Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Computer Room Air Conditioners, 6948-6981 [2022-02279]
Download as PDF
<![CDATA[
6948
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE–2021–BT–TP–0017]
RIN 1904–AE45
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Computer Room Air
Conditioners
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
and request for comment.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE or the Department)
proposes to amend its test procedure for
computer room air conditioners
(CRACs) to incorporate by reference the
latest draft version of the relevant
industry consensus test standard. DOE
also proposes to adopt the net sensible
coefficient of performance (NSenCOP)
metric in its test procedures for CRACs.
Additionally, DOE proposes to amend
certain provisions for representations
and enforcement. DOE welcomes
written comments from the public on
any subject within the scope of this
document (including topics not raised
in this proposal), as well as the
submission of data and other relevant
information.
SUMMARY:
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
DATES:
Comments: DOE will accept
comments, data, and information
regarding this notice of proposed
rulemaking (NOPR) no later than April
8, 2022. See section V, ‘‘Public
Participation,’’ for details.
Meeting: DOE will hold a webinar on
Tuesday, March, 15, 2022, from 1:00
p.m. to 4:00 p.m. See section V, ‘‘Public
Participation,’’ for webinar registration
information, participant instructions,
and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are
encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may
submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE–2021–BT–TP–0017, by
any of the following methods:
(1) Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
(2) Email:
ComputerRoomAC2021TP0017@
ee.doe.gov. Include docket number
EERE–2021–BT–TP–0017 in the subject
line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be
accepted. For detailed instructions on
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
submitting comments and additional
information on this process, see section
V of this document (Public
Participation).
Although DOE has routinely accepted
public comment submissions through a
variety of mechanisms, including the
Federal eRulemaking Portal, email,
postal mail, or hand delivery/courier,
the Department has found it necessary
to make temporary modifications to the
comment submission process in light of
the ongoing COVID–19 pandemic. DOE
is currently suspending receipt of public
comments via postal mail and hand
delivery/courier. If a commenter finds
that this change poses an undue
hardship, please contact Appliance
Standards Program staff at (202) 586–
1445 to discuss the need for alternative
arrangements. Once the COVID–19
pandemic health emergency is resolved,
DOE anticipates resuming all of its
regular options for public comment
submission, including postal mail and
hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public
meeting/webinar attendee lists and
transcripts, comments, and other
supporting documents/materials, is
available for review at
www.regulations.gov. All documents in
the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However,
some documents listed in the index,
such as those containing information
that is exempt from public disclosure,
may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at:
www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE2021-BT-TP-0017. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access
all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section V
(Public Participation) for information on
how to submit comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Catherine Rivest, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–5B, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
7335. Email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–5827. Email:
Eric.Stas@hq.doe.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment, review other public
comments and the docket, or participate
in the webinar, contact the Appliance
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
and Equipment Standards Program staff
at (202) 287–1445 or by email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference the
following draft industry standard into
parts 429 and 431:
Air-Conditioning, Heating and
Refrigeration Institute (‘‘AHRI’’)
Standard 1360–202X Draft,
‘‘Performance Rating of Computer and
Data Processing Room Air Conditioners
(‘‘Draft Standard’’).’’ AHRI Standard
1360–202X Draft is in draft form and its
text was provided to the Department for
the purposes of review only during the
drafting of this NOPR. DOE intends to
update the reference to the final
published version of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft in the Final Rule, unless there are
substantive changes between the draft
and published versions, in which case
DOE may adopt the substance of the
AHRI 1360–202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on
the changes to the industry consensus
test procedure.
A copy of AHRI 1360–202X Draft is
attached in this docket for review.
DOE proposes to maintain and update
the previously approved incorporation
by reference for the following industry
standards in part 431:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009,
‘‘Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment,’’ ASHRAE approved June
24, 2009.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
37–2009 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute,
25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York,
NY 10036, (212) 642–4900, or online at:
webstore.ansi.org/.
American National Standards
Institute (‘‘ANSI’’)/American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers (‘‘ASHRAE’’)
Standard 127–2007 ‘‘Method of Testing
for Rating Computer and Data
Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,’’ ANSI approved June 28,
2007.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127–2007 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute,
25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York,
NY 10036, (212) 642–4900, or online at:
https://webstore.ansi.org/.
DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference the following industry
standard in part 431:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–2020,
‘‘Method of Testing for Rating Computer
and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,’’ ANSI approved
November 30, 2020.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127–2020 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute,
25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York,
NY 10036, (212) 642–4900, or online at:
webstore.ansi.org/.
See section IV.M of this document for
further discussion of these standards.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Proposed Organization of the CRAC Test
Procedure
C. Updates to Industry Test Standards
D. Definitions
1. CRAC Definition
2. CRAC Configuration Definitions
a. Mounting Configurations
b. Flow Direction
c. Ducted and Non-Ducted Definitions
d. Fluid Economizer
E. Metric
1. NSenCOP
a. Indoor Entering Air Temperatures
b. Entering Water Temperatures
c. Indoor Air ESP Requirements
d. Energy Consumption of Heat Rejection
Components
e. Conclusion
2. Integrated Efficiency Metric
3. Part-Load Operation and Air Circulation
Mode
F. Test Method
1. Standard Configurations
2. Ceiling-Mounted CRACs
3. Non-Floor Mounted CRACs
4. ANSI/ASHRAE 37 Test Requirements
a. Test Tolerances
b. Enclosure for CRACs With Compressors
in Indoor Units
c. Secondary Methods for Capacity
Measurement
5. Ducted Condensers
6. Minimum External Static Pressure
Requirements
7. Refrigerant Charging Instructions
G. Configuration of Unit Under Test
1. Specific Components
2. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors
H. General Comments
I. Represented Values
1. Multiple Refrigerants
2. Net Sensible Cooling Capacity
3. Validation Class for Glycol-Cooled
CRACs
J. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
K. Reserved Appendices for Test
Procedures for Commercial Air
Conditioning and Heating Equipment
L. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is
Being Considered
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Description and Estimate of Small
Entities Regulated
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance
Requirements
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With
Other Rules and Regulations
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedures for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Small, large, and very large
commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment are included in
the list of ‘‘covered equipment’’ for
which DOE is authorized to establish
and amend energy conservation
standards and test procedures. (42
U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)–(D)) Commercial
package air conditioning and heating
equipment includes CRACs as an
equipment category. The current DOE
test procedures for CRACs are codified
at Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), part 431, subpart F,
appendix A, ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
the Measurement of Energy
Consumption of Air-Cooled Small
(≥65,000 Btu/h),1 Large, and Very Large
Commercial Package Air Conditioning
and Heating Equipment’’ (appendix A).
The following sections discuss DOE’s
authority to establish and amend test
procedures for CRACs, as well as
relevant background information
regarding DOE’s consideration of and
proposed amendments to the test
procedures for this equipment.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (EPCA),2 among other
things, authorizes DOE to regulate the
energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain
industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291–
1 ‘‘Btu/h’’
refers to British thermal units per hour.
references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
6949
6317) Title III, Part C 3 of EPCA, Public
Law 94–163 (42 U.S.C. 6311–6317, as
codified), added by Public Law 95–619,
Title IV, section 441(a), established the
Energy Conservation Program for
Certain Industrial Equipment, which
sets forth a variety of provisions
designed to improve energy efficiency.
This covered equipment includes small,
large, and very large commercial
package air conditioning and heating
equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)–(D))
Commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment includes CRACs,
which are the subject of this NOPR.
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
Federal energy conservation standards,
and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C.
6311), energy conservation standards
(42 U.S.C. 6313), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6315), and the authority to
require information and reports from
manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316).
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment
must use as the basis for: (1) Certifying
to DOE that their equipment complies
with the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6296), and (2)
making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C.
6314(d)). Similarly, DOE uses these test
procedures to determine whether the
equipment complies with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA.
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE
may, however, grant waivers of Federal
preemption in limited circumstances for
particular State laws or regulations, in
accordance with the procedures and
other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, the statute also
sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE is required to follow when
prescribing or amending test procedures
for covered equipment. Specifically,
EPCA requires that any test procedure
prescribed or amended shall be
reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use, or estimated
annual operating cost of covered
2 All
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
3 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part C was redesignated Part A–1.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6950
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
equipment during a representative
average use cycle and requires that test
procedures not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)).
As discussed, CRACs are a category of
commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment. EPCA requires
that the test procedures for commercial
package air conditioning and heating
equipment be those generally accepted
industry testing procedures or rating
procedures developed or recognized by
AHRI or by ASHRAE, as referenced in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1, ‘‘Energy
Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings’’ (ASHRAE
Standard 90.1). (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A))
Further, if such an industry test
procedure is amended, DOE must
update its test procedure to be
consistent with the amended industry
test procedure, unless DOE determines,
by rule published in the Federal
Register and supported by clear and
convincing evidence, that such
amended test procedure would not meet
the requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)
and (3) related to representative use and
test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every seven years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
equipment, including commercial
package air conditioning and heating
equipment (of which CRACs are a
category), to determine whether
amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the
requirements for the test procedures not
to be unduly burdensome to conduct
and be reasonably designed to produce
test results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)–(3)).
If DOE determines that a test
procedure amendment is warranted, it
must publish proposed test procedures
in the Federal Register and afford
interested persons an opportunity (of
not less than 45 days duration) to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments on the proposed test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) If DOE
determines that test procedure revisions
are not appropriate, DOE must publish
in the Federal Register its
determination not to amend the test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)(A)(ii))
DOE is publishing this NOPR
proposing amendments to the test
procedures for CRACs in satisfaction of
its aforementioned obligations under
EPCA.
action by ASHRAE triggered DOE’s
obligations under 42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(4)(B), as outlined previously.
On July 25, 2017, DOE published a
request for information (RFI) (the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI) in the Federal
Register to collect information and data
to consider amendments to DOE’s test
procedures for commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment,
given the test procedure updates
included in ASHRAE Standard 90.1–
2016. 82 FR 34427. As part of the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE identified
several aspects of the currently
applicable Federal test procedure that
might warrant modifications, in
particular: Incorporation by reference of
the most recent version of the relevant
industry standard(s); efficiency metrics
and calculations; clarification of test
methods; and any additional topics that
B. Background
may inform DOE’s decisions in a future
On May 16, 2012, DOE published a
test procedure rulemaking, including
final rule in the Federal Register,
methods to reduce regulatory burden
which, in relevant part, adopted test
while ensuring the test procedures’
procedures for CRACs that incorporate
accuracy.
by reference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
DOE received a number of comments
127–2007, ‘‘Method of Testing for Rating regarding CRACs from interested parties
Computer and Data Processing Room
in response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
Unitary Air Conditioners’’ (ANSI/
TP RFI, which covered multiple
ASHRAE 127–2007), which is the
categories of equipment. Table I–1 lists
industry test procedure referenced in
the commenters relevant to CRACs,
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2010 for
along with each commenter’s
CRACs, as the basis for the Federal test
abbreviated name used throughout this
procedure for such equipment. 77 FR
NOPR. Discussion of the relevant
28928, 28989 (May 16, 2012). On
comments, and DOE’s responses, are
October 26, 2016, ASHRAE published
provided in the appropriate sections of
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2016, which
this document. A parenthetical
included updates to the test procedure
reference at the end of a comment
references for CRACs as compared to
quotation or paraphrase provides the
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2010 and
location of the item in the public
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2013.4 This
record.5
TABLE I–1—INTERESTED PARTIES PROVIDING CRAC-RELATED WRITTEN COMMENTS IN RESPONSE TO THE JULY 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI
Name
Abbreviation
Type
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute ...............................................................................
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Alliance to Save Energy, American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, and Northwest Power and Conservation
Council *.
Lennox International Inc ............................................................................................................................
National Comfort Institute ..........................................................................................................................
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Southern California Gas Company, San Diego Gas and Electric,
and Southern California Edison.
AHRI .................................
Joint Advocates ................
IR.
EA.
Lennox ..............................
NCI ...................................
California Investor-Owned
Utilities (CA IOUs).
M.
IR.
U.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
EA: Efficiency/Environmental Advocate; IR: Industry Representative; M: Manufacturer; U: Utility.
* The Northwest Power and Conservation Council is an interstate compact agency, whose mission in part is to promote energy efficiency.
Following the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, AHRI published additional updates
to its test procedure standard for CRACs
on December 21, 2017 (AHRI Standard
1360–2017, ‘‘2017 Standard for
Performance Rating of Computer and
Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners’’ (AHRI 1360–2017)).
ASHRAE published ASHRAE Standard
4 More specifically, ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2016
references AHRI 1360–2016, ‘‘Standard for
Performance Rating of Computer and Data
Processing Room Air Conditioners’’ for CRACs.
5 The parenthetical reference provides a reference
for information located in a docket related to DOE’s
rulemaking to develop test procedures for CRACs.
As noted, the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI addressed
4 different equipment categories and is available
under docket number EERE–2017–BT–TP–0018. As
this NOPR addresses only CRACs, it has been
assigned a separate docket number (i.e., EERE–
2021–BT–TP–0017). The references are arranged as
follows: (Commenter name, comment docket ID
number, page of that document).
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6951
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
90.1–2019 on October 24, 2019, which
updated the test procedure referenced
for CRACs from AHRI 1360–2016 to
AHRI 1360–2017 and added equipment
classes for ceiling-mounted CRACs.
Following the publication of ASHRAE
Standard 90.1–2019, AHRI is currently
working on an update to AHRI Standard
1360 (i.e., AHRI Standard 1360–202X
Draft, ‘‘Performance Rating of Computer
and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners (‘‘Draft Standard’’)’’ (AHRI
1360–202X Draft)). These industry test
standards are discussed further in
section III.C of this NOPR.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
update the Federal test procedure for
CRACs consistent with the most recent
draft version of the relevant industry
consensus test procedure, AHRI 1360–
202X Draft. If AHRI publishes a final
version of AHRI 1360–202X Draft prior
to DOE publishing a final rule, DOE
intends to update the referenced
industry test standard in the DOE test
procedure to reference the latest version
of AHRI 1360. If a finalized version of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft is not published
before the final rule or if there are
substantive changes between the draft
and published versions of AHRI 1360,
DOE may adopt the substance of the
AHRI 1360–202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on
the final version of that industry
consensus standard. Specifically, DOE
proposes to update its regulations at 10
CFR 431.96, ‘‘Uniform test method for
the measurement of energy efficiency of
commercial air conditioners and heat
pumps,’’ as follows: (1) Incorporate by
reference the updated version of AHRI
1360 and relevant industry standards
referenced in that version of AHRI 1360;
(2) establish provisions for determining
NSenCOP for CRACs; (3) clarify the
definition of ‘‘computer room air
conditioner’’ to include consideration of
how equipment is marketed; and (4)
amend certain provisions for
representations and enforcement in 10
CFR part 429, consistent with the
changes proposed to the test procedure.
In terms of implementation, DOE
proposes to add new appendices E and
E1 to subpart F of part 431, ‘‘Uniform
test method for measuring the energy
consumption of computer room air
conditioners,’’ (appendix E and
appendix E1, respectively). The current
DOE test procedure for CRACs would be
relocated to appendix E without change,
and the new test procedure adopting the
substance of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
would be established in appendix E1 for
determining NSenCOP. Compliance
with appendix E1 would not be required
until such time as compliance is
required with amended energy
conservation standards for CRACs that
rely on NSenCOP, should DOE adopt
such standards. After compliance with
appendix E1 would be required,
appendix E would no longer be used as
part of the Federal test procedure.
DOE’s proposed actions are
summarized in Table II.1 and addressed
in detail in section III of this document.
TABLE II.1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE RELATIVE TO CURRENT TEST PROCEDURE
Current DOE test procedure
Proposed test procedure
Attribution
Incorporates by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007.
Incorporates by reference in a new appendix
E1- AHRI 1360–202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE
127–2020, and ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009.
Includes provisions for determining NSenCOP
Updates to the applicable industry test procedures.
Includes provisions for determining SCOP ........
CRAC definition criteria include: (1) Used in
computer rooms (or similar applications); (2)
whether rated for SCOP and tested in accordance with 10 CFR 431.96; and (3) not a
consumer product.
Does not specify provisions specific to testing
roof, wall, and ceiling-mounted CRAC units.
Does not include CRAC-specific provisions for
determination of represented values in 10
CFR 429.43.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Does not include CRAC-specific enforcement
provisions in 10 CFR 429.134.
DOE has tentatively determined that
the proposed amendments described in
section III of this NOPR regarding the
establishment of appendix E would not
alter the measured efficiency of CRACs
or require retesting solely as a result of
DOE’s adoption of the proposed
amendments to the test procedure, if
made final. DOE has tentatively
determined, however, that the proposed
test procedure amendments in appendix
E1 would, if adopted, alter the measured
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
CRAC definition criteria include: (1) Marketed
for use in computer rooms (or similar applications); and (2) not a consumer product.
Updates to the applicable industry test procedures.
To more clearly define CRACs and distinguish
from other equipment categories.
Defines roof, wall, and ceiling-mounted CRAC
configurations and provides test provisions
specific to such units.
Includes provisions in 10 CFR 429.43 specific
to CRACs to determine represented values
for units approved for use with multiple refrigerants, prescribe represented cooling capacity multiples, prevent cooling capacity
over-rating, and specify configuration of unit
under test.
Adopts product-specific enforcement provisions for CRACs regarding verification of
cooling capacity and configuration of unit
under test.
Updates to the applicable industry test procedures.
efficiency of CRACs and that such
amendments are consistent with the
updated industry test procedure.
Further, compliance with the proposed
appendix E1 and the proposed
amendments to the representation
requirements in 10 CFR 429.43 would
not be required until the compliance
date of amended standards denominated
in terms of NSenCOP. Additionally,
DOE has tentatively determined that the
proposed amendments, if made final,
would not increase the cost of testing.
Discussion of DOE’s proposed actions
are addressed in further detail in section
III of this NOPR.
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
Establish CRAC-specific provisions for determination of represented values.
Establish provisions
CRACs.
for
DOE
testing
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
This rulemaking applies to CRACs.
DOE defines ‘‘computer room air
conditioner’’ as a basic model of
commercial package air-conditioning
and heating equipment (packaged or
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
of
6952
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
split) that is: Used in computer rooms,
data processing rooms, or other
information technology cooling
applications; rated for SCOP and tested
in accordance with 10 CFR 431.96; and
is not a covered consumer product
under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)–(2) and 42
U.S.C. 6292. A CRAC may be provided
with, or have as available options, an
integrated humidifier, temperature and/
or humidity control of the supplied air,
and reheating function. 10 CFR 431.92.
B. Proposed Organization of the CRAC
Test Procedure
DOE is proposing to relocate and
centralize the current test procedure for
CRACs to a new appendix E to subpart
F of 10 CFR part 431, without change.
As proposed, appendix E would not
amend the current test procedure. The
test procedure as provided in proposed
appendix E would continue to reference
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 and provide
instructions for determining SCOP.
Correspondingly, DOE is proposing to
update the existing incorporation by
reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 at
10 CFR 431.95 so that the incorporation
by reference applies to appendix E,
rather than 10 CFR 431.96. The
proposed appendix E would also
centralize the additional test provisions
currently applicable under 10 CFR
431.96 (i.e., optional break-in period for
tests conducted using ANSI/ASHRAE
127–2007 (currently at 10 CFR
431.96(c)) and additional provisions for
equipment set-up (currently at 10 CFR
431.96(e)). As proposed, CRACs would
be required to be tested according to
appendix E until such time as
compliance is required with an
amended energy conservation standard
that relies on the NSenCOP metric,
should DOE adopt such a standard.
Accordingly, DOE also is proposing in
parallel an amended test procedure for
CRACs that adopts AHRI 1360–202X
Draft in a new appendix E1 to subpart
F of 10 CFR part 431. DOE proposes to
adopt the substance of the updated draft
version of AHRI 1360, including the
NSenCOP metric, as discussed in the
following sections. To this end, DOE
intends to propose to incorporate by
reference the final published version of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft in the final rule,
unless there are substantive changes
between the draft and published
versions, in which case DOE may adopt
the substance of the AHRI 1360–202X
Draft or provide additional opportunity
for comment on changes presented in
the final version of the industry
consensus test standard. As proposed,
CRACs would not be required to be
tested according to the test procedure in
proposed appendix E1 until such time
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
as compliance is required with an
amended energy conservation standard
that relies on the NSenCOP metric,
should DOE adopt such a standard.
C. Updates to Industry Test Standards
As noted previously, DOE’s current
test procedure for CRACs is codified at
10 CFR 431.96 and incorporates by
reference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–
2007,6 which is the test procedure
recognized by ASHRAE Standard 90.1–
2010 for CRACs. However, the most
recent version of ASHRAE Standard
90.1 (i.e., the 2019 edition) recognizes
AHRI 1360–2017 as the test procedure
for CRACs.
After publication of AHRI 1360–2017,
DOE and other stakeholders supported
the AHRI 1360 committee in its process
to further update AHRI Standard 1360.
DOE understands that this new update
is currently in draft form (i.e., AHRI
1360–202X Draft) and will supersede
AHRI 1360–2017. AHRI 1360–202X
Draft references ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2020, ‘‘Method of Testing for Rating
Computer and Data Processing Room
Unitary Air Conditioners’’ (ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2020) 7 and ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009, ‘‘Methods Of Testing
For Rating Electrically Driven Unitary
Air-Conditioning And Heat Pump
Equipment (ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009).
Both AHRI 1360–2017 and AHRI 1360–
202X Draft include significant changes
from ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007,
including the use of NSenCOP instead
of SCOP as the test metric. Both
efficiency metrics (NSenCOP and SCOP)
are ratios of net sensible cooling
capacity delivered to the power
consumed, but there are several
differences in the conditions at which
tests are performed. Section III.E.1 of
this NOPR includes further discussion
of the differences between these test
metrics.
In light of these updates to the
relevant industry consensus standards,
DOE is proposing to amend its test
procedure for CRACs by incorporating
by reference AHRI 1360–202X Draft (in
its entirety). DOE intends to update its
incorporation by reference to the final
published version of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft in the final rule, unless the draft
version is not finalized before the final
rule or if there are substantive changes
between the draft and published
6 While ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–2007 is
incorporated by reference in its entirety, Table 1 to
10 CFR 431.96 (which defines the applicable test
methods for each category of equipment) excludes
section 5.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–2007
for testing CRACs. The test procedure also includes
additional provisions related to break-in period and
test set-up. See 10 CFR 431.96(c) and (e).
7 ASHRAE published ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127–2020 on November 30, 2020.
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
versions, in which case DOE may adopt
the substance of the AHRI 1360–202X
Draft or provide additional opportunity
for comment on the substantive changes
to the updated industry consensus
standard. Specifically, in the proposed
test procedure for CRACs at 10 CFR part
431, subpart F, appendix E1, DOE is
proposing to utilize sections 3.1, 3.4,
3.11, 3.14, 3.16, 3.17, 3.21–3.23, 5, 6.1–
6.3, 6.5, 6.7, and Appendices C–F of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft for the Federal
test procedure for CRACs.8
DOE is also proposing to incorporate
by reference several industry standards
that are subsequently referenced by
AHRI 1360–202X Draft. First, DOE is
proposing to incorporate by reference
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020. Specifically,
in the proposed test procedure for
CRACs at 10 CFR part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1, DOE is proposing to
utilize Figure A-1, Test duct for
measuring air flow and static pressure
on downflow units, of Appendix A of
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020, because
Figure A-1 of Appendix A is referenced
in section 5.8 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
Second, DOE is proposing to
incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE
37–2009 for 10 CFR part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1, because section 5,
Appendix D, and Appendix E of AHRI
1360–202X Draft reference methods of
test in ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009. More
specifically, DOE is proposing to utilize
all sections of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009,
except sections 1, 2, and 4. (Any issues
discussed in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI that pertain to provisions in ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009 are addressed in
section III.F.4 of this NOPR.)
D. Definitions
1. CRAC Definition
As discussed, DOE currently defines a
CRAC as a basic model of commercial
package air-conditioning and heating
equipment (packaged or split) that is:
Used in computer rooms, data
processing rooms, or other information
technology cooling applications; rated
for SCOP and tested in accordance with
10 CFR 431.96, and is not a covered
consumer product under 42 U.S.C.
6291(1)–(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. 10 CFR
431.92. A computer room air
conditioner may be provided with, or
have as available options, an integrated
humidifier, temperature and/or
humidity control of the supplied air,
and reheating function. Id. In defining a
CRAC, DOE was unable to identify
physical characteristics that consistently
8 DOE notes that the most recent version of
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2019 references AHRI
1360–2017 as the industry consensus test method
for CRACs.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
distinguish CRACs from other categories
of commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment that provide
comfort-cooling. See 77 FR 16769,
16772–16774 (March 22, 2012); 77 FR
28928, 28947–28948 (May 16, 2012).
In an effort to better distinguish
CRACs from other categories of
commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment that provide
comfort cooling, DOE is again
considering means to consistently
differentiate this equipment. To this
end, DOE has considered as potential
distinguishing factors use of a minimum
sensible heat ratio (SHR) and the
nominal airflow rate per ton of cooling
capacity, as discussed further in this
section. SHR is the ratio of sensible
cooling capacity to the total cooling
capacity. The total cooling capacity
includes both sensible cooling capacity
and latent cooling capacity.9
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, DOE requested comment on the
extent to which models of commercial
package air conditioners are marketed
and/or installed for use in both comfort
cooling and computer room cooling
applications. 82 FR 34427, 34430 (July
25, 2017). DOE also requested comment
on whether there are models rated for
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) or
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
(SEER), and not SCOP, that are used for
computer room cooling. Id. DOE sought
comment and data on whether a specific
SHR value or any other design
differences or performance features
would effectively and consistently
distinguish CRACs from other categories
of commercial package air conditioners.
Id.
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, AHRI commented that some
large unitary equipment, mini-split
units, single packaged vertical units,
and large direct and indirect evaporative
coolers are used in data center
applications. AHRI also noted that many
of these products are custom-built for
the application and are not necessarily
designed for comfort cooling. The
commenter added that in many
instances, the consulting engineer and/
or the end user determines the type of
equipment used, regardless of how it is
marketed. Additionally, AHRI stated
that CRACs are uniquely designed to
operate year-round only in cooling
mode, and their efficiency rating should
9 Cooling load is composed of both sensible and
latent portions. The sensible load is the energy
required to reduce the temperature of the incoming
air, without any phase change (i.e., cooling). The
latent load is the energy required to change the
moisture in the air from water vapor into a liquid
phase as it condenses on the cooling coil (i.e.,
dehumidification).
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
be stated as NSenCOP. (AHRI, No. 11 at
pp. 1–2). DOE did not receive specific
comments on whether there are models
rated for EER or SEER, and not SCOP or
NSenCOP, that are used for computer
room cooling.
With regard to whether SHR could be
used to effectively and consistently
distinguish CRACs from other classes of
commercial package air conditioners,
AHRI commented that SHR is
dependent on the rating conditions used
for testing, coil design, and airflow rate
of the unit. AHRI stated that SHRs for
CRACs typically fall within a range of
around 0.90–1.0, depending on which of
the indoor air rating conditions
specified for CRACs in AHRI 1360–2016
are used; whereas typical comfort
cooling commercial units have an SHR
of around 0.60 at the indoor air rating
conditions specified for commercial
unitary air conditioners (CUACs) in
AHRI 340/360–2015 (which differ from
CRAC rating conditions). AHRI added
that CRACs obtain a higher SHR than
CUACs by having a higher airflow rate
per ton of cooling capacity,10 and, thus,
a larger fan motor. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
2)
As part of preparing this NOPR, DOE
conducted a preliminary review of
performance data to explore the use of
SHR to distinguish between CUACs and
CRACs. DOE reviewed data from CUAC
product literature 11 and DOE’s
Compliance Certification Database for
CRACs,12 which indicates that if CUACs
were tested at the indoor air conditions
specified in DOE’s current test
procedure for CRACs, there would be
significant overlap in the ranges of SHR
for CUAC models and CRAC models.
Specifically, more than half of CRAC
models certified to DOE would have an
SHR that is also achieved by certain
CUAC models. Additionally, DOE’s
analysis of rated cooling capacity and
airflow rate data from DOE’s
Compliance Certification Database and
the AHRI Directory of Certified Product
Performance 13 revealed a substantial
overlap in nominal airflow rate per ton
of cooling capacity between CRACs and
CUACs currently on the market.
Therefore, DOE has tentatively
concluded that neither SHR nor
nominal airflow rate per ton of cooling
10 One
ton of cooling capacity equals 12,000 Btu/
h.
11 Specifically, CUAC technical literature
provided performance tables that show total cooling
capacity and sensible cooling capacity at various
indoor air conditions for each model.
12 DOE’s Compliance Certification Database does
not contain sensible cooling capacity ratings for
certified CUACs. (Available at:
www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms).
13 The AHRI Directory of Certified Product
Performance is available at www.ahridirectory.org.
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6953
capacity would provide a clear
distinction between CRACs and CUACs.
Because DOE was unable to identify
physical characteristics that could
reliably be used to distinguish between
CRACs and other equipment types, DOE
is not proposing to define CRACs based
on physical construction and/or
component characteristics. Rather, DOE
is proposing to amend the definition of
CRAC to include how it is marketed for
use by the manufacturer. Specifically,
DOE is proposing first to replace the
phrase ‘‘used in computer rooms, data
processing rooms, or other information
technology cooling applications’’ with
‘‘marketed for use in computer rooms,
data processing rooms, or other
information technology cooling
applications.’’ DOE’s proposed
definition for CRACs is consistent with
the definition in the latest draft industry
standard, AHRI 1360–202X Draft, which
also defines CRACs based on
marketing.14
DOE also proposes to remove the
current wording ‘‘. . . rated for sensible
coefficient of performance (SCOP) and
tested in accordance with 10 CFR
431.96’’ to ensure that a unit that
otherwise meets the definition of a
CRAC would be covered as a CRAC
regardless of how the manufacturer has
tested and rated the model. DOE also
proposes to remove the unnecessary
current wording ‘‘. . . a basic model of’’
to avoid confusion as to whether the
equipment constitutes a basic model
(i.e., DOE specifies different basic model
definitions for each equipment category
at 10 CFR 431.92) before the
determination is made whether the
equipment meets the CRAC definition.
DOE proposes to maintain the existing
requirement that a CRAC is not a
covered consumer product under 42
U.S.C. 6291(1)–(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292.
DOE is also proposing to maintain the
existing distinction that a CRAC may be
provided with, or have as available
options, an integrated humidifier,
temperature, and/or humidity control of
the supplied air, and reheating function.
In summary, DOE is proposing in 10
CFR 431.92 to define Computer Room
Air Conditioner as ‘‘commercial package
air conditioning and heating equipment
(packaged or split) that is: marketed for
use in computer rooms, data processing
rooms, or other information technology
cooling applications; and not a covered
14 Section 3.5 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft defines
‘‘computer room air conditioner’’ as a subset of
‘‘computer and data processing room air
conditioner.’’ Section 3.4 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
defines ‘‘computer and data processing room air
conditioner,’’ as an air conditioning unit
specifically marketed for cooling data centers and
information technology equipment.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6954
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
consumer product under 42 U.S.C.
6291(1)–(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. A
computer room air conditioner may be
provided with, or have as available
options, an integrated humidifier,
temperature, and/or humidity control of
the supplied air, and reheating function.
Computer room air conditioners
include, but are not limited to, the
following configurations as defined in
10 CFR 431.92 down-flow, horizontalflow, up-flow ducted, up-flow nonducted, ceiling-mounted ducted, ceiling
mounted non-ducted, roof-mounted,
and wall-mounted.’’ DOE is also
proposing definitions for the
configuration terms used in this
proposed definition, as discussed
further in the following section of this
document. Further, regarding the
‘‘marketed for’’ criterion in the proposed
definition, DOE proposes in 10 CFR
431.92 that DOE would consider any
publicly-available document published
by the manufacturer (e.g., product
literature, catalogs, and packaging
labels) to determine the application for
which equipment is marketed.
DOE recognizes that there may be
units on the market that would be
covered by DOE regulations for multiple
equipment categories. As discussed in a
previous notice addressing CRACs, such
units would have to be tested and rated
according to the requirements for each
applicable equipment class of standards
(e.g., CRAC and CUAC). See 77 FR
16769, 16773 (March 22, 2012).
Issue 1: DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for ‘‘computer room
air conditioner’’ that distinguishes
between CRACs and other categories of
air conditioning equipment, based on
the marketing of the equipment.
2. CRAC Configuration Definitions
CRACs can be installed in a variety of
different configurations, which vary by
installation location, direction of airflow
over the evaporator coil (e.g., up, down,
or horizontal), and by return and
discharge air connections (e.g., raised
floor plenum, ducted, free air). AHRI
1360–202X Draft includes the concept
of ‘‘standard configurations’’ to
standardize the configuration and rating
conditions (e.g., ESP, return air
temperature) for testing CRACs to
generate standard ratings. Appendix C
of AHRI 1360–202X Draft specifies eight
different standard configurations: (1)
Ceiling-mounted ducted (with ducted
discharge and ducted return); (2)
ceiling-mounted non-ducted (with free
air discharge and free air return); (3)
down-flow (with raised floor plenum
discharge and free air return); (4)
horizontal-flow (with free air discharge
and free air return); (5) up-flow ducted
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
(with ducted discharge and free air
return); (6) up-flow non-ducted (with
free air discharge and free air return); (7)
wall-mounted (with free air discharge
and free air return); and (8) roofmounted ducted (with ducted discharge
and ducted return).
Section C1 in Appendix C of AHRI
1360–202X Draft specifies that all units
within the scope of the test standard
must be categorized and rated as one of
the eight standard configurations, and it
specifies test conditions that vary
between standard configurations.
Standard configurations are further
discussed in section III.F.1 of this
NOPR.
Section 3.24 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
includes definitions for the following
configurations of standard models:
‘‘downflow unit,’’ ‘‘horizontal-flow
unit,’’ ‘‘upflow unit–ducted,’’ ‘‘upflow
unit–nonducted,’’ ‘‘ceiling mounted
unit–ducted,’’ ‘‘ceiling-mounted unit–
nonducted,’’ ‘‘wall-mounted,’’ and
‘‘roof-mounted ducted.’’ Additionally,
section 3.9.2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
includes definitions for the following
airflow configurations of floor-mounted
CRACs: ‘‘downflow,’’ ‘‘horizontal-flow,’’
and ‘‘upflow.’’
To provide additional instruction as
to which configuration (and, thus,
which testing requirements and
standards, as applicable) should be used
for testing, DOE is proposing to add
several definitions for CRACs consistent
with the previously mentioned
definitions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
Specifically, DOE is proposing
definitions for the following terms at 10
CFR 431.92: Floor-mounted, ceilingmounted, wall-mounted, roof-mounted,
up-flow, down-flow, horizontal flow,
up-flow ducted, up-flow non-ducted,
ceiling-mounted ducted, ceilingmounted non-ducted, and fluid
economizer. Because several of these
proposed definitions reference other
defined terms (e.g., the ‘‘up-flow nonducted’’ definition references the
separately defined ‘‘up-flow’’ term),
DOE is proposing to italicize the defined
terms within CRAC-related definitions
at 10 CFR 431.92 to signal to the reader
which terms are separately defined.
Each of these proposed definitions is
discussed in further detail in the
following sections.
Issue 2: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to define the following terms,
consistent with AHRI 1360–202X Draft:
Floor-mounted, ceiling-mounted, wallmounted, roof-mounted, up-flow, downflow, horizontal flow, up-flow ducted,
up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted
ducted, ceiling-mounted non-ducted,
and fluid economizer.
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
a. Mounting Configurations
A variety of mounting configurations
are available for CRACs. For CRACs for
which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is designed to be installed indoors
(including both single package and split
system CRACs), mounting
configurations include floor-mounted,
wall-mounted, and ceiling-mounted.
Floor-mounted units are designed as
free-standing units that are installed
directly on a solid floor, a raised floor,
or a floor-stand; wall-mounted units are
designed for installation on or through
a wall; and ceiling-mounted units are
designed to be installed on or through
a ceiling. Other CRACs are designed to
be installed outdoors on a building
rooftop or on a slab at ground level.
DOE proposes to adopt the definitions
in AHRI 1360–202X Draft for ceiling
mounted units, floor mounted units,
roof mounted units, and wall mounted
units, with one minor modification.
Specifically, DOE proposes to replace
the phrase ‘‘Indoor Unit’’ with ‘‘unit
housing the evaporator coil’’ to avoid
the need for defining another term (i.e.,
‘‘Indoor Unit’’) in the Federal
regulations. Section 3.11 of AHRI 1360–
202X Draft specifies that ‘‘Indoor Unit’’
for a split system is the unit that
removes heat from the indoor air stream.
DOE has tentatively concluded that ‘‘the
unit removing heat from the indoor air
stream’’ and ‘‘the unit housing the
evaporator coil’’ are substantively
identical for CRACs—the only
distinction would be for computer room
air handlers, which remove heat from
the airstream via a chilled water coil
and thus do not have an evaporator coil.
Because DOE does not regulate air
handlers, DOE is proposing to use the
phrase ‘‘housing the evaporator coil’’ to
describe more narrowly the indoor unit
of a CRAC split system.
DOE proposes the following
definitions for CRAC mounting
configurations at 10 CFR 431.92. These
definitions are referenced by other
proposed CRAC configuration
definitions described in the sections
that follow.
Floor-mounted means a configuration
of computer room air conditioner for
which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is configured for indoor installation
on a solid floor, raised floor, or floorstand. Floor-mounted computer room
air conditioners are one of the following
three configurations: Down-flow,
horizontal-flow, or up-flow.
Ceiling-mounted means a
configuration of computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing
the evaporator coil is configured for
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
indoor installation on or through a
ceiling.
Wall-mounted means a configuration
of computer room air conditioner for
which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is configured for installation on or
through a wall.
Roof-mounted means a configuration
of computer room air conditioner that is
not wall-mounted, and for which the
unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for outdoor installation.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
b. Flow Direction
DOE is proposing to adopt the
definitions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft for
‘‘up-flow,’’ ‘‘down-flow,’’ and
‘‘horizontal-flow’’ CRAC configurations,
with minor additions to: (1) Clarify that
these provisions apply only to floormounted CRACs because other types of
CRACs (i.e., ceiling-mounted, roofmounted, and wall-mounted CRACs)
each only have one possible airflow
direction through the unit; and (2)
replace the term ‘‘cooling coil’’ with
‘‘evaporator coil’’ to more specifically
reference the relevant coil, because a
fluid economizer coil could also be
considered a ‘‘cooling coil.’’ The
limitation of scope of these definitions
to floor-mounted CRACs is consistent
with Section 3.9.2 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft, which includes these as subdefinitions under the definition for
‘‘floor-mounted unit.’’
DOE proposes the following
definitions regarding the airflow
direction for CRACs at 10 CFR 431.92:
Up-flow means a configuration of
floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters
below the bottom of the evaporator coil
and discharge air leaves above the top
of the evaporator coil.
Down-flow means a configuration of
floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters
above the top of the evaporator coil and
discharge air leaves below the bottom of
the evaporator coil.
Horizontal-flow means a configuration
of floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner that is neither a down-flow
nor an up-flow unit.
c. Ducted and Non-Ducted Definitions
The definitions in Section 3.19 of
AHRI 1360–2017 distinguish between
ducted and non-ducted up-flow units
based on the presence of factoryinstalled air discharge grills or factoryinstalled supply air plenums. Certain
floor-mounted units, ceiling-mounted
units, and wall-mounted units can be
installed either with or without a duct,
depending on the needs of the
installation of the unit in the field. In
the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
noted that AHRI 1360–2016 does not
provide express instructions on which
up-flow standard model requirements
would be used for testing equipment
that can be installed either with or
without a duct. DOE requested comment
on which equipment characteristics can
be used to determine whether up-flow
CRACs should be tested as ducted or
non-ducted models. DOE also requested
comment on whether up-flow units can
be sold for both up-flow ducted and upflow non-ducted applications, and
whether such models are currently
tested using both ducted and nonducted rating conditions. 82 FR 34427,
34432–34433 (July 25, 2017).
In addition, as discussed in the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE’s review of
CRAC installation manuals suggests that
some up-flow units are installed with a
plenum that directs the vertical airflow
exiting the top of the unit to a horizontal
direction (e.g., either toward the front or
rear of the unit). DOE requested
comment on the percentage of up-flow
CRAC installations in which a plenum
is attached, and whether non-ducted
units are tested with or without this
plenum. 82 FR 34427, 34434 (July 25,
2017).
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, AHRI stated that up-flow units
that can be installed with ducting or
with an air discharge plenum would use
more energy in the ducted configuration
and should, therefore, be tested and
rated as ducted. The commenter argued
that testing and rating a unit as both
ducted and non-ducted would add
unnecessary testing burden on
manufacturers. AHRI further stated that
only units with factory-integrated
discharge grills should be tested as nonducted. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 4)
AHRI also commented that if an upflow unit is not shipped with an integral
factory grill, it should be considered an
up-flow ducted unit and that such units
are currently tested with a duct
regardless of whether they have a
plenum installed or are ducted in the
field. AHRI further added that
approximately 33 percent of up-flow
ducted units use a manufacturer’s
plenum to redirect the air from the
upward direction, while the remaining
67 percent may be installed with
ducting in the field. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
6).
This issue was addressed with
changes in AHRI 1360–202X Draft. The
definitions in Sections 3.3.1 and 3.9.1 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft distinguish
between ducted and non-ducted ceiling
mounted and up-flow floor mounted
units based on the marketing of the unit.
Specifically, a unit that is marketed only
for use without discharge ducting is
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6955
classified as a non-ducted unit and a
unit that is marketed for use with
discharge ducting (but may also be
marketed for use without discharge
ducting) is classified as a ducted unit.
DOE is proposing to include
definitions consistent with AHRI 1360–
202X Draft that differentiate between
ducted and non-ducted units, with only
minor modifications. The modifications
are to simplify the definitions and
remove unnecessary phrases. For
example, the definitions for ‘‘ducted
discharge’’ and ‘‘free air discharge’’ in
Section 3.9.1 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
apply to both up-flow and down-flow
units and specify that the terms exclude
units that are ‘‘raised floor plenum
discharge.’’ The explicit exclusion of
units that are ‘‘raised floor plenum
discharge’’ applies only to down-flow
units because an up-flow unit
discharges air near the top of the unit
and would, therefore, never discharge
air into a raised floor plenum.
Consequently, this exclusion is
unnecessary in DOE’s proposed
definitions for ‘‘up-flow ducted’’ and
‘‘up-flow non-ducted.’’
In summary, DOE proposes the
following definitions at 10 CFR 431.92
that differentiate between ducted and
non-ducted units for up-flow and
ceiling-mounted CRACs:
Up-flow ducted means a configuration
of an up-flow computer room air
conditioner that is configured for use
with discharge ducting (even if the unit
is also configurable for use without
discharge ducting).
Up-flow non-ducted means a
configuration of an up-flow computer
room air conditioner that is configured
only for use without discharge ducting.
Ceiling-mounted ducted means a
configuration of ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is
configured for use with discharge
ducting (even if the unit is also
configurable for use without discharge
ducting).
Ceiling-mounted non-ducted means a
configuration of ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is
configured only for use without
discharge ducting.
d. Fluid Economizer
Section 3.10 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
specifies a definition for ‘‘fluid
economizer,’’ which it defines (in part)
as an option available to CRACs or
computer room air handler systems.
DOE is proposing to adopt the following
definition for ‘‘fluid economizer’’ at 10
CFR 431.92, which is consistent with
the definition used by AHRI 1360–202X
Draft, except that it does not include
computer room air handlers because
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6956
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
these air handlers (i.e., chilled water
coils) do not meet DOE’s definition for
‘‘commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment’’ at 10 CFR
431.92.
Fluid Economizer means an option
available with a computer room air
conditioner in which a fluid (other than
air), cooled externally from the unit,
provides cooling of the indoor air to
reduce or eliminate unit compressor
operation when outdoor temperature is
low. The fluid may include, but is not
limited to, chilled water, water/glycol
solution, or refrigerant. An external
fluid cooler, such as but not limited to
a dry cooler, cooling tower, or
condenser, is utilized for heat rejection.
This component is sometimes referred
to as a free cooling coil, econ-o-coil, or
economizer.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
E. Metric
1. NSenCOP
DOE’s current efficiency metric for
CRACs is SCOP, which is a ratio of
cooling capacity delivered to the power
consumed. For most categories of air
conditioners and heat pumps other than
CRACs, the efficiency metrics are
calculated based on total cooling
capacity (which includes both sensible
cooling and latent cooling). However,
unlike the conditioned spaces in most
commercial buildings, computer rooms
and data centers typically have limited
human occupancy and minimal
dehumidification requirements, and
thus, primarily require only sensible
cooling. Therefore, SCOP is calculated
based on sensible cooling capacity
rather than total cooling capacity.
As discussed, ASHRAE Standard
90.1–2016 amended the efficiency
metric for CRACs from SCOP (measured
per ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007) to
NSenCOP (measured per AHRI 1360–
2016). ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2019
subsequently retained NSenCOP as the
test metric, but it updated the test
reference to AHRI 1360–2017 (which
specifies NSenCOP as the test metric
and has the same test conditions as
AHRI 1360–2016). AHRI 1360–202X
Draft also specifies NSenCOP as the test
metric and maintains the rating
conditions found in AHRI 1360–2017,
while also adding rating conditions for
roof-mounted and wall-mounted units.
Like SCOP, NSenCOP is a ratio of
sensible cooling capacity to the power
consumed. However, the test procedure
to determine NSenCOP differs from that
to determine SCOP in four key aspects:
(1) For several CRAC configurations
(e.g., down-flow, up-flow ducted),
different indoor entering air
temperatures are specified; (2) for water-
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
cooled CRACs, different entering water
temperatures are specified; (3) for upflow ducted configurations, different
indoor air external static pressure (ESP)
requirements are specified; and (4) for
water-cooled and glycol-cooled CRACs,
NSenCOP accounts for energy
consumed by fans and pumps that
would be installed in the outdoor heat
rejection loop, which is not accounted
for in SCOP. Because of these key
differences, the SCOP and NSenCOP
metrics are not equivalent and would
result in different ratings. As noted, the
current energy conservation standards
for CRACs are in terms of SCOP, and
testing according to the DOE test
procedure to determine SCOP would
continue to be required until such time
as the energy conservation standards are
amended to rely on NSenCOP, should
DOE adopt such changes to the
standards. Each of the differences
between SCOP and NSenCOP is
discussed in further detail in the
following paragraphs.
a. Indoor Entering Air Temperatures
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 (for SCOP)
specifies using a return air temperature
(i,e., indoor entering air temperature) of
75 °F for all CRAC configurations.
However, in the field, the location of the
return air inlet can impact the return air
temperature. For example, CRAC
configurations in which the return air
inlet is located close to the heat source
(i.e., horizontal flow units, which are
typically located adjacent to server
racks) would have higher entering air
temperatures than configurations with
return air inlets located further from the
heat source. In general, increasing the
indoor entering air temperature
(assuming all other parameters remain
unchanged) increases the measured
sensible cooling capacity and sensible
cooling efficiency. In contrast, AHRI
1360–202X Draft (for NSenCOP)
specifies different return air
temperatures for different
configurations. Specifically, AHRI
1360–202X Draft specifies indoor
entering air dry-bulb temperatures for
each CRAC configuration, as follows: (1)
85 °F for up-flow ducted units, downflow units, and roof-mounted units; (2)
95 °F for horizontal-flow units; and (3)
75 °F for up-flow non-ducted units,
ceiling-mounted ducted units, ceilingmounted non-ducted units, and wallmounted units.
b. Entering Water Temperatures
For water-cooled CRACs, ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2007 (for SCOP) specifies
an entering water temperature of 86 °F,
whereas AHRI 1360–202X Draft (for
NSenCOP) specifies an entering water
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
temperature of 83 °F. In general,
decreasing the entering water
temperature increases the measured
efficiency.
c. Indoor Air ESP Requirements
For up-flow ducted CRACs, both
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 and AHRI
1360–202X Draft specify indoor air ESP
requirements that vary with net sensible
cooling capacity. AHRI 1360–202X Draft
specifies lower ESP requirements than
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 across all
capacity ranges, and the capacity bins
(i.e., capacity ranges over which each
ESP requirement applies) are different
between the two test standards. Testing
with a lower ESP typically decreases the
indoor fan power input without a
corresponding decrease in cooling
capacity, thus increasing the measured
efficiency. Additionally, the reduction
in fan heat entering the indoor air
stream that results from lower fan power
also slightly increases net sensible
cooling capacity (NSCC). These indoor
air ESP requirements are further
discussed in section III.F.6 of this
NOPR.
d. Energy Consumption of Heat
Rejection Components
For air-cooled CRACs, all energy
consumption associated with heat
rejection (i.e., transfer of heat that is
captured from the conditioned space to
outdoor air) is directly captured under
both ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 and
AHRI 1360–202X Draft because the
units include the condenser fan(s) as
integral components. However, for
water-cooled CRACs and glycol-cooled
CRACs, the energy consumption
associated with heat rejection
components (i.e., liquid pump and
cooling tower/dry cooler fan(s)) is not
captured in either test method, because
the heat rejection components for these
CRACs are not integral components.
However, Section 6.3.1 of AHRI 1360–
202X Draft requires that an allowance
for the power input of these components
be added to the total power input used
to determine NSenCOP. Specifically,
Section 6.3.1.3 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft requires that an allowance be
added for cooling tower fan(s) and water
pump power input of water-cooled
CRACs equal to 5 percent of the
measured unit net sensible cooling
capacity, and Section 6.3.1.4 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft requires that an
allowance be added for dry cooler fan(s)
and glycol pump power input of glycolcooled CRACs equal to 7.5 percent of
the measured unit net sensible cooling
capacity. ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 does
not include any such adjustments to
account for the power consumption of
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
these heat rejection components in the
power input used to calculate SCOP.
The addition of these allowances does
not change how the test is conducted,
but the resulting changes to the
efficiency ratings would more fully
capture field energy consumption and
allow for more representative
comparison of water-cooled and glycolcooled CRACs with air-cooled CRACs.
e. Conclusion
In response to the changes to the
efficiency metric and referenced
industry test standard for CRACs in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2019 and the
draft update to the referenced industry
test standard (AHRI 1360–202X Draft),
DOE proposes to update its efficiency
metric for CRACs to NSenCOP. As
discussed in section I.A of this NOPR,
this approach is consistent with the
general statutory scheme in EPCA to
adopt an amended test procedure that is
consistent with the updated relevant
industry test procedure referenced in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1. As part of any
future analysis of energy conservation
standards for CRACs, DOE would expect
to conduct a crosswalk analysis to
translate the current Federal standards
in terms of SCOP to equivalent levels in
terms of NSenCOP to evaluate potential
amendments to the energy conservation
standards, as appropriate.
Updating the industry consensus
standard referenced in the DOE test
procedure for CRACs to the draft
updated version of the industry
standard (i.e., AHRI 1360–202X Draft),
would require DOE to change the metric
for CRACs from SCOP to NSenCOP. As
noted, the energy conservation
standards for CRACs are in terms of
SCOP, and testing according to the DOE
test procedure to determine SCOP
would continue to be required until
such time as the energy conservation
standards are amended to rely on
NSenCOP, should DOE adopt such
changes to the standards. Further, DOE
is unaware of any data or information
indicating that NSenCOP test conditions
are not representative of an average
CRAC use cycle, but the Department
requests comments, data, and
information as to this understanding.
Issue 3: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the NSenCOP metric
for CRACs as part of the proposed test
procedure in appendix E1, which would
be used only if DOE were to prescribe
energy conservation standards
denominated in terms of NSenCOP in a
future rulemaking. Additionally, DOE
seeks feedback on whether the rating
conditions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft are
appropriately representative of field
applications.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
2. Integrated Efficiency Metric
In contrast to an efficiency metric that
measures performance at only one test
point, an annualized, or ‘‘integrated’’
efficiency metric measures performance
at multiple test points (i.e., tests with
different outdoor test conditions) that
are intended to reflect seasonal variation
in outdoor ambient temperatures that
would be experienced by the equipment
installed in the field. ANSI/ASHRAE
127–2007 includes an integrated
efficiency metric (i.e., adjusted sensible
coefficient of performance (ASCOP)—a
metric for which DOE does not require
manufacturers to report ratings), which
is calculated based on the SCOP
determined at four different rating
conditions (A, B, C, and D) that
represent different ambient conditions,
with weightings for the SCOP at each
rating condition based on the climate at
a specific location. All subsequent
versions of CRAC industry standards
(i.e, 2012 and 2020 versions of ASHRAE
Standard 127; 2013, 2016, 2017, and
draft versions of AHRI Standard 1360)
include a different integrated efficiency
metric—integrated net sensible
coefficient of performance (iNSenCOP).
The iNSenCOP metric is similar to
ASCOP in that it comprises a weighted
average of NSenCOP values for four test
points at varying outdoor conditions.15
Additionally, iNSenCOP includes the
weightings for each test point, whereas
for ASCOP, ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007
does not provide the weightings for each
test point, and instead specifies
obtaining data from a weather bureau or
other reputable source to develop
weightings for each ASCOP test point.
The ASCOP and iNSenCOP test
methods in the CRAC industry
consensus test standards require units to
maintain a constant sensible cooling
capacity at lower ambient temperatures.
However, as the ambient temperature
decreases, the maximum cooling
capacity of a CRAC will inherently
increase as the condensing temperature
decreases. The CRAC industry
consensus test standards do not provide
direction regarding how the unit should
be controlled to deliver the same
amount of sensible cooling as its
capacity increases for the lower-ambient
tests. AHRI 1360–2017 acknowledges
that it may be difficult to maintain test
conditions within tolerance while
15 The rating conditions A, B, C, and D specified
for ASCOP in ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 and for
iNSenCOP in subsequent CRAC industry test
standards (i.e., 2012 and 2020 versions of ASHRAE
Standard 127; 2013, 2016, 2017, and 202X Draft
versions of AHRI Standard 1360) for air-cooled
units correspond to outdoor entering air
temperatures of 95.0 °F, 80.0 °F, 65.0 °F, and 40.0 °F,
respectively.
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6957
operating at the full-load cooling load at
reduced ambient temperatures, but does
not provide direction regarding how the
unit should be controlled. In the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether it should consider
adopting an integrated efficiency metric
(e.g., iNSenCOP) and, if so, how the
requirement to maintain a constant
sensible cooling capacity associated
with the iNSenCOP test procedure
should be implemented during testing.
82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that an
annualized energy efficiency metric
such as iNSenCOP would best represent
the energy efficiency of CRACs.
However, AHRI stated that testing
limitations currently prevent the
development of an iNSenCOP metric.
AHRI further commented that it had
begun work to assess the feasibility of
an annualized metric that can be
verified by testing, but that this research
would not be completed in time for
inclusion in the 2017 version of AHRI
1360. Consequently, AHRI
recommended that this issue be
addressed at a later date. (AHRI, No. 11
at p. 3)
Consistent with AHRI’s comment,
section D1 of AHRI 136–2017 (and
section G1 of the subsequently
published AHRI 1360–202X Draft) states
that ‘‘a long-term goal is for iNSenCOP
to replace NSenCOP after a more readily
testable means has been standardized.’’
DOE is not aware of any test data that
verifies the validity of the iNSenCOP
metric. Further, minimum efficiency
levels in terms of iNSenCOP have not
been adopted in ASHRAE Standard
90.1. The Department acknowledges the
potential benefit regarding
representativeness that would be
provided with an annualized metric for
CRACs. However, given the apparent
need for further validation and the lack
of test data, DOE is not proposing to use
the iNSenCOP metric at this time.
3. Part-Load Operation and Air
Circulation Mode
As discussed in the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, CRACs typically
operate at part-load (i.e., less than
designed full cooling capacity) in the
field. 82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25,
2017). Reasons for this may include, but
are not limited to, redundancy in
installed units to prevent server
shutdown if a CRAC unit stops working,
and server room designers building in
extra cooling capacity to accommodate
additional server racks in the future.
While the current DOE test procedure
measures performance at full-load, DOE
has estimated that CRACs operate on
average at a sensible load of 65 percent
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
6958
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
of the full-load sensible capacity in the
analysis for a final rule for standards
and test procedures for certain
commercial heating, air conditioning,
and water heating equipment (including
CRACs) published on May 16, 2012 (77
FR 28928). (Technical Support
Document, EERE–2011–BT–STD–0029–
0021, pp. 4–15, 4–16) In the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
information on the range of typical field
load levels for CRACs at conditions
close to or at the maximum ambient
outdoor air temperature conditions
specified in the DOE test procedure for
various unit capacities. DOE also sought
input on typical rules of thumb for
oversizing and whether the issue of
oversizing of this equipment should be
addressed in the efficiency metric. 82
FR 34427, 34432 (July 25, 2017).
Additionally, as discussed in the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, many CRACs
operate in air circulation mode. 82 FR
34427, 34432 (July 25, 2017). In this
mode, the direct expansion refrigerant
system is shut down, and only the
indoor fans and controls are operating.
In a computer room with redundant
CRAC units installed, one or more of the
redundant units can be operated in air
circulation mode to provide increased
air movement. In the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, DOE requested comment on the
conditions under which CRACs
typically operate in air circulation mode
(i.e., operating the indoor fan without
actively cooling) in the field, whether
each CRAC switches automatically
between standard cooling mode and air
circulation mode, and if so, the time
percentage that CRACs operate in air
circulation mode. DOE also sought
comment on which fan setting(s) is used
for air circulation mode and whether
DOE should consider this energy use in
the CRAC efficiency metric. Id.
The CA IOUs encouraged DOE to
adopt an efficiency metric for CRACs
that includes part-load conditions,
stating that a full-load metric is highly
unrepresentative of operation of CRACs
in the field. Specifically, the CA IOUs
stated that because computer rooms are
built out in stages, CRACs may be sized
for loads that are far greater than the
loads actually met in practice, and that
redundant and oversized CRACs are
typically installed to ensure the
continuous operation of these critical
facilities. These commenters further
stated that CRACs typically operate at
between 10 percent and 50 percent of
full-load capacity. Therefore, the CA
IOUs recommended that DOE should
modify the iNSenCOP metric to account
for part-load operation in addition to
variations in ambient conditions, or that
DOE should develop a new integrated
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
metric that includes part-load test
points. (CA IOUs, No. 3 at pp. 3–4)
The Joint Advocates urged DOE to
adopt an efficiency metric for CRACs
that incorporates part-load performance,
stating that a full-load metric is not
representative of performance in the
field and, therefore, does not provide
good information to consumers.
Additionally, the Joint Advocates stated
that if CRACs spend a significant
amount of time in air circulation mode,
the energy use for that operating mode
should be captured in the test
procedure. These commenters also
stated that variable-speed controls for
fans and compressors can significantly
improve performance when operating at
part-load conditions or in air circulation
mode, and that capturing these benefits
in the test procedure would likely
increase adoption of these technologies.
The Joint Advocates acknowledged that
measuring power consumption in air
circulation mode would require
additional testing, but suggested that the
test burden would be small and that
testing of air circulation mode could be
performed immediately following the
refrigeration system testing, similar to
what is specified in the new test
procedures for testing dehumidifiers in
‘‘off-cycle’’ mode. (Joint Advocates, No.
9 at pp. 2–3)
AHRI stated that oversizing of CRACs
varies from site to site and depends on
several factors such as redundancy,
control sequencing, and the build-out
plan. Because of such variations, AHRI
stated that it is neither practical nor
feasible to address oversizing in the
efficiency metric for CRACs. AHRI did
not comment on whether energy use
from air circulation mode should be
reflected in the CRAC efficiency metric,
but stated that airflow is a major
consideration in the design of a data
center cooling system and that the
control of airflow depends on how the
data center is designed. The trade
association stated that circulating fan
speeds (in the case of variable-speed
fans) are controlled by aisle
temperatures, rack temperatures, static
pressure, and supply air or return air
temperatures; and that the industry has
gone to great lengths to address airflow
design and control issues. AHRI further
commented that in many cases, the
controls can be adjusted manually in a
matter of seconds to respond to server
equipment or load changes in the room.
(AHRI, No. 11 at p. 4)
These comments suggest that CRACs
are commonly oversized when installed
in the field, and that this oversizing can
significantly influence performance.
DOE acknowledges that the extent of
oversizing of CRACs likely varies by
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
application, but DOE tentatively
disagrees with AHRI’s statement that it
is neither practical nor feasible to
account for oversizing in an efficiency
metric for CRACs. For example, the ESP
that indoor fans must overcome from
ductwork varies widely by installation
location, yet all versions of AHRI
Standard 1360 specify ESP requirements
to be used for testing all CRACs.
Additionally, DOE understands that
many CRACs operate in air circulation
mode and that incorporating air
circulation mode in testing might
incentivize use of more-efficient fan
technologies for CRACs that typically
operate at lower fan speeds in air
circulation mode. At this time, however,
DOE does not have information or data
on part-load or air circulation mode
operation of CRACs to support a
proposal to amend the efficiency metric
to account for performance in these
operating modes.
F. Test Method
This section discusses certain issues
related to testing CRACs, several of
which were identified by DOE in the
July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI and
subsequently addressed in AHRI 1360–
202X Draft. Therefore, in this section,
comments received regarding such
issues are briefly summarized and cited
but are addressed by referencing the
relevant language in AHRI 1360–202X
Draft.
1. Standard Configurations
Section 3.18 of AHRI 1360–2016
specifies four floor-mounted ‘‘standard
model’’ configurations to standardize
rating conditions (e.g., ESP, return air
temperature) based on the configuration
of a unit. These four ‘‘standard model’’
configurations are: Up-flow ducted, upflow non-ducted, down-flow, and
horizontal-flow. Section C1 of Appendix
C of AHRI 1360–2016 categorizes all
units within the scope of the test as one
of the four floor-mounted ‘‘standard
model’’ configurations, and Table C1 of
AHRI 1360–2016 specifies the indoor
rating conditions for each ‘‘standard
model’’ configuration. Table C1 of AHRI
1360–2016 also identifies 13
‘‘application configurations,’’ which are
optional test configurations and are not
specified for use in developing
efficiency ratings.
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, DOE requested confirmation that,
although floor-mounted CRACs may be
sold to be installed in multiple
configurations, all models are capable of
being tested as one of the four floormounted standard models identified in
Table C.1 of AHRI 1360–2016. 82 FR
34427, 34433 (July 25, 2017).
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, AHRI stated that all floormounted models can be configured as
one of the four floor-mounted standard
models specified in AHRI 1360–2016
and tested accordingly. AHRI also
added that some air discharge unit
variations may require special test setups, but did not elaborate on this issue.
(AHRI, No. 11 at p. 4)
AHRI 1360–2017 specifies six
‘‘standard model’’ configurations and
includes ceiling-mounted ducted and
ceiling-mounted non-ducted ‘‘standard
model’’ configurations, in addition to
the four floor-mounted ‘‘standard
model’’ configurations in AHRI 1360–
2016. AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes a
similar concept but designates the
configurations as ‘‘standard
configurations’’ rather than ‘‘standard
models.’’ In addition to the six
configurations specified as ‘‘standard
models’’ in AHRI 1360–2017, Sections
3.25 and C1 (to Appendix C) of AHRI
1360–202X Draft include two additional
standard configurations for wallmounted and roof-mounted CRACs.
Tables C1 and C2 to Appendix C of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft specify these
eight standard configurations, as well as
14 ‘‘application configurations,’’ which
Section 3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
defines as unit configurations other than
standard configurations. However,
Section 3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
states that all units within the scope of
AHRI Standard 1360 shall be tested and
rated as standard configurations.
Accordingly, for each application
configuration, Note 2 to Table C1 and
Notes 3 through 5 to Table C2 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft assign a specific
standard configuration to be used for
rating purposes.
In light of the provisions in AHRI
1360–202X Draft regarding standard
configurations for testing CRACs, DOE
surmises that the approach provided in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft represents
industry consensus regarding the most
appropriate and representative
configurations for testing. To the extent
that AHRI had any concerns regarding
special test set-ups needed for certain
unit variations (as set forth in the
comments in response to the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI), DOE presumes that
AHRI’s original position on this issue
changed during the course of
developing the updated industry
consensus standard. DOE is proposing
to adopt the provisions regarding
standard configurations to be used for
testing under AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
2. Ceiling-Mounted CRACs
The CRAC industry test standard
referenced in DOE’s current test
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
procedure in 10 CFR 431.96, ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2007 (omitting section
5.11), is not specific as to mounting
location (i.e., floor, ceiling, wall, roof).
However, on October 7, 2015, DOE
issued a draft guidance document
(‘‘October 2015 Draft Guidance’’) to
clarify that ceiling-mounted CRACs are
covered equipment and are required to
be tested under the current DOE test
procedure for purposes of making
representations of energy consumption.
DOE also noted that a manufacturer may
request a test procedure waiver for a
basic model if it contains design
features that prevent testing according
to the DOE test procedure. (Docket No.
EERE–2014–BT–GUID–0022, No. 3, pp.
1–2) 16
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE requested comment on the
appropriate test procedure for ceilingmounted CRACs and the test burden
associated with any such procedure. 82
FR 34427, 34431 (July 25, 2017). DOE
also noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007 and ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012 do
not exclude ceiling-mounted CRACs,
but that AHRI 1360–2016 (the latest
version of AHRI 1360 at the time of the
July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI) provides
test provisions and rating conditions
only for floor-mounted CRACs. 82 FR
34427, 34430–34431 (July 25, 2017).
Further, DOE noted that the current
DOE test procedure, which incorporates
by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007,
specifies different test conditions (e.g.,
different ESP) than AHRI 1360–2016,
and the Department requested comment
on whether the test requirements of
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 are
representative of average use cycles for
ceiling-mounted CRACs. 82 FR 34427,
34433–34434 (July 25, 2017). In the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
information on whether the ESP levels
required by ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012
(which is referenced by AHRI 1360–
2016) are representative of field
operation for ceiling-mounted CRACs
(among other non-floor-mounted CRAC
configurations), and if not, what a
representative minimum ESP would be.
82 FR 34427, 34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI commented that
AHRI 1360 was under revision (at the
time of the response) and that an
updated version would be published in
2017 (i.e., AHRI 1360–2017). AHRI
stated that the revised version would
specify ESP requirements for ceilingmounted CRACs. AHRI provided a
working draft of AHRI 1360–2017 as
part of its comment response. (AHRI,
No. 11 at p. 6) AHRI also stated that the
16 Available at: www.regulations.gov/
docket?D=EERE-2014-BT-GUID-0022.
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6959
average use cycle for ceiling-mounted
CRAC units and other non-floormounted CRACs would be the same as
floor-mounted units. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
5)
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes
ceiling-mounted units within the scope
of the industry consensus test standard
and specifies ducting configuration (e.g.,
ducted discharge and ducted return)
requirements in section 3.3.1, indoor
entering air temperature in Table 3, and
ESP requirements that apply specifically
to ceiling-mounted units in Table 5 of
that standard. These configurations and
conditions align with those included for
ceiling-mounted CRACs in the working
draft of AHRI 1360–2017 provided as
part of AHRI’s comment response.
Accordingly, DOE surmises that the
approach provided in AHRI 1360–202X
Draft represents industry consensus
regarding the most appropriate and
representative method for testing
ceiling-mounted CRACs. Further, from
DOE’s initial review of public product
literature for ceiling-mounted CRACs,
DOE has tentatively determined that the
ESP requirements for ceiling-mounted
CRACs in AHRI 1360–202X Draft are
more representative for testing ceilingmounted CRACs than the ESP
requirements specified in ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2007 (as provided in the
October 2015 Draft Guidance
Document). Therefore, DOE is proposing
to adopt the provisions in AHRI 1360–
202X Draft regarding testing ceilingmounted CRACs. If DOE adopts the
proposed test procedures for ceilingmounted CRACs, DOE expects that this
update to the industry consensus
standard would obviate the need to
update/finalize DOE’s draft guidance
document on this issue. (Docket No.
EERE–2014–BT–GUID–0022, No. 3, pp.
1–2)
3. Non-Floor Mounted CRACs
The current DOE test procedure
(which references ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007) does not provide specific
directions for testing wall-mounted or
roof-mounted CRACs (although they are
not excluded from ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007). In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE requested information on the
extent to which single-package nonfloor-mounted air conditioners are used
in computer room applications. DOE
also requested comment on whether
special test procedure provisions should
be developed for different kinds of
single-package non-floor-mounted air
conditioners that are used for computer
room cooling. 82 FR 34427, 34431 (July
25, 2017).
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, AHRI stated that it did not have
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
6960
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
information on the extent to which
single-package non-floor-mounted air
conditioners are used in computer room
applications. AHRI further stated that it
has not studied test provisions for
single-package non-floor-mounted
CRACs in-depth, but commented that
these units could be tested by
combining the test set-up(s) used for
testing air conditioners intended for
comfort cooling applications with the
rating conditions specified for CRACs in
AHRI 1360. (AHRI, No. 11 at pp. 2–3)
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes wallmounted and roof-mounted units in the
scope of the test standard and provides
rating and test conditions for these
units. In light of the provisions in AHRI
1360–202X Draft regarding testing wallmounted and roof-mounted CRACs,
DOE surmises that the approach
provided in AHRI 1360–202X Draft
represents industry consensus regarding
the most appropriate and representative
method for testing these CRACs. DOE is
proposing to adopt the provisions in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft regarding testing
wall-mounted and roof-mounted
CRACs.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE also requested comment on
whether there are other configurations
of commercial package air conditioners
that are designed, marketed, or used in
computer room cooling applications and
that meet DOE’s current definition for a
CRAC, beyond floor-mounted units,
ceiling-mounted units, portable units,
indoor single-package wall-mounted
units, roof-mounted units, and certain
SPVUs. 82 FR 34427, 34431 (July 25,
2017).
In response, AHRI commented that
DOE’s list of configurations of
commercial package air conditioners
presented in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI covers all variations of systems used
for data center cooling other than
variable refrigerant flow multi-split air
conditioners and heat pumps (‘‘VRF
multi-split systems’’), evaporative
coolers, and site built-up systems (i.e.,
engineered-to-order systems). (AHRI,
No. 11 at p. 3)
DOE has not identified any VRF
multi-split systems on the market that
are specifically marketed for computer
room cooling applications, and
provisions for testing such systems are
not included in AHRI 1360–202X Draft
or ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020.
Evaporative coolers do not include
refrigeration systems; therefore, they are
not air conditioners and are not covered
products or equipment under 42 U.S.C.
6291 or 42 U.S.C. 6311, respectively.
The Federal test procedures (and energy
conservation standards) do not
distinguish between ‘‘engineered-to-
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
order’’ equipment and mass-market
equipment. To the extent that
equipment is a CRAC, it is subject to the
Federal test procedures and applicable
energy conservation standards. In its
comments, AHRI did not provide any
indication that there are site-built/
engineered-to-order CRACs that warrant
unique test provisions. In accordance
with the CRAC configurations covered
in AHRI 1360–202X Draft, DOE
surmises that the provisions provided in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft represents
industry consensus regarding the
configurations of CRACs for which
specific test provisions are warranted.
DOE is not proposing test provisions for
any configurations of CRACs not
included in AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
4. ANSI/ASHRAE 37 Test Requirements
The current DOE test procedure for
CRACs references ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007, which in turn references ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 37–2005, ‘‘Methods
of Testing for Rating Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment’’ (ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2005).
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012
and AHRI 1360–2016 reference a more
recent version (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 37–
2009), but none of these industry test
standards for CRACs indicate which
specific provisions of the applicable
version of ANSI/ASHRAE 37 are
intended to apply. 82 FR 34427, 34433
(July 25, 2017). DOE requested comment
on whether the test method of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009 is appropriate for
measuring capacity, sensible capacity,
and electric energy use for all
configurations of CRACs (including
configurations for which DOE does not
currently prescribe standards). Id.
In response, AHRI stated that a
combination of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–
2009, ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012, and the
draft version of AHRI 1360 at the time
of AHRI’s comment should cover most
test methods for CRACs. (AHRI, No. 11
at p. 5).
AHRI 1360–202X Draft also references
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 but provides
additional clarity on the applicability of
provisions in ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009.
Specifically, Section 5.1 of AHRI 1360–
202X Draft specifies that all testing shall
be conducted in accordance with ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2020 and ANSI/ASHRAE
37–2009, and that in the event of
conflicting instructions between test
standards, the instructions in AHRI
1360–202X Draft take precedence. In
light of the provisions in AHRI 1360–
202X Draft regarding the applicability of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009, DOE surmises
that the approach provided in AHRI
1360–202X Draft represents industry
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
consensus regarding the most
appropriate and representative method
for testing CRACs. DOE is proposing to
adopt the provisions in AHRI 1360–
202X Draft regarding the applicability of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 for testing
CRACs.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE raised several more specific issues
related to the applicability of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009. These issues are
addressed in AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
and DOE is proposing to adopt these
provisions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
These issues are discussed in the
following subsections.
a. Test Tolerances
Table 2b of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009
includes test operating tolerances (i.e.,
the maximum permissible range of a
measurement during the specified test
interval) and condition tolerances (i.e.,
the maximum permissible difference
between the averaged value of the
measured test parameter and the
specified test condition) for several
parameters, including air and fluid
temperatures. Section 5.1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2007 and Section 5.2.1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012 include an
operating tolerance for the room
temperature; however, no published
versions of ANSI/ASHRAE 127 or AHRI
1360 prior to AHRI 1360–2017
specifically include tolerances for any
other test parameters or clarify whether
such tolerances are included as part of
the general reference to ASHRAE
Standard 37.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE requested comment on whether
any operating or condition tolerances
included in Table 2b of ANSI/ASHRAE
37–2009 are inappropriate for CRACs. If
any are inappropriate, DOE requested an
explanation as to why and suggestions
on how the tolerances should be
changed. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July 25,
2017).
In response, AHRI commented that
the tolerances listed in Table 2b of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 are appropriate
for testing CRACs. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
5)
Subsequently, the AHRI 1360
committee has developed an updated
draft version, AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
which specifies operating and condition
test tolerances in Table 7 of the draft
industry test standard. These tolerances
generally align with those in Table 2b of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 but also
include tolerances for electrical voltage,
electrical frequency, and indoor and
outdoor dew point temperatures.
Furthermore, section E5.3.2 of
Appendix E of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
specifies condition tolerances for indoor
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
airflow and ESP. DOE is proposing to
adopt the test tolerances specified in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
b. Enclosure for CRACs With
Compressors in Indoor Units
DOE’s research indicates that most
air-cooled CRACs are split systems with
the compressor(s) housed in the indoor
unit. Additionally, water-cooled and
glycol-cooled CRACs are typically
single-package systems, and all
components in such systems are
typically intended for indoor
installation. Where the compressor is
installed in relation to the conditioned
space and other system components
impacts the capacity of the system and
the provisions necessary for accurately
measuring system capacity, because
waste heat from the compressor is
transferred to the surrounding air.
Section 6.1.5 of ASHRAE 37–2009 states
that an enclosure as shown in Figure 3
of the standard must be used when the
compressor is housed in the indoor
section (i.e., indoor unit) and separately
ventilated (i.e., air that absorbs
compressor heat would not combine
with supply air, which is used to
measure capacity). Figure 3 shows an
insulated enclosure surrounding the
indoor unit that ensures that the
separately ventilated compressor air
recombines with supply air to be
included in capacity measurements.
Hence, the heat rejected from the
compressor shell is accounted for in the
indoor air enthalpy method
measurement. This test arrangement
also reflects field performance of the air
conditioner to the extent that any
compressor heat rejected to the indoors
will heat the space, thereby reducing
cooling capacity and increasing heating
capacity. For systems where the
compressor is in the indoor section but
not separately ventilated, the air that
absorbs compressor heat combines with
supply air and is accounted for in the
indoor air enthalpy method capacity
measurements without the need for the
enclosure in Figure 3. In the 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether it is appropriate to
incorporate the impact of compressor
heat in sensible capacity measurements
for CRACs with compressors housed in
their indoor units. 82 FR 34427, 34433
(July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that the heat
released from the compressor shell is
not significant. AHRI further
commented that both the hot and cold
sections of the compressor are typically
exposed to the unit airstream, and,
therefore, that compressor heat (if any)
is already included in the sensible
capacity measurement of CRACs.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
Similarly, in units where the
compressor is in a separate
compartment, AHRI stated that the
negative air pressure of the adjacent
evaporator usually pulls the compressor
heat, if any, into the airstream. (AHRI,
No. 11 at p. 6).
Section 5.4 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
specifies requirements for when an
enclosure as shown in Figure 3 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009 must be used for
testing CRACs. Specifically, Section
5.4.1 notes than an enclosure is required
for systems for which the compressor(s)
is housed in a part of the unit that the
manufacturer’s installation instructions
indicate is intended for indoor
installation and the compressor(s) is
separately ventilated from the
evaporator or condenser airstream.
Additionally, for systems for which the
compressor(s) is housed in a part of the
unit that the manufacturer’s installation
instructions indicate is intended for
indoor installation, but the
compressor(s) is not separately
ventilated—Section 5.4.2 states that an
enclosure must be used if the required
heat balance between the primary and
secondary capacity measurements
cannot be achieved. In light of the
provisions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft
regarding enclosures for CRACs with
compressors in the indoor unit, DOE
surmises that AHRI’s original position
on these provisions, as set forth in the
comments in response to the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, changed during the
course of developing that industry
consensus standard. DOE is proposing
to adopt the provisions regarding
enclosures for CRACs with compressors
in the indoor unit specified in Section
5.4 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
c. Secondary Methods for Capacity
Measurement
Section 7.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–
2005 (which is referenced by ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2007, which is
incorporated by reference in DOE’s
current test procedure) and Section
7.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 (which
is referenced by all CRAC industry test
standards published after 2009) both
require that when testing equipment
with a total cooling capacity less than
135,000 Btu/h, simultaneous capacity
tests must be conducted using the
indoor air enthalpy method as the
primary method and one other
applicable method as the secondary
method.17 Specifically, these other
applicable test methods include the
17 ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 does not require
secondary capacity measurements for equipment
with cooling capacity greater than or equal to
135,000 Btu/h.
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6961
outdoor air enthalpy method, the
compressor calibration method, the
refrigerant enthalpy method, and the
outdoor liquid coil method. Table 1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2005 and Table 1 of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 specify which
of these test methods are applicable for
each equipment configuration and
method of heat rejection in cooling
mode. Additionally, Section 10.1.2 of
these standards requires that the total
cooling capacity values calculated from
the two simultaneously conducted
methods agree within 6.0 percent.
The secondary test method is mainly
used to validate the accuracy of the
capacity measurements. Specifically,
the secondary test method ensures that
all energy flowing into and out from the
system are accounted for. If the
measured total cooling capacity is
verified to be accurate by using a
secondary test method, the measured
sensible cooling capacity using the
indoor air enthalpy method likewise
would be accurate, thereby ensuring
results that are appropriately
representative of equipment operation
during an average use cycle.
In the 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
sought comment on whether a
secondary test is appropriate for testing
CRACs, for what range of cooling
capacity such a requirement should
apply for CRACs, how the requirement
should be applied, what level of
agreement should be required, and
whether there would be a significant
additional test burden resulting from a
secondary test. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July
25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that it is not
aware of a secondary test that confirms
sensible cooling capacity specifically.
AHRI recommended that DOE not adopt
a secondary test requirement for CRACs
until such time as an appropriate test
method is developed and proven to be
accurate. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 5)
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes
requirements for conducting secondary
methods of total capacity measurement
for CRACs. More specifically, Section
E7.2 of Appendix E of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft sets forth equipment
configurations for which secondary
measurements are not required, but for
all other configurations, it requires use
of one of the applicable ‘‘Group B’’
methods specified in Table 1 of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009 as a secondary
method.18 Section E7.4 of Appendix E
18 Specifically, Section E7.2 of Appendix E of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes the following
requirements: For the following equipment, no
secondary measurements are required: (1) Singlepackage evaporatively-cooled equipment with rated
cooling capacity greater than or equal to 135,000
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
Continued
07FEP2
6962
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
of AHRI 1360–202X Draft specifies a
requirement on agreement between total
capacity measurements (for applicable
equipment)—the secondary capacity
measurement must be within 6 percent
of the primary capacity measurement. In
light of the provisions in AHRI 1360–
202X Draft regarding secondary
methods for capacity measurement,
DOE surmises AHRI’s original position
on these provisions, as set forth in the
comments in response to the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, changed during the
course of developing that industry
consensus standard. DOE is proposing
to adopt the provisions regarding
secondary methods specified in Section
E7 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
5. Ducted Condensers
CRACs with condensers or
condensing units intended for indoor
installation may require ducting of
outdoor air. As part of the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
comment on how to set up the
condenser airflow when testing CRACs
manufactured with condenser air inlet
and outlet connections and high-static
condenser fans (which is indicative of
units that can be installed indoors with
the condenser inlet air ducted from the
outdoors to the unit, and vice versa for
the condenser outlet air). Additionally,
DOE requested comment on whether
some CRACs can be installed with or
without condenser ducting, and if so,
how often these units are typically
installed with condenser ducting. DOE
also sought comment on whether certain
CRAC configurations are more likely to
be installed with condenser ducting. 82
FR 34427, 34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that the
condenser airflow is established and
measured in accordance with ANSI/
ASHRAE 37–2009 and ANSI/ASHRAE
127–2012, and that a two-step process is
required when testing in psychrometric
rooms without an outdoor air
measurement chamber. (AHRI, No. 11 at
p. 7) AHRI also commented that
manufacturers do not know what
percentage of CRACs with indoor
condensers are ducted in the field, but
that all units with indoor condensers are
capable of being ducted and are rated
with an ESP consistent with the
requirements in Section 6.2.4.5 of AHRI
1360–2016.19 AHRI further stated that
Btu/h and (2) air-cooled single-package equipment
with outdoor airflow rates (either manufacturerspecified or determined via testing) above 9,000
scfm. For all other equipment, use one of the
applicable ‘‘Group B’’ methods specified in Table
1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 as a secondary method
for capacity measurement.
19 Section 6.2.4.5 of AHRI 1360–2016 specifies
that for products intended to be installed with the
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
99 percent of air-cooled floor-mounted
CRACs utilize outdoor free air discharge
condensers and that only 1 percent of
units are installed with indoor ducted
condensers. However, AHRI stated that
indoor ducted condensers are more
prevalent for air-cooled ceiling-mounted
CRACs (20 percent). Additionally, AHRI
argued that due to space constraints, as
well as larger condenser fan motors,
ceiling-mounted CRACs with ducted
condensers should have lower
minimum efficiency levels. AHRI stated
that it will develop a proposal regarding
efficiency levels to be included in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for ceilingmounted CRACs with ducted
condensers in the near future. Id.
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes
provisions for testing CRACs with
ducted condensers. Specifically, Table 6
of AHRI 1360–202X Draft provides the
following outdoor air ESP requirements
for units with ducted condensers: 0.5 in
H2O 20 for ceiling-mounted units, and
0.0 in H2O for all other configurations.
Further, Section E6 of Appendix E of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft specifies test
provisions for setting outdoor airflow
and outdoor air ESP for units with
ducted condensers. In light of the
provisions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft
regarding testing CRACs with ducted
condensers, DOE surmises that the
approach provided in AHRI 1360–202X
Draft represents industry consensus
regarding the most appropriate and
representative method for testing CRACs
with ducted condensers. DOE is
proposing to adopt the provisions in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft regarding testing
CRACs with ducted condensers.
Regarding AHRI’s comment about
stringency of minimum efficiency levels
for ceiling-mounted CRACs with ducted
condensers, DOE notes that minimum
efficiency levels for ceiling-mounted
CRACs (including separate levels for
units with and without ducted
condensers) are included in ASHRAE
Standard 90.1–2019. DOE is evaluating
the ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2019
minimum efficiency levels for CRACs in
a separate energy conservation
standards rulemaking (see Docket No.
EERE–2020–BT–STD–0008).
6. Minimum External Static Pressure
Requirements
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI,
DOE noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2007 (which is referenced by the current
DOE test procedure), ANSI/ASHRAE
outdoor airflow ducted, the unit shall be installed
with outdoor coil ductwork installed per
manufacturer installation instructions and shall
operate at 0.5 in H2O ESP.
20 The symbol ‘‘in H O’’ refers to inches of water
2
column.
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
127–2012, and AHRI 1360–2016 all
contain different minimum ESP
specifications. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July
25, 2017). DOE noted that the 2007 and
2012 versions of ANSI/ASHRAE 127
contain the same minimum ESP levels
but use different definitions to
determine which minimum ESP level
applies for a given unit. Specifically,
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012 defines
‘‘ducted systems’’ as ‘‘air conditioners
intended to be connected to supply and/
or return ductwork’’ instead of ‘‘to
supply and return ductwork,’’ as
specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007.
Additionally, DOE observed that the
ESP requirements specified in AHRI
1360–2016 for up-flow ducted and
down-flow configurations are
significantly lower than those specified
in ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2012. DOE
further stated that it was considering
adopting the test procedures and the
ESP requirements specified in AHRI
1360–2016, but sought input on whether
the ESP requirements specified in AHRI
1360–2016 are representative of field
operation for floor-mounted CRACs. 82
FR 34433–34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI commented that
while there are some unusual
circumstances where excessive ducting
is required, the ESP requirements
specified in AHRI 1360–2016 are
representative of most applications.
(AHRI, No. 11 at p. 6)
AHRI 1360–202X Draft specifies
indoor air ESP requirements in Table 5
for all configurations of CRACs. The
ESP requirements specified for floormounted CRACs in Table 5 align with
those specified in AHRI 1360–2016,
except that the capacity boundaries for
ESP requirements for up-flow ducted
units increased from 65,000 Btu/h and
240,000 Btu/h to 80,000 Btu/h and
295,000 Btu/h, respectively. This
increase in capacity boundaries reflects
the increase in NSCC associated with
the increased return air temperature for
up-flow ducted units in the NSenCOP
metric, as compared to the SCOP metric
(see section III.E.1.a of this NOPR for
further discussion of the indoor entering
air temperature conditions for
NSenCOP). ESP requirements for
ceiling-mounted CRACs are discussed
in section III.F.2 of this NOPR, and ESP
requirements for wall-mounted and
roof-mounted CRACs are discussed in
section III.F.3 of this NOPR. DOE
surmises that the approach provided in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft represents
industry consensus regarding the most
appropriate and representative ESP
requirements for testing CRACs. DOE is
not proposing any deviations from the
ESP requirements specified in Table 5 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
7. Refrigerant Charging Instructions
The amount of refrigerant charge in an
air conditioner can have a significant
impact on the system performance.
DOE’s current test procedure for CRACs
requires that units be set up for test in
accordance with the manufacturer
installation and operation manuals. 10
CFR 431.96(e). In addition, the current
DOE test procedure states that if the
manufacturer specifies a range of
superheat, sub-cooling, and/or
refrigerant pressures in the installation
and operation manual, any value within
that range may be used to determine
refrigerant charge, unless the
manufacturer clearly specifies a rating
value in its installation or operation
manual, in which case the specified
value shall be used. 10 CFR 431.96(e)(1).
The current DOE test procedure does
not provide charging instructions if the
manufacturer does not provide
instructions in the manual that is
shipped with the unit or if the provided
instructions are unclear or incomplete.
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, DOE noted that neither the
ASHRAE nor the AHRI test standards
for CRACs (published at the time of the
July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI) include
specific instructions for refrigerant
charging. 82 FR 34427, 34434 (July 25,
2017). In a June 8, 2016 final rule for the
test procedure for central air
conditioners and heat pumps (CACs/
HPs), DOE further stated that the
Federal test procedure for CACs/HPs
provides a comprehensive approach for
refrigerant charging intended to improve
test reproducibility.21 81 FR 36992,
37030–37031. Specifically, DOE noted
in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI that
the approach for CACs/HPs indicates
which set of installation instructions to
use for charging, explains what to do if
there are no instructions, indicates that
target values of parameters are the
centers of the range allowed by
installation instructions, and specifies
tolerances for the measured values. DOE
requested comment on which refrigerant
charging requirements should be
considered to establish reproducible test
results for CRACs, and whether the
approach for CACs/HPs would be
appropriate for CRACs. DOE also
requested comment on the operating
conditions at which CRAC units are
typically charged in the field and/or
what conditions should be used to set
refrigerant charge for testing purposes.
82 FR 34427, 34434–34435 (July 25,
2017).
21 The currently applicable test procedure for
CACs/HPs is located at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix M.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
In response, AHRI commented that
refrigerant charging should be based on
the manufacturer’s instructions, and
that because CRACs are operated yearround, manufacturers determine the
optimum charge for hot and cold
weather operation. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
8).
Section 5.9 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
includes a comprehensive set of
provisions regarding refrigerant
charging for CRACs that is generally
consistent with the approach for CACs/
HPs currently in DOE’s regulations.
Specifically, Section 5.9 of AHRI 1360–
202X Draft requires that units be
charged at conditions specified by the
manufacturer in accordance with the
manufacturer installation instructions or
labels applied to the unit, which is
consistent with AHRI’s comment. If
there are no manufacturer-specified
charging conditions, Section 5.9 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft specifies
charging at the standard rating
conditions (as defined in Tables 3 and
4 of that test standard). Section 5.9 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft also provides
additional charging instructions to be
used if the manufacturer does not
provide instructions or if the provided
instructions are unclear or incomplete
(e.g., specifying default charging targets
to use if none are provided by the
manufacturer and specifying an
instruction priority to be used in the
event of conflicting information
between multiple manufacturerprovided charging instructions). In light
of the provisions in AHRI 1360–202X
Draft, DOE surmises that the approach
provided in AHRI 1360–202X Draft
represents industry consensus regarding
the most appropriate and representative
approach for refrigerant charging for
testing CRACs. DOE is not proposing
any deviations from the refrigerant
charging provisions specified in Section
5.9 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
G. Configuration of Unit Under Test
CRACs are distributed in commerce in
a variety of configurations consisting of
different combinations of components.
The following sections address the
required configuration of units under
test.
1. Specific Components
An Appliance Standards and
Rulemaking Federal Advisory
Committee (ASRAC) working group for
certain commercial heating, ventilating,
and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
(Commercial HVAC Working Group),22
22 In 2013, members of ASRAC formed the
Commercial HVAC Working Group to engage in a
negotiated rulemaking effort regarding the
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6963
which included CRACs, submitted a
term sheet (Commercial HVAC Term
Sheet) providing the Commercial HVAC
Working Group’s recommendations.
(Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–NOC–0023,
No. 52) 23 The Commercial HVAC
Working Group recommended that DOE
issue guidance under current
regulations on how to test certain
equipment features when included in a
basic model, until the testing of such
features can be addressed through a test
procedure rulemaking. The Commercial
HVAC Term Sheet listed the subject
features under the heading ‘‘Equipment
Features Requiring Test Procedure
Action.’’ (Id. at pp. 3–9) The
Commercial HVAC Working Group also
recommended that DOE issue an
enforcement policy stating that DOE
would exclude certain equipment with
specified features from Departmental
testing, but only when the manufacturer
offers for sale at all times a model
without that feature but that is identical
in terms of all other features; otherwise,
the model with that feature would be
eligible for Departmental testing. These
features were listed under the heading
‘‘Equipment Features Subject to
Enforcement Policy.’’ (Id. at pp. 9–15)
On January 30, 2015, DOE issued a
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
addressing the treatment of specific
features during Departmental testing of
commercial HVAC equipment. (See
www.energy.gov/gc/downloads/
commercial-equipment-testingenforcement-policies) The Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy stated that—
for the purposes of assessment testing
pursuant to 10 CFR 429.104, verification
testing pursuant to 10 CFR 429.70(c)(5),
and enforcement testing pursuant to 10
CFR 429.110—DOE would not test a
unit with one of the optional features
listed for a specified equipment type if
a manufacturer distributes in commerce
an otherwise identical unit that does not
include one of the optional features. (Id
at p. 1) The objective of the Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy is to ensure
that each basic model has a
commercially-available version eligible
for DOE testing, meaning that each basic
model includes either a model without
the optional feature(s) or a model with
the optional features that is eligible for
testing. Id. The features in the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
for CRACs align with the Commercial
HVAC Term Sheet’s list designated
certification of certain commercial HVAC
equipment, including CRACs. The Commercial
HVAC Working Group’s recommendations are
available at www.regulations.gov under Docket No.
EERE–2013–BT–NOC–0023–0052.
23 Available at www.regulations.gov/document/
EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0023-0052.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
6964
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
‘‘Equipment Features Subject to
Enforcement Policy.’’
AHRI 1360–202X Draft includes
Appendix D, ‘‘Unit Configuration for
Standard Efficiency Determination—
Normative.’’ Section D2 of that
appendix includes a list of features that
are optional for testing. Section D2 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft further specifies
the following general provisions
regarding testing of units with optional
features:
• If an otherwise identical model
(within the same basic model) without
the feature is distributed in commerce,
test the otherwise identical model.
• If an otherwise identical model
(within the same basic model) without
the feature is not distributed in
commerce, conduct tests with the
feature present but configured and deactivated so as to minimize (partially or
totally) the impact on the results of the
test (as determined per the provisions in
section D2). Alternatively, the
manufacturer may indicate in the
supplemental testing instructions that
the test shall be conducted using a
specially built otherwise identical unit
that is not distributed in commerce and
does not have the feature.
The optional features provisions in
AHRI 1360–202X Draft are generally
consistent with DOE’s Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy, but the list
of optional features in Section D2 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft does not align
with the list of features included for
CRACs in the Commercial HVAC
Enforcement Policy. For CRACs, the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
specifies two optional features (highstatic condenser fan/motor assembly
and dehumidification components)
which are not included in the optional
features section in Section D2 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft. DOE understands
AHRI 1360–202X Draft to represent the
industry consensus position on testing
CRACs. As such, DOE understands the
industry consensus to be that these two
features should not be treated as
optional features for CRACs.
Additionally, unlike Section D2 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft, DOE’s
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
does not allow a manufacturer to test a
specially-built otherwise identical
model for testing models without a
feature that are not distributed in
commerce. Because testing such
specially-built models would not
provide ratings representative of
equipment distributed in commerce,
DOE has tentatively concluded that this
option is not appropriate. Therefore,
consistent with the Commercial HVAC
Enforcement Policy, DOE is not
proposing to include this option for
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
testing specially-built units in its
representation and enforcement
provisions.
DOE notes that the list of features and
provisions in Section D2 of Appendix D
of AHRI 1360–202X Draft conflates
features that can be addressed by testing
provisions with features that warrant
enforcement relief (i.e., features that, if
present on a unit under test, could have
a substantive impact on test results and
that cannot be disabled or otherwise
mitigated). This differentiation was
central to the Commercial HVAC Term
Sheet, which as noted previously,
included separate lists for ‘‘Equipment
Features Requiring Test Procedure
Action’’ and ‘‘Equipment Features
Subject to Enforcement Policy,’’ and
remains central to providing clarity in
DOE’s regulations. Further, provisions
more explicit than what is included in
Section D2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft are
warranted to clarify the differences
between how specific components must
be treated when manufacturers are
making representations as opposed to
when DOE is conducting enforcement
testing.
In order to provide clarity between
test procedure provisions (i.e., how to
test a specific unit) and representation
and enforcement provisions (e.g., which
model to test), DOE is not proposing to
adopt Sections D1 and D2 of Appendix
D of AHRI 1360–202X Draft but instead
is proposing to adopt related provisions
in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix
E1, in 10 CFR 429.43, and in 10 CFR
429.134, without any substantive
change to the requirements, except as
discussed subsequently regarding
coated coils and previously regarding
specially-built units.
Specifically, in 10 CFR part 431,
subpart F, appendix E1, DOE proposes
test procedure provisions for specific
components, including the components
listed in section D2 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft for which there is a unique test
procedure action (i.e., test procedure
provisions specific to the component
that are not addressed by general
provisions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft to
test per manufacturers’ installation
instructions).24 These provisions would
specify how to test a unit with such a
component. For example, for a unit with
an air economizer factory-installed,
place the economizer in the 100-percent
return position and close and seal the
24 For the following components listed in Section
D2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft, DOE has tentatively
concluded that there is not a specific test procedure
action to be specified for testing a unit with the
component present: Powered exhaust/powered
return air fans, coated coils, compressor variable
frequency drive (VFD), flooded condenser head
pressure controls, and condensate pump.
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
outside air dampers for testing. These
proposed test provisions are consistent
with the provision in Section D2 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft, but include
revisions for further clarity and
specificity (e.g., adding clarifying
provisions for how to test units with
modular economizers, as opposed to
units shipped with economizers
installed).
Consistent with the Commercial
HVAC Term Sheet and the Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy, in 10 CFR
429.43(a)(4), DOE is proposing
provisions that would allow
determination of represented values to
be based on an individual model
distributed in commerce without the
component in specific cases. The
components to which these provisions
apply are limited to those components
for which the test provisions for testing
a unit with these components may
result in differences in ratings compared
to testing a unit without these
components.25 For these components,
DOE proposes in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4)
that:
• If a basic model includes only
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component, or
does not include any otherwise
identical individual models without the
specific component, the manufacturer
must determine represented values for
the basic model based on performance
of an individual model with the
component present (and consistent with
any relevant proposed test procedure
provisions in appendix E1).
• If a basic model includes both
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
and otherwise identical individual
models without the specific component,
the manufacturer may determine
represented values for the basic model
based on performance of an individual
model either with the component
present (and consistent with any
relevant proposed test procedure
provisions in appendix E1) or without
the component present.
DOE’s proposed provisions in 10 CFR
429.43(a)(4) include all of the optional
features (excluding those that pertain
only to chilled water equipment and not
to CRACs) specified in Section D2 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft for which the
25 DOE has tentatively concluded that for the
following features included in Section D2 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft, testing a unit with these
components in accordance with the proposed test
provisions would not result in differences in ratings
compared to testing a unit without these
components. Therefore, DOE is not proposing to
include these features in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4): Higheffectiveness indoor air filtration, harmonic
distortion mitigation devices, electric reheat
elements, and non-standard power transformer.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
test provisions for testing a unit with
these components may result in
differences in ratings compared to
testing a unit without these
components, except coated coils. DOE is
proposing to exclude coated coils from
the specific components list specified in
10 CFR 429.43 because DOE has
tentatively concluded that the presence
of coated coils does not result in a
significant impact to performance of
CRACs, and, therefore, that models with
coated coils should be rated based on
performance of models with coated
coils.
DOE notes that in some cases,
individual models may include
multiples of the specified components
or there may be individual models
within a basic model that include
various versions of the specified
components that result in more or less
energy use. In these cases, the
represented values of performance must
be representative of the lowest
efficiency found within the basic model.
Also consistent with the Commercial
HVAC Term Sheet and the Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy, in 10 CFR
429.134(g), DOE is proposing provisions
regarding how DOE would assess
compliance for basic models that
include individual models distributed
in commerce with specific components.
• If a basic model includes only
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component, or
does not include any otherwise
identical individual models without the
specific component, DOE may assess
compliance for the basic model based
on testing an individual model with the
component present (and consistent with
any relevant proposed test procedure
provisions in appendix E1).
• If a basic model includes both
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
and otherwise identical individual
models without the specific component,
DOE will assess compliance for the
basic model based on testing of an
otherwise identical model within the
basic model that does not include the
component, except if DOE is not able to
obtain such a model for testing. In such
a case, DOE will assess compliance for
the basic model based on testing of an
individual model with the specific
component present (and consistent with
any relevant proposed test procedure
provisions in appendix E1).
Were DOE to adopt the provisions in
10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix
E1, 10 CFR 429.43, and 10 CFR 429.134
as proposed, DOE would rescind the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
to the extent it is applicable to CRACs.
In a separate certification rulemaking,
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
DOE may consider certification
reporting requirements such that
manufacturers would be required to
certify which otherwise identical
models are used for making
representations of basic models that
include individual models with specific
components.
Issue 4: DOE seeks comment on its
proposals regarding specific
components in 10 CFR part 431, subpart
F, appendix E1, 10 CFR 429.43, and 10
CFR 429.134.
2. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors
The Commercial HVAC Enforcement
Policy includes high-static indoor
blowers/oversized motors as an optional
feature for CRACs, among other
equipment. The Commercial HVAC
Enforcement Policy states that when
selecting a unit of a basic model for
DOE-initiated testing, if the basic model
includes a variety of high-static indoor
blowers or oversized motor options,26
DOE will test a unit that has a standard
indoor fan assembly (as described in the
STI that is part of the manufacturer’s
certification, including information
about the standard motor and associated
drive that was used in determining the
certified rating). This policy only
applies where: (a) The manufacturer
distributes in commerce a model within
the basic model with the standard
indoor fan assembly (i.e., standard
motor and drive), and (b) all models in
the basic model have a motor with the
same or better relative efficiency
performance as the standard motor
included in the test unit, as described in
a separate guidance document discussed
subsequently. If the manufacturer does
not offer models with the standard
motor identified in the STI or offers
models with high-static motors that do
not comply with the comparable
efficiency guidance, DOE will test any
indoor fan assembly offered for sale by
the manufacturer.
DOE subsequently issued a draft
guidance document (‘‘Draft Commercial
HVAC Guidance Document’’) on June
29, 2015 to request comment on a
method for comparing the efficiencies of
a standard motor and a high-static
indoor blower/oversized motor.27 As
presented in the Draft Commercial
HVAC Guidance Document, the relative
efficiency of an indoor fan motor would
26 The
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
defines ‘‘high static indoors blower or oversized
motor’’ as an assembly that drives the fan and can
deliver higher external static pressure than the
standard indoor fan assembly sold with the
equipment.
27 Available at www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/pdfs/draft-commercial-hvacmotor-faq-2015–06–29.pdf.
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6965
be determined by comparing the percent
losses of the standard indoor fan motor
to the percent losses of the non-standard
(oversized) indoor fan motor. The
percent losses would be determined by
comparing each motor’s wattage losses
to the wattage losses of a corresponding
reference motor. Additionally, the draft
method contains a table that includes a
number of situations with different
combinations of characteristics of the
standard motor and oversized motor
(e.g, whether each motor is subject to
Federal standards for motors, whether
each motor can be tested to the Federal
test procedure for motors, whether each
motor horsepower is less than one) and
specifies for each combination whether
the non-standard fan enforcement
policy would apply (i.e., whether DOE
would not test a model with an
oversized motor, as long as the relative
efficiency of the oversized motor is at
least as good as performance of the
standard motor). DOE has not issued a
final guidance document and is instead
addressing the issue for CRACs in this
test procedure rulemaking.
Section D3 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
includes two different approaches for
comparing the efficiency for standard
and non-standard indoor fan motors.28
Section D3.1 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
includes an approach for directly
comparing the efficiency for standard
and non-standard indoor fan motors,
and this approach applies for most
indoor fan assemblies. Section D3.2
includes an approach to compare
performance for certain integrated fan
and motor (IFM) combinations in which
the motor and fan cannot be separated
and/or are not rated separately.
Section D3.1 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft requires that in order for the
individual model with the non-standard
indoor fan motor to be certified within
the same basic model as the individual
model with the standard indoor fan
motor, the non-standard indoor fan
motor must be more efficient than the
minimum value calculated using
Equation D1 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
This minimum non-standard motor
efficiency calculation is dependent on
the efficiency of the standard fan motor
and the reference efficiencies
(determined per Table D1 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft) of the standard and
non-standard fan motors.
28 Section D3 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft states
that: (1) The standard indoor fan motor is the motor
specified in the manufacturer’s installation
instructions by the manufacturer for testing and
shall be distributed in commerce as part of a
particular model; and that (2) a non-standard motor
is an indoor fan motor that is not the standard
indoor fan motor and that is distributed in
commerce as part of an individual model within the
same Basic Model.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6966
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Section D3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft contains a method for comparing
performance of IFMs. Because the motor
in an IFM is not separately rated from
the fan, this method compares the
performance of the entire fan-motor
assembly for the standard and nonstandard IFMs, rather than just the fan
motors. This approach enables
comparison of the relative performance
of standard and non-standard IFMs, for
which motor efficiencies could
otherwise not be compared using the
method specified in Section D3.1 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft. Specifically,
this method determines the ratio of the
input power of the non-standard IFM to
the input power of the standard IFM at
the same duty point, as defined in
Section D3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
(i.e., operating at the maximum external
static pressure for the standard IFM at
the rated airflow). If the input power
ratio does not exceed the maximum
ratio specified in Table D3 of AHRI
1360–202X Draft, the individual model
with the non-standard IFM may be
certified within the same basic model as
the individual model with the standard
IFM. Section D3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft allows these calculations to be
conducted using either test data or
simulated performance data.
The approaches in Section D3 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft for non-standard
indoor fan motors and IFMs generally
align with the approaches of the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
and the Draft Commercial HVAC
Guidance Document, while providing
greater detail and accommodating a
wider range of fan motor options. DOE
also has tentatively determined that
Section D3 of Appendix D of AHRI
1360–202X Draft would more fully
provide the guidance intended by the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
with regard to non-standard indoor fan
motors.
DOE proposes to adopt the provisions
in Section D3 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
for comparing performance of standard
and non-standard indoor fan motors and
IFMs in the proposed appendix E1.29
Additionally, DOE proposes to adopt
the provisions in Section D3 of
Appendix D of AHRI 1360–202X Draft
for the determination of the represented
efficiency value of CRACs at 10 CFR
429.43(a)(3)(v)(C) and for DOE
29 Per DOE’s existing certification regulations, if
a manufacturer were to use the proposed approach
to certify a basic model, the manufacturer would be
required to maintain documentation of how the
relative efficiencies of the standard and nonstandard fan motors or the input powers of the
standard and non-standard IFMs were determined,
as well as the supporting calculations. See 10 CFR
429.71.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
assessment and enforcement testing of
CRACs at 10 CFR 429.134(s)(1). Were
DOE to adopt the references to section
D3 of Appendix D of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft, as proposed, DOE would rescind
the Commercial HVAC Enforcement
Policy to the extent it is applicable to
CRACs.
Issue 5: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the methods for
comparing relative efficiency of
standard and non-standard indoor fan
motors and integrated fan and motor
combinations specified in Section D3 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft in the proposed
test procedure in 10 CFR part 431,
subpart F, appendix E1, as well as in
provisions for determination of
represented values in 10 CFR 429.43(a)
and provisions for DOE assessment and
enforcement testing in 10 CFR 429.134.
H. General Comments
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI, DOE received several general
comments not specific to any one
equipment category or test procedure.
This section addresses those comments.
NCI recommended that DOE follow
the development of ASHRAE Standard
221P, ‘‘Test Method to Measure and
Score the Operating Performance of an
Installed Constant Volume Unitary
HVAC System,’’ and consider where it
may be appropriately applied within
EPCA test procedures. (NCI, No. 4 at pp.
1–2) NCI stated that it has collected data
indicating that typical split systems and
packaged units serving residential and
small commercial buildings typically
deliver 50 percent to 60 percent of the
rated capacity to the occupied zone,
thereby making laboratory tests
unrepresentative of field performance.
Id.
As noted in section I.A of this NOPR,
EPCA prescribes that if an industry
testing procedure or rating procedure
developed or recognized by industry (as
referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1) is
amended, DOE must update its test
procedure to be consistent with the
amended industry test procedure,
unless DOE determines, by rule
published in the Federal Register and
supported by clear and convincing
evidence, that such amended test
procedure would not meet the
requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)
and (3) related to representative use and
test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A) and
(B)) DOE notes that ASHRAE Standard
90.1 does not reference ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 221–2020, ‘‘Test Method to
Field-Measure and Score the Cooling
and Heating Performance of an Installed
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
Unitary HVAC System’’ 30 as the
applicable test procedure for CRACs.
NCI also did not provide data on field
performance or any correlations
between CRAC field performance and
laboratory test performance for DOE to
consider. Furthermore, ASHRAE 221–
2020 does not provide a method to
determine the efficiency of CRACs. As
discussed, DOE is proposing to adopt
the substance of AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
either through incorporation by
reference of the final version of the
update to AHRI 1360 as published, or by
specifying the substance of the relevant
test procedure provisions in the CFR.
The CA IOUs commented that while
the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI
expressed interest in reducing burden to
manufacturers, DOE already took steps
to reduce burden by allowing alternative
energy efficiency or energy use
determination methods (AEDMs). (CA
IOUs, No. 7 at pp. 1–2) The CA IOUs
expressed their view that there are no
further opportunities to streamline test
procedures to limit testing burden. Id.
Additionally, the CA IOUs emphasized
the importance of accurate efficiency
ratings for its incentive programs and
customer knowledge, pointing to the
statutory provision that test procedures
must produce results that are
representative of the product’s energy
efficiency. (Id.)
Lennox stated that it generally
supports DOE meeting the statutory
requirements to design test procedures
to measure energy efficiency during an
average use cycle, but in doing so, the
commenter requested that DOE also
consider overall impacts on consumers
and manufacturers. (Lennox, No. 8 at
pp. 1–2). The commenter stated that in
commercial applications, predicting
actual energy use from a single metric
is difficult and that a metric better
serves as a point of comparison. (Id.)
Lennox suggested that DOE should
strike a balance between evaluating
equipment in a meaningful way without
introducing unwarranted regulatory
burden from overly complex test
procedures or calculations that provide
little value to consumers. (Id.)
In response to the CA IOUs and
Lennox, DOE notes that its approach to
test procedures is largely dictated by the
requirements of EPCA. As discussed,
EPCA prescribes that the test procedures
for commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment must be those
30 Found online at www.webstore.ansi.org/
Standards/ASHRAE/
ANSIASHRAEStandard2212020. ASHRAE
Standard 221P was the name of the proposed
standard prior to publication. However, after
publication, the name of that standard became
ASHRAE Standard 221–2020.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
generally accepted industry testing
procedures or rating procedures
developed or recognized by industry as
referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1.
(42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) If such relevant
industry test procedure is amended,
DOE must update its test procedure to
be consistent with the amended
industry consensus test procedure,
unless DOE determines, by rule
published in the Federal Register and
supported by clear and convincing
evidence, that the amended test
procedure would not meet the
requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)
and (3) related to representative use and
test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B)) In
establishing or amending its test
procedures, DOE must develop test
procedures that are reasonably designed
to produce test results which reflect
energy efficiency, energy use, and
estimated operating costs of a type of
industrial equipment during a
representative average use cycle and
that are not unduly burdensome to
conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)). DOE’s
considerations of these requirements in
relation to individual test method issues
are discussed within the relevant
sections of this NOPR.
The Joint Advocates stated that there
are ambiguities in industry test
procedures, and these commenters
recommended that DOE should address
these ambiguities in order to provide a
level playing field for manufacturers
and to ensure that any verification or
enforcement testing is consistent with
manufacturers’ own testing. (Joint
Advocates, No. 9 at p. 2)
In response, DOE notes that the Joint
Advocates did not identify any specific
test provisions that were the cause of
their concern. In the context of the test
procedure for CRACs, DOE has carefully
and thoroughly evaluated the industry
test standard in the context of the
statutory criteria regarding
representativeness of the measured
energy efficiency and test burden. To
the extent there are provisions in the
relevant industry test procedure that
may benefit from further detail, such
provisions are discussed in the previous
sections of this document. DOE
welcomes further stakeholder input on
this topic, as necessary.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
I. Represented Values
1. Multiple Refrigerants
DOE recognizes that some commercial
package air conditioning and heating
equipment may be sold with more than
one refrigerant option (e.g., R–410A or
R–407C). Typically, manufacturers
specify a single refrigerant in their
literature for each unique model, but in
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
its review, DOE has identified at least
one CRAC manufacturer that provides
two refrigerant options under the same
model number. The refrigerant chosen
by the customer in the field installation
may impact the energy efficiency of a
unit. For this reason, DOE is proposing
representation requirements applicable
to models approved for use with
multiple refrigerants. So that the
proposals in this NOPR would only
require manufacturers to update
representations once, DOE proposes to
align the compliance date for these
representation requirements with the
proposed metric change (i.e., these
proposals would only be required when
certifying to amended standards in
terms of NSenCOP).
Use of a refrigerant (such as R–407C
as compared to R–410A) that requires
different hardware (i.e., compressors,
heat exchangers, or air moving systems
that are not the same or comparably
performing) would represent a different
basic model, and according to current
DOE regulations, separate
representations of energy efficiency are
required for each basic model. 10 CFR
429.43(a) In contrast, some refrigerants
(such as R–422D, R–427A) do not
require different hardware, and a
manufacturer may consider them to be
the same basic model, per DOE’s current
definition for ‘‘basic model’’ at 10 CFR
431.92. In the latter case of a CRAC with
multiple refrigerant options that do not
require different hardware, DOE
proposes that a manufacturer must
determine the represented values in the
proposed new section 10 CFR
429.43(a)(3)(v)(A) (e.g., NSenCOP and
net sensible cooling capacity) for that
basic model based on the
refrigerant(s)—among all refrigerants
listed on the unit’s nameplate—that
result in the lowest cooling efficiency.
These represented values would apply
to the basic model for all refrigerants
specified by the manufacturer as
appropriate for use, regardless of which
refrigerant is actually used in the field.
Issue 6: DOE requests comment on its
proposal regarding representations for
CRAC basic models approved for use
with multiple refrigerants.
2. Net Sensible Cooling Capacity
For CRACs, NSCC determines
equipment class, which in turn
determines the applicable energy
conservation standard. 10 CFR 431.97.
While NSCC is a required represented
value for CRACs, DOE does not
currently specify any provisions for
CRACs regarding how close the
represented value of NSCC must be to
the tested or AEDM-simulated NSCC, or
whether DOE will use measured or
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6967
certified NSCC to determine equipment
class for enforcement testing. In
contrast, at paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) and
(a)(2)(ii) of 10 CFR 429.43 and
paragraph (g) of 10 CFR 429.134, DOE
specifies such provisions regarding the
cooling capacity for air-cooled CUACs
(ACUACs). Because energy conservation
standards for CRACs are dependent on
NSCC, inconsistent approaches to the
application of NSCC between basic
models could result in inconsistent
determinations of equipment class and,
in turn, inconsistent applications of the
energy conservation standards.
Consequently, DOE is proposing to
add the following provisions regarding
NSCC for CRACs: (1) A requirement that
the represented NSCC be between 95
percent and 100 percent of the tested or
AEDM-simulated NSCC; and (2) an
enforcement provision stating that DOE
would use the mean of measured NSCC
values from testing, rather than the
certified NSCC, to determine the
applicable standards.
First, DOE proposes to require in 10
CFR 429.43(a)(3)(v)(B) that the
represented value of NSCC must be
between 95 percent and 100 percent of
the mean of the NSCC values measured
for the units in the sample (if
determined through testing), or between
95 percent and 100 percent of the NSCC
output simulated by an AEDM. This
tolerance would help to ensure that
equipment is capable of performing at
the cooling capacity for which it is
represented to commercial consumers,
while also enabling manufacturers to
conservatively rate the cooling capacity
to allow for minor variations in the
capacity measurements from different
units tested at different laboratories.
Second, DOE is proposing in its
product-specific enforcement provisions
at 10 CFR 429.134(s)(1) that the NSCC
of each tested unit of the basic model
will be measured pursuant to the test
requirements of 10 CFR part 431,
subpart F, appendix E1 and that the
mean of the measurement(s) will be
used to determine the applicable
standard for compliance purposes.
As discussed, determination of the
applicable energy conservation standard
for CRACs is dependent on the rated
NSCC. Specifically, the standards for
CRACs generally decrease in stringency
with increasing NSCC (i.e., equipment
classes with higher NSCC ranges have
lower standards than equipment classes
with lower NSCC ranges). Consequently,
over-rating a system could result in
decreased stringency by incorrectly
applying a more lenient standard
prescribed for a higher NSCC equipment
class. DOE has tentatively concluded
that these proposals would result in
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6968
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
more accurate ratings of NSCC, thereby
ensuring application of the appropriate
energy conservation standards, while
providing manufacturers the flexibility
to conservatively rate NSCC so as to
provide reasonable certainty that the
subject equipment is capable of
delivering the NSCC represented to
commercial consumers.
Issue 7: DOE requests comment on its
proposals related to represented values
and verification testing of NSCC for
CRACs.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
3. Validation Class for Glycol-Cooled
CRACs
DOE’s existing testing regulations
allow the use of an AEDM, in lieu of
actual testing, to simulate the efficiency
of CRACs. 10 CFR 429.43(a). In the
AEDM requirements for CRACs in 10
CFR 429.70, the table itemizing
validation classes for commercial HVAC
equipment inadvertently omits glycolcooled CRACs. For this reason and
because DOE understands glycol-cooled
CRACs to be similar in design to watercooled CRACs, DOE is proposing to
include glycol-cooled CRACs in the
existing validation class for watercooled CRACs at 10 CFR
429.70(c)(2)(iv). Specifically, DOE
proposes at 10 CFR 429.70(c)(2)(iv) that
the minimum number of distinct watercooled and/or glycol-cooled models that
must be tested per AEDM would be two
basic models, which aligns with the
‘‘two basic model’’ requirement that
currently applies to the water-cooled
CRACs validation class.
J. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend
the existing test procedure for CRACs,
by adopting the substance of the latest
draft version of the applicable industry
test method, AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
including the energy efficiency metric,
NSenCOP. To the extent that AHRI 1360
is finalized consistent with the draft,
DOE proposes to incorporate the
industry test standard by reference. If
there are substantive changes between
the draft and published versions of
AHRI 1360, DOE may adopt the
substance of AHRI 1360–202X Draft or
provide additional opportunity for
comment. DOE also proposes to amend
its representation and enforcement
provisions for CRACs.
DOE has tentatively determined that
the proposed amendments in this NOPR
would improve the representativeness,
accuracy, and reproducibility of the test
results and would not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct or result in increased testing
cost as compared to the current test
procedure. Because the current DOE test
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
procedure for CRACs would be
relocated to appendix E without change,
the proposed test procedure in appendix
E for measuring SCOP would result in
no change in testing practices.
Should DOE adopt standards in a
future energy conservation standards
rulemaking in terms of the new metric
(NSenCOP), the proposed test procedure
in appendix E1 for measuring NSenCOP
(which DOE proposes to be
substantively the same as AHRI 1360–
202X Draft) would be required. DOE has
tentatively concluded that this proposed
test procedure would not increase thirdparty lab testing costs per unit relative
to the current DOE test procedure,
which DOE estimates to be $10,200 for
CRACs 31 for physical testing. However,
DOE has tentatively concluded that the
potential adoption of standards
denominated in terms of NSenCOP (and
corresponding requirement to use the
proposed test procedure in appendix
E1) would alter the measured energy
efficiency for CRACs. Consequently,
manufacturers may not be able to rely
on data generated under the current test
procedure and would, therefore, be
required to re-rate CRAC models. Once
again, in accordance with 10 CFR
429.70, CRAC manufacturers may elect
to use AEDMs to rate models, which
significantly reduces costs to industry.
DOE estimates the per-manufacturer
cost to develop and validate an AEDM
for CRACs to be $46,000. DOE estimates
a cost of approximately $50 per basic
model 32 for determining energy
efficiency using the validated AEDM.
Given that most CRAC manufacturers
are AHRI members and that DOE is
proposing to adopt the procedure in the
prevailing industry test procedure that
was established for use in AHRI’s
certification program, which has already
been updated to include NSenCOP, DOE
expects that most manufacturers would
31 Manufacturers are not required to perform
laboratory testing on all basic models. In
accordance with 10 CFR 429.70, CRAC
manufacturers may elect to use AEDMs. An AEDM
is a computer modeling or mathematical tool that
predicts the performance of non-tested basic
models. These computer modeling and
mathematical tools, when properly developed, can
provide a means to predict the energy usage or
efficiency characteristics of a basic model of a given
covered product or equipment and reduce the
burden and cost associated with testing.
32 DOE estimated initial costs to validate an
AEDM assuming 80 hours of general time to
develop an AEDM based on existing simulation
tools and 16 hours to validate two basic models
within that AEDM at the cost of an engineering
technician wage of $50 per hour plus the cost of
third-party physical testing of two units per
validation class (as required in 10 CFR
429.70(c)(2)(iv)). DOE estimated the additional per
basic model cost to determine efficiency using an
AEDM, assuming 1 hour per basic model at the cost
of an engineering technician wage of $50 per hour.
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
already be testing using the published
version of the AHRI 1360–202X Draft in
the timeframe of any potential future
energy conservation standard. Based on
this, DOE has tentatively determined
that the proposed test procedure
amendments would not be expected to
increase the testing burden on CRAC
manufacturers that are AHRI members.
For the minority of CRAC manufacturers
that are not members of AHRI, the
proposed test procedure amendments
may have costs associated with model
re-rating, to the extent that the
manufacturers would not already be
testing to the updated industry test
procedure.
Issue 8: DOE requests comment on its
understanding of the impact of the test
procedure proposals in this NOPR,
specifically DOE’s initial conclusion
that the proposed DOE test procedure
amendments, if finalized, would not
increase testing burden on most CRAC
manufacturers (i.e., CRAC
manufacturers who are AHRI members),
compared to current industry practice as
indicated by AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
and that those proposed amendments
would not have a significant impact on
the remaining CRAC manufacturers (i.e.,
CRAC manufacturers who are not AHRI
members).
K. Reserved Appendices for Test
Procedures for Commercial Air
Conditioning and Heating Equipment
In this document, DOE proposes to
establish new test procedures for CRACs
in the proposed appendix E and new
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431.
This proposed organization of the test
procedures would be consistent with
the organization of the test procedures
for other covered equipment and
covered products. DOE has tentatively
concluded that providing the test
procedures for specific equipment in
designated appendices would improve
the readability of the test procedures.
Accordingly, to provide for future
consideration of a similar organization
for other commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment test
procedures, DOE is proposing to reserve
appendices B through D. The reserved
appendices are intended to facilitate any
potential future reorganization of the
regulations and are not an indication of
substantive changes to test procedures
for other commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment.
L. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends
a test procedure, all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made in the context of
certification and on marketing materials
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test
procedure, beginning 360 days after
publication of such a test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42
U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) CRACs would not be
required to be tested according to the
test procedure in the proposed appendix
E1 until such time as compliance is
required with an amended energy
conservation standard that relies on the
NSenCOP metric, should DOE adopt
such a standard.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) has determined that this test
procedure rulemaking does not
constitute a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under section 3(f) of Executive
Order 12866, ‘‘Regulatory Planning and
Review,’’ 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject
to review under the Executive order by
the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs (OIRA) in OMB.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis (IRFA) for any rule that by law
must be proposed for public comment,
unless the agency certifies that the rule,
if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As
required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: energy.gov/gc/officegeneral-counsel. DOE reviewed this
proposed rule under the provisions of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the
policies and procedures published on
February 19, 2003.
The following sections detail DOE’s
IRFA for this test procedure rulemaking.
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is
Being Considered
DOE is proposing to amend the
existing DOE test procedures for CRACs
to reflect updates to the relevant
industry test standard, pursuant to the
relevant statutory provisions of EPCA.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
EPCA, as amended, requires that the
test procedures for commercial package
air conditioning and heating equipment,
which includes CRACs, be those
generally accepted industry testing
procedures or rating procedures
developed or recognized by AHRI or by
ASHRAE, as referenced in ASHRAE
Standard 90.1. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A))
Further, if such an industry test
procedure is amended, DOE must
amend its test procedure to be
consistent with the amended industry
test procedure, unless DOE determines,
by rule published in the Federal
Register and supported by clear and
convincing evidence, that such
amended test procedure would not meet
the requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)
and (3) related to representative use and
test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE must evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
equipment, including CRACs, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 614(a)(1)(A))
DOE is publishing this NOPR
proposing amendments to the test
procedure for CRACs in satisfaction of
the aforementioned obligations under
EPCA.
3. Description and Estimate of Small
Entities Regulated
DOE uses the Small Business
Administration (SBA) small business
size standards to determine whether
manufacturers qualify as small
businesses, which are listed by the
North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS).33 The SBA considers a
business entity to be a small business,
if, together with its affiliates, it employs
less than a threshold number of workers
specified in 13 CFR part 121.
CRAC manufacturers are classified
under NAICS code 333415, ‘‘AirConditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and
Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing.’’ In 13 CFR 121.201, the
SBA sets a threshold of 1,250 employees
or fewer for an entity to be considered
as a small business for this category.
33 The size standards are listed by NAICS code
and industry description and are available at:
www.sba.gov/document/support-table-sizestandards (Last accessed on August 30, 2021).
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6969
DOE utilized the California Energy
Commission’s Modernized Appliance
Efficiency Database System
(‘‘MAEDbS’’) 34 and DOE’s Compliance
Certification Database (‘‘CCD’’) 35 in
identifying potential small businesses
that manufacture CRACs covered by this
rulemaking. DOE used subscriptionbased business information tools (e.g.,
reports from Dun & Bradstreet 36) to
determine headcount and revenue of
those small businesses. DOE identified
nine companies that are original
equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of
CRACs covered by this rulemaking. DOE
screened out companies that do not
meet the definition of a ‘‘small
business’’ or are foreign-owned and
operated. DOE identified three small,
domestic OEMs for consideration. One
small, domestic OEM is not an AHRI
member, while the other two small,
domestic OEMs are AHRI members.
4. Description and Estimate of
Compliance Requirements
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to
relocate the current DOE test procedure
to a new appendix E of subpart F of part
431 (‘‘appendix E’’) without change.
DOE is also proposing an amended test
procedure at appendix E1 to subpart F
of part 431 (‘‘appendix E1’’).
Specifically, DOE is proposing in
appendix E1 to adopt the updated draft
industry test standard AHRI 1360–202X
Draft for CRACs. Additionally, this
NOPR seeks to amend certain
representation and enforcement
provisions for CRACs in 10 CFR part
429.
Appendix E does not contain any
changes from the current Federal test
procedure, and, therefore, would have
no cost to industry and would not
require retesting solely as a result of
DOE’s adoption of this proposed
amendment to the test procedure, if
made final.
The proposed test procedure in
appendix E1 includes amendments for
measuring CRAC energy efficiency
using the NSenCOP metric so as to be
consistent with the updated draft
industry test procedure. Should DOE
adopt amended energy conservation
standards in the future denominated in
terms of NSenCOP, the Department
34 MAEDbS can be accessed at
www.cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/
AdvancedSearch.aspx (Last accessed August 30,
2021).
35 Certified equipment in the CCD are listed by
product class and can be accessed at
www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data/
#q=Product_Group_s%3A* (Last accessed August
30, 2021).
36 Market research available at:
app.dnbhoovers.com (Last accessed August 30,
2021).
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
6970
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
expects there would not be an increase
in third-party lab testing costs per unit
relative to the current Federal test
procedure. DOE estimates such testing
costs to be $10,200 per unit for physical
testing. DOE has tentatively concluded
that the proposed test procedure may
require re-rating of CRAC models;
however, this would not be mandatory
until such time as DOE amends the
energy conservation standards for
CRACs based on NSenCOP, should DOE
adopt such amendments.
If CRAC manufacturers conduct
physical testing to certify a basic model,
two units are required to be tested per
basic model. However, manufacturers
are not required to perform laboratory
testing on all basic models, as CRAC
manufacturers may elect to use
AEDMs.37 An AEDM is a computer
modeling or mathematical tool that
predicts the performance of non-tested
basic models. These computer modeling
and mathematical tools, when properly
developed, can provide a means to
predict the energy usage or efficiency
characteristics of a basic model of a
given covered product or equipment
and reduce the burden and cost
associated with testing.
Small businesses would be expected
to have different potential regulatory
costs depending on whether they are a
member of AHRI. DOE understands that
all AHRI members and all
manufacturers currently certifying to the
AHRI Directory will be testing their
CRAC models in accordance with the
final version of AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
the industry test procedure DOE is
proposing to incorporate by reference (if
finalized and consistent with AHRI
1360–202X Draft), and using AHRI’s
certification program, which has already
been updated to include the NSenCOP
metric.
The proposed test procedure
amendments would not add any
additional testing burden to
manufacturers which are members of
AHRI, as those members currently are or
soon will be using the finalized version
of the AHRI 1360–202X draft test
procedure. If DOE were to adopt energy
conservation standards denominated in
terms of the NSenCOP metric, the
proposed test procedure amendments
may, however, result in re-rating costs
for manufacturers which are not AHRI
members (currently one identified
OEM).
DOE estimated the range of additional
potential testing costs for the single
small CRAC manufacturer which is not
an AHRI member. This small business
would only incur additional testing
37 In
accordance with 10 CFR 429.70.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
costs if they would not already be using
the finalized version of the AHRI 1360–
202X Draft to test their CRAC models.
DOE estimates that this small business
manufactures 113 basic models.
When developing cost estimates for
this single, non-AHRI-member small
business, DOE considered the cost to
develop an AEDM, the costs to validate
the AEDM through physical testing, and
the cost per model to determine ratings
using the AEDM. The Department
anticipates that this small OEM would
avail itself of the cost-saving option
which the AEDM provides. DOE
estimated the cost to develop and
validate an AEDM for CRACs to be
approximately $46,000, which includes
physical testing of two models per
validation class. Additionally, DOE
estimated a cost of approximately $50
per basic model for determining energy
efficiency using the validated AEDM.
The estimated cost to rate the 113 basic
models with the AEDM would be
$5,650. Therefore, should DOE adopt
amended energy conservation standards
in the future denominated in terms of
NSenCOP as the efficiency metric, this
small business could incur total testing
and rating costs of $51,650.
DOE understands the annual revenue
of this small business to be
approximately $17 million. Therefore,
testing and AEDM costs could cause this
small business manufacturer to incur
costs of up to 0.30 percent of its annual
revenue.
Issue 9: DOE requests comment on the
number of small businesses DOE
identified. DOE also seeks comment on
the potential costs for the small business
that is not an AHRI member and
manufactures CRACs
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict
With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or
regulations that duplicate, overlap, or
conflict with the rule being considered
in this document.
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
DOE proposes to reduce burden on
manufacturers, including small
businesses, by allowing AEDMs in lieu
of physically testing all basic models.
The use of an AEDM is less costly than
physical testing CRAC models. Without
AEDMs, the average cost to rate all basic
models for the small CRAC
manufacturer (non-AHRI member)
would be $1,152,600.
Additionally, DOE considered
alternative test methods and
modifications to the AHRI 1360–202X
Draft test procedure for CRACs.
However, DOE has tentatively
determined that there are no better
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
alternatives than the existing industry
test procedures, in terms of both
meeting the agency’s objectives and
reducing burden on manufacturers.
Therefore, DOE is proposing to amend
the existing DOE test procedure for
CRACs through adoption of the
substance of AHRI 1360–202X Draft.
DOE intends to update the reference to
the final published version of AHRI
1360–202X Draft in the final rule, unless
there are substantive changes between
the draft and published versions, in
which case DOE may adopt the
substance of the AHRI 1360–202X Draft
or provide additional opportunity for
comment on the changes to the industry
consensus test procedure.
Manufacturers subject to DOE’s
energy efficiency standards may apply
to DOE’s Office of Hearings and Appeals
for exception relief under certain
circumstances. Manufacturers should
refer to 10 CFR part 1003 for additional
details.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of CRACs must certify
to DOE that their products comply with
any applicable energy conservation
standards. To certify compliance,
manufacturers must first obtain test data
for their products according to the DOE
test procedures, including any
amendments adopted for those test
procedures. DOE has established
regulations for the certification and
recordkeeping requirements for all
covered consumer products and
commercial equipment, including
commercial package air condition and
heating equipment. (See generally 10
CFR part 429.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(PRA). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
DOE is analyzing this proposed
regulation in accordance with the
National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (NEPA) and DOE’s NEPA
implementing regulations (10 CFR part
1021). DOE’s regulations include a
categorical exclusion for rulemakings
interpreting or amending an existing
rule or regulation that does not change
the environmental effect of the rule or
regulation being amended. 10 CFR part
1021, subpart D, appendix A5. DOE
anticipates that this rulemaking
qualifies for categorical exclusion A5
because it is an interpretive rulemaking
that does not change the environmental
effect of the rule and otherwise meets
the requirements for application of a
categorical exclusion. See 10 CFR
1021.410. DOE will complete its NEPA
review before issuing the final rule.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (August 10, 1999), imposes
certain requirements for agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE has examined this proposed
rule and has determined that it would
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE
for exemption from such preemption to
the extent, and based on criteria, set
forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No
further action is required by Executive
Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity; (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation; (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction; (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately
defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the proposed
rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
proposed regulatory action likely to
result in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector of $100 million or more
in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires
a Federal agency to publish a written
statement that estimates the resulting
costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b))
The UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process
to permit timely input by elected
officers of State, local, and Tribal
governments on a proposed ‘‘significant
intergovernmental mandate,’’ and
requires an agency plan for giving notice
and opportunity for timely input to
potentially affected small governments
before establishing any requirements
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6971
that might significantly or uniquely
affect small governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of
policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under
UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available at
energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE examined this proposed rule
according to UMRA and its statement of
policy and determined that the rule
contains neither an intergovernmental
mandate, nor a mandate that may result
in the expenditure of $100 million or
more in any year, so these requirements
do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of
the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family
Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights,’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this regulation
would not result in any takings that
might require compensation under the
Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has reviewed
this proposed rule under the OMB and
DOE guidelines and has concluded that
it is consistent with applicable policies
in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6972
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A
‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that:
(1) Is a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866, or any
successor order; and (2) is likely to have
a significant adverse effect on the
supply, distribution, or use of energy; or
(3) is designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. For
any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use
should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the
action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to
amend the test procedure for measuring
the energy efficiency of CRACs is not a
significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as
a significant energy action by the
Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is
not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; FEAA) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed amendments to the
Federal test procedure for CRACs are
primarily in response to modifications
to the applicable industry consensus
test standards (i.e., AHRI 1360–202X
Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009, and
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020). DOE has
evaluated these standards and is unable
to conclude whether they fully comply
with the requirements of section 32(b) of
the FEAA (i.e., whether they were
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review). DOE will
consult with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials
Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference the following
test standards:
(1) The draft test standard provided by
AHRI, titled ‘‘Performance Rating of
Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners (‘‘Draft Standard’’) AHRI
Standard 1360–202X Draft. AHRI Standard
1360–202X Draft is a draft industry test
procedure for measuring the performance of
CRACs. AHRI Standard 1360–202X Draft is
in draft form and its text was provided to the
Department for the purposes of review only
during the drafting of this NOPR. AHRI
1360–202X Draft has been attached in this
docket for review. DOE intends to update the
reference to the final published version of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft in the Final Rule,
unless there are substantive changes between
the draft and published versions, in which
case DOE may adopt the substance of the
AHRI 1360–202X Draft or provide additional
opportunity for comment on the changes to
the industry consensus test procedure.
(2) The test standard published by
ASHRAE, titled ‘‘Method of Testing for
Rating Computer and Data Processing Room
Unitary Air Conditioners,’’ ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 127–2020. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127–2020 is an industry-accepted test
procedure for measuring the performance of
CRACs. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–2020
is available on ANSI’s website at
webstore.ansi.org/standards/ashrae/
ansiashrae1272020.
(3) The test standard published by
ASHRAE, titled ‘‘Methods of Testing for
Rating Electrically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,’’
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009. ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 37–2009 is an industryaccepted test procedure that provides a
method of test for many categories of air
conditioning and heating equipment. ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 37–2009 is available on
ANSI’s website at webstore.ansi.org/Record
Detail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2
FASHRAE+Standard+37-2009.
(4) The test standard published by
ASHRAE, titled ‘‘Method of Testing for
Rating Computer and Data Processing Room
Unitary Air Conditioners,’’ ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 127–2007. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127–2007 is an industry-accepted test
procedure for measuring the performance of
CRACs. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–2007
is available on ANSI’s website at https://
webstore.ansi.org/standards/ashrae/
ansiashrae1272007.
The following standards were
previously approved for incorporation
by reference in the section where they
appear and no change is proposed:
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
AHRI 210/240–2008, AHRI 340/360–
2007, ISO Standard 13256–1, AHRI
1230–2010, AHRI 390–2003.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are
listed in the DATES section at the
beginning of this document. Webinar
registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the
capabilities available to webinar
participants will be published on DOE’s
website: www.energy.gov/eere/
buildings/public-meetings-andcomment-deadlines. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems
are compatible with the webinar
software.
B. Procedures for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the
topics addressed in this proposed
rulemaking, or who is representative of
a group or class of persons that has an
interest in these issues, may request an
opportunity to make an oral
presentation at the webinar/public
meeting. Such persons may submit
requests to speak via email to the
Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program at: ApplianceStandardsQ
uestions@ee.doe.gov. Persons who wish
to speak should include with their
request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file
format that briefly describes the nature
of their interest in this rulemaking and
the topics they wish to discuss. Such
persons should also provide a daytime
telephone number where they can be
reached.
DOE requests persons selected to
make an oral presentation to submit an
advance copy of their statements at least
two weeks before the webinar/public
meeting. At its discretion, DOE may
permit persons who cannot supply an
advance copy of their statement to
participate, if those persons have made
advance alternative arrangements with
the Building Technologies Office. As
necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such
alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to
preside at the webinar and may also use
a professional facilitator to aid
discussion. The meeting will not be a
judicial or evidentiary-type public
hearing, but DOE will conduct it in
accordance with section 336 of EPCA
(42 U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will
be present to record the proceedings and
to prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
right to schedule the order of
presentations and to establish the
procedures governing the conduct of the
webinar/public meeting. There shall not
be discussion of proprietary
information, costs or prices, market
share, or other commercial matters
regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After
the webinar and until the end of the
comment period, interested parties may
submit further comments on the
proceedings and any aspect of the
rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an
informal, conference style. DOE will
present a summary of the proposals,
allow time for prepared general
statements by participants, and
encourage all interested parties to share
their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be
allowed to make a general statement
(within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics.
DOE will allow, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any
general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements
on a topic, DOE will permit participants
to clarify their statements briefly and
comment on statements made by others.
Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other
participants concerning these issues.
DOE representatives may also ask
questions of participants concerning
other matters relevant to this
rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar will accept additional
comments or questions from those
attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification
of the above procedures that may be
needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar.
A transcript of the webinar will be
included in the docket, which can be
viewed as described in the Docket
section at the beginning of this NOPR.
In addition, any person may buy a copy
of the transcript from the transcribing
reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule. Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this
document.
Submitting comments via
www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will
require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your
contact information will not be publicly
viewable except for your first and last
names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any).
If your comment is not processed
properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Persons viewing comments will see only
first and last names, organization
names, correspondence containing
comments, and any documents
submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (CBI).
Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed
as CBI. Comments received through the
website will waive any CBI claims for
the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section.
DOE processes submissions made
through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be
posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of
comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not
be viewable for up to several weeks.
Please keep the comment tracking
number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully
uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email.
Comments and documents submitted
via email also will be posted to
www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your
contact information in a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as
long as it does not include any
comments.
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
6973
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. No
telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file
format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English, and free of
any defects or viruses. Documents
should not contain special characters or
any form of encryption, and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person
submitting information that he or she
believes to be confidential and exempt
by law from public disclosure should
submit via email two well-marked
copies: One copy of the document
marked ‘‘confidential’’ including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
‘‘non-confidential’’ with the information
believed to be confidential deleted. DOE
will make its own determination about
the confidential status of the
information and treat it according to its
determination.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views of interested
parties concerning the following issues:
Issue 1: DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for ‘‘computer room
air conditioner’’ that distinguishes
between CRACs and other categories of
air conditioning equipment, based on
the marketing of the equipment.
Issue 2: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to define the following terms,
consistent with AHRI 1360–202X Draft:
Floor-mounted, ceiling-mounted, wallmounted, roof-mounted, up-flow, downflow, horizontal flow, up-flow ducted,
up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted
ducted, ceiling-mounted non-ducted,
and fluid economizer.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
6974
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
Issue 3: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the NSenCOP metric
for CRACs as part of the proposed test
procedure in appendix E1, which would
be used only if DOE were to prescribe
energy conservation standards
denominated in terms of NSenCOP in a
future rulemaking. Additionally, DOE
seeks feedback on whether the rating
conditions in AHRI 1360–202X Draft are
appropriately representative of field
applications.
Issue 4: DOE seeks comment on its
proposals regarding specific
components in 10 CFR part 431, subpart
F, appendix E1, 10 CFR 429.43, and 10
CFR 429.134.
Issue 5: DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the methods for
comparing relative efficiency of
standard and non-standard indoor fan
motors and integrated fan and motor
combinations specified in Section D3 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft in the proposed
test procedure in 10 CFR part 431,
subpart F, appendix E1, as well as in
provisions for determination of
represented values in 10 CFR 429.43(a)
and provisions for DOE assessment and
enforcement testing in 10 CFR 429.134.
Issue 6: DOE requests comment on its
proposal regarding representations for
CRAC basic models approved for use
with multiple refrigerants.
Issue 7: DOE requests comment on its
proposals related to represented values
and verification testing of NSCC for
CRACs.
Issue 8: DOE requests comment on its
understanding of the impact of the test
procedure proposals in this NOPR,
specifically DOE’s initial conclusion
that the proposed DOE test procedure
amendments, if finalized, would not
increase testing burden on most CRAC
manufacturers (i.e., CRAC
manufacturers who are AHRI members),
compared to current industry practice as
indicated by AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
and that those proposed amendments
would not have a significant impact on
the remaining CRAC manufacturers (i.e.,
CRAC manufacturers who are not AHRI
members).
Issue 9: DOE requests comment on the
number of small businesses DOE
identified. DOE also seeks comment on
the potential costs for the small business
that is not an AHRI member and
manufactures CRACs.
VI. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
§ 429.4 Materials incorporated by
reference.
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Small
businesses.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Incorporation by reference, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on January 28, 2022,
by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
pursuant to delegated authority from the
Secretary of Energy. That document
with the original signature and date is
maintained by DOE. For administrative
purposes only, and in compliance with
requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of
the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters
the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on January 31,
2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 431 of Chapter II of Title
10, Code of Federal Regulations as set
forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Amend § 429.4 by revising
paragraph (a) and redesignating
paragraph (c)(2) as (c)(3), and adding
new paragraph (c)(2) to read as follows:
■
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this notice of proposed
rulemaking and request for comment.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
List of Subjects
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
(a) Certain material is incorporated by
reference into this subpart with the
approval of the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce
any edition other than that specified in
this section, DOE must publish a
document in the Federal Register and
the material must be available to the
public. All approved material is
available for inspection at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586–9127,
Buildings@ee.doe.gov, www.energy.gov/
eere/buildings/building-technologiesoffice, and may be obtained from the
other sources in this section. Also, this
material is available for inspection at
the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this
material at NARA, email: fr.inspection@
nara.gov, or go to: www.archives.gov/
federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(2) AHRI Standard 1360–202X Draft,
(‘‘AHRI 1360–202X Draft’’), Performance
Rating of Computer and Data Processing
Room Air Conditioners, IBR approved
for § 429.43.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Amend § 429.43 by adding
paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) to read as
follows.
§ 429.43 Commercial heating, ventilating,
air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
(a) * * *
(3) Product-specific provisions for
determination of represented values.
(i)–(iv) [Reserved]
(v) Computer room air conditioners.
When certifying to standards in terms of
NSenCOP, the following provisions
apply.
(A) If a basic model is distributed in
commerce and approved for use with
multiple refrigerants, a manufacturer
must determine all represented values
for that basic model (e.g., NSenCOP and
net sensible cooling capacity) based on
the refrigerant that results in the lowest
cooling efficiency. A refrigerant is
considered approved for use if it is
listed on the nameplate of the outdoor
unit. Per the definition of ‘‘basic model’’
in § 431.92, use of a refrigerant that
requires different hardware (i.e.,
compressors, heat exchangers, or air
moving systems that are not the same or
comparably performing), would
represent a different basic model, and
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
separate representations would be
required for each basic model.
(B) The represented value of net
sensible cooling capacity must be
between 95 percent and 100 percent of
the mean of the capacities measured for
the units in the sample selected as
described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this
section, or between 95 percent and 100
percent of the net sensible cooling
capacity output simulated by the AEDM
as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this
section.
(4) Determination of represented
values for individual models with
specific components for computer room
air conditioners.
(i) If a manufacturer distributes in
commerce individual models with one
of the components listed in the
6975
following table, determination of
represented values is dependent on the
selected grouping of individual models
into a basic model, as indicated in
paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) through (v) of this
section. For the purposes of this
paragraph, ‘‘otherwise identical’’ means
differing only in the presence of specific
components listed in table 1 to this
paragraph (a)(4)(i).
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(4)(i)
Component
Description
Air Economizers ..............................
An automatic system that enables a cooling system to supply and use outdoor air to reduce or eliminate
the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather.
A heat exchanger located inside the unit that conditions the equipment’s supply air using energy transferred from an external source using a vapor, gas, or liquid.
Water is evaporated into the air entering the air-cooled condenser to lower the dry-bulb temperature and
thereby increase efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.
Coils used to provide supplemental heat.
A heat exchanger located downstream of the indoor coil that heats the supply air during cooling operation
using high pressure refrigerant in order to increase the ratio of moisture removal to cooling capacity provided by the equipment.
A powered exhaust fan is a fan that transfers directly to the outside a portion of the building air that is returning to the unit, rather than allowing it to recirculate to the indoor coil and back to the building. A powered return air fan is a fan that draws building air into the equipment.
A device connected electrically between the equipment’s power supply connection and the compressor
that can vary the frequency of power supplied to the compressor in order to allow variation of the compressor’s rotational speed. If the manufacturer chooses to make representations for performance at partload and/or low-ambient conditions (e.g., using the iNSenCOP metric), compressor VFDs must be treated consistently for all cooling capacity tests for the basic model (i.e., if the compressor VFD is installed
and active for the part-load and/or low-ambient tests, it must also be installed and active for the
NSenCOP test).
A damper assembly including means to open and close the damper mounted at the supply or return duct
opening of the equipment.
The standard indoor fan motor is the motor specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions for testing and shall be distributed in commerce as part of a particular model. A non-standard motor is an indoor fan motor that is not the standard indoor fan motor and that is distributed in commerce as part of
an individual model within the same basic model.
For a non-standard indoor fan motor(s) to be considered a specific component for a basic model (and thus
subject to the provisions of paragraph (a)(3)(v)(A)–(B) of this section), the following provisions must be
met:
(1) Non-standard indoor fan motor(s) must meet the minimum allowable efficiency determined per
Section D.3.1 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft (incorporated by reference, see § 429.4) (i.e., for non-standard indoor fan motors) or per Section D.3.2 of AHRI 1360–202X Draft for non-standard indoor integrated fan and motor combinations).
If the standard indoor fan motor can vary fan speed through control system adjustment of motor speed, all
non-standard indoor fan motors must also allow speed control (including with the use of VFD).
A device placed in the supply air stream for moisture evaporation and distribution. The device may require
building steam or water, hot water, electricity, or gas to operate.
An assembly, including a receiver and head pressure control valve, used to allow for unit operation at
lower outdoor ambient temperatures than the standard operating control system.
A secondary chilled water coil added in the indoor air stream for use as the primary or secondary cooling
circuit in conjunction with a separate chiller.
A device used to pump condensate and/or humidifier drain water from inside the unit to a customer drain
outside the unit.
Process Heat Recovery/Reclaim
Coils/Thermal Storage.
Evaporative Pre-cooling of Aircooled Condenser Intake Air.
Steam/Hydronic Heat Coils .............
Refrigerant Reheat Coils ................
Powered Exhaust/Powered Return
Air Fans.
Compressor Variable Frequency
Drive (VFD).
Fire/Smoke/Isolation Dampers ........
Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors ...
Humidifiers ......................................
Flooded Condenser Head Pressure
Controls.
Chilled Water Dual Cooling Coils ...
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Condensate Pump ..........................
(ii) If a basic model includes only
individual models distributed in
commerce without a specific component
listed in paragraph (4)(i) of this section,
the manufacturer must determine
represented values for the basic model
based on performance of an individual
model distributed in commerce without
the component.
(iii) If a basic model includes only
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
listed in paragraph (4)(i) of this section,
the manufacturer must determine
represented values for the basic model
based on performance of an individual
model with the component present (and
consistent with any component-specific
test provisions specified in section 4 of
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 of
this chapter).
(iv) If a basic model includes both
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
listed in paragraph (4)(i) of this section
and individual models distributed in
commerce without that specific
component, and none of the individual
models distributed in commerce
without the specific component are
otherwise identical to any given
individual model distributed in
commerce with the specific component,
the manufacturer must consider the
performance of individual models with
the component present when
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6976
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
determining represented values for the
basic model (and consistent with any
component-specific test provisions
specified in section 4 of appendix E1 to
subpart F of part 431 of this chapter).
(v) If a basic model includes both
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
listed in paragraph (4)(i) of this section
and individual models distributed in
commerce without that specific
component, and at least one of the
individual models distributed in
commerce without the specific
component is otherwise identical to any
given individual model distributed in
commerce with the specific component,
the manufacturer may determine
represented values for the basic model
either:
(A) Based on performance of an
individual model distributed in
commerce without the specific
component or
(B) based on performance of an
individual model with the specific
component present (and consistent with
any component-specific test provisions
specified in section 4 of appendix E1 to
subpart F of part 431 of this chapter).
(vi) In any of the cases specified in
paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) through (v) of this
section, the represented values for a
basic model must be determined
through either testing (paragraph (a)(1)
of this section) or an AEDM (paragraph
(a)(2) of this section).
■ 4. Amend § 429.70 by revising the
table in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) to read as
follows:
§ 429.70 Alternative methods for
determining energy efficiency and energy
use.
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) * * *
*
*
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)(2)(iv)
Minimum number of distinct
models that must be
tested per AEDM
Validation class
Air-Cooled, Split and Packaged Air Conditioners (ACs) and Heat Pumps (HPs) less than 65,000 Btu/h Cooling
Capacity (3-Phase).
2 Basic Models.
(A) Commercial HVAC validation classes
Air-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity and Less
than 760,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity.
Water-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs, All Cooling Capacities ..............................................................
Evaporatively-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs, All Capacities ...............................................................
Water-Source HPs, All Capacities ............................................................................................................................
Single Package Vertical ACs and HPs .....................................................................................................................
Packaged Terminal ACs and HPs ............................................................................................................................
Air-Cooled, Variable Refrigerant Flow ACs and HPs ...............................................................................................
Water-Cooled, Variable Refrigerant Flow ACs and HPs ..........................................................................................
Computer Room Air Conditioners, Air Cooled ..........................................................................................................
Computer Room Air Conditioners, Water-Cooled and Glycol-Cooled ......................................................................
2 Basic Models.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
2
2
2
2
2
2
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
(B) Commercial water heater validation classes
Gas-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Less than 10 Gallons ......................................................
Gas-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Greater than or Equal to 10 Gallons ...............................
Oil-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Less than 10 Gallons .........................................................
Oil-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Greater than or Equal to 10 Gallons .................................
Electric Water Heaters ..............................................................................................................................................
Heat Pump Water Heaters ........................................................................................................................................
Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks .............................................................................................................................
(C) Commercial packaged boilers validation classes
Gas-fired, Hot Water Only Commercial Packaged Boilers .......................................................................................
Gas-fired, Steam Only Commercial Packaged Boilers .............................................................................................
Gas-fired Hot Water/Steam Commercial Packaged Boilers .....................................................................................
Oil-fired, Hot Water Only Commercial Packaged Boilers .........................................................................................
Oil-fired, Steam Only Commercial Packaged Boilers ...............................................................................................
Oil-fired Hot Water/Steam Commercial Packaged Boilers .......................................................................................
(D) Commercial furnace validation classes
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Gas-fired Furnaces ....................................................................................................................................................
Oil-fired Furnaces ......................................................................................................................................................
2 Basic Models.
2 Basic Models.
(E) Commercial refrigeration equipment validation classes 1
Self-Contained Open Refrigerators ...........................................................................................................................
Self-Contained Open Freezers .................................................................................................................................
Remote Condensing Open Refrigerators ..................................................................................................................
Remote Condensing Open Freezers ........................................................................................................................
Self-Contained Closed Refrigerators ........................................................................................................................
Self-Contained Closed Freezers ...............................................................................................................................
Remote Condensing Closed Refrigerators ...............................................................................................................
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Models.
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
6977
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (c)(2)(iv)—Continued
Minimum number of distinct
models that must be
tested per AEDM
Validation class
Remote Condensing Closed Freezers ......................................................................................................................
2 Basic Models.
1 The
minimum number of tests indicated above must be comprised of a transparent model, a solid model, a vertical model, a semi-vertical
model, a horizontal model, and a service-over-the counter model, as applicable based on the equipment offering. However, manufacturers do not
need to include all types of these models if it will increase the minimum number of tests that need to be conducted.
*
*
*
*
*
5. Section 429.134 is amended by
adding paragraph (s) to read as follows:
■
§ 429.134 Product-specific enforcement
provisions.
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
*
*
*
*
*
(s) Computer room air conditioners.
The following provisions apply for
assessment and enforcement testing of
models subject to energy conservation
standards denominated in terms of
NSenCOP.
(1) Verification of net sensible cooling
capacity. The net sensible cooling
capacity of each tested unit of the basic
model will be measured pursuant to the
test requirements of part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1 of this chapter. The mean
of the net sensible cooling capacity
measurement(s) will be used to
determine the applicable energy
conservation standards for purposes of
compliance.
(2) Specific components. For basic
models that include individual models
distributed in commerce with any of the
specific components listed at
§ 429.43(a)(4)(i), the following
provisions apply. For purposes of this
paragraph, ‘‘otherwise identical’’ means
differing only in terms of the presence
of specific components listed at
§ 429.43(a)(4)(i).
(i) If the basic model includes only
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component, or
does not include any otherwise
identical individual models without the
specific component, DOE may assess
compliance for the basic model based
on testing of an individual model with
the component present (and consistent
with any component-specific test
provisions specified in section 4 of
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 of
this chapter).
(ii) If the basic model includes both
individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component
and otherwise identical individual
models without the specific component,
DOE will assess compliance for the
basic model based on testing an
otherwise identical model within the
basic model that does not include the
component, unless DOE is not able to
obtain an individual model for testing
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
that does not include the component. In
such a situation, DOE will assess
compliance for the basic model based
on testing of an individual model with
the specific component present (and
consistent with any component-specific
test provisions specified in section 4 of
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 of
this chapter).
PART 431—ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
6. The authority citation for part 431
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
7. Section 431.92 is amended by:
a. Revising the introductory
paragraph;
■ b. Adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for ‘‘Ceiling-mounted,’’
‘‘Ceiling-mounted ducted,’’ ‘‘Ceilingmounted non-ducted’’;
■ c. Revising the definition for
‘‘Computer room air conditioner’’; and
■ d. Adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for ‘‘Down-flow,’’ ‘‘Floormounted,’’ ‘‘Fluid economizer,’’
‘‘Horizontal-flow,’’ ‘‘Net sensible
coefficient of performance, or
NSenCOP’’ ‘‘Roof-mounted,’’ ‘‘Upflow,’’ ‘‘Up-flow ducted,’’ ‘‘Up-flow
non-ducted,’’ and ‘‘Wall-mounted.’’
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
■
§ 431.92 Definitions concerning
commercial air conditioners and heat
pumps.
The following definitions apply for
purposes of this subpart F, and of
subparts J through M of this part. Any
words or terms not defined in this
section or elsewhere in this part shall be
defined as provided in 42 U.S.C. 6311.
For definitions that reference the
application for which the equipment is
marketed, DOE will consider any
publicly available document published
by the manufacturer (e.g., product
literature, catalogs, and packaging
labels) to determine marketing intent.
Note: For definitions in this section that
pertain to computer room air conditioners,
italicized terms within a definition indicate
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
terms that are separately defined in this
section.
*
*
*
*
*
Ceiling-mounted means a
configuration of a computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing
the evaporator coil is configured for
indoor installation on or through a
ceiling.
Ceiling-mounted ducted means a
configuration of a ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is
configured for use with discharge
ducting (even if the unit is also
configurable for use without discharge
ducting).
Ceiling-mounted non-ducted means a
configuration of a ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is
configured only for use without
discharge ducting.
*
*
*
*
*
Computer room air conditioner means
commercial package air-conditioning
and heating equipment (packaged or
split) that is marketed for use in
computer rooms, data processing rooms,
or other information technology cooling
applications and not a covered
consumer product under 42 U.S.C.
6291(1)–(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. A
computer room air conditioner may be
provided with, or have as available
options, an integrated humidifier,
temperature and/or humidity control of
the supplied air, and reheating function.
Computer room air conditioners
include, but are not limited to, the
following configurations as defined in
this section: Down-flow, horizontal-flow,
up-flow ducted, up-flow non-ducted,
ceiling-mounted ducted, ceiling
mounted non-ducted, roof-mounted,
and wall-mounted.
*
*
*
*
*
Down-flow means a configuration of
floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters
above the top of the evaporator coil and
discharge air leaves below the bottom of
the evaporator coil.
*
*
*
*
*
Floor-mounted means a configuration
of a computer room air conditioner for
which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is configured for indoor installation
on a solid floor, raised floor, or floor-
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6978
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
stand. Floor-mounted computer room
air conditioners are one of the following
three configurations: Down-flow,
horizontal-flow, and up-flow.
Fluid economizer means an option
available with a computer room air
conditioner in which a fluid (other than
air), cooled externally from the unit,
provides cooling of the indoor air to
reduce or eliminate unit compressor
operation when outdoor temperature is
low. The fluid may include, but is not
limited to, chilled water, water/glycol
solution, or refrigerant. An external
fluid cooler such as, but not limited to
a dry cooler, cooling tower, or
condenser is utilized for heat rejection.
This component is sometimes referred
to as a free cooling coil, econ-o-coil, or
economizer.
*
*
*
*
*
Horizontal-flow means a configuration
of a floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner that is neither a down-flow
nor an up-flow unit.
*
*
*
*
*
Net sensible coefficient of
performance, or NSenCOP, means a
ratio of the net sensible cooling capacity
in kilowatts to the total power input in
kilowatts for computer room air
conditioners, as measured in appendix
E1 of this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
Roof-mounted means a configuration
of a computer room air conditioner that
is not wall-mounted, and for which the
unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for outdoor installation.
*
*
*
*
*
Up-flow means a configuration of a
floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters
below the bottom of the evaporator coil
and discharge air leaves above the top
of the evaporator coil.
Up-flow ducted means a configuration
of an up-flow computer room air
conditioner that is configured for use
with discharge ducting (even if the unit
is also configurable for use without
discharge ducting).
Up-flow non-ducted means a
configuration of an up-flow computer
room air conditioner that is configured
only for use without discharge ducting.
*
*
*
*
*
Wall-mounted means a configuration
of a computer room air conditioner for
which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is configured for installation on or
through a wall.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Amend § 431.95 by:
■ a. Revising paragraph (a);
■ b. Adding new paragraph (b)(8);
■ c. Revising paragraphs (c)(2) and (4);
and
■ d. Adding paragraph (c)(5).
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
§ 431.95 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by
reference into this part with the
approval of the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce
any edition other than that specified in
this section, DOE must publish a
document in the Federal Register and
the material must be available to the
public. All approved material is
available for inspection at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW,
Washington, DC 20024, (202)–586–9127,
Buildings@ee.doe.gov, https://
www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/
building-technologies-office, and may be
obtained from the other sources in this
section. It is also available for
inspection at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this
material at NARA, email: fr.inspection@
nara.gov, or go to: www.archives.gov/
federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
(b) * * *
*
*
*
*
*
(8) AHRI Standard 1360–202X Draft,
(‘‘AHRI 1360–202X Draft’’),
‘‘Performance Rating of Computer and
Data Processing Room Air Conditioners
(‘‘Draft Standard’’)’’, IBR approved for
appendix E1 to this subpart.
(c) * * *
(2) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009,
(‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 37’’), ‘‘Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven
Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat
Pump Equipment,’’ ASHRAE approved
June 24, 2009, IBR approved for
§ 431.96, and appendices A and E1 to
this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
(4) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–
2007, (‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007’’),
‘‘Method of Testing for Rating Computer
and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,’’ approved on June 28,
2007, IBR approved for § 431.96 and
appendix E to this subpart.
(5) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127–
2020, (‘‘ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020’’),
‘‘Method of Testing for Rating Computer
and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,’’ ANSI approved on
November 30, 2020, IBR approved for
appendix E1 to this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 9. Amend § 431.96 by revising
paragraph (b)(1) and table 1 to § 431.96
(immediately following paragraph
(b)(2)), to read as follows:
§ 431.96 Uniform test method for the
measurement of energy efficiency of
commercial air conditioners and heat
pumps.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * * (1) Determine the energy
efficiency of each type of covered
equipment by conducting the test
procedure(s) listed in table 1 of this
section along with any additional
testing provisions set forth in
paragraphs (c) through (g) of this section
and appendices A through E1 to this
subpart, that apply to the energy
efficiency descriptor for that equipment,
category, and cooling capacity. The
omitted sections of the test procedures
listed in Table 1 of this section must not
be used. For equipment with multiple
appendices listed in Table 1, consult the
notes at the beginning of those
appendices to determine the applicable
appendix to use for testing.
*
*
*
*
*
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (b)—TEST PROCEDURES FOR COMMERCIAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Equipment type
Small Commercial Package AirConditioning and Heating Equipment.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Category
Air-Cooled, 3Phase, AC and
HP.
Air-Cooled AC and
HP.
Water-Cooled and
EvaporativelyCooled AC.
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Additional test procedure
provisions as indicated
in the listed paragraphs
of this section
Cooling capacity
Energy efficiency
descriptor
Use tests,
conditions, and
procedures 1 in
<65,000 Btu/h .........
SEER and HSPF ........
AHRI 210/240–2008
(omit section 6.5).
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h.
<65,000 Btu/h .........
EER, IEER, and COP
Appendix A to this
subpart.
AHRI 210/240–2008
(omit section 6.5).
None.
Frm 00032
Fmt 4701
EER ............................
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
6979
TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (b)—TEST PROCEDURES FOR COMMERCIAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS—Continued
Equipment type
Large Commercial Package AirConditioning and Heating Equipment.
Very Large Commercial Package
Air-Conditioning and Heating
Equipment.
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps.
Computer Room Air Conditioners ..
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multisplit Systems.
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multisplit Systems, Air-cooled.
Additional test procedure
provisions as indicated
in the listed paragraphs
of this section
Category
Cooling capacity
Energy efficiency
descriptor
Use tests,
conditions, and
procedures 1 in
EER ............................
Water-Source HP ...
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h.
<135,000 Btu/h .......
Air-Cooled AC and
HP.
≥135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h.
EER, IEER and COP
AHRI 340/360–2007
(omit section 6.3).
ISO Standard
13256–1 (1998).
Appendix A to this
subpart.
Water-Cooled and
EvaporativelyCooled AC.
Air-Cooled AC and
HP.
≥135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h.
EER ............................
AHRI 340/360–2007
(omit section 6.3).
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
≥240,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h.
EER, IEER and COP
Appendix A to this
subpart.
None.
EER and COP ............
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
Paragraph (e).
None.
Water-Cooled and
EvaporativelyCooled AC.
AC and HP .............
≥240,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h.
EER ............................
AHRI 340/360–2007
(omit section 6.3).
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
<760,000 Btu/h .......
EER and COP ............
Paragraphs (c), (e), and (g).
AC ...........................
<760,000 Btu/h .......
SCOP .........................
<760,000 Btu/h .......
NSenCOP ...................
<65,000 Btu/h (3phase).
SEER ..........................
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h.
EER ............................
<65,000 Btu/h (3phase).
SEER and HSPF ........
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h.
EER and COP ............
Paragraph (g) of
this section.
Appendix E to this
subpart 2.
Appendix E1 to this
subpart 2.
AHRI 1230–2010
(omit sections
5.1.2 and 6.6).
AHRI 1230–2010
(omit sections
5.1.2 and 6.6).
ANSI/AHRI 1230–
2010 (omit sections 5.1.2 and
6.6).
ANSI/AHRI 1230–
2010 (omit sections 5.1.2 and
6.6).
ANSI/AHRI 1230–
2010 (omit sections 5.1.2 and
6.6).
AHRI 390–2003
(omit section 6.4).
AC ...........................
HP ...........................
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multisplit Systems, Water-source.
HP ...........................
<760,000 Btu/h .......
EER and COP ............
Single Package Vertical Air Conditioners and Single Package
Vertical Heat Pumps.
AC and HP .............
<760,000 Btu/h .......
EER and COP ............
None.
None.
Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f).
Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f).
Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f).
Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f).
Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f).
Paragraphs (c) and (e).
1 Incorporated by reference; see § 431.95.
2 For equipment with multiple appendices listed in Table 1, consult the notes at the beginning of those appendices to determine the applicable appendix to use for
testing.
*
*
*
*
*
Appendix B to Subpart F of Part 431
[Reserved]
10. Add and reserve Appendix B to
subpart F of part 431:
■
Appendix C to Subpart F of Part 431
[Reserved]
11. Add and reserve Appendix C to
subpart F of part 431.
■
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Appendix D to Subpart F of Part 431
[Reserved]
12. Add and reserve Appendix D to
subpart F of part 431.
■ 13. Add Appendix E to subpart F of
part 431 to read as follows:
■
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
Appendix E to Subpart F of Part 431—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Computer
Room Air Conditioners
Note: Prior to the compliance date for any
amended energy conservation standards
based on NSenCOP for computer room air
conditioners, representations with respect to
energy use or efficiency of this equipment,
including compliance certifications, must be
based on testing pursuant to this appendix.
Starting on the compliance date for any
amended energy conservation standards for
this equipment based on NSenCOP, any
representations, including compliance
certifications, made with respect to the
energy use, power, or efficiency of this
equipment must be based on testing pursuant
to appendix E1 of this subpart.
Manufacturers may use appendix E1 to
certify compliance with any amended
standards prior to the applicable compliance
date for those standards.
1. Incorporation by Reference. DOE
incorporated by reference in § 431.95, the
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
entire standard for ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007.
However, certain enumerated provisions of
ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007, as set forth in
paragraphs (a) of this section, are
inapplicable. To the extent that there is a
conflict between the terms or provisions of a
referenced industry standard and the CFR,
the CFR provisions control.
(a) ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007:
(i) Section 5.11 is inapplicable as specified
in section 2 of this appendix.
(ii) [Reserved].
2. General. Determine the sensible
coefficient of performance (SCOP) in
accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007,
‘‘Method of Testing for Rating Computer and
Data Processing Room Unitary AirConditioners’’; however, Section 5.11,
Tolerances, of ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007 is
not applicable. In addition, the instructions
in sections (3) through (4) of this appendix
apply in determining SCOP. In cases where
there is a conflict between the language of
this appendix and ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2007,
the language of this appendix takes
precedence.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
6980
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
3. Optional break-in period. Manufacturers
may optionally specify a ‘‘break-in’’ period,
not to exceed 20 hours, to operate the
equipment under test prior to conducting the
test method specified in this appendix. A
manufacturer who elects to use an optional
compressor break-in period in its
certification testing should record this
period’s duration as part of the information
in the supplemental testing instructions
under 10 CFR 429.43.
4. Additional provisions for equipment setup. The only additional specifications that
may be used in setting up the basic model
for test are those set forth in the installation
and operation manual shipped with the unit.
Each unit should be set up for test in
accordance with the manufacturer
installation and operation manuals.
Paragraphs 4.1 and 4.2 of this section provide
specifications for addressing key information
typically found in the installation and
operation manuals.
4.1. If a manufacturer specifies a range of
superheat, sub-cooling, and/or refrigerant
pressure in its installation and operation
manual for a given basic model, any value(s)
within that range may be used to determine
refrigerant charge or mass of refrigerant,
unless the manufacturer clearly specifies a
rating value in its installation and operation
manual, in which case the specified rating
value must be used.
4.2. The airflow rate used for testing must
be that set forth in the installation and
operation manuals being shipped to the
commercial customer with the basic model
and clearly identified as that used to generate
the DOE performance ratings. If a rated
airflow value for testing is not clearly
identified, a value of 400 standard cubic feet
per minute (scfm) per ton must be used.
14. Add Appendix E1 to subpart F of
part 431 to read as follows:
■
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
Appendix E1 to Subpart F of Part 431—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Computer
Room Air Conditioners
Note: Prior to the compliance date for any
amended energy conservation standards
based on NSenCOP for computer room air
conditioners, representations with respect to
energy use or efficiency of this equipment,
including compliance certifications, must be
based on testing pursuant to appendix E of
this subpart. Starting on the compliance date
for any amended energy conservation
standards for this equipment based on
NSenCOP, any representations, including
compliance certifications, made with respect
to the energy use, power, or efficiency of this
equipment must be based on testing pursuant
to this appendix. Manufacturers may use
appendix E1 to certify compliance with any
amended standards prior to the applicable
compliance date for those standards.
1. Incorporation by Reference.
DOE incorporated by reference in § 431.95,
the entire standards for AHRI 1360–202X
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020, ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 37–2009. However, only
certain enumerated provisions of AHRI
1360–202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020
and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37–2009 apply
as set forth in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of
this section. To the extent that there is a
conflict between the terms or provisions of a
referenced industry standard and the CFR,
the CFR provisions control.
(a) AHRI 1360–202X Draft:
(i) The following sections of Section 3.
Definitions—3.1 (Air Sampling Device(s)),
3.4 (Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioner), 3.11 (Indoor Unit), 3.14
(Manufacturer’s Installation Instruction), 3.16
(Net Sensible Cooling Capacity), 3.17 (Net
Total Cooling Capacity), 3.21 (‘‘Shall,’’
‘‘Should,’’ ‘‘Recommended,’’ or ‘‘It Is
Recommended’’), 3.22 (Standard Air) and
3.23 (Standard Airflow) are applicable as
specified in section 2(a)(i) of this appendix,
(ii) Section 5. Test Requirements, is
applicable as specified in section 2(a)(ii) of
this appendix,
(iii) The following sections of Section 6.
Rating Requirements—6.1–6.3, 6.5 and 6.7
are applicable as specified in section 2(a)(iii)
of this appendix,
(iv) Appendix C. Standard
Configurations—Normative, is applicable as
specified in section 2(a)(iv) of this appendix,
(v) Section D3 of Appendix D. NonStandard Indoor Fan Motors for CRAC units,
is applicable as specified in section 2(a)(v) of
this appendix,
(vi) Appendix E. Method of Testing
Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners—Normative, is applicable as
specified in section 2(a)(vi) of this appendix,
and
(vii) Appendix F. Indoor and Outdoor Air
Condition Measurement—Normative is
applicable as specified in section 2(a)(vii) of
this appendix.
(b) ANSI/ASHRAE 127–2020:
(i) Appendix A—Figure A–1, Test duct for
measuring air flow and static pressure on
downflow units, is applicable as specified in
section 2(b)(i) of this appendix.
(c) ASHRAE 37–2009:
(i) Section 1 Purpose is inapplicable as
specified in section 2(c)(i) of this appendix,
(ii) Section 2 Scope is inapplicable as
specified in section 2(c)(ii) of this appendix,
and
(iii) Section 4 Classification is inapplicable
as specified in section 2(c)(iii) of this
appendix.
2. General. Determine the net sensible
coefficient of performance (NSenCOP), in
accordance with AHRI 1360–202X Draft,
‘‘Performance Rating of Computer And Data
Processing Room Air Conditioners’’, ANSI/
ASHRAE 127–2020, and ANSI/ASHRAE 37–
2009 ‘‘Methods of Testing for Rating
Electronically Driven Unitary AirConditioning and Heat-Pump Equipment’’.
However only enumerated provisions of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
2020 and ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009 are
applicable, as set forth in paragraphs (a), (b),
and (c) of this appendix. In addition, the
instructions in section 3 of this appendix
apply to determining NSenCOP. In cases
where there is a conflict between these
sources, the language of this appendix takes
highest precedence, followed by AHRI 1360–
202X Draft, followed by ANSI/ASHRAE 127–
2020, followed by ANSI/ASHRAE 37–2009.
Any subsequent amendment to a referenced
document by a standard-setting organization
will not affect the test procedure in this
appendix, unless and until this test
procedure is amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the
approval, and a notice of any change in the
incorporation will be published in the
Federal Register.
(a) Included sections of AHRI 1360–202X
Draft.
(i) The following sub-sections of Section 3.
Definitions—3.1 (Air Sampling Device(s)),
3.4 (Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioner), 3.11 (Indoor Unit), 3.14
(Manufacturer’s Installation Instruction), 3.16
(Net Sensible Cooling Capacity), 3.17 (Net
Total Cooling Capacity), 3.21 (‘‘Shall,’’
‘‘Should,’’ ‘‘Recommended,’’ or ‘‘It Is
Recommended’’), 3.22 (Standard Air) and
3.23 (Standard Airflow),
(ii) Section 5. Test Requirements,
(iii) The following sections of Section 6.
Rating Requirements—6.1–6.3, 6.5 and 6.7,
(iv) Appendix C. Standard
Configurations—Normative,
(v) Section D3 of Appendix D. NonStandard Indoor Fan Motors for CRAC units,
(vi) Appendix E. Method of Testing
Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners—Normative, and
(vii) Appendix F. Indoor and Outdoor Air
Condition Measurement—Normative.
(b) Included section of ANSI/ASHRAE
127–2020
(i) Figure A-1, Test duct for measuring air
flow and static pressure on downflow units,
(ii) [Reserved].
(c) Excepted sections of ANSI/ASHRAE
37–2009:
(i) Section 1. Purpose,
(ii) Section 2. Scope,
(iii) Section 4. Classifications.
3. Test Conditions.
3.1. Test Conditions for Certification. When
testing to certify to the energy conservation
standards in § 431.97, test use the ‘‘Indoor
Return Air Temperature Standard Rating
Conditions’’ and ‘‘Heat Rejection/Cooling
Fluid Standard Rating Conditions’’
conditions, as specified in Tables 3 and 4 of
AHRI 1360–202X Draft, respectively.
4. Set-Up and Test Provisions for Specific
Components. When testing a unit that
includes any of the features listed in Table
4.1 of this appendix, test in accordance with
the set-up and test provisions specified in
Table 4.1 of this appendix.
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 / Proposed Rules
6981
TABLE 4.1—TEST PROVISIONS FOR SPECIFIC COMPONENTS
Component
Description
Test provisions
Air Economizers ...................
An automatic system that enables a cooling system to
supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for
mechanical cooling during mid or cold weather.
Process Heat recovery/Reclaim Coils/Thermal Storage.
Evaporative Pre-cooling of
Condenser Intake Air.
A heat exchanger located inside the unit that conditions
the equipment’s supply air using energy transferred
from an external source using a vapor, gas, or liquid.
Water is evaporated into the air entering the air-cooled
condenser to lower the dry-bulb temperature and
thereby increase efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.
Coils used to provide supplemental heat .......................
For any air economizer that is factory-installed, place
the economizer in the 100% return position and close
and seal the outside air dampers for testing. For any
modular air economizer shipped with the unit but not
factory-installed, do not install the economizer for
testing.
Disconnect the heat exchanger from its heat source for
testing.
Steam/Hydronic Heat Coils ..
Refrigerant Reheat Coils .....
Fire/Smoke/Isolation
Dampers.
Harmonic Distortion Mitigation Devices.
Humidifiers ...........................
Electric Reheat Elements ....
Non-standard Power Transformer.
Chilled Water Dual Cooling
Coils.
High-Effectiveness Indoor
Air Filtration.
A heat exchanger located downstream of the indoor
coil that heats the supply air during cooling operation
using high pressure refrigerant in order to increase
the ratio of moisture removal to cooling capacity provided by the equipment.
A damper assembly including means to open and close
the damper mounted at the supply or return duct
opening of the equipment.
A high voltage device that reduces harmonic distortion
measured at the line connection of the equipment
that is created by electronic equipment in the unit.
A device placed in the supply air stream for moisture
evaporation and distribution. The device may require
building steam or water, hot water, electricity, or gas
to operate.
Electric reheat elements and controls that are located
downstream of the cooling coil that may heat the air
using electrical power during the dehumidification
process.
A device applied to a high voltage load that transforms
input electrical voltage to that voltage necessary to
operate the load.
A secondary chilled water coil added in the indoor air
stream for use as the primary or secondary cooling
circuit in conjunction with a separate chiller.
Indoor air filters with greater air filtration effectiveness
than Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 8
for ducted units and MERV 1 for non-ducted units.
Disconnect the unit from the water supply for testing
(i.e., operate without active evaporative cooling).
Test with steam/hydronic heat coils in place but providing no heat.
De-activate refrigerant re-heat coils so as to provide the
minimum (none if possible) reheat achievable by the
system controls.
For any fire/smoke/isolation dampers that are factoryinstalled, close and seal the dampers for testing. For
any modular fire/smoke/isolation dampers shipped
with the unit but not factory-installed, do not install
the dampers for testing.
Remove harmonic distortion mitigation devices for testing.
Test with humidifiers in place but providing no humidification.
Test with electric reheat elements in place but providing
no heat.
Disable the non-standard power transformer during
testing.
Test with chilled water dual cooling coils in place but
providing no cooling.
Test with the filter offered by the manufacturer with the
least air filtration effectiveness that meets or exceeds
MERV 8 for ducted units and MERV 1 for non-ducted
units.
[FR Doc. 2022–02279 Filed 2–4–22; 8:45 am]
jspears on DSK121TN23PROD with PROPOSALS2
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:14 Feb 04, 2022
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 9990
E:\FR\FM\07FEP2.SGM
07FEP2
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 25 (Monday, February 7, 2022)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 6948-6981]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-02279]
[[Page 6947]]
Vol. 87
Monday,
No. 25
February 7, 2022
Part II
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Computer Room Air
Conditioners; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 87 , No. 25 / Monday, February 7, 2022 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 6948]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE-2021-BT-TP-0017]
RIN 1904-AE45
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Computer Room Air
Conditioners
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) proposes
to amend its test procedure for computer room air conditioners (CRACs)
to incorporate by reference the latest draft version of the relevant
industry consensus test standard. DOE also proposes to adopt the net
sensible coefficient of performance (NSenCOP) metric in its test
procedures for CRACs. Additionally, DOE proposes to amend certain
provisions for representations and enforcement. DOE welcomes written
comments from the public on any subject within the scope of this
document (including topics not raised in this proposal), as well as the
submission of data and other relevant information.
DATES:
Comments: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding
this notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) no later than April 8, 2022.
See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for details.
Meeting: DOE will hold a webinar on Tuesday, March, 15, 2022, from
1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for
webinar registration information, participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities available to webinar participants.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may submit comments, identified
by docket number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0017, by any of the following methods:
(1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
(2) Email: [email protected]. Include docket
number EERE-2021-BT-TP-0017 in the subject line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on this
process, see section V of this document (Public Participation).
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including the Federal eRulemaking
Portal, email, postal mail, or hand delivery/courier, the Department
has found it necessary to make temporary modifications to the comment
submission process in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. DOE is
currently suspending receipt of public comments via postal mail and
hand delivery/courier. If a commenter finds that this change poses an
undue hardship, please contact Appliance Standards Program staff at
(202) 586-1445 to discuss the need for alternative arrangements. Once
the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates
resuming all of its regular options for public comment submission,
including postal mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting/webinar attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other
supporting documents/materials, is available for review at
www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However, some documents listed in the index,
such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at: www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2021-BT-TP-0017. The docket web page contains instructions on how
to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See
section V (Public Participation) for information on how to submit
comments through www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Ms. Catherine Rivest, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-7335. Email: [email protected].
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-5827. Email: [email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in the webinar, contact
the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445
or by email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the
following draft industry standard into parts 429 and 431:
Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (``AHRI'')
Standard 1360-202X Draft, ``Performance Rating of Computer and Data
Processing Room Air Conditioners (``Draft Standard'').'' AHRI Standard
1360-202X Draft is in draft form and its text was provided to the
Department for the purposes of review only during the drafting of this
NOPR. DOE intends to update the reference to the final published
version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the Final Rule, unless there are
substantive changes between the draft and published versions, in which
case DOE may adopt the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on the changes to the industry
consensus test procedure.
A copy of AHRI 1360-202X Draft is attached in this docket for
review.
DOE proposes to maintain and update the previously approved
incorporation by reference for the following industry standards in part
431:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009, ``Methods of Testing for Rating
Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,''
ASHRAE approved June 24, 2009.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, or online at: webstore.ansi.org/.
American National Standards Institute (``ANSI'')/American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (``ASHRAE'')
Standard 127-2007 ``Method of Testing for Rating Computer and Data
Processing Room Unitary Air Conditioners,'' ANSI approved June 28,
2007.
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, or online at: https://webstore.ansi.org/.
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the following industry
standard in part 431:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020, ``Method of Testing for Rating
Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air Conditioners,'' ANSI
approved November 30, 2020.
[[Page 6949]]
Copies of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020 can be obtained from the
American National Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, or online at: webstore.ansi.org/.
See section IV.M of this document for further discussion of these
standards.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Proposed Organization of the CRAC Test Procedure
C. Updates to Industry Test Standards
D. Definitions
1. CRAC Definition
2. CRAC Configuration Definitions
a. Mounting Configurations
b. Flow Direction
c. Ducted and Non-Ducted Definitions
d. Fluid Economizer
E. Metric
1. NSenCOP
a. Indoor Entering Air Temperatures
b. Entering Water Temperatures
c. Indoor Air ESP Requirements
d. Energy Consumption of Heat Rejection Components
e. Conclusion
2. Integrated Efficiency Metric
3. Part-Load Operation and Air Circulation Mode
F. Test Method
1. Standard Configurations
2. Ceiling-Mounted CRACs
3. Non-Floor Mounted CRACs
4. ANSI/ASHRAE 37 Test Requirements
a. Test Tolerances
b. Enclosure for CRACs With Compressors in Indoor Units
c. Secondary Methods for Capacity Measurement
5. Ducted Condensers
6. Minimum External Static Pressure Requirements
7. Refrigerant Charging Instructions
G. Configuration of Unit Under Test
1. Specific Components
2. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors
H. General Comments
I. Represented Values
1. Multiple Refrigerants
2. Net Sensible Cooling Capacity
3. Validation Class for Glycol-Cooled CRACs
J. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
K. Reserved Appendices for Test Procedures for Commercial Air
Conditioning and Heating Equipment
L. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and
Regulations
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedures for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Small, large, and very large commercial package air conditioning
and heating equipment are included in the list of ``covered equipment''
for which DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation
standards and test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)-(D)) Commercial
package air conditioning and heating equipment includes CRACs as an
equipment category. The current DOE test procedures for CRACs are
codified at Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part
431, subpart F, appendix A, ``Uniform Test Method for the Measurement
of Energy Consumption of Air-Cooled Small ([gteqt]65,000 Btu/h),\1\
Large, and Very Large Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating
Equipment'' (appendix A). The following sections discuss DOE's
authority to establish and amend test procedures for CRACs, as well as
relevant background information regarding DOE's consideration of and
proposed amendments to the test procedures for this equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ``Btu/h'' refers to British thermal units per hour.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (EPCA),\2\ among
other things, authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a
number of consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42
U.S.C. 6291-6317) Title III, Part C \3\ of EPCA, Public Law 94-163 (42
U.S.C. 6311-6317, as codified), added by Public Law 95-619, Title IV,
section 441(a), established the Energy Conservation Program for Certain
Industrial Equipment, which sets forth a variety of provisions designed
to improve energy efficiency. This covered equipment includes small,
large, and very large commercial package air conditioning and heating
equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(B)-(D)) Commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment includes CRACs, which are the
subject of this NOPR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020).
\3\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), energy
conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), test procedures (42 U.S.C.
6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316).
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6296), and (2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)). Similarly, DOE uses
these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies with
relevant standards promulgated under EPCA.
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers
of Federal preemption in limited circumstances for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures and other
provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, the statute also sets forth the criteria and
procedures DOE is required to follow when prescribing or amending test
procedures for covered equipment. Specifically, EPCA requires that any
test procedure prescribed or amended shall be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure energy efficiency, energy use, or
estimated annual operating cost of covered
[[Page 6950]]
equipment during a representative average use cycle and requires that
test procedures not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(2)).
As discussed, CRACs are a category of commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment. EPCA requires that the test
procedures for commercial package air conditioning and heating
equipment be those generally accepted industry testing procedures or
rating procedures developed or recognized by AHRI or by ASHRAE, as
referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1, ``Energy Standard for Buildings
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings'' (ASHRAE Standard 90.1). (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) Further, if such an industry test procedure is
amended, DOE must update its test procedure to be consistent with the
amended industry test procedure, unless DOE determines, by rule
published in the Federal Register and supported by clear and convincing
evidence, that such amended test procedure would not meet the
requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3) related to representative
use and test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every seven years, DOE
evaluate test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including
commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment (of which
CRACs are a category), to determine whether amended test procedures
would more accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the
test procedures not to be unduly burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test results that reflect energy
efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs during a
representative average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)-(3)).
If DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it
must publish proposed test procedures in the Federal Register and
afford interested persons an opportunity (of not less than 45 days
duration) to present oral and written data, views, and arguments on the
proposed test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) If DOE determines that
test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish in the
Federal Register its determination not to amend the test procedures.
(42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)(A)(ii))
DOE is publishing this NOPR proposing amendments to the test
procedures for CRACs in satisfaction of its aforementioned obligations
under EPCA.
B. Background
On May 16, 2012, DOE published a final rule in the Federal
Register, which, in relevant part, adopted test procedures for CRACs
that incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007, ``Method
of Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007), which is the industry test
procedure referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 for CRACs, as the
basis for the Federal test procedure for such equipment. 77 FR 28928,
28989 (May 16, 2012). On October 26, 2016, ASHRAE published ASHRAE
Standard 90.1-2016, which included updates to the test procedure
references for CRACs as compared to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 and
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013.\4\ This action by ASHRAE triggered DOE's
obligations under 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B), as outlined previously. On
July 25, 2017, DOE published a request for information (RFI) (the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI) in the Federal Register to collect information and
data to consider amendments to DOE's test procedures for commercial
package air conditioning and heating equipment, given the test
procedure updates included in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016. 82 FR 34427.
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE identified several aspects
of the currently applicable Federal test procedure that might warrant
modifications, in particular: Incorporation by reference of the most
recent version of the relevant industry standard(s); efficiency metrics
and calculations; clarification of test methods; and any additional
topics that may inform DOE's decisions in a future test procedure
rulemaking, including methods to reduce regulatory burden while
ensuring the test procedures' accuracy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ More specifically, ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016 references AHRI
1360-2016, ``Standard for Performance Rating of Computer and Data
Processing Room Air Conditioners'' for CRACs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE received a number of comments regarding CRACs from interested
parties in response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, which covered
multiple categories of equipment. Table I-1 lists the commenters
relevant to CRACs, along with each commenter's abbreviated name used
throughout this NOPR. Discussion of the relevant comments, and DOE's
responses, are provided in the appropriate sections of this document. A
parenthetical reference at the end of a comment quotation or paraphrase
provides the location of the item in the public record.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in a docket related to DOE's rulemaking to
develop test procedures for CRACs. As noted, the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI addressed 4 different equipment categories and is available
under docket number EERE-2017-BT-TP-0018. As this NOPR addresses
only CRACs, it has been assigned a separate docket number (i.e.,
EERE-2021-BT-TP-0017). The references are arranged as follows:
(Commenter name, comment docket ID number, page of that document).
Table I-1--Interested Parties Providing CRAC-Related Written Comments in Response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Abbreviation Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and AHRI....................................... IR.
Refrigeration Institute.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Joint Advocates............................ EA.
Alliance to Save Energy, American
Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy,
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance,
and Northwest Power and Conservation
Council *.
Lennox International Inc................. Lennox..................................... M.
National Comfort Institute............... NCI........................................ IR.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, California Investor-Owned Utilities (CA U.
Southern California Gas Company, San IOUs).
Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern
California Edison.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EA: Efficiency/Environmental Advocate; IR: Industry Representative; M: Manufacturer; U: Utility.
* The Northwest Power and Conservation Council is an interstate compact agency, whose mission in part is to
promote energy efficiency.
Following the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, AHRI published additional
updates to its test procedure standard for CRACs on December 21, 2017
(AHRI Standard 1360-2017, ``2017 Standard for Performance Rating of
Computer and Data Processing Room Air Conditioners'' (AHRI 1360-2017)).
ASHRAE published ASHRAE Standard
[[Page 6951]]
90.1-2019 on October 24, 2019, which updated the test procedure
referenced for CRACs from AHRI 1360-2016 to AHRI 1360-2017 and added
equipment classes for ceiling-mounted CRACs. Following the publication
of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019, AHRI is currently working on an update to
AHRI Standard 1360 (i.e., AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft, ``Performance
Rating of Computer and Data Processing Room Air Conditioners (``Draft
Standard'')'' (AHRI 1360-202X Draft)). These industry test standards
are discussed further in section III.C of this NOPR.
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to update the Federal test procedure for
CRACs consistent with the most recent draft version of the relevant
industry consensus test procedure, AHRI 1360-202X Draft. If AHRI
publishes a final version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft prior to DOE
publishing a final rule, DOE intends to update the referenced industry
test standard in the DOE test procedure to reference the latest version
of AHRI 1360. If a finalized version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft is not
published before the final rule or if there are substantive changes
between the draft and published versions of AHRI 1360, DOE may adopt
the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide additional
opportunity for comment on the final version of that industry consensus
standard. Specifically, DOE proposes to update its regulations at 10
CFR 431.96, ``Uniform test method for the measurement of energy
efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps,'' as follows:
(1) Incorporate by reference the updated version of AHRI 1360 and
relevant industry standards referenced in that version of AHRI 1360;
(2) establish provisions for determining NSenCOP for CRACs; (3) clarify
the definition of ``computer room air conditioner'' to include
consideration of how equipment is marketed; and (4) amend certain
provisions for representations and enforcement in 10 CFR part 429,
consistent with the changes proposed to the test procedure. In terms of
implementation, DOE proposes to add new appendices E and E1 to subpart
F of part 431, ``Uniform test method for measuring the energy
consumption of computer room air conditioners,'' (appendix E and
appendix E1, respectively). The current DOE test procedure for CRACs
would be relocated to appendix E without change, and the new test
procedure adopting the substance of AHRI 1360-202X Draft would be
established in appendix E1 for determining NSenCOP. Compliance with
appendix E1 would not be required until such time as compliance is
required with amended energy conservation standards for CRACs that rely
on NSenCOP, should DOE adopt such standards. After compliance with
appendix E1 would be required, appendix E would no longer be used as
part of the Federal test procedure.
DOE's proposed actions are summarized in Table II.1 and addressed
in detail in section III of this document.
Table II.1--Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to
Current Test Procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed test
Current DOE test procedure procedure Attribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorporates by reference Incorporates by Updates to the
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007. reference in a new applicable industry
appendix E1- AHRI test procedures.
1360-202X Draft,
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2020, and ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009.
Includes provisions for Includes provisions Updates to the
determining SCOP. for determining applicable industry
NSenCOP. test procedures.
CRAC definition criteria CRAC definition To more clearly
include: (1) Used in criteria include: define CRACs and
computer rooms (or similar (1) Marketed for distinguish from
applications); (2) whether use in computer other equipment
rated for SCOP and tested rooms (or similar categories.
in accordance with 10 CFR applications); and
431.96; and (3) not a (2) not a consumer
consumer product. product.
Does not specify provisions Defines roof, wall, Updates to the
specific to testing roof, and ceiling-mounted applicable industry
wall, and ceiling-mounted CRAC configurations test procedures.
CRAC units. and provides test
provisions specific
to such units.
Does not include CRAC- Includes provisions Establish CRAC-
specific provisions for in 10 CFR 429.43 specific provisions
determination of specific to CRACs for determination
represented values in 10 to determine of represented
CFR 429.43. represented values values.
for units approved
for use with
multiple
refrigerants,
prescribe
represented cooling
capacity multiples,
prevent cooling
capacity over-
rating, and specify
configuration of
unit under test.
Does not include CRAC- Adopts product- Establish provisions
specific enforcement specific for DOE testing of
provisions in 10 CFR enforcement CRACs.
429.134. provisions for
CRACs regarding
verification of
cooling capacity
and configuration
of unit under test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments
described in section III of this NOPR regarding the establishment of
appendix E would not alter the measured efficiency of CRACs or require
retesting solely as a result of DOE's adoption of the proposed
amendments to the test procedure, if made final. DOE has tentatively
determined, however, that the proposed test procedure amendments in
appendix E1 would, if adopted, alter the measured efficiency of CRACs
and that such amendments are consistent with the updated industry test
procedure. Further, compliance with the proposed appendix E1 and the
proposed amendments to the representation requirements in 10 CFR 429.43
would not be required until the compliance date of amended standards
denominated in terms of NSenCOP. Additionally, DOE has tentatively
determined that the proposed amendments, if made final, would not
increase the cost of testing. Discussion of DOE's proposed actions are
addressed in further detail in section III of this NOPR.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
This rulemaking applies to CRACs. DOE defines ``computer room air
conditioner'' as a basic model of commercial package air-conditioning
and heating equipment (packaged or
[[Page 6952]]
split) that is: Used in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other
information technology cooling applications; rated for SCOP and tested
in accordance with 10 CFR 431.96; and is not a covered consumer product
under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. A CRAC may be provided
with, or have as available options, an integrated humidifier,
temperature and/or humidity control of the supplied air, and reheating
function. 10 CFR 431.92.
B. Proposed Organization of the CRAC Test Procedure
DOE is proposing to relocate and centralize the current test
procedure for CRACs to a new appendix E to subpart F of 10 CFR part
431, without change. As proposed, appendix E would not amend the
current test procedure. The test procedure as provided in proposed
appendix E would continue to reference ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 and provide
instructions for determining SCOP. Correspondingly, DOE is proposing to
update the existing incorporation by reference of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007
at 10 CFR 431.95 so that the incorporation by reference applies to
appendix E, rather than 10 CFR 431.96. The proposed appendix E would
also centralize the additional test provisions currently applicable
under 10 CFR 431.96 (i.e., optional break-in period for tests conducted
using ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 (currently at 10 CFR 431.96(c)) and
additional provisions for equipment set-up (currently at 10 CFR
431.96(e)). As proposed, CRACs would be required to be tested according
to appendix E until such time as compliance is required with an amended
energy conservation standard that relies on the NSenCOP metric, should
DOE adopt such a standard.
Accordingly, DOE also is proposing in parallel an amended test
procedure for CRACs that adopts AHRI 1360-202X Draft in a new appendix
E1 to subpart F of 10 CFR part 431. DOE proposes to adopt the substance
of the updated draft version of AHRI 1360, including the NSenCOP
metric, as discussed in the following sections. To this end, DOE
intends to propose to incorporate by reference the final published
version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the final rule, unless there are
substantive changes between the draft and published versions, in which
case DOE may adopt the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on changes presented in the final
version of the industry consensus test standard. As proposed, CRACs
would not be required to be tested according to the test procedure in
proposed appendix E1 until such time as compliance is required with an
amended energy conservation standard that relies on the NSenCOP metric,
should DOE adopt such a standard.
C. Updates to Industry Test Standards
As noted previously, DOE's current test procedure for CRACs is
codified at 10 CFR 431.96 and incorporates by reference ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 127-2007,\6\ which is the test procedure recognized by ASHRAE
Standard 90.1-2010 for CRACs. However, the most recent version of
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (i.e., the 2019 edition) recognizes AHRI 1360-2017
as the test procedure for CRACs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ While ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007 is incorporated by
reference in its entirety, Table 1 to 10 CFR 431.96 (which defines
the applicable test methods for each category of equipment) excludes
section 5.11 of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007 for testing CRACs. The
test procedure also includes additional provisions related to break-
in period and test set-up. See 10 CFR 431.96(c) and (e).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
After publication of AHRI 1360-2017, DOE and other stakeholders
supported the AHRI 1360 committee in its process to further update AHRI
Standard 1360. DOE understands that this new update is currently in
draft form (i.e., AHRI 1360-202X Draft) and will supersede AHRI 1360-
2017. AHRI 1360-202X Draft references ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020, ``Method of
Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020) \7\ and ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009,
``Methods Of Testing For Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-
Conditioning And Heat Pump Equipment (ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009). Both AHRI
1360-2017 and AHRI 1360-202X Draft include significant changes from
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007, including the use of NSenCOP instead of SCOP as
the test metric. Both efficiency metrics (NSenCOP and SCOP) are ratios
of net sensible cooling capacity delivered to the power consumed, but
there are several differences in the conditions at which tests are
performed. Section III.E.1 of this NOPR includes further discussion of
the differences between these test metrics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ ASHRAE published ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020 on November
30, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In light of these updates to the relevant industry consensus
standards, DOE is proposing to amend its test procedure for CRACs by
incorporating by reference AHRI 1360-202X Draft (in its entirety). DOE
intends to update its incorporation by reference to the final published
version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the final rule, unless the draft
version is not finalized before the final rule or if there are
substantive changes between the draft and published versions, in which
case DOE may adopt the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on the substantive changes to the
updated industry consensus standard. Specifically, in the proposed test
procedure for CRACs at 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, DOE is
proposing to utilize sections 3.1, 3.4, 3.11, 3.14, 3.16, 3.17, 3.21-
3.23, 5, 6.1-6.3, 6.5, 6.7, and Appendices C-F of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
for the Federal test procedure for CRACs.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ DOE notes that the most recent version of ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2019 references AHRI 1360-2017 as the industry consensus test
method for CRACs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is also proposing to incorporate by reference several industry
standards that are subsequently referenced by AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
First, DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2020. Specifically, in the proposed test procedure for CRACs at 10 CFR
part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, DOE is proposing to utilize Figure A-
1, Test duct for measuring air flow and static pressure on downflow
units, of Appendix A of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020, because Figure A-1 of
Appendix A is referenced in section 5.8 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
Second, DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference ANSI/ASHRAE 37-
2009 for 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, because section 5,
Appendix D, and Appendix E of AHRI 1360-202X Draft reference methods of
test in ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009. More specifically, DOE is proposing to
utilize all sections of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009, except sections 1, 2, and
4. (Any issues discussed in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI that pertain to
provisions in ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 are addressed in section III.F.4 of
this NOPR.)
D. Definitions
1. CRAC Definition
As discussed, DOE currently defines a CRAC as a basic model of
commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment (packaged or
split) that is: Used in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other
information technology cooling applications; rated for SCOP and tested
in accordance with 10 CFR 431.96, and is not a covered consumer product
under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. 10 CFR 431.92. A
computer room air conditioner may be provided with, or have as
available options, an integrated humidifier, temperature and/or
humidity control of the supplied air, and reheating function. Id. In
defining a CRAC, DOE was unable to identify physical characteristics
that consistently
[[Page 6953]]
distinguish CRACs from other categories of commercial package air
conditioning and heating equipment that provide comfort-cooling. See 77
FR 16769, 16772-16774 (March 22, 2012); 77 FR 28928, 28947-28948 (May
16, 2012).
In an effort to better distinguish CRACs from other categories of
commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment that provide
comfort cooling, DOE is again considering means to consistently
differentiate this equipment. To this end, DOE has considered as
potential distinguishing factors use of a minimum sensible heat ratio
(SHR) and the nominal airflow rate per ton of cooling capacity, as
discussed further in this section. SHR is the ratio of sensible cooling
capacity to the total cooling capacity. The total cooling capacity
includes both sensible cooling capacity and latent cooling capacity.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Cooling load is composed of both sensible and latent
portions. The sensible load is the energy required to reduce the
temperature of the incoming air, without any phase change (i.e.,
cooling). The latent load is the energy required to change the
moisture in the air from water vapor into a liquid phase as it
condenses on the cooling coil (i.e., dehumidification).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested comment on
the extent to which models of commercial package air conditioners are
marketed and/or installed for use in both comfort cooling and computer
room cooling applications. 82 FR 34427, 34430 (July 25, 2017). DOE also
requested comment on whether there are models rated for Energy
Efficiency Ratio (EER) or Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), and
not SCOP, that are used for computer room cooling. Id. DOE sought
comment and data on whether a specific SHR value or any other design
differences or performance features would effectively and consistently
distinguish CRACs from other categories of commercial package air
conditioners. Id.
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, AHRI commented that
some large unitary equipment, mini-split units, single packaged
vertical units, and large direct and indirect evaporative coolers are
used in data center applications. AHRI also noted that many of these
products are custom-built for the application and are not necessarily
designed for comfort cooling. The commenter added that in many
instances, the consulting engineer and/or the end user determines the
type of equipment used, regardless of how it is marketed. Additionally,
AHRI stated that CRACs are uniquely designed to operate year-round only
in cooling mode, and their efficiency rating should be stated as
NSenCOP. (AHRI, No. 11 at pp. 1-2). DOE did not receive specific
comments on whether there are models rated for EER or SEER, and not
SCOP or NSenCOP, that are used for computer room cooling.
With regard to whether SHR could be used to effectively and
consistently distinguish CRACs from other classes of commercial package
air conditioners, AHRI commented that SHR is dependent on the rating
conditions used for testing, coil design, and airflow rate of the unit.
AHRI stated that SHRs for CRACs typically fall within a range of around
0.90-1.0, depending on which of the indoor air rating conditions
specified for CRACs in AHRI 1360-2016 are used; whereas typical comfort
cooling commercial units have an SHR of around 0.60 at the indoor air
rating conditions specified for commercial unitary air conditioners
(CUACs) in AHRI 340/360-2015 (which differ from CRAC rating
conditions). AHRI added that CRACs obtain a higher SHR than CUACs by
having a higher airflow rate per ton of cooling capacity,\10\ and,
thus, a larger fan motor. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ One ton of cooling capacity equals 12,000 Btu/h.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As part of preparing this NOPR, DOE conducted a preliminary review
of performance data to explore the use of SHR to distinguish between
CUACs and CRACs. DOE reviewed data from CUAC product literature \11\
and DOE's Compliance Certification Database for CRACs,\12\ which
indicates that if CUACs were tested at the indoor air conditions
specified in DOE's current test procedure for CRACs, there would be
significant overlap in the ranges of SHR for CUAC models and CRAC
models. Specifically, more than half of CRAC models certified to DOE
would have an SHR that is also achieved by certain CUAC models.
Additionally, DOE's analysis of rated cooling capacity and airflow rate
data from DOE's Compliance Certification Database and the AHRI
Directory of Certified Product Performance \13\ revealed a substantial
overlap in nominal airflow rate per ton of cooling capacity between
CRACs and CUACs currently on the market. Therefore, DOE has tentatively
concluded that neither SHR nor nominal airflow rate per ton of cooling
capacity would provide a clear distinction between CRACs and CUACs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Specifically, CUAC technical literature provided
performance tables that show total cooling capacity and sensible
cooling capacity at various indoor air conditions for each model.
\12\ DOE's Compliance Certification Database does not contain
sensible cooling capacity ratings for certified CUACs. (Available
at: www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms).
\13\ The AHRI Directory of Certified Product Performance is
available at www.ahridirectory.org.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Because DOE was unable to identify physical characteristics that
could reliably be used to distinguish between CRACs and other equipment
types, DOE is not proposing to define CRACs based on physical
construction and/or component characteristics. Rather, DOE is proposing
to amend the definition of CRAC to include how it is marketed for use
by the manufacturer. Specifically, DOE is proposing first to replace
the phrase ``used in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other
information technology cooling applications'' with ``marketed for use
in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other information
technology cooling applications.'' DOE's proposed definition for CRACs
is consistent with the definition in the latest draft industry
standard, AHRI 1360-202X Draft, which also defines CRACs based on
marketing.\14\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ Section 3.5 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft defines ``computer room
air conditioner'' as a subset of ``computer and data processing room
air conditioner.'' Section 3.4 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft defines
``computer and data processing room air conditioner,'' as an air
conditioning unit specifically marketed for cooling data centers and
information technology equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also proposes to remove the current wording ``. . . rated for
sensible coefficient of performance (SCOP) and tested in accordance
with 10 CFR 431.96'' to ensure that a unit that otherwise meets the
definition of a CRAC would be covered as a CRAC regardless of how the
manufacturer has tested and rated the model. DOE also proposes to
remove the unnecessary current wording ``. . . a basic model of'' to
avoid confusion as to whether the equipment constitutes a basic model
(i.e., DOE specifies different basic model definitions for each
equipment category at 10 CFR 431.92) before the determination is made
whether the equipment meets the CRAC definition.
DOE proposes to maintain the existing requirement that a CRAC is
not a covered consumer product under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 42
U.S.C. 6292. DOE is also proposing to maintain the existing distinction
that a CRAC may be provided with, or have as available options, an
integrated humidifier, temperature, and/or humidity control of the
supplied air, and reheating function.
In summary, DOE is proposing in 10 CFR 431.92 to define Computer
Room Air Conditioner as ``commercial package air conditioning and
heating equipment (packaged or split) that is: marketed for use in
computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other information technology
cooling applications; and not a covered
[[Page 6954]]
consumer product under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. A
computer room air conditioner may be provided with, or have as
available options, an integrated humidifier, temperature, and/or
humidity control of the supplied air, and reheating function. Computer
room air conditioners include, but are not limited to, the following
configurations as defined in 10 CFR 431.92 down-flow, horizontal-flow,
up-flow ducted, up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted ducted, ceiling
mounted non-ducted, roof-mounted, and wall-mounted.'' DOE is also
proposing definitions for the configuration terms used in this proposed
definition, as discussed further in the following section of this
document. Further, regarding the ``marketed for'' criterion in the
proposed definition, DOE proposes in 10 CFR 431.92 that DOE would
consider any publicly-available document published by the manufacturer
(e.g., product literature, catalogs, and packaging labels) to determine
the application for which equipment is marketed.
DOE recognizes that there may be units on the market that would be
covered by DOE regulations for multiple equipment categories. As
discussed in a previous notice addressing CRACs, such units would have
to be tested and rated according to the requirements for each
applicable equipment class of standards (e.g., CRAC and CUAC). See 77
FR 16769, 16773 (March 22, 2012).
Issue 1: DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for
``computer room air conditioner'' that distinguishes between CRACs and
other categories of air conditioning equipment, based on the marketing
of the equipment.
2. CRAC Configuration Definitions
CRACs can be installed in a variety of different configurations,
which vary by installation location, direction of airflow over the
evaporator coil (e.g., up, down, or horizontal), and by return and
discharge air connections (e.g., raised floor plenum, ducted, free
air). AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes the concept of ``standard
configurations'' to standardize the configuration and rating conditions
(e.g., ESP, return air temperature) for testing CRACs to generate
standard ratings. Appendix C of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies eight
different standard configurations: (1) Ceiling-mounted ducted (with
ducted discharge and ducted return); (2) ceiling-mounted non-ducted
(with free air discharge and free air return); (3) down-flow (with
raised floor plenum discharge and free air return); (4) horizontal-flow
(with free air discharge and free air return); (5) up-flow ducted (with
ducted discharge and free air return); (6) up-flow non-ducted (with
free air discharge and free air return); (7) wall-mounted (with free
air discharge and free air return); and (8) roof-mounted ducted (with
ducted discharge and ducted return).
Section C1 in Appendix C of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies that all
units within the scope of the test standard must be categorized and
rated as one of the eight standard configurations, and it specifies
test conditions that vary between standard configurations. Standard
configurations are further discussed in section III.F.1 of this NOPR.
Section 3.24 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes definitions for the
following configurations of standard models: ``downflow unit,''
``horizontal-flow unit,'' ``upflow unit-ducted,'' ``upflow unit-
nonducted,'' ``ceiling mounted unit-ducted,'' ``ceiling-mounted unit-
nonducted,'' ``wall-mounted,'' and ``roof-mounted ducted.''
Additionally, section 3.9.2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes
definitions for the following airflow configurations of floor-mounted
CRACs: ``downflow,'' ``horizontal-flow,'' and ``upflow.''
To provide additional instruction as to which configuration (and,
thus, which testing requirements and standards, as applicable) should
be used for testing, DOE is proposing to add several definitions for
CRACs consistent with the previously mentioned definitions in AHRI
1360-202X Draft. Specifically, DOE is proposing definitions for the
following terms at 10 CFR 431.92: Floor-mounted, ceiling-mounted, wall-
mounted, roof-mounted, up-flow, down-flow, horizontal flow, up-flow
ducted, up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted ducted, ceiling-mounted
non-ducted, and fluid economizer. Because several of these proposed
definitions reference other defined terms (e.g., the ``up-flow non-
ducted'' definition references the separately defined ``up-flow''
term), DOE is proposing to italicize the defined terms within CRAC-
related definitions at 10 CFR 431.92 to signal to the reader which
terms are separately defined. Each of these proposed definitions is
discussed in further detail in the following sections.
Issue 2: DOE requests comment on its proposal to define the
following terms, consistent with AHRI 1360-202X Draft: Floor-mounted,
ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted, roof-mounted, up-flow, down-flow,
horizontal flow, up-flow ducted, up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted
ducted, ceiling-mounted non-ducted, and fluid economizer.
a. Mounting Configurations
A variety of mounting configurations are available for CRACs. For
CRACs for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is designed to be
installed indoors (including both single package and split system
CRACs), mounting configurations include floor-mounted, wall-mounted,
and ceiling-mounted. Floor-mounted units are designed as free-standing
units that are installed directly on a solid floor, a raised floor, or
a floor-stand; wall-mounted units are designed for installation on or
through a wall; and ceiling-mounted units are designed to be installed
on or through a ceiling. Other CRACs are designed to be installed
outdoors on a building rooftop or on a slab at ground level.
DOE proposes to adopt the definitions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft for
ceiling mounted units, floor mounted units, roof mounted units, and
wall mounted units, with one minor modification. Specifically, DOE
proposes to replace the phrase ``Indoor Unit'' with ``unit housing the
evaporator coil'' to avoid the need for defining another term (i.e.,
``Indoor Unit'') in the Federal regulations. Section 3.11 of AHRI 1360-
202X Draft specifies that ``Indoor Unit'' for a split system is the
unit that removes heat from the indoor air stream. DOE has tentatively
concluded that ``the unit removing heat from the indoor air stream''
and ``the unit housing the evaporator coil'' are substantively
identical for CRACs--the only distinction would be for computer room
air handlers, which remove heat from the airstream via a chilled water
coil and thus do not have an evaporator coil. Because DOE does not
regulate air handlers, DOE is proposing to use the phrase ``housing the
evaporator coil'' to describe more narrowly the indoor unit of a CRAC
split system.
DOE proposes the following definitions for CRAC mounting
configurations at 10 CFR 431.92. These definitions are referenced by
other proposed CRAC configuration definitions described in the sections
that follow.
Floor-mounted means a configuration of computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for indoor installation on a solid floor, raised floor, or
floor-stand. Floor-mounted computer room air conditioners are one of
the following three configurations: Down-flow, horizontal-flow, or up-
flow.
Ceiling-mounted means a configuration of computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for
[[Page 6955]]
indoor installation on or through a ceiling.
Wall-mounted means a configuration of computer room air conditioner
for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is configured for
installation on or through a wall.
Roof-mounted means a configuration of computer room air conditioner
that is not wall-mounted, and for which the unit housing the evaporator
coil is configured for outdoor installation.
b. Flow Direction
DOE is proposing to adopt the definitions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft
for ``up-flow,'' ``down-flow,'' and ``horizontal-flow'' CRAC
configurations, with minor additions to: (1) Clarify that these
provisions apply only to floor-mounted CRACs because other types of
CRACs (i.e., ceiling-mounted, roof-mounted, and wall-mounted CRACs)
each only have one possible airflow direction through the unit; and (2)
replace the term ``cooling coil'' with ``evaporator coil'' to more
specifically reference the relevant coil, because a fluid economizer
coil could also be considered a ``cooling coil.'' The limitation of
scope of these definitions to floor-mounted CRACs is consistent with
Section 3.9.2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, which includes these as sub-
definitions under the definition for ``floor-mounted unit.''
DOE proposes the following definitions regarding the airflow
direction for CRACs at 10 CFR 431.92:
Up-flow means a configuration of floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters below the bottom of the
evaporator coil and discharge air leaves above the top of the
evaporator coil.
Down-flow means a configuration of floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters above the top of the evaporator
coil and discharge air leaves below the bottom of the evaporator coil.
Horizontal-flow means a configuration of floor-mounted computer
room air conditioner that is neither a down-flow nor an up-flow unit.
c. Ducted and Non-Ducted Definitions
The definitions in Section 3.19 of AHRI 1360-2017 distinguish
between ducted and non-ducted up-flow units based on the presence of
factory-installed air discharge grills or factory-installed supply air
plenums. Certain floor-mounted units, ceiling-mounted units, and wall-
mounted units can be installed either with or without a duct, depending
on the needs of the installation of the unit in the field. In the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE noted that AHRI 1360-2016 does not provide
express instructions on which up-flow standard model requirements would
be used for testing equipment that can be installed either with or
without a duct. DOE requested comment on which equipment
characteristics can be used to determine whether up-flow CRACs should
be tested as ducted or non-ducted models. DOE also requested comment on
whether up-flow units can be sold for both up-flow ducted and up-flow
non-ducted applications, and whether such models are currently tested
using both ducted and non-ducted rating conditions. 82 FR 34427, 34432-
34433 (July 25, 2017).
In addition, as discussed in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE's
review of CRAC installation manuals suggests that some up-flow units
are installed with a plenum that directs the vertical airflow exiting
the top of the unit to a horizontal direction (e.g., either toward the
front or rear of the unit). DOE requested comment on the percentage of
up-flow CRAC installations in which a plenum is attached, and whether
non-ducted units are tested with or without this plenum. 82 FR 34427,
34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, AHRI stated that up-
flow units that can be installed with ducting or with an air discharge
plenum would use more energy in the ducted configuration and should,
therefore, be tested and rated as ducted. The commenter argued that
testing and rating a unit as both ducted and non-ducted would add
unnecessary testing burden on manufacturers. AHRI further stated that
only units with factory-integrated discharge grills should be tested as
non-ducted. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 4)
AHRI also commented that if an up-flow unit is not shipped with an
integral factory grill, it should be considered an up-flow ducted unit
and that such units are currently tested with a duct regardless of
whether they have a plenum installed or are ducted in the field. AHRI
further added that approximately 33 percent of up-flow ducted units use
a manufacturer's plenum to redirect the air from the upward direction,
while the remaining 67 percent may be installed with ducting in the
field. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 6).
This issue was addressed with changes in AHRI 1360-202X Draft. The
definitions in Sections 3.3.1 and 3.9.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
distinguish between ducted and non-ducted ceiling mounted and up-flow
floor mounted units based on the marketing of the unit. Specifically, a
unit that is marketed only for use without discharge ducting is
classified as a non-ducted unit and a unit that is marketed for use
with discharge ducting (but may also be marketed for use without
discharge ducting) is classified as a ducted unit.
DOE is proposing to include definitions consistent with AHRI 1360-
202X Draft that differentiate between ducted and non-ducted units, with
only minor modifications. The modifications are to simplify the
definitions and remove unnecessary phrases. For example, the
definitions for ``ducted discharge'' and ``free air discharge'' in
Section 3.9.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft apply to both up-flow and down-
flow units and specify that the terms exclude units that are ``raised
floor plenum discharge.'' The explicit exclusion of units that are
``raised floor plenum discharge'' applies only to down-flow units
because an up-flow unit discharges air near the top of the unit and
would, therefore, never discharge air into a raised floor plenum.
Consequently, this exclusion is unnecessary in DOE's proposed
definitions for ``up-flow ducted'' and ``up-flow non-ducted.''
In summary, DOE proposes the following definitions at 10 CFR 431.92
that differentiate between ducted and non-ducted units for up-flow and
ceiling-mounted CRACs:
Up-flow ducted means a configuration of an up-flow computer room
air conditioner that is configured for use with discharge ducting (even
if the unit is also configurable for use without discharge ducting).
Up-flow non-ducted means a configuration of an up-flow computer
room air conditioner that is configured only for use without discharge
ducting.
Ceiling-mounted ducted means a configuration of ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is configured for use with discharge
ducting (even if the unit is also configurable for use without
discharge ducting).
Ceiling-mounted non-ducted means a configuration of ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is configured only for use without
discharge ducting.
d. Fluid Economizer
Section 3.10 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies a definition for
``fluid economizer,'' which it defines (in part) as an option available
to CRACs or computer room air handler systems. DOE is proposing to
adopt the following definition for ``fluid economizer'' at 10 CFR
431.92, which is consistent with the definition used by AHRI 1360-202X
Draft, except that it does not include computer room air handlers
because
[[Page 6956]]
these air handlers (i.e., chilled water coils) do not meet DOE's
definition for ``commercial package air conditioning and heating
equipment'' at 10 CFR 431.92.
Fluid Economizer means an option available with a computer room air
conditioner in which a fluid (other than air), cooled externally from
the unit, provides cooling of the indoor air to reduce or eliminate
unit compressor operation when outdoor temperature is low. The fluid
may include, but is not limited to, chilled water, water/glycol
solution, or refrigerant. An external fluid cooler, such as but not
limited to a dry cooler, cooling tower, or condenser, is utilized for
heat rejection. This component is sometimes referred to as a free
cooling coil, econ-o-coil, or economizer.
E. Metric
1. NSenCOP
DOE's current efficiency metric for CRACs is SCOP, which is a ratio
of cooling capacity delivered to the power consumed. For most
categories of air conditioners and heat pumps other than CRACs, the
efficiency metrics are calculated based on total cooling capacity
(which includes both sensible cooling and latent cooling). However,
unlike the conditioned spaces in most commercial buildings, computer
rooms and data centers typically have limited human occupancy and
minimal dehumidification requirements, and thus, primarily require only
sensible cooling. Therefore, SCOP is calculated based on sensible
cooling capacity rather than total cooling capacity.
As discussed, ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016 amended the efficiency
metric for CRACs from SCOP (measured per ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007) to
NSenCOP (measured per AHRI 1360-2016). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019
subsequently retained NSenCOP as the test metric, but it updated the
test reference to AHRI 1360-2017 (which specifies NSenCOP as the test
metric and has the same test conditions as AHRI 1360-2016). AHRI 1360-
202X Draft also specifies NSenCOP as the test metric and maintains the
rating conditions found in AHRI 1360-2017, while also adding rating
conditions for roof-mounted and wall-mounted units. Like SCOP, NSenCOP
is a ratio of sensible cooling capacity to the power consumed. However,
the test procedure to determine NSenCOP differs from that to determine
SCOP in four key aspects: (1) For several CRAC configurations (e.g.,
down-flow, up-flow ducted), different indoor entering air temperatures
are specified; (2) for water-cooled CRACs, different entering water
temperatures are specified; (3) for up-flow ducted configurations,
different indoor air external static pressure (ESP) requirements are
specified; and (4) for water-cooled and glycol-cooled CRACs, NSenCOP
accounts for energy consumed by fans and pumps that would be installed
in the outdoor heat rejection loop, which is not accounted for in SCOP.
Because of these key differences, the SCOP and NSenCOP metrics are not
equivalent and would result in different ratings. As noted, the current
energy conservation standards for CRACs are in terms of SCOP, and
testing according to the DOE test procedure to determine SCOP would
continue to be required until such time as the energy conservation
standards are amended to rely on NSenCOP, should DOE adopt such changes
to the standards. Each of the differences between SCOP and NSenCOP is
discussed in further detail in the following paragraphs.
a. Indoor Entering Air Temperatures
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 (for SCOP) specifies using a return air
temperature (i,e., indoor entering air temperature) of 75 [deg]F for
all CRAC configurations. However, in the field, the location of the
return air inlet can impact the return air temperature. For example,
CRAC configurations in which the return air inlet is located close to
the heat source (i.e., horizontal flow units, which are typically
located adjacent to server racks) would have higher entering air
temperatures than configurations with return air inlets located further
from the heat source. In general, increasing the indoor entering air
temperature (assuming all other parameters remain unchanged) increases
the measured sensible cooling capacity and sensible cooling efficiency.
In contrast, AHRI 1360-202X Draft (for NSenCOP) specifies different
return air temperatures for different configurations. Specifically,
AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies indoor entering air dry-bulb
temperatures for each CRAC configuration, as follows: (1) 85 [deg]F for
up-flow ducted units, down-flow units, and roof-mounted units; (2) 95
[deg]F for horizontal-flow units; and (3) 75 [deg]F for up-flow non-
ducted units, ceiling-mounted ducted units, ceiling-mounted non-ducted
units, and wall-mounted units.
b. Entering Water Temperatures
For water-cooled CRACs, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 (for SCOP) specifies
an entering water temperature of 86 [deg]F, whereas AHRI 1360-202X
Draft (for NSenCOP) specifies an entering water temperature of 83
[deg]F. In general, decreasing the entering water temperature increases
the measured efficiency.
c. Indoor Air ESP Requirements
For up-flow ducted CRACs, both ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 and AHRI 1360-
202X Draft specify indoor air ESP requirements that vary with net
sensible cooling capacity. AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies lower ESP
requirements than ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 across all capacity ranges, and
the capacity bins (i.e., capacity ranges over which each ESP
requirement applies) are different between the two test standards.
Testing with a lower ESP typically decreases the indoor fan power input
without a corresponding decrease in cooling capacity, thus increasing
the measured efficiency. Additionally, the reduction in fan heat
entering the indoor air stream that results from lower fan power also
slightly increases net sensible cooling capacity (NSCC). These indoor
air ESP requirements are further discussed in section III.F.6 of this
NOPR.
d. Energy Consumption of Heat Rejection Components
For air-cooled CRACs, all energy consumption associated with heat
rejection (i.e., transfer of heat that is captured from the conditioned
space to outdoor air) is directly captured under both ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2007 and AHRI 1360-202X Draft because the units include the condenser
fan(s) as integral components. However, for water-cooled CRACs and
glycol-cooled CRACs, the energy consumption associated with heat
rejection components (i.e., liquid pump and cooling tower/dry cooler
fan(s)) is not captured in either test method, because the heat
rejection components for these CRACs are not integral components.
However, Section 6.3.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft requires that an
allowance for the power input of these components be added to the total
power input used to determine NSenCOP. Specifically, Section 6.3.1.3 of
AHRI 1360-202X Draft requires that an allowance be added for cooling
tower fan(s) and water pump power input of water-cooled CRACs equal to
5 percent of the measured unit net sensible cooling capacity, and
Section 6.3.1.4 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft requires that an allowance be
added for dry cooler fan(s) and glycol pump power input of glycol-
cooled CRACs equal to 7.5 percent of the measured unit net sensible
cooling capacity. ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 does not include any such
adjustments to account for the power consumption of
[[Page 6957]]
these heat rejection components in the power input used to calculate
SCOP. The addition of these allowances does not change how the test is
conducted, but the resulting changes to the efficiency ratings would
more fully capture field energy consumption and allow for more
representative comparison of water-cooled and glycol-cooled CRACs with
air-cooled CRACs.
e. Conclusion
In response to the changes to the efficiency metric and referenced
industry test standard for CRACs in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 and the
draft update to the referenced industry test standard (AHRI 1360-202X
Draft), DOE proposes to update its efficiency metric for CRACs to
NSenCOP. As discussed in section I.A of this NOPR, this approach is
consistent with the general statutory scheme in EPCA to adopt an
amended test procedure that is consistent with the updated relevant
industry test procedure referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. As part of
any future analysis of energy conservation standards for CRACs, DOE
would expect to conduct a crosswalk analysis to translate the current
Federal standards in terms of SCOP to equivalent levels in terms of
NSenCOP to evaluate potential amendments to the energy conservation
standards, as appropriate.
Updating the industry consensus standard referenced in the DOE test
procedure for CRACs to the draft updated version of the industry
standard (i.e., AHRI 1360-202X Draft), would require DOE to change the
metric for CRACs from SCOP to NSenCOP. As noted, the energy
conservation standards for CRACs are in terms of SCOP, and testing
according to the DOE test procedure to determine SCOP would continue to
be required until such time as the energy conservation standards are
amended to rely on NSenCOP, should DOE adopt such changes to the
standards. Further, DOE is unaware of any data or information
indicating that NSenCOP test conditions are not representative of an
average CRAC use cycle, but the Department requests comments, data, and
information as to this understanding.
Issue 3: DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the NSenCOP
metric for CRACs as part of the proposed test procedure in appendix E1,
which would be used only if DOE were to prescribe energy conservation
standards denominated in terms of NSenCOP in a future rulemaking.
Additionally, DOE seeks feedback on whether the rating conditions in
AHRI 1360-202X Draft are appropriately representative of field
applications.
2. Integrated Efficiency Metric
In contrast to an efficiency metric that measures performance at
only one test point, an annualized, or ``integrated'' efficiency metric
measures performance at multiple test points (i.e., tests with
different outdoor test conditions) that are intended to reflect
seasonal variation in outdoor ambient temperatures that would be
experienced by the equipment installed in the field. ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2007 includes an integrated efficiency metric (i.e., adjusted sensible
coefficient of performance (ASCOP)--a metric for which DOE does not
require manufacturers to report ratings), which is calculated based on
the SCOP determined at four different rating conditions (A, B, C, and
D) that represent different ambient conditions, with weightings for the
SCOP at each rating condition based on the climate at a specific
location. All subsequent versions of CRAC industry standards (i.e, 2012
and 2020 versions of ASHRAE Standard 127; 2013, 2016, 2017, and draft
versions of AHRI Standard 1360) include a different integrated
efficiency metric--integrated net sensible coefficient of performance
(iNSenCOP). The iNSenCOP metric is similar to ASCOP in that it
comprises a weighted average of NSenCOP values for four test points at
varying outdoor conditions.\15\ Additionally, iNSenCOP includes the
weightings for each test point, whereas for ASCOP, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007
does not provide the weightings for each test point, and instead
specifies obtaining data from a weather bureau or other reputable
source to develop weightings for each ASCOP test point.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ The rating conditions A, B, C, and D specified for ASCOP in
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 and for iNSenCOP in subsequent CRAC industry
test standards (i.e., 2012 and 2020 versions of ASHRAE Standard 127;
2013, 2016, 2017, and 202X Draft versions of AHRI Standard 1360) for
air-cooled units correspond to outdoor entering air temperatures of
95.0 [deg]F, 80.0 [deg]F, 65.0 [deg]F, and 40.0 [deg]F,
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ASCOP and iNSenCOP test methods in the CRAC industry consensus
test standards require units to maintain a constant sensible cooling
capacity at lower ambient temperatures. However, as the ambient
temperature decreases, the maximum cooling capacity of a CRAC will
inherently increase as the condensing temperature decreases. The CRAC
industry consensus test standards do not provide direction regarding
how the unit should be controlled to deliver the same amount of
sensible cooling as its capacity increases for the lower-ambient tests.
AHRI 1360-2017 acknowledges that it may be difficult to maintain test
conditions within tolerance while operating at the full-load cooling
load at reduced ambient temperatures, but does not provide direction
regarding how the unit should be controlled. In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, DOE requested comment on whether it should consider adopting an
integrated efficiency metric (e.g., iNSenCOP) and, if so, how the
requirement to maintain a constant sensible cooling capacity associated
with the iNSenCOP test procedure should be implemented during testing.
82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that an annualized energy efficiency
metric such as iNSenCOP would best represent the energy efficiency of
CRACs. However, AHRI stated that testing limitations currently prevent
the development of an iNSenCOP metric. AHRI further commented that it
had begun work to assess the feasibility of an annualized metric that
can be verified by testing, but that this research would not be
completed in time for inclusion in the 2017 version of AHRI 1360.
Consequently, AHRI recommended that this issue be addressed at a later
date. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 3)
Consistent with AHRI's comment, section D1 of AHRI 136-2017 (and
section G1 of the subsequently published AHRI 1360-202X Draft) states
that ``a long-term goal is for iNSenCOP to replace NSenCOP after a more
readily testable means has been standardized.'' DOE is not aware of any
test data that verifies the validity of the iNSenCOP metric. Further,
minimum efficiency levels in terms of iNSenCOP have not been adopted in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1. The Department acknowledges the potential benefit
regarding representativeness that would be provided with an annualized
metric for CRACs. However, given the apparent need for further
validation and the lack of test data, DOE is not proposing to use the
iNSenCOP metric at this time.
3. Part-Load Operation and Air Circulation Mode
As discussed in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, CRACs typically
operate at part-load (i.e., less than designed full cooling capacity)
in the field. 82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25, 2017). Reasons for this may
include, but are not limited to, redundancy in installed units to
prevent server shutdown if a CRAC unit stops working, and server room
designers building in extra cooling capacity to accommodate additional
server racks in the future. While the current DOE test procedure
measures performance at full-load, DOE has estimated that CRACs operate
on average at a sensible load of 65 percent
[[Page 6958]]
of the full-load sensible capacity in the analysis for a final rule for
standards and test procedures for certain commercial heating, air
conditioning, and water heating equipment (including CRACs) published
on May 16, 2012 (77 FR 28928). (Technical Support Document, EERE-2011-
BT-STD-0029-0021, pp. 4-15, 4-16) In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
requested information on the range of typical field load levels for
CRACs at conditions close to or at the maximum ambient outdoor air
temperature conditions specified in the DOE test procedure for various
unit capacities. DOE also sought input on typical rules of thumb for
oversizing and whether the issue of oversizing of this equipment should
be addressed in the efficiency metric. 82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25,
2017).
Additionally, as discussed in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, many
CRACs operate in air circulation mode. 82 FR 34427, 34432 (July 25,
2017). In this mode, the direct expansion refrigerant system is shut
down, and only the indoor fans and controls are operating. In a
computer room with redundant CRAC units installed, one or more of the
redundant units can be operated in air circulation mode to provide
increased air movement. In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested
comment on the conditions under which CRACs typically operate in air
circulation mode (i.e., operating the indoor fan without actively
cooling) in the field, whether each CRAC switches automatically between
standard cooling mode and air circulation mode, and if so, the time
percentage that CRACs operate in air circulation mode. DOE also sought
comment on which fan setting(s) is used for air circulation mode and
whether DOE should consider this energy use in the CRAC efficiency
metric. Id.
The CA IOUs encouraged DOE to adopt an efficiency metric for CRACs
that includes part-load conditions, stating that a full-load metric is
highly unrepresentative of operation of CRACs in the field.
Specifically, the CA IOUs stated that because computer rooms are built
out in stages, CRACs may be sized for loads that are far greater than
the loads actually met in practice, and that redundant and oversized
CRACs are typically installed to ensure the continuous operation of
these critical facilities. These commenters further stated that CRACs
typically operate at between 10 percent and 50 percent of full-load
capacity. Therefore, the CA IOUs recommended that DOE should modify the
iNSenCOP metric to account for part-load operation in addition to
variations in ambient conditions, or that DOE should develop a new
integrated metric that includes part-load test points. (CA IOUs, No. 3
at pp. 3-4)
The Joint Advocates urged DOE to adopt an efficiency metric for
CRACs that incorporates part-load performance, stating that a full-load
metric is not representative of performance in the field and,
therefore, does not provide good information to consumers.
Additionally, the Joint Advocates stated that if CRACs spend a
significant amount of time in air circulation mode, the energy use for
that operating mode should be captured in the test procedure. These
commenters also stated that variable-speed controls for fans and
compressors can significantly improve performance when operating at
part-load conditions or in air circulation mode, and that capturing
these benefits in the test procedure would likely increase adoption of
these technologies. The Joint Advocates acknowledged that measuring
power consumption in air circulation mode would require additional
testing, but suggested that the test burden would be small and that
testing of air circulation mode could be performed immediately
following the refrigeration system testing, similar to what is
specified in the new test procedures for testing dehumidifiers in
``off-cycle'' mode. (Joint Advocates, No. 9 at pp. 2-3)
AHRI stated that oversizing of CRACs varies from site to site and
depends on several factors such as redundancy, control sequencing, and
the build-out plan. Because of such variations, AHRI stated that it is
neither practical nor feasible to address oversizing in the efficiency
metric for CRACs. AHRI did not comment on whether energy use from air
circulation mode should be reflected in the CRAC efficiency metric, but
stated that airflow is a major consideration in the design of a data
center cooling system and that the control of airflow depends on how
the data center is designed. The trade association stated that
circulating fan speeds (in the case of variable-speed fans) are
controlled by aisle temperatures, rack temperatures, static pressure,
and supply air or return air temperatures; and that the industry has
gone to great lengths to address airflow design and control issues.
AHRI further commented that in many cases, the controls can be adjusted
manually in a matter of seconds to respond to server equipment or load
changes in the room. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 4)
These comments suggest that CRACs are commonly oversized when
installed in the field, and that this oversizing can significantly
influence performance. DOE acknowledges that the extent of oversizing
of CRACs likely varies by application, but DOE tentatively disagrees
with AHRI's statement that it is neither practical nor feasible to
account for oversizing in an efficiency metric for CRACs. For example,
the ESP that indoor fans must overcome from ductwork varies widely by
installation location, yet all versions of AHRI Standard 1360 specify
ESP requirements to be used for testing all CRACs. Additionally, DOE
understands that many CRACs operate in air circulation mode and that
incorporating air circulation mode in testing might incentivize use of
more-efficient fan technologies for CRACs that typically operate at
lower fan speeds in air circulation mode. At this time, however, DOE
does not have information or data on part-load or air circulation mode
operation of CRACs to support a proposal to amend the efficiency metric
to account for performance in these operating modes.
F. Test Method
This section discusses certain issues related to testing CRACs,
several of which were identified by DOE in the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI
and subsequently addressed in AHRI 1360-202X Draft. Therefore, in this
section, comments received regarding such issues are briefly summarized
and cited but are addressed by referencing the relevant language in
AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
1. Standard Configurations
Section 3.18 of AHRI 1360-2016 specifies four floor-mounted
``standard model'' configurations to standardize rating conditions
(e.g., ESP, return air temperature) based on the configuration of a
unit. These four ``standard model'' configurations are: Up-flow ducted,
up-flow non-ducted, down-flow, and horizontal-flow. Section C1 of
Appendix C of AHRI 1360-2016 categorizes all units within the scope of
the test as one of the four floor-mounted ``standard model''
configurations, and Table C1 of AHRI 1360-2016 specifies the indoor
rating conditions for each ``standard model'' configuration. Table C1
of AHRI 1360-2016 also identifies 13 ``application configurations,''
which are optional test configurations and are not specified for use in
developing efficiency ratings.
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested confirmation
that, although floor-mounted CRACs may be sold to be installed in
multiple configurations, all models are capable of being tested as one
of the four floor-mounted standard models identified in Table C.1 of
AHRI 1360-2016. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July 25, 2017).
[[Page 6959]]
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, AHRI stated that all
floor-mounted models can be configured as one of the four floor-mounted
standard models specified in AHRI 1360-2016 and tested accordingly.
AHRI also added that some air discharge unit variations may require
special test set-ups, but did not elaborate on this issue. (AHRI, No.
11 at p. 4)
AHRI 1360-2017 specifies six ``standard model'' configurations and
includes ceiling-mounted ducted and ceiling-mounted non-ducted
``standard model'' configurations, in addition to the four floor-
mounted ``standard model'' configurations in AHRI 1360-2016. AHRI 1360-
202X Draft includes a similar concept but designates the configurations
as ``standard configurations'' rather than ``standard models.'' In
addition to the six configurations specified as ``standard models'' in
AHRI 1360-2017, Sections 3.25 and C1 (to Appendix C) of AHRI 1360-202X
Draft include two additional standard configurations for wall-mounted
and roof-mounted CRACs. Tables C1 and C2 to Appendix C of AHRI 1360-
202X Draft specify these eight standard configurations, as well as 14
``application configurations,'' which Section 3.2 of AHRI 1360-202X
Draft defines as unit configurations other than standard
configurations. However, Section 3.2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft states
that all units within the scope of AHRI Standard 1360 shall be tested
and rated as standard configurations. Accordingly, for each application
configuration, Note 2 to Table C1 and Notes 3 through 5 to Table C2 of
AHRI 1360-202X Draft assign a specific standard configuration to be
used for rating purposes.
In light of the provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft regarding
standard configurations for testing CRACs, DOE surmises that the
approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft represents industry consensus
regarding the most appropriate and representative configurations for
testing. To the extent that AHRI had any concerns regarding special
test set-ups needed for certain unit variations (as set forth in the
comments in response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI), DOE presumes that
AHRI's original position on this issue changed during the course of
developing the updated industry consensus standard. DOE is proposing to
adopt the provisions regarding standard configurations to be used for
testing under AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
2. Ceiling-Mounted CRACs
The CRAC industry test standard referenced in DOE's current test
procedure in 10 CFR 431.96, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 (omitting section
5.11), is not specific as to mounting location (i.e., floor, ceiling,
wall, roof). However, on October 7, 2015, DOE issued a draft guidance
document (``October 2015 Draft Guidance'') to clarify that ceiling-
mounted CRACs are covered equipment and are required to be tested under
the current DOE test procedure for purposes of making representations
of energy consumption. DOE also noted that a manufacturer may request a
test procedure waiver for a basic model if it contains design features
that prevent testing according to the DOE test procedure. (Docket No.
EERE-2014-BT-GUID-0022, No. 3, pp. 1-2) \16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Available at: www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2014-BT-GUID-0022.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested comment on the
appropriate test procedure for ceiling-mounted CRACs and the test
burden associated with any such procedure. 82 FR 34427, 34431 (July 25,
2017). DOE also noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 and ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2012 do not exclude ceiling-mounted CRACs, but that AHRI 1360-2016 (the
latest version of AHRI 1360 at the time of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI)
provides test provisions and rating conditions only for floor-mounted
CRACs. 82 FR 34427, 34430-34431 (July 25, 2017). Further, DOE noted
that the current DOE test procedure, which incorporates by reference
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007, specifies different test conditions (e.g.,
different ESP) than AHRI 1360-2016, and the Department requested
comment on whether the test requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007 are
representative of average use cycles for ceiling-mounted CRACs. 82 FR
34427, 34433-34434 (July 25, 2017). In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
requested information on whether the ESP levels required by ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2012 (which is referenced by AHRI 1360-2016) are representative of
field operation for ceiling-mounted CRACs (among other non-floor-
mounted CRAC configurations), and if not, what a representative minimum
ESP would be. 82 FR 34427, 34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI commented that AHRI 1360 was under revision (at
the time of the response) and that an updated version would be
published in 2017 (i.e., AHRI 1360-2017). AHRI stated that the revised
version would specify ESP requirements for ceiling-mounted CRACs. AHRI
provided a working draft of AHRI 1360-2017 as part of its comment
response. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 6) AHRI also stated that the average use
cycle for ceiling-mounted CRAC units and other non-floor-mounted CRACs
would be the same as floor-mounted units. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 5)
AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes ceiling-mounted units within the
scope of the industry consensus test standard and specifies ducting
configuration (e.g., ducted discharge and ducted return) requirements
in section 3.3.1, indoor entering air temperature in Table 3, and ESP
requirements that apply specifically to ceiling-mounted units in Table
5 of that standard. These configurations and conditions align with
those included for ceiling-mounted CRACs in the working draft of AHRI
1360-2017 provided as part of AHRI's comment response. Accordingly, DOE
surmises that the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft represents
industry consensus regarding the most appropriate and representative
method for testing ceiling-mounted CRACs. Further, from DOE's initial
review of public product literature for ceiling-mounted CRACs, DOE has
tentatively determined that the ESP requirements for ceiling-mounted
CRACs in AHRI 1360-202X Draft are more representative for testing
ceiling-mounted CRACs than the ESP requirements specified in ANSI/
ASHRAE 127-2007 (as provided in the October 2015 Draft Guidance
Document). Therefore, DOE is proposing to adopt the provisions in AHRI
1360-202X Draft regarding testing ceiling-mounted CRACs. If DOE adopts
the proposed test procedures for ceiling-mounted CRACs, DOE expects
that this update to the industry consensus standard would obviate the
need to update/finalize DOE's draft guidance document on this issue.
(Docket No. EERE-2014-BT-GUID-0022, No. 3, pp. 1-2)
3. Non-Floor Mounted CRACs
The current DOE test procedure (which references ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2007) does not provide specific directions for testing wall-mounted or
roof-mounted CRACs (although they are not excluded from ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2007). In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested information on
the extent to which single-package non-floor-mounted air conditioners
are used in computer room applications. DOE also requested comment on
whether special test procedure provisions should be developed for
different kinds of single-package non-floor-mounted air conditioners
that are used for computer room cooling. 82 FR 34427, 34431 (July 25,
2017).
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, AHRI stated that it did
not have
[[Page 6960]]
information on the extent to which single-package non-floor-mounted air
conditioners are used in computer room applications. AHRI further
stated that it has not studied test provisions for single-package non-
floor-mounted CRACs in-depth, but commented that these units could be
tested by combining the test set-up(s) used for testing air
conditioners intended for comfort cooling applications with the rating
conditions specified for CRACs in AHRI 1360. (AHRI, No. 11 at pp. 2-3)
AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes wall-mounted and roof-mounted units
in the scope of the test standard and provides rating and test
conditions for these units. In light of the provisions in AHRI 1360-
202X Draft regarding testing wall-mounted and roof-mounted CRACs, DOE
surmises that the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft represents
industry consensus regarding the most appropriate and representative
method for testing these CRACs. DOE is proposing to adopt the
provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft regarding testing wall-mounted and
roof-mounted CRACs.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE also requested comment on
whether there are other configurations of commercial package air
conditioners that are designed, marketed, or used in computer room
cooling applications and that meet DOE's current definition for a CRAC,
beyond floor-mounted units, ceiling-mounted units, portable units,
indoor single-package wall-mounted units, roof-mounted units, and
certain SPVUs. 82 FR 34427, 34431 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI commented that DOE's list of configurations of
commercial package air conditioners presented in the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI covers all variations of systems used for data center cooling
other than variable refrigerant flow multi-split air conditioners and
heat pumps (``VRF multi-split systems''), evaporative coolers, and site
built-up systems (i.e., engineered-to-order systems). (AHRI, No. 11 at
p. 3)
DOE has not identified any VRF multi-split systems on the market
that are specifically marketed for computer room cooling applications,
and provisions for testing such systems are not included in AHRI 1360-
202X Draft or ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020. Evaporative coolers do not include
refrigeration systems; therefore, they are not air conditioners and are
not covered products or equipment under 42 U.S.C. 6291 or 42 U.S.C.
6311, respectively. The Federal test procedures (and energy
conservation standards) do not distinguish between ``engineered-to-
order'' equipment and mass-market equipment. To the extent that
equipment is a CRAC, it is subject to the Federal test procedures and
applicable energy conservation standards. In its comments, AHRI did not
provide any indication that there are site-built/engineered-to-order
CRACs that warrant unique test provisions. In accordance with the CRAC
configurations covered in AHRI 1360-202X Draft, DOE surmises that the
provisions provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft represents industry
consensus regarding the configurations of CRACs for which specific test
provisions are warranted. DOE is not proposing test provisions for any
configurations of CRACs not included in AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
4. ANSI/ASHRAE 37 Test Requirements
The current DOE test procedure for CRACs references ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2007, which in turn references ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2005,
``Methods of Testing for Rating Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump
Equipment'' (ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2005). In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE
noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2012 and AHRI 1360-2016 reference a more
recent version (i.e., ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009), but none of these industry
test standards for CRACs indicate which specific provisions of the
applicable version of ANSI/ASHRAE 37 are intended to apply. 82 FR
34427, 34433 (July 25, 2017). DOE requested comment on whether the test
method of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 is appropriate for measuring capacity,
sensible capacity, and electric energy use for all configurations of
CRACs (including configurations for which DOE does not currently
prescribe standards). Id.
In response, AHRI stated that a combination of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009,
ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2012, and the draft version of AHRI 1360 at the time of
AHRI's comment should cover most test methods for CRACs. (AHRI, No. 11
at p. 5).
AHRI 1360-202X Draft also references ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 but
provides additional clarity on the applicability of provisions in ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009. Specifically, Section 5.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
specifies that all testing shall be conducted in accordance with ANSI/
ASHRAE 127-2020 and ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009, and that in the event of
conflicting instructions between test standards, the instructions in
AHRI 1360-202X Draft take precedence. In light of the provisions in
AHRI 1360-202X Draft regarding the applicability of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-
2009, DOE surmises that the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft
represents industry consensus regarding the most appropriate and
representative method for testing CRACs. DOE is proposing to adopt the
provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft regarding the applicability of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009 for testing CRACs.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE raised several more specific
issues related to the applicability of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009. These
issues are addressed in AHRI 1360-202X Draft, and DOE is proposing to
adopt these provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft. These issues are
discussed in the following subsections.
a. Test Tolerances
Table 2b of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 includes test operating tolerances
(i.e., the maximum permissible range of a measurement during the
specified test interval) and condition tolerances (i.e., the maximum
permissible difference between the averaged value of the measured test
parameter and the specified test condition) for several parameters,
including air and fluid temperatures. Section 5.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-
2007 and Section 5.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2012 include an operating
tolerance for the room temperature; however, no published versions of
ANSI/ASHRAE 127 or AHRI 1360 prior to AHRI 1360-2017 specifically
include tolerances for any other test parameters or clarify whether
such tolerances are included as part of the general reference to ASHRAE
Standard 37.
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested comment on whether
any operating or condition tolerances included in Table 2b of ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009 are inappropriate for CRACs. If any are inappropriate,
DOE requested an explanation as to why and suggestions on how the
tolerances should be changed. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI commented that the tolerances listed in Table 2b
of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 are appropriate for testing CRACs. (AHRI, No. 11
at p. 5)
Subsequently, the AHRI 1360 committee has developed an updated
draft version, AHRI 1360-202X Draft, which specifies operating and
condition test tolerances in Table 7 of the draft industry test
standard. These tolerances generally align with those in Table 2b of
ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 but also include tolerances for electrical voltage,
electrical frequency, and indoor and outdoor dew point temperatures.
Furthermore, section E5.3.2 of Appendix E of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
specifies condition tolerances for indoor
[[Page 6961]]
airflow and ESP. DOE is proposing to adopt the test tolerances
specified in AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
b. Enclosure for CRACs With Compressors in Indoor Units
DOE's research indicates that most air-cooled CRACs are split
systems with the compressor(s) housed in the indoor unit. Additionally,
water-cooled and glycol-cooled CRACs are typically single-package
systems, and all components in such systems are typically intended for
indoor installation. Where the compressor is installed in relation to
the conditioned space and other system components impacts the capacity
of the system and the provisions necessary for accurately measuring
system capacity, because waste heat from the compressor is transferred
to the surrounding air. Section 6.1.5 of ASHRAE 37-2009 states that an
enclosure as shown in Figure 3 of the standard must be used when the
compressor is housed in the indoor section (i.e., indoor unit) and
separately ventilated (i.e., air that absorbs compressor heat would not
combine with supply air, which is used to measure capacity). Figure 3
shows an insulated enclosure surrounding the indoor unit that ensures
that the separately ventilated compressor air recombines with supply
air to be included in capacity measurements. Hence, the heat rejected
from the compressor shell is accounted for in the indoor air enthalpy
method measurement. This test arrangement also reflects field
performance of the air conditioner to the extent that any compressor
heat rejected to the indoors will heat the space, thereby reducing
cooling capacity and increasing heating capacity. For systems where the
compressor is in the indoor section but not separately ventilated, the
air that absorbs compressor heat combines with supply air and is
accounted for in the indoor air enthalpy method capacity measurements
without the need for the enclosure in Figure 3. In the 2017 ASHRAE TP
RFI, DOE requested comment on whether it is appropriate to incorporate
the impact of compressor heat in sensible capacity measurements for
CRACs with compressors housed in their indoor units. 82 FR 34427, 34433
(July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that the heat released from the compressor
shell is not significant. AHRI further commented that both the hot and
cold sections of the compressor are typically exposed to the unit
airstream, and, therefore, that compressor heat (if any) is already
included in the sensible capacity measurement of CRACs. Similarly, in
units where the compressor is in a separate compartment, AHRI stated
that the negative air pressure of the adjacent evaporator usually pulls
the compressor heat, if any, into the airstream. (AHRI, No. 11 at p.
6).
Section 5.4 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies requirements for when
an enclosure as shown in Figure 3 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 must be used
for testing CRACs. Specifically, Section 5.4.1 notes than an enclosure
is required for systems for which the compressor(s) is housed in a part
of the unit that the manufacturer's installation instructions indicate
is intended for indoor installation and the compressor(s) is separately
ventilated from the evaporator or condenser airstream. Additionally,
for systems for which the compressor(s) is housed in a part of the unit
that the manufacturer's installation instructions indicate is intended
for indoor installation, but the compressor(s) is not separately
ventilated--Section 5.4.2 states that an enclosure must be used if the
required heat balance between the primary and secondary capacity
measurements cannot be achieved. In light of the provisions in AHRI
1360-202X Draft regarding enclosures for CRACs with compressors in the
indoor unit, DOE surmises that AHRI's original position on these
provisions, as set forth in the comments in response to the July 2017
ASHRAE TP RFI, changed during the course of developing that industry
consensus standard. DOE is proposing to adopt the provisions regarding
enclosures for CRACs with compressors in the indoor unit specified in
Section 5.4 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
c. Secondary Methods for Capacity Measurement
Section 7.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2005 (which is referenced by ANSI/
ASHRAE 127-2007, which is incorporated by reference in DOE's current
test procedure) and Section 7.2.1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 (which is
referenced by all CRAC industry test standards published after 2009)
both require that when testing equipment with a total cooling capacity
less than 135,000 Btu/h, simultaneous capacity tests must be conducted
using the indoor air enthalpy method as the primary method and one
other applicable method as the secondary method.\17\ Specifically,
these other applicable test methods include the outdoor air enthalpy
method, the compressor calibration method, the refrigerant enthalpy
method, and the outdoor liquid coil method. Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-
2005 and Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 specify which of these test
methods are applicable for each equipment configuration and method of
heat rejection in cooling mode. Additionally, Section 10.1.2 of these
standards requires that the total cooling capacity values calculated
from the two simultaneously conducted methods agree within 6.0 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 does not require secondary capacity
measurements for equipment with cooling capacity greater than or
equal to 135,000 Btu/h.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The secondary test method is mainly used to validate the accuracy
of the capacity measurements. Specifically, the secondary test method
ensures that all energy flowing into and out from the system are
accounted for. If the measured total cooling capacity is verified to be
accurate by using a secondary test method, the measured sensible
cooling capacity using the indoor air enthalpy method likewise would be
accurate, thereby ensuring results that are appropriately
representative of equipment operation during an average use cycle.
In the 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE sought comment on whether a
secondary test is appropriate for testing CRACs, for what range of
cooling capacity such a requirement should apply for CRACs, how the
requirement should be applied, what level of agreement should be
required, and whether there would be a significant additional test
burden resulting from a secondary test. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July 25,
2017).
In response, AHRI stated that it is not aware of a secondary test
that confirms sensible cooling capacity specifically. AHRI recommended
that DOE not adopt a secondary test requirement for CRACs until such
time as an appropriate test method is developed and proven to be
accurate. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 5)
AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes requirements for conducting secondary
methods of total capacity measurement for CRACs. More specifically,
Section E7.2 of Appendix E of AHRI 1360-202X Draft sets forth equipment
configurations for which secondary measurements are not required, but
for all other configurations, it requires use of one of the applicable
``Group B'' methods specified in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 as a
secondary method.\18\ Section E7.4 of Appendix E
[[Page 6962]]
of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies a requirement on agreement between
total capacity measurements (for applicable equipment)--the secondary
capacity measurement must be within 6 percent of the primary capacity
measurement. In light of the provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft
regarding secondary methods for capacity measurement, DOE surmises
AHRI's original position on these provisions, as set forth in the
comments in response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, changed during the
course of developing that industry consensus standard. DOE is proposing
to adopt the provisions regarding secondary methods specified in
Section E7 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ Specifically, Section E7.2 of Appendix E of AHRI 1360-202X
Draft includes the following requirements: For the following
equipment, no secondary measurements are required: (1) Single-
package evaporatively-cooled equipment with rated cooling capacity
greater than or equal to 135,000 Btu/h and (2) air-cooled single-
package equipment with outdoor airflow rates (either manufacturer-
specified or determined via testing) above 9,000 scfm. For all other
equipment, use one of the applicable ``Group B'' methods specified
in Table 1 of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 as a secondary method for capacity
measurement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Ducted Condensers
CRACs with condensers or condensing units intended for indoor
installation may require ducting of outdoor air. As part of the July
2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE requested comment on how to set up the
condenser airflow when testing CRACs manufactured with condenser air
inlet and outlet connections and high-static condenser fans (which is
indicative of units that can be installed indoors with the condenser
inlet air ducted from the outdoors to the unit, and vice versa for the
condenser outlet air). Additionally, DOE requested comment on whether
some CRACs can be installed with or without condenser ducting, and if
so, how often these units are typically installed with condenser
ducting. DOE also sought comment on whether certain CRAC configurations
are more likely to be installed with condenser ducting. 82 FR 34427,
34434 (July 25, 2017).
In response, AHRI stated that the condenser airflow is established
and measured in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009 and ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2012, and that a two-step process is required when testing in
psychrometric rooms without an outdoor air measurement chamber. (AHRI,
No. 11 at p. 7) AHRI also commented that manufacturers do not know what
percentage of CRACs with indoor condensers are ducted in the field, but
that all units with indoor condensers are capable of being ducted and
are rated with an ESP consistent with the requirements in Section
6.2.4.5 of AHRI 1360-2016.\19\ AHRI further stated that 99 percent of
air-cooled floor-mounted CRACs utilize outdoor free air discharge
condensers and that only 1 percent of units are installed with indoor
ducted condensers. However, AHRI stated that indoor ducted condensers
are more prevalent for air-cooled ceiling-mounted CRACs (20 percent).
Additionally, AHRI argued that due to space constraints, as well as
larger condenser fan motors, ceiling-mounted CRACs with ducted
condensers should have lower minimum efficiency levels. AHRI stated
that it will develop a proposal regarding efficiency levels to be
included in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for ceiling-mounted CRACs with ducted
condensers in the near future. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ Section 6.2.4.5 of AHRI 1360-2016 specifies that for
products intended to be installed with the outdoor airflow ducted,
the unit shall be installed with outdoor coil ductwork installed per
manufacturer installation instructions and shall operate at 0.5 in
H2O ESP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes provisions for testing CRACs with
ducted condensers. Specifically, Table 6 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
provides the following outdoor air ESP requirements for units with
ducted condensers: 0.5 in H2O \20\ for ceiling-mounted
units, and 0.0 in H2O for all other configurations. Further,
Section E6 of Appendix E of AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies test
provisions for setting outdoor airflow and outdoor air ESP for units
with ducted condensers. In light of the provisions in AHRI 1360-202X
Draft regarding testing CRACs with ducted condensers, DOE surmises that
the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft represents industry
consensus regarding the most appropriate and representative method for
testing CRACs with ducted condensers. DOE is proposing to adopt the
provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft regarding testing CRACs with ducted
condensers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ The symbol ``in H2O'' refers to inches of water
column.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding AHRI's comment about stringency of minimum efficiency
levels for ceiling-mounted CRACs with ducted condensers, DOE notes that
minimum efficiency levels for ceiling-mounted CRACs (including separate
levels for units with and without ducted condensers) are included in
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019. DOE is evaluating the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-
2019 minimum efficiency levels for CRACs in a separate energy
conservation standards rulemaking (see Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-STD-
0008).
6. Minimum External Static Pressure Requirements
In the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE noted that ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007
(which is referenced by the current DOE test procedure), ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2012, and AHRI 1360-2016 all contain different minimum ESP
specifications. 82 FR 34427, 34433 (July 25, 2017). DOE noted that the
2007 and 2012 versions of ANSI/ASHRAE 127 contain the same minimum ESP
levels but use different definitions to determine which minimum ESP
level applies for a given unit. Specifically, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2012
defines ``ducted systems'' as ``air conditioners intended to be
connected to supply and/or return ductwork'' instead of ``to supply and
return ductwork,'' as specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007. Additionally,
DOE observed that the ESP requirements specified in AHRI 1360-2016 for
up-flow ducted and down-flow configurations are significantly lower
than those specified in ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2012. DOE further stated that
it was considering adopting the test procedures and the ESP
requirements specified in AHRI 1360-2016, but sought input on whether
the ESP requirements specified in AHRI 1360-2016 are representative of
field operation for floor-mounted CRACs. 82 FR 34433-34434 (July 25,
2017).
In response, AHRI commented that while there are some unusual
circumstances where excessive ducting is required, the ESP requirements
specified in AHRI 1360-2016 are representative of most applications.
(AHRI, No. 11 at p. 6)
AHRI 1360-202X Draft specifies indoor air ESP requirements in Table
5 for all configurations of CRACs. The ESP requirements specified for
floor-mounted CRACs in Table 5 align with those specified in AHRI 1360-
2016, except that the capacity boundaries for ESP requirements for up-
flow ducted units increased from 65,000 Btu/h and 240,000 Btu/h to
80,000 Btu/h and 295,000 Btu/h, respectively. This increase in capacity
boundaries reflects the increase in NSCC associated with the increased
return air temperature for up-flow ducted units in the NSenCOP metric,
as compared to the SCOP metric (see section III.E.1.a of this NOPR for
further discussion of the indoor entering air temperature conditions
for NSenCOP). ESP requirements for ceiling-mounted CRACs are discussed
in section III.F.2 of this NOPR, and ESP requirements for wall-mounted
and roof-mounted CRACs are discussed in section III.F.3 of this NOPR.
DOE surmises that the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft
represents industry consensus regarding the most appropriate and
representative ESP requirements for testing CRACs. DOE is not proposing
any deviations from the ESP requirements specified in Table 5 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft.
[[Page 6963]]
7. Refrigerant Charging Instructions
The amount of refrigerant charge in an air conditioner can have a
significant impact on the system performance. DOE's current test
procedure for CRACs requires that units be set up for test in
accordance with the manufacturer installation and operation manuals. 10
CFR 431.96(e). In addition, the current DOE test procedure states that
if the manufacturer specifies a range of superheat, sub-cooling, and/or
refrigerant pressures in the installation and operation manual, any
value within that range may be used to determine refrigerant charge,
unless the manufacturer clearly specifies a rating value in its
installation or operation manual, in which case the specified value
shall be used. 10 CFR 431.96(e)(1). The current DOE test procedure does
not provide charging instructions if the manufacturer does not provide
instructions in the manual that is shipped with the unit or if the
provided instructions are unclear or incomplete.
As part of the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE noted that neither the
ASHRAE nor the AHRI test standards for CRACs (published at the time of
the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI) include specific instructions for
refrigerant charging. 82 FR 34427, 34434 (July 25, 2017). In a June 8,
2016 final rule for the test procedure for central air conditioners and
heat pumps (CACs/HPs), DOE further stated that the Federal test
procedure for CACs/HPs provides a comprehensive approach for
refrigerant charging intended to improve test reproducibility.\21\ 81
FR 36992, 37030-37031. Specifically, DOE noted in the July 2017 ASHRAE
TP RFI that the approach for CACs/HPs indicates which set of
installation instructions to use for charging, explains what to do if
there are no instructions, indicates that target values of parameters
are the centers of the range allowed by installation instructions, and
specifies tolerances for the measured values. DOE requested comment on
which refrigerant charging requirements should be considered to
establish reproducible test results for CRACs, and whether the approach
for CACs/HPs would be appropriate for CRACs. DOE also requested comment
on the operating conditions at which CRAC units are typically charged
in the field and/or what conditions should be used to set refrigerant
charge for testing purposes. 82 FR 34427, 34434-34435 (July 25, 2017).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ The currently applicable test procedure for CACs/HPs is
located at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix M.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response, AHRI commented that refrigerant charging should be
based on the manufacturer's instructions, and that because CRACs are
operated year-round, manufacturers determine the optimum charge for hot
and cold weather operation. (AHRI, No. 11 at p. 8).
Section 5.9 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes a comprehensive set of
provisions regarding refrigerant charging for CRACs that is generally
consistent with the approach for CACs/HPs currently in DOE's
regulations. Specifically, Section 5.9 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft requires
that units be charged at conditions specified by the manufacturer in
accordance with the manufacturer installation instructions or labels
applied to the unit, which is consistent with AHRI's comment. If there
are no manufacturer-specified charging conditions, Section 5.9 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft specifies charging at the standard rating conditions
(as defined in Tables 3 and 4 of that test standard). Section 5.9 of
AHRI 1360-202X Draft also provides additional charging instructions to
be used if the manufacturer does not provide instructions or if the
provided instructions are unclear or incomplete (e.g., specifying
default charging targets to use if none are provided by the
manufacturer and specifying an instruction priority to be used in the
event of conflicting information between multiple manufacturer-provided
charging instructions). In light of the provisions in AHRI 1360-202X
Draft, DOE surmises that the approach provided in AHRI 1360-202X Draft
represents industry consensus regarding the most appropriate and
representative approach for refrigerant charging for testing CRACs. DOE
is not proposing any deviations from the refrigerant charging
provisions specified in Section 5.9 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
G. Configuration of Unit Under Test
CRACs are distributed in commerce in a variety of configurations
consisting of different combinations of components. The following
sections address the required configuration of units under test.
1. Specific Components
An Appliance Standards and Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee
(ASRAC) working group for certain commercial heating, ventilating, and
air conditioning (HVAC) equipment (Commercial HVAC Working Group),\22\
which included CRACs, submitted a term sheet (Commercial HVAC Term
Sheet) providing the Commercial HVAC Working Group's recommendations.
(Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0023, No. 52) \23\ The Commercial HVAC
Working Group recommended that DOE issue guidance under current
regulations on how to test certain equipment features when included in
a basic model, until the testing of such features can be addressed
through a test procedure rulemaking. The Commercial HVAC Term Sheet
listed the subject features under the heading ``Equipment Features
Requiring Test Procedure Action.'' (Id. at pp. 3-9) The Commercial HVAC
Working Group also recommended that DOE issue an enforcement policy
stating that DOE would exclude certain equipment with specified
features from Departmental testing, but only when the manufacturer
offers for sale at all times a model without that feature but that is
identical in terms of all other features; otherwise, the model with
that feature would be eligible for Departmental testing. These features
were listed under the heading ``Equipment Features Subject to
Enforcement Policy.'' (Id. at pp. 9-15)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ In 2013, members of ASRAC formed the Commercial HVAC
Working Group to engage in a negotiated rulemaking effort regarding
the certification of certain commercial HVAC equipment, including
CRACs. The Commercial HVAC Working Group's recommendations are
available at www.regulations.gov under Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-
0023-0052.
\23\ Available at www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0023-0052.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On January 30, 2015, DOE issued a Commercial HVAC Enforcement
Policy addressing the treatment of specific features during
Departmental testing of commercial HVAC equipment. (See www.energy.gov/gc/downloads/commercial-equipment-testing-enforcement-policies) The
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy stated that--for the purposes of
assessment testing pursuant to 10 CFR 429.104, verification testing
pursuant to 10 CFR 429.70(c)(5), and enforcement testing pursuant to 10
CFR 429.110--DOE would not test a unit with one of the optional
features listed for a specified equipment type if a manufacturer
distributes in commerce an otherwise identical unit that does not
include one of the optional features. (Id at p. 1) The objective of the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy is to ensure that each basic model
has a commercially-available version eligible for DOE testing, meaning
that each basic model includes either a model without the optional
feature(s) or a model with the optional features that is eligible for
testing. Id. The features in the Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy for
CRACs align with the Commercial HVAC Term Sheet's list designated
[[Page 6964]]
``Equipment Features Subject to Enforcement Policy.''
AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes Appendix D, ``Unit Configuration for
Standard Efficiency Determination--Normative.'' Section D2 of that
appendix includes a list of features that are optional for testing.
Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft further specifies the following
general provisions regarding testing of units with optional features:
If an otherwise identical model (within the same basic
model) without the feature is distributed in commerce, test the
otherwise identical model.
If an otherwise identical model (within the same basic
model) without the feature is not distributed in commerce, conduct
tests with the feature present but configured and de-activated so as to
minimize (partially or totally) the impact on the results of the test
(as determined per the provisions in section D2). Alternatively, the
manufacturer may indicate in the supplemental testing instructions that
the test shall be conducted using a specially built otherwise identical
unit that is not distributed in commerce and does not have the feature.
The optional features provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft are
generally consistent with DOE's Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy, but
the list of optional features in Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft
does not align with the list of features included for CRACs in the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy. For CRACs, the Commercial HVAC
Enforcement Policy specifies two optional features (high-static
condenser fan/motor assembly and dehumidification components) which are
not included in the optional features section in Section D2 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft. DOE understands AHRI 1360-202X Draft to represent the
industry consensus position on testing CRACs. As such, DOE understands
the industry consensus to be that these two features should not be
treated as optional features for CRACs.
Additionally, unlike Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, DOE's
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy does not allow a manufacturer to
test a specially-built otherwise identical model for testing models
without a feature that are not distributed in commerce. Because testing
such specially-built models would not provide ratings representative of
equipment distributed in commerce, DOE has tentatively concluded that
this option is not appropriate. Therefore, consistent with the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy, DOE is not proposing to include
this option for testing specially-built units in its representation and
enforcement provisions.
DOE notes that the list of features and provisions in Section D2 of
Appendix D of AHRI 1360-202X Draft conflates features that can be
addressed by testing provisions with features that warrant enforcement
relief (i.e., features that, if present on a unit under test, could
have a substantive impact on test results and that cannot be disabled
or otherwise mitigated). This differentiation was central to the
Commercial HVAC Term Sheet, which as noted previously, included
separate lists for ``Equipment Features Requiring Test Procedure
Action'' and ``Equipment Features Subject to Enforcement Policy,'' and
remains central to providing clarity in DOE's regulations. Further,
provisions more explicit than what is included in Section D2 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft are warranted to clarify the differences between how
specific components must be treated when manufacturers are making
representations as opposed to when DOE is conducting enforcement
testing.
In order to provide clarity between test procedure provisions
(i.e., how to test a specific unit) and representation and enforcement
provisions (e.g., which model to test), DOE is not proposing to adopt
Sections D1 and D2 of Appendix D of AHRI 1360-202X Draft but instead is
proposing to adopt related provisions in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1, in 10 CFR 429.43, and in 10 CFR 429.134, without any
substantive change to the requirements, except as discussed
subsequently regarding coated coils and previously regarding specially-
built units.
Specifically, in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, DOE
proposes test procedure provisions for specific components, including
the components listed in section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft for which
there is a unique test procedure action (i.e., test procedure
provisions specific to the component that are not addressed by general
provisions in AHRI 1360-202X Draft to test per manufacturers'
installation instructions).\24\ These provisions would specify how to
test a unit with such a component. For example, for a unit with an air
economizer factory-installed, place the economizer in the 100-percent
return position and close and seal the outside air dampers for testing.
These proposed test provisions are consistent with the provision in
Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, but include revisions for further
clarity and specificity (e.g., adding clarifying provisions for how to
test units with modular economizers, as opposed to units shipped with
economizers installed).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ For the following components listed in Section D2 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft, DOE has tentatively concluded that there is not a
specific test procedure action to be specified for testing a unit
with the component present: Powered exhaust/powered return air fans,
coated coils, compressor variable frequency drive (VFD), flooded
condenser head pressure controls, and condensate pump.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consistent with the Commercial HVAC Term Sheet and the Commercial
HVAC Enforcement Policy, in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4), DOE is proposing
provisions that would allow determination of represented values to be
based on an individual model distributed in commerce without the
component in specific cases. The components to which these provisions
apply are limited to those components for which the test provisions for
testing a unit with these components may result in differences in
ratings compared to testing a unit without these components.\25\ For
these components, DOE proposes in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4) that:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ DOE has tentatively concluded that for the following
features included in Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, testing a
unit with these components in accordance with the proposed test
provisions would not result in differences in ratings compared to
testing a unit without these components. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing to include these features in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4): High-
effectiveness indoor air filtration, harmonic distortion mitigation
devices, electric reheat elements, and non-standard power
transformer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If a basic model includes only individual models
distributed in commerce with a specific component, or does not include
any otherwise identical individual models without the specific
component, the manufacturer must determine represented values for the
basic model based on performance of an individual model with the
component present (and consistent with any relevant proposed test
procedure provisions in appendix E1).
If a basic model includes both individual models
distributed in commerce with a specific component and otherwise
identical individual models without the specific component, the
manufacturer may determine represented values for the basic model based
on performance of an individual model either with the component present
(and consistent with any relevant proposed test procedure provisions in
appendix E1) or without the component present.
DOE's proposed provisions in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(4) include all of the
optional features (excluding those that pertain only to chilled water
equipment and not to CRACs) specified in Section D2 of AHRI 1360-202X
Draft for which the
[[Page 6965]]
test provisions for testing a unit with these components may result in
differences in ratings compared to testing a unit without these
components, except coated coils. DOE is proposing to exclude coated
coils from the specific components list specified in 10 CFR 429.43
because DOE has tentatively concluded that the presence of coated coils
does not result in a significant impact to performance of CRACs, and,
therefore, that models with coated coils should be rated based on
performance of models with coated coils.
DOE notes that in some cases, individual models may include
multiples of the specified components or there may be individual models
within a basic model that include various versions of the specified
components that result in more or less energy use. In these cases, the
represented values of performance must be representative of the lowest
efficiency found within the basic model.
Also consistent with the Commercial HVAC Term Sheet and the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy, in 10 CFR 429.134(g), DOE is
proposing provisions regarding how DOE would assess compliance for
basic models that include individual models distributed in commerce
with specific components.
If a basic model includes only individual models
distributed in commerce with a specific component, or does not include
any otherwise identical individual models without the specific
component, DOE may assess compliance for the basic model based on
testing an individual model with the component present (and consistent
with any relevant proposed test procedure provisions in appendix E1).
If a basic model includes both individual models
distributed in commerce with a specific component and otherwise
identical individual models without the specific component, DOE will
assess compliance for the basic model based on testing of an otherwise
identical model within the basic model that does not include the
component, except if DOE is not able to obtain such a model for
testing. In such a case, DOE will assess compliance for the basic model
based on testing of an individual model with the specific component
present (and consistent with any relevant proposed test procedure
provisions in appendix E1).
Were DOE to adopt the provisions in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1, 10 CFR 429.43, and 10 CFR 429.134 as proposed, DOE would
rescind the Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy to the extent it is
applicable to CRACs. In a separate certification rulemaking, DOE may
consider certification reporting requirements such that manufacturers
would be required to certify which otherwise identical models are used
for making representations of basic models that include individual
models with specific components.
Issue 4: DOE seeks comment on its proposals regarding specific
components in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, 10 CFR 429.43,
and 10 CFR 429.134.
2. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors
The Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy includes high-static indoor
blowers/oversized motors as an optional feature for CRACs, among other
equipment. The Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy states that when
selecting a unit of a basic model for DOE[hyphen]initiated testing, if
the basic model includes a variety of high-static indoor blowers or
oversized motor options,\26\ DOE will test a unit that has a standard
indoor fan assembly (as described in the STI that is part of the
manufacturer's certification, including information about the standard
motor and associated drive that was used in determining the certified
rating). This policy only applies where: (a) The manufacturer
distributes in commerce a model within the basic model with the
standard indoor fan assembly (i.e., standard motor and drive), and (b)
all models in the basic model have a motor with the same or better
relative efficiency performance as the standard motor included in the
test unit, as described in a separate guidance document discussed
subsequently. If the manufacturer does not offer models with the
standard motor identified in the STI or offers models with high-static
motors that do not comply with the comparable efficiency guidance, DOE
will test any indoor fan assembly offered for sale by the manufacturer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ The Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy defines ``high
static indoors blower or oversized motor'' as an assembly that
drives the fan and can deliver higher external static pressure than
the standard indoor fan assembly sold with the equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE subsequently issued a draft guidance document (``Draft
Commercial HVAC Guidance Document'') on June 29, 2015 to request
comment on a method for comparing the efficiencies of a standard motor
and a high-static indoor blower/oversized motor.\27\ As presented in
the Draft Commercial HVAC Guidance Document, the relative efficiency of
an indoor fan motor would be determined by comparing the percent losses
of the standard indoor fan motor to the percent losses of the non-
standard (oversized) indoor fan motor. The percent losses would be
determined by comparing each motor's wattage losses to the wattage
losses of a corresponding reference motor. Additionally, the draft
method contains a table that includes a number of situations with
different combinations of characteristics of the standard motor and
oversized motor (e.g, whether each motor is subject to Federal
standards for motors, whether each motor can be tested to the Federal
test procedure for motors, whether each motor horsepower is less than
one) and specifies for each combination whether the non-standard fan
enforcement policy would apply (i.e., whether DOE would not test a
model with an oversized motor, as long as the relative efficiency of
the oversized motor is at least as good as performance of the standard
motor). DOE has not issued a final guidance document and is instead
addressing the issue for CRACs in this test procedure rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ Available at www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/pdfs/draft-commercial-hvac-motor-faq-2015-06-29.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes two different
approaches for comparing the efficiency for standard and non-standard
indoor fan motors.\28\ Section D3.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft includes an
approach for directly comparing the efficiency for standard and non-
standard indoor fan motors, and this approach applies for most indoor
fan assemblies. Section D3.2 includes an approach to compare
performance for certain integrated fan and motor (IFM) combinations in
which the motor and fan cannot be separated and/or are not rated
separately.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ Section D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft states that: (1) The
standard indoor fan motor is the motor specified in the
manufacturer's installation instructions by the manufacturer for
testing and shall be distributed in commerce as part of a particular
model; and that (2) a non-standard motor is an indoor fan motor that
is not the standard indoor fan motor and that is distributed in
commerce as part of an individual model within the same Basic Model.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section D3.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft requires that in order for the
individual model with the non-standard indoor fan motor to be certified
within the same basic model as the individual model with the standard
indoor fan motor, the non-standard indoor fan motor must be more
efficient than the minimum value calculated using Equation D1 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft. This minimum non-standard motor efficiency calculation
is dependent on the efficiency of the standard fan motor and the
reference efficiencies (determined per Table D1 of AHRI 1360-202X
Draft) of the standard and non-standard fan motors.
[[Page 6966]]
Section D3.2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft contains a method for
comparing performance of IFMs. Because the motor in an IFM is not
separately rated from the fan, this method compares the performance of
the entire fan-motor assembly for the standard and non-standard IFMs,
rather than just the fan motors. This approach enables comparison of
the relative performance of standard and non-standard IFMs, for which
motor efficiencies could otherwise not be compared using the method
specified in Section D3.1 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft. Specifically, this
method determines the ratio of the input power of the non-standard IFM
to the input power of the standard IFM at the same duty point, as
defined in Section D3.2 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft (i.e., operating at the
maximum external static pressure for the standard IFM at the rated
airflow). If the input power ratio does not exceed the maximum ratio
specified in Table D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, the individual model
with the non-standard IFM may be certified within the same basic model
as the individual model with the standard IFM. Section D3.2 of AHRI
1360-202X Draft allows these calculations to be conducted using either
test data or simulated performance data.
The approaches in Section D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft for non-
standard indoor fan motors and IFMs generally align with the approaches
of the Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy and the Draft Commercial HVAC
Guidance Document, while providing greater detail and accommodating a
wider range of fan motor options. DOE also has tentatively determined
that Section D3 of Appendix D of AHRI 1360-202X Draft would more fully
provide the guidance intended by the Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy
with regard to non-standard indoor fan motors.
DOE proposes to adopt the provisions in Section D3 of AHRI 1360-
202X Draft for comparing performance of standard and non-standard
indoor fan motors and IFMs in the proposed appendix E1.\29\
Additionally, DOE proposes to adopt the provisions in Section D3 of
Appendix D of AHRI 1360-202X Draft for the determination of the
represented efficiency value of CRACs at 10 CFR 429.43(a)(3)(v)(C) and
for DOE assessment and enforcement testing of CRACs at 10 CFR
429.134(s)(1). Were DOE to adopt the references to section D3 of
Appendix D of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, as proposed, DOE would rescind the
Commercial HVAC Enforcement Policy to the extent it is applicable to
CRACs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ Per DOE's existing certification regulations, if a
manufacturer were to use the proposed approach to certify a basic
model, the manufacturer would be required to maintain documentation
of how the relative efficiencies of the standard and non-standard
fan motors or the input powers of the standard and non-standard IFMs
were determined, as well as the supporting calculations. See 10 CFR
429.71.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Issue 5: DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the methods
for comparing relative efficiency of standard and non-standard indoor
fan motors and integrated fan and motor combinations specified in
Section D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the proposed test procedure in 10
CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, as well as in provisions for
determination of represented values in 10 CFR 429.43(a) and provisions
for DOE assessment and enforcement testing in 10 CFR 429.134.
H. General Comments
In response to the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI, DOE received several
general comments not specific to any one equipment category or test
procedure. This section addresses those comments.
NCI recommended that DOE follow the development of ASHRAE Standard
221P, ``Test Method to Measure and Score the Operating Performance of
an Installed Constant Volume Unitary HVAC System,'' and consider where
it may be appropriately applied within EPCA test procedures. (NCI, No.
4 at pp. 1-2) NCI stated that it has collected data indicating that
typical split systems and packaged units serving residential and small
commercial buildings typically deliver 50 percent to 60 percent of the
rated capacity to the occupied zone, thereby making laboratory tests
unrepresentative of field performance. Id.
As noted in section I.A of this NOPR, EPCA prescribes that if an
industry testing procedure or rating procedure developed or recognized
by industry (as referenced in ASHRAE Standard 90.1) is amended, DOE
must update its test procedure to be consistent with the amended
industry test procedure, unless DOE determines, by rule published in
the Federal Register and supported by clear and convincing evidence,
that such amended test procedure would not meet the requirements in 42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3) related to representative use and test
burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A) and (B)) DOE notes that ASHRAE
Standard 90.1 does not reference ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 221-2020, ``Test
Method to Field-Measure and Score the Cooling and Heating Performance
of an Installed Unitary HVAC System'' \30\ as the applicable test
procedure for CRACs. NCI also did not provide data on field performance
or any correlations between CRAC field performance and laboratory test
performance for DOE to consider. Furthermore, ASHRAE 221-2020 does not
provide a method to determine the efficiency of CRACs. As discussed,
DOE is proposing to adopt the substance of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, either
through incorporation by reference of the final version of the update
to AHRI 1360 as published, or by specifying the substance of the
relevant test procedure provisions in the CFR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\30\ Found online at www.webstore.ansi.org/Standards/ASHRAE/ANSIASHRAEStandard2212020. ASHRAE Standard 221P was the name of the
proposed standard prior to publication. However, after publication,
the name of that standard became ASHRAE Standard 221-2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CA IOUs commented that while the July 2017 ASHRAE TP RFI
expressed interest in reducing burden to manufacturers, DOE already
took steps to reduce burden by allowing alternative energy efficiency
or energy use determination methods (AEDMs). (CA IOUs, No. 7 at pp. 1-
2) The CA IOUs expressed their view that there are no further
opportunities to streamline test procedures to limit testing burden.
Id. Additionally, the CA IOUs emphasized the importance of accurate
efficiency ratings for its incentive programs and customer knowledge,
pointing to the statutory provision that test procedures must produce
results that are representative of the product's energy efficiency.
(Id.)
Lennox stated that it generally supports DOE meeting the statutory
requirements to design test procedures to measure energy efficiency
during an average use cycle, but in doing so, the commenter requested
that DOE also consider overall impacts on consumers and manufacturers.
(Lennox, No. 8 at pp. 1-2). The commenter stated that in commercial
applications, predicting actual energy use from a single metric is
difficult and that a metric better serves as a point of comparison.
(Id.) Lennox suggested that DOE should strike a balance between
evaluating equipment in a meaningful way without introducing
unwarranted regulatory burden from overly complex test procedures or
calculations that provide little value to consumers. (Id.)
In response to the CA IOUs and Lennox, DOE notes that its approach
to test procedures is largely dictated by the requirements of EPCA. As
discussed, EPCA prescribes that the test procedures for commercial
package air conditioning and heating equipment must be those
[[Page 6967]]
generally accepted industry testing procedures or rating procedures
developed or recognized by industry as referenced in ASHRAE Standard
90.1. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) If such relevant industry test
procedure is amended, DOE must update its test procedure to be
consistent with the amended industry consensus test procedure, unless
DOE determines, by rule published in the Federal Register and supported
by clear and convincing evidence, that the amended test procedure would
not meet the requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3) related to
representative use and test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B)) In
establishing or amending its test procedures, DOE must develop test
procedures that are reasonably designed to produce test results which
reflect energy efficiency, energy use, and estimated operating costs of
a type of industrial equipment during a representative average use
cycle and that are not unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(2)). DOE's considerations of these requirements in relation to
individual test method issues are discussed within the relevant
sections of this NOPR.
The Joint Advocates stated that there are ambiguities in industry
test procedures, and these commenters recommended that DOE should
address these ambiguities in order to provide a level playing field for
manufacturers and to ensure that any verification or enforcement
testing is consistent with manufacturers' own testing. (Joint
Advocates, No. 9 at p. 2)
In response, DOE notes that the Joint Advocates did not identify
any specific test provisions that were the cause of their concern. In
the context of the test procedure for CRACs, DOE has carefully and
thoroughly evaluated the industry test standard in the context of the
statutory criteria regarding representativeness of the measured energy
efficiency and test burden. To the extent there are provisions in the
relevant industry test procedure that may benefit from further detail,
such provisions are discussed in the previous sections of this
document. DOE welcomes further stakeholder input on this topic, as
necessary.
I. Represented Values
1. Multiple Refrigerants
DOE recognizes that some commercial package air conditioning and
heating equipment may be sold with more than one refrigerant option
(e.g., R-410A or R-407C). Typically, manufacturers specify a single
refrigerant in their literature for each unique model, but in its
review, DOE has identified at least one CRAC manufacturer that provides
two refrigerant options under the same model number. The refrigerant
chosen by the customer in the field installation may impact the energy
efficiency of a unit. For this reason, DOE is proposing representation
requirements applicable to models approved for use with multiple
refrigerants. So that the proposals in this NOPR would only require
manufacturers to update representations once, DOE proposes to align the
compliance date for these representation requirements with the proposed
metric change (i.e., these proposals would only be required when
certifying to amended standards in terms of NSenCOP).
Use of a refrigerant (such as R-407C as compared to R-410A) that
requires different hardware (i.e., compressors, heat exchangers, or air
moving systems that are not the same or comparably performing) would
represent a different basic model, and according to current DOE
regulations, separate representations of energy efficiency are required
for each basic model. 10 CFR 429.43(a) In contrast, some refrigerants
(such as R-422D, R-427A) do not require different hardware, and a
manufacturer may consider them to be the same basic model, per DOE's
current definition for ``basic model'' at 10 CFR 431.92. In the latter
case of a CRAC with multiple refrigerant options that do not require
different hardware, DOE proposes that a manufacturer must determine the
represented values in the proposed new section 10 CFR
429.43(a)(3)(v)(A) (e.g., NSenCOP and net sensible cooling capacity)
for that basic model based on the refrigerant(s)--among all
refrigerants listed on the unit's nameplate--that result in the lowest
cooling efficiency. These represented values would apply to the basic
model for all refrigerants specified by the manufacturer as appropriate
for use, regardless of which refrigerant is actually used in the field.
Issue 6: DOE requests comment on its proposal regarding
representations for CRAC basic models approved for use with multiple
refrigerants.
2. Net Sensible Cooling Capacity
For CRACs, NSCC determines equipment class, which in turn
determines the applicable energy conservation standard. 10 CFR 431.97.
While NSCC is a required represented value for CRACs, DOE does not
currently specify any provisions for CRACs regarding how close the
represented value of NSCC must be to the tested or AEDM-simulated NSCC,
or whether DOE will use measured or certified NSCC to determine
equipment class for enforcement testing. In contrast, at paragraphs
(a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2)(ii) of 10 CFR 429.43 and paragraph (g) of 10 CFR
429.134, DOE specifies such provisions regarding the cooling capacity
for air-cooled CUACs (ACUACs). Because energy conservation standards
for CRACs are dependent on NSCC, inconsistent approaches to the
application of NSCC between basic models could result in inconsistent
determinations of equipment class and, in turn, inconsistent
applications of the energy conservation standards.
Consequently, DOE is proposing to add the following provisions
regarding NSCC for CRACs: (1) A requirement that the represented NSCC
be between 95 percent and 100 percent of the tested or AEDM-simulated
NSCC; and (2) an enforcement provision stating that DOE would use the
mean of measured NSCC values from testing, rather than the certified
NSCC, to determine the applicable standards.
First, DOE proposes to require in 10 CFR 429.43(a)(3)(v)(B) that
the represented value of NSCC must be between 95 percent and 100
percent of the mean of the NSCC values measured for the units in the
sample (if determined through testing), or between 95 percent and 100
percent of the NSCC output simulated by an AEDM. This tolerance would
help to ensure that equipment is capable of performing at the cooling
capacity for which it is represented to commercial consumers, while
also enabling manufacturers to conservatively rate the cooling capacity
to allow for minor variations in the capacity measurements from
different units tested at different laboratories.
Second, DOE is proposing in its product-specific enforcement
provisions at 10 CFR 429.134(s)(1) that the NSCC of each tested unit of
the basic model will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of
10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1 and that the mean of the
measurement(s) will be used to determine the applicable standard for
compliance purposes.
As discussed, determination of the applicable energy conservation
standard for CRACs is dependent on the rated NSCC. Specifically, the
standards for CRACs generally decrease in stringency with increasing
NSCC (i.e., equipment classes with higher NSCC ranges have lower
standards than equipment classes with lower NSCC ranges). Consequently,
over-rating a system could result in decreased stringency by
incorrectly applying a more lenient standard prescribed for a higher
NSCC equipment class. DOE has tentatively concluded that these
proposals would result in
[[Page 6968]]
more accurate ratings of NSCC, thereby ensuring application of the
appropriate energy conservation standards, while providing
manufacturers the flexibility to conservatively rate NSCC so as to
provide reasonable certainty that the subject equipment is capable of
delivering the NSCC represented to commercial consumers.
Issue 7: DOE requests comment on its proposals related to
represented values and verification testing of NSCC for CRACs.
3. Validation Class for Glycol-Cooled CRACs
DOE's existing testing regulations allow the use of an AEDM, in
lieu of actual testing, to simulate the efficiency of CRACs. 10 CFR
429.43(a). In the AEDM requirements for CRACs in 10 CFR 429.70, the
table itemizing validation classes for commercial HVAC equipment
inadvertently omits glycol-cooled CRACs. For this reason and because
DOE understands glycol-cooled CRACs to be similar in design to water-
cooled CRACs, DOE is proposing to include glycol-cooled CRACs in the
existing validation class for water-cooled CRACs at 10 CFR
429.70(c)(2)(iv). Specifically, DOE proposes at 10 CFR 429.70(c)(2)(iv)
that the minimum number of distinct water-cooled and/or glycol-cooled
models that must be tested per AEDM would be two basic models, which
aligns with the ``two basic model'' requirement that currently applies
to the water-cooled CRACs validation class.
J. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend the existing test procedure for
CRACs, by adopting the substance of the latest draft version of the
applicable industry test method, AHRI 1360-202X Draft, including the
energy efficiency metric, NSenCOP. To the extent that AHRI 1360 is
finalized consistent with the draft, DOE proposes to incorporate the
industry test standard by reference. If there are substantive changes
between the draft and published versions of AHRI 1360, DOE may adopt
the substance of AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide additional opportunity
for comment. DOE also proposes to amend its representation and
enforcement provisions for CRACs.
DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments in this
NOPR would improve the representativeness, accuracy, and
reproducibility of the test results and would not be unduly burdensome
for manufacturers to conduct or result in increased testing cost as
compared to the current test procedure. Because the current DOE test
procedure for CRACs would be relocated to appendix E without change,
the proposed test procedure in appendix E for measuring SCOP would
result in no change in testing practices.
Should DOE adopt standards in a future energy conservation
standards rulemaking in terms of the new metric (NSenCOP), the proposed
test procedure in appendix E1 for measuring NSenCOP (which DOE proposes
to be substantively the same as AHRI 1360-202X Draft) would be
required. DOE has tentatively concluded that this proposed test
procedure would not increase third-party lab testing costs per unit
relative to the current DOE test procedure, which DOE estimates to be
$10,200 for CRACs \31\ for physical testing. However, DOE has
tentatively concluded that the potential adoption of standards
denominated in terms of NSenCOP (and corresponding requirement to use
the proposed test procedure in appendix E1) would alter the measured
energy efficiency for CRACs. Consequently, manufacturers may not be
able to rely on data generated under the current test procedure and
would, therefore, be required to re-rate CRAC models. Once again, in
accordance with 10 CFR 429.70, CRAC manufacturers may elect to use
AEDMs to rate models, which significantly reduces costs to industry.
DOE estimates the per-manufacturer cost to develop and validate an AEDM
for CRACs to be $46,000. DOE estimates a cost of approximately $50 per
basic model \32\ for determining energy efficiency using the validated
AEDM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\31\ Manufacturers are not required to perform laboratory
testing on all basic models. In accordance with 10 CFR 429.70, CRAC
manufacturers may elect to use AEDMs. An AEDM is a computer modeling
or mathematical tool that predicts the performance of non-tested
basic models. These computer modeling and mathematical tools, when
properly developed, can provide a means to predict the energy usage
or efficiency characteristics of a basic model of a given covered
product or equipment and reduce the burden and cost associated with
testing.
\32\ DOE estimated initial costs to validate an AEDM assuming 80
hours of general time to develop an AEDM based on existing
simulation tools and 16 hours to validate two basic models within
that AEDM at the cost of an engineering technician wage of $50 per
hour plus the cost of third-party physical testing of two units per
validation class (as required in 10 CFR 429.70(c)(2)(iv)). DOE
estimated the additional per basic model cost to determine
efficiency using an AEDM, assuming 1 hour per basic model at the
cost of an engineering technician wage of $50 per hour.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that most CRAC manufacturers are AHRI members and that DOE is
proposing to adopt the procedure in the prevailing industry test
procedure that was established for use in AHRI's certification program,
which has already been updated to include NSenCOP, DOE expects that
most manufacturers would already be testing using the published version
of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the timeframe of any potential future
energy conservation standard. Based on this, DOE has tentatively
determined that the proposed test procedure amendments would not be
expected to increase the testing burden on CRAC manufacturers that are
AHRI members. For the minority of CRAC manufacturers that are not
members of AHRI, the proposed test procedure amendments may have costs
associated with model re-rating, to the extent that the manufacturers
would not already be testing to the updated industry test procedure.
Issue 8: DOE requests comment on its understanding of the impact of
the test procedure proposals in this NOPR, specifically DOE's initial
conclusion that the proposed DOE test procedure amendments, if
finalized, would not increase testing burden on most CRAC manufacturers
(i.e., CRAC manufacturers who are AHRI members), compared to current
industry practice as indicated by AHRI 1360-202X Draft, and that those
proposed amendments would not have a significant impact on the
remaining CRAC manufacturers (i.e., CRAC manufacturers who are not AHRI
members).
K. Reserved Appendices for Test Procedures for Commercial Air
Conditioning and Heating Equipment
In this document, DOE proposes to establish new test procedures for
CRACs in the proposed appendix E and new appendix E1 to subpart F of
part 431. This proposed organization of the test procedures would be
consistent with the organization of the test procedures for other
covered equipment and covered products. DOE has tentatively concluded
that providing the test procedures for specific equipment in designated
appendices would improve the readability of the test procedures.
Accordingly, to provide for future consideration of a similar
organization for other commercial package air conditioning and heating
equipment test procedures, DOE is proposing to reserve appendices B
through D. The reserved appendices are intended to facilitate any
potential future reorganization of the regulations and are not an
indication of substantive changes to test procedures for other
commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment.
L. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made in the context of certification and on marketing materials
[[Page 6969]]
and product labels, must be made in accordance with that amended test
procedure, beginning 360 days after publication of such a test
procedure final rule in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1))
CRACs would not be required to be tested according to the test
procedure in the proposed appendix E1 until such time as compliance is
required with an amended energy conservation standard that relies on
the NSenCOP metric, should DOE adopt such a standard.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that this
test procedure rulemaking does not constitute a ``significant
regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866,
``Regulatory Planning and Review,'' 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in
OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) for
any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless the
agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE reviewed
this proposed rule under the provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility
Act and the policies and procedures published on February 19, 2003.
The following sections detail DOE's IRFA for this test procedure
rulemaking.
1. Description of Reasons Why Action Is Being Considered
DOE is proposing to amend the existing DOE test procedures for
CRACs to reflect updates to the relevant industry test standard,
pursuant to the relevant statutory provisions of EPCA.
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
EPCA, as amended, requires that the test procedures for commercial
package air conditioning and heating equipment, which includes CRACs,
be those generally accepted industry testing procedures or rating
procedures developed or recognized by AHRI or by ASHRAE, as referenced
in ASHRAE Standard 90.1. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(A)) Further, if such an
industry test procedure is amended, DOE must amend its test procedure
to be consistent with the amended industry test procedure, unless DOE
determines, by rule published in the Federal Register and supported by
clear and convincing evidence, that such amended test procedure would
not meet the requirements in 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2) and (3) related to
representative use and test burden. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(4)(B))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE must
evaluate test procedures for each type of covered equipment, including
CRACs, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle. (42 U.S.C. 614(a)(1)(A))
DOE is publishing this NOPR proposing amendments to the test
procedure for CRACs in satisfaction of the aforementioned obligations
under EPCA.
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
DOE uses the Small Business Administration (SBA) small business
size standards to determine whether manufacturers qualify as small
businesses, which are listed by the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).\33\ The SBA considers a business entity
to be a small business, if, together with its affiliates, it employs
less than a threshold number of workers specified in 13 CFR part 121.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\33\ The size standards are listed by NAICS code and industry
description and are available at: www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards (Last accessed on August 30, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CRAC manufacturers are classified under NAICS code 333415, ``Air-
Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and
Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing.'' In 13 CFR 121.201,
the SBA sets a threshold of 1,250 employees or fewer for an entity to
be considered as a small business for this category. DOE utilized the
California Energy Commission's Modernized Appliance Efficiency Database
System (``MAEDbS'') \34\ and DOE's Compliance Certification Database
(``CCD'') \35\ in identifying potential small businesses that
manufacture CRACs covered by this rulemaking. DOE used subscription-
based business information tools (e.g., reports from Dun & Bradstreet
\36\) to determine headcount and revenue of those small businesses. DOE
identified nine companies that are original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs) of CRACs covered by this rulemaking. DOE screened out companies
that do not meet the definition of a ``small business'' or are foreign-
owned and operated. DOE identified three small, domestic OEMs for
consideration. One small, domestic OEM is not an AHRI member, while the
other two small, domestic OEMs are AHRI members.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ MAEDbS can be accessed at
www.cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/AdvancedSearch.aspx
(Last accessed August 30, 2021).
\35\ Certified equipment in the CCD are listed by product class
and can be accessed at www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data/#q=Product_Group_s%3A* (Last accessed August 30, 2021).
\36\ Market research available at: app.dnbhoovers.com (Last
accessed August 30, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing to relocate the current DOE test
procedure to a new appendix E of subpart F of part 431 (``appendix E'')
without change. DOE is also proposing an amended test procedure at
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 (``appendix E1''). Specifically,
DOE is proposing in appendix E1 to adopt the updated draft industry
test standard AHRI 1360-202X Draft for CRACs. Additionally, this NOPR
seeks to amend certain representation and enforcement provisions for
CRACs in 10 CFR part 429.
Appendix E does not contain any changes from the current Federal
test procedure, and, therefore, would have no cost to industry and
would not require retesting solely as a result of DOE's adoption of
this proposed amendment to the test procedure, if made final.
The proposed test procedure in appendix E1 includes amendments for
measuring CRAC energy efficiency using the NSenCOP metric so as to be
consistent with the updated draft industry test procedure. Should DOE
adopt amended energy conservation standards in the future denominated
in terms of NSenCOP, the Department
[[Page 6970]]
expects there would not be an increase in third-party lab testing costs
per unit relative to the current Federal test procedure. DOE estimates
such testing costs to be $10,200 per unit for physical testing. DOE has
tentatively concluded that the proposed test procedure may require re-
rating of CRAC models; however, this would not be mandatory until such
time as DOE amends the energy conservation standards for CRACs based on
NSenCOP, should DOE adopt such amendments.
If CRAC manufacturers conduct physical testing to certify a basic
model, two units are required to be tested per basic model. However,
manufacturers are not required to perform laboratory testing on all
basic models, as CRAC manufacturers may elect to use AEDMs.\37\ An AEDM
is a computer modeling or mathematical tool that predicts the
performance of non-tested basic models. These computer modeling and
mathematical tools, when properly developed, can provide a means to
predict the energy usage or efficiency characteristics of a basic model
of a given covered product or equipment and reduce the burden and cost
associated with testing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ In accordance with 10 CFR 429.70.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small businesses would be expected to have different potential
regulatory costs depending on whether they are a member of AHRI. DOE
understands that all AHRI members and all manufacturers currently
certifying to the AHRI Directory will be testing their CRAC models in
accordance with the final version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, the industry
test procedure DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference (if
finalized and consistent with AHRI 1360-202X Draft), and using AHRI's
certification program, which has already been updated to include the
NSenCOP metric.
The proposed test procedure amendments would not add any additional
testing burden to manufacturers which are members of AHRI, as those
members currently are or soon will be using the finalized version of
the AHRI 1360-202X draft test procedure. If DOE were to adopt energy
conservation standards denominated in terms of the NSenCOP metric, the
proposed test procedure amendments may, however, result in re-rating
costs for manufacturers which are not AHRI members (currently one
identified OEM).
DOE estimated the range of additional potential testing costs for
the single small CRAC manufacturer which is not an AHRI member. This
small business would only incur additional testing costs if they would
not already be using the finalized version of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft
to test their CRAC models. DOE estimates that this small business
manufactures 113 basic models.
When developing cost estimates for this single, non-AHRI-member
small business, DOE considered the cost to develop an AEDM, the costs
to validate the AEDM through physical testing, and the cost per model
to determine ratings using the AEDM. The Department anticipates that
this small OEM would avail itself of the cost-saving option which the
AEDM provides. DOE estimated the cost to develop and validate an AEDM
for CRACs to be approximately $46,000, which includes physical testing
of two models per validation class. Additionally, DOE estimated a cost
of approximately $50 per basic model for determining energy efficiency
using the validated AEDM. The estimated cost to rate the 113 basic
models with the AEDM would be $5,650. Therefore, should DOE adopt
amended energy conservation standards in the future denominated in
terms of NSenCOP as the efficiency metric, this small business could
incur total testing and rating costs of $51,650.
DOE understands the annual revenue of this small business to be
approximately $17 million. Therefore, testing and AEDM costs could
cause this small business manufacturer to incur costs of up to 0.30
percent of its annual revenue.
Issue 9: DOE requests comment on the number of small businesses DOE
identified. DOE also seeks comment on the potential costs for the small
business that is not an AHRI member and manufactures CRACs
5. Duplication, Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or regulations that duplicate,
overlap, or conflict with the rule being considered in this document.
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
DOE proposes to reduce burden on manufacturers, including small
businesses, by allowing AEDMs in lieu of physically testing all basic
models. The use of an AEDM is less costly than physical testing CRAC
models. Without AEDMs, the average cost to rate all basic models for
the small CRAC manufacturer (non-AHRI member) would be $1,152,600.
Additionally, DOE considered alternative test methods and
modifications to the AHRI 1360-202X Draft test procedure for CRACs.
However, DOE has tentatively determined that there are no better
alternatives than the existing industry test procedures, in terms of
both meeting the agency's objectives and reducing burden on
manufacturers. Therefore, DOE is proposing to amend the existing DOE
test procedure for CRACs through adoption of the substance of AHRI
1360-202X Draft. DOE intends to update the reference to the final
published version of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the final rule, unless
there are substantive changes between the draft and published versions,
in which case DOE may adopt the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft
or provide additional opportunity for comment on the changes to the
industry consensus test procedure.
Manufacturers subject to DOE's energy efficiency standards may
apply to DOE's Office of Hearings and Appeals for exception relief
under certain circumstances. Manufacturers should refer to 10 CFR part
1003 for additional details.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of CRACs must certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including commercial
package air condition and heating equipment. (See generally 10 CFR part
429.) The collection-of-information requirement for the certification
and recordkeeping is subject to review and approval by OMB under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). This requirement has been approved by
OMB under OMB control number 1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the
certification is estimated to average 35 hours per response, including
the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,
gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing
the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
[[Page 6971]]
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
DOE is analyzing this proposed regulation in accordance with the
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) and DOE's NEPA
implementing regulations (10 CFR part 1021). DOE's regulations include
a categorical exclusion for rulemakings interpreting or amending an
existing rule or regulation that does not change the environmental
effect of the rule or regulation being amended. 10 CFR part 1021,
subpart D, appendix A5. DOE anticipates that this rulemaking qualifies
for categorical exclusion A5 because it is an interpretive rulemaking
that does not change the environmental effect of the rule and otherwise
meets the requirements for application of a categorical exclusion. See
10 CFR 1021.410. DOE will complete its NEPA review before issuing the
final rule.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 10,
1999), imposes certain requirements for agencies formulating and
implementing policies or regulations that preempt State law or that
have federalism implications. The Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any
action that would limit the policymaking discretion of the States and
to carefully assess the necessity for such actions. The Executive order
also requires agencies to have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.
On March 14, 2000, DOE published a statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this
proposed rule and has determined that it would not have a substantial
direct effect on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government. EPCA governs
and prescribes Federal preemption of State regulations as to energy
conservation for the products that are the subject of this proposed
rule. States can petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the
extent, and based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
No further action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms, and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation would not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a
[[Page 6972]]
Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy action.
A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to amend the test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of CRACs is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as a significant energy action by
the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy
Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788; FEAA)
Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where a proposed
rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed amendments to the Federal test procedure for CRACs are
primarily in response to modifications to the applicable industry
consensus test standards (i.e., AHRI 1360-202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 37-
2009, and ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020). DOE has evaluated these standards and
is unable to conclude whether they fully comply with the requirements
of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether they were developed in a
manner that fully provides for public participation, comment, and
review). DOE will consult with both the Attorney General and the
Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact of these test procedures on
competition, prior to prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the
following test standards:
(1) The draft test standard provided by AHRI, titled
``Performance Rating of Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners (``Draft Standard'') AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft.
AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft is a draft industry test procedure for
measuring the performance of CRACs. AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft is
in draft form and its text was provided to the Department for the
purposes of review only during the drafting of this NOPR. AHRI 1360-
202X Draft has been attached in this docket for review. DOE intends
to update the reference to the final published version of AHRI 1360-
202X Draft in the Final Rule, unless there are substantive changes
between the draft and published versions, in which case DOE may
adopt the substance of the AHRI 1360-202X Draft or provide
additional opportunity for comment on the changes to the industry
consensus test procedure.
(2) The test standard published by ASHRAE, titled ``Method of
Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,'' ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127-2020 is an industry-accepted test procedure for measuring the
performance of CRACs. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020 is available on
ANSI's website at webstore.ansi.org/standards/ashrae/ansiashrae1272020.
(3) The test standard published by ASHRAE, titled ``Methods of
Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and
Heat Pump Equipment,'' ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009. ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 37-2009 is an industry-accepted test procedure that
provides a method of test for many categories of air conditioning
and heating equipment. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009 is available on
ANSI's website at webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2FASHRAE+Standard+37-2009.
(4) The test standard published by ASHRAE, titled ``Method of
Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air
Conditioners,'' ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
127-2007 is an industry-accepted test procedure for measuring the
performance of CRACs. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007 is available on
ANSI's website at https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/ashrae/ansiashrae1272007.
The following standards were previously approved for incorporation
by reference in the section where they appear and no change is
proposed: AHRI 210/240-2008, AHRI 340/360-2007, ISO Standard 13256-1,
AHRI 1230-2010, AHRI 390-2003.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are listed in the DATES section at
the beginning of this document. Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be published on DOE's website:
www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/public-meetings-and-comment-deadlines.
Participants are responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible
with the webinar software.
B. Procedures for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
proposed rulemaking, or who is representative of a group or class of
persons that has an interest in these issues, may request an
opportunity to make an oral presentation at the webinar/public meeting.
Such persons may submit requests to speak via email to the Appliance
and Equipment Standards Program at:
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format that briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the topics they
wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime telephone
number where they can be reached.
DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least two weeks before
the webinar/public meeting. At its discretion, DOE may permit persons
who cannot supply an advance copy of their statement to participate, if
those persons have made advance alternative arrangements with the
Building Technologies Office. As necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar and may
also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion. The meeting will
not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing, but DOE will
conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6306). A
court reporter will be present to record the proceedings and to prepare
a transcript. DOE reserves the
[[Page 6973]]
right to schedule the order of presentations and to establish the
procedures governing the conduct of the webinar/public meeting. There
shall not be discussion of proprietary information, costs or prices,
market share, or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. anti-trust
laws. After the webinar and until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further comments on the proceedings and
any aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an informal, conference style. DOE
will present a summary of the proposals, allow time for prepared
general statements by participants, and encourage all interested
parties to share their views on issues affecting this rulemaking. Each
participant will be allowed to make a general statement (within time
limits determined by DOE), before the discussion of specific topics.
DOE will allow, as time permits, other participants to comment briefly
on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly and comment on
statements made by others. Participants should be prepared to answer
questions by DOE and by other participants concerning these issues. DOE
representatives may also ask questions of participants concerning other
matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar will accept additional comments or questions from those
attending, as time permits. The presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification of the above procedures that
may be needed for the proper conduct of the webinar.
A transcript of the webinar will be included in the docket, which
can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the beginning of
this NOPR. In addition, any person may buy a copy of the transcript
from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule no later than the date provided in the DATES section at
the beginning of this proposed rule. Interested parties may submit
comments using any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at
the beginning of this document.
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (CBI). Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments received through
the website will waive any CBI claims for the information submitted.
For information on submitting CBI, see the Confidential Business
Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email. Comments and documents submitted via
email also will be posted to www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be publicly viewable, do not
include it in your comment or any accompanying documents. Instead,
provide your contact information in a cover letter. Include your first
and last names, email address, telephone number, and optional mailing
address. The cover letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it
does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. No telefacsimiles (faxes) will
be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not secured, written in English, and free of any defects or
viruses. Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption, and, if possible, they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email two well-marked copies: One copy of the document marked
``confidential'' including all the information believed to be
confidential, and one copy of the document marked ``non-confidential''
with the information believed to be confidential deleted. DOE will make
its own determination about the confidential status of the information
and treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
Issue 1: DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for
``computer room air conditioner'' that distinguishes between CRACs and
other categories of air conditioning equipment, based on the marketing
of the equipment.
Issue 2: DOE requests comment on its proposal to define the
following terms, consistent with AHRI 1360-202X Draft: Floor-mounted,
ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted, roof-mounted, up-flow, down-flow,
horizontal flow, up-flow ducted, up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted
ducted, ceiling-mounted non-ducted, and fluid economizer.
[[Page 6974]]
Issue 3: DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the NSenCOP
metric for CRACs as part of the proposed test procedure in appendix E1,
which would be used only if DOE were to prescribe energy conservation
standards denominated in terms of NSenCOP in a future rulemaking.
Additionally, DOE seeks feedback on whether the rating conditions in
AHRI 1360-202X Draft are appropriately representative of field
applications.
Issue 4: DOE seeks comment on its proposals regarding specific
components in 10 CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, 10 CFR 429.43,
and 10 CFR 429.134.
Issue 5: DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the methods
for comparing relative efficiency of standard and non-standard indoor
fan motors and integrated fan and motor combinations specified in
Section D3 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft in the proposed test procedure in 10
CFR part 431, subpart F, appendix E1, as well as in provisions for
determination of represented values in 10 CFR 429.43(a) and provisions
for DOE assessment and enforcement testing in 10 CFR 429.134.
Issue 6: DOE requests comment on its proposal regarding
representations for CRAC basic models approved for use with multiple
refrigerants.
Issue 7: DOE requests comment on its proposals related to
represented values and verification testing of NSCC for CRACs.
Issue 8: DOE requests comment on its understanding of the impact of
the test procedure proposals in this NOPR, specifically DOE's initial
conclusion that the proposed DOE test procedure amendments, if
finalized, would not increase testing burden on most CRAC manufacturers
(i.e., CRAC manufacturers who are AHRI members), compared to current
industry practice as indicated by AHRI 1360-202X Draft, and that those
proposed amendments would not have a significant impact on the
remaining CRAC manufacturers (i.e., CRAC manufacturers who are not AHRI
members).
Issue 9: DOE requests comment on the number of small businesses DOE
identified. DOE also seeks comment on the potential costs for the small
business that is not an AHRI member and manufactures CRACs.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Small businesses.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Incorporation by reference, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on January 28,
2022, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated
authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original
signature and date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes
only, and in compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on January 31, 2022.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 431 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Amend Sec. 429.4 by revising paragraph (a) and redesignating
paragraph (c)(2) as (c)(3), and adding new paragraph (c)(2) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.4 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this subpart
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, DOE must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved material is available for inspection at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington,
DC 20024, (202) 586-9127, [email protected], www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-technologies-office, and may be obtained from the
other sources in this section. Also, this material is available for
inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, email:
[email protected], or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft, (``AHRI 1360-202X Draft''),
Performance Rating of Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners, IBR approved for Sec. 429.43.
* * * * *
0
3. Amend Sec. 429.43 by adding paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) to read as
follows.
Sec. 429.43 Commercial heating, ventilating, air conditioning (HVAC)
equipment.
(a) * * *
(3) Product-specific provisions for determination of represented
values.
(i)-(iv) [Reserved]
(v) Computer room air conditioners. When certifying to standards in
terms of NSenCOP, the following provisions apply.
(A) If a basic model is distributed in commerce and approved for
use with multiple refrigerants, a manufacturer must determine all
represented values for that basic model (e.g., NSenCOP and net sensible
cooling capacity) based on the refrigerant that results in the lowest
cooling efficiency. A refrigerant is considered approved for use if it
is listed on the nameplate of the outdoor unit. Per the definition of
``basic model'' in Sec. 431.92, use of a refrigerant that requires
different hardware (i.e., compressors, heat exchangers, or air moving
systems that are not the same or comparably performing), would
represent a different basic model, and
[[Page 6975]]
separate representations would be required for each basic model.
(B) The represented value of net sensible cooling capacity must be
between 95 percent and 100 percent of the mean of the capacities
measured for the units in the sample selected as described in paragraph
(a)(1)(ii) of this section, or between 95 percent and 100 percent of
the net sensible cooling capacity output simulated by the AEDM as
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(4) Determination of represented values for individual models with
specific components for computer room air conditioners.
(i) If a manufacturer distributes in commerce individual models
with one of the components listed in the following table, determination
of represented values is dependent on the selected grouping of
individual models into a basic model, as indicated in paragraphs
(a)(4)(ii) through (v) of this section. For the purposes of this
paragraph, ``otherwise identical'' means differing only in the presence
of specific components listed in table 1 to this paragraph (a)(4)(i).
Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(4)(i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Component Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Economizers................... An automatic system that enables a
cooling system to supply and use
outdoor air to reduce or eliminate
the need for mechanical cooling
during mild or cold weather.
Process Heat Recovery/Reclaim A heat exchanger located inside the
Coils/Thermal Storage. unit that conditions the
equipment's supply air using energy
transferred from an external source
using a vapor, gas, or liquid.
Evaporative Pre-cooling of Air- Water is evaporated into the air
cooled Condenser Intake Air. entering the air-cooled condenser
to lower the dry-bulb temperature
and thereby increase efficiency of
the refrigeration cycle.
Steam/Hydronic Heat Coils......... Coils used to provide supplemental
heat.
Refrigerant Reheat Coils.......... A heat exchanger located downstream
of the indoor coil that heats the
supply air during cooling operation
using high pressure refrigerant in
order to increase the ratio of
moisture removal to cooling
capacity provided by the equipment.
Powered Exhaust/Powered Return Air A powered exhaust fan is a fan that
Fans. transfers directly to the outside a
portion of the building air that is
returning to the unit, rather than
allowing it to recirculate to the
indoor coil and back to the
building. A powered return air fan
is a fan that draws building air
into the equipment.
Compressor Variable Frequency A device connected electrically
Drive (VFD). between the equipment's power
supply connection and the
compressor that can vary the
frequency of power supplied to the
compressor in order to allow
variation of the compressor's
rotational speed. If the
manufacturer chooses to make
representations for performance at
part-load and/or low-ambient
conditions (e.g., using the
iNSenCOP metric), compressor VFDs
must be treated consistently for
all cooling capacity tests for the
basic model (i.e., if the
compressor VFD is installed and
active for the part-load and/or low-
ambient tests, it must also be
installed and active for the
NSenCOP test).
Fire/Smoke/Isolation Dampers...... A damper assembly including means to
open and close the damper mounted
at the supply or return duct
opening of the equipment.
Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors.... The standard indoor fan motor is the
motor specified in the
manufacturer's installation
instructions for testing and shall
be distributed in commerce as part
of a particular model. A non-
standard motor is an indoor fan
motor that is not the standard
indoor fan motor and that is
distributed in commerce as part of
an individual model within the same
basic model.
For a non-standard indoor fan
motor(s) to be considered a
specific component for a basic
model (and thus subject to the
provisions of paragraph
(a)(3)(v)(A)-(B) of this section),
the following provisions must be
met:
(1) Non-standard indoor fan
motor(s) must meet the minimum
allowable efficiency determined
per Section D.3.1 of AHRI 1360-
202X Draft (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 429.4)
(i.e., for non-standard indoor
fan motors) or per Section D.3.2
of AHRI 1360-202X Draft for non-
standard indoor integrated fan
and motor combinations).
If the standard indoor fan motor can
vary fan speed through control
system adjustment of motor speed,
all non-standard indoor fan motors
must also allow speed control
(including with the use of VFD).
Humidifiers....................... A device placed in the supply air
stream for moisture evaporation and
distribution. The device may
require building steam or water,
hot water, electricity, or gas to
operate.
Flooded Condenser Head Pressure An assembly, including a receiver
Controls. and head pressure control valve,
used to allow for unit operation at
lower outdoor ambient temperatures
than the standard operating control
system.
Chilled Water Dual Cooling Coils.. A secondary chilled water coil added
in the indoor air stream for use as
the primary or secondary cooling
circuit in conjunction with a
separate chiller.
Condensate Pump................... A device used to pump condensate and/
or humidifier drain water from
inside the unit to a customer drain
outside the unit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) If a basic model includes only individual models distributed
in commerce without a specific component listed in paragraph (4)(i) of
this section, the manufacturer must determine represented values for
the basic model based on performance of an individual model distributed
in commerce without the component.
(iii) If a basic model includes only individual models distributed
in commerce with a specific component listed in paragraph (4)(i) of
this section, the manufacturer must determine represented values for
the basic model based on performance of an individual model with the
component present (and consistent with any component-specific test
provisions specified in section 4 of appendix E1 to subpart F of part
431 of this chapter).
(iv) If a basic model includes both individual models distributed
in commerce with a specific component listed in paragraph (4)(i) of
this section and individual models distributed in commerce without that
specific component, and none of the individual models distributed in
commerce without the specific component are otherwise identical to any
given individual model distributed in commerce with the specific
component, the manufacturer must consider the performance of individual
models with the component present when
[[Page 6976]]
determining represented values for the basic model (and consistent with
any component-specific test provisions specified in section 4 of
appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 of this chapter).
(v) If a basic model includes both individual models distributed in
commerce with a specific component listed in paragraph (4)(i) of this
section and individual models distributed in commerce without that
specific component, and at least one of the individual models
distributed in commerce without the specific component is otherwise
identical to any given individual model distributed in commerce with
the specific component, the manufacturer may determine represented
values for the basic model either:
(A) Based on performance of an individual model distributed in
commerce without the specific component or
(B) based on performance of an individual model with the specific
component present (and consistent with any component-specific test
provisions specified in section 4 of appendix E1 to subpart F of part
431 of this chapter).
(vi) In any of the cases specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) through
(v) of this section, the represented values for a basic model must be
determined through either testing (paragraph (a)(1) of this section) or
an AEDM (paragraph (a)(2) of this section).
0
4. Amend Sec. 429.70 by revising the table in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) to
read as follows:
Sec. 429.70 Alternative methods for determining energy efficiency
and energy use.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) * * *
Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(2)(iv)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum number of distinct models that must be tested
Validation class per AEDM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Cooled, Split and Packaged Air Conditioners (ACs) and 2 Basic Models.
Heat Pumps (HPs) less than 65,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity
(3-Phase).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Commercial HVAC validation classes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs greater than 2 Basic Models.
or equal to 65,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity and Less than
760,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity.
Water-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs, All Cooling 2 Basic Models.
Capacities.
Evaporatively-Cooled, Split and Packaged ACs and HPs, All 2 Basic Models.
Capacities.
Water-Source HPs, All Capacities......................... 2 Basic Models.
Single Package Vertical ACs and HPs...................... 2 Basic Models.
Packaged Terminal ACs and HPs............................ 2 Basic Models.
Air-Cooled, Variable Refrigerant Flow ACs and HPs........ 2 Basic Models.
Water-Cooled, Variable Refrigerant Flow ACs and HPs...... 2 Basic Models.
Computer Room Air Conditioners, Air Cooled............... 2 Basic Models.
Computer Room Air Conditioners, Water-Cooled and Glycol- 2 Basic Models.
Cooled.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Commercial water heater validation classes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Less 2 Basic Models.
than 10 Gallons.
Gas-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers 2 Basic Models.
Greater than or Equal to 10 Gallons.
Oil-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers Less 2 Basic Models.
than 10 Gallons.
Oil-fired Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply Boilers 2 Basic Models.
Greater than or Equal to 10 Gallons.
Electric Water Heaters................................... 2 Basic Models.
Heat Pump Water Heaters.................................. 2 Basic Models.
Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks.......................... 2 Basic Models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Commercial packaged boilers validation classes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas-fired, Hot Water Only Commercial Packaged Boilers.... 2 Basic Models.
Gas-fired, Steam Only Commercial Packaged Boilers........ 2 Basic Models.
Gas-fired Hot Water/Steam Commercial Packaged Boilers.... 2 Basic Models.
Oil-fired, Hot Water Only Commercial Packaged Boilers.... 2 Basic Models.
Oil-fired, Steam Only Commercial Packaged Boilers........ 2 Basic Models.
Oil-fired Hot Water/Steam Commercial Packaged Boilers.... 2 Basic Models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Commercial furnace validation classes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas-fired Furnaces....................................... 2 Basic Models.
Oil-fired Furnaces....................................... 2 Basic Models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E) Commercial refrigeration equipment validation classes \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Self-Contained Open Refrigerators........................ 2 Basic Models.
Self-Contained Open Freezers............................. 2 Basic Models.
Remote Condensing Open Refrigerators..................... 2 Basic Models.
Remote Condensing Open Freezers.......................... 2 Basic Models.
Self-Contained Closed Refrigerators...................... 2 Basic Models.
Self-Contained Closed Freezers........................... 2 Basic Models.
Remote Condensing Closed Refrigerators................... 2 Basic Models.
[[Page 6977]]
Remote Condensing Closed Freezers........................ 2 Basic Models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The minimum number of tests indicated above must be comprised of a transparent model, a solid model, a
vertical model, a semi-vertical model, a horizontal model, and a service-over-the counter model, as applicable
based on the equipment offering. However, manufacturers do not need to include all types of these models if it
will increase the minimum number of tests that need to be conducted.
* * * * *
0
5. Section 429.134 is amended by adding paragraph (s) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(s) Computer room air conditioners. The following provisions apply
for assessment and enforcement testing of models subject to energy
conservation standards denominated in terms of NSenCOP.
(1) Verification of net sensible cooling capacity. The net sensible
cooling capacity of each tested unit of the basic model will be
measured pursuant to the test requirements of part 431, subpart F,
appendix E1 of this chapter. The mean of the net sensible cooling
capacity measurement(s) will be used to determine the applicable energy
conservation standards for purposes of compliance.
(2) Specific components. For basic models that include individual
models distributed in commerce with any of the specific components
listed at Sec. 429.43(a)(4)(i), the following provisions apply. For
purposes of this paragraph, ``otherwise identical'' means differing
only in terms of the presence of specific components listed at Sec.
429.43(a)(4)(i).
(i) If the basic model includes only individual models distributed
in commerce with a specific component, or does not include any
otherwise identical individual models without the specific component,
DOE may assess compliance for the basic model based on testing of an
individual model with the component present (and consistent with any
component-specific test provisions specified in section 4 of appendix
E1 to subpart F of part 431 of this chapter).
(ii) If the basic model includes both individual models distributed
in commerce with a specific component and otherwise identical
individual models without the specific component, DOE will assess
compliance for the basic model based on testing an otherwise identical
model within the basic model that does not include the component,
unless DOE is not able to obtain an individual model for testing that
does not include the component. In such a situation, DOE will assess
compliance for the basic model based on testing of an individual model
with the specific component present (and consistent with any component-
specific test provisions specified in section 4 of appendix E1 to
subpart F of part 431 of this chapter).
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
6. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
7. Section 431.92 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory paragraph;
0
b. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for ``Ceiling-mounted,''
``Ceiling-mounted ducted,'' ``Ceiling-mounted non-ducted'';
0
c. Revising the definition for ``Computer room air conditioner''; and
0
d. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for ``Down-flow,''
``Floor-mounted,'' ``Fluid economizer,'' ``Horizontal-flow,'' ``Net
sensible coefficient of performance, or NSenCOP'' ``Roof-mounted,''
``Up-flow,'' ``Up-flow ducted,'' ``Up-flow non-ducted,'' and ``Wall-
mounted.''
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 431.92 Definitions concerning commercial air conditioners and
heat pumps.
The following definitions apply for purposes of this subpart F, and
of subparts J through M of this part. Any words or terms not defined in
this section or elsewhere in this part shall be defined as provided in
42 U.S.C. 6311. For definitions that reference the application for
which the equipment is marketed, DOE will consider any publicly
available document published by the manufacturer (e.g., product
literature, catalogs, and packaging labels) to determine marketing
intent.
Note: For definitions in this section that pertain to computer
room air conditioners, italicized terms within a definition indicate
terms that are separately defined in this section.
* * * * *
Ceiling-mounted means a configuration of a computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for indoor installation on or through a ceiling.
Ceiling-mounted ducted means a configuration of a ceiling-mounted
computer room air conditioner that is configured for use with discharge
ducting (even if the unit is also configurable for use without
discharge ducting).
Ceiling-mounted non-ducted means a configuration of a ceiling-
mounted computer room air conditioner that is configured only for use
without discharge ducting.
* * * * *
Computer room air conditioner means commercial package air-
conditioning and heating equipment (packaged or split) that is marketed
for use in computer rooms, data processing rooms, or other information
technology cooling applications and not a covered consumer product
under 42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2) and 42 U.S.C. 6292. A computer room air
conditioner may be provided with, or have as available options, an
integrated humidifier, temperature and/or humidity control of the
supplied air, and reheating function. Computer room air conditioners
include, but are not limited to, the following configurations as
defined in this section: Down-flow, horizontal-flow, up-flow ducted,
up-flow non-ducted, ceiling-mounted ducted, ceiling mounted non-ducted,
roof-mounted, and wall-mounted.
* * * * *
Down-flow means a configuration of floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters above the top of the evaporator
coil and discharge air leaves below the bottom of the evaporator coil.
* * * * *
Floor-mounted means a configuration of a computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for indoor installation on a solid floor, raised floor, or
floor-
[[Page 6978]]
stand. Floor-mounted computer room air conditioners are one of the
following three configurations: Down-flow, horizontal-flow, and up-
flow.
Fluid economizer means an option available with a computer room air
conditioner in which a fluid (other than air), cooled externally from
the unit, provides cooling of the indoor air to reduce or eliminate
unit compressor operation when outdoor temperature is low. The fluid
may include, but is not limited to, chilled water, water/glycol
solution, or refrigerant. An external fluid cooler such as, but not
limited to a dry cooler, cooling tower, or condenser is utilized for
heat rejection. This component is sometimes referred to as a free
cooling coil, econ-o-coil, or economizer.
* * * * *
Horizontal-flow means a configuration of a floor-mounted computer
room air conditioner that is neither a down-flow nor an up-flow unit.
* * * * *
Net sensible coefficient of performance, or NSenCOP, means a ratio
of the net sensible cooling capacity in kilowatts to the total power
input in kilowatts for computer room air conditioners, as measured in
appendix E1 of this subpart.
* * * * *
Roof-mounted means a configuration of a computer room air
conditioner that is not wall-mounted, and for which the unit housing
the evaporator coil is configured for outdoor installation.
* * * * *
Up-flow means a configuration of a floor-mounted computer room air
conditioner in which return air enters below the bottom of the
evaporator coil and discharge air leaves above the top of the
evaporator coil.
Up-flow ducted means a configuration of an up-flow computer room
air conditioner that is configured for use with discharge ducting (even
if the unit is also configurable for use without discharge ducting).
Up-flow non-ducted means a configuration of an up-flow computer
room air conditioner that is configured only for use without discharge
ducting.
* * * * *
Wall-mounted means a configuration of a computer room air
conditioner for which the unit housing the evaporator coil is
configured for installation on or through a wall.
* * * * *
0
8. Amend Sec. 431.95 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Adding new paragraph (b)(8);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (c)(2) and (4); and
0
d. Adding paragraph (c)(5).
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 431.95 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, DOE must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved material is available for inspection at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington,
DC 20024, (202)-586-9127, [email protected], https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-technologies-office, and may be obtained from
the other sources in this section. It is also available for inspection
at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this material at NARA, email:
[email protected], or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
(b) * * *
* * * * *
(8) AHRI Standard 1360-202X Draft, (``AHRI 1360-202X Draft''),
``Performance Rating of Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners (``Draft Standard'')'', IBR approved for appendix E1 to
this subpart.
(c) * * *
(2) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 37-2009, (``ANSI/ASHRAE 37''), ``Methods
of Testing for Rating Electrically Driven Unitary Air-Conditioning and
Heat Pump Equipment,'' ASHRAE approved June 24, 2009, IBR approved for
Sec. 431.96, and appendices A and E1 to this subpart.
* * * * *
(4) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2007, (``ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007''),
``Method of Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room
Unitary Air Conditioners,'' approved on June 28, 2007, IBR approved for
Sec. 431.96 and appendix E to this subpart.
(5) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 127-2020, (``ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020''),
``Method of Testing for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room
Unitary Air Conditioners,'' ANSI approved on November 30, 2020, IBR
approved for appendix E1 to this subpart.
* * * * *
0
9. Amend Sec. 431.96 by revising paragraph (b)(1) and table 1 to Sec.
431.96 (immediately following paragraph (b)(2)), to read as follows:
Sec. 431.96 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy
efficiency of commercial air conditioners and heat pumps.
* * * * *
(b) * * * (1) Determine the energy efficiency of each type of
covered equipment by conducting the test procedure(s) listed in table 1
of this section along with any additional testing provisions set forth
in paragraphs (c) through (g) of this section and appendices A through
E1 to this subpart, that apply to the energy efficiency descriptor for
that equipment, category, and cooling capacity. The omitted sections of
the test procedures listed in Table 1 of this section must not be used.
For equipment with multiple appendices listed in Table 1, consult the
notes at the beginning of those appendices to determine the applicable
appendix to use for testing.
* * * * *
Table 1 to Paragraph (b)--Test Procedures for Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional test
Use tests, procedure provisions
Equipment type Category Cooling capacity Energy efficiency descriptor conditions, and as indicated in the
procedures \1\ in listed paragraphs of
this section
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small Commercial Package Air- Air-Cooled, 3-Phase, <65,000 Btu/h....... SEER and HSPF................ AHRI 210/240-2008 Paragraphs (c) and
Conditioning and Heating AC and HP. (omit section 6.5). (e).
Equipment.
Air-Cooled AC and HP >=65,000 Btu/h and EER, IEER, and COP........... Appendix A to this None.
<135,000 Btu/h. subpart.
Water-Cooled and <65,000 Btu/h....... EER.......................... AHRI 210/240-2008 Paragraphs (c) and
Evaporatively- (omit section 6.5). (e).
Cooled AC.
[[Page 6979]]
>=65,000 Btu/h and EER.......................... AHRI 340/360-2007 Paragraphs (c) and
<135,000 Btu/h. (omit section 6.3). (e).
Water-Source HP..... <135,000 Btu/h...... EER and COP.................. ISO Standard 13256-1 Paragraph (e).
(1998).
Large Commercial Package Air- Air-Cooled AC and HP >=135,000 Btu/h and EER, IEER and COP............ Appendix A to this None.
Conditioning and Heating <240,000 Btu/h. subpart.
Equipment.
Water-Cooled and >=135,000 Btu/h and EER.......................... AHRI 340/360-2007 Paragraphs (c) and
Evaporatively- <240,000 Btu/h. (omit section 6.3). (e).
Cooled AC.
Very Large Commercial Package Air- Air-Cooled AC and HP >=240,000 Btu/h and EER, IEER and COP............ Appendix A to this None.
Conditioning and Heating <760,000 Btu/h. subpart.
Equipment.
Water-Cooled and >=240,000 Btu/h and EER.......................... AHRI 340/360-2007 Paragraphs (c) and
Evaporatively- <760,000 Btu/h. (omit section 6.3). (e).
Cooled AC.
Packaged Terminal Air AC and HP........... <760,000 Btu/h...... EER and COP.................. Paragraph (g) of Paragraphs (c), (e),
Conditioners and Heat Pumps. this section. and (g).
Computer Room Air Conditioners... AC.................. <760,000 Btu/h...... SCOP......................... Appendix E to this None.
subpart \2\.
<760,000 Btu/h...... NSenCOP...................... Appendix E1 to this None.
subpart \2\.
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multi- AC.................. <65,000 Btu/h (3- SEER......................... AHRI 1230-2010 (omit Paragraphs (c), (d),
split Systems. phase). sections 5.1.2 and (e), and (f).
6.6).
>=65,000 Btu/h and EER.......................... AHRI 1230-2010 (omit Paragraphs (c), (d),
<760,000 Btu/h. sections 5.1.2 and (e), and (f).
6.6).
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multi- HP.................. <65,000 Btu/h (3- SEER and HSPF................ ANSI/AHRI 1230-2010 Paragraphs (c), (d),
split Systems, Air-cooled. phase). (omit sections (e), and (f).
5.1.2 and 6.6).
>=65,000 Btu/h and EER and COP.................. ANSI/AHRI 1230-2010 Paragraphs (c), (d),
<760,000 Btu/h. (omit sections (e), and (f).
5.1.2 and 6.6).
Variable Refrigerant Flow Multi- HP.................. <760,000 Btu/h...... EER and COP.................. ANSI/AHRI 1230-2010 Paragraphs (c), (d),
split Systems, Water-source. (omit sections (e), and (f).
5.1.2 and 6.6).
Single Package Vertical Air AC and HP........... <760,000 Btu/h...... EER and COP.................. AHRI 390-2003 (omit Paragraphs (c) and
Conditioners and Single Package section 6.4). (e).
Vertical Heat Pumps.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Incorporated by reference; see Sec. 431.95.
\2\ For equipment with multiple appendices listed in Table 1, consult the notes at the beginning of those appendices to determine the applicable
appendix to use for testing.
* * * * *
Appendix B to Subpart F of Part 431 [Reserved]
0
10. Add and reserve Appendix B to subpart F of part 431:
Appendix C to Subpart F of Part 431 [Reserved]
0
11. Add and reserve Appendix C to subpart F of part 431.
Appendix D to Subpart F of Part 431 [Reserved]
0
12. Add and reserve Appendix D to subpart F of part 431.
0
13. Add Appendix E to subpart F of part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix E to Subpart F of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Computer Room Air Conditioners
Note: Prior to the compliance date for any amended energy
conservation standards based on NSenCOP for computer room air
conditioners, representations with respect to energy use or
efficiency of this equipment, including compliance certifications,
must be based on testing pursuant to this appendix. Starting on the
compliance date for any amended energy conservation standards for
this equipment based on NSenCOP, any representations, including
compliance certifications, made with respect to the energy use,
power, or efficiency of this equipment must be based on testing
pursuant to appendix E1 of this subpart. Manufacturers may use
appendix E1 to certify compliance with any amended standards prior
to the applicable compliance date for those standards.
1. Incorporation by Reference. DOE incorporated by reference in
Sec. 431.95, the entire standard for ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007. However,
certain enumerated provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007, as set forth
in paragraphs (a) of this section, are inapplicable. To the extent
that there is a conflict between the terms or provisions of a
referenced industry standard and the CFR, the CFR provisions
control.
(a) ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007:
(i) Section 5.11 is inapplicable as specified in section 2 of
this appendix.
(ii) [Reserved].
2. General. Determine the sensible coefficient of performance
(SCOP) in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007, ``Method of Testing
for Rating Computer and Data Processing Room Unitary Air-
Conditioners''; however, Section 5.11, Tolerances, of ANSI/ASHRAE
127-2007 is not applicable. In addition, the instructions in
sections (3) through (4) of this appendix apply in determining SCOP.
In cases where there is a conflict between the language of this
appendix and ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2007, the language of this appendix
takes precedence.
[[Page 6980]]
3. Optional break-in period. Manufacturers may optionally
specify a ``break-in'' period, not to exceed 20 hours, to operate
the equipment under test prior to conducting the test method
specified in this appendix. A manufacturer who elects to use an
optional compressor break-in period in its certification testing
should record this period's duration as part of the information in
the supplemental testing instructions under 10 CFR 429.43.
4. Additional provisions for equipment set-up. The only
additional specifications that may be used in setting up the basic
model for test are those set forth in the installation and operation
manual shipped with the unit. Each unit should be set up for test in
accordance with the manufacturer installation and operation manuals.
Paragraphs 4.1 and 4.2 of this section provide specifications for
addressing key information typically found in the installation and
operation manuals.
4.1. If a manufacturer specifies a range of superheat, sub-
cooling, and/or refrigerant pressure in its installation and
operation manual for a given basic model, any value(s) within that
range may be used to determine refrigerant charge or mass of
refrigerant, unless the manufacturer clearly specifies a rating
value in its installation and operation manual, in which case the
specified rating value must be used.
4.2. The airflow rate used for testing must be that set forth in
the installation and operation manuals being shipped to the
commercial customer with the basic model and clearly identified as
that used to generate the DOE performance ratings. If a rated
airflow value for testing is not clearly identified, a value of 400
standard cubic feet per minute (scfm) per ton must be used.
0
14. Add Appendix E1 to subpart F of part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix E1 to Subpart F of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Computer Room Air Conditioners
Note: Prior to the compliance date for any amended energy
conservation standards based on NSenCOP for computer room air
conditioners, representations with respect to energy use or
efficiency of this equipment, including compliance certifications,
must be based on testing pursuant to appendix E of this subpart.
Starting on the compliance date for any amended energy conservation
standards for this equipment based on NSenCOP, any representations,
including compliance certifications, made with respect to the energy
use, power, or efficiency of this equipment must be based on testing
pursuant to this appendix. Manufacturers may use appendix E1 to
certify compliance with any amended standards prior to the
applicable compliance date for those standards.
1. Incorporation by Reference.
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 431.95, the entire
standards for AHRI 1360-202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020, ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 37-2009. However, only certain enumerated provisions
of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020 and ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 37-2009 apply as set forth in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c)
of this section. To the extent that there is a conflict between the
terms or provisions of a referenced industry standard and the CFR,
the CFR provisions control.
(a) AHRI 1360-202X Draft:
(i) The following sections of Section 3. Definitions--3.1 (Air
Sampling Device(s)), 3.4 (Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioner), 3.11 (Indoor Unit), 3.14 (Manufacturer's Installation
Instruction), 3.16 (Net Sensible Cooling Capacity), 3.17 (Net Total
Cooling Capacity), 3.21 (``Shall,'' ``Should,'' ``Recommended,'' or
``It Is Recommended''), 3.22 (Standard Air) and 3.23 (Standard
Airflow) are applicable as specified in section 2(a)(i) of this
appendix,
(ii) Section 5. Test Requirements, is applicable as specified in
section 2(a)(ii) of this appendix,
(iii) The following sections of Section 6. Rating Requirements--
6.1-6.3, 6.5 and 6.7 are applicable as specified in section
2(a)(iii) of this appendix,
(iv) Appendix C. Standard Configurations--Normative, is
applicable as specified in section 2(a)(iv) of this appendix,
(v) Section D3 of Appendix D. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors for
CRAC units, is applicable as specified in section 2(a)(v) of this
appendix,
(vi) Appendix E. Method of Testing Computer and Data Processing
Room Air Conditioners--Normative, is applicable as specified in
section 2(a)(vi) of this appendix, and
(vii) Appendix F. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition Measurement--
Normative is applicable as specified in section 2(a)(vii) of this
appendix.
(b) ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020:
(i) Appendix A--Figure A-1, Test duct for measuring air flow and
static pressure on downflow units, is applicable as specified in
section 2(b)(i) of this appendix.
(c) ASHRAE 37-2009:
(i) Section 1 Purpose is inapplicable as specified in section
2(c)(i) of this appendix,
(ii) Section 2 Scope is inapplicable as specified in section
2(c)(ii) of this appendix, and
(iii) Section 4 Classification is inapplicable as specified in
section 2(c)(iii) of this appendix.
2. General. Determine the net sensible coefficient of
performance (NSenCOP), in accordance with AHRI 1360-202X Draft,
``Performance Rating of Computer And Data Processing Room Air
Conditioners'', ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020, and ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009
``Methods of Testing for Rating Electronically Driven Unitary Air-
Conditioning and Heat-Pump Equipment''. However only enumerated
provisions of AHRI 1360-202X Draft, ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020 and ANSI/
ASHRAE 37-2009 are applicable, as set forth in paragraphs (a), (b),
and (c) of this appendix. In addition, the instructions in section 3
of this appendix apply to determining NSenCOP. In cases where there
is a conflict between these sources, the language of this appendix
takes highest precedence, followed by AHRI 1360-202X Draft, followed
by ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020, followed by ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009. Any
subsequent amendment to a referenced document by a standard-setting
organization will not affect the test procedure in this appendix,
unless and until this test procedure is amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and a notice
of any change in the incorporation will be published in the Federal
Register.
(a) Included sections of AHRI 1360-202X Draft.
(i) The following sub-sections of Section 3. Definitions--3.1
(Air Sampling Device(s)), 3.4 (Computer and Data Processing Room Air
Conditioner), 3.11 (Indoor Unit), 3.14 (Manufacturer's Installation
Instruction), 3.16 (Net Sensible Cooling Capacity), 3.17 (Net Total
Cooling Capacity), 3.21 (``Shall,'' ``Should,'' ``Recommended,'' or
``It Is Recommended''), 3.22 (Standard Air) and 3.23 (Standard
Airflow),
(ii) Section 5. Test Requirements,
(iii) The following sections of Section 6. Rating Requirements--
6.1-6.3, 6.5 and 6.7,
(iv) Appendix C. Standard Configurations--Normative,
(v) Section D3 of Appendix D. Non-Standard Indoor Fan Motors for
CRAC units,
(vi) Appendix E. Method of Testing Computer and Data Processing
Room Air Conditioners--Normative, and
(vii) Appendix F. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition Measurement--
Normative.
(b) Included section of ANSI/ASHRAE 127-2020
(i) Figure A-1, Test duct for measuring air flow and static
pressure on downflow units,
(ii) [Reserved].
(c) Excepted sections of ANSI/ASHRAE 37-2009:
(i) Section 1. Purpose,
(ii) Section 2. Scope,
(iii) Section 4. Classifications.
3. Test Conditions.
3.1. Test Conditions for Certification. When testing to certify
to the energy conservation standards in Sec. 431.97, test use the
``Indoor Return Air Temperature Standard Rating Conditions'' and
``Heat Rejection/Cooling Fluid Standard Rating Conditions''
conditions, as specified in Tables 3 and 4 of AHRI 1360-202X Draft,
respectively.
4. Set-Up and Test Provisions for Specific Components. When
testing a unit that includes any of the features listed in Table 4.1
of this appendix, test in accordance with the set-up and test
provisions specified in Table 4.1 of this appendix.
[[Page 6981]]
Table 4.1--Test Provisions for Specific Components
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Component Description Test provisions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air Economizers............. An automatic system For any air
that enables a economizer that is
cooling system to factory-installed,
supply outdoor air place the
to reduce or economizer in the
eliminate the need 100% return
for mechanical position and close
cooling during mid and seal the
or cold weather. outside air dampers
for testing. For
any modular air
economizer shipped
with the unit but
not factory-
installed, do not
install the
economizer for
testing.
Process Heat recovery/ A heat exchanger Disconnect the heat
Reclaim Coils/Thermal located inside the exchanger from its
Storage. unit that heat source for
conditions the testing.
equipment's supply
air using energy
transferred from an
external source
using a vapor, gas,
or liquid.
Evaporative Pre-cooling of Water is evaporated Disconnect the unit
Condenser Intake Air. into the air from the water
entering the air- supply for testing
cooled condenser to (i.e., operate
lower the dry-bulb without active
temperature and evaporative
thereby increase cooling).
efficiency of the
refrigeration cycle.
Steam/Hydronic Heat Coils... Coils used to Test with steam/
provide hydronic heat coils
supplemental heat. in place but
providing no heat.
Refrigerant Reheat Coils.... A heat exchanger De-activate
located downstream refrigerant re-heat
of the indoor coil coils so as to
that heats the provide the minimum
supply air during (none if possible)
cooling operation reheat achievable
using high pressure by the system
refrigerant in controls.
order to increase
the ratio of
moisture removal to
cooling capacity
provided by the
equipment.
Fire/Smoke/Isolation Dampers A damper assembly For any fire/smoke/
including means to isolation dampers
open and close the that are factory-
damper mounted at installed, close
the supply or and seal the
return duct opening dampers for
of the equipment. testing. For any
modular fire/smoke/
isolation dampers
shipped with the
unit but not
factory-installed,
do not install the
dampers for
testing.
Harmonic Distortion A high voltage Remove harmonic
Mitigation Devices. device that reduces distortion
harmonic distortion mitigation devices
measured at the for testing.
line connection of
the equipment that
is created by
electronic
equipment in the
unit.
Humidifiers................. A device placed in Test with
the supply air humidifiers in
stream for moisture place but providing
evaporation and no humidification.
distribution. The
device may require
building steam or
water, hot water,
electricity, or gas
to operate.
Electric Reheat Elements.... Electric reheat Test with electric
elements and reheat elements in
controls that are place but providing
located downstream no heat.
of the cooling coil
that may heat the
air using
electrical power
during the
dehumidification
process.
Non-standard Power A device applied to Disable the non-
Transformer. a high voltage load standard power
that transforms transformer during
input electrical testing.
voltage to that
voltage necessary
to operate the load.
Chilled Water Dual Cooling A secondary chilled Test with chilled
Coils. water coil added in water dual cooling
the indoor air coils in place but
stream for use as providing no
the primary or cooling.
secondary cooling
circuit in
conjunction with a
separate chiller.
High-Effectiveness Indoor Indoor air filters Test with the filter
Air Filtration. with greater air offered by the
filtration manufacturer with
effectiveness than the least air
Minimum Efficiency filtration
Reporting Value effectiveness that
(MERV) 8 for ducted meets or exceeds
units and MERV 1 MERV 8 for ducted
for non-ducted units and MERV 1
units. for non-ducted
units.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FR Doc. 2022-02279 Filed 2-4-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
