spot on the standard scale most closely
matching the color (or shade) of the test spot. In
section 4, ASTM D2156–09 (R2018) summarizes the
test method for determining the smoke spot number
as follows: A test smoke spot is obtained by pulling
a fixed volume of flue gas through a fixed area of
standard filter paper. The color (or shade) of the
spot thus produced is visually matched with a
standard scale, and the smoke density is expressed
as a ‘‘smoke spot number.’’
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
the manufacturer’s I&O instructions, or
when a range of pressure is provided
combustion shall be set to the
recommended pressure that results in
the highest CO2; (3) when tests are
required at reduced input rates and I&O
instructions include instruction for
adjusting the air/fuel ratio, firebox
pressure, or vent pressure at the
minimum firing rate, the adjustments
shall be made as specified in the
previous paragraphs but to the values
provided for the minimum firing rate, or
otherwise, no adjustments to the air/fuel
ratio, firebox pressure or vent pressure
at the minimum firing rate shall be
made; and (4) no firebox or vent
pressure adjustments shall be made to
outdoor boilers. (Lochinvar No. 8 at pp.
3–4)
CA IOUs requested that DOE add
explicit guidelines for flue O2, CO2, or
excess air ratios, but did not provide
specific suggestions. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at
p. 5) BHI expressed concern that the
addition of CO2 adjustment
requirements would create significant
burden in the form of requiring existing
boilers to be retested, and that this
change would result in significant
reductions in AFUE ratings across the
market. BHI recommended that if DOE
elects to make this change, conditions
similar to those recommended by AHRI
should be adopted. (BHI, No. 11 at p. 3)
Weil McLain also expressed concern
with the adoption of a requirement for
CO2 during testing for boilers with
manually adjustable airflow, asserting
that it could introduce an advantage or
disadvantage to this product type
relative to others that serve the same
market (i.e., including more combustion
property requirements on one category
of regulated product and not all gasfired categories of regulated products),
and may limit technologies and future
enhancements in the field of
combustion science. Weil-McLain stated
that if the DOE pursues this topic, it
recommended that DOE take a
combustion technology neutral position
by recognizing that: (A) Increasing the
combustion CO2 is ultimately
constrained by a corresponding increase
in the percentage of CO in the flue
products and (B) there are gas-fired
appliances for which the CO2 is
designed into the combustion system
and require physically changing or
modifying components to change the
CO2. Weil-McLain instead
recommended establishing a limit of
400 ppm of CO on an air-free basis
without additional constraints on
combustion products for gas-fired
appliances with the ability to adjust the
CO2. (Weil McLain, No. 5 at pp. 4–5)
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
After considering these comments,
DOE tentatively concludes that it lacks
sufficient data and information to
indicate that establishing a requirement
for setting the excess air ratio, flue O2
percentage, and/or flue CO2 percentage
would provide ratings that are more
representative than the ratings provided
under the current approach. Therefore,
DOE has tentatively determined to
maintain the current test procedure and
is not proposing to establish a
requirement for setting the excess air
ratio, flue O2 percentage, and/or flue
CO2 percentage.
3. Input Rates for Step Modulating
Boilers
Appendix N includes a number of
specific provisions for consumer boilers
with step modulating controls. Boilers
with step modulating controls are
capable of operating at reduced input
rates (i.e., less than that maximum
nameplate input rate) and gradually or
incrementally increasing or decreasing
the input rate as needed to meet the
heating load. The test procedure
currently requires step modulating
boilers to be tested at the maximum rate
and a minimum (i.e., ‘‘reduced’’) input
rate for the steady-state test (referencing
Section 9.1 of ASRHAE 103–1993), the
reduced input rate for the cool-down
test (referencing Section 9.5.2.4 of
ASRHAE 103–1993), and the reduced
input rate for the heat-up test
(referencing Section 9.6.2.1 of ASRHAE
103–1993). In addition, both the
optional tracer gas test and the
measurement of condensate under
cyclic conditions, when conducted, are
performed at the reduced input rate
(referencing Sections 9.7.5 and 9.8 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993, respectively).
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 contains the
same input rate requirements for
modulating boilers as ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether the existing
provisions for testing step modulating
boilers appropriately reflect the
performance of such boilers. If not, DOE
sought specific recommendations on the
changes that would be necessary to
make the test procedure more
representative for such products. 85 FR
29352, 29357.
AHRI, Rheem, BWC, and Weil McLain
commented that the current federal test
procedure for modulating units is
representative and appropriate. (AHRI
No. 6 at p. 5; Rheem, No. 9 at p. 4; BWC,
No. 4 at p. 2; Weil McLain, No. 5 at p.
5)
Based on the comments received and
absent information to the contrary, DOE
is not proposing changes for step
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
modulating units to account for
operation at any additional input rates
beyond those already specified by the
test procedure.
4. Return Water Temperature
The test procedure at appendix N
currently requires a nominal return
water temperature of 120 °F to 124 °F for
non-condensing boilers and 120 °F ±
2 °F for condensing boilers. (See section
7.0 of appendix N and Sections 8.4.2.3
and 8.4.2.3.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993.)
CA IOUs recommended that DOE
adopt multiple entering water
temperatures for condensing and noncondensing boilers, respectively,
consistent with the methodology
developed by the ASHRAE 155P
Committee for testing and rating
commercial boilers. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at
p. 2)
On January 15, 2016, DOE published
a final rule amending the energy
conservation standards for consumer
furnaces (the ‘‘January 2016 ECS final
rule’’). 81 FR 2320. For its analysis for
the January 2016 ECS final rule, DOE
investigated the relationship between
return water temperature and field
performance, and developed adjustment
factors to modify the AFUE based on
expected return water temperatures.
DOE developed adjustment factors for
low, medium, and high return water
temperature scenarios and estimated
that, on average, AFUE would vary from
the rated value by ¥2.66 percent to
+3.15 percent depending on the model
characteristics and return water
temperature.14 While DOE developed
three return water temperature
scenarios, there is a wide range of
potential return water temperatures in
the field. 81 FR 2320, 2354.
EPCA requires DOE to establish test
procedures that are reasonably designed
to produce test results which measure
energy efficiency of a consumer boilers
during a representative average use
cycle or period of use, as determined by
the Secretary, and shall not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3)) DOE tentatively concludes
that given the wide potential range of
operating conditions, the single return
water temperature specified in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 provides an average
value that allows for a comparison of
performance at comparable rating
conditions and is reasonably
representative.
14 See chapter 7 of the January 2016 ECS Final
Rule technical support document (Document No. 70
in Docket No. EERE–2012–BT–STD–0047), found
online at www.regulations.gov/document/EERE2012-BT-STD-0047-0070.
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14633
DOE seeks additional comment on
whether the return water temperature in
the current test method and ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 are representative
and appropriate, and whether any
specific changes to the required
conditions could improve
representativeness. DOE is also
interested in receiving comment on the
test burden that would result from
changing the return water
temperature(s) specified in the test
procedure.
5. Active Mode Electrical Energy
Consumption
As noted in section III.C of this
document, for gas-fired and oil-fired
boilers, AFUE accounts for fossil fuel
consumption in active, standby, and off
modes, but does not include electrical
energy consumption.
In response to the May 2020 RFI, CA
IOUs recommended that all of the active
mode energy use should be accounted
for; however, information on the active
mode electrical energy use be reported
separately, as is done for off mode and
standby mode, to enable product
differentiation and to identify best
performing boilers regarding electrical
energy consumption. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at
p. 4)
As stated, AFUE does not include
active mode or standby mode and off
mode electrical consumption for gasfired and oil-fired boilers. As such,
active mode and standby mode and off
mode electrical energy consumption is
not a factor in determining whether a
gas-fired or oil-fired boiler complies
with the applicable energy conservation
standard, and is therefore not required
to be reported. The DOE test procedure
includes provisions for determining the
average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas-fired and
oil-fired boilers (EAE), as a separate
metric from AFUE, that accounts for
active mode, standby mode, and off
mode electrical consumption. (See
appendix N, section 10.4.3.) EAE is
referenced by the calculations at 10 CFR
430.23(n)(1) for determining the
estimated annual operating cost for
furnaces. However, the provisions at 10
CFR 430.23(n) include several incorrect
references to sections in appendix N.
DOE is proposing to correct the
incorrect section references as part of
this NOPR, but does not view this as a
substantive change to the requirements
of 10 CFR 430.23(n). Specifically, DOE
proposes to change references to
sections 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5 of
appendix N to reference sections 10.4,
10.5, 10.6, and 10.7 of appendix N,
respectively.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14634
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Although not required to be reported
separately to DOE, to the extent that a
manufacturer voluntarily chooses to
make representations as to the active
mode and standby mode and off mode
electrical consumption of a gas-fired or
oil-fired boiler, such representations
must fairly disclose the results of testing
according to the DOE test procedure. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(1))
6. Standby Mode and Off Mode
As discussed in section III.C of this
document, separate metrics for power
consumption during standby mode and
off mode (PW,SB and PW,OFF,
respectively) are used to regulate
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. These values are
measured in accordance with the
procedures in IEC 62301, with certain
exceptions specified regarding test
conditions, instrumentation
requirements, and rounding
requirements. (See appendix N, section
8.11.)
AHRI recommended that DOE
consider streamlining the standby and
off mode power consumption test
procedure. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 6) AHRI
stated that it will investigate means to
streamline the process and will submit
a proposal, but AHRI did not have
sufficient time to develop a proposal for
this comment deadline. (AHRI, No. 6 at
p. 6) DOE has not received further input
or detail from AHRI on this issue prior
to the issuance of this NOPR.
Lochinvar suggested that the standby
mode and off mode test procedure be
simplified by allowing a measurement
of standby and off mode energy
consumption using a calibrated power
meter. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 5)
EPCA requires that DOE amend test
procedures to include standby mode
and off mode energy consumption,
‘‘taking into consideration the most
current versions of Standards 62301 and
62087 of the International
Electrotechnical Commission.’’ (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) The DOE test
method currently references IEC 62301,
which provides instructions for
measuring standby mode and off mode
energy consumption. IEC 62301
provides several options for measuring
the standby mode and off mode power
consumption using either the ‘‘sampling
method,’’ ‘‘average reading method,’’ or
‘‘direct meter reading method.’’
Although these methods vary, if the
standby or off mode consumption is
stable, each method can be completed in
under 1 hour, and the sampling method
can be completed in as little as 15
minutes. DOE has determined that the
provisions in IEC 62301 provide an
appropriate representation of standby
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
mode and off mode energy consumption
and are not unduly burdensome. See
generally 77 FR 76831 (Dec. 31, 2012).
The commenters did not present data to
show that a simplified method could
produce results equivalent to IEC 62301.
For these reasons, DOE is not proposing
to amend the test method for standby
mode and off mode energy
consumption.
DOE seeks further comment on
whether a simplified approach for
measuring standby mode and off mode
electrical energy consumption is
appropriate and would provide
accurate, representative results that are
comparable to those obtained with IEC
62301.
7. Full Fuel Cycle
Energy Kinetics stated that Full Fuel
Cycle (‘‘FFC’’) efficiency and source
efficiency analysis should be
incorporated into the test procedure to
allow for comparisons between direct
fired heat and hot water systems and
electric grid-based systems. Energy
Kinetics argued that low electric power
generation efficiency and high
transmission and distribution losses
create a false sense of high efficiency for
vapor compression cycle heating
equipment when compared to direct
fired heating equipment. (Energy
Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 3)
The FFC accounts for the energy
consumed in extracting, processing, and
transporting fuels. Generally, DOE uses
the National Energy Modeling System
(‘‘NEMS’’) as the basis for deriving the
energy and emission multipliers used to
conduct FFC analyses in support of
energy conservation standards
rulemakings. 77 FR 49701 (Aug. 17,
2012). DOE also uses NEMS to derive
factors to convert site electrical energy
use or savings to primary energy
consumption by the electric power
sector. NEMS is updated annually in
association with the preparation of the
Energy Information Administration’s
Annual Energy Outlook. The energy and
emission multipliers used to conduct
FFC analyses are subject to change each
year.
DOE has previously considered a FFC
metric in the January 2016 final rule. In
that final rule, DOE concluded that a
mathematical adjustment to the test
procedure to account for FFC is not
appropriate, because the mathematical
adjustment to the site-based energy
descriptor relies on information that is
updated annually, which would require
annual updating of the test method. 81
FR 2628, 2639. DOE maintains that
position for this NOPR, as the
circumstances are the same as when
DOE last considered this issue for the
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
January 2016 final rule, and accordingly
is not proposing to amend the test
procedure to reflect FFC.
8. Conversion Factor for British Thermal
Units
Upon its review of the current
appendix N test procedure, DOE
observed inconsistencies in the existing
formulas with respect to the values used
to convert energy in watts (W) or
kilowatts (kW) to Btu/h. For example,
section 10.5 of the current appendix N
indicates that the conversion factor from
watt-hours to Btu (i.e., watts to Btu/h) is
3.412. Simultaneously, section 10.4 of
the current appendix N includes
equations which include 341,300 as the
conversion factor between Watts and
Btu/h expressed for percentage points
(essentially identifying the conversion
factor from watt-hours to Btu as 3.413
instead of 3.412).
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 also has
these inconsistencies. (See, for example,
section 4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993
and Appendix B of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993, which use 3.412 W/(Btu/h) and
3.413 W/(Btu/h), respectively). ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 strictly uses the
3.413 W/(Btu/h) conversion factor,
however.
DOE notes that the conversion factor
between watts and Btu/h is generally
accepted to be 1 watt = 3.412142 Btu/
h (or 1 Btu/h = 0.2930711 watts), as
published in the ASHRAE
Fundamentals Handbook.15 This value
is more appropriately rounded to 3.412
W/(Btu/h); therefore, DOE is making a
correction to the proposed appendix N
and appendix EE test procedures to use
3.412 W/(Btu/h) in all calculations. This
correction is not expected to affect
AFUE ratings.
F. Alternative Efficiency Determination
Methods
At 10 CFR 429.70, DOE includes
provisions for alternative efficiency
determination methods (‘‘AEDMs’’),
which are computer modeling or
mathematical tools that predict the
performance of non-tested basic models.
They are derived from mathematical
models and engineering principles that
govern the energy efficiency and energy
consumption characteristics of a type of
covered equipment. These computer
modeling and mathematical tools, when
properly developed, can provide a
relatively straight-forward and
reasonably accurate means to predict
the energy usage or efficiency
characteristics of a basic model of a
15 2021 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals (I–P
Edition). Peachtree Corners, GA: American Society
of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, 2021.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
given covered product or equipment
and reduce the burden and cost
associated with testing. 78 FR 79579,
79580 (Dec. 31, 2013; the ‘‘December
2013 AEDM Final Rule’’).
Where authorized by regulation,
AEDMs enable manufacturers to rate
and certify their basic models by using
the projected energy use or energy
efficiency results derived from these
simulation models in lieu of testing. Id
at 78 FR 79580. DOE has authorized the
use of AEDMs for certain covered
products and equipment that are
difficult or expensive to test in an effort
to reduce the testing burden faced by
manufacturers of expensive or highly
customized basic models. Id. DOE’s
regulations currently permit
manufacturers of certain products and
equipment to use AEDMs to rate their
non-tested basic models (and
combinations, where applicable)
provided they meet the Department’s
regulations governing such use.
Weil-McLain encouraged DOE to
allow use of AEDMs for consumer
boilers similar to DOE’s existing
approach to allow AEDMs for
commercial equipment (which DOE
understands to refer to commercial
package boilers) in order to reduce
testing burden and speed the new
product development process while
maintaining the intent of EPCA. (WeilMcLain, No. 5 at pp. 1–2)
Currently, manufacturers of consumer
boilers (or furnaces more generally) are
not authorized to use an AEDM to
determine ratings for these products.
However, as discussed in section III.G.1
of this NOPR, manufacturers of cast iron
boilers may determine AFUE for models
at a capacity other than the highest or
lowest of the group of basic models
having identical intermediate sections
and combustion chambers through
linear interpolation of data obtained for
the smallest and largest capacity units of
the family. See 10 CFR
429.18(a)(2)(iv)(A). These provisions
already provide manufacturers with an
alternative method of rating consumer
boilers without testing every model, and
this alternative method reduces
manufacturer test burden. Further, DOE
explained in the December 2013 AEDM
Final Rule that the AEDM provisions
extend to those products or equipment
which ‘‘have expensive or highlycustomized basic models.’’ 78 FR 79579,
79580. The current AEDM provisions
for commercial HVAC equipment
(including commercial package boilers,
for example) were in part the result of
a negotiated rulemaking effort by the
Appliance Standards and Rulemaking
Federal Advisory Committee (ASRAC)
in 2013. Id. Boilers designed for
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
residential applications were not
considered at the time.16 78 FR 79579.
Hence, at this time, DOE does not have
sufficient information to propose AEDM
regulations for consumer boilers.
DOE requests further comment on
whether AEDM provisions similar to
those in place for commercial
equipment would be necessary and
appropriate for consumer boilers.
G. Certification Requirements
1. Linear Interpolation
Certification requirements for
consumer boilers are provided at 10
CFR 429.18. These requirements, in
part, allow for manufacturers to make
representations of efficiency for basic
models of sectional cast-iron boilers
having identical intermediate sections
and combustion chambers using linear
interpolation of data obtained for the
smallest and largest capacity units of the
family. 10 CFR 429.18(a)(2)(iv)(A). AHRI
and Lochinvar recommended that DOE
extend the applicability of the existing
linear interpolation provisions to boilers
with any type of heat exchanger
material. Specifically, AHRI and
Lochinvar suggested that DOE include
an additional section to the linear
interpolation provisions stating, ‘‘for
each basic model or input capacity of
boilers having similar geometric
construction other than the higher or
lowest input capacity in the group of
basic models and is not a sectional castiron boiler.’’ Both commenters proposed
language which reflects these potential
changes and also includes editorial
updates. (AHRI No. 6 at p. 2; Lochinvar,
No. 8, at p. 5)
DOE adopted the linear interpolation
provision applicable to cast-iron boilers
in a final rule published on April 13,
1979 (‘‘April 1979 Final Rule’’). 44 FR
22410. In the April 1979 Final Rule,
DOE discussed the effects of sectional
design of cast-iron boilers. Data
submitted showed that the annual fuel
utilization efficiency, energy
consumption and estimated annual
operating cost of sectional cast iron
boilers (i.e., cast iron boilers consisting
of an assembly of two end sections and
a variable number of identical
intermediate sections, the number of
intermediate sections depending on the
desired heating capacity) can be
accurately predicted by a linear
interpolation based on data obtained
from units having the smallest and
largest number of intermediate sections.
Id. 44 FR 22415. Therefore, little or no
new information would result from any
16 Working group meeting transcripts can be
found at www.regulations.gov under Docket No.
EERE–2013–BT–NOC–0023.
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14635
requirement for actual testing of middlesized units. Id. In particular, data was
submitted that showed the efficiencies
measured according to DOE test
procedures of 15 groups of sectional
cast-iron boilers, with each group
comprising boilers identical except for
the number of intermediate sections. Id.
An analysis of the data showed that
linear interpolation for the middle-sized
units resulted in errors in the measured
efficiency of less than 2 percent
compared to actual test results. Id. DOE
concluded that since the tolerance of all
measures of energy consumption had
been established as 5 percent
(applicable to the test procedures at that
time), the reliability of measured energy
consumption for the middle-sized units
would not be significantly diminished
by a linear interpolation based on data
obtained from testing units having the
smallest and largest number of
intermediate sections and the same
combustion chamber. Id. As discussed,
the analysis of this issue in the April
1979 Final Rule was limited to cast-iron
boilers, for which a robust sample of test
data was provided to justify the use of
a linear interpolation approach.
Commenters have not provided any data
or other information to demonstrate that
using a linear interpolation method with
other types of heat exchanger materials
would produce representative test
results. Lacking such data or
information that would justify
extending the approach to other
materials, DOE is not proposing to
extend the linear interpolation approach
to boilers with other heat exchanger
materials. If presented with such data or
other information, DOE could consider
such a change.
DOE seeks comment on data or other
information that demonstrates that
using a linear interpolation method for
heat exchanger materials other than cast
iron would produce representative test
results.
2. Supplemental Test Instructions
For commercial boilers, DOE provides
that a certification report may include
supplemental testing instructions, if
such information is necessary to run a
valid test. Specifically, supplemental
information must include any
additional testing and testing set up
instructions (e.g., specific operational or
control codes or settings), which would
be necessary to operate the basic model
under the required conditions specified
by the relevant test procedure. 10 CFR
429.60(b)(4).
BHI suggested the creation of a
repository for test instructions, similar
to that currently in place for commercial
boilers, instead of requiring a waiver to
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14636
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
allow for use of specific test instructions
not included in the I&O manual or the
DOE test procedure. BHI stated that
control systems are increasingly
complex, which it asserted makes it
impractical to run the test without
special tools or codes in many cases.
Further, BHI stated there are safety and
reliability concerns with putting testingspecific instructions in the I&O manual.
BHI also asserted that the use of the
waiver process for these test instruction
issues is burdensome, unnecessary, and
is unjustifiably inconsistent with the
test procedure rule for commercial
boilers. (BHI, No. 11 at pp. 3–4)
BHI did not provide specific examples
of test instructions that could not be
included in the I&O manual due to
concerns about safety or reliability, and
that would thus need to be presented in
a waiver. In addition, DOE has not
received any petitions for waiver for any
basic models of consumer boilers,
indicating that there is not a problem
with testing absent such additional
information. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing to establish a repository for
test instructions for consumer boilers.
Should testing of a consumer boiler
necessitate controls or instructions other
than those included in the I&O manual,
manufacturers may petition for a waiver
under the process established at 10 CFR
430.27.
DOE seeks further comment on
whether supplemental test instructions
are necessary for testing consumer
boilers.
3. Standby Mode and Off Mode
Certification
Lochinvar suggested that standby
mode and off mode power consumption
determined for a single basic model be
permitted to be used for a product line.
Lochinvar stated that the variation in
standby and off mode power
consumption between products of the
same basic model are small enough to
utilize the basic model’s rating for the
entire product line. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at
p. 5)
DOE defines ‘‘basic model’’ in
relevant part as meaning all units of a
given type of covered product (or class
thereof) manufactured by one
manufacturer; having the same primary
energy source; and which have
essentially identical electrical, physical,
and functional (or hydraulic)
characteristics that affect energy
consumption, energy efficiency, water
consumption, or water efficiency. 10
CFR 430.2. If consumer boiler models
are sufficiently similar that they can be
grouped as a single basic model
consistent with the definition above, it
would be expected that these individual
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
models would have nearly identical
standby mode and off mode power
consumption. In such an instance,
standby mode and off mode power
consumption determined for an
individual model could be used for all
individual models within the same
basic model.
H. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In response to the May 2020 RFI,
Weil-McLain encouraged DOE to
evaluate the cumulative burden upon
industry based upon the average
number of regulated product categories
and active regulations for manufacturers
during future product efficiency
rulemakings. (Weil-McLain, No. 5 at p.
2)
EPCA requires that any amended test
procedures prescribed must be
reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average
use cycle or period of use and not be
unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) In proposing
amendments to the test procedure for
consumer boilers, DOE considers the
burden to industry. In this NOPR, DOE
proposes to amend the existing test
procedure for consumer boilers by
updating the references to industry
standards to reference the most recent
versions, i.e., to reference ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 and ASTM D2156–
09 (R2018). DOE has tentatively
determined that these proposed
amendments would not impact testing
costs or increase burden, as discussed in
the following paragraphs.
a. ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)
DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference the most recent version of
ASTM D2156–09, which was reaffirmed
in 2018. Because the relevant provisions
of ASTM D2156–09 (R2018) are
unchanged from the version of ASTM
D2156–09 currently incorporated by
reference, this proposed change would
not result in any change to how the test
procedure is conducted, would not
impact the measured AFUE ratings, and
would not result in any change to the
burden associated with the test
procedure.
b. ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference the most recent version of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103, ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017. DOE has tentatively
concluded that the test procedure
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
referencing ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
would not impact the test procedure
burden as compared to the current test
procedure. As discussed in section III.D
of this document, based on a review of
test data and comments from
stakeholders, DOE has tentatively
determined that while the proposed
amendment could result in differences
in the measured values, such differences
would be minimal and would not
require re-testing or re-rating of any
consumer boilers.
Based on this initial determination,
manufacturers would be able to rely on
data generated under the current test
procedure, should the proposed
amendments be finalized. As such, it
would be unlikely that retesting of
consumer boilers would be required
solely as a result of DOE’s adoption of
the proposed amendments to the test
procedure. However, if a manufacturer
were to re-test a model using the
proposed procedure, DOE estimates that
the cost of performing the proposed
AFUE test at a third-party laboratory
would be $3,000.
DOE requests comment on DOE’s
tentative determination as to the impact
and associated costs of the proposed
incorporation by reference of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
c. ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014
DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference the most recent version of
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6, ANSI/ASHRAE
41.6–2014. ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014 is
referenced in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
for determining the relative humidity of
the room air during testing of
condensing boilers. (See Section 8.5.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.) The
previous version of ANSI/ASHRAE 103,
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993, includes
limitations on the relative humidity of
the test room during testing of
condensing boilers (see Sections 9.2 and
9.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993), but
does not provide instructions on how
the measurements must be obtained.
The reference to ASHRAE 41.6–2014 in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 will ensure a
consistent approach to determining the
relative humidity for the purpose of
meeting the test conditions. Because the
DOE test method and ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 currently limit relative
humidity allowed during testing, DOE
reasons that relative humidity already
must be measured under the current
procedure. DOE has thus tentatively
concluded that the incorporation by
reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014
would not impact the test procedure
burden as compared to the current test
procedure, as the method would likely
be similar to current practices.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
DOE requests comment on DOE’s
tentative determination the proposed
incorporation by reference of ASHRAE
41.6–2014 will not increase test burden.
2. Harmonization With Industry
Standards
DOE’s established practice is to adopt
relevant industry standards as DOE test
procedures unless such methodology
would be unduly burdensome to
conduct or would not produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency,
energy use, water use (as specified in
EPCA) or estimated operating costs of
that product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use.
Section 8(c) of appendix A of 10 CFR
part 430 subpart C. In cases where the
industry standard does not meet this
EPCA statutory criteria for test
procedures, DOE will make
modifications as part of the rulemaking
process.
Appendix N incorporates by reference
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 for scope,
definitions, classifications,
requirements, instruments, apparatus,
testing conditions, testing procedure,
nomenclature, and calculations for
determining AFUE. Appendix N also
incorporates by reference IEC 62301 for
measuring standby mode and off mode
power consumption, and ASTM D2156–
09 (Reapproved 2013) for adjusting oil
burners. The industry standards DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference via
amendments described in this NOPR are
discussed in further detail in section
IV.M of this document. DOE notes that
DOE has previously established certain
modifications to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993 to improve representativeness and
repeatability, provide additional
direction, and reduce burden. Similarly,
DOE has established modifications to
IEC 62301 to substitute conditions for
room ambient temperature and
electrical supply from ANSI/ASHRAE
103–1993 to reduce burden. In general,
DOE has determined that those
modifications remain relevant to the
updated editions of the referenced
industry test standards and is not
proposing to amend or delete those
previously established modifications.
DOE requests comments on the
benefits and burdens of the proposed
updates and additions to industry
standards referenced in the test
procedure for consumer boilers.
I. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends
a test procedure, all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made on marketing
materials and product labels, must be
made in accordance with that amended
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended
test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers
to petition DOE for an extension of the
180-day period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.)
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(‘‘OMB’’) has determined that this test
procedure rulemaking does not
constitute a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under section 3(f) of Executive
Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct.
4, 1993). Accordingly, this action was
not subject to review under the
Executive order by the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis (‘‘IRFA’’) for any rule that by
law must be proposed for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: energy.gov/gc/officegeneral-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule
under the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19,
2003. DOE certifies that the proposed
rule, if adopted, would not have
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
The factual basis of this certification is
set forth in the following paragraphs.
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14637
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets
forth the criteria and procedures DOE
must follow when prescribing or
amending test procedures for covered
products. EPCA requires that any test
procedures prescribed or amended
under this section must be reasonably
designed to produce test results which
measure energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
update 10 CFR part 430 subpart B,
appendix N, ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Furnaces and Boilers,’’ to remove the
provisions applicable only to consumer
boilers and rename the appendix
‘‘Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Furnaces.’’
Correspondingly, DOE proposes to
create a new appendix EE, ‘‘Uniform
Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Boilers.’’ In the
proposed new appendix EE, DOE
proposes to include all provisions
currently included in appendix N for
consumer boilers, with the following
modifications:
(1) Incorporate by reference the current
revision to the applicable industry
standard, ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
‘‘Methods of Testing for Annual Fuel
Utilization Efficiency of Residential
Central Furnaces and Boilers’’
(2) Incorporate by reference the current
revision of ASTM Standard D2156–09
(Reapproved 2018), ‘‘Standard Test
Method for Smoke Density in Flue
Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels’’
(ASTM D2156–09)
(3) Incorporate by reference ASHRAE
41.6–2014, ‘‘Standard Method for
Humidity Measurement’’
(4) Update the definitions to reflect the
changes in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993. Also remove definition of
outdoor furnace or boiler from 10 CFR
430.2
For manufacturers of consumer
boilers, the Small Business
Administration (‘‘SBA’’) has set a size
threshold, which defines those entities
classified as ‘‘small businesses’’ for the
purposes of the statute. DOE used the
SBA’s small business size standards to
determine whether any small entities
would be subject to the requirements of
the rule. See 13 CFR part 121. The
equipment covered by this rule is
classified under North American
Industry Classification System
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14638
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
(‘‘NAICS’’) code 333414,17 ‘‘Heating
Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces)
Manufacturing.’’ In 13 CFR 121.201, the
SBA sets a threshold of 500 employees
or fewer for an entity to be considered
as a small business for this category.
DOE identified manufacturers using
DOE’s Compliance Certification
Database (‘‘CCD’’),18 the AHRI
database,19 the California Energy
Commission’s Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System
(‘‘MAEDbS’’),20 the ENERGY STAR
Product Finder database,21 and the prior
consumer boiler energy conservation
standards rulemaking. DOE used the
publicly available information and
subscription-based market research
tools (e.g., reports from Dun &
Bradstreet 22) to identify 28 original
equipment manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’) of
the covered equipment. Of the 28 OEMs,
DOE identified seven domestic
manufacturers of consumer boilers that
met the SBA definition of a ‘‘small
business.’’
As stated earlier, in this NOPR, DOE
proposes to amend the existing test
procedure for consumer boilers by
updating the references to industry
standards to reference the most recent
versions. Based on a review of test data
and stakeholder comments, DOE has
initially determined that the proposed
amendments to reference ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 in the test
procedure would not require retesting or
re-rating. DOE conducted testing to
compare the results from testing in
accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
1993 (the 1993 version is currently
incorporated by reference in the DOE
test procedure) with results using the
more recent editions of ANSI/ASHRAE
103 to reach this tentative
determination, which is further
supported by a majority of comments
from industry stakeholders indicating
no expected impact of updating this test
standard reference. ASTM Standard
D2156–09, which is currently
incorporated by reference, was
reapproved in 2018 with no substantial
17 The size standards are listed by NAICS code
and industry description and are available at:
www.sba.gov/document/support--table-sizestandards (Last accessed on September 22, 2021).
18 DOE’s Compliance Certification Database is
available at: www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms (last
accessed July 12, 2021).
19 The AHRI Database is available at:
www.ahridirectory.org (last accessed March 3,
2021).
20 California Energy Commission’s MAEDbS is
available at cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/
ApplianceSearch.aspx (last accessed September 22,
2021).
21 The ENERGY STAR Product Finder database is
available at energystar.gov/productfinder/ (last
accessed September 22, 2021).
22 app.dnbhoovers.com.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
differences. Therefore, DOE’s proposal
to incorporate the version of ASTM
D2156–09 reapproved in 2018 would
not result in any impact on results or
test burden. DOE also proposes to
incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE
41.6–2014, a test method for
determination of relative humidity.
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–1993 (and by
extension, the current DOE test
procedure) includes limitations on the
relative humidity of the test room
during certain testing, but it does not
provide instructions on how the
measurements must be obtained.
ASHRAE 41.6–2014 is referenced in
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 as the
required approach to determining the
relative humidity for the purpose of
meeting the test conditions. The test
method in ASHARE 41.6–2014 is
understood to be similar to current
industry practices and is thus not
expected to introduce any new test
burden for manufacturers.
As such, the test procedure
amendments would not result in any
change in burden associated the DOE
test procedure for consumer boilers.
Therefore, DOE initially concludes
that the test procedure amendments
proposed in this NOPR would not have
a ‘‘significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities,’’
and that the preparation of an IRFA is
not warranted. DOE will transmit the
certification and supporting statement
of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration for review under 5
U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE welcomes comment on the
Regulatory Flexibility certification
conclusion.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of consumer boilers
must certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including consumer boilers. (See
generally 10 CFR part 429.) The
collection-of-information requirement
for the certification and recordkeeping
is subject to review and approval by
OMB under the Paperwork Reduction
Act (‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to
update references to industry test
standards to reference the most current
versions. DOE is also proposing to
reorganize the test procedures so that
boilers are addressed in an appendix
separate from furnaces generally. The
proposed amendments would not
establish new or amended reporting
requirements.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this NOPR, DOE proposes test
procedure amendments that it expects
will be used to develop and implement
future energy conservation standards for
consumer boilers. DOE has determined
that this rule falls into a class of actions
that are categorically excluded from
review under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE’s
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part
1021. Specifically, DOE has determined
that adopting test procedures for
measuring energy efficiency of
consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities
identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6.
Accordingly, neither an environmental
assessment nor an environmental
impact statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999) imposes
certain requirements on agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE has examined this proposed
rule and has determined that it would
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE
for exemption from such preemption to
the extent, and based on criteria, set
forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No
further action is required by Executive
Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity, (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation, (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation, (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction, (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately
defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the proposed
rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
proposed regulatory action likely to
result in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector of $100 million or more
in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires
a Federal agency to publish a written
statement that estimates the resulting
costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b))
The UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process
to permit timely input by elected
officers of State, local, and Tribal
governments on a proposed ‘‘significant
intergovernmental mandate,’’ and
requires an agency plan for giving notice
and opportunity for timely input to
potentially affected small governments
before establishing any requirements
that might significantly or uniquely
affect small governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of
policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under
UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available at
https://energy.gov/gc/office-generalcounsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its
statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an
intergovernmental mandate, nor a
mandate that may result in the
expenditure of $100 million or more in
any year, so these requirements do not
apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of
the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family
Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this proposed
regulation would not result in any
takings that might require compensation
under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14639
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has reviewed
this proposed rule under the OMB and
DOE guidelines and has concluded that
it is consistent with applicable policies
in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A
‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1)
is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor
order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is
designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. For
any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use
should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the
action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to
amend the test procedure for measuring
the energy efficiency of consumer
boilers is not a significant regulatory
action under Executive Order 12866.
Moreover, it would not have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it
been designated as a significant energy
action by the Administrator of OIRA.
Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14640
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed modifications to the
test procedure for consumer boilers
would reference testing methods
contained in certain sections of the
following commercial standards: ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 103 (ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017), ASTM D2156–09 (R2018),
and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6–2014
(ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014). DOE has
evaluated these standards and is unable
to conclude whether they fully comply
with the requirements of section 32(b) of
the FEAA (i.e., whether they were
developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE will
consult with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
M. Description of Materials
Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference the test
standard published by ANSI/ASHRAE,
titled ‘‘Method of Testing for Annual
Fuel Utilization Efficiency of
Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers,’’ ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017. The
purpose of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 is
to provide procedures for determining
the annual fuel utilization efficiency of
consumer furnaces and boilers. Relevant
to the DOE test procedure, the standard
includes test methods for cyclic and
part-load performance and calculation
procedures for establishing seasonal
performance. The standard provides
information on definitions,
classifications, requirements,
instruments, methods of testing, testing
procedures, nomenclature, and
calculations for determining the AFUE
of consumer boilers.
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 includes a
reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014,
‘‘Standard Method for Humidity
Measurement,’’ which DOE also
proposes to incorporate by reference.
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014 includes
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
instructions for measuring the relative
humidity of the test room air.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
and ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014 can be
obtained from the American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc.,
Publication Sales, 180 Technology
Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA
30092, (800) 527–4723 or (404) 636–
8400, or online at: www.ashrae.org.
In this NOPR, DOE also proposes to
incorporate by reference the test
standard published by ASTM, titled
‘‘Standard Test Method for Smoke
Density in Flue Gases from Burning
Distillate Fuels,’’ ASTM D2156–09
(R2018)). ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)
includes instructions for determining
the amount of smoke produced by an oil
burner to ensure the burner is adjusted
properly.
Copies of ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)
can be obtained from the ASTM
International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,
P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 or online at: www.astm.org.
In this NOPR, DOE also proposes to
incorporate by reference the test
standard published by IEC, titled
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,’’
Edition 2.0 2011–01 (IEC 62301). IEC
62301 includes instructions for
determining the electrical power
consumption during standby mode.
Copies of IEC 62301 can be obtained
from the American National Standards
Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor,
New York, NY 10036, (212) 642–4900,
or online at: webstore.ansi.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date for the webinar are
listed in the DATES section at the
beginning of this document. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled. Webinar registration
information, participant instructions,
and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE’s website:
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/standards.aspx?
productid=45&action=viewcurrent.
Participants are responsible for ensuring
their systems are compatible with the
webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the
topics addressed in this document, or
who is representative of a group or class
of persons that has an interest in these
issues, may request an opportunity to
make an oral presentation at the
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
webinar. Such persons may submit to
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a
computer file in WordPerfect, Microsoft
Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format
that briefly describes the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and the
topics they wish to discuss. Such
persons should also provide a daytime
telephone number where they can be
reached.
Persons requesting to speak should
briefly describe the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and provide
a telephone number for contact. DOE
requests persons selected to make an
oral presentation to submit an advance
copy of their statements at least two
weeks before the webinar. At its
discretion, DOE may permit persons
who cannot supply an advance copy of
their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative
arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary,
requests to give an oral presentation
should ask for such alternative
arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to
preside at the webinar/public meeting
and may also use a professional
facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or
evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with
section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6306). A
court reporter will be present to record
the proceedings and prepare a
transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and
to establish the procedures governing
the conduct of the webinar. There shall
not be discussion of proprietary
information, costs or prices, market
share, or other commercial matters
regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After
the webinar/public meeting and until
the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further
comments on the proceedings and any
aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an
informal, conference style. DOE will
allow time for prepared general
statements by participants and
encourage all interested parties to share
their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be
allowed to make a general statement
(within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics.
DOE will permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any
general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements
on a topic, DOE will permit participants
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
to clarify their statements briefly.
Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other
participants concerning these issues.
DOE representatives may also ask
questions of participants concerning
other matters relevant to this
rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar/public meeting will accept
additional comments or questions from
those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification
of the above procedures that may be
needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public
meeting will be included in the docket,
which can be viewed as described in the
Docket section at the beginning of this
document. In addition, any person may
buy a copy of the transcript from the
transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule. Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this
document.
Submitting comments via
www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will
require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact
information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your
contact information will not be publicly
viewable except for your first and last
names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any).
If your comment is not processed
properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Persons viewing comments will see only
first and last names, organization
names, correspondence containing
comments, and any documents
submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information
(‘‘CBI’’)). Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed
as CBI. Comments received through the
website will waive any CBI claims for
the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section.
DOE processes submissions made
through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be
posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of
comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not
be viewable for up to several weeks.
Please keep the comment tracking
number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully
uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email.
Comments and documents submitted
via email also will be posted to
www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as
long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. No faxes
will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, or text (ASCII) file format.
Provide documents that are not secured,
written in English and free of any
defects or viruses. Documents should
not contain special characters or any
form of encryption and, if possible, they
should carry the electronic signature of
the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person
submitting information that he or she
believes to be confidential and exempt
by law from public disclosure should
submit via email, two well-marked
copies: One copy of the document
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14641
marked confidential including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
non-confidential with the information
believed to be confidential deleted. DOE
will make its own determination about
the confidential status of the
information and treat it according to its
determination.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views from interested
parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE seeks comment on whether
any other industry test methods exist for
determining the heating efficiency of
air-to-water or water-to-water heat
pumps. DOE seeks comment specifically
on AHRI 550/590, and whether it would
be appropriate for adoption as a Federal
test procedure for such products, and if
so, whether modifications could be
made to result in an AFUE rating.
(2) DOE seeks comment on its
proposal to remove the definition of
‘‘outdoor furnace or boiler’’ from its
regulations. DOE seeks comment on
whether removing the definition for
‘‘outdoor furnace or boiler’’ would
impact the application of the test
procedure or energy conservation
standards for any such products.
(3) DOE seeks comment on its
proposal to incorporate by reference the
definitions in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
and to remove the definitions for
‘‘control’’ and ‘‘isolated combustions
system’’ from the consumer boiler test
procedure at appendix N accordingly.
(4) DOE seeks comment on its
proposal to clarify the calculation of
steady-state efficiencies at maximum
and minimum input rates for
condensing, modulating boilers using
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
(5) DOE seeks further comment on its
proposal to update the incorporation by
reference of ASHRAE 103 to the most
recent version (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017) and in particular the potential
impact on ratings and whether retesting
would be required.
(6) DOE seeks additional comment on
whether the return water temperature in
the current test method and ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 are representative
and appropriate, and whether any
specific changes to the required
conditions could improve
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14642
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
representativeness. DOE is also
interested in receiving comment on the
test burden that would result from
changing the return water
temperature(s) specified in the test
procedure.
(7) DOE seeks further comment on
whether a simplified approach for
measuring standby mode and off mode
electrical energy consumption is
appropriate and would provide
accurate, representative results that are
comparable to those obtained with IEC
62301.
(8) DOE requests further comment on
whether AEDM provisions similar to
those in place for commercial
equipment would be necessary and
appropriate for consumer boilers.
(9) DOE seeks comment on data or
other information that demonstrates that
using a linear interpolation method for
heat exchanger materials other than cast
iron would produce representative test
results.
(10) DOE seeks further comment on
whether supplemental test instructions
are necessary for testing consumer
boilers.
(11) DOE requests comment on DOE’s
tentative determination as to the impact
and associated costs of the proposed
incorporation by reference of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
(12) DOE requests comment on DOE’s
tentative determination the proposed
incorporation by reference of ASHRAE
41.6–2014 will not increase test burden.
(13) DOE requests comments on the
benefits and burdens of the proposed
updates and additions to industry
standards referenced in the test
procedure for consumer boilers.
(14) DOE welcomes comment on the
Regulatory Flexibility certification
conclusion.
VI. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this notice of proposed
rulemaking and request for comment.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on February 17,
2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman,
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, pursuant to delegated authority
from the Secretary of Energy. That
document with the original signature
and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in
compliance with requirements of the
Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register
Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in
electronic format for publication, as an
official document of the Department of
Energy. This administrative process in
no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on February 22,
2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 430 of chapter II of title
10, Code of Federal Regulations as set
forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION
COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Section 429.134 is amended by
revising paragraphs (h) introductory
text, (h)(1)(i)(A), and (h)(2)(i)(A) to read
as follows:
■
§ 429.134 Product-specific enforcement
provisions.
*
*
*
*
*
(h) Residential boilers—test protocols
for functional verification of automatic
means for adjusting water temperature.
These tests are intended to verify the
functionality of the design requirement
that a boiler has an automatic means for
adjusting water temperature for singlestage, two-stage, and modulating boilers.
These test methods are intended to
permit the functional testing of a range
of control strategies used to fulfill this
design requirement. Section 2,
Definitions, and paragraph 6.1.a of
appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter apply for the purposes of
this paragraph (h).
(1) * * *
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
(i) * * *
(A) Boiler installation. Boiler
installation in the test room shall be in
accordance with the setup and
apparatus requirements of section 6.0 of
appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter.
*
*
*
*
*
(2) * * *
(i) * * *
(A) Boiler installation. Boiler
installation in the test room shall be in
accordance with the setup and
apparatus requirements by section 6.0 of
appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 of
this chapter.
*
*
*
*
*
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
3. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
§ 430.2
[Amended]
4. Section 430.2 is amended by
removing the definition of ‘‘outdoor
furnace or boiler’’.
■ 5. Section 430.3 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraph (a);
■ b. Revising paragraphs (g)
introductory text and (g)(11);
■ c. Redesignating paragraphs (g)(17)
and (18) as paragraphs (g)(18) and (19),
respectively, and adding new paragraph
(g)(17); and
■ d. Revising paragraph (j) introductory
text;
■ e. Adding paragraph (j)(3); and
■ f. Revising paragraph (o)(6).
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
§ 430.3 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by
reference into this [chapter/subchapter/
part/subpart] with the approval of the
Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1
CFR part 51. To enforce any edition
other than that specified in this section,
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
must publish a document in the Federal
Register and the material must be
available to the public. All approved
material is available for inspection at
DOE and at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA).
Contact DOE at: U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950
L’Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC
20024, (202) 586–2945, https://
www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
appliance-and-equipment-standardsprogram. For information on the
availability of this material at NARA,
email: fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to:
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/
ibr-locations.html. The material may be
obtained from the sources in the
following paragraphs of this section.
*
*
*
*
*
(g) ASHRAE. American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc.,
Publication Sales, 180 Technology
Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA
30092, 800–527–4723 or 404–636–8400,
or go to www.ashrae.org.
*
*
*
*
*
(11) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6–
2014, (‘‘ASHRAE 41.6–2014’’), Standard
Method for Humidity Measurement,
ANSI approved July 3, 2014, IBR
approved for appendices F and EE to
subpart B of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(17) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103–
2017, (‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017’’),
Method of Testing for Annual Fuel
Utilization Efficiency of Residential
Central Furnaces and Boilers, ANSI
approved July 3, 2017, IBR approved for
§ 430.23 and appendix EE to subpart B
of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(j) ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, Post Office Box C700,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959,
telephone (877) 909–2786, website:
www.astm.org;
*
*
*
*
*
(3) ASTM D2156–09 (Reapproved
2018) (‘‘ASTM D2156–09 (R2018)’’),
Standard Test Method for Smoke
Density in Flue Gases from Burning
Distillate Fuels, approved October 1,
2018, IBR approved for appendix EE to
subpart B of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(o) * * *
(6) IEC 62301 (‘‘IEC 62301’’),
Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,
(Edition 2.0, 2011–01), IBR approved for
appendices C1, D1, D2, F, G, H, I, J2, N,
O, P, Q, X, X1, Y, Z, BB, CC, and EE to
subpart B of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 6. Section 430.23 is amended by
revising paragraph (n) to read as
follows:
§ 430.23 Test Procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption.
*
*
*
*
*
(n) Furnaces. (1) The estimated
annual operating cost for furnaces is the
sum of:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
(i) Product of the average annual fuel
energy consumption, in Btu’s per year
for gas or oil furnaces or in kilowatthours per year for electric furnaces,
determined according to section 10.2.2
or 10.3 of appendix N (furnaces,
excluding low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) or
appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) of this
subpart, as applicable, and the
representative average unit cost in
dollars per Btu for gas or oil, or dollars
per kilowatt-hour for electric, as
appropriate, as provided pursuant to
section 323(b)(2) of the Act; plus
(ii) The product of the average annual
auxiliary electric energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per year determined
according to section 10.2.3 of appendix
N (furnaces, excluding low pressure
steam or hot water boilers and electric
boilers) or appendix EE (low pressure
steam or hot water boilers and electric
boilers) of this subpart, as applicable,
and the representative average unit cost
in dollars per kilowatt-hour as provided
pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act.
(iii) Round the resulting sum to the
nearest dollar per year.
(2) The annual fuel utilization
efficiency (AFUE) for furnaces,
expressed in percent, is the ratio of the
annual fuel output of useful energy
delivered to the heated space to the
annual fuel energy input to the furnace.
(i) For gas and oil furnaces, determine
AFUE according to section 10.1 of
appendix N (furnaces, excluding low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and
electric boilers) or appendix EE (low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and
electric boilers) of this subpart, as
applicable.
(ii) For electric furnaces, excluding
electric boilers, determine AFUE in
accordance with Section 11.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE) 103–1993 (incorporated by
reference, see § 430.3); for electric
boilers, determine AFUE in accordance
with ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
(iii) Round the annual fuel utilization
efficiency to one-tenth of a percentage
point.
(3) The estimated regional annual
operating cost for furnaces must be
rounded off to the nearest dollar per
year and is defined as follows:
(i) When using appendix N for
furnaces excluding low pressure steam
or hot water boilers and electric boilers
(see the note at the beginning of
appendix N),
(A) For gas or oil-fueled furnaces,
(EFR × CBTU) = (EAER × CKWH)
Where:
EFR = the regional annual fuel energy
consumption in Btu per year, determined
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14643
according to section 10.7.1 of appendix
N;
CBTU = the representative average unit cost in
dollars per Btu of gas or oil, as provided
pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act;
EAER = the regional annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per year, determined
according to section 10.7.2 of appendix
N; and
CKWH = the representative average unit cost
in dollars per kilowatt-hour of
electricity, as provided pursuant to
section 323(b)(2) of the Act.
(B) For electric furnaces,
(EER × CKWH)
Where:
EER = the regional annual fuel energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per year,
determined according to section 10.7.3 of
appendix N; and
CKWH is as defined in paragraph (n)(3)(i)(A)
of this section.
(ii) When using appendix EE for low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and
electric boilers (see the note at the
beginning of appendix EE),
(A) For gas or oil-fueled boilers,
(EFR × CBTU) + (EAER × CKWH)
Where:
EFR = the regional annual fuel energy
consumption in Btu per year, determined
according to section 10.5.1 of appendix
EE;
CBTU and CKWH are as defined in paragraph
(n)(3)(i)(A) of this section; and
EAER = the regional annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per year, determined
according to section 10.5.2 of appendix
EE.
(B) For electric boilers,
(EER × CKWH)
Where:
EER = the regional annual fuel energy
consumption in kilowatt hours per year,
determined according to section 10.5.3 of
appendix EE; and
CKWH is as defined in paragraph (n)(3)(i)(A)
of this section.
(4) The energy factor for furnaces,
expressed in percent, is the ratio of
annual fuel output of useful energy
delivered to the heated space to the total
annual energy input to the furnace
determined according to either section
10.6 of appendix N (furnaces, excluding
low pressure steam or hot water boilers
and electric boilers) or section 10.4 of
appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) of this
subpart, as applicable.
(5) The average standby mode and off
mode electrical power consumption for
furnaces shall be determined according
to section 8.10 of appendix N (furnaces,
excluding low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) or
section 8.9 of appendix EE (low
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14644
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
pressure steam or hot water boilers and
electric boilers) of this subpart, as
applicable. Round the average standby
mode and off mode electrical power
consumption to the nearest tenth of a
watt.
(6) Other useful measures of energy
consumption for furnaces shall be those
measures of energy consumption which
the Secretary determines are likely to
assist consumers in making purchasing
decisions and which are derived from
the application of appendix N (furnaces,
excluding low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) or
appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) of this
subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 7. Appendix N to subpart B of part
430 is revised to read as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Appendix N to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Consumer
Furnaces Other Than Boilers
0. Incorporation by reference.
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3,
the entire standards for ASHRAE Standard
103–1993, ASTM D2156–09 (R2018), and IEC
62301. In cases where there is a conflict, the
language of the test procedure in this
appendix takes precedence over the
incorporated standards. However, only the
following enumerated provisions of ASHRAE
103–1993 apply to this appendix:
(1) ASHRAE 103–1993
(i) section 2 ‘‘Scope’’ as referenced in
section 1.0 of this appendix;
(ii) section 3 ‘‘Definitions’’ as referenced in
section 2.0 of this appendix;
(iii) section 4 ‘‘Classifications’’ as
referenced in section 3.0 of this appendix;
(iv) section 5 ‘‘Requirements’’ as referenced
in section 4.0 of this appendix;
(v) section 6 ‘‘Instruments’’ as referenced
in section 5.0 of this appendix;
(vi) section 7 ‘‘Apparatus’’ (except for
sections 7.1, 7.2.2.2, 7.2.2.5, 7.2.3.1, and 7.8)
as referenced in section 6.0 of this appendix;
(vii) section 8 ‘‘Methods of Testing’’
(except for sections 8.2.1.3, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.2,
8.4.1.2, 8.4.2.1.4, 8.4.2.1.6, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and
8.8.3) as referenced in section 7.0 of this
appendix;
(viii) section 9 ‘‘Test Procedure’’ (except
for sections 9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.1.1,
9.5.1.2.1, 9.5.1.2.2,, 9.7.4, and 9.10) as
referenced in section 8.0 of this appendix;
(ix) section 10 ‘‘Nomenclature’’ as
referenced in section 9.0 of this appendix;
and
(x) section 11 ‘‘Calculations’’ (except for
sections 11.5.11.1, 11.5.11.2) as referenced in
section 10.0 of this appendix.
1.0 Scope. The scope of this appendix is
as specified in Section 2 of ASHRAE 103–
1993 as it pertains to furnaces other than low
pressure steam or hot water boilers or to
electric boilers. Low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers are
addressed in appendix EE of this subpart.
2.0 Definitions. Definitions include those
specified in Section 3 of ASHRAE 103–1993
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
and the following additional and modified
definitions.
Active mode means the condition in which
the furnace is connected to the power source,
and at least one of the burner, electric
resistance elements, or any electrical
auxiliaries such as blowers, are activated.
Control means a device used to regulate the
operation of a piece of equipment and the
supply of fuel, electricity, air, or water.
Draft inducer means a fan incorporated in
the furnace that either draws or forces air
into the combustion chamber.
Gas valve means an automatic or semiautomatic device consisting essentially of a
valve and operator that controls the gas
supply to the burner(s) during normal
operation of an appliance. The operator may
be actuated by application of gas pressure on
a flexible diaphragm, by electrical means, by
mechanical means or by other means.
Installation and operation (I&O) manual
means instructions for installing,
commissioning, and operating the furnace,
which are supplied with the product when
shipped by the manufacturer.
Isolated combustion system means a
system where a unit is installed within the
structure, but isolated from the heated space.
A portion of the jacket heat from the unit is
lost, and air for ventilation, combustion and
draft control comes from outside the heated
space.
Multi-position furnace means a furnace
that can be installed in more than one airflow
configuration (i.e., upflow or horizontal;
downflow or horizontal; upflow or
downflow; and upflow, or downflow, or
horizontal).
Off mode means a mode in which the
furnace is connected to a mains power source
and is not providing any active mode or
standby mode function, and where the mode
may persist for an indefinite time. The
existence of an off switch in off position (a
disconnected circuit) is included within the
classification of off mode.
Off switch means the switch on the furnace
that, when activated, results in a measurable
change in energy consumption between the
standby and off modes.
Oil control valve means an automatically or
manually operated device consisting of an oil
valve for controlling the fuel supply to a
burner to regulate burner input.
Standby mode means any mode in which
the furnace is connected to a mains power
source and offers one or more of the
following space heating functions that may
persist:
a. Activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of active mode) by
remote switch (including thermostat or
remote control), internal or external sensors,
and/or timer; and
b. Continuous functions, including
information or status displays or sensorbased functions.
Thermal stack damper means a type of
stack damper that relies exclusively upon the
changes in temperature in the stack gases to
open or close the damper.
3.0 Classifications. Classifications are as
specified in Section 4 of ASHRAE 103–1993
for furnaces.
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
4.0 Requirements. Requirements are as
specified in Section 5 of ASHRAE 103–1993
for furnaces.
5.0 Instruments. Instruments must be as
specified in Section 6 of ASHRAE 103–1993.
6.0 Apparatus. The apparatus used in
conjunction with the furnace during the
testing must be as specified in Section 7 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 except for Sections 7.1,
7.2.2.2, 7.2.2.5, 7.2.3.1, and 7.8; and as
specified in sections 6.1 through 6.5 of this
appendix.
6.1 General.
a. Install the furnace in the test room in
accordance with the I&O manual, as defined
in section 2.6 of this appendix, except that
if provisions within this appendix are
specified, then the provisions herein drafted
and prescribed by DOE govern. If the I&O
manual and any additional provisions of this
appendix are not sufficient for testing a
furnace, the manufacturer must request a
waiver from the test procedure pursuant to
10 CFR 430.27.
b. If the I&O manual indicates the unit
should not be installed with a return duct,
then the return (inlet) duct specified in
Section 7.2.1 of ASHRAE 103–1993 is not
required.
c. Test multi-position furnaces in the least
efficient configuration. Testing of multiposition furnaces in other configurations is
permitted if energy use or efficiency is
represented pursuant to the requirements in
10 CFR part 429.
d. The apparatuses described in section 6
of this appendix are used in conjunction with
the furnace during testing. Each piece of
apparatus shall conform to material and
construction specifications listed in this
appendix and in ASHRAE 103–1993, and the
reference standards cited in this appendix
and in ASHRAE 103–1993.
e. Test rooms containing equipment must
have suitable facilities for providing the
utilities (including but not limited to
environmental controls, applicable
measurement equipment, and any other
technology or tools) necessary for
performance of the test and must be able to
maintain conditions within the limits
specified in section 6 of this appendix.
6.2 Forced-air central furnaces (direct
vent and direct exhaust).
a. Units not equipped with a draft hood or
draft diverter must be provided with the
minimum-length vent configuration
recommended in the I&O manual or a 5-ft
flue pipe if there is no recommendation
provided in the I&O manual (see Figure 4 of
ASHRAE 103–1993). For a direct exhaust
system, insulate the minimum-length vent
configuration or the 5-ft flue pipe with
insulation having an R-value not less than 7
and an outer layer of aluminum foil. For a
direct vent system, see Section 7.5 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 for insulation
requirements.
b. For units with power burners, cover the
flue collection box with insulation having an
R-value of not less than 7 and an outer layer
of aluminum foil before the cool-down and
heat-up tests described in Sections 9.5 and
9.6 of ASHRAE 103–1993, respectively.
However, do not apply the insulation for the
jacket loss test (if conducted) described in
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Section 8.6 of ASHRAE 103–1993 or the
steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993.
c. For power-vented units, insulate the
shroud surrounding the blower impeller with
insulation having an R-value of not less than
7 and an outer layer of aluminum foil before
the cool-down and heat-up tests described in
Sections 9.5 and 9.6, respectively, of
ASHRAE 103–1993. Do not apply the
insulation for the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in Section 8.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 or the steady-state test
described in Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103–
1993. Do not insulate the blower motor or
block the airflow openings that facilitate the
cooling of the combustion blower motor or
bearings.
6.3 Downflow furnaces. Install an internal
section of vent pipe the same size as the flue
collar for connecting the flue collar to the top
of the unit, if not supplied by the
manufacturer. Do not insulate the internal
vent pipe during the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in Section 8.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 or the steady-state test
described in Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103–
1993. Do not insulate the internal vent pipe
before the cool-down and heat-up tests
described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6,
respectively, of ASHRAE 103–1993. If the
vent pipe is surrounded by a metal jacket, do
not insulate the metal jacket. Install a 5-ft test
stack of the same cross-sectional area or
perimeter as the vent pipe above the top of
the furnace. Tape or seal around the junction
connecting the vent pipe and the 5-ft test
stack. Insulate the 5-ft test stack with
insulation having an R-value not less than 7
and an outer layer of aluminum foil. (See
Figure 3–E of ASHRAE 103–1993.)
6.4 Units with draft hoods or draft
diverters. Install the stack damper in
accordance with the I&O manual. Install 5
feet of stack above the damper.
a. For units with an integral draft diverter,
cover the 5-ft stack with insulation having an
R-value of not less than 7 and an outer layer
of aluminum foil.
b. For units with draft hoods, insulate the
flue pipe between the outlet of the furnace
and the draft hood with insulation having an
R-value of not less than 7 and an outer layer
of aluminum foil.
c. For units with integral draft diverters
that are mounted in an exposed position (not
inside the overall unit cabinet), cover the
diverter boxes (excluding any openings
through which draft relief air flows) before
the beginning of any test (including jacket
loss test) with insulation having an R-value
of not less than 7 and an outer layer of
aluminum foil.
d. For units equipped with integral draft
diverters that are enclosed within the overall
unit cabinet, insulate the draft diverter box
with insulation as described in Section 6.4.c
before the cool-down and heat-up tests
described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6,
respectively, of ASHRAE 103–1993. Do not
apply the insulation for the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in Section 8.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 or the steady-state test
described in Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103–
1993.
6.5 Condensate collection. Attach
condensate drain lines to the unit as
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
specified in the I&O manual. Maintain a
continuous downward slope of drain lines
from the unit. Additional precautions (such
as eliminating any line configuration or
position that would otherwise restrict or
block the flow of condensate or checking to
ensure a proper connection with condensate
drain spout that allows for unobstructed
flow) must be taken to facilitate
uninterrupted flow of condensate during the
test. Collection containers must be glass or
polished stainless steel to facilitate removal
of interior deposits. The collection container
must have a vent opening to the atmosphere.
7.0 Testing conditions. The testing
conditions must be as specified in Section 8
of ASHRAE 103–1993, except for Sections
8.2.1.3, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.2, 8.4.1.2, 8.4.2.1.4,
8.4.2.1.6, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and 8.8.3; and as
specified in sections 7.1 to 7.9 of this
appendix, respectively.
7.1 Fuel supply, gas. In conducting the
tests specified herein, gases with
characteristics as shown in Table 1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 shall be used. Maintain
the gas supply, ahead of all controls for a
furnace, at a test pressure between the
normal and increased values shown in Table
1 of ASHRAE 103–1993. Maintain the
regulator outlet pressure at a level
approximating that recommended in the I&O
manual, as defined in section 2.6 of this
appendix, or, in the absence of such
recommendation, to the nominal regulator
settings used when the product is shipped by
the manufacturer. Use a gas having a specific
gravity as shown in Table 1 of ASHRAE 103–
1993 and with a higher heating value within
±5% of the higher heating value shown in
Table 1 of ASHRAE 103–1993. Determine the
actual higher heating value in Btu per
standard cubic foot for the gas to be used in
the test within an error no greater than 1%.
7.2 Gas burner. Adjust the burners of gasfired furnaces to their maximum Btu input
ratings at the normal test pressure specified
by section 7.1 of this appendix. Correct the
burner input rate to reflect gas characteristics
at a temperature of 60 °F and atmospheric
pressure of 30 in of Hg and adjust down to
within ±2 percent of the hourly Btu
nameplate input rating specified by the
manufacturer as measured during the steadystate performance test in section 8 of this
appendix. Set the primary air shutters in
accordance with the I&O manual to give a
good flame at this condition. If, however, the
setting results in the deposit of carbon on the
burners during any test specified herein, the
tester shall adjust the shutters and burners
until no more carbon is deposited and shall
perform the tests again with the new settings
(see Figure 9 of ASHRAE 103–1993). After
the steady-state performance test has been
started, do not make additional adjustments
to the burners during the required series of
performance tests specified in section 9 of
ASHRAE 103–1993. If a vent-limiting means
is provided on a gas pressure regulator, keep
it in place during all tests.
7.3 Modulating gas burner adjustment at
reduced input rate. For gas-fired furnaces
equipped with modulating-type controls,
adjust the controls to operate the unit at the
nameplate minimum input rate. If the
modulating control is of a non-automatic
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14645
type, adjust the control to the setting
recommended in the I&O manual. In the
absence of such recommendation, the
midpoint setting of the non-automatic control
shall be used as the setting for determining
the reduced fuel input rate. Start the furnace
by turning the safety control valve to the
‘‘ON’’ position.
7.4 Oil burner. Adjust the burners of oilfired furnaces to give a CO2 reading specified
in the I&O manual and an hourly Btu input
during the steady-state performance test
described in section 8 of this appendix.
Ensure the hourly BTU input is within ±2%
of the normal hourly Btu input rating as
specified in the I&O manual. Smoke in the
flue may not exceed a No. 1 smoke during
the steady-state performance test as measured
by the procedure in ASTM D2156R13).
Maintain the average draft over the fire and
in the flue during the steady-state
performance test at the value specified in the
I&O manual. Do not allow draft fluctuations
exceeding 0.005 in. water. Do not make
additional adjustments to the burner during
the required series of performance tests. The
instruments and measuring apparatus for this
test are described in section 6 of this
appendix and shown in Figure 8 of ASHRAE
103–1993.
7.5 Adjust air throughputs to achieve a
temperature rise that is the higher of a and
b, below, unless c applies. A tolerance of
±2 °F is permitted.
a. 15 °F less than the nameplate maximum
temperature rise or
b. 15 °F higher than the minimum
temperature rise specified in the I&O manual.
c. A furnace with a non-adjustable air
temperature rise range and an automatically
controlled airflow that does not permit a
temperature rise range of 30 °F or more must
be tested at the midpoint of the rise range.
7.6 Establish the temperature rise
specified in section 7.5 of this appendix by
adjusting the circulating airflow. This
adjustment must be accomplished by
symmetrically restricting the outlet air duct
and varying blower speed selection to obtain
the desired temperature rise and minimum
external static pressure, as specified in Table
4 of ASHRAE 103–1993. If the required
temperature rise cannot be obtained at the
minimum specified external static pressure
by adjusting blower speed selection and duct
outlet restriction, then the following applies.
a. If the resultant temperature rise is less
than the required temperature rise, vary the
blower speed by gradually adjusting the
blower voltage so as to maintain the
minimum external static pressure listed in
Table 4 of ASHRAE 103–1993. The airflow
restrictions shall then remain unchanged. If
static pressure must be varied to prevent
unstable blower operation, then increase the
static pressure until blower operation is
stabilized, except that the static pressure
must not exceed the maximum external static
pressure as specified by the manufacturer in
the I&O manual.
b. If the resultant temperature rise is
greater than the required temperature rise,
then the unit can be tested at a higher
temperature rise value, but one not greater
than nameplate maximum temperature rise.
In order not to exceed the maximum
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14646
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
temperature rise, the speed of a direct-driven
blower may be increased by increasing the
circulating air blower motor voltage.
7.7 Measurement of jacket surface
temperature. Divide the jacket of the furnace
into 6-inch squares when practical, and
otherwise into 36-square-inch regions
comprising 4-inch by 9-inch or 3-inch by 12inch sections, and determine the surface
temperature at the center of each square or
section with a surface thermocouple. Record
the surface temperature of the 36-square-inch
areas in groups where the temperature
differential of the 36-square-inch areas is less
than 10 °F for temperature up to 100 °F above
room temperature, and less than 20 °F for
temperatures more than 100 °F above room
temperature. For forced-air central furnaces,
the circulating air blower compartment is
considered as part of the duct system, and no
surface temperature measurement of the
blower compartment needs to be recorded for
the purpose of this test. For downflow
furnaces, measure all cabinet surface
temperatures of the heat exchanger and
combustion section, including the bottom
around the outlet duct and the burner door,
using the 36-square-inch thermocouple grid.
The cabinet surface temperatures around the
blower section do not need to be measured
(See Figure 3–E of ASHRAE 103–1993).
7.8 Installation of vent system. Keep the
vent or air intake system supplied by the
manufacturer in place during all tests. Test
units intended for installation with a variety
of vent pipe lengths with the minimum vent
length as specified in the I&O manual, or a
5-ft. flue pipe if there are no
recommendations in the I&O manual. Do not
connect a furnace employing a direct vent
system to a chimney or induced-draft source.
Vent combustion products solely by using
the venting incorporated in the furnace and
the vent or air intake system supplied by the
manufacturer. For units that are not designed
to significantly preheat the incoming air, see
section 7.4 of this appendix and Figure 4a or
4b of ASHRAE 103–1993. For units that do
significantly preheat the incoming air, see
Figure 4c or 4d of ASHRAE 103–1993.
7.9 Additional optional method of testing
for determining DP and DF for furnaces. On
units whose design is such that there is no
measurable airflow through the combustion
chamber and heat exchanger when the
burner(s) is (are) off as determined by the
optional test procedure in section 7.9.1 of
this appendix, DF and DP may be set equal
to 0.05.
7.9.1 Optional test method for indicating
the absence of flow through the heat
exchanger. Manufacturers may use the
following test protocol to determine whether
air flows through the combustion chamber
and heat exchanger when the burner(s) is
(are) off. The minimum default draft factor
(as allowed per Sections 8.8.3 and 9.10 of
ASHRAE 103–1993) may be used only for
units determined pursuant to this protocol to
have no airflow through the combustion
chamber and heat exchanger.
7.9.1.1 Test apparatus. Use a smoke stick
that produces smoke that is easily visible and
has a density less than or approximately
equal to air. Use a smoke stick that produces
smoke that is non-toxic to the test personnel
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
and produces gas that is unreactive with the
environment in the test chamber.
7.9.1.2 Test conditions. Minimize all air
currents and drafts in the test chamber,
including turning off ventilation if the test
chamber is mechanically ventilated. Wait at
least two minutes following the termination
of the furnace on-cycle before beginning the
optional test method for indicating the
absence of flow through the heat exchanger.
7.9.1.3 Location of the test apparatus.
After all air currents and drafts in the test
chamber have been eliminated or minimized,
position the smoke stick based on the
following equipment configuration:
(a) For horizontal combustion air intakes,
approximately 4 inches from the vertical
plane at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches below the bottom edge of the
combustion air intake; or
(b) for vertical combustion air intakes,
approximately 4 inches horizontal from vent
perimeter at the termination of the intake
vent and 4 inches down (parallel to the
vertical axis of the vent).
7.9.1.4 Duration of test. Establish the
presence of smoke from the smoke stick and
then monitor the direction of the smoke flow
for no less than 30 seconds.
7.9.1.5 Test results. During visual
assessment, determine whether there is any
draw of smoke into the combustion air intake
vent.
(a) If absolutely no smoke is drawn into the
combustion air intake, the furnace meets the
requirements to allow use of the minimum
default draft factor pursuant to Section 8.8.3
and/or Section 9.10 of ASHRAE 103–1993.
(b) If there is any smoke drawn into the
intake, proceed with the methods of testing
as prescribed in Section 8.8 of ASHRAE 103–
1993.
8.0 Test procedure. Conduct testing and
measurements as specified in Section 9 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 except for Sections
9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.1.1, 9.5.1.2.1,
9.5.1.2.2, 9.7.4, and 9.10; and as specified in
sections 8.1 through 8.10 of this appendix.
Section 8.4 of this appendix may be used in
lieu of Section 9.2 of ASHRAE 103–1993.
8.1 Fuel input. For gas units, measure and
record the steady-state gas input rate in Btu/
hr, including pilot gas, corrected to standard
conditions of 60 °F and 30 in. Hg. Use
measured values of gas temperature and
pressure at the meter and barometric pressure
to correct the metered gas flow rate to the
above standard conditions. For oil units,
measure and record the steady-state fuel
input rate.
8.2 Electrical input. During the steadystate test, perform a single measurement of
all of the electrical power involved in burner
operation (PE), including energizing the
ignition system, controls, gas valve or oil
control valve, and draft inducer, if
applicable.
During the steady-state test, perform a
single measurement of the electrical power to
the circulating air blower (BE).
8.3 Input to interrupted ignition device.
For burners equipped with an interrupted
ignition device, record the nameplate electric
power used by the ignition device, PEIG, or
record that PEIG = 0.4 kW if no nameplate
power input is provided. Record the
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
nameplate ignition device on-time interval,
tIG, or, if the nameplate does not provide the
ignition device on-time interval, measure the
on-time interval with a stopwatch at the
beginning of the test, starting when the
burner is turned on. Set tIG = 0 and PEIG =
0 if the device on-time interval is less than
or equal to 5 seconds after the burner is on.
8.4 Optional test procedures for
condensing furnaces, measurement of
condensate during the establishment of
steady-state conditions. For units with stepmodulating or two-stage controls, conduct
the test at both the maximum and reduced
inputs. In lieu of collecting the condensate
immediately after the steady state conditions
have been reached as required by Section 9.2
of ASHRAE 103–1993, condensate may be
collected during the establishment of steady
state conditions as defined by Section 9.1.2.1
of ASHRAE 103–1993. Perform condensate
collection for at least 30 minutes. Measure
condensate mass immediately at the end of
the collection period to prevent evaporation
loss from the sample. Record fuel input for
the 30-minute condensate collection test
period. Observe and record fuel higher
heating value (HHV), temperature, and
pressures necessary for determining fuel
energy input (Qc,ss). Measure the fuel
quantity and HHV with errors no greater than
1%. The humidity for the room air shall at
no time exceed 80%. Determine the mass of
condensate for the establishment of steady
state conditions (Mc,ss) in pounds by
subtracting the tare container weight from the
total container and condensate weight
measured at the end of the 30-minute
condensate collection test period.
8.5 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled
gravity and forced-air central furnaces
without stack dampers. Turn off the main
burner after completing steady-state testing,
and measure the flue gas temperature by
means of the thermocouple grid described in
Section 7.6 of ASHRAE 103–1993 at 1.5
minutes (TF,OFF(t3)) and 9 minutes (TF,OFF(t4))
after shutting off the burner. When taking
these temperature readings, the integral draft
diverter must remain blocked and insulated,
and the stack restriction must remain in
place. On atmospheric systems with an
integral draft diverter or draft hood and
equipped with either an electromechanical
inlet damper or an electromechanical flue
damper that closes within 10 seconds after
the burner shuts off to restrict the flow
through the heat exchanger in the off-cycle,
bypass or adjust the control for the
electromechanical damper so that the damper
remains open during the cool-down test.
For furnaces that employ post-purge,
measure the length of the post-purge period
with a stopwatch. Record the time from
burner ‘‘OFF’’ to combustion blower ‘‘OFF’’
(electrically de-energized) as tP. If the
measured tP is less than or equal to 30
seconds, set tP at 0 and conduct the cooldown test as if there is no post-purge. If tP
is prescribed by the I&O manual or measured
to be greater than 180 seconds, stop the
combustion blower at 180 seconds and use
that value for tP. Measure the flue gas
temperature by means of the thermocouple
grid described in Section 7.6 of ASHRAE
103–1993 at the end of the post-purge period,
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
in accordance with the procedures in IEC
62301, except that Section 8.5, Room
Ambient Temperature, of ASHRAE 103–1993
and the voltage provision of Section 8.2.1.4,
Electrical Supply, of ASHRAE 103–1993
shall apply in lieu of the corresponding
provisions of IEC 62301 at Section 4.2, Test
room, and the voltage specification of Section
4.3, Power supply. Frequency shall be 60Hz.
Clarifying further, IEC 62301 Section 4.4,
Power measurement instruments, and
Section 5, Measurements, apply in lieu of
ASHRAE 103–1993 Section 6.10, Energy
Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that all
possible standby mode wattage for the entire
appliance is recorded, not just the standby
mode wattage of a single auxiliary. Round the
recorded standby power (PW,SB) to the second
decimal place, except for loads greater than
or equal to 10W, which must be recorded to
at least three significant figures.
8.10.2 Off mode power measurement. If
the unit is equipped with an off switch or
there is an expected difference between off
mode power and standby mode power,
measure off mode power (PW,OFF) in
accordance with the standby power
procedures in IEC 62301, except that Section
8.5, Room Ambient Temperature, of
ASHRAE 103–1993 and the voltage provision
of Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical Supply, of
ASHRAE 103–1993 shall apply in lieu of the
corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at
Section 4.2, Test room, and the voltage
specification of Section 4.3, Power supply.
Frequency shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further,
IEC 62301 Section 4.4, Power measurement
instruments, and Section 5, Measurements,
apply for this measurement in lieu of
ASHRAE 103–1993 Section 6.10, Energy
Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that all
possible off mode wattage for the entire
appliance is recorded, not just the off mode
wattage of a single auxiliary. If there is no
expected difference in off mode power and
standby mode power, let PW,OFF = PW,SB, in
which case no separate measurement of off
mode power is necessary. Round the
recorded off mode power (PW,OFF) to the
second decimal place, except for loads
greater than or equal to 10W, in which case
round the recorded value to at least three
significant figures.
9.0 Nomenclature. Nomenclature
includes the nomenclature specified in
Section 10 of ASHRAE 103–1993 and the
following additional variables:
Effmotor = Efficiency of power burner motor
PEIG = Electrical power to the interrupted
ignition device, kW
RT,a = RT,F if flue gas is measured
= RT,S if stack gas is measured
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4725
RT,F = Ratio of combustion air mass flow rate
to stoichiometric air mass flow rate
RT,S = Ratio of the sum of combustion air and
relief air mass flow rate to stoichiometric
air mass flow rate
tIG = Electrical interrupted ignition device
on-time, min.
Ta,SS,X = TF,SS,X if flue gas temperature is
measured, °F
= TS,SS,X if stack gas temperature is
measured, °F
yIG = Ratio of electrical interrupted ignition
device on-time to average burner on-time
yP = Ratio of power burner combustion
blower on-time to average burner ontime
ESO = Average annual electric standby mode
and off mode energy consumption, in
kilowatt-hours
PW,OFF = Furnace off mode power, in watts
PW,SB = Furnace standby mode power, in
watts
10.0 Calculation of derived results from
test measurements. Perform calculations as
specified in Section 11 of ASHRAE 103–
1993, except for Sections 11.5.11.1, 11.5.11.2,
and appendices B and C; and as specified in
Sections 10.1 through 10.11 and Figure 1 of
this appendix.
10.1 Annual fuel utilization efficiency.
The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE)
is as defined in Sections 11.2.12 (noncondensing systems), 11.3.12 (condensing
systems), 11.4.12 (non-condensing
modulating systems) and 11.5.12 (condensing
modulating systems) of ASHRAE 103–1993,
except for the definition for the term EffyHS
in the defining equation for AFUE. EffyHS is
defined as:
EffyHS = heating seasonal efficiency as
defined in Sections 11.2.11 (non-condensing
systems), 11.3.11 (condensing systems),
11.4.11 (non-condensing modulating
systems) and 11.5.11 (condensing modulating
systems) of ASHRAE 103–1993, except that
for condensing modulating systems Sections
11.5.11.1 and 11.5.11.2 are replaced by
Sections 10.2 and 10.3 of this appendix.
EffyHS is based on the assumptions that all
weatherized warm air furnaces are located
outdoors and that non-weatherized warm air
furnaces are installed as isolated combustion
systems.
10.2 Part-load efficiency at reduced fuel
input rate. If the option in Section 8.9 of this
appendix is not employed, calculate the partload efficiency at the reduced fuel input rate,
EffyU,R, for condensing furnaces equipped
with either step-modulating or two-stage
controls, expressed as a percent and defined
as:
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
EP15MR22.000</GPH>
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
tP(TF,OFF (tP)), and at the time (1.5 + tP)
minutes (TF,OFF(t3)) and (9.0 + tP) minutes
(TF,OFF(t4)) after the main burner shuts off.
8.6 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled
gravity and forced-air central furnaces
without stack dampers and with adjustable
fan control. For a furnace with adjustable fan
control, measure the time delay between
burner shutdown and blower shutdown, t+.
This time delay, t+, will be 3.0 minutes for
non-condensing furnaces or 1.5 minutes for
condensing furnaces or until the supply air
temperature drops to a value of 40 °F above
the inlet air temperature, whichever results
in the longest fan on-time. For a furnace
without adjustable fan control or with the
type of adjustable fan control whose range of
adjustment does not allow for the time delay,
t+, specified above, bypass the fan control
and manually control the fan to allow for the
appropriate delay time as specified in
Section 9.5.1.2 of ASHRAE 103–1993. For a
furnace that employs a single motor to drive
both the power burner and the indoor air
circulating blower, the power burner and
indoor air circulating blower must be
stopped at the same time.
8.7 Direct measurement of off-cycle losses
testing method. [Reserved.]
8.8 Calculation options. The rate of the
flue gas mass flow through the furnace and
the factors DP, DF, and DS are calculated by
the equations in Sections 11.6.1, 11.6.2,
11.6.3, 11.6.4, 11.7.1, and 11.7.2 of ASHRAE
103–1993. On units whose design is such
that there is no measurable airflow through
the combustion chamber and heat exchanger
when the burner(s) is (are) off (as determined
by the optional test procedure in section 7.9
of this appendix), DF and DP may be set equal
to 0.05.
8.10 Optional test procedures for
condensing furnaces that have no off-period
flue losses. For units that have applied the
test method in section 7.9 of this appendix
to determine that no measurable airflow
exists through the combustion chamber and
heat exchanger during the burner off-period
and having post-purge periods of less than 5
seconds, the cool-down and heat-up tests
specified in Sections 9.5 and 9.6 of ASHRAE
103–1993 may be omitted. In lieu of
conducting the cool-down and heat-up tests,
the tester may use the losses determined
during the steady-state test described in
Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103–1993 when
calculating heating seasonal efficiency,
EffyHS.
8.10 Measurement of electrical standby
and off mode power.
8.10.1 Standby power measurement. With
all electrical auxiliaries of the furnace not
activated, measure the standby power (PW,SB)
14647
14648
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
If the option in section 8.9 of this appendix
is employed, calculate EffyU,R as follows:
Where:
LL,A = value as defined in Section 11.2.7 of
ASHRAE 103–1993,
LG = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993, at reduced input
rate,
LC = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.2 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
LJ = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
tON = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.11
of ASHRAE 103–1993,
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in
accordance with Section 9.2 of ASHRAE
103–1993 in Btu/h,
QIN = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1
of ASHRAE 103–1993,
tOFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.12
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
LS,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.5
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
LS,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.6
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
LI,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.7
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
LI,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.8
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
CJ = jacket loss factor and equal to:
= 0.0 for furnaces intended to be installed
indoors
= 1.7 for furnaces intended to be installed
as isolated combustion systems
= 3.3 for furnaces intended to be installed
outdoors
LS,SS = value as defined in Section 11.4.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate,
CS = value as defined in Section 11.3.10.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at reduced input
rate.
10.3 Part-Load Efficiency at Maximum
Fuel Input Rate. If the option in section 8.9
of this appendix is not employed, calculate
the part-load efficiency at maximum fuel
input rate, EffyU,H, for condensing furnaces
equipped with two-stage controls, expressed
as a percent and defined as:
If the option in section 8.9 of this appendix
is employed, calculate EffyU,H as follows:
Li,A
+ La -
Le -
)
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
IN
Where:
LL,A = value as defined in Section 11.2.7 of
ASHRAE 103–1993,
LG = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
LC = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.2 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
LJ = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
tON = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.11
of ASHRAE 103–1993,
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in
accordance with Section 9.2 of ASHRAE
103–1993 in Btu/h,
QIN = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1
of ASHRAE 103–1993,
tOFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.12
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
LS,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.5
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
LS,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.6
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
LI,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.7
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
LI,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.8
of ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
CJ = value as defined in Section 10.2 of this
appendix,
LS,SS = value as defined in Section 11.4.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate,
CS = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 at maximum input
rate.
10.4 National average burner operating
hours, average annual fuel energy
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
. ] (Cs)
ton1
consumption, and average annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption for gas or oil
furnaces.
10.4.1 National average number of burner
operating hours. For furnaces equipped with
single-stage controls, the national average
number of burner operating hours is defined
as:
BOHSS = 2,080 (0.77) (A) DHR¥2,080 (B)
Where:
2,080 = national average heating load hours
0.77 = adjustment factor to adjust the
calculated design heating requirement
and heating load hours to the actual
heating load experienced by the heating
system
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG PEIG + y
BE) + (QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for forced draft
unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE Effmotor + yIG
PEIG + y BE) + (QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
EP15MR22.002</GPH> EP15MR22.003</GPH>
= 100 -
EP15MR22.001</GPH>
Ef fYu,R
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
forced draft unit, isolated combustion
system,
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1 ¥ Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) + (QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for
induced draft unit, indoors, and
= 100,000/[341,200 (yIG PEIG + y BE) +
(QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for induced draft unit,
isolated combustion system.
DHR = typical design heating requirements as
listed in Table 8 (in kBtu/h) of ASHRAE
103–1993, using the proper value of
QOUT defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993.
B = 2 QP (EffyHS) (A)/100,000
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
100,000 = factor that accounts for percent
and kBtu
yP = ratio of induced or forced draft blower
on-time to average burner on-time, as
follows:
1 for units without post-purge;
1 + (tP/3.87) for single stage furnaces with
post purge; or
1 + (tP/10) for two-stage and step
modulating furnaces with post purge.
PE = all electrical power related to burner
operation at full load steady-state
operation, including electrical ignition
device if energized, controls, gas valve or
oil control valve, and draft inducer, as
determined in section 8.2 of this
appendix.
yIG = ratio of burner interrupted ignition
device on-time to average burner ontime, as follows:
0 for burners not equipped with
interrupted ignition device;
(tIG/3.87) for single-stage furnaces; or
(tIG/10) for two-stage and step modulating
furnaces;
PEIG = electrical input rate to the interrupted
ignition device on burner (if employed),
as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
y = ratio of blower on-time to average burner
on-time, as follows:
1 for furnaces without fan delay;
1 + (t∂ ¥ t¥)/3.87 for single-stage furnaces
with fan delay; or
1 + (t∂ ¥ t¥)/10 for two-stage and step
modulating furnaces with fan delay.
BE = circulating air fan electrical energy
input rate at full-load steady-state
operation as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix.
tP = post-purge time as defined in section 8.5
of this appendix
= 0 if tP is equal to or less than 30 seconds
tIG = on-time of the burner interrupted
ignition device, as defined in section 8.3
of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.2.11 (noncondensing systems) or Section 11.3.11.3
(condensing systems) of ASHRAE 103–
1993, percent, and calculated on the
basis of:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
isolated combustion system installation,
for non-weatherized warm air furnaces;
or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are
weatherized.
2 = ratio of the average length of the heating
season in hours to the average heating
load hours
t∂ = delay time between burner shutoff and
the blower shutoff measured as defined
in Section 9.5.1.2 of ASHRAE 103–1993
t¥ = as defined in Section 9.6.1 of ASHRAE
103–1993
10.4.1.1 For furnaces equipped with two
stage or step modulating controls the average
annual energy used during the heating
season, EM, is defined as:
EM = (QIN ¥ QP) BOHSS + (8,760 ¥ 4,600)
QP
Where:
QIN = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix, in which the weighted EffyHS
as defined in Section 11.4.11.3 or
11.5.11.3 of ASHRAE 103–1993 is used
for calculating the values of A and B, the
term DHR is based on the value of QOUT
defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or
11.5.8.1.1 of ASHRAE 103–1993, and the
term (yPPE + yIGPEIG + yBE) in the factor
A is increased by the factor R, which is
defined as:
R = 2.3 for two stage controls
= 2.3 for step modulating controls when
the ratio of minimum-to-maximum
output is greater than or equal to 0.5
= 3.0 for step modulating controls when
the ratio of minimum-to-maximum
output is less than 0.5
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG PEIG + y
BE) R + (QIN ¥ QP) EffyHS], for forced
draft unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE Effmotor + yIG
PEIG + y BE) R + (QIN ¥ QP) EffyHS], for
forced draft unit, isolated combustion
system,
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1 ¥ Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) R + (QIN ¥ QP) EffyHS],
for induced draft unit, indoors, and
= 100,000/[341,200 (yIG PEIG + y BE) R +
(QIN ¥ QP) EffyHS], for induced draft
unit, isolated combustion system.
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.4.11.3 or
11.5.11.3 of ASHRAE 103–1993, and
calculated on the basis of:
isolated combustion system installation,
for non-weatherized warm air furnaces;
or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are
weatherized.
8,760 = total number of hours per year
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
10.4.1.2 For furnaces equipped with twostage or step-modulating controls, the
national average number of burner operating
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14649
hours at the reduced operating mode (BOHR)
is defined as:
BOHR = XR EM/QIN,R
Where:
XR = as defined in Section 11.4.8.7 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
10.4.1.3 For furnaces equipped with twostage controls, the national average number
of burner operating hours at the maximum
operating mode (BOHH) is defined as:
BOHH = XH EM/QIN
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
10.4.1.4 For furnaces equipped with stepmodulating controls, the national average
number of burner operating hours at the
modulating operating mode (BOHM) is
defined as:
BOHM = XH EM/QIN,M
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
QIN,M = QOUT,M/(EffySS,M/100)
QOUT,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.10 or
11.5.8.10 of ASHRAE 103–1993, as
appropriate
EffySS,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.8 or
11.5.8.8 of ASHRAE 103–1993, as
appropriate, in percent
100 = factor that accounts for percent
10.4.2 Average annual fuel energy
consumption for gas or oil fueled furnaces.
For furnaces equipped with single-stage
controls, the average annual fuel energy
consumption (EF) is expressed in Btu per
year and defined as:
EF = BOHSS (QIN ¥ QP) + 8,760 QP
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
10.4.2.1 For furnaces equipped with
either two-stage or step modulating controls,
EF is defined as:
EF = EM + 4,600 QP
Where:
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
10.4.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil-fueled
furnaces. For furnaces equipped with singlestage controls, the average annual auxiliary
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14650
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
electrical consumption (EAE) is expressed in
kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAE = BOHSS (yP PE + yIG PEIG + yBE) + ESO
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PE = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
BE = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix
10.4.3.1 For furnaces equipped with twostage controls, EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP PER + yIG PEIG + yBER) +
BOHH (yP PEH + yIG PEIG + y BEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.4.1.2 of this
appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
BOHH = as defined in section 10.4.1.3 of this
appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix
10.4.3.2 For furnaces equipped with stepmodulating controls, EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP PER + yIG PEIG + y BER) +
BOHM (yP PEH + yIG PEIG + y BEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.4.1.2 of this
appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
BOHM = as defined in 10.4.1.4 of this
appendix
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix
10.5 Average annual electric energy
consumption for electric furnaces. For
electric furnaces, the average annual
electrical energy consumption (EE) is
expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EE = 100 (2,080) (0.77) DHR/(3.412 AFUE) +
ESO
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
3.412 = conversion factor from watt-hours to
Btu
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993, in percent, and
calculated on the basis of:
Isolated combustion system installation,
for non-weatherized warm air furnaces;
or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are
weatherized.
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix.
10.6 Energy factor.
10.6.1 Energy factor for gas or oil
furnaces. Calculate the energy factor, EF, for
gas or oil furnaces defined as, in percent:
EF = (EF ¥ 4,600 (QP))(EffyHS)/(EF + 3,412
(EAE))
Where:
EF = average annual fuel consumption as
defined in section 10.4.2 of this
appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in
accordance with Section 9.2 of ASHRAE
103–1993 in Btu/h
EffyHS = annual fuel utilization efficiency as
defined in Sections 11.2.11, 11.3.11,
11.4.11 or 11.5.11 of ASHRAE 103–1993,
in percent, and calculated on the basis
of:
Isolated combustion system installation,
for non-weatherized warm air furnaces;
or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are
weatherized.
3,412 = conversion factor from kW to Btu/h
EAE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
10.6.2 Energy factor for electric furnaces.
The energy factor, EF, for electric furnaces is
defined as:
EF = AFUE
Where:
AFUE = annual fuel utilization efficiency as
defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix, in percent
10.7 Average annual energy consumption
for furnaces located in a different geographic
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
10.7.1 Average annual fuel energy
consumption for gas or oil-fueled furnaces
located in a different geographic region of the
United States and in buildings with different
design heating requirements. For gas or oilfueled furnaces, the average annual fuel
energy consumption for a specific geographic
region and a specific typical design heating
requirement (EFR) is expressed in Btu per
year and defined as:
EFR = (EF ¥ 8,760 QP) (HLH/2,080) + 8,760
QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.4.2 of this
appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
HLH = heating load hours for a specific
geographic region determined from the
heating load hour map in Figure 1 of this
appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
10.7.2 Average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil-fueled
furnaces located in a different geographic
region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
For gas or oil-fueled furnaces, the average
annual auxiliary electrical energy
consumption for a specific geographic region
and a specific typical design heating
requirement (EAER) is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as:
EAER = (EAE ¥ ESO) (HLH/2080) + ESOR
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.7.1 of this
appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
ESOR = as defined in section 10.7.3 of this
appendix.
10.7.3 Average annual electric energy
consumption for electric furnaces located in
a different geographic region of the United
States and in buildings with different design
heating requirements. For electric furnaces,
the average annual electric energy
consumption for a specific geographic region
and a specific typical design heating
requirement (EER) is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as:
EER = 100 (0.77) DHR HLH/(3.412 AFUE) +
ESOR
Where:
100 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.7.1 of this
appendix
3.412 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
AFUE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
ESOR = ESO as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix, except that in the equation for
ESO, the term BOH is multiplied by the
expression (HLH/2080) to get the
appropriate regional accounting of
standby mode and off mode loss.
10.8 Annual energy consumption for
mobile home furnaces.
10.8.1 National average number of burner
operating hours for mobile home furnaces
(BOHSS). BOHSS is the same as in section
10.4.1 of this appendix, except that the value
of EffyHS in the calculation of the burner
operating hours, BOHSS, is calculated on the
basis of a direct vent unit with system
number 9 or 10.
10.8.2 Average annual fuel energy for
mobile home furnaces (EF). EF is same as in
section 10.4.2 of this appendix except that
the burner operating hours, BOHSS, is
calculated as specified in section 10.8.1 of
this appendix.
10.8.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for mobile home
furnaces (EAE). EAE is the same as in section
10.4.3 of this appendix, except that the
burner operating hours, BOHSS, is calculated
as specified in section 10.8.1 of this
appendix.
10.9 Calculation of sales weighted
average annual energy consumption for
mobile home furnaces. To reflect the
distribution of mobile homes to geographical
regions with average HLHMHF values different
from 2,080, adjust the annual fossil fuel and
auxiliary electrical energy consumption
values for mobile home furnaces using the
following adjustment calculations.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
10.9.1 For mobile home furnaces, the
sales weighted average annual fossil fuel
energy consumption is expressed in Btu per
year and defined as:
EF,MHF = (EF ¥ 8,760 QP) HLHMHF/2,080 +
8,760 QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.8.2 of this
appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this
appendix
QP = as defined in section 10.2 of this
appendix
HLHMHF = 1880, sales weighted average
heating load hours for mobile home
furnaces
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
10.9.2 For mobile home furnaces, the
sales-weighted-average annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption is expressed in
kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAE,MHF = EAE HLHMHF/2,080
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.8.3 of this
appendix
HLHMHF = as defined in section 10.9.1 of this
appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
10.10 Direct determination of off-cycle
losses for furnaces equipped with thermal
stack dampers. [Reserved]
10.11 Average annual electrical standby
mode and off mode energy consumption.
Calculate the annual electrical standby mode
and off mode energy consumption (ESO) in
kilowatt-hours, defined as:
ESO = (PW,SB (4160 ¥ BOH) + 4600 PW,OFF)
K
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14651
Where:
PW,SB = furnace standby mode power, in
watts, as measured in section 8.10.1 of
this appendix
4,160 = average heating season hours per year
BOH = total burner operating hours as
calculated in section 10.4 of this
appendix for gas or oil-fueled furnaces.
Where for gas or oil-fueled furnaces
equipped with single-stage controls,
BOH = BOHSS; for gas or oil-fueled
furnaces equipped with two-stage
controls, BOH = (BOHR + BOHH); and for
gas or oil-fueled furnaces equipped with
step-modulating controls, BOH = (BOHR
+ BOHM). For electric furnaces, BOH =
100(2080)(0.77)DHR/(Ein 3.412(AFUE))
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ASHRAE 103–1993
PW,OFF = furnace off mode power, in watts,
as measured in section 8.10.2 of this
appendix
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh, conversion factor from
watt-hours to kilowatt-hours
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this
appendix
Ein = steady-state electric rated power, in
kilowatts, from Section 9.3 of ASHRAE
103–1993
3.412 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this
appendix
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of
ASHRAE 103–1993 in percent
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14652
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
3,000 2,500
Alaska:
3,500
Hawaii and territories :
0
Tbll map II nuonably accurate for mtlt putt of the United State, b\lt 11 neeaadly
pueralized,. uul ec.wequatly not too acearate bl moutabaou rq.ions, putlallarty
mtberodda.
8. Appendix EE to subpart B of part
430 is added to read as follows:
■
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Appendix EE to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Consumer
Boilers
0. Incorporation by reference
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3,
the entire standard for ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6–2014, ASTM
D2156–09 (R2018), and IEC 62301. However,
only enumerated provisions of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 are applicable to this
appendix, as follows:
(1) ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
(i) section 2 ‘‘Scope’’ as referenced in
section 1.0 of this appendix;
(ii) section 3 ‘‘Definitions’’ as referenced in
section 2.0 of this appendix;
(iii) section 4 ‘‘Classifications’’ as
referenced in section 3.0 of this appendix;
(iv) section 5 ‘‘Requirements’’ as referenced
in section 4.0 of this appendix;
(v) section 6 ‘‘Instruments’’ as referenced
in section 5.0 of this appendix;
(vi) section 7 ‘‘Apparatus’’ (except for
sections 7.1 and 7.8) as referenced in section
6.0 of this appendix;
(vii) section 8 ‘‘Methods of Testing’’
(except for sections 8.3.1.3, 8.3.3.1, 8.4.1.1,
8.4.1.1.1, 8.4.1.2, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and 8.8.3) as
referenced in section 7.0 of this appendix;
(viii) section 9 ‘‘Test Procedure’’ (except
for 9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.2.1, 9.7.4, and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
9.10) as referenced in section 8.0 of this
appendix;
(ix) section 10 ‘‘Nomenclature’’ as
referenced in section 9.0 of this appendix;
and
(x) section 11 ‘‘Calculations’’ as referenced
in section 10.0 of this appendix.
In cases where there is a conflict, the
language of the test procedure in this
appendix takes precedence over the
incorporated standards.
1.0 Scope. The scope of this appendix is
as specified in Section 2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 as it pertains to low pressure steam
or hot water boiler and electric boilers.
2.0 Definitions. Definitions include those
specified in Section 3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017 and the following additional and
modified definitions.
Active mode means the condition in which
the boiler is connected to the power source,
and at least one of the burner, electric
resistance elements, or any electrical
auxiliaries such as blowers or pumps, are
activated.
Boiler pump means a pump installed on a
boiler and that is separate from the
circulating water pump.
Draft inducer means a fan incorporated in
the boiler that either draws or forces air into
the combustion chamber.
Gas valve means an automatic or semiautomatic device consisting essentially of a
valve and operator that controls the gas
supply to the burner(s) during normal
operation of an appliance. The operator may
PO 00000
Frm 00032
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
be actuated by application of gas pressure on
a flexible diaphragm, by electrical means, by
mechanical means or by other means.
Installation and operation (I&O) manual
means instructions for installing,
commissioning, and operating the boiler,
which are supplied with the product when
shipped by the manufacturer.
Off mode means a mode in which the
boiler is connected to a mains power source
and is not providing any active mode or
standby mode function, and where the mode
may persist for an indefinite time. The
existence of an off switch in off position (a
disconnected circuit) is included within the
classification of off mode.
Off switch means the switch on the boiler
that, when activated, results in a measurable
change in energy consumption between the
standby and off modes.
Oil control valve means an automatically or
manually operated device consisting of an oil
valve for controlling the fuel supply to a
burner to regulate burner input.
Standby mode means any mode in which
the boiler is connected to a mains power
source and offers one or more of the
following space heating functions that may
persist:
a. To facilitate the activation of other
modes (including activation or deactivation
of active mode) by remote switch (including
thermostat or remote control), internal or
external sensors, or timer;
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
EP15MR22.004</GPH>
FIGUP.S l• HBATINO LOAD HOURS (HLll) FOR. THB UNITED STATBS
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
b. Continuous functions, including
information or status displays or sensorbased functions.
Thermal stack damper means a type of
stack damper that relies exclusively upon the
changes in temperature in the stack gases to
open or close the damper.
3.0 Classifications. Classifications are as
specified in Section 4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.
4.0 Requirements. Requirements are as
specified in Section 5 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.
5.0 Instruments. Instruments must be as
specified in Section 6 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.
6.0 Apparatus. The apparatus used in
conjunction with the boiler during the testing
must be as specified in Section 7 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 except for sections 7.1
and 7.8; and as specified in sections 6.1 and
6.2 of this appendix.
6.1 General.
a. Install the boiler in the test room in
accordance with the I&O manual, as defined
in section 2.5 of this appendix, except that
if provisions within this appendix are
specified, then the provisions herein drafted
and prescribed by DOE govern. If the I&O
manual and any additional provisions of this
appendix are not sufficient for testing a
boiler, the manufacturer must request a
waiver from the test procedure pursuant to
10 CFR 430.27.
b. The apparatuses described in section 6
of this appendix are used in conjunction with
the boiler during testing. Each piece of
apparatus shall conform to material and
construction specifications listed in this
appendix and in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
and the reference standards cited in this
appendix and in ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
c. Test rooms containing equipment must
have suitable facilities for providing the
utilities (including but not limited to
environmental controls, sufficient fluid
source(s), applicable measurement
equipment, and any other technology or
tools) necessary for performance of the test
and must be able to maintain conditions
within the limits specified in section 6 of this
appendix.
6.2 Condensate collection. Attach
condensate drain lines to the unit as
specified in the I&O manual. Maintain a
continuous downward slope of drain lines
from the unit. Additional precautions (such
as eliminating any line configuration or
position that would otherwise restrict or
block the flow of condensate or checking to
ensure a proper connection with condensate
drain spout that allows for unobstructed
flow) must be taken to facilitate
uninterrupted flow of condensate during the
test. Collection containers must be glass or
polished stainless steel to facilitate removal
of interior deposits. The collection container
must have a vent opening to the atmosphere.
7.0 Testing conditions. The testing
conditions must be as specified in Section 8
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, except for
Sections 8.3.1.3, 8.3.3.1, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.1,
8.4.1.2, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and 8.8.3; and as
specified in sections 7.1 to 7.8 of this
appendix, respectively. For condensing
furnaces and boilers, the relative humidity of
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
the room air shall be measured in accordance
with one of the methods described in ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 41.6–2014 (see Section
8.5 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017).
7.1 Fuel supply, gas. In conducting the
tests specified herein, gases with
characteristics as shown in Table 1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 shall be used. Maintain
the gas supply, ahead of all controls for a
boiler, at a test pressure between the normal
and increased values shown in Table 1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017. Maintain the
regulator outlet pressure at a level
approximating that recommended in the I&O
manual, as defined in section 2.5 of this
appendix, or, in the absence of such
recommendation, to the regulator settings
used when the product is shipped by the
manufacturer. Use a gas having a specific
gravity as shown in Table 1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 and with a higher heating
value within ±5% of the higher heating value
shown in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017. Determine the actual higher heating
value in Btu per standard cubic foot for the
gas to be used in the test within an error no
greater than 1%.
7.2 Installation of piping. Install piping
equipment in accordance with the I&O
manual. In the absence of such specification,
install piping in accordance with Section
8.3.1.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
7.3 Gas burner. Adjust the burners of gasfired boilers to their maximum Btu input
ratings at the normal test pressure specified
by section 7.1 of this appendix. Correct the
burner input rate to reflect gas characteristics
at a temperature of 60 °F and atmospheric
pressure of 30 in of Hg and adjust to within
±2 percent of the hourly Btu nameplate input
rating specified by the manufacturer as
measured at the maximum input rate during
the steady-state performance test in section 8
of this appendix. Set the primary air shutters
in accordance with the I&O manual to give
a good flame at this condition. If, however,
the setting results in the deposit of carbon on
the burners during any test specified herein,
the tester shall adjust the shutters and
burners until no more carbon is deposited
and shall perform the tests again with the
new settings (see Figure 9 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017). After the steady-state
performance test has been started, do not
make additional adjustments to the burners
during the required series of performance
tests specified in Section 9 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017. If a vent-limiting means is
provided on a gas pressure regulator, keep it
in place during all tests.
7.4 Modulating gas burner adjustment at
reduced input rate. For gas-fired boilers
equipped with modulating-type controls,
adjust the controls to operate the unit at the
nameplate minimum input rate. If the
modulating control is of a non-automatic
type, adjust the control to the setting
recommended in the I&O manual. In the
absence of such recommendation, the
midpoint setting of the non-automatic control
shall be used as the setting for determining
the reduced fuel input rate. Start the boiler
by turning the safety control valve to the
‘‘ON’’ position. Use a supply water
temperature that will allow for continuous
operation without shutoff by the control. If
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14653
necessary to achieve such continuous
operation, supply water may be increased
above 120 °F; in such cases, gradually
increase the supply water temperature to
determine what minimum supply water
temperature, with a 20 °F temperature rise
across the boiler, will be needed to adjust for
the minimum input rate at the reduced input
rate control setting. Monitor regulated gas
pressure out of the modulating control valve
(or entering the burner) to determine when
no further reduction of gas pressure results.
The flow rate of water through the boiler
shall be adjusted to achieve a 20 °F
temperature rise.
7.5 Oil burner. Adjust the burners of oilfired boilers to give a CO2 reading specified
in the I&O manual and an hourly Btu input
within ±2% of the hourly Btu nameplate
input rating as specified in the I&O manual
and as measured at maximum input rate
during steady-state performance test as
described in section 8 of this appendix.
Smoke in the flue may not exceed a No. 1
smoke during the steady-state performance
test as measured by the procedure in ASTM
D2156–09 (R2018). Maintain the average
draft over the fire and in the flue during the
steady-state performance test at the value
specified in the I&O manual. Do not allow
draft fluctuations exceeding 0.005 in. water.
Do not make additional adjustments to the
burner during the required series of
performance tests. The instruments and
measuring apparatus for this test are
described in section 6 of this appendix and
shown in Figure 8 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.
7.6 Measurement of jacket surface
temperature. Divide the jacket of the boiler
into 6-inch squares when practical, and
otherwise into 36-square-inch regions
comprising 4 inch by 9 inch or 3 inch by 12
inch sections, and determine the surface
temperature at the center of each square or
section with a surface thermocouple. Record
the surface temperature of the 36-square-inch
areas in groups where the temperature
differential of the 36-square-inch areas is less
than 10 °F for temperature up to 100 °F above
room temperature, and less than 20 °F for
temperatures more than 100 °F above room
temperature.
7.7 Installation of vent system. Keep the
vent or air intake system supplied by the
manufacturer in place during all tests. Test
units intended for installation with a variety
of vent pipe lengths with the minimum vent
length as specified in the I&O manual, or a
5-ft. flue pipe if there are no
recommendations in the I&O manual. Do not
connect a boiler employing a direct vent
system to a chimney or induced-draft source.
Vent combustion products solely by using
the venting incorporated in the boiler and the
vent or air intake system supplied by the
manufacturer. For units that are not designed
to significantly preheat the incoming air, see
section 7.5 of this appendix and Figure 4a or
4b of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017. For units
that do significantly preheat the incoming
air, see Figure 4c or 4d of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017.
7.8 Additional optional method of testing
for determining DP and DF. On units whose
design is such that there is no measurable
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14654
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
airflow through the combustion chamber and
heat exchanger when the burner(s) is (are) off
as determined by the optional test procedure
in section 7.8.1 of this appendix, DF and DP
may be set equal to 0.05.
7.8.1 Optional test method for indicating
the absence of flow through the heat
exchanger. Manufacturers may use the
following test protocol to determine whether
air flows through the combustion chamber
and heat exchanger when the burner(s) is
(are) off. The minimum default draft factor
(as allowed per Sections 8.8.3 and 9.10 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017) may be used only
for units determined pursuant to this
protocol to have no airflow through the
combustion chamber and heat exchanger.
7.8.1.1 Test apparatus. Use a smoke stick
that produces smoke that is easily visible and
has a density less than or approximately
equal to air. Use a smoke stick that produces
smoke that is non-toxic to the test personnel
and produces gas that is unreactive with the
environment in the test chamber.
7.8.1.2 Test conditions. Minimize all air
currents and drafts in the test chamber,
including turning off ventilation if the test
chamber is mechanically ventilated. Wait at
least two minutes following the termination
of the boiler on-cycle before beginning the
optional test method for indicating the
absence of flow through the heat exchanger.
7.8.1.3 Location of the test apparatus.
After all air currents and drafts in the test
chamber have been eliminated or minimized,
position the smoke stick based on the
following equipment configuration:
(a) For horizontal combustion air intakes,
approximately 4 inches from the vertical
plane at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches below the bottom edge of the
combustion air intake; or
(b) for vertical combustion air intakes,
approximately 4 inches horizontal from vent
perimeter at the termination of the intake
vent and 4 inches down (parallel to the
vertical axis of the vent). In the instance
where the boiler combustion air intake is
closer than 4 inches to the floor, place the
smoke device directly on the floor without
impeding the flow of smoke.
7.8.1.4 Duration of test. Establish the
presence of smoke from the smoke stick and
then monitor the direction of the smoke flow
for no less than 30 seconds.
7.8.1.5 Test results. During visual
assessment, determine whether there is any
draw of smoke into the combustion air intake
vent.
If absolutely no smoke is drawn into the
combustion air intake, the boiler meets the
requirements to allow use of the minimum
default draft factor pursuant to Section 8.8.3
and/or Section 9.10 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017.
If there is any smoke drawn into the intake,
proceed with the methods of testing as
prescribed in Section 8.8 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017.
8.0 Test procedure. Conduct testing and
measurements as specified in Section 9 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017) except for
Sections 9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.2.1, 9.7.4,
and 9.10; and as specified in sections 8.1
through 8.9 of this appendix. Section 8.4 of
this appendix may be used in lieu of Section
9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
8.1 Fuel input. For gas units, measure and
record the steady-state gas input rate in Btu/
h, including pilot gas, corrected to standard
conditions of 60 °F and 30 in. Hg. Use
measured values of gas temperature and
pressure at the meter and barometric pressure
to correct the metered gas flow rate to the
above standard conditions. For oil units,
measure and record the steady-state fuel
input rate. For maximum input rate, the
measured burner input rate shall be within
±2% of the hourly Btu nameplate input rating
(QIN) specified by the manufacturer. For
modulating furnaces and boilers operating at
reduced input rate, the measured reduced
heat input rate (QIN,R) shall be recorded. At
the discretion of the one testing, the hourly
Btu nameplate minimum input rating
specified by the manufacturer may be used
in the calculations in place of QIN,R if the
measured rate is within ±2% of the
nameplate rating.
8.2 Electrical input. During the steadystate test, perform a single measurement of
all of the electrical power involved in burner
operation (PE), including energizing the
ignition system, controls, gas valve or oil
control valve, and draft inducer, if
applicable. For boilers, the measurement of
PE must include the boiler pump if so
equipped. If the boiler pump does not
operate during the measurement of PE, add
the boiler pump nameplate power to the
measurement of PE. If the boiler pump
nameplate power is not available, use 0.13
kW. For hot water boilers, use the circulating
water pump nameplate power for BE, or if
the pump nameplate power is not available,
use 0.13 kW.
8.3 Input to interrupted ignition device.
For burners equipped with an interrupted
ignition device, record the nameplate electric
power used by the ignition device, PEIG, or
record that PEIG = 0.4 kW if no nameplate
power input is provided. Record the
nameplate ignition device on-time interval,
tIG, or, if the nameplate does not provide the
ignition device on-time interval, measure the
on-time interval with a stopwatch at the
beginning of the test, starting when the
burner is turned on. Set tIG = 0 and PEIG =
0 if the device on-time interval is less than
or equal to 5 seconds after the burner is on.
8.4 Optional test procedures for
condensing boilers, measurement of
condensate during the establishment of
steady-state conditions. For units with stepmodulating or two-stage controls, conduct
the test at both the maximum and reduced
inputs. In lieu of collecting the condensate
immediately after the steady state conditions
have been reached as required by Section 9.2
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, condensate may
be collected during the establishment of
steady state conditions as defined by Section
9.1.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017. Perform
condensate collection for at least 30 minutes.
Measure condensate mass immediately at the
end of the collection period to prevent
evaporation loss from the sample. Record
fuel input for the 30-minute condensate
collection test period. Observe and record
fuel higher heating value (HHV),
temperature, and pressures necessary for
determining fuel energy input (Qc,ss).
Measure the fuel quantity and HHV with
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
errors no greater than 1%. The humidity for
the room air shall at no time exceed 80%.
Determine the mass of condensate for the
establishment of steady state conditions
(Mc,ss) in pounds by subtracting the tare
container weight from the total container and
condensate weight measured at the end of the
30-minute condensate collection test period.
8.5 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled
boilers without stack dampers. After steadystate testing has been completed, turn the
main burner(s) ‘‘OFF’’ and measure the flue
gas temperature at 3.75 minutes (temperature
designated as TF,OFF(t3)) and 22.5 minutes
(temperature designated as TF,OFF(t4)) after
the burner shut-off using the thermocouple
grid described in Section 7.6 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
a. During this off-period, for units that do
not have pump delay after shut-off, do not
allow any water to circulate through the hot
water boilers.
b. For units that have pump delay on shutoff, except those having pump controls
sensing water temperature, the unit control
must stop the pump. Measure and record the
time between burner shut-off and pump shutoff (t+) to the nearest second.
c. For units having pump delay controls
that sense water temperature, operate the
pump for 15 minutes and record t+ as 15
minutes. While the pump is operating,
maintain the inlet water temperature and
flow rate at the same values as used during
the steady-state test, as specified in Sections
9.1 and 8.4.2.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
d. For boilers that employ post-purge,
measure the length of the post-purge period
with a stopwatch. Record the time from
burner ‘‘OFF’’ to combustion blower ‘‘OFF’’
(electrically de-energized) as tP. Measure the
flue gas temperature by means of the
thermocouple grid described in Section 7.6 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 at the end of the
post-purge period tP (TF,OFF(tP)) and at (3.75
+ tP) minutes (TF,OFF(t3)) and (22.5 + tP)
minutes (TF,OFF(t4)) after the main burner
shuts off. If tP is prescribed by the I&O
manual or measured to be greater than 3
minutes, also measure the flue gas
temperature at the midpoint of the post-purge
period tP/2 (TF,OFF(tP/2)). If the measured tP
is less than or equal to 30 seconds, record tP
as 0 and conduct the cool-down test as if
there is no post-purge.
8.6 Direct measurement of off-cycle losses
testing method. [Reserved.]
8.7 Calculation options. The rate of the
flue gas mass flow through the boiler and the
factors DP, DF, and DS are calculated by the
equations in Sections 11.6.1, 11.6.2, 11.6.3,
11.6.4, 11.7.1, and 11.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017. On units whose design is such
that there is no measurable airflow through
the combustion chamber and heat exchanger
when the burner(s) is (are) off (as determined
by the optional test procedure in section 7.8
of this appendix), DF and DP may be set equal
to 0.05.
8.8 Optional test procedures for
condensing boilers that have no off-period
flue losses. For units that have applied the
test method in section 7.8 of this appendix
to determine that no measurable airflow
exists through the combustion chamber and
heat exchanger during the burner off-period
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
and having post-purge periods of less than 30
seconds, the cool-down and heat-up tests
specified in Sections 9.5 and 9.6 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 may be omitted. In lieu
of conducting the cool-down and heat-up
tests, the tester may use the losses
determined during the steady-state test
described in Section 9.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 when calculating heating seasonal
efficiency, EffyHS.
8.9 Measurement of electrical standby
and off mode power.
8.9.1 Standby power measurement. With
all electrical auxiliaries of the boiler not
activated, measure the standby power (PW,SB)
in accordance with the procedures in IEC
62301, except that Section 8.5, Room
Ambient Temperature, of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017 and the voltage provision of
Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical Supply, of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 shall apply in lieu of the
corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at
Section 4.2, Test room, and the voltage
specification of Section 4.3, Power supply.
Frequency shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further,
IEC 62301 Section 4.4, Power measurement
instruments, and Section 5, Measurements,
apply in lieu of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
Section 6.10, Energy Flow Rate. Measure the
wattage so that all possible standby mode
wattage for the entire appliance is recorded,
not just the standby mode wattage of a single
auxiliary. Round the recorded standby power
(PW,SB) to the second decimal place, except
for loads greater than or equal to 10W, which
must be recorded to at least three significant
figures.
8.9.2 Off mode power measurement. If
the unit is equipped with an off switch or
there is an expected difference between off
mode power and standby mode power,
measure off mode power (PW,OFF) in
accordance with the standby power
procedures in IEC 62301, except that Section
8.5, Room Ambient Temperature, of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 and the voltage provision
of Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical Supply, of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 shall apply in lieu of the
corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at
Section 4.2, Test room, and the voltage
specification of Section 4.3, Power supply.
Frequency shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further,
IEC 62301 Section 4.4, Power measurement
instruments, and Section 5, Measurements,
apply for this measurement in lieu of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 Section 6.10, Energy
Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that all
possible off mode wattage for the entire
appliance is recorded, not just the off mode
wattage of a single auxiliary. If there is no
expected difference in off mode power and
standby mode power, let PW,OFF = PW,SB, in
which case no separate measurement of off
mode power is necessary. Round the
recorded off mode power (PW,OFF) to the
second decimal place, except for loads
greater than or equal to 10W, in which case
round the recorded value to at least three
significant figures.
9.0 Nomenclature. Nomenclature
includes the nomenclature specified in
Section 10 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017 and
the following additional variables:
Effmotor = Efficiency of power burner motor
PEIG = Electrical power to the interrupted
ignition device, kW
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
RT,a = RT,F if flue gas is measured
= RT,S if stack gas is measured
RT,F = Ratio of combustion air mass flow rate
to stoichiometric air mass flow rate
RT,S = Ratio of the sum of combustion air and
relief air mass flow rate to stoichiometric
air mass flow rate
tIG = Electrical interrupted ignition device
on-time, min.
Ta,SS,X = TF,SS,X if flue gas temperature is
measured, °F
= TS,SS,X if stack gas temperature is
measured, °F
yIG = Ratio of electrical interrupted ignition
device on-time to average burner on-time
yP = Ratio of power burner combustion
blower on-time to average burner ontime
ESO = Average annual electric standby mode
and off mode energy consumption, in
kilowatt-hours
PW,OFF = Boiler off mode power, in watts
PW,SB = Boiler standby mode power, in watts
10.0 Calculation of derived results from
test measurements. Perform calculations as
specified in Section 11 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017, except for appendices B and C;
and as specified in sections 10.1 through 10.7
and Figure 1 of this appendix.
10.1 Annual fuel utilization efficiency.
The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE)
is as defined in Sections 11.2.12 (noncondensing systems), 11.3.12 (condensing
systems), 11.4.12 (non-condensing
modulating systems) and 11.5.12 (condensing
modulating systems) of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–
2017, except for the following:
10.1.1 The definition for the term EffyHS
in the defining equation for AFUE. EffyHS is
defined as:
EffyHS = heating seasonal efficiency as
defined in Sections 11.2.11 (noncondensing systems), 11.3.11
(condensing systems), 11.4.11 (noncondensing modulating systems) and
11.5.11 (condensing modulating systems)
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017, and is
based on the assumptions that
weatherized boilers are located outdoors
and that non-weatherized boilers are
installed indoors.
10.1.2 In Section 11.5.7.3 for the purpose
of calculating the steady-state efficiency of a
condensing, modulating boiler at the
maximum and reduced input rates the
following applies:
10.1.2.1 Calculate steady state efficiencies
at the maximum and reduced input rates,
EffySS and EffySS,R, using the equations for
non-condensing, non-modulating systems in
Section 11.2.7 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.1.2.2 Use the values for EffySS and
EffySS,R calculated in the previous step to
determine the heating capacity at the
maximum and reduced input rates, QOUT and
QOUT,R, according to Sections 11.4.8.1.1 and
11.4.8.1.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.1.2.3 Use the values for QOUT and
QOUT,R calculated in the previous step to
determine the balance point temperature, TC,
according to Section 11.4.8.4 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.1.2.4 Use the value for TC determined
in the previous step to calculate the average
outdoor air temperature for the maximum
and reduced input rates, TOA,H and TOA,R,
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14655
according to Section 11.4.8.3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.1.2.5 Use the values for TOA,H and
TOA,R calculated in the previous step to
calculate the steady-state heat loss due to
condensate going down the drain, LC,SS, at
the maximum and reduced input rates
according to Section 11.3.7.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.1.2.6 Use the values of LC,SS at the
maximum and reduced input rates calculated
in the previous step to determine the steadystate efficiency for modulating, condensing
boilers at the maximum and reduced input
rates, EffySS and EffySS,R, according to
Section 11.3.7.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.2 National average burner operating
hours, average annual fuel energy
consumption, and average annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption for gas or oil
boilers.
10.2.1 National average number of burner
operating hours.
10.2.1.1 For boilers equipped with singlestage controls, the national average number
of burner operating hours is defined as:
BOHSS = 2,080 (0.77) (A) [(QOUT/1000)/
(1+a)]¥2,080 (B)
Where:
2,080 = national average heating load hours
0.77 = adjustment factor to adjust the
calculated design heating requirement
and heating load hours to the actual
heating load experienced by the heating
system
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG PEIG + y
BE) + (QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for forced draft
unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1¥Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) + (QIN¥QP) EffyHS], for
induced draft unit, indoors, and
QOUT = value as defined in Section 11.2.8.1
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017.
a = value as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
B = 2 QP (EffyHS) (A)/100,000
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
100,000 = factor that accounts for percent
and kBtu
yP = ratio of induced or forced draft blower
on-time to average burner on-time, as
follows:
1 for units without post-purge;
1 + (tP/tON) for single stage boilers with
post purge; or
PE = all electrical power related to burner
operation at full load steady-state
operation, including electrical ignition
device if energized, controls, gas valve or
oil control valve, draft inducer, and
boiler pump, as determined in section
8.2 of this appendix.
yIG = ratio of burner interrupted ignition
device on-time to average burner ontime, as follows:
0 for burners not equipped with interrupted
ignition device;
(tIG/tON) for single stage boilers
PEIG = electrical input rate to the interrupted
ignition device on burner (if employed),
as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
14656
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
y = ratio of pump on-time to average burner
on-time, as follows:
1 for boilers without a pump delay;
1 + (t+/tON) for single-stage boilers with
pump delay;
BE = circulating water pump electrical
energy input rate at full-load steady-state
operation as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix.
tP = post-purge time as defined in section 8.5
of this appendix
= 0 if tP is equal to or less than 30 seconds
tIG = on-time of the burner interrupted
ignition device, as defined in section 8.3
of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.2.11 (noncondensing systems) or Section 11.3.11.3
(condensing systems) of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017, percent, and calculated on the
basis of:
Indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or outdoor installation, for
boilers that are weatherized.
2 = ratio of the average length of the heating
season in hours to the average heating
load hours
t+ = delay time between burner shutoff and
the pump shutoff measured as defined in
section 8.5 of this appendix.
tON = value as defined in Table 7 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.2.1.2 For boilers equipped with twostage or step-modulating controls, the
national average number of burner operating
hours at the reduced operating mode (BOHR)
is defined as:
BOHR = XR (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/1,000)/(1 +
a)](AR)¥2080(BR)
Where:
XR = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or
11.5.8.1.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
AR = 100,000/[341,200(yP,RPER + yIG,RPEIG +
yRBER) + (QIN,R—QP) EffyU,R] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,RPER (1¥Effmotor) +
yIG,RPEIG + yRBER) + (QIN,R¥QP) EffyU,R]
for induced draft unit, indoors
BR = 2QP (EffyU,R) (AR)/100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 1,000 Btu/kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 3,412 Btu/h/kW
yP,R = 1 + (tp/tON,R) for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with post purge
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
yIG,R = tIG/tON,R
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this
appendix
yR = 1 + (t+)/tON,R for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
EffyU,R = as defined in Section 11.4.11.1 or
11.5.11.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
and calculated on the basis of:
Indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are
weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
10.2.1.3 For boilers equipped with twostage controls, the national average number
of burner operating hours at the maximum
operating mode (BOHH) is defined as:
BOHH = XH (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/1,000)/(1 +
a)](AH)¥2080(BH)
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.5 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or
11.5.8.1.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
AH = 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH + yIG,HPEIG +
yHBEH) + (QIN,H¥QP) EffyU,H] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH (1¥Effmotor) +
yIG,HPEIG + yHBEH) + (QIN,H¥QP) EffyU,H]
for induced draft unit, indoors
BH = 2QP (EffyU,H) (AH)/100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 1,000 Btu/kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 3412 Btu/h/kW
yP,H = 1 + (tp/tON,H) for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with post purge
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
yIG,H = tIG/tON,H
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this
appendix
yH = 1 + (t+)/tON,H for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
QIN,H = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
EffyU,H = as defined in Section 11.4.11.2 or
11.5.11.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are
weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
PO 00000
Frm 00036
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
10.2.1.4 For boilers equipped with stepmodulating controls, the national
average number of burner operating
hours at the modulating operating mode
(BOHM) is defined as:
BOHM = XH (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/1,000)/
(1+a)](AM)¥2080(BM)
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.5 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or
11.5.8.1.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
AM = 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH + yIG,HPEIG +
yHBEH) + (QIN,M¥QP) EffyU,M] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH (1¥Effmotor) +
yIG,HPEIG + yHBEH) + (QIN,M¥QP)
EffyU,M] for induced draft unit, indoors
BM = 2QP (EffyU,M) (AM)/100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 1,000 Btu/kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for
percent and 3412 Btu/h/kW
yP,H = 1 + (tp/tON,H) for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with post purge
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
yIG,H = tIG/tON,H
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this
appendix
yH = 1 + (t+)/tON,H for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
QIN,M = (100)(QOUT,M/EffySS,M)
QOUT,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.9 or
11.5.8.9 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
EffySS,M = value as defined in Section
11.4.8.7 or 11.5.8.7 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
EffyU,M = as defined in Section 11.4.9.2.3 or
11.5.9.2.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017,
and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are
weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor
efficiency provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner
efficiency if not provided by the
manufacturer.
10.2.2 Average annual fuel energy
consumption for gas or oil fueled boilers.
10.2.2.1 For boilers equipped with singlestage controls, the average annual fuel
energy consumption (EF) is expressed in
Btu per year and defined as:
EF = BOHSS (QIN¥QP) + 8,760 QP
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
8,760 = total number of hours per year.
10.2.2.2 For boilers equipped with either
two-stage or step modulating controls, EF is
defined as follows. For two-stage control:
EF = (BOHH)(QIN)+(BOHR)
(QIN,R)+[8760¥(BOHH+BOHR)]QP
For step-modulating control:
EF = (BOHM)(QIN,M)+(BOHR)
(QIN,R)+[8760¥(BOHH+BOHR)]QP
Where:
BOHH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
BOHM = as defined in section 10.2.1.4 of this
appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
QIN,M = as defined in Section 10.2.1.4 of this
appendix
8,760 = total number of hours per year
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017.
10.2.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil-fueled
boilers.
10.2.3.1 For boilers equipped with singlestage controls, the average annual auxiliary
electrical consumption (EAE) is expressed in
kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAE = BOHSS (yP PE + yIG PEIG + yBE) + ESO
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
PE = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
yIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
y = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
BE = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix.
10.2.3.2 For boilers equipped with twostage controls, EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP,R PER + yIG,R PEIG + yRBER)
+ BOHH (yP,H PEH + yIG,H PEIG + yHBEH)
+ ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
yP,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
yIG,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
yR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
BOHH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
yP,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
yIG,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
yH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix.
10.2.3.3 For boilers equipped with stepmodulating controls, EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP,R PER + yIG,R PEIG + yR BER)
+ BOHM (yP,H PEH + yIG,H PEIG + yHBEH)
+ ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
yP,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
yIG,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1 of this
appendix
yR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this
appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the reduced
fuel input rate
BOHM = as defined in 10.2.1.4 of this
appendix
yP,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
yIG,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
yH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this
appendix
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix and measured at the maximum
fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix.
10.3 Average annual electric energy
consumption for electric boilers. For electric
boilers, the average annual electrical energy
consumption (EE) is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as:
EE = 100 (2,080) (0.77) [QOUT/(1 + a)]/(3412
AFUE) + ESO
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
3412 = conversion factor from kilowatt-hours
to Btu
PO 00000
Frm 00037
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
14657
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017, in percent, and
calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are
weatherized.
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix.
10.4 Energy factor.
10.4.1 Energy factor for gas or oil boilers.
Calculate the energy factor, EF, for gas or oil
boilers defined as, in percent:
EF = (EF ¥ 4,600 (QP))(EffyHS)/(EF + 3,412
(EAE))
Where:
EF = average annual fuel consumption as
defined in section 10.2.2 of this
appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in
accordance with Section 9.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 in Btu/h
EffyHS = annual fuel utilization efficiency as
defined in Sections 11.2.11, 11.3.11,
11.4.11 or 11.5.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103–2017, in percent, and calculated on
the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized
boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are
weatherized.
3,412 = conversion factor from kW to Btu/h
EAE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this
appendix.
10.4.2 Energy factor for electric boilers. The
energy factor, EF, for electric boilers is
defined as:
EF = AFUE
Where:
AFUE = annual fuel utilization efficiency as
defined in section 10.3 of this appendix,
in percent.
10.5 Average annual energy consumption
for boilers located in a different geographic
region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
10.5.1 Average annual fuel energy
consumption for gas or oil-fueled boilers
located in a different geographic region of the
United States and in buildings with different
design heating requirements. For gas or oilfueled boilers, the average annual fuel energy
consumption for a specific geographic region
and a specific typical design heating
requirement (EFR) is expressed in Btu per
year and defined as:
EFR = (EF ¥ 8,760 QP) (HLH/2,080) + 8,760
QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.2.2 of this
appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.2.2 of this
appendix
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
HLH = heating load hours for a specific
geographic region determined from the
heating load hour map in Figure 1 of this
appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix.
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
14658
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
10.5.2 Average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil-fueled
boilers located in a different geographic
region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
For gas or oil-fueled boilers, the average
annual auxiliary electrical energy
consumption for a specific geographic region
and a specific typical design heating
requirement (EAER) is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as:
EAER = (EAE ¥ ESO) (HLH/2080) + ESOR
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this
appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.5.1 of this
appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
ESOR = as defined in section 10.5.3 of this
appendix.
10.5.3 Average annual electric energy
consumption for electric boilers located in a
different geographic region of the United
States and in buildings with different design
heating requirements. For electric boilers, the
average annual electric energy consumption
for a specific geographic region and a specific
typical design heating requirement (EER) is
expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EER = 100 (0.77) [QOUT/(1+a)] HLH/(3.412
AFUE) + ESOR
Where:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
100 = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
HLH = as defined in section 10.5.1 of this
appendix
3.412 = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this
appendix
AFUE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this
appendix
ESOR = ESO as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix, except that in the equation for
ESO, the term BOH is multiplied by the
expression (HLH/2080) to get the
appropriate regional accounting of
standby mode and off mode loss.
10.6 Direct determination of off-cycle
losses for boilers equipped with thermal
stack dampers. [Reserved]
10.7 Average annual electrical standby
mode and off mode energy consumption.
Calculate the annual electrical standby mode
and off mode energy consumption (ESO) in
kilowatt-hours, defined as:
ESO = (PW,SB (4160 ¥ BOH) + 4600 PW,OFF)
K
Where:
PW,SB = boiler standby mode power, in watts,
as measured in section 8.9.1 of this
appendix
4,160 = average heating season hours per year
BOH = total burner operating hours as
calculated in section 10.2 of this
PO 00000
Frm 00038
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
appendix for gas or oil-fueled boilers.
Where for gas or oil-fueled boilers
equipped with single-stage controls,
BOH = BOHSS; for gas or oil-fueled
boilers equipped with two-stage controls,
BOH = (BOHR + BOHH); and for gas or
oil-fueled boilers equipped with stepmodulating controls, BOH = (BOHR +
BOHM). For electric boilers, BOH =
100(2080)(0.77)[QOUT/(1+a)]/(Ein
3412(AFUE))
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103–2017
PW,OFF = boiler off mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 8.9.2 of this
appendix
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh, conversion factor from
watt-hours to kilowatt-hours
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this
appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
a = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
Ein = steady-state electric rated power, in
kilowatts, from Section 9.3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017
3412 = as defined in section 10.3 of this
appendix
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103–2017 in percent.
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 / Proposed Rules
14659
3,000 2,500
Alaska:
Hawaii and territories :
Thil map b nuonably aeeunte for lllffl parts of die United .States but II aNtllllrily
pntralind, ud eoueqweotly not too lffltl'IUI in moutainou reait1U, pardeularly
lathe~
PIOURB 1.. HEATING LOAD HOURS (HLH) ,oanm UNITBD STATES
[FR Doc. 2022–04017 Filed 3–14–22; 8:45 am]
VerDate Sep<11>2014
21:32 Mar 14, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00039
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 9990
E:\FR\FM\15MRP2.SGM
15MRP2
EP15MR22.005</GPH>
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 50 (Tuesday, March 15, 2022)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 14622-14659]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-04017]
[[Page 14621]]
Vol. 87
Tuesday,
No. 50
March 15, 2022
Part II
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Consumer Boilers;
Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 87 , No. 50 / Tuesday, March 15, 2022 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 14622]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 430
[EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037]
RIN 1904-AE83
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Consumer Boilers
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to amend the
test procedures for consumer boilers to incorporate by reference the
latest version of the industry standards currently referenced in the
Federal test procedure. DOE proposes to relocate the test procedure in
a new appendix separate from the residential furnace test procedure.
DOE also proposes to remove an extraneous definition from its
regulatory definitions. DOE is seeking comment from interested parties
on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposal no later than May 16, 2022. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details. DOE will hold a webinar on Thursday,
April 7, 2022, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for webinar registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the capabilities available to
webinar participants. If no participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons
may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037
and/or RIN 1904-AE83, by any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: [email protected]. Include the docket
number EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037 and/or RIN 1904-AE83 in the subject line of
the message.
No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the
rulemaking process, see section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including postal mail and hand
delivery/courier, the Department has found it necessary to make
temporary modifications to the comment submission process in light of
the ongoing coronavirus (``COVID-19'') pandemic. DOE is currently
suspending receipt of public comments via postal mail and hand
delivery/courier. If a commenter finds that this change poses an undue
hardship, please contact Appliance Standards Program staff at (202)
586-1445 to discuss the need for alternative arrangements. Once the
COVID-19 pandemic health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates
resuming all of its regular options for public comment submission,
including postal mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices,
webinar or public meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a webinar
or public meeting is held), comments, and other supporting documents/
materials, is available for review at www.regulations.gov. All
documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index.
However, some documents listed in the index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
The docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037. The docket web page contains instructions on how
to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See
section V for information on how to submit comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Julia Hegarty, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(240) 597-6737. Email [email protected].
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2588. Email:
[email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting (if
one is held), contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program
staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to maintain and amend a
previously approved incorporation by reference and to newly incorporate
by reference the following industry standards into the Code of Federal
Regulations (``CFR'') at 10 CFR part 430:
American National Standards Institute (``ANSI'')/American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (``ASHRAE'')
Standard 103-2017 (ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017), ``Method of Testing for
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers,'' approved July 3, 2017.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-2014 (ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014), ``Standard
Method for Humidity Measurement,'' approved July 3, 2014. Copies of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014 can be obtained from the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA
30092, (800) 527-4723 or (404) 636-8400, or online at: www.ashrae.org.
ASTM, International (``ASTM'') Standard D2156-09 (Reapproved 2018)
(ASTM D2156-09 (R2018)), ``Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in
Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels,'' reapproved October 1, 2018.
Copies of ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) can be obtained from the ASTM,
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959 or online at: www.astm.org.
International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC'') 62301 (IEC
62301), ``Household electrical appliances-Measurement of standby
power,'' (Edition 2.0 2011-01).
Copies of IEC 62301 can be obtained from the American National
Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
(212) 642-4900, or online at: webstore.ansi.org.
See section IV.M of this document for a further discussion of these
standards.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
C. Deviation From Appendix A
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Definitions
C. Metric
D. Updates to Industry Standards
E. Test Procedure Requirements
1. Ambient Conditions
2. Combustion Airflow Settings
3. Input Rates for Step Modulating Boilers
4. Return Water Temperature
5. Active Mode Electrical Energy Consumption
[[Page 14623]]
6. Standby Mode and Off Mode
7. Full Fuel Cycle
8. Conversion Factor for British Thermal Units
F. Alternative Efficiency Determination Methods
G. Certification Requirements
1. Linear Interpolation
2. Supplemental Test Instructions
3. Standby Mode and Off Mode Certification
H. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
I. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Furnaces, which includes consumer boilers, are included in the list
of ``covered products'' for which DOE is authorized to establish and
amend energy conservation standards and test procedures. (42 U.S.C.
6291(23); 42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(5)) DOE's energy conservation standards and
test procedures for consumer boilers are currently prescribed at title
10 CFR 430.32(e)(2), and 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix N,
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Furnaces
and Boilers (``appendix N''). The following sections discuss DOE's
authority to establish test procedures for consumer boilers and
relevant background information regarding DOE's consideration of test
procedures for this product.
A. Authority
Title III, Part B \1\ of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act
(``EPCA''),\2\ Pub. L.'') 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309, as codified)
established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, which sets forth a variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. These products include consumer boilers,
which are the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(5))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was redesignated Part A.
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Infrastructure Investment and JobsEnergy Act
of 2020, Public Law 117-58 (Nov. 15, 2021116-260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA specifically include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6291),
test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296).
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their products comply with the applicable energy
conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)),
and (2) making representations about the efficiency of those consumer
products (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these test
procedures to determine whether the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption in
limited circumstances for particular State laws or regulations, in
accordance with the procedures and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets forth the criteria and
procedures DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures
for covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed
or amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce
test results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered product, including the
consumer boilers that are the subject of this document, to determine
whether amended test procedures would more accurately or fully comply
with the requirements for the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated
operating costs during a representative average use cycle or period of
use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on his own behalf or in response to a
petition by any interested person, that a test procedure should be
prescribed or amended, the Secretary shall promptly publish in the
Federal Register proposed test procedures and afford interested persons
an opportunity to present oral and written data, views, and arguments
with respect to such procedures. The comment period on a proposed rule
to amend a test procedure shall be at least 60 days but may not exceed
270 days. In prescribing or amending a test procedure, the Secretary
shall take into account such information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including technological developments
relating to energy use or energy efficiency of the type (or class) of
covered products involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE determines
that test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its
determination not to amend the test procedures. DOE is publishing this
notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) in satisfaction of the 7-year
lookback review requirement specified in EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
B. Background
As stated, DOE's existing test procedure for consumer boilers
appears at Title 10 of the CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix N
(``Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Furnaces
and Boilers'') and is used to determine the annual fuel utilization
efficiency (``AFUE''), which is the regulatory metric for consumer
boilers.
DOE most recently updated its test procedure for consumer boilers
in a final rule published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2016
(``January 2016 final rule''). 81 FR 2628. The January 2016 final rule
amended the existing DOE test procedure for
[[Page 14624]]
consumer boilers to improve the consistency and accuracy of test
results generated using the DOE test procedure and to reduce test
burden. In particular, the modifications relevant to consumer boilers
included: (1) Clarifying the definition of the electrical power term,
``PE''; (2) adopting a smoke stick test for determining whether minimum
default draft factors can be applied; (3) allowing for optional
measurement of condensate during establishment of steady-state
conditions; (4) updating references to the applicable installation and
operation (``I&O'') manual and providing clarifications for when the
I&O manual does not specify test set-up; and (5) revising the AFUE
reporting precision. DOE also revised the definitions of several terms
in the test procedure and added an enforcement provision to provide a
method of test for DOE to determine compliance with the automatic means
design requirement mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007, Public Law 110-140 (Dec. 19, 2007). 81 FR 2628, 2629-2630.
On May 15, 2020, DOE published in the Federal Register a request
for information (``May 2020 RFI'') seeking comments on the existing DOE
test procedure for consumer boilers, which incorporates by reference
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. 85 FR 29352. ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993
provides test procedures for determining the AFUE of residential
central furnaces and boilers. In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested
comments, information, and data about a number of issues, including:
(1) The test procedure's scope and definitions; (2) updates to industry
standards; (3) ambient test conditions; (4) provisions for testing
boilers with manually adjustable combustion airflow; (5) calculation of
steady-state heat loss for condensing, modulating boilers; and (6)
provisions for testing step modulating boilers. Id. at 85 FR 29354-
29357. DOE also sought comment generally on whether the current test
procedures are reasonably designed to produce results that measure
energy efficiency during a representative average use cycle or period
of use, whether any potential amendments would make the test procedure
unduly burdensome to conduct, whether existing test procedures limit a
manufacturer's ability to provide additional features, on the impact of
any potential amendments on manufacturers including small businesses,
on whether there are any potential issues related to emerging smart
technologies, and generally on any other aspect of the test procedure
for consumer boilers. Id. at 85 FR 23957.
DOE received comments in response to the May 2020 RFI from the
interested parties listed in Table I.1.
Table I.1--Written Comments Received in Response to the May 2020 RFI
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference in this
Commenter(s) NOPR Commenter type
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Conditioning, Heating and AHRI.............. Trade Association.
Refrigeration Institute.
Pacific Gas and Electric CA IOUs........... Utilities.
Company, San Diego Gas and
Electric, Southern California
Edison (collectively referred
to as the California Investor
Owned Utilities).
Northwest Energy Efficiency NEEA.............. Efficiency
Alliance. Organization.
Weil-McLain..................... Weil-McLain....... Manufacturer.
Bradford White Corporation...... BWC............... Manufacturer.
Rheem Manufacturing Company..... Rheem............. Manufacturer.
Burnham Holdings, Inc........... BHI............... Manufacturer.
Energy Kinetics, Inc............ Energy Kinetics... Manufacturer.
Lochinvar....................... Lochinvar......... Manufacturer.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Deviation From Appendix A
In accordance with section 3(a) of 10 CFR part 430, subpart C,
appendix A (``appendix A''), DOE notes that it is deviating from the
provision in appendix A regarding the pre-NOPR stages for a test
procedure rulemaking. Section 8(b) of appendix A states if DOE
determines that it is appropriate to continue the test procedure
rulemaking after the early assessment process, it will provide further
opportunities for early public input through Federal Register
documents, including notices of data availability and/or requests for
information. DOE is opting to deviate from this provision due to the
substantial feedback and information supplied by commenters in response
to the May 2020 RFI. As discussed in section I.B of this NOPR, the May
2020 RFI requested submission of comments, data, and information
pertinent to test procedures for consumer boilers. In response to the
May 2020 RFI, stakeholders provided substantial comments and
information, which DOE has found sufficient to identify the need to
modify the test procedures for consumer boilers.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to update appendix N to remove the
provisions applicable only to consumer boilers and to rename the
current appendix as ``Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Furnaces.'' Correspondingly, DOE proposes to create a
new test procedure at 10 CFR 430 subpart B, appendix EE, ``Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Boilers'' (``appendix
EE''). In the new appendix EE, DOE proposes to include all provisions
currently included in appendix N relevant to consumer boilers, with the
following modifications:
(1) Incorporate by reference the current revision to the applicable
industry standard, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, ``Methods of Testing for
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers.''
(2) Incorporate by reference the current revision of ASTM Standard
D2156-09 (Reapproved 2018), ``Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in
Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels.''
(3) Incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014, ``Standard
Method for Humidity Measurement.''
(4) Update the definitions to reflect the changes in ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.
DOE also proposes in this NOPR to remove the definition of outdoor
furnace or boiler from 10 CFR 430.2.
DOE's proposed actions are summarized in Table II.1 compared to the
current test procedure as well as the reason for the proposed change.
[[Page 14625]]
Table II.1--Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to
Current Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed test
Current DOE test procedure procedure Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test procedure requirements Test procedure Industry standard
based on industry standard requirements based update to ANSI/
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993. on ANSI/ASHRAE 103- ASHRAE 103-2017.
2017.
Procedure for adjusting oil- Procedure for Industry standard
fired burner references adjusting oil-fired update to ASTM
industry standard ASTM burner references D2156-09
D2156-09 (Reapproved 2013). industry standard (Reapproved 2018).
ASTM D2156-09
(Reapproved 2018).
Limits the maximum relative References ANSI/ Referenced by
humidity during certain ASHRAE 41.6 for industry standard
tests, but does not provide instructions for ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
specific instructions for measuring relative 2017, which is
how to measure relative humidity of the being proposed in
humidity. test room. this NOPR.
Includes a definition for Removes the Remove an unused
``outdoor furnace or definition for definition.
boiler'' at 10 CFR 430.2. ``outdoor furnace
or boiler''.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE tentatively determines that the proposed amendments described
in section III of this document could minimally impact the measured
efficiency of certain consumer boilers, but that if such impacts are
realized, re-testing and re-rating would not be required. DOE also
tentatively determines that the proposed test procedures improve the
representativeness of the test method and would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. Discussion of DOE's proposed actions are
addressed in detail in section III of this document.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
As discussed, in the context of ``covered products,'' EPCA includes
boilers in the definition of ``furnace.'' (42 U.S.C. 6291(23)) EPCA
defines the term ``furnace'' to mean a product which utilizes only
single-phase electric current, or single-phase electric current or DC
current in conjunction with natural gas, propane, or home heating oil,
and which: (1) Is designed to be the principal heating source for the
living space of a residence; (2) is not contained within the same
cabinet with a central air conditioner whose rated cooling capacity is
above 65,000 British thermal units (``Btu'') per hour; (3) is an
electric central furnace, electric boiler, forced-air central furnace,
gravity central furnace, or low pressure steam or hot water boiler; and
(4) has a heat input rate of less than 300,000 Btu per hour for
electric boilers and low pressure steam or hot water boilers and less
than 225,000 Btu per hour for forced-air central furnaces, gravity
central furnaces, and electric central furnaces. Id. DOE has codified
this definition in its regulations at 10 CFR 430.2.
DOE defines ``electric boiler'' as an electrically powered furnace
designed to supply low pressure steam or hot water for space heating
application. A low pressure steam boiler operates at or below 15 pounds
per square inch gauge (``psig'') steam pressure; a hot water boiler
operates at or below 160 psig water pressure and 250 degrees Fahrenheit
([deg]F) water temperature. 10 CFR 430.2.
DOE defines ``low pressure steam or hot water boiler'' as an
electric, gas or oil burning furnace designed to supply low pressure
steam or hot water for space heating application. 10 CFR 430.2. As with
an electric boiler, a low pressure steam boiler operates at or below 15
pounds psig steam pressure; a hot water boiler operates at or below 160
psig water pressure and 250 [deg]F water temperature. Id.
The scope of the test procedure for consumer boilers is specified
in section 1.0 of appendix N, which references section 2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-1993. In relevant part, section 2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 states
that the industry test standard applies to boilers \3\ with inputs less
than 300,000 Btu per hour (``Btu/h''); having gas, oil, or electric
input; and intended for use in residential applications. Further, ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 applies to equipment that utilizes single-phase
electric current or low-voltage DC current.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ ASHRAE 103-1993 defines a ``boiler'' as: A self-contained
fuel-burning or electrically heated appliance for supplying low-
pressure steam or hot water for space heating application. This
definition covers electric boilers and low-pressure steam or hot
water boilers as those terms are defined by DOE at 10 CFR 430.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether any consumer
boilers are available on the market that are covered by the scope
provision of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993, but that are not covered by the
definition of ``furnace'' as codified by DOE at 10 CFR 430.2. 85 FR
29352, 29354. DOE also requested comment on whether any consumer
boilers on the market are covered by DOE's definition of ``furnace''
that are not covered by the scope provision of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.
Id.
AHRI, Rheem, and Weil-McLain stated that air-to-water and water-to-
water heat pumps fall under the definition of ``furnace'' in the CFR,
but are not covered by the current test procedures. (AHRI, No. 6 at p.
1; Rheem, No. 9 at p. 2; Weil-McLain, No. 5 at p. 3) \4\ BHI commented
that if DOE were to regulate hydronic heat pumps, such products should
be classified as heat pumps and the boiler definition in 10 CFR 430.2
should be modified to explicitly exclude them. BHI also stated that
ASHRAE 103 is not intended to evaluate such products. (BHI, No. 11 at
p. 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ This and subsequent parentheticals parenthetical provide a
reference for information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking
to develop test procedures for consumer boilers. (Docket No. EERE-
2019-BT-TP-0037, which is maintained at www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2019-BT-TP-0037). Parenthetical references are
arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number, page
of that document).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEEA recommended that DOE add a definition for combination space
and domestic hot water boilers as the current DOE definitions are
ambiguous when it comes to the developing product category as these
products fit both the definition of consumer boiler and water heater.
NEEA also suggested that DOE adopt a test procedure referencing
industry standards ASHRAE 124 and Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
P.9, as appropriate, once the ongoing revision to ASHRAE 124 is
finalized. (NEEA, No. 10 at pp. 3-4) Rheem also recommended that DOE
consider adopting a test procedure for combination boilers. (Rheem, No.
9 at p. 2)
DOE tentatively agrees with commenters that air-to-water and water-
to-water heat pumps meet the definitional criteria to be classified as
a consumer boiler. These products utilize only single-phase electric
current, are designed to be the principal heating source for the living
space of a residence, are not contained within the
[[Page 14626]]
same cabinet with a central air conditioner whose rated cooling
capacity is above 65,000 Btu per hour, meet the definition of an
electric boiler,\5\ and have a heat input rate of less than 300,000 Btu
per hour (i.e., the requirement for electric boilers). As such they
meet the criteria of ``furnace'' as defined in 10 CFR 430.2. DOE also
tentatively agrees with commenters that the current test procedure in
appendix N does not address such products and would not provide a rated
value that is representative of the performance of these products. In
particular, the AFUE metric for electric boilers in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
1993 is calculated as 100 percent minus jacket loss.\6\ This metric
provides a representative measure of efficiency for electric boilers
using electric resistance technology, for which an efficiency value of
100 percent (the ratio of heat output to energy input) is the maximum
upper limit that technically could be achieved. The AFUE metric does
not allow for ratings greater than 100 percent for electric boilers.
However, this metric would not provide a representative or meaningful
measure of efficiency for a boiler with a heat pump supplying the heat
input, because heat pump efficiency (in terms of heat output to energy
input) typically exceeds 100 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ As discussed in section III.B of this document, ``electric
boiler'' means an electrically powered furnace designed to supply
low pressure steam or hot water for space heating application. A
low-pressure steam boiler operates at or below 15 psig steam
pressure; a hot water boiler operates at or below 160 psig water
pressure and 250 [deg]F water temperature. 10 CFR 430.2.
\6\ The term ``jacket loss'' is used by industry to mean the
transfer of heat from the outer surface (i.e., jacket) of a boiler
to the ambient air surrounding the boiler.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on a review of the market, hydronic air-to-water and water-
to-water heat pumps offered in the United States are often advertised
as competing products for consumer boilers, but typically provide
representations of energy efficiency using a Coefficient of Performance
(``COP'') metric. They are often marketed for low-temperature radiator,
floor heating, and domestic hot water applications, but also can be
marketed for use in high-temperature radiator applications.
DOE tentatively proposes to determine that hydronic air-to-water
and water-to-water heat pumps are consumer boilers under EPCA, but that
due to the lack of a Federal test procedure, such products are not
subject to the current performance standards at 10 CFR 430.32(e). DOE
identified AHRI 550/590, 2020, ``Standard for Performance Rating of
Water-Chilling and Heat Pump Water-Heating Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle'' (``AHRI 550/590''), as an industry test method that
some manufacturers use for evaluating the heating efficiency of
hydronic air-to-water and water-to-water heat pumps in terms of heating
coefficient of performance (COPH).\7\ DOE was not able to
identify any industry method for determining AFUE of such products. DOE
further notes that AFUE is defined as the efficiency descriptor for
boilers in EPCA. (See 42 U.S.C. 6291(20).)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ AHRI 550/590 is available at: www.ahrinet.org/App_Content/ahri/files/STANDARDS/AHRI/AHRI_Standard_550-590_I-P_2015_with_Errata.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE seeks comment on whether any other industry test methods exist
for determining the heating efficiency of air-to-water or water-to-
water heat pumps. DOE seeks comment specifically on AHRI 550/590, and
whether it would be appropriate for adoption as a Federal test
procedure for such products, and if so, whether modifications could be
made to result in an AFUE rating.
Regarding NEEA's comment on combination space and domestic hot
water boilers, DOE is aware that the industry standard for testing
these products (ASHRAE 124, ``Methods of Testing for Rating Combination
Space-Heating and Water-Heating Appliances'') is currently under
revision. DOE plans to further evaluate the industry test method once
it is finalized and available. DOE is not proposing a specific
definition for combination space and water heating boilers at this
time. DOE notes, however, that to the extent that a combination space
and water heating product meets the definition of electric boiler or
low pressure steam or hot water boiler, it is subject to the test
procedure at appendix N and energy conservation standards for consumer
boilers at 10 CFR 430.32(e)(2), and must be tested and rated
accordingly. DOE is unaware of any design characteristics of
combination space and water heating products that would prevent their
testing according to appendix N.
B. Definitions
In addition to the overarching definition for a furnace (which
includes boilers) and the associated definitions for ``electric
boiler'' and ``low pressure steam or hot water boiler'' presented in
section III.A of this document, DOE also has defined ``outdoor
boilers'' and ``weatherized warm air boilers'' at 10 CFR 430.2 as
follows:
Outdoor furnace or boiler is a furnace or boiler normally
intended for installation out-of-doors or in an unheated space (such as
an attic or a crawl space).
Weatherized warm air furnace or boiler means a furnace or
boiler designed for installation outdoors, approved for resistance to
wind, rain, and snow, and supplied with its own venting system.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested comment on the definitions
currently applicable to consumer boilers and whether any of these
definitions need to be revised, and if so, how. 85 FR 29352, 29355.
BWC stated that the definition for ``outdoor boiler'' \8\ should be
made more similar to ``weatherized warm air furnace or boiler'' by
adding the weather-resistant conditions, asserting that the only
difference between these two products is that a weatherized warm air
furnace or boiler requires that venting be supplied. BWC also commented
that ANSI Z21.13, ``Gas-Fired Low Pressure Steam and Hot Water
Boilers,'' does not differentiate between outdoor and weatherized
boilers. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ DOE interprets BWC's comment as referring to the definition
of ``outdoor furnace or boiler'' at 10 CFR 430.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lochinvar and CA IOUs commented that changes to the definitions are
not needed. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 1; CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4) CA IOUs
also recommended that DOE avoid any modifications to existing
definitions that would reduce the ability of the test procedure to
compare performance across products that use different technologies to
provide similar consumer utility. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4)
Regarding the definition of ``outdoor furnace or boiler,'' the
energy conservation standards for boilers at 10 CFR 430.32(e)(2)(iii)
do not distinguish between outdoor or weatherized boilers. With regard
to the test procedure, different jacket loss factors are applied based
on whether a boiler is intended to be installed indoors, outdoors, or
as an isolated combustion system. The heating seasonal efficiency
(EffyHS) calculation, which is an element of AFUE, is based
on the assumption that all weatherized boilers are located outdoors
(see section 10.1 of appendix N). Appendix N does not specify a
separate jacket loss assumption for ``outdoor furnaces or boilers.'' As
such, DOE has initially determined that the definition for ``outdoor
furnace or boiler'' is extraneous in that the boiler testing method is
described based on whether the boiler is weatherized (and thus required
to be tested under the assumption that it is intended for
[[Page 14627]]
installation outdoors), not whether it meets the definition of an
``outdoor boiler.'' For analogous reasons, the definition appears to be
extraneous with regard to consumer furnaces. Further, the definition of
``outdoor boiler'' is not used elsewhere in the test method or energy
conservation standards. For these reasons, DOE does not propose to
modify the definition for outdoor furnace or boiler and instead
proposes to remove this definition from its regulations.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to remove the definition of
``outdoor furnace or boiler'' from its regulations. DOE seeks comment
on whether removing the definition for ``outdoor furnace or boiler''
would impact the application of the test procedure or energy
conservation standards for any such products.
In addition to the definitions included in 10 CFR 430.2, section
2.0 of appendix N incorporates by reference the definitions in Section
3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993, with modifications and additions as
specified in section 2.0 of appendix N. Sections 2.1 through 2.13 of
appendix N provide additional definitions relevant to the consumer
boilers test procedure.
DOE requested comment on whether the definitions for consumer
boilers in section 2.0 through section 2.13 of appendix N, including
those from ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 that are incorporated by reference, are
still appropriate or whether amendments are needed. 85 FR 29352, 29355.
Lochinvar and Weil McLain stated that the definitions in ASHRAE
103-1993 and the CFR are still adequate and/or do not require changes.
(Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 2; Weil McLain, No. 5 at p. 3) BWC stated that
the definition listed in 10 CFR 430.2 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
definitions as being appropriate. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 2) The CA IOUs
recommended that DOE make no changes to the current definitions for
consumer boilers in the code and that the current definitions
adequately cover these products for the purpose of performing the DOE
test procedure. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4)
As discussed in section III.C of this document, DOE is proposing to
incorporate by reference the most recent version of ASHRAE 103: ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017. DOE is proposing minor modifications to the
definitions in appendix N to account for the inclusion of several
definitions in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 that were not included ANSI/ASHRAE
103-1993. Specifically, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 includes definitions for
``air intake terminal,'' ``control,'' and ``isolated combustion
system'' that are not in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993. The definitions for
``control'' and ``isolated combustion system'' in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
are almost identical as currently defined in sections 2.3 and 2.7 of
appendix N, respectively. Therefore, DOE proposes to remove those two
definitions from the consumer boiler test procedure in the CFR, as they
would be redundant with the definitions incorporated by reference
through ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to incorporate by reference the
definitions in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and to remove the definitions for
``control'' and ``isolated combustions system'' from the consumer
boiler test procedure at appendix N accordingly.
As discussed further in section III.D of this document, DOE is
proposing to move the consumer boiler testing provisions from appendix
N to a proposed new appendix EE and maintain the consumer furnace test
provisions in appendix N. The proposed changes to definitions, if made
final, would be applicable only to the test procedure for consumer
boilers in proposed new appendix EE.
C. Metric
As discussed, the energy conservation standards for consumer
boilers rely on the AFUE metric. 10 CFR 430.32(e)(2). For gas-fired and
oil-fired boilers, AFUE accounts for fossil fuel consumption in active,
standby, and off modes, but does not include electrical energy
consumption. For electric boilers, AFUE accounts for electrical energy
consumption in active mode. EPCA defines the term ``annual fuel
utilization efficiency,'' in part, as meaning the efficiency descriptor
for furnaces and boilers. (42 U.S.C. 6291(20)). In addition, separate
metrics for power consumption during standby mode and off mode
(PW,SB and PW,OFF, respectively) are used to
regulate standby mode and off mode energy consumption. 10 CFR
430.32(e)(2)(iii)(B).
AFUE is defined by ASHRAE 103 (both the 1993 and 2017 version) as
the ratio of annual output energy to annual input energy, which
includes any non-heating-season pilot input loss, but, for gas- or oil-
fired furnaces or boilers, does not include electric energy. For gas-
and oil-fired boilers, the AFUE test generally consists of steady-
state, cool down, and heat up tests, during which various measurements
are taken (e.g., flue gas temperature, concentration of CO2
in the flue gas). (See Sections 9.1, 9.5, and 9.6, respectively, of
both ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.) For condensing
boilers, condensate collection tests during steady state and cyclic
operation are also specified. (See Sections 9.2 and 9.8 of both ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.) The test measurements are
used in conjunction with certain assumptions, to calculate the AFUE.
(See Section 11 of both ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.)
Energy Kinetics provided comments pertaining to the AFUE metric,
including suggestions of how it could be made more representative of
field performance. Energy Kinetics asserted that oversizing is not
accurately reflected in AFUE; specifically, that the 0.7 oversize
factor in the AFUE test method is too low, and that a more
representative oversize factor would be a value of 3 to 4.\9\ Energy
Kinetics further asserted that AFUE does not appropriately account for
idle losses and provided an example of a boiler with an AFUE of 83.5
percent and idle loss of 4.87 percent that the commenter argued would
consume 63 percent more fuel than a boiler with an AFUE of 87.5 percent
and an idle loss of 0.15 percent. (Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ The oversize factor is applied to account for the typical
practice of sizing a boiler such that the heating capacity exceeds
the heating load. In ASHRAE 103-1993, for non-modulating boilers the
oversize factor is assigned as a national average value of 0.7, and
for modulating boilers the oversize factor is calculated based on
the ratio of the heating capacity to the average design heating
requirement. In ASHRAE 103-2017, the oversize factor at the maximum
input rate is assigned as 0.7 for both modulating and non-modulating
models.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy Kinetics suggested that DOE change from the AFUE metric to a
combination of a thermal efficiency metric and an idle loss metric. The
commenter argued that both AFUE and thermal efficiency are closely
aligned to steady-state efficiency, but thermal efficiency is a faster
and easier test to perform and is currently used in commercial boiler
testing. Energy Kinetics suggested that idle loss could either be
measured or a prescribed value to foster innovation and recognize
better performing systems, while also simultaneously reducing test
burden. (Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 2)
Energy Kinetics stated that AFUE does not account for the impact of
energy savings controls, which prevents comparisons of the performance
of various types of boilers and controls. Energy Kinetics stated that
AFUE assumes that the boiler is in the conditioned space and that any
heat lost from the boiler is gained in the conditioned space; and
asserted that in practice this heat is wasted in basements, up
chimneys, and out draft hoods and draft regulators. Energy
[[Page 14628]]
Kinetics also argued that for combined heat and hot water boilers in
the conditioned space, heat lost in summer while heating domestic water
should have an impact on air conditioning cooling loads. Energy
Kinetics asserted that AFUE does not apply to boilers that provide both
space heating and domestic hot water. The commenter also asserted that
use of AFUE for both boilers and furnaces creates the false implication
that the products can be compared, but that they cannot be compared due
to differences in distribution losses. (Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 2)
As noted previously, EPCA defines AFUE as the efficiency descriptor
for boilers. (42 U.S.C. 6291(20)) Therefore, DOE must use AFUE as the
efficiency metric for boilers and cannot change to thermal efficiency
and idle loss as suggested by Energy Kinetics. Further, EPCA prescribes
a design requirement that hot water boilers must include an automatic
means for adjusting water temperature, which will limit idle losses and
reduce the potential for energy savings from further accounting for
such losses as a separate metric or within the AFUE metric. (42 U.S.C.
6295(f)(3)(A)-(B)) Idle loss could be further addressed in the context
of AFUE as opposed to evaluating a separate metric. At present time,
DOE does not have sufficient data to propose prescribed values that
would address idle loss. DOE seeks further comment from interested
parties regarding whether idle losses could be better reflected in the
test method. For the reasons discussed, DOE is not proposing to adopt
an idle loss or thermal efficiency metric, or to incorporate a specific
test for idle loss in the AFUE test method at this time.
Regarding the other issues identified with the AFUE metric, DOE
notes that certain control systems, such as modulating burner control
systems, are accounted for in the test procedure with specific
instructions regarding how such units should be tested. (See, for
example, sections 7.4 and 10.1 of appendix N, which provide specific
instructions for testing and calculating AFUE of modulating boilers.)
As discussed in the preceding paragraph, other control systems, such as
an automatic means for adjusting water temperature, are required by
prescriptive standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(f)(3)(A)-(B)); 10 CFR
430.32(e)(2)(iii)(A). Energy Kinetics did not provide specific comments
or recommendations regarding what additional control systems should be
accounted for. DOE is not proposing additional changes related to
controls.
Regarding the assumption that boilers are installed indoors, DOE
notes that EPCA states that AFUE for boilers that are not weatherized
is determined based on the assumption that they are located within the
heated space. (See 42 U.S.C. 6291(20)(C).) Regarding boilers that
provide both space heating and domestic hot water, DOE notes that such
products can be tested separately for AFUE for space heating and for
their water heating performance under the DOE test methods for water
heaters. As discussed in section III.A of this document, an industry
test method for combined heating and domestic hot water boiler systems
(ASHRAE 124) is currently under revision, and DOE plans to evaluate the
industry test method further once it is finalized and available.
Lastly, regarding both boilers and furnaces using AFUE, DOE notes that
EPCA prescribes AFUE as the metric for both furnaces and boilers. (See
42 U.S.C. 6291(20)).
D. Updates to Industry Standards
As discussed, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 is referenced throughout
appendix N for various testing requirements pertaining to determination
of the AFUE of consumer boilers. Appendix N also references certain
sections of IEC 62301 (Second Edition) for determining the electrical
standby mode and off mode energy consumption, and ASTM D2156-09
(Reapproved 2013) for adjusting oil burners. DOE noted in the May 2020
RFI that in the case of IEC 62301, the version of the standard that is
currently incorporated by reference is still the most recent version;
and in the case of ASTM D2156-09, the most recent iteration of the
standard is a version reapproved in 2018 that did not contain any
changes from the 2009 version. 85 FR 29352, 29355. DOE did not receive
any comments pertaining to its incorporation by reference of IEC 62301
or ASTM D2156-09 and continues to view these as the appropriate
standards to reference. DOE proposes to maintain the current reference
to IEC 62301, and to update the reference to ASTM D2156-09 to reflect
the version that was reapproved in 2018.
As discussed, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 provides procedures for
determining the AFUE of consumer boilers (and furnaces). As mentioned
previously, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 has been updated multiple times since
1993. In the rulemaking that culminated in the January 2016 final rule,
DOE initially proposed to incorporate by reference the most recent
version of ANSI/ASHRAE 103 available at the time (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2007), but ultimately declined to adopt the proposal in the final
rule based on concerns about the impact that changing to ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2007 would have on AFUE ratings of products distributed in commerce
at that time. 81 FR 2628, 2632-2633 (Jan. 15, 2016). DOE stated that
further evaluation was needed to determine the potential impacts of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2007 on the measured AFUE of boilers. Id. DOE theorized
that ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2007 might better account for the operation of
two-stage and modulating products and stated that the Department may
further investigate adopting it or a successor test procedure in the
future. Id.
After the January 2016 final rule, ANSI/ASHRAE 103 was again
updated to the current version (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017). In the May
2020 RFI, DOE identified several substantive differences between ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 that pertain to consumer
boilers and requested further comment on the differences between ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. 85 FR 29352, 29355. These
differences included that:
1. ASHRAE 103-2017 includes calculations for determining the
average on-time and off-time per cycle for two-stage and modulating
boilers, rather than assigning fixed values as in ASHRAE 103-1993;
2. ASHRAE 103-2017 includes calculations for the part-load at
maximum and reduced fuel input rates of condensing two-stage and
modulating boilers when the heat up and cool down tests are omitted
as per section 9.10, while ASHRAE 103-1993 does not include these
calculations; \10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ DOE published a final rule in the Federal Register on July
10, 2013, that added equations to appendix N to calculate the part-
load efficiencies at the maximum input rate and reduced input rates
for two-stage and modulating condensing furnaces and boilers when
the manufacturer chooses to omit the heat-up and cool-down tests
under the test procedure. 78 FR 41265. The equations in ASHRAE 103-
2017 are identical to those in appendix N.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ASHRAE 103-2017 increases post-purge time from less than 5
seconds in ASHRAE 103-1993 to less than or equal to 30 seconds for
determining whether section 9.10, ``Optional Test Procedures for
Conducting Furnaces and Boilers that have no OFF-Period Flue Loss,''
is applicable for units with no measurable airflow through the
combustion chamber during the burner off-period, and it also makes
the application for the default draft factor values in section 9.10
a requirement rather than optional;
4. ASHRAE 103-2017 changes the method for determining national
average burner operating hours (BOH), average annual fuel energy
consumption (EF), and average annual auxiliary electrical energy
consumption (EAE), especially for two-stage and modulating products,
based on a 2002 study from NIST.
Id.
[[Page 14629]]
DOE requested information on whether any differences not identified
by DOE in the May 2020 RFI would impact the consumer boiler test
procedure. Id.
BWC stated that the only difference between ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993
and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 is for the indoor air temperature requirements
and noted that the 1993 version of the standard specifies a temperature
of 70 [deg]F, while the 2017 version simply references the actual
indoor air temperature. (BWC, No. 4 at p. 2) BWC further stated that it
believes this difference accounts for only slight changes in
calculation with little to no added burden in the test procedure. (BWC,
No. 4 at p. 2) Lochinvar identified a change that was not discussed in
the RFI, which is that the oversize factor for non-condensing,
modulating boilers has been changed from being calculated based on the
design heating requirement (``DHR'') to a constant oversize factor of
0.7. Lochinvar also explained that the constant oversize factor removes
variations based on where the boiler outputs fall in the ADHR ranges
and is more representative and provides more consistent AFUE results
across the range of boiler output capacities. (Lochinvar, No. 8, at p.
2)
While DOE acknowledges the change discussed by BWC, in that the
equations in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 refer to the indoor air temperature
as the variable ``TIA,'' rather than defined as ``70,'' DOE
notes that Section 11.2.10.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 defines
TIA as 70 [deg]F, the ``assumed average indoor air
temperature.'' Therefore, the use of TIA in place of ``70''
in subsequent sections of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 is equivalent to the use
of ``70'' in each analogous equation in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.
DOE also acknowledges the change identified by Lochinvar, and notes
that this change resolves in part an issue with the calculations for
modulating, condensing models in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993. In the May 2020
RFI, DOE discussed that the calculations in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 either
rely on certain values calculated for non-condensing, non-modulating
boilers to determine the AFUE of condensing, modulating boilers, or
result in a circular reference. 85 FR 29352, 29357. Changing the
oversize factor to a constant 0.7 for condensing, modulating boilers,
rather than basing it on an equation, appears to partially, but not
fully, resolve the potential circular reference in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017. In further reviewing the calculations in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017,
DOE interprets them to rely on certain values calculated for non-
condensing, non-modulating boilers to determine the AFUE of condensing,
modulating boilers to avoid a circular reference.
Specifically, the issue arises within the calculation of steady
state efficiencies at maximum and minimum input rate, which depends in
part on the steady-state heat loss due to condensate going down the
drain at the maximum and reduced input rates. (See Section 11.5.7.3 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, which refers to Section 11.3.7.3.) The steady-
state heat loss due to condensate going down the drain at the maximum
and minimum input rates is calculated in part based on the national
average outdoor air temperature at the maximum and minimum input rates.
(See Section 11.5.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, which refers to Section
11.3.7.2.) The national average outdoor air temperatures at the maximum
and minimum input rates are both a function of the balance point
temperature. (See Section 11.5.8.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, which
refers to Section 11.4.8.3.) The balance point temperature is
calculated based on the oversize factor at maximum input rate (which
is, as discussed previously, a constant value in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017)
and the ratio of the heating capacity at the minimum input rate to the
heating capacity at the maximum input rate. (See Section 11.5.8.4 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, which references Section 11.4.8.4.) The heating
capacities at the minimum and maximum input rates are calculated based
in part on the steady-state efficiencies at minimum and maximum input
rates, respectively. (See Section 11.5.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017,
which references Section 11.4.8.1.) If the calculations were
interpreted to refer back to the steady-state efficiencies at minimum
and maximum input rates for a modulating, condensing model, as
determined by Section 11.5.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, a circular
reference would result. However, since there is no specific instruction
to use the values as calculated by Section 11.5.7.2, DOE interprets
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 to instead instruct that the steady-state
efficiency at maximum and reduced input rates be determined as
specified in Section 11.4.8.1, which refers to Section 11.4.7, which in
turn refers to Section 11.2.7 for the calculation of steady-state
efficiency for non-condensing, non-modulating boilers. The steady-state
efficiencies at maximum and minimum input calculated using Section
11.2.7 can then be used to obtain values for output capacities at the
maximum and reduced input, which are needed to calculate the balance
point temperature, the average outdoor air temperature at maximum and
minimum input, and finally the heat loss due to condensate going down
the drain at maximum and minimum input rates. DOE proposes to add
provisions to clarify the approach for calculating steady-state
efficiencies at maximum and minimum input rates for condensing,
modulating boilers using ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
DOE seeks comment on its proposal to clarify the calculation of
steady-state efficiencies at maximum and minimum input rates for
condensing, modulating boilers using ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
DOE also considered the impact of the change in oversize factor
from a calculated value to a constant value. DOE analysis suggests that
changing the oversize factor from being determined by an equation to
being specified as a constant value of 0.7 is unlikely to have a
substantive impact on AFUE ratings, as DOE calculations indicate the
AFUE value is not particularly sensitive to changes in the oversize
factor value. For example, DOE reviewed test data for three modulating,
condensing boilers and found that the change in oversize factor from a
calculated value, as specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993, to 0.7 changed
the AFUE rating by 0.01 AFUE percentage points or less for all 3
models. DOE also examined more extreme scenarios for these boilers, in
which DOE assigned oversize factors from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of
1.31 and found that the resulting AFUE values differed by only up to
0.07 AFUE percentage points as compared to the AFUE with the assigned
0.7 oversize factor, and only up to 0.13 AFUE percentage points when
comparing the AFUE result at the upper and lower bounds. These minimum
and maximum oversize factors correspond to the minimum and maximum
values that would result from calculation based on the procedure for
determining these values in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 (i.e., heating
capacity divided by design heating requirement minus one; see Section
11.4.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993).
As such, DOE is proposing to adopt the constant 0.7 oversize factor
through incorporation by reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
Accordingly, DOE is also proposing to remove calculation requirements
corresponding to multiple degrees of oversizing.
DOE also requested information on whether the differences between
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 identified in the May
2020 RFI would impact the measured AFUE,
[[Page 14630]]
and if so, DOE requested test data demonstrating the degree of such
impact. DOE also requested comment on whether the updates to ANSI/
ASHRAE 103 are appropriate for adoption in the Federal test procedure
for consumer boilers, whether the changes would allow for more
representative energy efficiency ratings, and whether the changes would
increase test burden. 85 FR 29352, 29355-29356.
AHRI, Rheem, BWC, Lochinvar, CA IOUs, and NEEA supported updating
the test procedure to incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
(AHRI, No. 6 at p. 3; Rheem, No. 9 at p. 3; BWC, No. 4 at p. 2;
Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 5; NEEA, No. 10 at p. 1)
AHRI, Rheem, and Lochinvar encouraged DOE to gather data on whether the
differences between the 1993 and 2017 versions of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993
would impact measured AFUE. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 3 ; Rheem, No. 9 at p.
3; Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 2)
AHRI stated that it does not believe that adopting the 2017 edition
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103 would significantly affect the efficiency ratings or
change the test burden. AHRI commented that members did not have
sufficient time to reliably assess the impact on measure efficiency and
encouraged DOE to generate data to determine if adopting ASHRAE 103-
2017 would have any effect on the appliance efficiency rating. (AHRI,
No. 6 at p. 3) Similarly, Rheem stated that it does not believe that
adopting the 2017 edition of the ANSI/ASHRAE 103 would significantly
affect the efficiency ratings, although retesting existing models to
the new edition would temporarily increase the test burden. (Rheem, No.
9 at p. 3) The CA IOUs also stated that it believed that ASHRAE 103-
2017 is more representative of typical operation for two-stage,
modulating, and condensing boiler technologies and that updating to
this standard should not create significant additional burden, as the
majority of changes are reflected in the calculation methodology rather
than the test procedure. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 5)
Lochinvar asserted that the testing methods in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
represent a significant improvement as compared to those referenced by
DOE in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 for residential boilers, and cited the use
of calculated values rather than referencing graphs, more realistic on-
and off-cycle times, and the uniform oversize factor regardless of
output rate as providing a more representative average use cycle and
more repeatable results. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 2) Lochinvar stated
that updating to the 2017 version may result in variations of up to 0.5
percent AFUE in either direction for any given model. (Id.) Lochinvar
also stated that it does not believe that referencing ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 would change the measured efficiency enough to result in
substantially different efficiency ratings as compared to those
currently certified, and, therefore, does not believe that retesting
would be necessary if the referenced industry standard were updated.
(Id. at pp. 2-3)
BHI tentatively supported updating to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, with
the caveat that it has not fully studied the impacts of the potential
changes. BHI also requested that DOE provide industry with a set of
sample calculations for each type of boiler covered by the standard, if
DOE adopts ASHRAE 103-2017, to ensure that everyone is operating from
identical methods of calculating AFUE or provide industry with a vetted
software tool. (BHI, No. 11 at p. 2)
NEEA stated that an update to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 would better
capture the performance of two stage and modulating units. (NEEA, No.
10 at pp. 1-2) NEEA explained that while the update my affect AFUE
ratings, the revised ratings will better reflect annual energy
performance leading to a more accurate representation of boiler energy
use. Id.
Weil McLain recommended against updating to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017,
arguing that the 1993 version of ASHRAE 103 is still appropriate and
that the resulting increases in accuracy and resolution of the test
method would not increase the accuracy of the test procedure due to the
reporting of AFUE to the tenth of a percent, nor would be worth the
burden of changing the test procedure. (Weil McLain, No. 5 at p. 3)
In this rulemaking, DOE evaluated whether the differences between
the 1993 and 2017 editions of ASHRAE 103 would result in differences in
the measured AFUE.
DOE's preliminary review of prior test data has indicated a
potential for difference in AFUE for certain units, specifically two-
stage or modulating models, due to the changes to the cycle times
between the two editions. In the development of the January 2016 final
rule, DOE conducted preliminary testing to examine the impacts of the
changes in cycle times between the 1993 and 2007 editions of ASHRAE
103, which are comparable to the changes between the 1993 and 2017
editions of ASHRAE 103. 81 FR 2628, 2633. Data collected for the
January 2016 final rule for three models of condensing, modulating
boilers showed that the changes in on-cycle and off-cycle times
resulted in changes in AFUE of 0.11, -0.50, and 0.22 percent,
respectively. For two models of non-condensing, modulating boilers,
calculating the AFUE based on the on-cycle and off-cycle times in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2007 changed the AFUE by 0.11 and -0.14 percent,
respectively.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ These data were presented at a public meeting for the March
11, 2015 NOPR pertaining to test procedures for furnaces and boilers
and can be found at: www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2012-BT-TP-0024-0021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, AHRI submitted data for testing it had conducted in
response to the changes proposed in a test procedure NOPR for consumer
furnaces and boilers that was published by DOE on March 11, 2015 (80 FR
12876). The data from AHRI, in relevant part, examined the change in
AFUE resulting from using ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2007 as compared to ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 for three units. The data showed changes in AFUE of -
0.05 percent for a non-condensing, modulating unit, and -0.03 and 0.23
percent for two condensing, modulating units. (See EERE-2012-BT-TP-
0024-0036 at p. 10)
In reviewing ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
1993, DOE tentatively concludes that the improvements included in ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017 provide a more representative average use cycle for
consumer boilers, and in particular, for two-stage and modulating
boilers. Specifically, DOE expects that the use of calculated values
rather than referencing graphs, the specification of more
representative on- and off-cycle times, and the specification of a
constant oversize factor regardless of output rate would improve the
results obtained from ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE
103-1993.
Therefore, DOE proposes to update the reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 103
in the test procedure for consumer boilers to the 2017 edition. DOE
tentatively concludes that a change from ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 to ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017 would not materially alter the burden or cost of
conducting an AFUE test. Additional details on DOE's assessment of the
burden associated with this proposed change are in section III.G.1 of
this document. DOE is proposing changes only with respect to consumer
boilers, and not for consumer furnaces. DOE is not proposing to amend
the reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 for the provisions applicable to
consumer furnaces. As discussed, to implement this change for boilers
only, DOE proposes to move the test provisions for consumer boilers to
a new appendix, appendix EE, ``Uniform
[[Page 14631]]
Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Boilers.''
Corresponding to the updated industry standard, DOE proposes to
make several modifications in the proposed new appendix EE as compared
to the current test method in appendix N. As discussed in section III.B
of this document, DOE proposes to remove from new appendix EE
definitions for ``control'' and ``isolated combustion system,'' as
these definitions are included in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. DOE also
proposes to remove the sections for calculating part-load efficiency at
reduced and maximum fuel input rates (currently sections 10.2 and 10.3
in appendix N) from proposed new appendix EE. These sections were
initially adopted by DOE because ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 did not provide
calculations for the scenario allowed under section 9.10 of ASHRAE 103
(which is included in both the 1993 and 2017 versions), in which the
heat up and cool down tests can be optionally skipped provided that
certain criteria are met. ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 added equations to
address that scenario that are identical to those previously adopted by
DOE, rendering those sections duplicative. DOE is also proposing minor
changes to the test method for models with post-purge times longer than
3 minutes, consistent with the updates included in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017. DOE is also proposing changes to the calculations in section 10,
consistent with changes in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. DOE notes that
appendix N includes certain clarifications to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993
(e.g., to specify a reference to a manufacturer's I&O manual rather
than a manufacturer recommendation), and DOE proposes to maintain those
clarifications in new appendix EE to the extent they apply to ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017.
As discussed earlier in this section, test data indicate that the
update to the 2017 edition of ASHRAE 103 could result in changes to the
measured AFUE of two-stage and modulating boilers ranging from -0.50
percent to 0.23 percent, with no discernable trend in the direction or
magnitude of change. DOE also notes that several commenters indicated
that incorporating ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 would likely not significantly
impact rated values.
DOE seeks further comment on its proposal to update the
incorporation by reference of ASHRAE 103 to the most recent version
(i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017) and in particular the potential impact on
ratings and whether retesting would be required.
E. Test Procedure Requirements
1. Ambient Conditions
The current consumer boilers test procedure specifies that the
ambient air temperature during testing must be between 65 [deg]F and
100 [deg]F for non-condensing boilers, and between 65 [deg]F and 85
[deg]F for condensing boilers. See section 7.0 of appendix N and
Section 8.5.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993. In addition, the relative
humidity cannot exceed 80 percent during condensate measurement.
Section 8.0 of appendix N and 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested comment and data on the effects
of ambient temperature and relative humidity on AFUE results, whether
the current ranges of allowable conditions adversely impact the
representativeness of AFUE values or repeatability of AFUE testing, and
whether a narrower range of allowable ambient conditions would increase
testing burden. 85 FR 29352, 29356.
AHRI and Rheem encouraged DOE to defer to the ambient conditions
specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and stated that any changes would
mainly impact condensing models. (AHRI, No. 6, at p. 4; Rheem, No. 9 at
p. 3) Lochinvar stated that the prior record and DOE conclusions
pertaining to ambient temperature ranges and relative humidity limits
remain valid and that further revisions are not necessary. (Lochinvar,
No. 8 at p. 3) Lochinvar also asserted that tightening ambient
condition tolerances could disproportionately impact small businesses,
as they are less likely to be able to absorb the costs of equipment to
maintain such ambient conditions. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 6) Weil
McLain and BHI also supported the use of industry consensus test
procedures and recommended maintaining the range of operating
conditions established in industry standards. (Weil McLain, No. 5 at p.
4; BHI, No. 11 at p. 2)
CA IOUs recommended that DOE narrow the range of allowable ambient
temperature to between 55 [deg]F and 75 [deg]F during the test, with a
tolerance of 2 [deg]F, to better represent field
conditions. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4) NEEA also recommended that DOE
update ambient and combustion air temperatures to better reflect real
world conditions that exist in basements, garages, or semi-conditioned
spaces and operate during winter months when temperatures are colder.
(NEEA, No. 10 at p. 2) Specifically, NEEA suggested limiting the range
of ambient air temperatures to be reflective of temperatures in spaces
where consumer boilers are likely to be installed; limiting the range
of combustion air temperatures to reflect the likely conditioners
boilers will see (i.e. reflective of the outside air temperature for
condensing products; and limit the range of allowable conditions
overall to reduce the opportunities for gaming the test procedure and
ensure consistency of ratings across multiple tested products. (NEEA,
No. 10 at p. 2) NEEA explained that the ambient air temperature and the
combustion air temperature are likely to affect the boiler's
performance and will affect radiation and convection losses and
combustion efficiency, respectively. (NEEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
In the January 2016 final rule, DOE investigated concerns regarding
the ambient air temperature and humidity ranges allowed by the test
method. 81 FR 2628, 2638. In that rulemaking, some commenters raised
concerns that the wide range of allowable ambient conditions could
impact test results, and that the ranges were initially developed based
on laboratory conditions that are now outdated, (i.e., more closely
controlled conditions may now be achievable). Id. DOE had tested one
non-condensing boiler at several ambient conditions and found that the
effects on AFUE were not statistically significant. DOE also conducted
a series of eight AFUE tests on a condensing, modulating unit and found
that the variations in AFUE could not be definitively attributed to
changes in ambient conditions based on the data. 80 FR 12875, 12890
(Mar. 11, 2015) Therefore, DOE did not propose to update the ambient
conditions in the NOPR that preceded the January 2016 final rule and
stated in the January 2016 final rule that the impact of ambient
conditions on AFUE values warranted further study, but that DOE did not
have adequate data to justify changing the test procedure to narrow the
ambient temperature or humidity ranges. Id.
In response to that NOPR, and again in response to the May 2020
RFI, BHI provided test data for a single condensing boiler which showed
a change in AFUE of 1.3 percent when the relative humidity was changed
from approximately 30 percent to 70 percent. BHI did not support
changing the ambient temperature or humidity limitations in ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017, stating in response to the May 2020 RFI that minimal changes
should be made to industry standards. (BHI, No. 11 at pp. 2, 11 \12\)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ See also Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-TP-0024-0035 at p. 7.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
After considering these comments and test data, DOE tentatively
concludes that it lacks sufficient evidence to determine
[[Page 14632]]
that ambient conditions affect AFUE to the extent that a model tested
under different ambient conditions within the current allowable bounds
of the test method could have significantly different AFUE ratings.
Although BHI provided test data for a single unit showing a difference,
DOE notes that DOE's previous test data, obtained from multiple units,
did not indicate conclusively that ambient test conditions within the
current bounds cause substantive differences in AFUE. Therefore, DOE is
not proposing to change the ambient test condition requirements.
2. Combustion Airflow Settings
In the course of the rulemaking for the January 2016 final rule, to
provide for greater consistency in burner airflow settings during
testing, DOE proposed specifying that the excess air ratio, flue oxygen
(``O2'') percentage, or flue carbon dioxide
(``CO2'') percentage be within the middle 30th percentile of
the acceptable range specified in the I&O manual. 80 FR 12876, 12883,
12906 (Mar. 11, 2015). In absence of a specified range in the I&O
manual, DOE proposed requiring the combustion airflow to be adjusted to
provide between 6.9 percent and 7.1 percent dry flue gas O2,
or the lowest dry flue gas O2 percentage that produces a
stable flame, no carbon deposits, and an air-free flue gas carbon
monoxide (``CO'') ratio below 400 parts per million (``ppm'') during
the steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2007,
whichever is higher. 80 FR 12876, 12906. However, after considering
comments regarding the representativeness of the proposal and the
potential impact on rated AFUE, DOE determined that further study was
needed to determine how such changes would impact AFUE ratings. 81 FR
2628, 2636.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether more specific
instructions for setting the excess air ratio, flue O2
percentage, and/or flue CO2 percentage should be provided in
the consumer boilers test procedure, and if so, what those instructions
should entail. 85 FR 29352, 29356. DOE was particularly interested in
understanding whether such a change would improve the
representativeness of the test method, and whether it would impact test
burden.
AHRI suggested that for boilers with manually adjustable airflows,
the CO2 level be set to within 0.1 percent of the
CO2 level, if specified, or within 0.2 percent of the
maximum if a range is given. In addition, the commenters recommended
that flue CO levels be maintained below 400 ppm and, for oil boilers,
that the smoke level not exceed smoke spot number 1 as measured by ASTM
D-2156.\13\ The commenters suggested that if those conditions are not
met at the CO2 levels described above, then the highest
possible CO2 level that meets the CO and smoke criteria (as
applicable) should be used. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 4) Rheem explained that
more specific instructions for setting the excess air ratio, the flue
O2 level, and/or the flue CO2 level should be
added to the test procedure. Rheem further stated its support for the
proposed language included with AHRI's comments. (Rheem, No. 9 at p. 3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Section 3.1.1 of ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) defines ``smoke spot
number, n'' as the number of the spot on the standard scale most
closely matching the color (or shade) of the test spot. In section
4, ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) summarizes the test method for determining
the smoke spot number as follows: A test smoke spot is obtained by
pulling a fixed volume of flue gas through a fixed area of standard
filter paper. The color (or shade) of the spot thus produced is
visually matched with a standard scale, and the smoke density is
expressed as a ``smoke spot number.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
BWC stated that the AHRI residential boiler certification program
operations manual sufficiently addresses setup and adjustment of
O2 and CO2 and urged DOE to harmonize the Federal
test procedure with these instructions in the AHRI operations manual.
BWC explained that it would be more representative of how boilers will
be setup and operate in the field. BWC stated that, for premix boilers,
when O2 and CO2 values are not listed in the
setup instructions the current test procedure requires conducting the
tests at the CO air-free (COAF) limit, which is unrepresentative of
manufacturer-recommended field setup, and could lead to inaccurate AFUE
ratings. BWC stated that it believes capturing the original
CO2 level the unit was set at during its initial
certification would provide greater consistency to test results. (BWC,
No. 4 at p. 2)
Lochinvar suggested that, for boilers with adjustable combustion
airflow, the CO2 should be set to either the I&O manual
specification or, if a range is specified, to the upper limit of the
range. If no CO2 setting is specified, Lochinvar suggested
testing in the as-found condition. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 3) Lochinvar
also recommended the following requirements be added to the test
method: (1) For oil or power gas burner units with natural or induced
draft, the draft in the firebox be as specified in the manufacturer's
I&O instructions; (2) on forced draft or pressure-fired boilers, the
pressure at the vent connection be as specified in the manufacturer's
I&O instructions, or when a range of pressure is provided combustion
shall be set to the recommended pressure that results in the highest
CO2; (3) when tests are required at reduced input rates and
I&O instructions include instruction for adjusting the air/fuel ratio,
firebox pressure, or vent pressure at the minimum firing rate, the
adjustments shall be made as specified in the previous paragraphs but
to the values provided for the minimum firing rate, or otherwise, no
adjustments to the air/fuel ratio, firebox pressure or vent pressure at
the minimum firing rate shall be made; and (4) no firebox or vent
pressure adjustments shall be made to outdoor boilers. (Lochinvar No. 8
at pp. 3-4)
CA IOUs requested that DOE add explicit guidelines for flue
O2, CO2, or excess air ratios, but did not
provide specific suggestions. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 5) BHI expressed
concern that the addition of CO2 adjustment requirements
would create significant burden in the form of requiring existing
boilers to be retested, and that this change would result in
significant reductions in AFUE ratings across the market. BHI
recommended that if DOE elects to make this change, conditions similar
to those recommended by AHRI should be adopted. (BHI, No. 11 at p. 3)
Weil McLain also expressed concern with the adoption of a
requirement for CO2 during testing for boilers with manually
adjustable airflow, asserting that it could introduce an advantage or
disadvantage to this product type relative to others that serve the
same market (i.e., including more combustion property requirements on
one category of regulated product and not all gas-fired categories of
regulated products), and may limit technologies and future enhancements
in the field of combustion science. Weil-McLain stated that if the DOE
pursues this topic, it recommended that DOE take a combustion
technology neutral position by recognizing that: (A) Increasing the
combustion CO2 is ultimately constrained by a corresponding
increase in the percentage of CO in the flue products and (B) there are
gas-fired appliances for which the CO2 is designed into the
combustion system and require physically changing or modifying
components to change the CO2. Weil-McLain instead
recommended establishing a limit of 400 ppm of CO on an air-free basis
without additional constraints on combustion products for gas-fired
appliances with the ability to adjust the CO2. (Weil McLain,
No. 5 at pp. 4-5)
[[Page 14633]]
After considering these comments, DOE tentatively concludes that it
lacks sufficient data and information to indicate that establishing a
requirement for setting the excess air ratio, flue O2
percentage, and/or flue CO2 percentage would provide ratings
that are more representative than the ratings provided under the
current approach. Therefore, DOE has tentatively determined to maintain
the current test procedure and is not proposing to establish a
requirement for setting the excess air ratio, flue O2
percentage, and/or flue CO2 percentage.
3. Input Rates for Step Modulating Boilers
Appendix N includes a number of specific provisions for consumer
boilers with step modulating controls. Boilers with step modulating
controls are capable of operating at reduced input rates (i.e., less
than that maximum nameplate input rate) and gradually or incrementally
increasing or decreasing the input rate as needed to meet the heating
load. The test procedure currently requires step modulating boilers to
be tested at the maximum rate and a minimum (i.e., ``reduced'') input
rate for the steady-state test (referencing Section 9.1 of ASRHAE 103-
1993), the reduced input rate for the cool-down test (referencing
Section 9.5.2.4 of ASRHAE 103-1993), and the reduced input rate for the
heat-up test (referencing Section 9.6.2.1 of ASRHAE 103-1993). In
addition, both the optional tracer gas test and the measurement of
condensate under cyclic conditions, when conducted, are performed at
the reduced input rate (referencing Sections 9.7.5 and 9.8 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993, respectively). ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 contains the same
input rate requirements for modulating boilers as ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.
In the May 2020 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether the existing
provisions for testing step modulating boilers appropriately reflect
the performance of such boilers. If not, DOE sought specific
recommendations on the changes that would be necessary to make the test
procedure more representative for such products. 85 FR 29352, 29357.
AHRI, Rheem, BWC, and Weil McLain commented that the current
federal test procedure for modulating units is representative and
appropriate. (AHRI No. 6 at p. 5; Rheem, No. 9 at p. 4; BWC, No. 4 at
p. 2; Weil McLain, No. 5 at p. 5)
Based on the comments received and absent information to the
contrary, DOE is not proposing changes for step modulating units to
account for operation at any additional input rates beyond those
already specified by the test procedure.
4. Return Water Temperature
The test procedure at appendix N currently requires a nominal
return water temperature of 120 [deg]F to 124 [deg]F for non-condensing
boilers and 120 [deg]F 2 [deg]F for condensing boilers.
(See section 7.0 of appendix N and Sections 8.4.2.3 and 8.4.2.3.2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993.)
CA IOUs recommended that DOE adopt multiple entering water
temperatures for condensing and non-condensing boilers, respectively,
consistent with the methodology developed by the ASHRAE 155P Committee
for testing and rating commercial boilers. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 2)
On January 15, 2016, DOE published a final rule amending the energy
conservation standards for consumer furnaces (the ``January 2016 ECS
final rule''). 81 FR 2320. For its analysis for the January 2016 ECS
final rule, DOE investigated the relationship between return water
temperature and field performance, and developed adjustment factors to
modify the AFUE based on expected return water temperatures. DOE
developed adjustment factors for low, medium, and high return water
temperature scenarios and estimated that, on average, AFUE would vary
from the rated value by -2.66 percent to +3.15 percent depending on the
model characteristics and return water temperature.\14\ While DOE
developed three return water temperature scenarios, there is a wide
range of potential return water temperatures in the field. 81 FR 2320,
2354.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ See chapter 7 of the January 2016 ECS Final Rule technical
support document (Document No. 70 in Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-
0047), found online at www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2012-BT-STD-0047-0070.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPCA requires DOE to establish test procedures that are reasonably
designed to produce test results which measure energy efficiency of a
consumer boilers during a representative average use cycle or period of
use, as determined by the Secretary, and shall not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) DOE tentatively concludes that given
the wide potential range of operating conditions, the single return
water temperature specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 provides an average
value that allows for a comparison of performance at comparable rating
conditions and is reasonably representative.
DOE seeks additional comment on whether the return water
temperature in the current test method and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 are
representative and appropriate, and whether any specific changes to the
required conditions could improve representativeness. DOE is also
interested in receiving comment on the test burden that would result
from changing the return water temperature(s) specified in the test
procedure.
5. Active Mode Electrical Energy Consumption
As noted in section III.C of this document, for gas-fired and oil-
fired boilers, AFUE accounts for fossil fuel consumption in active,
standby, and off modes, but does not include electrical energy
consumption.
In response to the May 2020 RFI, CA IOUs recommended that all of
the active mode energy use should be accounted for; however,
information on the active mode electrical energy use be reported
separately, as is done for off mode and standby mode, to enable product
differentiation and to identify best performing boilers regarding
electrical energy consumption. (CA IOUs, No. 7 at p. 4)
As stated, AFUE does not include active mode or standby mode and
off mode electrical consumption for gas-fired and oil-fired boilers. As
such, active mode and standby mode and off mode electrical energy
consumption is not a factor in determining whether a gas-fired or oil-
fired boiler complies with the applicable energy conservation standard,
and is therefore not required to be reported. The DOE test procedure
includes provisions for determining the average annual auxiliary
electrical energy consumption for gas-fired and oil-fired boilers
(EAE), as a separate metric from AFUE, that accounts for
active mode, standby mode, and off mode electrical consumption. (See
appendix N, section 10.4.3.) EAE is referenced by the
calculations at 10 CFR 430.23(n)(1) for determining the estimated
annual operating cost for furnaces. However, the provisions at 10 CFR
430.23(n) include several incorrect references to sections in appendix
N. DOE is proposing to correct the incorrect section references as part
of this NOPR, but does not view this as a substantive change to the
requirements of 10 CFR 430.23(n). Specifically, DOE proposes to change
references to sections 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5 of appendix N to
reference sections 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, and 10.7 of appendix N,
respectively.
[[Page 14634]]
Although not required to be reported separately to DOE, to the
extent that a manufacturer voluntarily chooses to make representations
as to the active mode and standby mode and off mode electrical
consumption of a gas-fired or oil-fired boiler, such representations
must fairly disclose the results of testing according to the DOE test
procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(1))
6. Standby Mode and Off Mode
As discussed in section III.C of this document, separate metrics
for power consumption during standby mode and off mode
(PW,SB and PW,OFF, respectively) are used to
regulate standby mode and off mode energy consumption. These values are
measured in accordance with the procedures in IEC 62301, with certain
exceptions specified regarding test conditions, instrumentation
requirements, and rounding requirements. (See appendix N, section
8.11.)
AHRI recommended that DOE consider streamlining the standby and off
mode power consumption test procedure. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 6) AHRI
stated that it will investigate means to streamline the process and
will submit a proposal, but AHRI did not have sufficient time to
develop a proposal for this comment deadline. (AHRI, No. 6 at p. 6) DOE
has not received further input or detail from AHRI on this issue prior
to the issuance of this NOPR.
Lochinvar suggested that the standby mode and off mode test
procedure be simplified by allowing a measurement of standby and off
mode energy consumption using a calibrated power meter. (Lochinvar, No.
8 at p. 5)
EPCA requires that DOE amend test procedures to include standby
mode and off mode energy consumption, ``taking into consideration the
most current versions of Standards 62301 and 62087 of the International
Electrotechnical Commission.'' (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) The DOE test
method currently references IEC 62301, which provides instructions for
measuring standby mode and off mode energy consumption. IEC 62301
provides several options for measuring the standby mode and off mode
power consumption using either the ``sampling method,'' ``average
reading method,'' or ``direct meter reading method.'' Although these
methods vary, if the standby or off mode consumption is stable, each
method can be completed in under 1 hour, and the sampling method can be
completed in as little as 15 minutes. DOE has determined that the
provisions in IEC 62301 provide an appropriate representation of
standby mode and off mode energy consumption and are not unduly
burdensome. See generally 77 FR 76831 (Dec. 31, 2012). The commenters
did not present data to show that a simplified method could produce
results equivalent to IEC 62301. For these reasons, DOE is not
proposing to amend the test method for standby mode and off mode energy
consumption.
DOE seeks further comment on whether a simplified approach for
measuring standby mode and off mode electrical energy consumption is
appropriate and would provide accurate, representative results that are
comparable to those obtained with IEC 62301.
7. Full Fuel Cycle
Energy Kinetics stated that Full Fuel Cycle (``FFC'') efficiency
and source efficiency analysis should be incorporated into the test
procedure to allow for comparisons between direct fired heat and hot
water systems and electric grid-based systems. Energy Kinetics argued
that low electric power generation efficiency and high transmission and
distribution losses create a false sense of high efficiency for vapor
compression cycle heating equipment when compared to direct fired
heating equipment. (Energy Kinetics, No. 3 at p. 3)
The FFC accounts for the energy consumed in extracting, processing,
and transporting fuels. Generally, DOE uses the National Energy
Modeling System (``NEMS'') as the basis for deriving the energy and
emission multipliers used to conduct FFC analyses in support of energy
conservation standards rulemakings. 77 FR 49701 (Aug. 17, 2012). DOE
also uses NEMS to derive factors to convert site electrical energy use
or savings to primary energy consumption by the electric power sector.
NEMS is updated annually in association with the preparation of the
Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook. The energy
and emission multipliers used to conduct FFC analyses are subject to
change each year.
DOE has previously considered a FFC metric in the January 2016
final rule. In that final rule, DOE concluded that a mathematical
adjustment to the test procedure to account for FFC is not appropriate,
because the mathematical adjustment to the site-based energy descriptor
relies on information that is updated annually, which would require
annual updating of the test method. 81 FR 2628, 2639. DOE maintains
that position for this NOPR, as the circumstances are the same as when
DOE last considered this issue for the January 2016 final rule, and
accordingly is not proposing to amend the test procedure to reflect
FFC.
8. Conversion Factor for British Thermal Units
Upon its review of the current appendix N test procedure, DOE
observed inconsistencies in the existing formulas with respect to the
values used to convert energy in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW) to Btu/h.
For example, section 10.5 of the current appendix N indicates that the
conversion factor from watt-hours to Btu (i.e., watts to Btu/h) is
3.412. Simultaneously, section 10.4 of the current appendix N includes
equations which include 341,300 as the conversion factor between Watts
and Btu/h expressed for percentage points (essentially identifying the
conversion factor from watt-hours to Btu as 3.413 instead of 3.412).
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 also has these inconsistencies. (See, for
example, section 4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 and Appendix B of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993, which use 3.412 W/(Btu/h) and 3.413 W/(Btu/h),
respectively). ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 strictly uses the 3.413 W/(Btu/h)
conversion factor, however.
DOE notes that the conversion factor between watts and Btu/h is
generally accepted to be 1 watt = 3.412142 Btu/h (or 1 Btu/h =
0.2930711 watts), as published in the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.\15\
This value is more appropriately rounded to 3.412 W/(Btu/h); therefore,
DOE is making a correction to the proposed appendix N and appendix EE
test procedures to use 3.412 W/(Btu/h) in all calculations. This
correction is not expected to affect AFUE ratings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ 2021 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals (I-P Edition). Peachtree
Corners, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
F. Alternative Efficiency Determination Methods
At 10 CFR 429.70, DOE includes provisions for alternative
efficiency determination methods (``AEDMs''), which are computer
modeling or mathematical tools that predict the performance of non-
tested basic models. They are derived from mathematical models and
engineering principles that govern the energy efficiency and energy
consumption characteristics of a type of covered equipment. These
computer modeling and mathematical tools, when properly developed, can
provide a relatively straight-forward and reasonably accurate means to
predict the energy usage or efficiency characteristics of a basic model
of a
[[Page 14635]]
given covered product or equipment and reduce the burden and cost
associated with testing. 78 FR 79579, 79580 (Dec. 31, 2013; the
``December 2013 AEDM Final Rule'').
Where authorized by regulation, AEDMs enable manufacturers to rate
and certify their basic models by using the projected energy use or
energy efficiency results derived from these simulation models in lieu
of testing. Id at 78 FR 79580. DOE has authorized the use of AEDMs for
certain covered products and equipment that are difficult or expensive
to test in an effort to reduce the testing burden faced by
manufacturers of expensive or highly customized basic models. Id. DOE's
regulations currently permit manufacturers of certain products and
equipment to use AEDMs to rate their non-tested basic models (and
combinations, where applicable) provided they meet the Department's
regulations governing such use.
Weil-McLain encouraged DOE to allow use of AEDMs for consumer
boilers similar to DOE's existing approach to allow AEDMs for
commercial equipment (which DOE understands to refer to commercial
package boilers) in order to reduce testing burden and speed the new
product development process while maintaining the intent of EPCA.
(Weil-McLain, No. 5 at pp. 1-2)
Currently, manufacturers of consumer boilers (or furnaces more
generally) are not authorized to use an AEDM to determine ratings for
these products. However, as discussed in section III.G.1 of this NOPR,
manufacturers of cast iron boilers may determine AFUE for models at a
capacity other than the highest or lowest of the group of basic models
having identical intermediate sections and combustion chambers through
linear interpolation of data obtained for the smallest and largest
capacity units of the family. See 10 CFR 429.18(a)(2)(iv)(A). These
provisions already provide manufacturers with an alternative method of
rating consumer boilers without testing every model, and this
alternative method reduces manufacturer test burden. Further, DOE
explained in the December 2013 AEDM Final Rule that the AEDM provisions
extend to those products or equipment which ``have expensive or highly-
customized basic models.'' 78 FR 79579, 79580. The current AEDM
provisions for commercial HVAC equipment (including commercial package
boilers, for example) were in part the result of a negotiated
rulemaking effort by the Appliance Standards and Rulemaking Federal
Advisory Committee (ASRAC) in 2013. Id. Boilers designed for
residential applications were not considered at the time.\16\ 78 FR
79579. Hence, at this time, DOE does not have sufficient information to
propose AEDM regulations for consumer boilers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Working group meeting transcripts can be found at
www.regulations.gov under Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0023.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests further comment on whether AEDM provisions similar to
those in place for commercial equipment would be necessary and
appropriate for consumer boilers.
G. Certification Requirements
1. Linear Interpolation
Certification requirements for consumer boilers are provided at 10
CFR 429.18. These requirements, in part, allow for manufacturers to
make representations of efficiency for basic models of sectional cast-
iron boilers having identical intermediate sections and combustion
chambers using linear interpolation of data obtained for the smallest
and largest capacity units of the family. 10 CFR 429.18(a)(2)(iv)(A).
AHRI and Lochinvar recommended that DOE extend the applicability of the
existing linear interpolation provisions to boilers with any type of
heat exchanger material. Specifically, AHRI and Lochinvar suggested
that DOE include an additional section to the linear interpolation
provisions stating, ``for each basic model or input capacity of boilers
having similar geometric construction other than the higher or lowest
input capacity in the group of basic models and is not a sectional
cast-iron boiler.'' Both commenters proposed language which reflects
these potential changes and also includes editorial updates. (AHRI No.
6 at p. 2; Lochinvar, No. 8, at p. 5)
DOE adopted the linear interpolation provision applicable to cast-
iron boilers in a final rule published on April 13, 1979 (``April 1979
Final Rule''). 44 FR 22410. In the April 1979 Final Rule, DOE discussed
the effects of sectional design of cast-iron boilers. Data submitted
showed that the annual fuel utilization efficiency, energy consumption
and estimated annual operating cost of sectional cast iron boilers
(i.e., cast iron boilers consisting of an assembly of two end sections
and a variable number of identical intermediate sections, the number of
intermediate sections depending on the desired heating capacity) can be
accurately predicted by a linear interpolation based on data obtained
from units having the smallest and largest number of intermediate
sections. Id. 44 FR 22415. Therefore, little or no new information
would result from any requirement for actual testing of middle-sized
units. Id. In particular, data was submitted that showed the
efficiencies measured according to DOE test procedures of 15 groups of
sectional cast-iron boilers, with each group comprising boilers
identical except for the number of intermediate sections. Id. An
analysis of the data showed that linear interpolation for the middle-
sized units resulted in errors in the measured efficiency of less than
2 percent compared to actual test results. Id. DOE concluded that since
the tolerance of all measures of energy consumption had been
established as 5 percent (applicable to the test procedures at that
time), the reliability of measured energy consumption for the middle-
sized units would not be significantly diminished by a linear
interpolation based on data obtained from testing units having the
smallest and largest number of intermediate sections and the same
combustion chamber. Id. As discussed, the analysis of this issue in the
April 1979 Final Rule was limited to cast-iron boilers, for which a
robust sample of test data was provided to justify the use of a linear
interpolation approach. Commenters have not provided any data or other
information to demonstrate that using a linear interpolation method
with other types of heat exchanger materials would produce
representative test results. Lacking such data or information that
would justify extending the approach to other materials, DOE is not
proposing to extend the linear interpolation approach to boilers with
other heat exchanger materials. If presented with such data or other
information, DOE could consider such a change.
DOE seeks comment on data or other information that demonstrates
that using a linear interpolation method for heat exchanger materials
other than cast iron would produce representative test results.
2. Supplemental Test Instructions
For commercial boilers, DOE provides that a certification report
may include supplemental testing instructions, if such information is
necessary to run a valid test. Specifically, supplemental information
must include any additional testing and testing set up instructions
(e.g., specific operational or control codes or settings), which would
be necessary to operate the basic model under the required conditions
specified by the relevant test procedure. 10 CFR 429.60(b)(4).
BHI suggested the creation of a repository for test instructions,
similar to that currently in place for commercial boilers, instead of
requiring a waiver to
[[Page 14636]]
allow for use of specific test instructions not included in the I&O
manual or the DOE test procedure. BHI stated that control systems are
increasingly complex, which it asserted makes it impractical to run the
test without special tools or codes in many cases. Further, BHI stated
there are safety and reliability concerns with putting testing-specific
instructions in the I&O manual. BHI also asserted that the use of the
waiver process for these test instruction issues is burdensome,
unnecessary, and is unjustifiably inconsistent with the test procedure
rule for commercial boilers. (BHI, No. 11 at pp. 3-4)
BHI did not provide specific examples of test instructions that
could not be included in the I&O manual due to concerns about safety or
reliability, and that would thus need to be presented in a waiver. In
addition, DOE has not received any petitions for waiver for any basic
models of consumer boilers, indicating that there is not a problem with
testing absent such additional information. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing to establish a repository for test instructions for consumer
boilers. Should testing of a consumer boiler necessitate controls or
instructions other than those included in the I&O manual, manufacturers
may petition for a waiver under the process established at 10 CFR
430.27.
DOE seeks further comment on whether supplemental test instructions
are necessary for testing consumer boilers.
3. Standby Mode and Off Mode Certification
Lochinvar suggested that standby mode and off mode power
consumption determined for a single basic model be permitted to be used
for a product line. Lochinvar stated that the variation in standby and
off mode power consumption between products of the same basic model are
small enough to utilize the basic model's rating for the entire product
line. (Lochinvar, No. 8 at p. 5)
DOE defines ``basic model'' in relevant part as meaning all units
of a given type of covered product (or class thereof) manufactured by
one manufacturer; having the same primary energy source; and which have
essentially identical electrical, physical, and functional (or
hydraulic) characteristics that affect energy consumption, energy
efficiency, water consumption, or water efficiency. 10 CFR 430.2. If
consumer boiler models are sufficiently similar that they can be
grouped as a single basic model consistent with the definition above,
it would be expected that these individual models would have nearly
identical standby mode and off mode power consumption. In such an
instance, standby mode and off mode power consumption determined for an
individual model could be used for all individual models within the
same basic model.
H. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In response to the May 2020 RFI, Weil-McLain encouraged DOE to
evaluate the cumulative burden upon industry based upon the average
number of regulated product categories and active regulations for
manufacturers during future product efficiency rulemakings. (Weil-
McLain, No. 5 at p. 2)
EPCA requires that any amended test procedures prescribed must be
reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use or estimated annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) In
proposing amendments to the test procedure for consumer boilers, DOE
considers the burden to industry. In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend
the existing test procedure for consumer boilers by updating the
references to industry standards to reference the most recent versions,
i.e., to reference ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and ASTM D2156-09 (R2018). DOE
has tentatively determined that these proposed amendments would not
impact testing costs or increase burden, as discussed in the following
paragraphs.
a. ASTM D2156-09 (R2018)
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the most recent version of
ASTM D2156-09, which was reaffirmed in 2018. Because the relevant
provisions of ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) are unchanged from the version of
ASTM D2156-09 currently incorporated by reference, this proposed change
would not result in any change to how the test procedure is conducted,
would not impact the measured AFUE ratings, and would not result in any
change to the burden associated with the test procedure.
b. ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the most recent version of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. DOE has tentatively concluded
that the test procedure referencing ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 would not
impact the test procedure burden as compared to the current test
procedure. As discussed in section III.D of this document, based on a
review of test data and comments from stakeholders, DOE has tentatively
determined that while the proposed amendment could result in
differences in the measured values, such differences would be minimal
and would not require re-testing or re-rating of any consumer boilers.
Based on this initial determination, manufacturers would be able to
rely on data generated under the current test procedure, should the
proposed amendments be finalized. As such, it would be unlikely that
retesting of consumer boilers would be required solely as a result of
DOE's adoption of the proposed amendments to the test procedure.
However, if a manufacturer were to re-test a model using the proposed
procedure, DOE estimates that the cost of performing the proposed AFUE
test at a third-party laboratory would be $3,000.
DOE requests comment on DOE's tentative determination as to the
impact and associated costs of the proposed incorporation by reference
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
c. ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the most recent version of
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014. ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014 is
referenced in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 for determining the relative
humidity of the room air during testing of condensing boilers. (See
Section 8.5.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.) The previous version of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993, includes limitations on the relative
humidity of the test room during testing of condensing boilers (see
Sections 9.2 and 9.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993), but does not provide
instructions on how the measurements must be obtained. The reference to
ASHRAE 41.6-2014 in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 will ensure a consistent
approach to determining the relative humidity for the purpose of
meeting the test conditions. Because the DOE test method and ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-1993 currently limit relative humidity allowed during
testing, DOE reasons that relative humidity already must be measured
under the current procedure. DOE has thus tentatively concluded that
the incorporation by reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014 would not
impact the test procedure burden as compared to the current test
procedure, as the method would likely be similar to current practices.
[[Page 14637]]
DOE requests comment on DOE's tentative determination the proposed
incorporation by reference of ASHRAE 41.6-2014 will not increase test
burden.
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
DOE's established practice is to adopt relevant industry standards
as DOE test procedures unless such methodology would be unduly
burdensome to conduct or would not produce test results that reflect
the energy efficiency, energy use, water use (as specified in EPCA) or
estimated operating costs of that product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use. Section 8(c) of appendix A of 10
CFR part 430 subpart C. In cases where the industry standard does not
meet this EPCA statutory criteria for test procedures, DOE will make
modifications as part of the rulemaking process.
Appendix N incorporates by reference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 for
scope, definitions, classifications, requirements, instruments,
apparatus, testing conditions, testing procedure, nomenclature, and
calculations for determining AFUE. Appendix N also incorporates by
reference IEC 62301 for measuring standby mode and off mode power
consumption, and ASTM D2156-09 (Reapproved 2013) for adjusting oil
burners. The industry standards DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference via amendments described in this NOPR are discussed in
further detail in section IV.M of this document. DOE notes that DOE has
previously established certain modifications to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 to
improve representativeness and repeatability, provide additional
direction, and reduce burden. Similarly, DOE has established
modifications to IEC 62301 to substitute conditions for room ambient
temperature and electrical supply from ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 to reduce
burden. In general, DOE has determined that those modifications remain
relevant to the updated editions of the referenced industry test
standards and is not proposing to amend or delete those previously
established modifications.
DOE requests comments on the benefits and burdens of the proposed
updates and additions to industry standards referenced in the test
procedure for consumer boilers.
I. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension
of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship
in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To receive such an
extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days
before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that
this test procedure rulemaking does not constitute a ``significant
regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order (``E.O.'')
12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in
OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (``IRFA'')
for any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless
the agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (Aug. 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel">energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. DOE certifies that the proposed rule, if adopted,
would not have significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities. The factual basis of this certification is set forth in
the following paragraphs.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, the statute sets forth the criteria and
procedures DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures
for covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed
or amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce
test results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to update 10 CFR part 430 subpart B,
appendix N, ``Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption
of Furnaces and Boilers,'' to remove the provisions applicable only to
consumer boilers and rename the appendix ``Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Furnaces.'' Correspondingly, DOE
proposes to create a new appendix EE, ``Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Boilers.'' In the proposed new
appendix EE, DOE proposes to include all provisions currently included
in appendix N for consumer boilers, with the following modifications:
(1) Incorporate by reference the current revision to the applicable
industry standard, ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, ``Methods of Testing for
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers''
(2) Incorporate by reference the current revision of ASTM Standard
D2156-09 (Reapproved 2018), ``Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in
Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels'' (ASTM D2156-09)
(3) Incorporate by reference ASHRAE 41.6-2014, ``Standard Method for
Humidity Measurement''
(4) Update the definitions to reflect the changes in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 as compared to ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993. Also remove definition of
outdoor furnace or boiler from 10 CFR 430.2
For manufacturers of consumer boilers, the Small Business
Administration (``SBA'') has set a size threshold, which defines those
entities classified as ``small businesses'' for the purposes of the
statute. DOE used the SBA's small business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be subject to the requirements of the
rule. See 13 CFR part 121. The equipment covered by this rule is
classified under North American Industry Classification System
[[Page 14638]]
(``NAICS'') code 333414,\17\ ``Heating Equipment (except Warm Air
Furnaces) Manufacturing.'' In 13 CFR 121.201, the SBA sets a threshold
of 500 employees or fewer for an entity to be considered as a small
business for this category. DOE identified manufacturers using DOE's
Compliance Certification Database (``CCD''),\18\ the AHRI database,\19\
the California Energy Commission's Modernized Appliance Efficiency
Database System (``MAEDbS''),\20\ the ENERGY STAR Product Finder
database,\21\ and the prior consumer boiler energy conservation
standards rulemaking. DOE used the publicly available information and
subscription-based market research tools (e.g., reports from Dun &
Bradstreet \22\) to identify 28 original equipment manufacturers
(``OEMs'') of the covered equipment. Of the 28 OEMs, DOE identified
seven domestic manufacturers of consumer boilers that met the SBA
definition of a ``small business.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ The size standards are listed by NAICS code and industry
description and are available at: www.sba.gov/document/support--table-size-standards (Last accessed on September 22, 2021).
\18\ DOE's Compliance Certification Database is available at:
www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms (last accessed July 12, 2021).
\19\ The AHRI Database is available at: www.ahridirectory.org
(last accessed March 3, 2021).
\20\ California Energy Commission's MAEDbS is available at
cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/ApplianceSearch.aspx (last
accessed September 22, 2021).
\21\ The ENERGY STAR Product Finder database is available at
energystar.gov/productfinder/ (last accessed September 22, 2021).
\22\ app.dnbhoovers.com.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As stated earlier, in this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend the existing
test procedure for consumer boilers by updating the references to
industry standards to reference the most recent versions. Based on a
review of test data and stakeholder comments, DOE has initially
determined that the proposed amendments to reference ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 in the test procedure would not require retesting or re-rating.
DOE conducted testing to compare the results from testing in accordance
with ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 (the 1993 version is currently incorporated
by reference in the DOE test procedure) with results using the more
recent editions of ANSI/ASHRAE 103 to reach this tentative
determination, which is further supported by a majority of comments
from industry stakeholders indicating no expected impact of updating
this test standard reference. ASTM Standard D2156-09, which is
currently incorporated by reference, was reapproved in 2018 with no
substantial differences. Therefore, DOE's proposal to incorporate the
version of ASTM D2156-09 reapproved in 2018 would not result in any
impact on results or test burden. DOE also proposes to incorporate by
reference ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014, a test method for determination of
relative humidity. ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 (and by extension, the current
DOE test procedure) includes limitations on the relative humidity of
the test room during certain testing, but it does not provide
instructions on how the measurements must be obtained. ASHRAE 41.6-2014
is referenced in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 as the required approach to
determining the relative humidity for the purpose of meeting the test
conditions. The test method in ASHARE 41.6-2014 is understood to be
similar to current industry practices and is thus not expected to
introduce any new test burden for manufacturers.
As such, the test procedure amendments would not result in any
change in burden associated the DOE test procedure for consumer
boilers.
Therefore, DOE initially concludes that the test procedure
amendments proposed in this NOPR would not have a ``significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities,'' and that
the preparation of an IRFA is not warranted. DOE will transmit the
certification and supporting statement of factual basis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for review
under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE welcomes comment on the Regulatory Flexibility certification
conclusion.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of consumer boilers must certify to DOE that their
products comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including consumer boilers.
(See generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-information
requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is subject to
review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA'').
This requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control number
1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to update references to industry
test standards to reference the most current versions. DOE is also
proposing to reorganize the test procedures so that boilers are
addressed in an appendix separate from furnaces generally. The proposed
amendments would not establish new or amended reporting requirements.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this NOPR, DOE proposes test procedure amendments that it
expects will be used to develop and implement future energy
conservation standards for consumer boilers. DOE has determined that
this rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically excluded
from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10 CFR part
1021. Specifically, DOE has determined that adopting test procedures
for measuring energy efficiency of consumer products and industrial
equipment is consistent with activities identified in 10 CFR part 1021,
appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The Executive order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
[[Page 14639]]
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this proposed rule and has
determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this proposed rule. States can
petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and
based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity, (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation, (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation, (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction,
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately defines
key terms, and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this
proposed rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and
determined that the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate,
nor a mandate that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this proposed regulation
would not result in any takings that might require compensation under
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to amend the test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of consumer boilers is not a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it been designated as a
significant energy action by the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it
is not a significant energy action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy
[[Page 14640]]
Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal Energy
Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788; ``FEAA'')
Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where a proposed
rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
(``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards
on competition.
The proposed modifications to the test procedure for consumer
boilers would reference testing methods contained in certain sections
of the following commercial standards: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 (ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017), ASTM D2156-09 (R2018), and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-
2014 (ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014). DOE has evaluated these standards and is
unable to conclude whether they fully comply with the requirements of
section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether they were developed in a
manner that fully provides for public participation, comment, and
review.) DOE will consult with both the Attorney General and the
Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact of these test procedures on
competition, prior to prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the test
standard published by ANSI/ASHRAE, titled ``Method of Testing for
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and
Boilers,'' ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. The purpose of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 is
to provide procedures for determining the annual fuel utilization
efficiency of consumer furnaces and boilers. Relevant to the DOE test
procedure, the standard includes test methods for cyclic and part-load
performance and calculation procedures for establishing seasonal
performance. The standard provides information on definitions,
classifications, requirements, instruments, methods of testing, testing
procedures, nomenclature, and calculations for determining the AFUE of
consumer boilers.
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 includes a reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014,
``Standard Method for Humidity Measurement,'' which DOE also proposes
to incorporate by reference. ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014 includes
instructions for measuring the relative humidity of the test room air.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014 can be
obtained from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Publication Sales, 180 Technology Parkway
NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, (800) 527-4723 or (404) 636-8400, or
online at: www.ashrae.org.
In this NOPR, DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference the
test standard published by ASTM, titled ``Standard Test Method for
Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels,'' ASTM
D2156-09 (R2018)). ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) includes instructions for
determining the amount of smoke produced by an oil burner to ensure the
burner is adjusted properly.
Copies of ASTM D2156-09 (R2018) can be obtained from the ASTM
International,100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959 or online at: www.astm.org.
In this NOPR, DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference the
test standard published by IEC, titled ``Household electrical
appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' Edition 2.0 2011-01 (IEC
62301). IEC 62301 includes instructions for determining the electrical
power consumption during standby mode.
Copies of IEC 62301 can be obtained from the American National
Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
(212) 642-4900, or online at: webstore.ansi.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date for the webinar are listed in the DATES section
at the beginning of this document. If no participants register for the
webinar, it will be cancelled. Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be published on DOE's website:
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=45&action=viewcurrent. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible with the webinar
software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
document, or who is representative of a group or class of persons that
has an interest in these issues, may request an opportunity to make an
oral presentation at the webinar. Such persons may submit to
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format that briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the topics they
wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime telephone
number where they can be reached.
Persons requesting to speak should briefly describe the nature of
their interest in this rulemaking and provide a telephone number for
contact. DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least two weeks before
the webinar. At its discretion, DOE may permit persons who cannot
supply an advance copy of their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar/public
meeting and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion.
The meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing,
but DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will be present to record the
proceedings and prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and to establish the procedures
governing the conduct of the webinar. There shall not be discussion of
proprietary information, costs or prices, market share, or other
commercial matters regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After the
webinar/public meeting and until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further comments on the proceedings and
any aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an informal, conference style. DOE
will allow time for prepared general statements by participants and
encourage all interested parties to share their views on issues
affecting this rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed to make a
general statement (within time limits determined by DOE), before the
discussion of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants
[[Page 14641]]
to clarify their statements briefly. Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other participants concerning these
issues. DOE representatives may also ask questions of participants
concerning other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official
conducting the webinar/public meeting will accept additional comments
or questions from those attending, as time permits. The presiding
official will announce any further procedural rules or modification of
the above procedures that may be needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public meeting will be included in the
docket, which can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the
beginning of this document. In addition, any person may buy a copy of
the transcript from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule no later than the date provided in the DATES section at
the beginning of this proposed rule. Interested parties may submit
comments using any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at
the beginning of this document.
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted
through www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments received
through the website will waive any CBI claims for the information
submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the Confidential
Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email. Comments and documents submitted via
email also will be posted to www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be publicly viewable, do not
include it in your comment or any accompanying documents. Instead,
provide your contact information on a cover letter. Include your first
and last names, email address, telephone number, and optional mailing
address. The cover letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it
does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. No faxes will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses.
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email, two well-marked copies: One copy of the document marked
confidential including all the information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked non-confidential with the
information believed to be confidential deleted. DOE will make its own
determination about the confidential status of the information and
treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views from
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE seeks comment on whether any other industry test methods
exist for determining the heating efficiency of air-to-water or water-
to-water heat pumps. DOE seeks comment specifically on AHRI 550/590,
and whether it would be appropriate for adoption as a Federal test
procedure for such products, and if so, whether modifications could be
made to result in an AFUE rating.
(2) DOE seeks comment on its proposal to remove the definition of
``outdoor furnace or boiler'' from its regulations. DOE seeks comment
on whether removing the definition for ``outdoor furnace or boiler''
would impact the application of the test procedure or energy
conservation standards for any such products.
(3) DOE seeks comment on its proposal to incorporate by reference
the definitions in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and to remove the definitions
for ``control'' and ``isolated combustions system'' from the consumer
boiler test procedure at appendix N accordingly.
(4) DOE seeks comment on its proposal to clarify the calculation of
steady-state efficiencies at maximum and minimum input rates for
condensing, modulating boilers using ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
(5) DOE seeks further comment on its proposal to update the
incorporation by reference of ASHRAE 103 to the most recent version
(i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017) and in particular the potential impact on
ratings and whether retesting would be required.
(6) DOE seeks additional comment on whether the return water
temperature in the current test method and ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 are
representative and appropriate, and whether any specific changes to the
required conditions could improve
[[Page 14642]]
representativeness. DOE is also interested in receiving comment on the
test burden that would result from changing the return water
temperature(s) specified in the test procedure.
(7) DOE seeks further comment on whether a simplified approach for
measuring standby mode and off mode electrical energy consumption is
appropriate and would provide accurate, representative results that are
comparable to those obtained with IEC 62301.
(8) DOE requests further comment on whether AEDM provisions similar
to those in place for commercial equipment would be necessary and
appropriate for consumer boilers.
(9) DOE seeks comment on data or other information that
demonstrates that using a linear interpolation method for heat
exchanger materials other than cast iron would produce representative
test results.
(10) DOE seeks further comment on whether supplemental test
instructions are necessary for testing consumer boilers.
(11) DOE requests comment on DOE's tentative determination as to
the impact and associated costs of the proposed incorporation by
reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
(12) DOE requests comment on DOE's tentative determination the
proposed incorporation by reference of ASHRAE 41.6-2014 will not
increase test burden.
(13) DOE requests comments on the benefits and burdens of the
proposed updates and additions to industry standards referenced in the
test procedure for consumer boilers.
(14) DOE welcomes comment on the Regulatory Flexibility
certification conclusion.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on February
17, 2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to
delegated authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with
the original signature and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in compliance with requirements of
the Office of the Federal Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for publication, as an official document
of the Department of Energy. This administrative process in no way
alters the legal effect of this document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on February 22, 2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 430 of chapter II of title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.134 is amended by revising paragraphs (h) introductory
text, (h)(1)(i)(A), and (h)(2)(i)(A) to read as follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(h) Residential boilers--test protocols for functional verification
of automatic means for adjusting water temperature. These tests are
intended to verify the functionality of the design requirement that a
boiler has an automatic means for adjusting water temperature for
single-stage, two-stage, and modulating boilers. These test methods are
intended to permit the functional testing of a range of control
strategies used to fulfill this design requirement. Section 2,
Definitions, and paragraph 6.1.a of appendix EE to subpart B of part
430 of this chapter apply for the purposes of this paragraph (h).
(1) * * *
(i) * * *
(A) Boiler installation. Boiler installation in the test room shall
be in accordance with the setup and apparatus requirements of section
6.0 of appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter.
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(i) * * *
(A) Boiler installation. Boiler installation in the test room shall
be in accordance with the setup and apparatus requirements by section
6.0 of appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 of this chapter.
* * * * *
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
3. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
Sec. 430.2 [Amended]
0
4. Section 430.2 is amended by removing the definition of ``outdoor
furnace or boiler''.
0
5. Section 430.3 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Revising paragraphs (g) introductory text and (g)(11);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (g)(17) and (18) as paragraphs (g)(18) and
(19), respectively, and adding new paragraph (g)(17); and
0
d. Revising paragraph (j) introductory text;
0
e. Adding paragraph (j)(3); and
0
f. Revising paragraph (o)(6).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 430.3 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this
[chapter/subchapter/part/subpart] with the approval of the Director of
the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part
51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section,
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved material is available for inspection at DOE and at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact DOE at:
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza
SW, Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, https://www.energy.gov/eere/
buildings/
[[Page 14643]]
appliance-and-equipment-standards-program. For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, email: [email protected],
or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. The
material may be obtained from the sources in the following paragraphs
of this section.
* * * * *
(g) ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Publication Sales, 180 Technology Parkway
NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, 800-527-4723 or 404-636-8400, or go to
www.ashrae.org.
* * * * *
(11) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-2014, (``ASHRAE 41.6-2014''),
Standard Method for Humidity Measurement, ANSI approved July 3, 2014,
IBR approved for appendices F and EE to subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
(17) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2017, (``ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017''),
Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential
Central Furnaces and Boilers, ANSI approved July 3, 2017, IBR approved
for Sec. 430.23 and appendix EE to subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
(j) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Post Office Box
C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, telephone (877) 909-2786,
website: www.astm.org;
* * * * *
(3) ASTM D2156-09 (Reapproved 2018) (``ASTM D2156-09 (R2018)''),
Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning
Distillate Fuels, approved October 1, 2018, IBR approved for appendix
EE to subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
(o) * * *
(6) IEC 62301 (``IEC 62301''), Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power, (Edition 2.0, 2011-01), IBR approved for
appendices C1, D1, D2, F, G, H, I, J2, N, O, P, Q, X, X1, Y, Z, BB, CC,
and EE to subpart B of this part.
* * * * *
0
6. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraph (n) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test Procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(n) Furnaces. (1) The estimated annual operating cost for furnaces
is the sum of:
(i) Product of the average annual fuel energy consumption, in Btu's
per year for gas or oil furnaces or in kilowatt-hours per year for
electric furnaces, determined according to section 10.2.2 or 10.3 of
appendix N (furnaces, excluding low pressure steam or hot water boilers
and electric boilers) or appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot water
boilers and electric boilers) of this subpart, as applicable, and the
representative average unit cost in dollars per Btu for gas or oil, or
dollars per kilowatt-hour for electric, as appropriate, as provided
pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act; plus
(ii) The product of the average annual auxiliary electric energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per year determined according to section
10.2.3 of appendix N (furnaces, excluding low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) or appendix EE (low pressure steam
or hot water boilers and electric boilers) of this subpart, as
applicable, and the representative average unit cost in dollars per
kilowatt-hour as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act.
(iii) Round the resulting sum to the nearest dollar per year.
(2) The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) for furnaces,
expressed in percent, is the ratio of the annual fuel output of useful
energy delivered to the heated space to the annual fuel energy input to
the furnace.
(i) For gas and oil furnaces, determine AFUE according to section
10.1 of appendix N (furnaces, excluding low pressure steam or hot water
boilers and electric boilers) or appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot
water boilers and electric boilers) of this subpart, as applicable.
(ii) For electric furnaces, excluding electric boilers, determine
AFUE in accordance with Section 11.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE) 103-1993
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 430.3); for electric boilers,
determine AFUE in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
(iii) Round the annual fuel utilization efficiency to one-tenth of
a percentage point.
(3) The estimated regional annual operating cost for furnaces must
be rounded off to the nearest dollar per year and is defined as
follows:
(i) When using appendix N for furnaces excluding low pressure steam
or hot water boilers and electric boilers (see the note at the
beginning of appendix N),
(A) For gas or oil-fueled furnaces,
(EFR x CBTU) = (EAER x
CKWH)
Where:
EFR = the regional annual fuel energy consumption in Btu
per year, determined according to section 10.7.1 of appendix N;
CBTU = the representative average unit cost in dollars
per Btu of gas or oil, as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of
the Act;
EAER = the regional annual auxiliary electrical energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per year, determined according to
section 10.7.2 of appendix N; and
CKWH = the representative average unit cost in dollars
per kilowatt-hour of electricity, as provided pursuant to section
323(b)(2) of the Act.
(B) For electric furnaces,
(EER x CKWH)
Where:
EER = the regional annual fuel energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per year, determined according to section 10.7.3 of
appendix N; and
CKWH is as defined in paragraph (n)(3)(i)(A) of this
section.
(ii) When using appendix EE for low pressure steam or hot water
boilers and electric boilers (see the note at the beginning of appendix
EE),
(A) For gas or oil-fueled boilers,
(EFR x CBTU) + (EAER x
CKWH)
Where:
EFR = the regional annual fuel energy consumption in Btu
per year, determined according to section 10.5.1 of appendix EE;
CBTU and CKWH are as defined in paragraph
(n)(3)(i)(A) of this section; and
EAER = the regional annual auxiliary electrical energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per year, determined according to
section 10.5.2 of appendix EE.
(B) For electric boilers,
(EER x CKWH)
Where:
EER = the regional annual fuel energy consumption in
kilowatt hours per year, determined according to section 10.5.3 of
appendix EE; and
CKWH is as defined in paragraph (n)(3)(i)(A) of this
section.
(4) The energy factor for furnaces, expressed in percent, is the
ratio of annual fuel output of useful energy delivered to the heated
space to the total annual energy input to the furnace determined
according to either section 10.6 of appendix N (furnaces, excluding low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and electric boilers) or section
10.4 of appendix EE (low pressure steam or hot water boilers and
electric boilers) of this subpart, as applicable.
(5) The average standby mode and off mode electrical power
consumption for furnaces shall be determined according to section 8.10
of appendix N (furnaces, excluding low pressure steam or hot water
boilers and electric boilers) or section 8.9 of appendix EE (low
[[Page 14644]]
pressure steam or hot water boilers and electric boilers) of this
subpart, as applicable. Round the average standby mode and off mode
electrical power consumption to the nearest tenth of a watt.
(6) Other useful measures of energy consumption for furnaces shall
be those measures of energy consumption which the Secretary determines
are likely to assist consumers in making purchasing decisions and which
are derived from the application of appendix N (furnaces, excluding low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and electric boilers) or appendix
EE (low pressure steam or hot water boilers and electric boilers) of
this subpart.
* * * * *
0
7. Appendix N to subpart B of part 430 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix N to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Consumer Furnaces Other Than Boilers
0. Incorporation by reference.
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3, the entire
standards for ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, ASTM D2156-09 (R2018), and
IEC 62301. In cases where there is a conflict, the language of the
test procedure in this appendix takes precedence over the
incorporated standards. However, only the following enumerated
provisions of ASHRAE 103-1993 apply to this appendix:
(1) ASHRAE 103-1993
(i) section 2 ``Scope'' as referenced in section 1.0 of this
appendix;
(ii) section 3 ``Definitions'' as referenced in section 2.0 of
this appendix;
(iii) section 4 ``Classifications'' as referenced in section 3.0
of this appendix;
(iv) section 5 ``Requirements'' as referenced in section 4.0 of
this appendix;
(v) section 6 ``Instruments'' as referenced in section 5.0 of
this appendix;
(vi) section 7 ``Apparatus'' (except for sections 7.1, 7.2.2.2,
7.2.2.5, 7.2.3.1, and 7.8) as referenced in section 6.0 of this
appendix;
(vii) section 8 ``Methods of Testing'' (except for sections
8.2.1.3, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.2, 8.4.1.2, 8.4.2.1.4, 8.4.2.1.6, 8.6.1.1,
8.7.2, and 8.8.3) as referenced in section 7.0 of this appendix;
(viii) section 9 ``Test Procedure'' (except for sections
9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.1.1, 9.5.1.2.1, 9.5.1.2.2,, 9.7.4, and
9.10) as referenced in section 8.0 of this appendix;
(ix) section 10 ``Nomenclature'' as referenced in section 9.0 of
this appendix; and
(x) section 11 ``Calculations'' (except for sections 11.5.11.1,
11.5.11.2) as referenced in section 10.0 of this appendix.
1.0 Scope. The scope of this appendix is as specified in Section
2 of ASHRAE 103-1993 as it pertains to furnaces other than low
pressure steam or hot water boilers or to electric boilers. Low
pressure steam or hot water boilers and electric boilers are
addressed in appendix EE of this subpart.
2.0 Definitions. Definitions include those specified in Section
3 of ASHRAE 103-1993 and the following additional and modified
definitions.
Active mode means the condition in which the furnace is
connected to the power source, and at least one of the burner,
electric resistance elements, or any electrical auxiliaries such as
blowers, are activated.
Control means a device used to regulate the operation of a piece
of equipment and the supply of fuel, electricity, air, or water.
Draft inducer means a fan incorporated in the furnace that
either draws or forces air into the combustion chamber.
Gas valve means an automatic or semi-automatic device consisting
essentially of a valve and operator that controls the gas supply to
the burner(s) during normal operation of an appliance. The operator
may be actuated by application of gas pressure on a flexible
diaphragm, by electrical means, by mechanical means or by other
means.
Installation and operation (I&O) manual means instructions for
installing, commissioning, and operating the furnace, which are
supplied with the product when shipped by the manufacturer.
Isolated combustion system means a system where a unit is
installed within the structure, but isolated from the heated space.
A portion of the jacket heat from the unit is lost, and air for
ventilation, combustion and draft control comes from outside the
heated space.
Multi-position furnace means a furnace that can be installed in
more than one airflow configuration (i.e., upflow or horizontal;
downflow or horizontal; upflow or downflow; and upflow, or downflow,
or horizontal).
Off mode means a mode in which the furnace is connected to a
mains power source and is not providing any active mode or standby
mode function, and where the mode may persist for an indefinite
time. The existence of an off switch in off position (a disconnected
circuit) is included within the classification of off mode.
Off switch means the switch on the furnace that, when activated,
results in a measurable change in energy consumption between the
standby and off modes.
Oil control valve means an automatically or manually operated
device consisting of an oil valve for controlling the fuel supply to
a burner to regulate burner input.
Standby mode means any mode in which the furnace is connected to
a mains power source and offers one or more of the following space
heating functions that may persist:
a. Activation of other modes (including activation or
deactivation of active mode) by remote switch (including thermostat
or remote control), internal or external sensors, and/or timer; and
b. Continuous functions, including information or status
displays or sensor-based functions.
Thermal stack damper means a type of stack damper that relies
exclusively upon the changes in temperature in the stack gases to
open or close the damper.
3.0 Classifications. Classifications are as specified in Section
4 of ASHRAE 103-1993 for furnaces.
4.0 Requirements. Requirements are as specified in Section 5 of
ASHRAE 103-1993 for furnaces.
5.0 Instruments. Instruments must be as specified in Section 6
of ASHRAE 103-1993.
6.0 Apparatus. The apparatus used in conjunction with the
furnace during the testing must be as specified in Section 7 of
ASHRAE 103-1993 except for Sections 7.1, 7.2.2.2, 7.2.2.5, 7.2.3.1,
and 7.8; and as specified in sections 6.1 through 6.5 of this
appendix.
6.1 General.
a. Install the furnace in the test room in accordance with the
I&O manual, as defined in section 2.6 of this appendix, except that
if provisions within this appendix are specified, then the
provisions herein drafted and prescribed by DOE govern. If the I&O
manual and any additional provisions of this appendix are not
sufficient for testing a furnace, the manufacturer must request a
waiver from the test procedure pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27.
b. If the I&O manual indicates the unit should not be installed
with a return duct, then the return (inlet) duct specified in
Section 7.2.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993 is not required.
c. Test multi-position furnaces in the least efficient
configuration. Testing of multi-position furnaces in other
configurations is permitted if energy use or efficiency is
represented pursuant to the requirements in 10 CFR part 429.
d. The apparatuses described in section 6 of this appendix are
used in conjunction with the furnace during testing. Each piece of
apparatus shall conform to material and construction specifications
listed in this appendix and in ASHRAE 103-1993, and the reference
standards cited in this appendix and in ASHRAE 103-1993.
e. Test rooms containing equipment must have suitable facilities
for providing the utilities (including but not limited to
environmental controls, applicable measurement equipment, and any
other technology or tools) necessary for performance of the test and
must be able to maintain conditions within the limits specified in
section 6 of this appendix.
6.2 Forced-air central furnaces (direct vent and direct
exhaust).
a. Units not equipped with a draft hood or draft diverter must
be provided with the minimum-length vent configuration recommended
in the I&O manual or a 5-ft flue pipe if there is no recommendation
provided in the I&O manual (see Figure 4 of ASHRAE 103-1993). For a
direct exhaust system, insulate the minimum-length vent
configuration or the 5-ft flue pipe with insulation having an R-
value not less than 7 and an outer layer of aluminum foil. For a
direct vent system, see Section 7.5 of ASHRAE 103-1993 for
insulation requirements.
b. For units with power burners, cover the flue collection box
with insulation having an R-value of not less than 7 and an outer
layer of aluminum foil before the cool-down and heat-up tests
described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993, respectively.
However, do not apply the insulation for the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in
[[Page 14645]]
Section 8.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 or the steady-state test described in
Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993.
c. For power-vented units, insulate the shroud surrounding the
blower impeller with insulation having an R-value of not less than 7
and an outer layer of aluminum foil before the cool-down and heat-up
tests described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6, respectively, of ASHRAE
103-1993. Do not apply the insulation for the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in Section 8.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 or the
steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993. Do
not insulate the blower motor or block the airflow openings that
facilitate the cooling of the combustion blower motor or bearings.
6.3 Downflow furnaces. Install an internal section of vent pipe
the same size as the flue collar for connecting the flue collar to
the top of the unit, if not supplied by the manufacturer. Do not
insulate the internal vent pipe during the jacket loss test (if
conducted) described in Section 8.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 or the
steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993. Do
not insulate the internal vent pipe before the cool-down and heat-up
tests described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6, respectively, of ASHRAE
103-1993. If the vent pipe is surrounded by a metal jacket, do not
insulate the metal jacket. Install a 5-ft test stack of the same
cross-sectional area or perimeter as the vent pipe above the top of
the furnace. Tape or seal around the junction connecting the vent
pipe and the 5-ft test stack. Insulate the 5-ft test stack with
insulation having an R-value not less than 7 and an outer layer of
aluminum foil. (See Figure 3-E of ASHRAE 103-1993.)
6.4 Units with draft hoods or draft diverters. Install the stack
damper in accordance with the I&O manual. Install 5 feet of stack
above the damper.
a. For units with an integral draft diverter, cover the 5-ft
stack with insulation having an R-value of not less than 7 and an
outer layer of aluminum foil.
b. For units with draft hoods, insulate the flue pipe between
the outlet of the furnace and the draft hood with insulation having
an R-value of not less than 7 and an outer layer of aluminum foil.
c. For units with integral draft diverters that are mounted in
an exposed position (not inside the overall unit cabinet), cover the
diverter boxes (excluding any openings through which draft relief
air flows) before the beginning of any test (including jacket loss
test) with insulation having an R-value of not less than 7 and an
outer layer of aluminum foil.
d. For units equipped with integral draft diverters that are
enclosed within the overall unit cabinet, insulate the draft
diverter box with insulation as described in Section 6.4.c before
the cool-down and heat-up tests described in Sections 9.5 and 9.6,
respectively, of ASHRAE 103-1993. Do not apply the insulation for
the jacket loss test (if conducted) described in Section 8.6 of
ASHRAE 103-1993 or the steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of
ASHRAE 103-1993.
6.5 Condensate collection. Attach condensate drain lines to the
unit as specified in the I&O manual. Maintain a continuous downward
slope of drain lines from the unit. Additional precautions (such as
eliminating any line configuration or position that would otherwise
restrict or block the flow of condensate or checking to ensure a
proper connection with condensate drain spout that allows for
unobstructed flow) must be taken to facilitate uninterrupted flow of
condensate during the test. Collection containers must be glass or
polished stainless steel to facilitate removal of interior deposits.
The collection container must have a vent opening to the atmosphere.
7.0 Testing conditions. The testing conditions must be as
specified in Section 8 of ASHRAE 103-1993, except for Sections
8.2.1.3, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.2, 8.4.1.2, 8.4.2.1.4, 8.4.2.1.6, 8.6.1.1,
8.7.2, and 8.8.3; and as specified in sections 7.1 to 7.9 of this
appendix, respectively.
7.1 Fuel supply, gas. In conducting the tests specified herein,
gases with characteristics as shown in Table 1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
shall be used. Maintain the gas supply, ahead of all controls for a
furnace, at a test pressure between the normal and increased values
shown in Table 1 of ASHRAE 103-1993. Maintain the regulator outlet
pressure at a level approximating that recommended in the I&O
manual, as defined in section 2.6 of this appendix, or, in the
absence of such recommendation, to the nominal regulator settings
used when the product is shipped by the manufacturer. Use a gas
having a specific gravity as shown in Table 1 of ASHRAE 103-1993 and
with a higher heating value within 5% of the higher
heating value shown in Table 1 of ASHRAE 103-1993. Determine the
actual higher heating value in Btu per standard cubic foot for the
gas to be used in the test within an error no greater than 1%.
7.2 Gas burner. Adjust the burners of gas-fired furnaces to
their maximum Btu input ratings at the normal test pressure
specified by section 7.1 of this appendix. Correct the burner input
rate to reflect gas characteristics at a temperature of 60 [deg]F
and atmospheric pressure of 30 in of Hg and adjust down to within
2 percent of the hourly Btu nameplate input rating
specified by the manufacturer as measured during the steady-state
performance test in section 8 of this appendix. Set the primary air
shutters in accordance with the I&O manual to give a good flame at
this condition. If, however, the setting results in the deposit of
carbon on the burners during any test specified herein, the tester
shall adjust the shutters and burners until no more carbon is
deposited and shall perform the tests again with the new settings
(see Figure 9 of ASHRAE 103-1993). After the steady-state
performance test has been started, do not make additional
adjustments to the burners during the required series of performance
tests specified in section 9 of ASHRAE 103-1993. If a vent-limiting
means is provided on a gas pressure regulator, keep it in place
during all tests.
7.3 Modulating gas burner adjustment at reduced input rate. For
gas-fired furnaces equipped with modulating-type controls, adjust
the controls to operate the unit at the nameplate minimum input
rate. If the modulating control is of a non-automatic type, adjust
the control to the setting recommended in the I&O manual. In the
absence of such recommendation, the midpoint setting of the non-
automatic control shall be used as the setting for determining the
reduced fuel input rate. Start the furnace by turning the safety
control valve to the ``ON'' position.
7.4 Oil burner. Adjust the burners of oil-fired furnaces to give
a CO2 reading specified in the I&O manual and an hourly
Btu input during the steady-state performance test described in
section 8 of this appendix. Ensure the hourly BTU input is within
2% of the normal hourly Btu input rating as specified in
the I&O manual. Smoke in the flue may not exceed a No. 1 smoke
during the steady-state performance test as measured by the
procedure in ASTM D2156R13). Maintain the average draft over the
fire and in the flue during the steady-state performance test at the
value specified in the I&O manual. Do not allow draft fluctuations
exceeding 0.005 in. water. Do not make additional adjustments to the
burner during the required series of performance tests. The
instruments and measuring apparatus for this test are described in
section 6 of this appendix and shown in Figure 8 of ASHRAE 103-1993.
7.5 Adjust air throughputs to achieve a temperature rise that is
the higher of a and b, below, unless c applies. A tolerance of
2 [deg]F is permitted.
a. 15 [deg]F less than the nameplate maximum temperature rise or
b. 15 [deg]F higher than the minimum temperature rise specified
in the I&O manual.
c. A furnace with a non-adjustable air temperature rise range
and an automatically controlled airflow that does not permit a
temperature rise range of 30 [deg]F or more must be tested at the
midpoint of the rise range.
7.6 Establish the temperature rise specified in section 7.5 of
this appendix by adjusting the circulating airflow. This adjustment
must be accomplished by symmetrically restricting the outlet air
duct and varying blower speed selection to obtain the desired
temperature rise and minimum external static pressure, as specified
in Table 4 of ASHRAE 103-1993. If the required temperature rise
cannot be obtained at the minimum specified external static pressure
by adjusting blower speed selection and duct outlet restriction,
then the following applies.
a. If the resultant temperature rise is less than the required
temperature rise, vary the blower speed by gradually adjusting the
blower voltage so as to maintain the minimum external static
pressure listed in Table 4 of ASHRAE 103-1993. The airflow
restrictions shall then remain unchanged. If static pressure must be
varied to prevent unstable blower operation, then increase the
static pressure until blower operation is stabilized, except that
the static pressure must not exceed the maximum external static
pressure as specified by the manufacturer in the I&O manual.
b. If the resultant temperature rise is greater than the
required temperature rise, then the unit can be tested at a higher
temperature rise value, but one not greater than nameplate maximum
temperature rise. In order not to exceed the maximum
[[Page 14646]]
temperature rise, the speed of a direct-driven blower may be
increased by increasing the circulating air blower motor voltage.
7.7 Measurement of jacket surface temperature. Divide the jacket
of the furnace into 6-inch squares when practical, and otherwise
into 36-square-inch regions comprising 4-inch by 9-inch or 3-inch by
12-inch sections, and determine the surface temperature at the
center of each square or section with a surface thermocouple. Record
the surface temperature of the 36-square-inch areas in groups where
the temperature differential of the 36-square-inch areas is less
than 10 [deg]F for temperature up to 100 [deg]F above room
temperature, and less than 20 [deg]F for temperatures more than 100
[deg]F above room temperature. For forced-air central furnaces, the
circulating air blower compartment is considered as part of the duct
system, and no surface temperature measurement of the blower
compartment needs to be recorded for the purpose of this test. For
downflow furnaces, measure all cabinet surface temperatures of the
heat exchanger and combustion section, including the bottom around
the outlet duct and the burner door, using the 36-square-inch
thermocouple grid. The cabinet surface temperatures around the
blower section do not need to be measured (See Figure 3-E of ASHRAE
103-1993).
7.8 Installation of vent system. Keep the vent or air intake
system supplied by the manufacturer in place during all tests. Test
units intended for installation with a variety of vent pipe lengths
with the minimum vent length as specified in the I&O manual, or a 5-
ft. flue pipe if there are no recommendations in the I&O manual. Do
not connect a furnace employing a direct vent system to a chimney or
induced-draft source. Vent combustion products solely by using the
venting incorporated in the furnace and the vent or air intake
system supplied by the manufacturer. For units that are not designed
to significantly preheat the incoming air, see section 7.4 of this
appendix and Figure 4a or 4b of ASHRAE 103-1993. For units that do
significantly preheat the incoming air, see Figure 4c or 4d of
ASHRAE 103-1993.
7.9 Additional optional method of testing for determining DP and
DF for furnaces. On units whose design is such that there is no
measurable airflow through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger
when the burner(s) is (are) off as determined by the optional test
procedure in section 7.9.1 of this appendix, DF and
DP may be set equal to 0.05.
7.9.1 Optional test method for indicating the absence of flow
through the heat exchanger. Manufacturers may use the following test
protocol to determine whether air flows through the combustion
chamber and heat exchanger when the burner(s) is (are) off. The
minimum default draft factor (as allowed per Sections 8.8.3 and 9.10
of ASHRAE 103-1993) may be used only for units determined pursuant
to this protocol to have no airflow through the combustion chamber
and heat exchanger.
7.9.1.1 Test apparatus. Use a smoke stick that produces smoke
that is easily visible and has a density less than or approximately
equal to air. Use a smoke stick that produces smoke that is non-
toxic to the test personnel and produces gas that is unreactive with
the environment in the test chamber.
7.9.1.2 Test conditions. Minimize all air currents and drafts in
the test chamber, including turning off ventilation if the test
chamber is mechanically ventilated. Wait at least two minutes
following the termination of the furnace on-cycle before beginning
the optional test method for indicating the absence of flow through
the heat exchanger.
7.9.1.3 Location of the test apparatus. After all air currents
and drafts in the test chamber have been eliminated or minimized,
position the smoke stick based on the following equipment
configuration:
(a) For horizontal combustion air intakes, approximately 4
inches from the vertical plane at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches below the bottom edge of the combustion air intake; or
(b) for vertical combustion air intakes, approximately 4 inches
horizontal from vent perimeter at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches down (parallel to the vertical axis of the vent).
7.9.1.4 Duration of test. Establish the presence of smoke from
the smoke stick and then monitor the direction of the smoke flow for
no less than 30 seconds.
7.9.1.5 Test results. During visual assessment, determine
whether there is any draw of smoke into the combustion air intake
vent.
(a) If absolutely no smoke is drawn into the combustion air
intake, the furnace meets the requirements to allow use of the
minimum default draft factor pursuant to Section 8.8.3 and/or
Section 9.10 of ASHRAE 103-1993.
(b) If there is any smoke drawn into the intake, proceed with
the methods of testing as prescribed in Section 8.8 of ASHRAE 103-
1993.
8.0 Test procedure. Conduct testing and measurements as
specified in Section 9 of ASHRAE 103-1993 except for Sections
9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.1.1, 9.5.1.2.1, 9.5.1.2.2, 9.7.4, and
9.10; and as specified in sections 8.1 through 8.10 of this
appendix. Section 8.4 of this appendix may be used in lieu of
Section 9.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993.
8.1 Fuel input. For gas units, measure and record the steady-
state gas input rate in Btu/hr, including pilot gas, corrected to
standard conditions of 60 [deg]F and 30 in. Hg. Use measured values
of gas temperature and pressure at the meter and barometric pressure
to correct the metered gas flow rate to the above standard
conditions. For oil units, measure and record the steady-state fuel
input rate.
8.2 Electrical input. During the steady-state test, perform a
single measurement of all of the electrical power involved in burner
operation (PE), including energizing the ignition system, controls,
gas valve or oil control valve, and draft inducer, if applicable.
During the steady-state test, perform a single measurement of
the electrical power to the circulating air blower (BE).
8.3 Input to interrupted ignition device. For burners equipped
with an interrupted ignition device, record the nameplate electric
power used by the ignition device, PEIG, or record that
PEIG = 0.4 kW if no nameplate power input is provided.
Record the nameplate ignition device on-time interval,
tIG, or, if the nameplate does not provide the ignition
device on-time interval, measure the on-time interval with a
stopwatch at the beginning of the test, starting when the burner is
turned on. Set tIG = 0 and PEIG = 0 if the
device on-time interval is less than or equal to 5 seconds after the
burner is on.
8.4 Optional test procedures for condensing furnaces,
measurement of condensate during the establishment of steady-state
conditions. For units with step-modulating or two-stage controls,
conduct the test at both the maximum and reduced inputs. In lieu of
collecting the condensate immediately after the steady state
conditions have been reached as required by Section 9.2 of ASHRAE
103-1993, condensate may be collected during the establishment of
steady state conditions as defined by Section 9.1.2.1 of ASHRAE 103-
1993. Perform condensate collection for at least 30 minutes. Measure
condensate mass immediately at the end of the collection period to
prevent evaporation loss from the sample. Record fuel input for the
30-minute condensate collection test period. Observe and record fuel
higher heating value (HHV), temperature, and pressures necessary for
determining fuel energy input (Qc,ss). Measure the fuel quantity and
HHV with errors no greater than 1%. The humidity for the room air
shall at no time exceed 80%. Determine the mass of condensate for
the establishment of steady state conditions (Mc,ss) in pounds by
subtracting the tare container weight from the total container and
condensate weight measured at the end of the 30-minute condensate
collection test period.
8.5 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled gravity and forced-
air central furnaces without stack dampers. Turn off the main burner
after completing steady-state testing, and measure the flue gas
temperature by means of the thermocouple grid described in Section
7.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 at 1.5 minutes
(TF,OFF(t3)) and 9 minutes
(TF,OFF(t4)) after shutting off the burner.
When taking these temperature readings, the integral draft diverter
must remain blocked and insulated, and the stack restriction must
remain in place. On atmospheric systems with an integral draft
diverter or draft hood and equipped with either an electromechanical
inlet damper or an electromechanical flue damper that closes within
10 seconds after the burner shuts off to restrict the flow through
the heat exchanger in the off-cycle, bypass or adjust the control
for the electromechanical damper so that the damper remains open
during the cool-down test.
For furnaces that employ post-purge, measure the length of the
post-purge period with a stopwatch. Record the time from burner
``OFF'' to combustion blower ``OFF'' (electrically de-energized) as
tP. If the measured tP is less than or equal
to 30 seconds, set tP at 0 and conduct the cool-down test
as if there is no post-purge. If tP is prescribed by the
I&O manual or measured to be greater than 180 seconds, stop the
combustion blower at 180 seconds and use that value for
tP. Measure the flue gas temperature by means of the
thermocouple grid described in Section 7.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 at the
end of the post-purge period,
[[Page 14647]]
tP(TF,OFF (tP)), and at the time
(1.5 + tP) minutes (TF,OFF(t3)) and
(9.0 + tP) minutes (TF,OFF(t4))
after the main burner shuts off.
8.6 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled gravity and forced-
air central furnaces without stack dampers and with adjustable fan
control. For a furnace with adjustable fan control, measure the time
delay between burner shutdown and blower shutdown, t\+\. This time
delay, t\+\, will be 3.0 minutes for non-condensing furnaces or 1.5
minutes for condensing furnaces or until the supply air temperature
drops to a value of 40 [deg]F above the inlet air temperature,
whichever results in the longest fan on-time. For a furnace without
adjustable fan control or with the type of adjustable fan control
whose range of adjustment does not allow for the time delay, t\+\,
specified above, bypass the fan control and manually control the fan
to allow for the appropriate delay time as specified in Section
9.5.1.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993. For a furnace that employs a single
motor to drive both the power burner and the indoor air circulating
blower, the power burner and indoor air circulating blower must be
stopped at the same time.
8.7 Direct measurement of off-cycle losses testing method.
[Reserved.]
8.8 Calculation options. The rate of the flue gas mass flow
through the furnace and the factors DP, DF,
and DS are calculated by the equations in Sections
11.6.1, 11.6.2, 11.6.3, 11.6.4, 11.7.1, and 11.7.2 of ASHRAE 103-
1993. On units whose design is such that there is no measurable
airflow through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger when the
burner(s) is (are) off (as determined by the optional test procedure
in section 7.9 of this appendix), DF and DP
may be set equal to 0.05.
8.10 Optional test procedures for condensing furnaces that have
no off-period flue losses. For units that have applied the test
method in section 7.9 of this appendix to determine that no
measurable airflow exists through the combustion chamber and heat
exchanger during the burner off-period and having post-purge periods
of less than 5 seconds, the cool-down and heat-up tests specified in
Sections 9.5 and 9.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993 may be omitted. In lieu of
conducting the cool-down and heat-up tests, the tester may use the
losses determined during the steady-state test described in Section
9.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993 when calculating heating seasonal efficiency,
EffyHS.
8.10 Measurement of electrical standby and off mode power.
8.10.1 Standby power measurement. With all electrical
auxiliaries of the furnace not activated, measure the standby power
(PW,SB) in accordance with the procedures in IEC 62301,
except that Section 8.5, Room Ambient Temperature, of ASHRAE 103-
1993 and the voltage provision of Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical
Supply, of ASHRAE 103-1993 shall apply in lieu of the corresponding
provisions of IEC 62301 at Section 4.2, Test room, and the voltage
specification of Section 4.3, Power supply. Frequency shall be 60Hz.
Clarifying further, IEC 62301 Section 4.4, Power measurement
instruments, and Section 5, Measurements, apply in lieu of ASHRAE
103-1993 Section 6.10, Energy Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that
all possible standby mode wattage for the entire appliance is
recorded, not just the standby mode wattage of a single auxiliary.
Round the recorded standby power (PW,SB) to the second
decimal place, except for loads greater than or equal to 10W, which
must be recorded to at least three significant figures.
8.10.2 Off mode power measurement. If the unit is equipped with
an off switch or there is an expected difference between off mode
power and standby mode power, measure off mode power
(PW,OFF) in accordance with the standby power
procedures in IEC 62301, except that Section 8.5, Room Ambient
Temperature, of ASHRAE 103-1993 and the voltage provision of Section
8.2.1.4, Electrical Supply, of ASHRAE 103-1993 shall apply in lieu
of the corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at Section 4.2, Test
room, and the voltage specification of Section 4.3, Power supply.
Frequency shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further, IEC 62301 Section 4.4,
Power measurement instruments, and Section 5, Measurements, apply
for this measurement in lieu of ASHRAE 103-1993 Section 6.10, Energy
Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that all possible off mode wattage
for the entire appliance is recorded, not just the off mode wattage
of a single auxiliary. If there is no expected difference in off
mode power and standby mode power, let PW,OFF =
PW,SB, in which case no separate measurement of off mode
power is necessary. Round the recorded off mode power
(PW,OFF) to the second decimal place, except for loads
greater than or equal to 10W, in which case round the recorded value
to at least three significant figures.
9.0 Nomenclature. Nomenclature includes the nomenclature
specified in Section 10 of ASHRAE 103-1993 and the following
additional variables:
Effmotor = Efficiency of power burner motor
PEIG = Electrical power to the interrupted ignition
device, kW
RT,a = RT,F if flue gas is measured
= RT,S if stack gas is measured
RT,F = Ratio of combustion air mass flow rate to
stoichiometric air mass flow rate
RT,S = Ratio of the sum of combustion air and relief air
mass flow rate to stoichiometric air mass flow rate
tIG = Electrical interrupted ignition device on-time,
min.
Ta,SS,X = TF,SS,X if flue gas temperature is
measured, [deg]F
= TS,SS,X if stack gas temperature is measured,
[deg]F
yIG = Ratio of electrical interrupted ignition device on-
time to average burner on-time
yP = Ratio of power burner combustion blower on-time to
average burner on-time
ESO = Average annual electric standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, in kilowatt-hours
PW,OFF = Furnace off mode power, in watts
PW,SB = Furnace standby mode power, in watts
10.0 Calculation of derived results from test measurements.
Perform calculations as specified in Section 11 of ASHRAE 103-1993,
except for Sections 11.5.11.1, 11.5.11.2, and appendices B and C;
and as specified in Sections 10.1 through 10.11 and Figure 1 of this
appendix.
10.1 Annual fuel utilization efficiency. The annual fuel
utilization efficiency (AFUE) is as defined in Sections 11.2.12
(non-condensing systems), 11.3.12 (condensing systems), 11.4.12
(non-condensing modulating systems) and 11.5.12 (condensing
modulating systems) of ASHRAE 103-1993, except for the definition
for the term EffyHS in the defining equation for AFUE.
EffyHS is defined as:
EffyHS = heating seasonal efficiency as defined in
Sections 11.2.11 (non-condensing systems), 11.3.11 (condensing
systems), 11.4.11 (non-condensing modulating systems) and 11.5.11
(condensing modulating systems) of ASHRAE 103-1993, except that for
condensing modulating systems Sections 11.5.11.1 and 11.5.11.2 are
replaced by Sections 10.2 and 10.3 of this appendix.
EffyHS is based on the assumptions that all weatherized
warm air furnaces are located outdoors and that non-weatherized warm
air furnaces are installed as isolated combustion systems.
10.2 Part-load efficiency at reduced fuel input rate. If the
option in Section 8.9 of this appendix is not employed, calculate
the part-load efficiency at the reduced fuel input rate,
EffyU,R, for condensing furnaces equipped with either
step-modulating or two-stage controls, expressed as a percent and
defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.000
[[Page 14648]]
If the option in section 8.9 of this appendix is employed,
calculate EffyU,R as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.001
Where:
LL,A = value as defined in Section 11.2.7 of ASHRAE 103-
1993,
LG = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.1 of ASHRAE 103-
1993, at reduced input rate,
LC = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.2 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at reduced input rate,
LJ = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
tON = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.11 of ASHRAE
103-1993,
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in accordance with
Section 9.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993 in Btu/h,
QIN = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE
103-1993,
tOFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.12 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at reduced input rate,
LS,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.5 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at reduced input rate,
LS,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.6 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at reduced input rate,
LI,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.7 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at reduced input rate,
LI,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.8 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at reduced input rate,
CJ = jacket loss factor and equal to:
= 0.0 for furnaces intended to be installed indoors
= 1.7 for furnaces intended to be installed as isolated
combustion systems
= 3.3 for furnaces intended to be installed outdoors
LS,SS = value as defined in Section 11.4.6 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at reduced input rate,
CS = value as defined in Section 11.3.10.1 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at reduced input rate.
10.3 Part-Load Efficiency at Maximum Fuel Input Rate. If the
option in section 8.9 of this appendix is not employed, calculate
the part-load efficiency at maximum fuel input rate,
EffyU,H, for condensing furnaces equipped with two-stage
controls, expressed as a percent and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.002
If the option in section 8.9 of this appendix is employed,
calculate EffyU,H as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.003
Where:
LL,A = value as defined in Section 11.2.7 of ASHRAE 103-
1993,
LG = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.1 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at maximum input rate,
LC = value as defined in Section 11.3.11.2 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at maximum input rate,
LJ = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
tON = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.11 of ASHRAE
103-1993,
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in accordance with
Section 9.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993 in Btu/h,
QIN = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE
103-1993,
tOFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.9.12 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
LS,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.5 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
LS,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.6 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
LI,ON = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.7 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
LI,OFF = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.8 of ASHRAE
103-1993 at maximum input rate,
CJ = value as defined in Section 10.2 of this appendix,
LS,SS = value as defined in Section 11.4.6 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at maximum input rate,
CS = value as defined in Section 11.4.10.1 of ASHRAE 103-
1993 at maximum input rate.
10.4 National average burner operating hours, average annual
fuel energy consumption, and average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil furnaces.
10.4.1 National average number of burner operating hours. For
furnaces equipped with single-stage controls, the national average
number of burner operating hours is defined as:
BOHSS = 2,080 (0.77) (A) DHR-2,080 (B)
Where:
2,080 = national average heating load hours
0.77 = adjustment factor to adjust the calculated design heating
requirement and heating load hours to the actual heating load
experienced by the heating system
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG
PEIG + y BE) + (QIN-QP)
EffyHS], for forced draft unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE Effmotor +
yIG PEIG + y BE) + (QIN-
QP) EffyHS], for
[[Page 14649]]
forced draft unit, isolated combustion system,
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1 - Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) + (QIN-
QP) EffyHS], for induced draft unit, indoors,
and
= 100,000/[341,200 (yIG PEIG + y BE) +
(QIN-QP) EffyHS], for induced draft
unit, isolated combustion system.
DHR = typical design heating requirements as listed in Table 8 (in
kBtu/h) of ASHRAE 103-1993, using the proper value of
QOUT defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993.
B = 2 QP (EffyHS) (A)/100,000
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not provided
by the manufacturer.
100,000 = factor that accounts for percent and kBtu
yP = ratio of induced or forced draft blower on-time to
average burner on-time, as follows:
1 for units without post-purge;
1 + (tP/3.87) for single stage furnaces with post
purge; or
1 + (tP/10) for two-stage and step modulating
furnaces with post purge.
PE = all electrical power related to burner operation at full load
steady-state operation, including electrical ignition device if
energized, controls, gas valve or oil control valve, and draft
inducer, as determined in section 8.2 of this appendix.
yIG = ratio of burner interrupted ignition device on-time
to average burner on-time, as follows:
0 for burners not equipped with interrupted ignition device;
(tIG/3.87) for single-stage furnaces; or
(tIG/10) for two-stage and step modulating furnaces;
PEIG = electrical input rate to the interrupted ignition
device on burner (if employed), as defined in section 8.3 of this
appendix
y = ratio of blower on-time to average burner on-time, as follows:
1 for furnaces without fan delay;
1 + (t+ - t-)/3.87 for single-stage
furnaces with fan delay; or
1 + (t+ - t-)/10 for two-stage and step
modulating furnaces with fan delay.
BE = circulating air fan electrical energy input rate at full-load
steady-state operation as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix.
tP = post-purge time as defined in section 8.5 of this
appendix
= 0 if tP is equal to or less than 30 seconds
tIG = on-time of the burner interrupted ignition device,
as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ASHRAE 103-1993
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.2.11 (non-condensing
systems) or Section 11.3.11.3 (condensing systems) of ASHRAE 103-
1993, percent, and calculated on the basis of:
isolated combustion system installation, for non-weatherized
warm air furnaces; or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are weatherized.
2 = ratio of the average length of the heating season in hours to
the average heating load hours
t+ = delay time between burner shutoff and the blower
shutoff measured as defined in Section 9.5.1.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993
t- = as defined in Section 9.6.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
10.4.1.1 For furnaces equipped with two stage or step modulating
controls the average annual energy used during the heating season,
EM, is defined as:
EM = (QIN - QP) BOHSS +
(8,760 - 4,600) QP
Where:
QIN = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ASHRAE 103-1993
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix, in
which the weighted EffyHS as defined in Section 11.4.11.3
or 11.5.11.3 of ASHRAE 103-1993 is used for calculating the values
of A and B, the term DHR is based on the value of QOUT
defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or 11.5.8.1.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993, and
the term (yPPE + yIGPEIG + yBE) in
the factor A is increased by the factor R, which is defined as:
R = 2.3 for two stage controls
= 2.3 for step modulating controls when the ratio of minimum-
to-maximum output is greater than or equal to 0.5
= 3.0 for step modulating controls when the ratio of minimum-
to-maximum output is less than 0.5
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG
PEIG + y BE) R + (QIN - QP)
EffyHS], for forced draft unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE Effmotor +
yIG PEIG + y BE) R + (QIN -
QP) EffyHS], for forced draft unit, isolated
combustion system,
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1 - Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) R + (QIN -
QP) EffyHS], for induced draft unit, indoors,
and
= 100,000/[341,200 (yIG PEIG + y BE) R +
(QIN - QP) EffyHS], for induced
draft unit, isolated combustion system.
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not provided
by the manufacturer.
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.4.11.3 or 11.5.11.3 of
ASHRAE 103-1993, and calculated on the basis of:
isolated combustion system installation, for non-weatherized
warm air furnaces; or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are weatherized.
8,760 = total number of hours per year
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ASHRAE 103-1993
10.4.1.2 For furnaces equipped with two-stage or step-modulating
controls, the national average number of burner operating hours at
the reduced operating mode (BOHR) is defined as:
BOHR = XR EM/QIN,R
Where:
XR = as defined in Section 11.4.8.7 of ASHRAE 103-1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of ASHRAE 103-
1993
10.4.1.3 For furnaces equipped with two-stage controls, the
national average number of burner operating hours at the maximum
operating mode (BOHH) is defined as:
BOHH = XH EM/QIN
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
10.4.1.4 For furnaces equipped with step-modulating controls,
the national average number of burner operating hours at the
modulating operating mode (BOHM) is defined as:
BOHM = XH EM/QIN,M
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of ASHRAE 103-1993
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
QIN,M = QOUT,M/(EffySS,M/100)
QOUT,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.10 or 11.5.8.10 of
ASHRAE 103-1993, as appropriate
EffySS,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.8 or 11.5.8.8 of
ASHRAE 103-1993, as appropriate, in percent
100 = factor that accounts for percent
10.4.2 Average annual fuel energy consumption for gas or oil
fueled furnaces. For furnaces equipped with single-stage controls,
the average annual fuel energy consumption (EF) is
expressed in Btu per year and defined as:
EF = BOHSS (QIN - QP) +
8,760 QP
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ASHRAE 103-1993
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
10.4.2.1 For furnaces equipped with either two-stage or step
modulating controls, EF is defined as:
EF = EM + 4,600 QP
Where:
EM = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ASHRAE 103-1993
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ASHRAE 103-1993
10.4.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption
for gas or oil-fueled furnaces. For furnaces equipped with single-
stage controls, the average annual auxiliary
[[Page 14650]]
electrical consumption (EAE) is expressed in kilowatt-
hours and defined as:
EAE = BOHSS (yP PE + yIG
PEIG + yBE) + ESO
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PE = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
BE = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this appendix
10.4.3.1 For furnaces equipped with two-stage controls,
EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP PER +
yIG PEIG + yBER) + BOHH
(yP PEH + yIG PEIG + y
BEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.4.1.2 of this appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
BOHH = as defined in section 10.4.1.3 of this appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this appendix
10.4.3.2 For furnaces equipped with step-modulating controls,
EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP PER +
yIG PEIG + y BER) + BOHM
(yP PEH + yIG PEIG + y
BEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.4.1.2 of this appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
yIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
y = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
BOHM = as defined in 10.4.1.4 of this appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this appendix
10.5 Average annual electric energy consumption for electric
furnaces. For electric furnaces, the average annual electrical
energy consumption (EE) is expressed in kilowatt-hours
and defined as:
EE = 100 (2,080) (0.77) DHR/(3.412 AFUE) + ESO
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
3.412 = conversion factor from watt-hours to Btu
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993, in percent,
and calculated on the basis of:
Isolated combustion system installation, for non-weatherized
warm air furnaces; or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are weatherized.
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this appendix.
10.6 Energy factor.
10.6.1 Energy factor for gas or oil furnaces. Calculate the
energy factor, EF, for gas or oil furnaces defined as, in percent:
EF = (EF - 4,600 (QP))(EffyHS)/
(EF + 3,412 (EAE))
Where:
EF = average annual fuel consumption as defined in
section 10.4.2 of this appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ASHRAE 103-1993
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in accordance with
Section 9.2 of ASHRAE 103-1993 in Btu/h
EffyHS = annual fuel utilization efficiency as defined in
Sections 11.2.11, 11.3.11, 11.4.11 or 11.5.11 of ASHRAE 103-1993, in
percent, and calculated on the basis of:
Isolated combustion system installation, for non-weatherized
warm air furnaces; or
outdoor installation, for furnaces that are weatherized.
3,412 = conversion factor from kW to Btu/h
EAE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
10.6.2 Energy factor for electric furnaces. The energy factor,
EF, for electric furnaces is defined as:
EF = AFUE
Where:
AFUE = annual fuel utilization efficiency as defined in section
10.4.3 of this appendix, in percent
10.7 Average annual energy consumption for furnaces located in a
different geographic region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
10.7.1 Average annual fuel energy consumption for gas or oil-
fueled furnaces located in a different geographic region of the
United States and in buildings with different design heating
requirements. For gas or oil-fueled furnaces, the average annual
fuel energy consumption for a specific geographic region and a
specific typical design heating requirement (EFR) is
expressed in Btu per year and defined as:
EFR = (EF - 8,760 QP) (HLH/2,080) +
8,760 QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.4.2 of this appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ASHRAE 103-1993
HLH = heating load hours for a specific geographic region determined
from the heating load hour map in Figure 1 of this appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
10.7.2 Average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption
for gas or oil-fueled furnaces located in a different geographic
region of the United States and in buildings with different design
heating requirements. For gas or oil-fueled furnaces, the average
annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption for a specific
geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement
(EAER) is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAER = (EAE - ESO) (HLH/2080) +
ESOR
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.11 of this appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.7.1 of this appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
ESOR = as defined in section 10.7.3 of this appendix.
10.7.3 Average annual electric energy consumption for electric
furnaces located in a different geographic region of the United
States and in buildings with different design heating requirements.
For electric furnaces, the average annual electric energy
consumption for a specific geographic region and a specific typical
design heating requirement (EER) is expressed in
kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EER = 100 (0.77) DHR HLH/(3.412 AFUE) + ESOR
Where:
100 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.7.1 of this appendix
3.412 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
[[Page 14651]]
AFUE = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
ESOR = ESO as defined in section 10.11 of this
appendix, except that in the equation for ESO, the term
BOH is multiplied by the expression (HLH/2080) to get the
appropriate regional accounting of standby mode and off mode loss.
10.8 Annual energy consumption for mobile home furnaces.
10.8.1 National average number of burner operating hours for
mobile home furnaces (BOHSS). BOHSS is the same as in
section 10.4.1 of this appendix, except that the value of
EffyHS in the calculation of the burner operating hours,
BOHSS, is calculated on the basis of a direct vent unit
with system number 9 or 10.
10.8.2 Average annual fuel energy for mobile home furnaces (EF).
EF is same as in section 10.4.2 of this appendix except
that the burner operating hours, BOHSS, is calculated as
specified in section 10.8.1 of this appendix.
10.8.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption
for mobile home furnaces (EAE). EAE is the same as in
section 10.4.3 of this appendix, except that the burner operating
hours, BOHSS, is calculated as specified in section
10.8.1 of this appendix.
10.9 Calculation of sales weighted average annual energy
consumption for mobile home furnaces. To reflect the distribution of
mobile homes to geographical regions with average HLHMHF
values different from 2,080, adjust the annual fossil fuel and
auxiliary electrical energy consumption values for mobile home
furnaces using the following adjustment calculations.
10.9.1 For mobile home furnaces, the sales weighted average
annual fossil fuel energy consumption is expressed in Btu per year
and defined as:
EF,MHF = (EF - 8,760 QP)
HLHMHF/2,080 + 8,760 QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.8.2 of this appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.4.1.1 of this appendix
QP = as defined in section 10.2 of this appendix
HLHMHF = 1880, sales weighted average heating load hours
for mobile home furnaces
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
10.9.2 For mobile home furnaces, the sales-weighted-average
annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption is expressed in
kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAE,MHF = EAE HLHMHF/2,080
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.8.3 of this appendix
HLHMHF = as defined in section 10.9.1 of this appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
10.10 Direct determination of off-cycle losses for furnaces
equipped with thermal stack dampers. [Reserved]
10.11 Average annual electrical standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. Calculate the annual electrical standby mode and off
mode energy consumption (ESO) in kilowatt-hours, defined
as:
ESO = (PW,SB (4160 - BOH) + 4600
PW,OFF) K
Where:
PW,SB = furnace standby mode power, in watts, as measured
in section 8.10.1 of this appendix
4,160 = average heating season hours per year
BOH = total burner operating hours as calculated in section 10.4 of
this appendix for gas or oil-fueled furnaces. Where for gas or oil-
fueled furnaces equipped with single-stage controls, BOH =
BOHSS; for gas or oil-fueled furnaces equipped with two-
stage controls, BOH = (BOHR + BOHH); and for
gas or oil-fueled furnaces equipped with step-modulating controls,
BOH = (BOHR + BOHM). For electric furnaces,
BOH = 100(2080)(0.77)DHR/(Ein 3.412(AFUE))
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ASHRAE 103-1993
PW,OFF = furnace off mode power, in watts, as measured in
section 8.10.2 of this appendix
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh, conversion factor from watt-hours to kilowatt-
hours
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
DHR = as defined in section 10.4.1 of this appendix
Ein = steady-state electric rated power, in kilowatts,
from Section 9.3 of ASHRAE 103-1993
3.412 = as defined in section 10.4.3 of this appendix
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ASHRAE 103-1993 in percent
[[Page 14652]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.004
0
8. Appendix EE to subpart B of part 430 is added to read as follows:
Appendix EE to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Consumer Boilers
0. Incorporation by reference
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3, the entire
standard for ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, ANSI/ASHRAE 41.6-2014, ASTM
D2156-09 (R2018), and IEC 62301. However, only enumerated provisions
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 are applicable to this appendix, as follows:
(1) ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
(i) section 2 ``Scope'' as referenced in section 1.0 of this
appendix;
(ii) section 3 ``Definitions'' as referenced in section 2.0 of
this appendix;
(iii) section 4 ``Classifications'' as referenced in section 3.0
of this appendix;
(iv) section 5 ``Requirements'' as referenced in section 4.0 of
this appendix;
(v) section 6 ``Instruments'' as referenced in section 5.0 of
this appendix;
(vi) section 7 ``Apparatus'' (except for sections 7.1 and 7.8)
as referenced in section 6.0 of this appendix;
(vii) section 8 ``Methods of Testing'' (except for sections
8.3.1.3, 8.3.3.1, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.1, 8.4.1.2, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and
8.8.3) as referenced in section 7.0 of this appendix;
(viii) section 9 ``Test Procedure'' (except for 9.1.2.2.1,
9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.2.1, 9.7.4, and 9.10) as referenced in section 8.0 of
this appendix;
(ix) section 10 ``Nomenclature'' as referenced in section 9.0 of
this appendix; and
(x) section 11 ``Calculations'' as referenced in section 10.0 of
this appendix.
In cases where there is a conflict, the language of the test
procedure in this appendix takes precedence over the incorporated
standards.
1.0 Scope. The scope of this appendix is as specified in Section
2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 as it pertains to low pressure steam or
hot water boiler and electric boilers.
2.0 Definitions. Definitions include those specified in Section
3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and the following additional and modified
definitions.
Active mode means the condition in which the boiler is connected
to the power source, and at least one of the burner, electric
resistance elements, or any electrical auxiliaries such as blowers
or pumps, are activated.
Boiler pump means a pump installed on a boiler and that is
separate from the circulating water pump.
Draft inducer means a fan incorporated in the boiler that either
draws or forces air into the combustion chamber.
Gas valve means an automatic or semi-automatic device consisting
essentially of a valve and operator that controls the gas supply to
the burner(s) during normal operation of an appliance. The operator
may be actuated by application of gas pressure on a flexible
diaphragm, by electrical means, by mechanical means or by other
means.
Installation and operation (I&O) manual means instructions for
installing, commissioning, and operating the boiler, which are
supplied with the product when shipped by the manufacturer.
Off mode means a mode in which the boiler is connected to a
mains power source and is not providing any active mode or standby
mode function, and where the mode may persist for an indefinite
time. The existence of an off switch in off position (a disconnected
circuit) is included within the classification of off mode.
Off switch means the switch on the boiler that, when activated,
results in a measurable change in energy consumption between the
standby and off modes.
Oil control valve means an automatically or manually operated
device consisting of an oil valve for controlling the fuel supply to
a burner to regulate burner input.
Standby mode means any mode in which the boiler is connected to
a mains power source and offers one or more of the following space
heating functions that may persist:
a. To facilitate the activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of active mode) by remote switch
(including thermostat or remote control), internal or external
sensors, or timer;
[[Page 14653]]
b. Continuous functions, including information or status
displays or sensor-based functions.
Thermal stack damper means a type of stack damper that relies
exclusively upon the changes in temperature in the stack gases to
open or close the damper.
3.0 Classifications. Classifications are as specified in Section
4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
4.0 Requirements. Requirements are as specified in Section 5 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
5.0 Instruments. Instruments must be as specified in Section 6
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
6.0 Apparatus. The apparatus used in conjunction with the boiler
during the testing must be as specified in Section 7 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017 except for sections 7.1 and 7.8; and as specified in
sections 6.1 and 6.2 of this appendix.
6.1 General.
a. Install the boiler in the test room in accordance with the
I&O manual, as defined in section 2.5 of this appendix, except that
if provisions within this appendix are specified, then the
provisions herein drafted and prescribed by DOE govern. If the I&O
manual and any additional provisions of this appendix are not
sufficient for testing a boiler, the manufacturer must request a
waiver from the test procedure pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27.
b. The apparatuses described in section 6 of this appendix are
used in conjunction with the boiler during testing. Each piece of
apparatus shall conform to material and construction specifications
listed in this appendix and in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and the
reference standards cited in this appendix and in ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
c. Test rooms containing equipment must have suitable facilities
for providing the utilities (including but not limited to
environmental controls, sufficient fluid source(s), applicable
measurement equipment, and any other technology or tools) necessary
for performance of the test and must be able to maintain conditions
within the limits specified in section 6 of this appendix.
6.2 Condensate collection. Attach condensate drain lines to the
unit as specified in the I&O manual. Maintain a continuous downward
slope of drain lines from the unit. Additional precautions (such as
eliminating any line configuration or position that would otherwise
restrict or block the flow of condensate or checking to ensure a
proper connection with condensate drain spout that allows for
unobstructed flow) must be taken to facilitate uninterrupted flow of
condensate during the test. Collection containers must be glass or
polished stainless steel to facilitate removal of interior deposits.
The collection container must have a vent opening to the atmosphere.
7.0 Testing conditions. The testing conditions must be as
specified in Section 8 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, except for Sections
8.3.1.3, 8.3.3.1, 8.4.1.1, 8.4.1.1.1, 8.4.1.2, 8.6.1.1, 8.7.2, and
8.8.3; and as specified in sections 7.1 to 7.8 of this appendix,
respectively. For condensing furnaces and boilers, the relative
humidity of the room air shall be measured in accordance with one of
the methods described in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.6-2014 (see Section
8.5 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017).
7.1 Fuel supply, gas. In conducting the tests specified herein,
gases with characteristics as shown in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 shall be used. Maintain the gas supply, ahead of all controls
for a boiler, at a test pressure between the normal and increased
values shown in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. Maintain the
regulator outlet pressure at a level approximating that recommended
in the I&O manual, as defined in section 2.5 of this appendix, or,
in the absence of such recommendation, to the regulator settings
used when the product is shipped by the manufacturer. Use a gas
having a specific gravity as shown in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 and with a higher heating value within 5% of the
higher heating value shown in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
Determine the actual higher heating value in Btu per standard cubic
foot for the gas to be used in the test within an error no greater
than 1%.
7.2 Installation of piping. Install piping equipment in
accordance with the I&O manual. In the absence of such
specification, install piping in accordance with Section 8.3.1.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
7.3 Gas burner. Adjust the burners of gas-fired boilers to their
maximum Btu input ratings at the normal test pressure specified by
section 7.1 of this appendix. Correct the burner input rate to
reflect gas characteristics at a temperature of 60 [deg]F and
atmospheric pressure of 30 in of Hg and adjust to within 2 percent of the hourly Btu nameplate input rating specified
by the manufacturer as measured at the maximum input rate during the
steady-state performance test in section 8 of this appendix. Set the
primary air shutters in accordance with the I&O manual to give a
good flame at this condition. If, however, the setting results in
the deposit of carbon on the burners during any test specified
herein, the tester shall adjust the shutters and burners until no
more carbon is deposited and shall perform the tests again with the
new settings (see Figure 9 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017). After the
steady-state performance test has been started, do not make
additional adjustments to the burners during the required series of
performance tests specified in Section 9 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. If
a vent-limiting means is provided on a gas pressure regulator, keep
it in place during all tests.
7.4 Modulating gas burner adjustment at reduced input rate. For
gas-fired boilers equipped with modulating-type controls, adjust the
controls to operate the unit at the nameplate minimum input rate. If
the modulating control is of a non-automatic type, adjust the
control to the setting recommended in the I&O manual. In the absence
of such recommendation, the midpoint setting of the non-automatic
control shall be used as the setting for determining the reduced
fuel input rate. Start the boiler by turning the safety control
valve to the ``ON'' position. Use a supply water temperature that
will allow for continuous operation without shutoff by the control.
If necessary to achieve such continuous operation, supply water may
be increased above 120 [deg]F; in such cases, gradually increase the
supply water temperature to determine what minimum supply water
temperature, with a 20 [deg]F temperature rise across the boiler,
will be needed to adjust for the minimum input rate at the reduced
input rate control setting. Monitor regulated gas pressure out of
the modulating control valve (or entering the burner) to determine
when no further reduction of gas pressure results. The flow rate of
water through the boiler shall be adjusted to achieve a 20 [deg]F
temperature rise.
7.5 Oil burner. Adjust the burners of oil-fired boilers to give
a CO2 reading specified in the I&O manual and an hourly
Btu input within 2% of the hourly Btu nameplate input
rating as specified in the I&O manual and as measured at maximum
input rate during steady-state performance test as described in
section 8 of this appendix. Smoke in the flue may not exceed a No. 1
smoke during the steady-state performance test as measured by the
procedure in ASTM D2156-09 (R2018). Maintain the average draft over
the fire and in the flue during the steady-state performance test at
the value specified in the I&O manual. Do not allow draft
fluctuations exceeding 0.005 in. water. Do not make additional
adjustments to the burner during the required series of performance
tests. The instruments and measuring apparatus for this test are
described in section 6 of this appendix and shown in Figure 8 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
7.6 Measurement of jacket surface temperature. Divide the jacket
of the boiler into 6-inch squares when practical, and otherwise into
36-square-inch regions comprising 4 inch by 9 inch or 3 inch by 12
inch sections, and determine the surface temperature at the center
of each square or section with a surface thermocouple. Record the
surface temperature of the 36-square-inch areas in groups where the
temperature differential of the 36-square-inch areas is less than 10
[deg]F for temperature up to 100 [deg]F above room temperature, and
less than 20 [deg]F for temperatures more than 100 [deg]F above room
temperature.
7.7 Installation of vent system. Keep the vent or air intake
system supplied by the manufacturer in place during all tests. Test
units intended for installation with a variety of vent pipe lengths
with the minimum vent length as specified in the I&O manual, or a 5-
ft. flue pipe if there are no recommendations in the I&O manual. Do
not connect a boiler employing a direct vent system to a chimney or
induced-draft source. Vent combustion products solely by using the
venting incorporated in the boiler and the vent or air intake system
supplied by the manufacturer. For units that are not designed to
significantly preheat the incoming air, see section 7.5 of this
appendix and Figure 4a or 4b of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017. For units that
do significantly preheat the incoming air, see Figure 4c or 4d of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
7.8 Additional optional method of testing for determining DP and
DF. On units whose design is such that there is no measurable
[[Page 14654]]
airflow through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger when the
burner(s) is (are) off as determined by the optional test procedure
in section 7.8.1 of this appendix, DF and DP
may be set equal to 0.05.
7.8.1 Optional test method for indicating the absence of flow
through the heat exchanger. Manufacturers may use the following test
protocol to determine whether air flows through the combustion
chamber and heat exchanger when the burner(s) is (are) off. The
minimum default draft factor (as allowed per Sections 8.8.3 and 9.10
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017) may be used only for units determined
pursuant to this protocol to have no airflow through the combustion
chamber and heat exchanger.
7.8.1.1 Test apparatus. Use a smoke stick that produces smoke
that is easily visible and has a density less than or approximately
equal to air. Use a smoke stick that produces smoke that is non-
toxic to the test personnel and produces gas that is unreactive with
the environment in the test chamber.
7.8.1.2 Test conditions. Minimize all air currents and drafts in
the test chamber, including turning off ventilation if the test
chamber is mechanically ventilated. Wait at least two minutes
following the termination of the boiler on-cycle before beginning
the optional test method for indicating the absence of flow through
the heat exchanger.
7.8.1.3 Location of the test apparatus. After all air currents
and drafts in the test chamber have been eliminated or minimized,
position the smoke stick based on the following equipment
configuration:
(a) For horizontal combustion air intakes, approximately 4
inches from the vertical plane at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches below the bottom edge of the combustion air intake; or
(b) for vertical combustion air intakes, approximately 4 inches
horizontal from vent perimeter at the termination of the intake vent
and 4 inches down (parallel to the vertical axis of the vent). In
the instance where the boiler combustion air intake is closer than 4
inches to the floor, place the smoke device directly on the floor
without impeding the flow of smoke.
7.8.1.4 Duration of test. Establish the presence of smoke from
the smoke stick and then monitor the direction of the smoke flow for
no less than 30 seconds.
7.8.1.5 Test results. During visual assessment, determine
whether there is any draw of smoke into the combustion air intake
vent.
If absolutely no smoke is drawn into the combustion air intake,
the boiler meets the requirements to allow use of the minimum
default draft factor pursuant to Section 8.8.3 and/or Section 9.10
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
If there is any smoke drawn into the intake, proceed with the
methods of testing as prescribed in Section 8.8 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
8.0 Test procedure. Conduct testing and measurements as
specified in Section 9 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017) except for Sections
9.1.2.2.1, 9.1.2.2.2, 9.5.2.1, 9.7.4, and 9.10; and as specified in
sections 8.1 through 8.9 of this appendix. Section 8.4 of this
appendix may be used in lieu of Section 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
8.1 Fuel input. For gas units, measure and record the steady-
state gas input rate in Btu/h, including pilot gas, corrected to
standard conditions of 60 [deg]F and 30 in. Hg. Use measured values
of gas temperature and pressure at the meter and barometric pressure
to correct the metered gas flow rate to the above standard
conditions. For oil units, measure and record the steady-state fuel
input rate. For maximum input rate, the measured burner input rate
shall be within 2% of the hourly Btu nameplate input
rating (QIN) specified by the manufacturer. For
modulating furnaces and boilers operating at reduced input rate, the
measured reduced heat input rate (QIN,R) shall be
recorded. At the discretion of the one testing, the hourly Btu
nameplate minimum input rating specified by the manufacturer may be
used in the calculations in place of QIN,R if the
measured rate is within 2% of the nameplate rating.
8.2 Electrical input. During the steady-state test, perform a
single measurement of all of the electrical power involved in burner
operation (PE), including energizing the ignition system, controls,
gas valve or oil control valve, and draft inducer, if applicable.
For boilers, the measurement of PE must include the boiler pump if
so equipped. If the boiler pump does not operate during the
measurement of PE, add the boiler pump nameplate power to the
measurement of PE. If the boiler pump nameplate power is not
available, use 0.13 kW. For hot water boilers, use the circulating
water pump nameplate power for BE, or if the pump nameplate power is
not available, use 0.13 kW.
8.3 Input to interrupted ignition device. For burners equipped
with an interrupted ignition device, record the nameplate electric
power used by the ignition device, PEIG, or record that
PEIG = 0.4 kW if no nameplate power input is provided.
Record the nameplate ignition device on-time interval,
tIG, or, if the nameplate does not provide the ignition
device on-time interval, measure the on-time interval with a
stopwatch at the beginning of the test, starting when the burner is
turned on. Set tIG = 0 and PEIG = 0 if the
device on-time interval is less than or equal to 5 seconds after the
burner is on.
8.4 Optional test procedures for condensing boilers, measurement
of condensate during the establishment of steady-state conditions.
For units with step-modulating or two-stage controls, conduct the
test at both the maximum and reduced inputs. In lieu of collecting
the condensate immediately after the steady state conditions have
been reached as required by Section 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017,
condensate may be collected during the establishment of steady state
conditions as defined by Section 9.1.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
Perform condensate collection for at least 30 minutes. Measure
condensate mass immediately at the end of the collection period to
prevent evaporation loss from the sample. Record fuel input for the
30-minute condensate collection test period. Observe and record fuel
higher heating value (HHV), temperature, and pressures necessary for
determining fuel energy input (Qc,ss). Measure the fuel quantity and
HHV with errors no greater than 1%. The humidity for the room air
shall at no time exceed 80%. Determine the mass of condensate for
the establishment of steady state conditions (Mc,ss) in pounds by
subtracting the tare container weight from the total container and
condensate weight measured at the end of the 30-minute condensate
collection test period.
8.5 Cool-down test for gas- and oil-fueled boilers without stack
dampers. After steady-state testing has been completed, turn the
main burner(s) ``OFF'' and measure the flue gas temperature at 3.75
minutes (temperature designated as TF,OFF(t3))
and 22.5 minutes (temperature designated as
TF,OFF(t4)) after the burner shut-off using
the thermocouple grid described in Section 7.6 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
a. During this off-period, for units that do not have pump delay
after shut-off, do not allow any water to circulate through the hot
water boilers.
b. For units that have pump delay on shut-off, except those
having pump controls sensing water temperature, the unit control
must stop the pump. Measure and record the time between burner shut-
off and pump shut-off (t\+\) to the nearest second.
c. For units having pump delay controls that sense water
temperature, operate the pump for 15 minutes and record t\+\ as 15
minutes. While the pump is operating, maintain the inlet water
temperature and flow rate at the same values as used during the
steady-state test, as specified in Sections 9.1 and 8.4.2.3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017.
d. For boilers that employ post-purge, measure the length of the
post-purge period with a stopwatch. Record the time from burner
``OFF'' to combustion blower ``OFF'' (electrically de-energized) as
tP. Measure the flue gas temperature by means of the
thermocouple grid described in Section 7.6 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
at the end of the post-purge period tP
(TF,OFF(tP)) and at (3.75 + tP)
minutes (TF,OFF(t3)) and (22.5 +
tP) minutes (TF,OFF(t4)) after the
main burner shuts off. If tP is prescribed by the I&O
manual or measured to be greater than 3 minutes, also measure the
flue gas temperature at the midpoint of the post-purge period
tP/2 (TF,OFF(tP/2)). If the
measured tP is less than or equal to 30 seconds, record
tP as 0 and conduct the cool-down test as if there is no
post-purge.
8.6 Direct measurement of off-cycle losses testing method.
[Reserved.]
8.7 Calculation options. The rate of the flue gas mass flow
through the boiler and the factors DP, DF, and
DS are calculated by the equations in Sections 11.6.1,
11.6.2, 11.6.3, 11.6.4, 11.7.1, and 11.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
On units whose design is such that there is no measurable airflow
through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger when the burner(s)
is (are) off (as determined by the optional test procedure in
section 7.8 of this appendix), DF and DP may
be set equal to 0.05.
8.8 Optional test procedures for condensing boilers that have no
off-period flue losses. For units that have applied the test method
in section 7.8 of this appendix to determine that no measurable
airflow exists through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger
during the burner off-period
[[Page 14655]]
and having post-purge periods of less than 30 seconds, the cool-down
and heat-up tests specified in Sections 9.5 and 9.6 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017 may be omitted. In lieu of conducting the cool-down and
heat-up tests, the tester may use the losses determined during the
steady-state test described in Section 9.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
when calculating heating seasonal efficiency, EffyHS.
8.9 Measurement of electrical standby and off mode power.
8.9.1 Standby power measurement. With all electrical auxiliaries
of the boiler not activated, measure the standby power
(PW,SB) in accordance with the procedures in IEC 62301,
except that Section 8.5, Room Ambient Temperature, of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017 and the voltage provision of Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical
Supply, of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 shall apply in lieu of the
corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at Section 4.2, Test room, and
the voltage specification of Section 4.3, Power supply. Frequency
shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further, IEC 62301 Section 4.4, Power
measurement instruments, and Section 5, Measurements, apply in lieu
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 Section 6.10, Energy Flow Rate. Measure the
wattage so that all possible standby mode wattage for the entire
appliance is recorded, not just the standby mode wattage of a single
auxiliary. Round the recorded standby power (PW,SB) to
the second decimal place, except for loads greater than or equal to
10W, which must be recorded to at least three significant figures.
8.9.2 Off mode power measurement. If the unit is equipped with
an off switch or there is an expected difference between off mode
power and standby mode power, measure off mode power
(PW,OFF) in accordance with the standby power
procedures in IEC 62301, except that Section 8.5, Room Ambient
Temperature, of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and the voltage provision of
Section 8.2.1.4, Electrical Supply, of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 shall
apply in lieu of the corresponding provisions of IEC 62301 at
Section 4.2, Test room, and the voltage specification of Section
4.3, Power supply. Frequency shall be 60Hz. Clarifying further, IEC
62301 Section 4.4, Power measurement instruments, and Section 5,
Measurements, apply for this measurement in lieu of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017 Section 6.10, Energy Flow Rate. Measure the wattage so that all
possible off mode wattage for the entire appliance is recorded, not
just the off mode wattage of a single auxiliary. If there is no
expected difference in off mode power and standby mode power, let
PW,OFF = PW,SB, in which case no separate
measurement of off mode power is necessary. Round the recorded off
mode power (PW,OFF) to the second decimal place, except
for loads greater than or equal to 10W, in which case round the
recorded value to at least three significant figures.
9.0 Nomenclature. Nomenclature includes the nomenclature
specified in Section 10 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 and the following
additional variables:
Effmotor = Efficiency of power burner motor
PEIG = Electrical power to the interrupted ignition
device, kW
RT,a = RT,F if flue gas is measured
= RT,S if stack gas is measured
RT,F = Ratio of combustion air mass flow rate to
stoichiometric air mass flow rate
RT,S = Ratio of the sum of combustion air and relief air
mass flow rate to stoichiometric air mass flow rate
tIG = Electrical interrupted ignition device on-time,
min.
Ta,SS,X = TF,SS,X if flue gas temperature is
measured, [deg]F
= TS,SS,X if stack gas temperature is measured,
[deg]F
yIG = Ratio of electrical interrupted ignition device on-
time to average burner on-time
yP = Ratio of power burner combustion blower on-time to
average burner on-time
ESO = Average annual electric standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, in kilowatt-hours
PW,OFF = Boiler off mode power, in watts
PW,SB = Boiler standby mode power, in watts
10.0 Calculation of derived results from test measurements.
Perform calculations as specified in Section 11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017, except for appendices B and C; and as specified in sections
10.1 through 10.7 and Figure 1 of this appendix.
10.1 Annual fuel utilization efficiency. The annual fuel
utilization efficiency (AFUE) is as defined in Sections 11.2.12
(non-condensing systems), 11.3.12 (condensing systems), 11.4.12
(non-condensing modulating systems) and 11.5.12 (condensing
modulating systems) of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, except for the
following:
10.1.1 The definition for the term EffyHS in the
defining equation for AFUE. EffyHS is defined as:
EffyHS = heating seasonal efficiency as defined in
Sections 11.2.11 (non-condensing systems), 11.3.11 (condensing
systems), 11.4.11 (non-condensing modulating systems) and 11.5.11
(condensing modulating systems) of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and is
based on the assumptions that weatherized boilers are located
outdoors and that non-weatherized boilers are installed indoors.
10.1.2 In Section 11.5.7.3 for the purpose of calculating the
steady-state efficiency of a condensing, modulating boiler at the
maximum and reduced input rates the following applies:
10.1.2.1 Calculate steady state efficiencies at the maximum and
reduced input rates, EffySS and EffySS,R,
using the equations for non-condensing, non-modulating systems in
Section 11.2.7 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
10.1.2.2 Use the values for EffySS and
EffySS,R calculated in the previous step to determine the
heating capacity at the maximum and reduced input rates,
QOUT and QOUT,R, according to Sections
11.4.8.1.1 and 11.4.8.1.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
10.1.2.3 Use the values for QOUT and
QOUT,R calculated in the previous step to determine the
balance point temperature, TC, according to Section
11.4.8.4 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
10.1.2.4 Use the value for TC determined in the
previous step to calculate the average outdoor air temperature for
the maximum and reduced input rates, TOA,H and
TOA,R, according to Section 11.4.8.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
10.1.2.5 Use the values for TOA,H and
TOA,R calculated in the previous step to calculate the
steady-state heat loss due to condensate going down the drain,
LC,SS, at the maximum and reduced input rates according
to Section 11.3.7.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017.
10.1.2.6 Use the values of LC,SS at the maximum and
reduced input rates calculated in the previous step to determine the
steady-state efficiency for modulating, condensing boilers at the
maximum and reduced input rates, EffySS and
EffySS,R, according to Section 11.3.7.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017.
10.2 National average burner operating hours, average annual
fuel energy consumption, and average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption for gas or oil boilers.
10.2.1 National average number of burner operating hours.
10.2.1.1 For boilers equipped with single-stage controls, the
national average number of burner operating hours is defined as:
BOHSS = 2,080 (0.77) (A) [(QOUT/1000)/
(1+[alpha])]-2,080 (B)
Where:
2,080 = national average heating load hours
0.77 = adjustment factor to adjust the calculated design heating
requirement and heating load hours to the actual heating load
experienced by the heating system
A = 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE + yIG
PEIG + y BE) + (QIN-QP)
EffyHS], for forced draft unit, indoors
= 100,000/[341,200 (yP PE (1-Effmotor) +
yIG PEIG + y BE) + (QIN-
QP) EffyHS], for induced draft unit, indoors,
and
QOUT = value as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 103-2017.
[alpha] = value as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
B = 2 QP (EffyHS) (A)/100,000
Where:
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not
provided by the manufacturer.
100,000 = factor that accounts for percent and kBtu
yP = ratio of induced or forced draft blower on-time to
average burner on-time, as follows:
1 for units without post-purge;
1 + (tP/tON) for single stage boilers with
post purge; or
PE = all electrical power related to burner operation at full
load steady-state operation, including electrical ignition device if
energized, controls, gas valve or oil control valve, draft inducer,
and boiler pump, as determined in section 8.2 of this appendix.
yIG = ratio of burner interrupted ignition device on-time
to average burner on-time, as follows:
0 for burners not equipped with interrupted ignition device;
(tIG/tON) for single stage boilers
PEIG = electrical input rate to the interrupted ignition
device on burner (if employed), as defined in section 8.3 of this
appendix
[[Page 14656]]
y = ratio of pump on-time to average burner on-time, as follows:
1 for boilers without a pump delay;
1 + (t\+\/tON) for single-stage boilers with pump
delay;
BE = circulating water pump electrical energy input rate at
full-load steady-state operation as defined in section 8.2 of this
appendix.
tP = post-purge time as defined in section 8.5 of this
appendix
= 0 if tP is equal to or less than 30 seconds
tIG = on-time of the burner interrupted ignition device,
as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
EffyHS = as defined in Section 11.2.11 (non-condensing
systems) or Section 11.3.11.3 (condensing systems) of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017, percent, and calculated on the basis of:
Indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or outdoor
installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
2 = ratio of the average length of the heating season in hours to
the average heating load hours
t\+\ = delay time between burner shutoff and the pump shutoff
measured as defined in section 8.5 of this appendix.
tON = value as defined in Table 7 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
10.2.1.2 For boilers equipped with two-stage or step-modulating
controls, the national average number of burner operating hours at
the reduced operating mode (BOHR) is defined as:
BOHR = XR (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/
1,000)/(1 + [alpha])](AR)-2080(BR)
Where:
XR = as defined in Section 11.4.8.6 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or 11.5.8.1.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
AR = 100,000/[341,200(yP,RPER +
yIG,RPEIG + yRBER) +
(QIN,R--QP) EffyU,R] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,RPER (1-
Effmotor) + yIG,RPEIG +
yRBER) + (QIN,R-QP)
EffyU,R] for induced draft unit, indoors
BR = 2QP (EffyU,R) (AR)/
100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 1,000 Btu/
kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 3,412 Btu/h/
kW
yP,R = 1 + (tp/tON,R) for two-stage
and step modulating boilers with post purge
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
yIG,R = tIG/tON,R
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
yR = 1 + (t\+\)/tON,R for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
EffyU,R = as defined in Section 11.4.11.1 or 11.5.11.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and calculated on the basis of:
Indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not
provided by the manufacturer.
10.2.1.3 For boilers equipped with two-stage controls, the
national average number of burner operating hours at the maximum
operating mode (BOHH) is defined as:
BOHH = XH (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/
1,000)/(1 + [alpha])](AH)-2080(BH)
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.5 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or 11.5.8.1.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
AH = 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH +
yIG,HPEIG + yHBEH) +
(QIN,H-QP) EffyU,H] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH (1-
Effmotor) + yIG,HPEIG +
yHBEH) + (QIN,H-QP)
EffyU,H] for induced draft unit, indoors
BH = 2QP (EffyU,H) (AH)/
100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 1,000 Btu/
kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 3412 Btu/h/kW
yP,H = 1 + (tp/tON,H) for two-stage
and step modulating boilers with post purge
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
yIG,H = tIG/tON,H
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
yH = 1 + (t\+\)/tON,H for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
QIN,H = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
EffyU,H = as defined in Section 11.4.11.2 or 11.5.11.2 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not
provided by the manufacturer.
10.2.1.4 For boilers equipped with step-modulating controls, the
national average number of burner operating hours at the modulating
operating mode (BOHM) is defined as:
BOHM = XH (2080)(0.77)[(QOUT/
1,000)/(1+[alpha])](AM)-2080(BM)
Where:
XH = as defined in Section 11.4.8.5 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
2080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.1 or 11.5.8.1.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.4.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
AM = 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH +
yIG,HPEIG + yHBEH) +
(QIN,M-QP) EffyU,M] for forced
draft unit, indoors; and
= 100,000/[341,200(yP,HPEH (1-
Effmotor) + yIG,HPEIG +
yHBEH) + (QIN,M-QP)
EffyU,M] for induced draft unit, indoors
BM = 2QP (EffyU,M) (AM)/
100,000
100,000 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 1,000 Btu/
kBtu
341,200 = conversion factor accounting for percent and 3412 Btu/h/kW
yP,H = 1 + (tp/tON,H) for two-stage
and step modulating boilers with post purge
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
yIG,H = tIG/tON,H
PEIG = as defined in section 8.3 of this appendix
yH = 1 + (t\+\)/tON,H for two-stage and step
modulating boilers with fan delay
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
QIN,M = (100)(QOUT,M/EffySS,M)
QOUT,M = as defined in Section 11.4.8.9 or 11.5.8.9 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
EffySS,M = value as defined in Section 11.4.8.7 or
11.5.8.7 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
QP = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
EffyU,M = as defined in Section 11.4.9.2.3 or 11.5.9.2.3
of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
Effmotor = nameplate power burner motor efficiency
provided by the manufacturer,
= 0.50, an assumed default power burner efficiency if not
provided by the manufacturer.
10.2.2 Average annual fuel energy consumption for gas or oil fueled
boilers.
10.2.2.1 For boilers equipped with single-stage controls, the
average annual fuel energy consumption (EF) is expressed
in Btu per year and defined as:
EF = BOHSS (QIN-QP) +
8,760 QP
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
[[Page 14657]]
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
8,760 = total number of hours per year.
10.2.2.2 For boilers equipped with either two-stage or step
modulating controls, EF is defined as follows. For two-
stage control:
EF =
(BOHH)(QIN)+(BOHR)(QIN,R)
+[8760-(BOHH+BOHR)]QP
For step-modulating control:
EF =
(BOHM)(QIN,M)+(BOHR)(QIN,R
)+[8760-(BOHH+BOHR)]QP
Where:
BOHH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
BOHM = as defined in section 10.2.1.4 of this appendix
QIN = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
QIN,R = as defined in Section 11.4.8.1.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE
103-2017
QIN,M = as defined in Section 10.2.1.4 of this appendix
8,760 = total number of hours per year
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017.
10.2.3 Average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption
for gas or oil-fueled boilers.
10.2.3.1 For boilers equipped with single-stage controls, the
average annual auxiliary electrical consumption (EAE) is
expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAE = BOHSS (yP PE + yIG
PEIG + yBE) + ESO
Where:
BOHSS = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
yP = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
PE = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
yIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
y = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
BE = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this appendix.
10.2.3.2 For boilers equipped with two-stage controls,
EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP,R PER +
yIG,R PEIG + yRBER) +
BOHH (yP,H PEH + yIG,H
PEIG + yHBEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
yP,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
yIG,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
yR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
BOHH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
yP,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
yIG,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
yH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this appendix.
10.2.3.3 For boilers equipped with step-modulating controls,
EAE is defined as:
EAE = BOHR (yP,R PER +
yIG,R PEIG + yR BER) +
BOHM (yP,H PEH + yIG,H
PEIG + yHBEH) + ESO
Where:
BOHR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
yP,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
PER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
yIG,R = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
PEIG = as defined in section 10.2.1 of this appendix
yR = as defined in section 10.2.1.2 of this appendix
BER = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the reduced fuel input rate
BOHM = as defined in 10.2.1.4 of this appendix
yP,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
PEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
yIG,H = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
yH = as defined in section 10.2.1.3 of this appendix
BEH = as defined in section 8.2 of this appendix and
measured at the maximum fuel input rate
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this appendix.
10.3 Average annual electric energy consumption for electric
boilers. For electric boilers, the average annual electrical energy
consumption (EE) is expressed in kilowatt-hours and
defined as:
EE = 100 (2,080) (0.77) [QOUT/(1 + [alpha])]/
(3412 AFUE) + ESO
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
3412 = conversion factor from kilowatt-hours to Btu
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017, in
percent, and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this appendix.
10.4 Energy factor.
10.4.1 Energy factor for gas or oil boilers. Calculate the
energy factor, EF, for gas or oil boilers defined as, in percent:
EF = (EF - 4,600 (QP))(EffyHS)/
(EF + 3,412 (EAE))
Where:
EF = average annual fuel consumption as defined in
section 10.2.2 of this appendix
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
QP = pilot fuel input rate determined in accordance with
Section 9.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 in Btu/h
EffyHS = annual fuel utilization efficiency as defined in
Sections 11.2.11, 11.3.11, 11.4.11 or 11.5.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017, in percent, and calculated on the basis of:
indoor installation, for non-weatherized boilers; or
outdoor installation, for boilers that are weatherized.
3,412 = conversion factor from kW to Btu/h
EAE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this appendix.
10.4.2 Energy factor for electric boilers. The energy factor, EF,
for electric boilers is defined as:
EF = AFUE
Where:
AFUE = annual fuel utilization efficiency as defined in section 10.3
of this appendix, in percent.
10.5 Average annual energy consumption for boilers located in a
different geographic region of the United States and in buildings
with different design heating requirements.
10.5.1 Average annual fuel energy consumption for gas or oil-
fueled boilers located in a different geographic region of the
United States and in buildings with different design heating
requirements. For gas or oil-fueled boilers, the average annual fuel
energy consumption for a specific geographic region and a specific
typical design heating requirement (EFR) is expressed in
Btu per year and defined as:
EFR = (EF - 8,760 QP) (HLH/2,080) +
8,760 QP
Where:
EF = as defined in section 10.2.2 of this appendix
8,760 = as defined in section 10.2.2 of this appendix
QP = as defined in Section 11.2.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
HLH = heating load hours for a specific geographic region determined
from the heating load hour map in Figure 1 of this appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix.
[[Page 14658]]
10.5.2 Average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption
for gas or oil-fueled boilers located in a different geographic
region of the United States and in buildings with different design
heating requirements. For gas or oil-fueled boilers, the average
annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption for a specific
geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement
(EAER) is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as:
EAER = (EAE - ESO) (HLH/2080) +
ESOR
Where:
EAE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this appendix
ESO = as defined in section 10.7 of this appendix
HLH = as defined in section 10.5.1 of this appendix
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
ESOR = as defined in section 10.5.3 of this appendix.
10.5.3 Average annual electric energy consumption for electric
boilers located in a different geographic region of the United
States and in buildings with different design heating requirements.
For electric boilers, the average annual electric energy consumption
for a specific geographic region and a specific typical design
heating requirement (EER) is expressed in kilowatt-hours
and defined as:
EER = 100 (0.77) [QOUT/(1+[alpha])] HLH/(3.412
AFUE) + ESOR
Where:
100 = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
HLH = as defined in section 10.5.1 of this appendix
3.412 = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this appendix
AFUE = as defined in section 10.2.3 of this appendix
ESOR = ESO as defined in section 10.7 of this
appendix, except that in the equation for ESO, the term
BOH is multiplied by the expression (HLH/2080) to get the
appropriate regional accounting of standby mode and off mode loss.
10.6 Direct determination of off-cycle losses for boilers
equipped with thermal stack dampers. [Reserved]
10.7 Average annual electrical standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. Calculate the annual electrical standby mode and off
mode energy consumption (ESO) in kilowatt-hours, defined
as:
ESO = (PW,SB (4160 - BOH) + 4600
PW,OFF) K
Where:
PW,SB = boiler standby mode power, in watts, as measured
in section 8.9.1 of this appendix
4,160 = average heating season hours per year
BOH = total burner operating hours as calculated in section 10.2 of
this appendix for gas or oil-fueled boilers. Where for gas or oil-
fueled boilers equipped with single-stage controls, BOH =
BOHSS; for gas or oil-fueled boilers equipped with two-
stage controls, BOH = (BOHR + BOHH); and for
gas or oil-fueled boilers equipped with step-modulating controls,
BOH = (BOHR + BOHM). For electric boilers, BOH
= 100(2080)(0.77)[QOUT/(1+[alpha])]/(Ein
3412(AFUE))
4,600 = as defined in Section 11.4.12 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
PW,OFF = boiler off mode power, in watts, as measured in
section 8.9.2 of this appendix
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh, conversion factor from watt-hours to kilowatt-
hours
Where:
100 = to express a percent as a decimal
2,080 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
0.77 = as defined in section 10.2.1.1 of this appendix
QOUT = as defined in Section 11.2.8 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-
2017
[alpha] = as defined in Section 11.2.8.2 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
Ein = steady-state electric rated power, in kilowatts,
from Section 9.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017
3412 = as defined in section 10.3 of this appendix
AFUE = as defined in Section 11.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 103-2017 in
percent.
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
[[Page 14659]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP15MR22.005
[FR Doc. 2022-04017 Filed 3-14-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-C
