Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dishwashers, 72738-72777 [2021-26880]
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions
for submitting comments.
2. Email: ResDishwasher2016TP0012@
ee.doe.gov. Include docket number EERE–
2016–BT–TP–0012 and/or RIN number 1904–
AD96 in the subject line of the message.
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[EERE–2016–BT–TP–0012]
RIN 1904–AD96
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Dishwashers
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
and request for comment.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) proposes to amend the
current test procedures appendix for
dishwashers, adopt a new test
procedureappendix, incorporate by
reference newly published Association
of Home Appliance Manufacturers
(‘‘AHAM’’) standards—AHAM DW–1–
2020 and DW–2–2020—and apply
certain provisions of the industry
standards to to the test procedures
appendices. The proposed amendments
to the current procedure would
establish requirements for water
hardness, relative humidity, and loading
pattern; update requirements for
ambient temperature, detergent dosage,
and standby power measurement;
include testing approaches from
recently published waivers for
dishwashers; and include provisions for
a minimum cleaning index threshold to
validate the selected test cycle. The
proposed new test procedure appendix
would additionally include updated
annual number of cycles and low-power
mode hours for the calculation of energy
consumption. DOE is seeking comments
from interested parties on the proposal.
DATES:
Meeting: DOE will hold a webinar on
Thursday, February 3, 2022, from 12:30
p.m. to 4:30 p.m. See Section V, ‘‘Public
Participation,’’ for webinar registration
information, participant instructions,
and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled.
Comments: DOE will accept
comments, data, and information
regarding this proposal no later than
February 22, 2022. See Section V,
‘‘Public Participation,’’ for details.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are
encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may
submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE–2016–BT–TP–0012, by
any of the following methods:
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SUMMARY:
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No telefacsimilies (‘‘faxes’’) will be
accepted. For detailed instructions on
submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process,
see Section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted
public comment submissions through a
variety of mechanisms, including the
Federal eRulemaking Portal, email,
postal mail, or hand delivery/courier,
the Department has found it necessary
to make temporary modifications to the
comment submission process in light of
the ongoing COVID–19 pandemic. DOE
is currently suspending receipt of public
comments via postal mail and hand
delivery/courier. If a commenter finds
that this change poses an undue
hardship, please contact Appliance
Standards Program staff at (202) 586–
1445 to discuss the need for alternative
arrangements. Once the COVID–19
pandemic health emergency is resolved,
DOE anticipates resuming all of its
regular options for public comment
submission, including postal mail and
hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts (if a public
meeting is held), comments, and other
supporting documents/materials, is
available for review at
www.regulations.gov. All documents in
the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However,
some documents listed in the index,
such as those containing information
that is exempt from public disclosure,
may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at
www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE2016--BT-TP-0012. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access
all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See Section V
of this document for information on
how to submit comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Bryan Berringer, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–5B, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
0371. Email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
PO 00000
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Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–2588. Email:
Amelia.Whiting@hq.doe.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment, review other public
comments and the docket, or participate
in a public meeting (if one is held),
contact the Appliance and Equipment
Standards Program staff at (202) 287–
1445 or by email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
DOE
proposes to maintain a previously
approved incorporation by reference
and to incorporate by reference the
following additional industry standards
into part 430:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2020 (‘‘AHAM DW–
1–2020’’), ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Dishwashers,’’ approved October 2020.
AHAM DW–2–2020, ‘‘Household Electric
Dishwashers,’’ approved 2020.
Copies of AHAM DW–1–2020 and
AHAM DW–2–2020 can be obtained
from AHAM at 1111 19th Street NW,
Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036; or by
going to AHAM’s online store at
www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
IEC 62301 (‘‘IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0’’),
Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,
(Edition 2.0, 2011–01).
A copy of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be
obtained from the International
Electrotechnical Commission, available
from the American National Standards
Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor,
New York, NY 10036, (212) 642–4900,
or go to webstore.ansi.org.
For a further discussion of these
standards, see Section IV.M of this
document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Updates to Industry Standards
C. Metrics
D. Test Setup
1. Water Hardness
2. Relative Humidity
3. Ambient Temperature
4. 208-Volt Power
5. Built-In Water Reservoir
6. In-Sink Installation
7. Absence of Main Detergent
Compartment
E. Test Cycle Amendments
1. Cycle Selections
2. Drying Energy Measurement
3. Annual Number of Cycles
F. Energy and Water Consumption Test
Methods
1. Test Load Items
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2. Soils
3. Loading Pattern
4. Preconditioning Cycles
5. Detergent
6. Rinse Aid
7. Water Softener Regeneration Cycles
8. Water Re-Use System
G. Cleaning Performance
1. Cleaning Performance Test Method
2. Cleaning Index Threshold
3. Validation of the Test Cycle
4. Determining the Most Energy-Intensive
Cycle
H. Standby Mode Test Method
1. Standby Power Measurement
2. Annual Combined Low-Power Mode
Energy Consumption Calculation
I. Network Mode
J. Test Cycle Duration
K. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
L. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
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I. Authority and Background
Dishwashers are included in the list
of ‘‘covered products’’ for which DOE is
authorized to establish and amend
energy conservation standards and test
procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(6)) DOE’s
test procedures for dishwashers are
currently prescribed at 10 CFR 430.23(c)
and appendix C1 to subpart B of part
430 (‘‘appendix C1’’). The following
sections discuss DOE’s authority to
establish test procedures for
dishwashers and relevant background
information regarding DOE’s
consideration of test procedures for this
product.
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A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’),1 authorizes
DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of
a number of consumer products and
certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317) Title III, Part B 2 of EPCA
established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other
Than Automobiles, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. These
products include dishwashers, the
subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6292(a)(6))
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
Federal energy conservation standards,
and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA specifically include definitions
(42 U.S.C. 6291), test procedures (42
U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42
U.S.C. 6294), energy conservation
standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the
authority to require information and
reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C.
6296).
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must
use as the basis for: (1) Certifying to
DOE that their products comply with
the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making
representations about the efficiency of
those consumer products (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C. 6297)
DOE may, however, grant waivers of
Federal preemption for particular State
laws or regulations, in accordance with
the procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
1 All references to EPCA in this NOPR refer to the
statute as amended through the Energy Act of 2020,
Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
2 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part B was redesignated Part A.
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energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including dishwashers, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on her
own behalf or in response to a petition
by any interested person, that a test
procedure should be prescribed or
amended, the Secretary shall promptly
publish in the Federal Register
proposed test procedures and afford
interested persons an opportunity to
present oral and written data, views,
and arguments with respect to such
procedures. The comment period on a
proposed rule to amend a test procedure
shall be at least 60 days and may not
exceed 270 days. In prescribing or
amending a test procedure, the
Secretary shall take into account such
information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including
technological developments relating to
energy use or energy efficiency of the
type (or class) of covered products
involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE
determines that test procedure revisions
are not appropriate, DOE must publish
its determination not to amend the test
procedures. DOE is publishing this
notice of proposed rulemaking
(‘‘NOPR’’) in satisfaction of its
requirements under EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE
amend its test procedures for all covered
products to integrate measures of
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
Standby mode and off mode energy
consumption must be incorporated into
the overall energy efficiency, energy
consumption, or other energy descriptor
for each covered product unless the
current test procedures already account
for and incorporate standby and off
mode energy consumption or such
integration is technically infeasible. If
an integrated test procedure is
technically infeasible, DOE must
prescribe a separate standby mode and
off mode energy use test procedure for
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the covered product, if technically
feasible. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)(ii))
Any such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the
International Electrotechnical
Commission (‘‘IEC’’) Standard 62301 3
and IEC Standard 62087 4 as applicable.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
B. Background
DOE most recently amended its
dishwasher test procedures in a final
rule published October 31, 2012 that
established a new test procedure at
appendix C1. 77 FR 65942 (‘‘October
2012 final rule’’). (For additional
information on the history of test
procedure rulemaking for dishwashers,
please see the October 2012 final rule.)
Appendix C1 follows the same general
procedures as those included in the
previously established appendix (i.e.,
‘‘appendix C’’), with updates to: (1)
Revise the provisions for measuring
energy consumption in standby mode or
off mode; (2) add requirements for
dishwashers with water softeners to
account for regeneration cycles; (3)
require an additional preconditioning
cycle; (4) include clarifications
regarding certain definitions, test
conditions, and test setup; and (5)
replace obsolete test load items and
soils. 77 FR 65942, 65982–65987.
Appendix C1 is currently required to
demonstrate compliance with DOE’s
energy conservation standards for
dishwashers at 10 CFR 430.32(f).
The current version of the DOE test
procedure includes provisions for
determining estimated annual energy
use (‘‘EAEU’’) in kilowatt-hours per year
(‘‘kWh/year’’), estimated annual
operating cost (‘‘EAOC’’) in dollars per
year, and water consumption in gallons
per cycle (‘‘gal/cycle’’). (10 CFR
430.23(c)) On December 13, 2016, DOE
published a final determination
(‘‘December 2016 Final Determination’’)
regarding the energy conservation
standards for dishwashers in which
DOE removed appendix C, which was
applicable only to dishwashers
manufactured before May 30, 2013. See
81 FR 90072, 90073.
On August 20, 2019, DOE published
a request for information (‘‘August 2019
RFI’’) seeking comments on the existing
test procedure for dishwashers. 84 FR
43071. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested comments, information, and
data about a number of issues,
including: Cycle selections, cycle
options, test load items, soils, annual
number of cycles, loading pattern,
detergent, rinse aid, water hardness,
standby testing, room ambient
conditions, incorporating requirements
from existing waivers for testing
dishwashers, repeatability and
reproducibility of the test procedure,
and efficiency metrics. Id.
DOE received comments in response
to the August 2019 RFI from the
interested parties listed in Table I–1.5
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TABLE I–1—AUGUST 2019 RFI WRITTEN COMMENTS
Commenter(s)
Reference in this NOPR
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy, Alliance to Save Energy, and Natural Resources Defense Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, Consumer Federation of America, National Consumer Law Center on behalf of its low-income clients.
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers 6 ..........................................
California Energy Commission (‘‘CEC’’) .......................................................
GE Appliances, a Haier company (‘‘GEA’’) ..................................................
Pacific Gas and Electric Company (‘‘PG&E’’), San Diego Gas and Electric,
and Southern California Edison.
Samsung Electronics America ......................................................................
Whirlpool Corporation ...................................................................................
Anonymous ...................................................................................................
Joint Commenters .............................
Efficiency Organizations.
AHAM ................................................
CEC ...................................................
GEA ...................................................
California Investor Owned Utilities
(‘‘CAIOUs’’).
Samsung ...........................................
Whirlpool ...........................................
Anonymous .......................................
Trade Association.
State Agency.
Manufacturer.
Utility Association.
On October 30, 2020, DOE published
a final rule (‘‘October 2020 Final Rule’’)
establishing a separate product class for
standard size dishwashers with a cycle
time for the ‘‘normal’’ cycle of less than
one hour (i.e., 60 minutes) from washing
through drying. 85 FR 68723. The
definition for the new product class of
standard size dishwashers with a
‘‘normal’’ cycle time of 60 minutes or
less defines ‘‘normal’’ cycle time by
reference to Section 1.12 of appendix
C1. 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(iii). On August
11, 2021, DOE published a NOPR
(‘‘August 2021 NOPR’’) proposing to
revoke the final rule that established the
new product class for dishwashers. 86
FR 43970. The new product class
definition, as well as the previously
established definitions for standard size
dishwasher and compact dishwasher,
incorporate by reference American
National Standards Institute (‘‘ANSI’’)
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 for specifying
the place settings used to distinguish
between ‘‘standard’’ and ‘‘compact.’’ 10
CFR 430.32(f)(1)(i)–(iii).
3 IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011–
01).
4 IEC 62087, Methods of measurement for the
power consumption of audio, video, and related
equipment (Edition 3.0, 2011–04).
5 The parenthetical reference provides a reference
for information located in the docket of DOE’s
rulemaking to develop test procedures for
dishwashers (Docket NO. EERE–2016–BT–TP–0012,
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The
references are arranged as follows: (Commenter
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II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
Currently, DOE incorporates by
reference into 10 CFR part 430 the 2010
edition of AHAM DW–1, ‘‘Household
Electric Dishwashers’’ (‘‘ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010’’) and applies certain
provisions of the standard to appendix
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Commenter type
Manufacturer.
Manufacturer.
Individual.
C1. AHAM most recently updated
AHAM DW–1 with the release of the
2020 edition and also renumbered the
standard as AHAM DW–2 (‘‘AHAM
DW–2–2020’’). AHAM also published
the new standard AHAM DW–1–2020,
‘‘Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of
Dishwashers’’ (‘‘AHAM DW–1–2020’’),
which is consistent with the existing
DOE test procedure in appendix C1,
including referencing AHAM DW–2–
2020 for the provisions where appendix
C1 currently references ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010. Several provisions in
AHAM DW–1–2020 provide updates
and additions as compared to the
existing requirements in appendix C1.
name, comment docket ID number, page of that
document).
6 DOE notes that AHAM submitted an additional
comment following close of the comment period in
which it encouraged DOE to adopt the updated
AHAM test procedure for dishwashers. (AHAM, No.
11)
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In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the new industry standard,
AHAM DW–1–2020, and update the
industry standard incorporated by
reference in 10 CFR part 430 from
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 to AHAM
DW–2–2020. Specifically, DOE proposes
to:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM
DW–1–2020 into 10 CFR part 430 and
apply certain provisions of the industry
standards to appendix C1, including the
following:
a. Add the water hardness
specification in Section 2.11 of AHAM
DW–1–2020;
b. Add the relative humidity
specification in Section 2.5.1 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 and the associated
tolerance for the measurement
instrument in Section 3.7 of AHAM
DW–1–2020;
c. Update the active mode ambient
temperature as specified in Section 2.5.1
of AHAM DW–1–2020;
d. Update the loading pattern
requirement by applying the direction
specified in Section 2.6 of AHAM DW–
1–2020;
e. Update the specifications for
detergent usage consistent with Section
2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020. This
includes changing the type of detergent
used, and the calculation of detergent
dosage to be used for the pre-wash and
main-wash cycles of dishwashers other
than water re-use system dishwashers;
f. Add specific dishwasher door
configuration requirements during
standby mode testing, by incorporating
the specifications in Section 4.2 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 and update the
annual combined low-power mode
hours based on cycle duration; and,
g. Incorporate the requirements from
AHAM DW–1–2020 for the test methods
pertaining to two granted waivers for
dishwashers with specific design
features.
(2) Establish new appendix C2, which
would generally require testing as in
appendix C1, with the following
additional update:
a. Updated number of annual cycles
and low-power mode hours used for
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calculating the estimated annual energy
use as specified in Section 5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020.
For both appendix C1 and proposed
new appendix C2, DOE additionally
proposes to:
(1) Specify provisions for scoring the
test load and calculating a per-cycle
cleaning index metric as specified in
AHAM DW–2–2020 and establish a
minimum cleaning index threshold of
65 as a condition for a test cycle to be
valid.
(2) Incorporate the test methods
specified in a waiver for testing a basic
model of dishwashers that does not
hook up to a water supply line, but has
a manually filled, built-in water tank.
Additionally, incorporate the test
methods specified in a waiver for basic
models of dishwashers that are installed
in-sink (as opposed to built-in to the
cabinetry or placed on countertops).
DOE’s proposed actions are
summarized in Table II–1 compared to
the current test procedure, as well as the
reason for the proposed change.
TABLE II–1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE RELATIVE TO CURRENT TEST PROCEDURE
Current DOE test procedure
Proposed test procedure
References provisions of ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 for
some aspects of the test procedure.
References provisions of AHAM DW–1–2020 newly incorporated into 10 CFR part 430, with limited modifications.
Adds water hardness requirement to be consistent with
AHAM DW–1–2020, which is 0 to 85 parts per million
of calcium carbonate.
Specifies the relative humidity (‘‘RH’’) requirement from
AHAM DW–1–2020, which is 35 percent ±15 percent.
References the instrumentation requirements for measuring relative humidity from AHAM DW–1–2020.
References the ambient temperature requirement from
AHAM DW–1–2020, including maintaining it at a target temperature of 75° F.
References the loading pattern from AHAM DW–1–
2020, which specifies the same loading requirements
as the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method.
References the detergent type and detergent dosing requirements from AHAM DW–1–2020, which specifies
Cascade Complete Powder detergent and dosing requirements based on number of place settings.
Does not specify a water hardness requirement ............
Does not specify any range for relative humidity ...........
Does not specify any instrumentation for measuring relative humidity.
Specifies that the ambient temperature must be maintained at 75° ±5° F.
Does not specify a loading pattern. ................................
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References the detergent type and detergent dosing requirements from ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010, which
specifies Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of
Dawn as the detergent and dosing requirements
based on water volumes in the prewash and main
wash cycles.
Uses 215 annual cycles for calculating annual energy
use.
Does not specify whether the dishwasher door should
be open or closed during standby mode testing.
Uses 8,465 hours to calculate combined low-power
mode energy consumption for dishwashers that do
not have a fan-only mode.
Does not include a method to test dishwashers operating on 208-volt power supply.
Does not include a method to test dishwashers with a
water re-use system that uses water recovered from
prior use.
Specifies installation instructions and test provisions
only for dishwashers that connect to a water supply
line.
Specifies installation instructions only for under-counter
and under-sink dishwashers.
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Applicable test
procedure
Attribution
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Reduces the annual number of cycles to 184 for calculating annual energy use.
References the requirement from AHAM DW–1–2020,
which specifies that the door must be opened at the
end of an active cycle and closed immediately prior
to standby power measurement.
References the requirement from AHAM DW–1–2020
to use the measured cycle duration to calculate combined low-power mode hours.
Includes a method to test dishwashers intended for a
208-volt power supply, which is also included in
AHAM DW–1–2020.
Specifies the test method for dishwashers with a water
re-use system from AHAM DW–1–2020.
Appendix C2 .........
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Specifies installation instructions and test provisions for
dishwashers that do not connect to a water supply
line but instead have a built-in water tank.
Specifies installation instructions for ‘‘in-sink’’ dishwashers.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
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Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Appendix C2 .........
Harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Response to waiver and
harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Response to waiver and
harmonize with industry
standard and practice.
Response to waiver.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
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TABLE II–1—SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE RELATIVE TO CURRENT TEST PROCEDURE—
Continued
Proposed test procedure
Requires placing detergent within a main wash detergent compartment.
Specifies detergent placement instructions for dishwashers that do not have a main wash detergent
compartment.
Specifies measurement of the duration of the ‘‘normal’’
cycle for the purpose of product class determination.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Response to waiver.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Update in response to new
product class.
References AHAM DW–2–2020 to specify measurement of a per-cycle cleaning index, with a threshold
value of 65 as a condition for a test cycle to be valid.
Appendix C1 and
appendix C2.
Ensure the test procedure
produces test results
which measure energy
and water use during a
representative average
use cycle.
Does not specify measurement of the normal cycle time
specifically for determining whether a standard size
dishwasher has a normal cycle time of 60 minutes or
less.
Does not specify a minimum cleaning index threshold
to valid a test cycle.
DOE has tentatively determined that
the proposed amendments to the test
procedure described in Section III of
this document for appendix C1 would
not require DOE to amend the energy
and water conservation standards for
dishwashers.
The additional proposed amendments
for the newly proposed appendix C2
would alter the reported energy and
water consumption of dishwashers, as
discussed in each relevant section of
this NOPR. However, as proposed,
testing in accordance with these specific
proposed changes would not be
required until such time as compliance
is required with any amended energy
conservation standards based on
appendix C2.
Discussion of DOE’s proposed actions
are addressed in detail in Section III of
this document.
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Applicable test
procedure
Current DOE test procedure
III. Discussion
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested stakeholder feedback on
several topics including test setup,
dishwasher cycle-related specifications,
potential inclusion of additional cycle
features, representative test load with
soiling levels, and whether further
clarification is needed for the prescribed
test procedure. 84 FR 43071.
While DOE received specific
comments pertaining to each topic on
which it requested comments, DOE also
received some general comments in
response to the August 2019 RFI. An
anonymous commenter stated that the
Federal government should refrain from
rulemakings on products. (Anonymous,
No. 3 at p. 1) AHAM stated that the
current test procedure produces
representative results, is not unduly
burdensome, and is consistent with the
DOE Appliance Standard Program’s
goals. However, AHAM commented that
there is inherent variation for soilsensing dishwashers that could not be
eliminated during testing, and that the
test procedure should provide
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additional clarity and minimize
variation, but there will always be some
inconsistent soil responses in the test.
(AHAM, No. 5 at pp. 2, 8) AHAM
further stated that adding cycles or
options, or changing the load or soils,
would add significant test burden and
decrease repeatability and
reproducibility in some cases. However,
AHAM stated, minor clarifications to
the test procedure could improve it and
suggested a number of clarifications in
its comments, which DOE addresses in
the relevant sections of this NOPR.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 2) GEA and
Whirlpool expressed support of
AHAM’s comments. (GEA, No. 10 at p.
1; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 1)
In the following sections, DOE
addresses the topics on which it
requested feedback in the August 2019
RFI, summarizes stakeholder comments
received, responds to these comments,
and proposes updates to the test
procedure based on comments and
DOE’s analyses.
A. Scope of Applicability
This rulemaking applies to
dishwashers, which are cabinet-like
appliances which with the aid of water
and detergent, wash, rinse, and dry
(when a drying process is included)
dishware, glassware, eating utensils,
and most cooking utensils by chemical,
mechanical and/or electrical means and
discharge to the plumbing drainage
system. 10 CFR 430.2. DOE is not
proposing to amend the scope of the
current dishwasher test procedure.
B. Updates to Industry Standards
The current dishwasher test
procedure at appendix C1 references the
AHAM industry standard, ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010, for certain provisions of
the DOE test procedure. In the August
2019 RFI, DOE requested comments in
reference to this industry standard. 84
FR 43071, 43078. At the time of the
August 2019 RFI, AHAM DW–1–2019,
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Attribution
‘‘Household Electric Dishwashers’’
(‘‘AHAM DW–1–2019’’) was the most
recent version of the industry standard.
In response to the August 2019 RFI,
stakeholders commented on the
potential incorporation by reference of
AHAM DW–1–2019, the then-current
version of the industry standard. This
NOPR refers to ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010 and AHAM DW–1–2019, when
discussing the August 2019 RFI and
stakeholder comments, respectively.
Since the publication of the August
2019 RFI, AHAM published AHAM
DW–1–2020 and AHAM DW–2–2020.
AHAM DW–1–2020 provides an
industry test procedure for determining
the energy and water consumption of
dishwashers, updating the relevant test
procedure provisions that were
previously in ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010.7 AHAM DW–1–2020 specifies
definitions, testing conditions,
instrumentation, test cycle and
measurements, and calculations for
energy and water consumption of
dishwashers. AHAM DW–1–2020 also
references the IEC Standard 62301,
‘‘Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power’’,
Edition 2.0, 2011–01 (‘‘IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0’’) for measuring standby mode and
off mode power consumption. AHAM
DW–1–2020 was developed by AHAM
based upon the current appendix C1
and references, as applicable, AHAM
DW–2–2020 in each instance where
appendix C1 currently references ANSI/
AHAM DW–1–2010.8 AHAM DW–1–
2020 also includes updates that reflect
AHAM’s comments in response to the
August 2019 RFI. Additionally, AHAM
included requirements pertaining to the
7 As noted previously, AHAM DW–1–2019
included the measurement of cleaning performance
but not energy or water consumption.
8 The current references to ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010 specify place settings, serving pieces, soiling
procedures, loading procedures, and detergent
specifications—all of which are now specified in
AHAM DW–2–2020.
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two dishwasher test procedure waivers
that were in effect as of July 2020. DOE
participated in the AHAM DW–1–2020
development process and provided
feedback and comments for the task
group’s consideration on various topics.
AHAM DW–2–2020 supersedes the
AHAM DW–1–2019 industry standard.9
AHAM included minor changes and
illustrations to improve consistency
throughout the document, to reflect the
latest representative items used for
testing, and to eliminate ambiguity in
test preparation. DOE proposes to
reference relevant sections of AHAM
DW–2–2020, which includes setup,
measurement, and calculation
instructions for evaluating dishwasher
cleaning performance, for its proposal to
specify a per-cycle cleaning index
threshold as a condition for a valid test
cycle.
Because ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010
and AHAM DW–1–2019 have been
superseded, the updates proposed in
this NOPR are consistent with AHAM
DW–1–2020 and AHAM DW–2–2020, as
appropriate. Where the requirements
differ between succeeding documents,
the implications of these differences are
discussed in more detail in the
respective sections of this NOPR.
DOE is proposing to incorporate by
reference into 10 CFR part 430 the
currently applicable industry test
procedure for dishwashers, AHAM DW–
1–2020. Simultaneously, DOE is also
proposing to update the industry
standard incorporated by reference in 10
CFR part 430 from ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010 to AHAM DW–2–2020. In
addition, DOE is proposing to reference
in appendix C1 and newly proposed
appendix C2 specific provisions of
AHAM DW–1–2020 and AHAM DW–2–
2020, with modifications, to clarify
provisions where the applicable
industry consensus standards would not
produce test results that are
representative of the energy and water
use of certain products.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to incorporate by reference
into 10 CFR part 430 the most recent
version of the industry standard for
dishwasher energy and water use
measurement, AHAM DW–1–2020, as
well as the industry performance
standard, AHAM DW–2–2020, both
with modifications. DOE seeks comment
on its preliminary conclusion that the
proposed modifications to the industry
standards are necessary so that the DOE
9 AHAM updated its numbering scheme for
dishwasher standards, wherein DW–2 measures
cleaning performance, whereas DW–1 measures
energy and water consumption.
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test method satisfies the requirements of
EPCA.
C. Metrics
DOE’s dishwasher test procedures in
10 CFR 430.23(c) and appendix C1
provide results for dishwasher energy
consumption in kWh/year and water
consumption in gal/cycle. In the August
2019 RFI, DOE requested feedback on an
energy and water use metric on a perplace setting basis, including any data
characterizing how the energy use of
dishwashers on the market in the
United States could be impacted by it.
84 FR 43071, 43078.
DOE received comments regarding
potential per-place setting energy and
water use metrics. AHAM opposed such
metrics and recommended that DOE
maintain the number of place settings
and metrics currently in appendix C1.
AHAM stated that per-place setting
energy and water use metrics could be
confusing, whereas the current method
is a less complex way to compare
products. Also, AHAM expressed
concern that a per-place setting metric
would be too reliant on a claimed value
of the number of place settings. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 9) GEA expressed its support
of AHAM’s comments, stating that a
per-place setting measurement would
encourage manufacturers to increase the
listed number of place settings to allow
a higher maximum annual energy use,
and that a uniform metric ensures
appropriate comparison of ratings
among models. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
The Joint Commenters also opposed the
incorporation of per-place setting
metrics for energy and water usage and
provided data that they stated
demonstrates that there is no correlation
between place-setting capacity and
energy or water use. (Joint Commenters,
No. 8 at pp. 2–3) The CAIOUs also did
not support per-place setting energy and
water metrics, commenting that they
have found no correlation between
capacity and energy or water use, and
that such metrics would cause
confusion in the market. (CAIOUs, No.
7 at p. 3)
In this NOPR, DOE does not propose
changing the efficiency metrics to a perplace setting basis. At this time, DOE
does not have data to support the
adoption of such a metric. The data
submitted by the Joint Commenters
demonstrates a wide range of certified
annual energy and per-cycle water use
values among units available on the
market listed in DOE’s Compliance
Certification Database.
DOE agrees with the Joint
Commenters’ assertion that currently
available data demonstrates no
consistent correlation between place-
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72743
setting capacity and either energy or
water use. Additionally, such a metric
would also likely require development
of an additional method to determine
capacity based on place settings. At this
time, DOE proposes to maintain the
current efficiency metrics in appendix
C1 and the new appendix C2.
D. Test Setup
1. Water Hardness
Appendix C1 does not currently
specify any water hardness requirement
for testing. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested information on how water
hardness may impact consumer
dishwasher energy and water
performance, and on the burden
associated with including a water
hardness requirement in the DOE test
procedure. 84 FR 43071, 43077. DOE
also requested information on the
hardness level of water used in current
testing as compared to the water
hardness level specified in ANSI/
AHAM DW–1–2010, and the degree to
which the water hardness level impacts
whether the test procedure is reasonably
designed to measure energy or water use
during a representative use cycle or
period of use. Id.
AHAM, GEA, Joint Commenters,
CAIOUs, and CEC expressed concern
over the potential variability caused by
the lack of a water hardness condition
and recommended that DOE implement
a water hardness requirement between 0
and 85 parts per million (‘‘ppm’’) of
calcium carbonate (‘‘CaCO3’’), consistent
with ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7; GEA, No. 10 at
p. 2; Joint Commenters, No. 8 at p. 1;
CAIOUs, No. 7 at p. 2; CEC, No. 6 at p.
2) AHAM further stated that the water
hardness specifications in AHAM DW–
1–2019, which are the same as the water
hardness specifications in ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010, are consistent with
laboratory practice. Further, AHAM
expects that laboratories already have
this capability and that including the
requirement in DOE’s test procedure
would not increase test burden and
would add clarity to the test. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 7).
These comments from interested
parties suggest that varying levels of
water hardness may impact measured
energy and water usage during testing.
To reduce potential variability across
testing facilities and to support
reproducibility of results, DOE proposes
incorporating the water hardness
requirements in Section 2.11 of AHAM
DW–1–2020, which specifies a
maximum water hardness of 85 ppm of
CaCO3. This water hardness
specification is the same as the water
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hardness specification in ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010, AHAM DW–1–2019, and
AHAM DW–2–2020, indicating on-going
industry practice. Additionally, in the
October 2012 final rule, AHAM and
Whirlpool commented that the
American Water Works Association
found a water hardness range of 0 to 85
ppm to be the normal range occurring in
municipal water supplies, and
Whirlpool stated that the water
hardness specification was intended to
reduce lab-to-lab test variation. 77 FR
65942, 65967. Although DOE did not
adopt a water hardness specification in
the October 2012 final rule due to a lack
of data, it acknowledged that it had
proposed to include such a water
hardness requirement in the ENERGY
STAR test method for evaluating
dishwasher cleaning performance that
was under development at that time,
and that DOE might consider the topic
again in a future rulemaking if such data
became available. Id. DOE finalized the
ENERGY STAR ‘‘Test Method for
Determining Residential Dishwasher
Cleaning Performance’’ (‘‘ENERGY
STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method’’) in 2014, which includes such
a water hardness specification and
which manufacturers have the option to
use to report cleaning performance data.
As such, certain manufacturers may
already be testing their dishwashers
according to these water hardness
specifications. DOE notes that nine
dishwasher brands are included in
ENERGY STAR’s Most Efficient
database,10 and that manufacturers of
these models must report cleaning
performance as measured by the
ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance
Test Method. Furthermore, AHAM
stated that it expects laboratories
already have the capability to control
water hardness to within these
specifications. As such, DOE does not
expect this proposal to be unduly
burdensome or impact the rated energy
and water use of dishwashers.
Additionally, as described further in
Section III.G of this document, DOE is
proposing to specify a minimum
cleaning index threshold as a condition
for a valid test cycle, which may also be
impacted by water hardness.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to require use of the water
hardness requirements from Section
2.11 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
10 ENERGY STAR Most Efficient database
available at www.energystar.gov/most-efficient/mecertified-dishwashers. Last accessed October 23,
2020.
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2. Relative Humidity
Currently, appendix C1 does not
specify an ambient relative humidity for
testing. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested comment on whether ambient
relative humidity affects energy or water
consumption, and whether test facilities
already maintain an ambient relative
humidity of 20 to 50 percent, as
specified in ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010.
Additionally, DOE requested
information on what, if any, test burden
would result from a relative humidity
specification and the extent of any such
burden. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
AHAM supported amending appendix
C1 to specify relative humidity test
conditions, stating that relative
humidity is a potential source of
variation. AHAM recommended
specifying relative humidity consistent
with the requirements in AHAM DW–1–
2019, which according to AHAM, would
entail minimal test burden since testing
facilities already have such capability.
AHAM further commented that
imposing a relative humidity
requirement would add clarity to the
test procedure and reduce variation
among testing laboratories. (AHAM, No.
5 at p. 8) GEA also expressed support
for establishing a relative humidity
requirement consistent with AHAM
DW–1–2019. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2).
DOE proposes amending appendix C1
to include the relative humidity
requirement of AHAM DW–1–2020,
which specifies in Section 2.5.1 that an
ambient relative humidity condition of
35 percent ±15 percent must be
maintained in the testing room
throughout the soiling application and
2-hour air dry period. DOE also
proposes to include this same
requirement in the new appendix C2.
The proposed ambient relative humidity
level is the same requirement specified
in ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010, which
DOE referred to in its August 2019 RFI,
and AHAM DW–1–2019, which
stakeholders referenced in their
comments.
DOE’s testing experience suggests that
ambient relative humidity could
potentially impact the adherence of the
applied soils to the test load during the
2-hour air-dry period specified in
AHAM DW–2–2020 (which is the same
as that specified in ANSI/AHAM DW–
1–2010 and AHAM DW–1–2019). The
adherence of the applied soil loads to
the dishware could impact the amount
of energy and water required to remove
those soils for soil-sensing dishwashers,
which constitute a significant
percentage of dishwashers on the
market. Further, adherence of the
applied soil loads could impact cleaning
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performance, which in turn could
impact the determination of the validity
of each test cycle (see Section III.G of
this document for more details).
Establishing a relative humidity
requirement would limit any such
potential variation and increase
repeatability and reproducibility of test
results. As discussed, the proposed
relative humidity requirement is the
same as the requirement in AHAM
dishwasher standards, indicating that
this reflects current industry practice.
Additionally, AHAM stated that it
expects laboratories already have the
capability to control relative humidity
to within these specifications. As such,
DOE does not expect this proposal to
increase test burden as compared to
current industry practice.
In conjunction with this proposed
relative humidity test condition, DOE
also proposes to include the relative
humidity measuring device requirement
specified in Section 3.7 of AHAM DW–
1–2020, which states that relative
humidity measurement equipment must
have a resolution of at least 1 percent
relative humidity, and an accuracy of at
least ±6 percent relative humidity over
the temperature range of 75 degrees
Fahrenheit (‘‘°F’’) ±5 °F.
DOE has compared this proposed
requirement to the relative humidity
measuring device requirements
currently specified in other DOE test
procedures. The Uniform Test Method
for Measuring the Energy Consumption
of Clothes Dryers at 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix D1 and appendix
D2; appendix E (Water Heaters);
appendix H (Television Sets); appendix
M and appendix M1 (Central Air
Conditioners and Heat Pumps);
appendix O (Vented Home Heating
Equipment); appendix U (Ceiling Fans);
appendix X1 (Dehumidifiers); and
appendix AA (Furnace Fans) all require
the use of a measuring device with a
specified error tolerance to measure
relative humidity. These appendices
specify tolerances for the relative
humidity measuring device ranging
from 0.7 percent to 5 percent relative
humidity. Therefore, DOE’s proposal
specifying a maximum error of no
greater than ±6 percent relative
humidity to ensure accurate
measurement of relative humidity while
testing should not cause undue burden,
since testing facilities that test other
covered consumer products or
equipment that require control of the
ambient relative humidity already have
the capability to meet the proposed
requirement.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to reference AHAM DW–1–
2020 for the relative humidity and
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associated instrumentation
requirements, which specifies a relative
humidity test condition of 35 percent
±15 percent, and a resolution of at least
1 percent relative humidity and an
accuracy of at least ±6 percent relative
humidity over the temperature range of
75 °F ±5 °F for the relative humidity
measuring device. To the extent that
stakeholder have additional
information, DOE requests data
regarding the impact of relative
humidity on dishwasher energy and
water usage.
3. Ambient Temperature
Section 2.5.1 of appendix C1
currently specifies an ambient
temperature of 75 °F ±5 °F for active
mode testing. In the August 2019 RFI,
DOE requested comment regarding the
impacts of narrowing the allowable
ambient temperature range on
dishwasher energy and water
consumption, and whether this change
would represent a burden for test
facilities. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
In response, AHAM requested that
DOE maintain the same room ambient
temperature range of 75 ±5 °F, but that
the test procedure should specify that
75 °F is the nominal target temperature.
AHAM stated that the DOE clothes
washer test procedure at 10 CFR part
430, subpart B, appendix J2 uses the
same approach of establishing both a
tolerance range and a target
temperature. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 8) GEA
and Whirlpool additionally
recommended specifying a target
temperature of 75 °F in accordance with
AHAM’s suggestion. (GEA, No. 10 at p.
2; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 3) Whirlpool
further stated that the temperature range
is potentially a large source of variation
in the test, and suggested reducing the
allowable temperature tolerance from a
range of 10 °F, providing confidential
data to support its position. (Whirlpool,
No. 4 at p. 3)
DOE notes that Section 2.5.1 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 specifies an
ambient temperature of 75 °F ±5 °F and
further specifies a target temperature of
75 °F. DOE is proposing to reference
these ambient temperature requirements
in AHAM DW–1–2020 in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2. This
proposed amendment would improve
repeatability and reproducibility of
results while minimizing additional test
burden. As the proposed amendment is
consistent with the industry standard, it
reflects current industry practice.
Additionally, as commented by AHAM,
this amendment is consistent with the
approach used to specify ambient
temperature in the clothes washer test
procedure at appendix J2.
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DOE requests input on its proposal to
specify a target nominal ambient
temperature of 75 °F for active mode
testing, as referenced from AHAM DW–
1–2020.
72745
address the Miele waiver for
dishwashers that operate at 208-volts.
On April 10, 2017, DOE published a
Decision and Order granting Miele, Inc.
(‘‘Miele’’) a test procedure waiver
(‘‘Miele waiver’’) for testing a specified
basic model intended for a 208-volt
power supply rather than the 115 volts
or 240 volts specified in appendix C1.
82 FR 17227 (Case No. DW–12).11 Miele
is required to test the basic model
specified in the Miele waiver using
appendix C1, except that it must
maintain the electrical supply to the
dishwasher at 208 volts ±2 percent and
within 1 percent of its nameplate
frequency as specified by the
manufacturer; and maintain a
continuous electrical supply to the unit
throughout testing, including the
preconditioning cycles, specified in
Section 2.9 of appendix C1, and in
between all test cycles. 82 FR 17227,
17228–17229.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested feedback on whether the test
procedure waiver provisions were
generally appropriate for testing basic
models with the same attributes as those
subject to the Miele waiver. 84 FR
43071, 43078.
In response, both GEA and AHAM
supported incorporating the provisions
of the Miele waiver into appendix C1.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 9; GE, No. 10 at p.
2) Subsequently, AHAM published the
AHAM DW–1–2020 standard, which
includes provisions in Section 2.2.2 for
testing dishwashers that operate with an
electrical supply of 208 volts.
As soon as practicable after the
granting of any waiver, DOE is required
to publish in the Federal Register a
notice of proposed rulemaking to amend
its regulations so as to eliminate any
need for the continuation of such
waiver. 10 CFR 430.27(l). As soon
thereafter as practicable, DOE will
publish in the Federal Register a final
rule. Id. Since AHAM DW–1–2020
includes the language from the Miele
waiver, DOE proposes to reference these
requirements in appendix C1 and the
new appendix C2 for dishwashers that
operate at 208-volts.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to reference in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2 the testing
provisions from AHAM DW–1–2020 to
5. Built-In Water Reservoir
DOE published a Decision and Order
on December 9, 2020 (‘‘December 2020
Decision and Order’’), granting CNA
International Inc. (‘‘CNA’’) a test
procedure waiver (‘‘CNA waiver’’) for a
basic model of a compact dishwasher
that does not connect to a water supply
line and instead has a built-in reservoir
that must be manually filled with water.
85 FR 79171 (Case No. 2020–008).12
This NOPR proposes amendments
regarding the specific design
characteristics addressed in the CNA
waiver, generalized to be applicable to
any future dishwasher models with this
design characteristic, so as to eliminate
any need for the continuation of this
waiver.
On September 4, 2020, DOE
published a notice that announced its
receipt of the petition for waiver and
granted CNA an interim waiver. 85 FR
55268 (‘‘CNA Notice of Petition for
Waiver’’). In its petition for waiver and
petition for interim waiver, CNA
requested that DOE waive sections of
the dishwasher test procedure requiring
water inflow and water pressure criteria
pertaining to a water hookup that allows
automatic water inflow into the
machine during the test cycle. 85 FR
55268, 55270 Instead, CNA suggested an
alternate test procedure in which the
water tank is manually filled before the
test is run and water consumption is
stipulated. (Id.) In the CNA Notice of
Petition for Waiver, DOE granted CNA
an interim waiver that specified an
alternate test procedure that would be
appropriate for testing the subject basic
model and solicited comments from
interested parties on all aspects of the
petition and the specified alternate test
procedure. Id. at 85 FR 55270–55271.
DOE received two comments in
response to the Notice of Petition for
Waiver, and an additional comment
response on behalf of CNA.
Based on review of these comments,
DOE determined in the December 2020
Decision and Order that the alternate
test procedure granted in the interim
waiver, with additional clarifying
modifications, will allow for the
accurate measurement of the energy and
water use of the product while
alleviating the problems CNA identified
regarding testing the specified basic
model according to DOE’s applicable
dishwashers test procedure. 85 FR
79171, 79171. In particular, the alternate
11 All materials regarding the Miele waiver are
available in docket EERE–2016–BT–WAV–0039 at
www.regulations.gov.
12 All materials regarding the CNA waiver are
available in docket EERE–2020–BT–WAV–0024 at
www.regulations.gov.
4. 208-Volt Power
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test procedure specified in the
December 2020 Decision and Order
included the following provisions:
(1) The water pressure, water meter, and
water pressure gauge specifications do not
apply because the water is added manually
to the reservoir;
(2) Instructions to manually fill the builtin water reservoir to the full 5-liter reservoir
capacity stated by the manufacturer;
(3) The water temperature is in accordance
with Section 2.3.3 of appendix C1 (i.e., 50°
±2 °F)
(3) Instructions regarding the required
sequence of events as specified in the
manufacturer instructions: Power on the
dishwasher, then manually fill the built-in
water reservoir, then begin the test cycle
within 2 minutes after powering on the
dishwasher;
(4) For each preconditioning cycle, the
built-in reservoir is manually filled before
each cycle, and measurement of the prewash
fill water volume (if any) and main wash fill
water volume are not taken; instead, main
wash fill water volume is specified as 0.396
gallons (1.5 liters);
(6) Water consumption measurements are
not performed; instead, water consumption is
specified as 4.8 liters.
85 FR 79171, 79174.
DOE proposes to incorporate each of
these provisions into both appendix C1
and proposed new appendix C2,
generalizing those provisions that were
specific to the basic model subject to the
CNA waiver to be applicable for a
dishwasher of any capacity with a
manually filled built-in water reservoir.
Specifically:
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(1) Refer to the full reservoir capacity as
reported by the manufacturer (rather than
specifying the full capacity as 5 liters);
(2) Require following any sequence of
events specified in the manufacturer
instructions (rather than specifying the
particular sequence of events required for the
basic model subject to the CNA waiver);
(3) Use the prewash fill water volume (if
any) and main wash water fill volume as
reported by the manufacturer (rather than
specifying a main wash fill water volume of
1.5 liters);
(4) Water consumption for each test cycle
is the value reported by the manufacturer
(rather than specifying water consumption as
4.8 liters).
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to incorporate the
requirements of the CNA waiver for any
dishwasher with a built-in reservoir. In
particular, DOE requests stakeholder
feedback on using the detergent dosage
requirement based on number of place
settings rather than main wash water
volume in the new appendix C2, for
dishwashers with built-in reservoirs.
6. In-Sink Installation
On October 15, 2020, FOTILE Kitchen
Ware Co. Ltd. (‘‘FOTILE’’) filed a
petition for waiver and interim waiver
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seeking a waiver from the installation
requirements specified in appendix C1,
which pertain to under-counter or
under-sink dishwashers. 86 FR 26712,
26713.
In granting FOTILE an interim waiver
on February 8, 2021, DOE noted that
FOTILE’s alternate test procedure
specified a test enclosure that differed
from the installation instructions
provided in the operation manual. 86
FR 8548, 8549. Specifically, the
alternate test procedure retained a
requirement that the enclosure be
brought into the closest contact with the
appliance that the configuration of the
dishwasher allows. In the case of
FOTILE’s basic models, this would
include close contact between the
bottom of the enclosure and the
underside of the in-sink dishwasher. In
the FOTILE interim waiver notice, DOE
noted that because the height of the
product is 215⁄16 inches (541 millimeters
(mm)), placing the bottom part of the
enclosure as close as possible to the
bottom of the compact in-sink
dishwasher would conflict with the
installation instructions in the operation
manual, which specify a minimum
enclosure height of 357⁄16 inches (900
mm). Id. This may potentially result in
differing heat losses from the
dishwasher that could impact energy
consumption during the cycle. Id. In the
interim waiver notice, DOE further
noted that specifying the enclosure
would be consistent with the
manufacturer installation instructions
and would provide results that are more
representative of average use and
requested comment on this topic. 86 FR
8548, 8551. DOE did not receive any
comments in response to the FOTILE
interim waiver.
On May 17, 2021, DOE published a
Decision and Order granting FOTILE the
waiver (‘‘FOTILE waiver’’). 86 FR
26712, 26715–26716 (Case No. 2020–
020).13 Specifically, according to the
published FOTILE waiver, FOTILE is
required to test compact in-sink
dishwashers using appendix C1 with
modifications to install these
dishwasher basic models from the top of
a rectangular enclosure (as opposed to
the front). 86 FR 26712, 26713. DOE also
specified the use of the installation
requirements that were proposed in the
alternate test procedure in the FOTILE
interim waiver, with modifications to
the provisions pertaining to the
enclosure in which the dishwasher is
tested. 86 FR 26712, 26714–26715.
13 All materials regarding the FOTILE waiver are
available in docket EERE–2020–BT–WAV–0035 at
www.regulations.gov.
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On July 22, 2021, DOE published a
notification of extension of waiver
granting a waiver to additional in-sink
FOTILE basic model dishwashers. 86 FR
38700 (Case No. 2021–005).
DOE proposes to incorporate into
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2
the alternate test procedures in the
FOTILE waiver, such that the
installation requirements would be
applicable for any in-sink dishwasher.
Specifically, DOE proposes that the
requirements pertaining to the
rectangular enclosure for under-counter
or under-sink dishwashers that are
specified in Section 2.1 of AHAM DW–
1–2020 would not be applicable to insink dishwashers. For such
dishwashers, DOE proposes that the
rectangular enclosure must consist of a
front, a back, two sides, and a bottom.
The front, back, and sides of the
enclosure must be brought into the
closest contact with the appliance that
the dishwasher configuration allows.
DOE additionally proposes that the
height of the enclosure must be as
specified in the manufacturer’s
instructions for installation height. If no
instructions are provided, DOE proposes
that the enclosure height must be 36
inches, since this is the typical height of
kitchen cabinetry with counters
attached, which is where such a
dishwasher would be installed. DOE
also proposes that the dishwasher must
be installed from the top and mounted
to the edges of the enclosure.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to incorporate into appendix
C1 and the new appendix C2 the
installation requirements for in-sink
dishwashers from the FOTILE waiver.
7. Absence of Main Detergent
Compartment
In addition to seeking a waiver for the
installation requirements for in-sink
dishwashers, the basic models for which
FOTILE sought a waiver do not have a
main detergent compartment. 86 FR
26712, 26713. Specifically, according to
the published FOTILE waiver, FOTILE
is required to test compact in-sink
dishwashers placing the detergent
directly into the washing chamber. 86
FR 26712, 26715.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate the provisions for detergent
placement specified in the FOTILE
waiver into both appendix C1 and
proposed new appendix C2,
generalizing this provision such that it
would be applicable to any dishwasher
that does not have a detergent
compartment.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal that the detergent must be
placed directly into the dishwasher
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chamber for any dishwasher that does
not have a prewash or main wash
detergent compartment.
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E. Test Cycle Amendments
1. Cycle Selections
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested feedback on certain aspects
regarding dishwasher testing cycle
selection. DOE requested information on
consumers’ selection frequency of
normal cycles and other cycle types, in
addition to the data gathered in the U.S.
Energy Information Agency’s (‘‘EIA’’)
2015 Residential Energy Consumption
Survey (‘‘RECS’’). DOE also sought
information on whether cycle selection
varies based on a specific product’s
energy and water consumption; if
additional cycle options are available
with the normal cycle, including any
temperature or drying options other
than those recommended by the
manufacturer, the means for consumers
to select additional cycle options; and
the frequency with which consumers
select the options. 84 FR 43071, 43074.
AHAM commented that consumers
still most frequently select the normal
cycle, and when consumers decide on a
cycle selection, they typically use it for
most of their cycles. Therefore, AHAM
opposed any changes to the currently
tested normal cycle. (AHAM, No. 5 at p.
3) AHAM asserted that EPCA does not
require every possible cycle,
combination of options, or use pattern
to be tested, as such testing would be
unduly burdensome to conduct and not
representative of an average use cycle or
period of use. AHAM commented that
all potential use conditions need not be
tested for representative results.
According to AHAM, to establish or
amend representative average use
cycles, DOE must demonstrate national,
statistically average consumer behavior
that would warrant changing the current
test procedure, based on consumer
usage data. AHAM concludes there is no
basis for extrapolating regional
consumer data. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 2)
AHAM opposed adding more cycle
options to the test because it asserts that
there are not sufficient data, and the test
could be unduly burdensome to
conduct. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 3).
Conversely, CEC commented that
although it does not have information
indicating frequent selection of other
cycle types in addition to the normal
cycle, if DOE has information indicating
frequent consumer selection of other
cycle types, then DOE is obligated to
include measurement of the energy
consumption of those other cycle types
in the test procedure. (CEC, No. 6 at pp.
1–2).
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Both GEA and Whirlpool supported
AHAM’s comment that the normal cycle
should remain the tested cycle. (GEA,
No. 10 at p. 2; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 2)
Both manufacturers submitted
confidential data that supported the
position that the manufacturerdesignated normal cycle still represents
consumer preference regarding cycle
selection. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 3;
Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 2).
Samsung supported DOE’s initiatives
to study consumer data on which cycle
is most representative of consumer use.
(Samsung, No. 9 at p. 2).
The CAIOUs referenced PG&E’s 2016
Home Energy Use Survey to support
their claim that the tested normal cycle
including any power-dry feature, in the
current test procedure, is still the cycle
most representative of how consumers
operate dishwashers. The CAIOUs
further stated that consumers would be
less likely to switch from using the
normal cycle if DOE were to incorporate
cleaning performance in the test
procedure, and recommended DOE
investigate incorporating a cleaning
performance test. (CAIOUs, No. 7 at pp.
1–2).
Absent data that reflects national use
and frequency of use of other cycle
types, DOE is not proposing changes to
cycle selections for testing at this time.
However, as discussed in more detail in
Section III.G of this document, DOE is
proposing a minimum cleaning index
threshold for a test cycle to be
considered valid. Under the proposal, if
the normal cycle does not meet a
specified threshold at any soil-load,
DOE proposes that the most energyintensive cycle be tested and used for
certification purposes at that soil load.
DOE believes this alternative approach
would better represent an average use
cycle by capturing those consumers that
may select other cycles for washing
dishes if the cleaning performance of
the normal cycle does not meet their
expectations, because higher energy use
provides increased thermal and
mechanical action for removing soils,
thus correlating generally with
improved cleaning performance.
In response to the August 2019 RFI,
Samsung also commented that DOE
should specify that the manufacturerrecommended cycle for normal, regular,
or typical use with the lowest energy
efficiency should be selected as the test
cycle if multiple cycle settings meet the
definition of ‘‘normal cycle.’’ (Samsung,
No. 9 at p. 2).
Regarding Samsung’s suggestion, DOE
notes that the current test procedure at
appendix C1 already defines a ‘‘normal
cycle’’ in Section 1.12 as the
manufacturer-recommended cycle for
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daily, regular, or typical use. Section
1.12 additionally specifies that if more
than one cycle meets the definition of a
normal cycle, the most energy-intensive
cycle (i.e., the cycle with the lowest
energy efficiency) is considered the
normal cycle. Section 1.12 of appendix
C1. Therefore, the current test procedure
already addresses Samsung’s suggestion.
Based on the information and
comments received, DOE is not
proposing any changes to the
dishwasher test cycle selections, except
with regard to validating the test cycle
pursuant to the minimum cleaning
index threshold that DOE proposes to
include in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2. (See Section III.G of this
document.) DOE is also not proposing to
add any additional cycle options to the
tested normal cycle.
2. Drying Energy Measurement
Section 5.3 of appendix C1 specifies
a methodology for determining the
‘‘drying energy’’ consumption of a
dishwasher. Dishwashers typically
incorporate technologies to assist with
drying the dishes after completion of the
rinse portion of the cycle. Some
dishwashers use an exposed resistance
heater to heat the air inside the washing
chamber after the final rinse to
evaporate the water from the dishware.
Other dishwasher models, however, do
not use a resistance heater to heat the
air, but instead achieve drying by
raising the temperature of the final rinse
water. The heated rinse water
evaporates more quickly from the dishes
after completion of the rinse portion of
the cycle.
Section 1.14 of appendix C1 defines
‘‘power-dry feature’’ as the introduction
of electrically-generated heat into the
washing chamber for the purpose of
improving the drying performance of
the dishwasher. Further, the definition
of ‘‘normal cycle’’ in Section 1.12 of
appendix C1 specifically includes the
power-dry feature as part of the normal
cycle. Section 5.3 of appendix C1
specifies a methodology for calculating
the energy consumed by the power-dry
feature after the termination of the last
rinse option (emphasis added). Half of
this drying energy is subtracted from the
total dishwasher energy calculations of
EAOC and EAEU at 10 CFR 430.23(c)(1)
and (2), respectively.14
Because the application of Section 5.3
is limited to drying energy consumed
only after the termination of the last
rinse option, it would not be applicable
to the drying energy use of a dishwasher
14 This reflects consumer use of the power-dry
feature for 50 percent (i.e., half) of dishwasher
cycles.
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that employs heated rinse technology,
since such energy is consumed as part
of the final rinse rather than after the
final rinse. Rather, the energy use
associated with the heated rinse would
be captured as part of the normal cycle
machine energy consumption. As a
result, the energy use associated with
heated rinse drying technology would
be factored into EAOC and EAEU in its
entirety, rather than only by half, as
described for units with conventional
power-dry technology that occurs after
the final rinse.
DOE requested information and data
on the extent to which manufacturers
increase the temperature of the final
rinse water to improve drying
performance. 84 FR 43071, 43074. DOE
further requested information on the
extent to which manufacturers
implement such a drying strategy as part
of the normal cycle, and whether and to
what extent such units provide an
option to eliminate this drying function.
Id. DOE also requested data and
information on the energy use
associated with increasing the
temperature of the final rinse water as
a means to improve drying performance,
including any available options. Id.
AHAM opposed the addition of cycle
options, including a power-dry option,
to appendix C1. They claimed a lack of
available data to suggest that consumers
were selecting a power-dry feature at a
frequency that would be considered
representative of ‘‘average’’ consumer
use. Therefore, requiring the selection of
a power-dry option while testing would
add unnecessary test burden. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 3) GEA supported AHAM’s
comments opposing the addition of
cycle options stating that there is no
justification for adding cycle options the
test procedure, including the power dry
feature. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
In response to the comments from
AHAM and GEA regarding the testing of
a power-dry option, DOE notes that
appendix C1 already requires testing of
a power-dry cycle option, if available.
Appendix C1 requires testing of
dishwashers on the normal cycle, which
is defined as the ‘‘cycle type, including
washing and drying temperature
options, recommended in the
manufacturer’s instructions for daily,
regular, or typical use to completely
wash a full load of normally soiled
dishes including the power-dry feature’’
(emphasis added). Section 1.12 of
appendix C1. That is, the power-dry
option is already selected during testing,
if available.
At this time, DOE does not propose
any changes to the measurement of
drying energy to accommodate units
that use heated rinse to achieve drying.
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The current measurement of drying
energy consumption is dependent upon
a clearly identifiable boundary between
the conclusion of the final rinse and the
activation of electrically-generated heat
into the washing chamber. For units that
use heated rinse to achieve drying, DOE
initially determines that it would be
burdensome to isolate the energy
specifically attributable to raising the
temperature of the final rinse, since
such energy use would be embedded
within the total energy use measured
during that portion of the cycle; i.e., it
would not be possible to determine the
‘‘drying energy’’ without, for example,
sub-metering the electrical energy use of
the internal water heater. For these
reasons, DOE is not proposing any
changes to the existing requirements for
measuring drying energy.
3. Annual Number of Cycles
Section 5.7 of appendix C1 calculates
combined low-power mode energy
consumption, which factors into the
EAEU calculation, using 215 annual
cycles. DOE established the 215-cycle
value in the August 2003 final rule,
relying on data from several sources on
consumer dishwasher usage behavior,
including the 1997 version of RECS,
several consumer dishwasher
manufacturers, detergent manufacturers,
energy and consumer interest groups,
independent researchers, and
government agencies. 68 FR 51887,
51889–51890. In the August 2019 RFI,
DOE referenced an energy conservation
standards NOPR published December
12, 2014 (79 FR 76142, ‘‘December 2014
NOPR’’) and chapter 7 of its
accompanying technical support
document (‘‘TSD’’), which provided
justification for using 215 cycles as the
annual cycle estimate for EAEU
calculations.15 84 FR 43071, 43075. In
the December 2014 NOPR, DOE
considered survey data from the 2009
version of RECS—which suggested 171
average annual cycles—but determined
that because RECS 2009 used a binning
approach 16 rather than providing point
estimates of usage, and because of the
large data set of consumers’ residential
dishwasher usage habits used to
develop the 215-cycle value, it would
retain use of that value. 79 FR 76142,
76156. DOE also noted that 215 cycles
per year is the number of cycles on
which the EnergyGuide label
administered by the Federal Trade
Commission (‘‘FTC’’) is based. Id.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested any additional information on
annual consumer use of dishwashers,
including on the appropriateness of the
analysis that incorporates the 2009
RECS data and whether it results in a
representative annual usage estimate. 84
FR 43071, 43075. DOE also sought
feedback on the suitability of data from
the 2015 RECS, the survey for which
directly asked for the typical number of
dishwasher cycles per week rather than
providing binned response options such
as those included in the 2009 RECS. Id.
In response, AHAM and GEA
recommended that DOE consider the
latest (2015) RECS data in its analysis
for the annual number of cycles used in
the EAEU calculations. (AHAM, No. 5 at
p. 4; GEA, No. 10 at p. 3) GEA stated
that, based on the consumer data it
collected, 50 percent of the time
consumers run fewer than 148 cycles
per year, and 66 percent of the time
consumers run fewer than 188 cycles
per year. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 3) AHAM
stated that data collected from its
members show a downward trend in the
number of cycles per year, with a
weighted average of 174 cycles per year.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4) Both GEA and
AHAM recommended updating the
annual number of cycles of dishwasher
usage to 174 cycles per year, based on
the 2015 RECS data and the data they
presented, which was consistent with
the trends of reduced dishwasher usage
found in 2015 RECS data. (AHAM, No.
5 at p. 4; GEA, No. 10 at p. 3).
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
update the current annual cycles
estimate to reflect more recent trends in
dishwasher usage. DOE’s analysis of
2015 RECS data indicates annual use of
185 cycles.17 While AHAM and GEA
recommended 174 cycles per year, they
also urged DOE to consider the 2015
RECS data in determining the number of
annual cycles. Additionally, subsequent
to submitting its initial comments to
DOE in response to the August 2019
RFI, AHAM released AHAM DW–1–
2020, which specifies a value of 184
cycles per year in AHAM DW–1–2020
based on industry consensus. DOE thus
proposes to amend the current annual
number of cycles estimate from 215 to
15 December 2016 Final Determination technical
support document available at
www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2014-BTSTD-0021-0029.
16 Specifically, RECS 2009 provides data on the
number of residential dishwasher cycles in the
following bins: (1) Less than once per week, (2)
once per week, (3) 2–3 times per week, (4) 4–6
times per week, (5) at least once per day.
17 In the 2015 RECS, EIA collected the number of
times per week that households used their
dishwasher as point values rather than ranges as
EIA had done in previous surveys. For households
using their dishwashers, multiplying weekly usage
by number of weeks in the year results in annual
usage rates. A weighted average of annual usage
employs the household weight and produces a
nationally weighted annual usage value.
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184 cycles, through reference to AHAM
DW–1–2020. The proposed value
closely aligns with DOE’s analysis of
2015 RECS data. DOE has initially
determined that the 2015 RECS is a
suitable source for updating the annual
number of cycles estimate because (1) it
is the most recent RECS edition
available, (2) RECs is nationally
representative for all U.S. households,
and (3) it provides direct survey data on
the typical number of dishwasher cycles
run by consumers each week, rather
than providing binned response options.
Compared to the existing estimate of
215 annual cycles, the proposed
estimate of 184 annual cycles is
consistent with comments from AHAM
and GEA as to the downward trend in
dishwasher usage.
The proposal to update the annual
cycle value for calculating EAEU, if
finalized, would change the certified
and reported EAEU values. DOE also
notes that the existing energy
conservation standards are based on the
EAEU as determined under the current
test procedure. As such, if this proposal
were adopted, use of the 184 cycles-peryear value would be in conjunction with
any future amended energy
conservation standards for dishwashers
that accounts for the updated annual
cycle value. Accordingly, DOE proposes
to specify this requirement in the new
appendix C2. Manufacturers would be
required to use the results of testing
under the new appendix C2 to
determine compliance with any future
amended energy conservation
standards.
DOE requests input on its proposal to
update the estimated number of annual
cycles from 215 to 184 cycles per year
for future calculations of EAEU. DOE
also requests comment on its approach
to propose a new appendix C2 with the
updated annual number of cycles, the
use of which would be required for
compliance with any amended energy
conservation standards.
F. Energy and Water Consumption Test
Methods
1. Test Load Items
The current test load and test load
items are specified in Sections 2.6 and
2.7 of appendix C1. Non-soil-sensing
dishwashers are tested with six serving
pieces plus eight place settings, or six
serving pieces plus the number of place
settings equal to the capacity of the
dishwasher if the latter is less than eight
place settings. Soil-sensing compact and
soil-sensing standard dishwashers are
tested with four place settings and eight
place settings, respectively, along with
six serving pieces each.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested information on the following
topics regarding the current test load
requirements: The typical number of
place settings washed by consumers in
each cycle; how the typical number of
place settings relate to a dishwasher’s
overall capacity; whether the number of
place settings affects energy and water
consumption; whether introducing
plastic items could have an impact on
energy or water use; and typical
composition of place setting items,
serving pieces, and flatware that are
washed in consumer dishwashers,
including the types of items (e.g., cups,
bowls, and plates) and their
characteristics (e.g., size and material).
84 FR 43071, 43074–43075.
AHAM recommended the
continuation of using eight place
settings as the test load for testing
standard dishwashers, stating that the
eight place settings are representative of
the thermal mass consumers place in
the dishwasher. AHAM further stated
that if DOE were to change the number
of place settings, the standard would
likely need to be adjusted as well.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4) GEA supported
AHAM’s comment and stated that there
had not been any nationally relevant,
statistically significant data justifying a
change to the test load items, and
therefore, GEA opposed changing the
test load items. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
Whirlpool commented that its
confidential data supported AHAM’s
position that eight place settings was
representative. Furthermore, Whirlpool
stated that changing the test load would
unnecessarily add burden and/or
increase variation in test results.
(Whirlpool, No. 4 at pp. 1–2).
With regard to adding plastic test load
items, AHAM commented that
introducing these would not change
water and energy use because these
items do not add to the dishwasher’s
thermal mass. Furthermore, AHAM
asserted that adding plastic into the
energy test would likely increase
variation and test burden with no added
benefit. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4).
The comments summarized above
generally support the continued use of
eight place settings as representative of
consumer use. DOE also notes that no
data has been presented that would
justify changing the test load items at
this time. Although no data was
presented regarding the use of plastic
items, DOE recognizes that the minimal
thermal mass of plastic test load items
would likely result in little, if any,
change to the energy and water
consumption.
While not discussed in the August
2019 RFI or in comments submitted by
stakeholders in response to the August
2019 RFI, DOE observes that some of the
test load items specified in appendix C1
differ from the items specified in
Section 3.4 of AHAM DW–2–2020,
which is also referenced by Section
2.7.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020. The test
load items as stated in appendix C1 and
AHAM DW–2–2020 are shown in Table
III–1 in this document below.
TABLE III–1—TEST LOAD ITEMS IN APPENDIX C1 AND AHAM DW–2–2020
Appendix C1
Item
Company/
designation
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Dinner Plate .........
Bread and Butter
Plate.
Fruit Bowl .............
Cup ......................
Saucer .................
Serving Bowl ........
Platter ..................
Glass—Iced Tea ..
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AHAM DW–2–2020
Description
Alternate
Company
designation
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6003893.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6003887.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6003899.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6014162.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6010972.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6003911.
Corning Comcor®/Corelle®
#6011655.
10 inch Dinner
Plate.
6.75 inch Bread
& Butter.
10 oz. Dessert
Bowl.
8 oz. Ceramic
Cup.
6 inch Saucer .....
...............................................
Corelle® 5256294 .................
10 inch (25.4cm).
Arzberg #8500217100 or
2000–00001–0217–1.
Arzberg #3820513100 ..........
Corelle® 5256286 .................
6.7 inch (17.0cm).
Corelle® 5256297 .................
10 oz. (296mL).
Arzberg #1382–00001–4732
Arzberg #1382–00001–4732
7 oz. (207mL).
Arzberg #1382–00001–4731
Arzberg #1382–00001–4731
5.5 inch (14.0cm).
1 qt. Serving
Bowl.
9.5 inch Oval
Platter.
...............................................
Corelle® #5256304 ...............
1 qt. (950mL).
...............................................
Libbey #551HT .....................
............................
...............................................
Corelle® #6011655 ...............
OR ALTERNATE ..................
Corelle® #5256290 ...............
Libbey #551HT .....................
Oval—9.5 inch by 7.5 inch
(24.1cm by 19.1cm).
Round—8.5 in (21.6cm).
12.5 oz.
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TABLE III–1—TEST LOAD ITEMS IN APPENDIX C1 AND AHAM DW–2–2020—Continued
Appendix C1
Item
Flatware—Knife ...
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Flatware—Dinner
Fork.
Flatware—Salad
Fork.
Flatware—Teaspoon.
Flatware—Serving
Fork.
Flatware—Serving
Spoon.
Company/
designation
Description
Oneida® — Accent
2619KPVF.
Oneida® — Accent
2619FRSF.
Oneida® — Accent
2619FSLF.
Oneida® — Accent
2619STSF.
Oneida® — Flight 2865FCM
............................
............................
Oneida®
............................
............................
............................
............................
— Accent
2619STBF.
For the cup, saucer, and flatware
items, the alternate options listed in
appendix C1 are the primary options
specified in AHAM DW–2–2020. The
iced tea glass is the only item that is the
same for both test procedures. The
remaining items feature Corelle® as the
manufacturer for both appendix C1 and
AHAM DW–2–2020, but these items
have new model numbers in AHAM
DW–2–2020. DOE understands that the
Corelle® model numbers listed in
appendix C1 are no longer in
production, and the model numbers
listed in AHAM DW–2–2020 are the
newer editions for these out of
production items. Additionally, AHAM
DW–2–2020 contains an alternative
selection only for the serving platter.
For the other test load items, AHAM
DW–2–2020 provides instructions to
contact AHAM for assistance to identify
suitable alternatives.
As illustrated in Table III–1, AHAM
DW–2–2020, which is referenced in
AHAM DW–1–2020, includes newer
model numbers of the test load items as
compared to appendix C1. Therefore,
DOE proposes to reference AHAM DW–
1–2020, which specifies that the test
load must be as stated in Section 3.4 of
AHAM DW–2–2020 in Section 2.7.1 of
the standard. Specifically, DOE would
apply the provisions of Section 3.4 of
AHAM DW–2–2020 to appendices C1
and C2, excluding the Note
accompanying Section 3.4 regarding
AHAM assistance with determining
alternatives.
However, DOE is also proposing to
continue including the test load items
currently specified in appendix C1 as
alternate options, so that test
laboratories can continue using the
existing test load if they already have
these items. This proposal would be
applicable to both appendix C1 and the
new appendix C2. Pursuant to EPCA
requirements, this approach would not
impose an undue burden, but rather
minimize test burden as it would not
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AHAM DW–2–2020
Company
designation
Alternate
WMF —Gastro 0800
12.0803.6047.
WMF — Signum 1900
12.1905.6040.
WMF — Signum 1900
12.1964.6040.
WMF — Signum 1900
12.1910.6040.
WMF — Signum 1900
12.1902.6040.
WMF — Signum 1900
12.1904.6040.
WMF 12.0803.6047.
WMF 12.1905.6040.
WMF 12.1964.6040.
WMF 12.1910.6040.
WMF 12.1902.6040.
WMF 12.1904.6040.
require manufacturers and/or test
laboratories to procure new items if they
already have the existing test load items.
DOE requests comment on specifying
that the test load items be as specified
in AHAM DW–1–2020 (which
references Section 3.4 of AHAM DW–2–
2020), while additionally retaining, as
an alternative, the current test load
specifications in appendix C1 and the
new appendix C2.
2. Soils
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested information on whether
consumer soil loads have changed since
DOE established the soil loads in the
August 2003 final rule. 84 FR 43071,
43075. In particular, DOE requested any
data regarding soiling conditions and
the frequency of pre-rinsing by
consumers. Id. DOE also sought
information on whether the types of soil
required in appendix C1 resulted in a
test method that measured energy and
water use during a representative use
cycle or period of use. Id. In addition to
the representative quantity of soil and
types of soil present for consumer use,
DOE also requested information on the
typical mix of soils consumers load into
their dishwashers, on the
appropriateness of the current
composition of soil loads in appendix
C1, and on whether the appendix C1
soil loads should be updated to
incorporate different types of soils,
including any additional fats or greases.
84 FR 43071, 43075–43076.
Samsung commented that DOE’s
current soiling level reflects pre-rinsing
performed by the consumer. Samsung
added, however, that the report on
which the soil levels in the current test
procedure are based is 20 years old, and
there has been consumer advocacy by
dishwasher manufacturers, consumer
advocates, and detergent manufacturers
to educate consumers against prerinsing. Samsung suggested that DOE
revise the test procedure to incorporate
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a larger soil load representing the
soiling condition without pre-rinsing,
and that the AHAM DW–1–2009 18
soiling levels could be consistent with
such soiling levels. (Samsung, No. 9 at
pp. 2–3).
AHAM stated that no data suggest that
consumers no longer pre-rinse their
dishes. AHAM further stated that there
is no need to change the soil types
because the purpose of the soil
composition is to activate the turbidity
sensors only (for soil-sensing
dishwashers), rather than to replicate
the wide array of potential soils
consumers might load into their
dishwashers. According to AHAM, the
current soil composition already
achieves that goal of activating the
turbidity sensors while being
representative of average consumer use
both in terms of composition and
quantity. AHAM opposed changing the
distribution of soil loads and the soil
composition for these reasons. (AHAM,
No. 5 at pp. 5–6) GEA supported
AHAM’s comments, stating that there is
no data available to justify a change to
the test load soiling. (GEA, No. 10 at p.
2)
Samsung also recommended that DOE
consider a field use factor for
dishwashers with soil sensors. Samsung
stated that dishwashers with soil
sensors can adapt to a variety of soiling
and loading conditions of consumer
dishwasher usage, and thereby optimize
energy and water use. Samsung
suggested DOE consider developing a
field use factor to credit soil-sensing
dishwashers for such optimizations.
Samsung stated that the clothes dryers
test procedure at 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix D1 uses a field use
factor to recognize the energy benefits of
dryers with automatic termination
controls and requested DOE consider a
18 The AHAM DW–1–2009 standard is the same
standard as ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 before it
received the ANSI accreditation.
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similar factor for soil-sensing
dishwashers. (Samsung No. 9 at p. 3)
The soil load specified in appendix
C1 has been developed by DOE to
produce a measure of energy and water
use of soil-sensing dishwashers in a
representative usage cycle. At this time,
DOE does not have data on the
operation of a soil-sensing function that
would suggest that a field use factor to
adjust testing results would be
appropriate. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing in this NOPR a field use
factor for appendix C1 or the new
appendix C2.
DOE did not receive any data
regarding pre-rinsing by consumers.
Although Samsung stated that there has
been consumer advocacy to reduce prerinsing in recent years, no data have
been presented to indicate whether or to
what degree consumers have changed
pre-rinsing habits. Absent such data,
DOE is not proposing any changes to the
soil loads.
DOE continues to request feedback
and data regarding soiling level and
whether there have been changes to
consumers’ pre-rinsing behavior. DOE
also seeks information regarding the
impact of different soil levels on energy
and water use in dishwashers currently
on the market.
Section 2.7.4 of appendix C1 states
that the soils shall be as specified in
Section 5.4 of ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010, except for the following
substitutions:
• Margarine. The margarine shall be
Fleischmann’s Original stick margarine.
• Coffee. The coffee shall be Folgers
Classic Decaf.
Additionally, Section 2.7.5 of
appendix C1 states that soils shall be
prepared according to Section 5.5 of
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010, with the
following additional specifications:
• Milk. The nonfat dry milk shall be
reconstituted before mixing with the
oatmeal and potatoes. It shall be
reconstituted with water by mixing 2x–
3 cup of nonfat dry milk with 2 cups of
water until well mixed. The
reconstituted milk may be stored for use
over the course of 1 day.
• Instant mashed potatoes. The
potato mixture shall be applied within
30 minutes of preparation.
• Ground beef. The 1-pound packages
of ground beef shall be stored frozen for
no more than 6 months.
DOE notes that Table 3 in Section 5.4
of AHAM DW–2–2020 specifies
Fleischmann’sTM Original Stick
margarine and FolgersTM Classic Decaf
coffee, consistent with DOE’s
substitutions in Section 2.7.4 of
appendix C1. These AHAM DW–2–2020
soiling specifications are also referenced
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17:32 Dec 21, 2021
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in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
Therefore, DOE proposes to remove the
substitution for margarine and coffee
from regulatory text in appendix C1 and
apply the soiling requirements in
Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020
instead.
Additionally, Section 2.7.5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 includes the additional soil
preparation requirements for milk,
instant mashed potatoes, and ground
beef, which are currently specified in
appendix C1. Therefore, DOE proposes
to remove the additional soil
preparation specifications from Section
2.7.5 in appendix C1 and apply the
requirements in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 instead.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to remove the soil substitution
and soil preparation requirements from
Sections 2.7.4 and 2.7.5 of appendix C1
and apply these same requirements from
AHAM DW–1–2020 instead. DOE
particularly requests data and
information on how the proposed soil
composition would affect energy and
water use in current dishwashers.
3. Loading Pattern
Section 2.6 of appendix C1 references
Section 5.8 of ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010
for loading the dishwasher prior to
running active mode tests, which
requires loading in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation. In the
August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
feedback on whether any additional
instructions are needed beyond
referencing a manufacturer’s loading
recommendation. 84 FR 43071, 43076.
DOE also requested information on how
consumers typically load dishwashers.
Id. DOE stated that although
manufacturer instructions may optimize
loading patterns to maximize loading
capacity and dishwasher performance,
consumers may use other loading
positions and alignment, leading to
variability in dishwasher performance.
Id.
AHAM stated that the lack of loading
specificity in appendix C1 is a source of
test procedure uncertainty. AHAM
stated that the positioning of soiled
items relative to unsoiled items may
impact the rate at which soils are
removed from the test load items, which
may impact soil sensor responses.
AHAM recommended that the test
procedure establish the same loading
instructions as Section 5.1(D) of the
ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance
Test Method. AHAM added that the
purpose of a specific loading pattern is
to reduce variation in testing results, not
necessarily to emulate consumer use.
AHAM commented that consumer
loading patterns are likely difficult to
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72751
replicate in the test procedure. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 6)
GEA also supported changing the
loading pattern to conform with Section
5.1(D) of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method. (GEA, No. 10
at p. 2) The Joint Commenters stated
that they support additional specificity
to the test procedure regarding the
loading pattern to improve
reproducibility of test results among test
laboratories. (Joint Commenters, No. 8 at
p. 1).
As stated in the August 2019 RFI,
DOE recognizes that the positioning of
soiled test load items in relation to
unsoiled ones could impact the rate at
which soils are removed from the test
load items, and therefore also impact
soil sensor responses. 84 FR 43071,
43076. This could lead to variation in
energy and water consumption.
Specifying a loading pattern
requirement would improve the
repeatability of the testing procedure
and reproducibility of results across
both individual tests and testing
facilities. Since submitting its
comments, AHAM has included the
loading pattern requirements specified
in the ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method in Section
2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020. These
requirements are applicable to soilsensing dishwashers that are tested with
both, clean and soiled place settings.
DOE proposes to apply these AHAM
DW–1–2020 loading requirements to
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2
to reduce potential variation in the test
procedure. Additionally, these loading
requirements would apply to both soilsensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers as non-soil-sensing
dishwashers would be required to use
soil loads for testing under DOE’s
cleaning index threshold proposal
discussed in Section III.G of this
document.
DOE requests input on its proposal to
use the loading requirements specified
in Section 2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW–1–
2020.
4. Preconditioning Cycles
Section 2.9 of appendix C1 requires
manufacturers to precondition the
dishwasher by running the normal cycle
twice with no load after the testing
conditions are established. The prewash
fill water volume, if any, and the main
wash fill water volume are measured
during the second preconditioning cycle
to calculate the detergent amounts to be
used during the energy and water
consumption tests. The prescribed
procedure ensures an accurate
calculation of detergent dosing, priming
of the water lines and sump area of the
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pump, successful sensor calibration,
and machine cleaning without adding
significant test burdens. In the August
2019 RFI, DOE requested comment on
whether two preconditioning cycles
were adequate or more than is necessary
to calibrate the soil sensors. DOE also
requested comment on whether using
the water volumes from the second
preconditioning cycle continued to be
appropriate for determining the
detergent amounts if the sensors were
still being calibrated during the second
preconditioning cycle. 84 FR 43071,
43076.
AHAM commented that although
sometimes unnecessary, two
preconditioning cycles ensure that the
dishwasher under test is properly
calibrated, and manufacturers prefer to
keep the existing two cycles for
certainty in test results as well. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 6) GEA supported AHAM’s
comment by reaffirming that two
preconditioning cycles increased
reliability and reproducibility in test
results. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2).
No commenter suggested the use of
fewer or additional preconditioning
cycles. Based on the above discussion,
DOE is not proposing to modify the
requirement for two preconditioning
cycles currently in appendix C1, and is
proposing to apply this requirement to
the new appendix C2.
5. Detergent
Section 2.10 of appendix C1 specifies
using Cascade with the Grease Fighting
Power of Dawn powder as the detergent
formulation. This section also provides
the method to calculate the detergent
quantities to be added to the pre-wash
(if available) and main-wash
compartments, which is based on the
pre-wash (if available) and main wash
water volumes, respectively. In the
August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
information on whether the current
powder detergent specified in appendix
C1 results in a test procedure reasonably
designed to measure energy and water
use during a representative use cycle or
period of use and requested comment
on the use of a reference detergent. 84
FR 43071, 43076. DOE also requested
comment on the method for calculating
detergent dosing, including: Whether to
continue calculating the detergent
dosing based on the measured water fill
volumes in the second preconditioning
cycle, or whether to specify a fixed
amount of detergent; methods to
differentiate between the different
portions of a wash cycle and ways to
appropriately calculate the
corresponding detergent dosing; and
reliance on manufacturer dosage
recommendations. Id.
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AHAM suggested that detergent
dosing be evaluated, but advised DOE to
maintain the existing powder detergent
formulation, stating that this
formulation was still representative of
powder formulations on the market.
AHAM also supported maintaining the
current detergent dosage provisions.
AHAM further stated that detergent
impacts performance testing more than
it impacts energy testing; thus, it did not
need to be changed for energy testing.
AHAM also commented that it would
discuss updates to detergent usage as
part of its AHAM DW–1 process, but
that more work is needed to understand
the appropriate detergent and amounts
to use, and how often formulations
change. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7) GEA
supported AHAM’s comment and stated
that there is insufficient data on the
impact of detergents to the current test
procedure or to other test procedures
that may be run at the same time 19 to
make any change to detergents at this
time. (GEA, No. 10 at pp. 1, 2)
Whirlpool also agreed with AHAM and
commented that the current powder
detergent referenced in appendix C1 is
representative of powder detergents on
the market. Whirlpool further
commented that, although single dose
detergents are the most commonly used
detergent type, given the recent rising
popularity of single dose detergents,
their formulations are not stable because
detergent manufacturers make frequent
changes and improvements. Whirlpool
also suggested that further evaluation
was needed to assess the impact of
single dose detergents on energy use.
(Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 3) Since
publication of the August 2019 RFI and
the subsequent end of the comment
period, AHAM informed DOE, during
the task group’s meetings to establish
AHAM DW–1–2020, that the powder
detergent currently specified in
appendix C1—Cascade with the Grease
Fighting Power of Dawn—is no longer
commercially available. Instead, a new
powder detergent, Cascade Complete
Powder, which has a slightly different
formulation 20 from Cascade with the
Grease Fighting Power of Dawn, is now
available on the market. AHAM has
updated AHAM DW–2–2020 to
19 GEA did not specify which other test
procedures it was referring to that may be run at
the same time as the DOE test procedure.
20 Stakeholders mentioned during the AHAM task
group calls that they were informed by the
detergent manufacturer that the only difference
between Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of
Dawn and Cascade Complete Powder is related to
the enzymes used in the detergent. DOE was not
able to verify this information independently
because the ingredient list for Cascade with the
Grease Fighting Power of Dawn is not available on
product packaging (or online).
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reference this new detergent for testing
purposes. AHAM DW–1–2020
references AHAM DW–2–2020, both for
detergent formulation as well as dosage.
In addition to a change in the
detergent to be used for testing, both
AHAM DW–1–2020 and AHAM DW–2–
2020 also specify new dosage
requirements in comparison to the
current requirements of appendix C1.21
Section 4.1 of AHAM DW–2–2020
specifies the detergent dosage as 1.8
grams per place setting in the main
compartment of the detergent dispenser
and 1.8 grams per place setting in the
prewash compartment of the detergent
dispenser or other location. Section
2.10.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 further
specifies to use half the quantity of
detergent that is specified in Section 4.1
of AHAM DW–2–2020 for both prewash
and main-wash detergent for the energy
and water consumption tests. Prewash
detergent is specified only for those
units if it is recommended by the
manufacturer’s instructions for
conditions that are consistent with the
test procedure. This includes, but is not
limited to, manufacturer instructions
that recommend the use of prewash
detergent for the normal cycle, normally
soiled loads, or for water hardness
between 0 and 85 ppm. Additionally, if
manufacturer instructions lead to the
use of the prewash detergent
requirements, the prewash detergent is
placed as instructed by the
manufacturer or, if no instructions are
provided, the prewash detergent is
placed on the inner door near the
detergent cup.
DOE performed preliminary
investigative testing on four standard
dishwashers to compare the energy and
water consumption results when using
(1) the current detergent (Cascade with
the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn)
with the current dosage method; (2) the
new detergent (Cascade Complete
Powder) with the current dosage
method; and (3) the new detergent with
the new dosage method. Table III–2
presents the detergent quantities for
each of the three investigative tests for
the four units. Table III–3 presents the
measured water consumption and
estimated annual energy use for these
four units when tested according to the
three scenarios.
21 As discussed, the detergent dosage for
appendix C1 is based on measurements of the
prewash fill water volume, if any, and the main
wash fill water volume measured during the second
preconditioning cycle.
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TABLE III–2—DETERGENT DOSAGE (IN GRAMS) FOR EACH INVESTIGATIVE TEST
Appendix C1
Test unit
1
2
3
4
Prewash
detergent
(g)
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
New detergent with current
dosage
Main wash
detergent
(g)
0
0
0
11
10.5
12.5
105
11
Prewash
detergent
(g)
Main wash
detergent
(g)
0
0
0
11
10.5
13
11
11
New detergent with new
dosage
Prewash
detergent
(g)
Main wash
detergent
(g)
7.2
0
0
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
TABLE III–3—MEASURED WATER CONSUMPTION AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL ENERGY USE FOR EACH INVESTIGATIVE TEST
Appendix C1
Test unit
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1
2
3
4
Water
(gal/cycle)
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
Table III–3 indicates that for test units
1, 2, and 3, the water consumption
among the three tests varied within a
range of 0.1–0.2 gal/cycle. For unit 4,
the ‘‘Appendix C1’’ test and the ‘‘New
Detergent with New Dosage’’ test
yielded equivalent water consumption
values; however, the water consumption
of the ‘‘New Detergent with Current
Dosage’’ test was 2.5 gal/cycle higher, an
increase of 73 percent over the other
two tests. Similar percentage differences
were observed for EAEU among the
three tests. Given the small sample size
of only 4 test units, DOE believes that
additional testing would be required to
determine whether the observed
variation in results is due to the change
in detergent and dosage, or whether it
could be attributed to unrelated
differences in the sensor response of
these soil-sensing dishwashers, or other
factors.
Given the uncertainty about whether
the new detergent and dosing
requirements would impact the energy
and water consumption of dishwashers,
DOE proposes that both the current
detergent and dosage requirement as
well as the new detergent and new
dosage requirement would be allowable
to use for testing according to appendix
C1. By maintaining the use of the
current detergent and dosing
requirements, manufacturers would not
be required to re-test currently certified
dishwashers. Because DOE is proposing
the detergent type and dosage
specifications in AHAM DW–1–2020 in
addition to the current requirements,
this proposal would not require the rerating or re-certification of dishwashers
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EAEU
(kWh/year)
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.4
211
257
269
273
New detergent with current
dosage
New detergent with new
dosage
Water
(gal/cycle)
Water
(gal/cycle)
2.4
3.3
3.2
5.9
currently on the market. Additionally,
permitting the optional use of the
detergent and dosing specifications in
AHAM DW–1–2020 would avoid the
need for manufacturers to request test
procedure waivers should the currently
required detergent become unavailable
and would harmonize with current
industry practice.
For the new appendix C2, which
would be required at the time
compliance is required with updated
energy and water conservation
standards, DOE proposes to specify only
the new detergent and dosage
requirements from AHAM DW–1–2020.
The current dosage requirements
specify detergent dosage based on water
volume, which requires distinguishing
the water used in the pre-wash from the
water used in the main wash. DOE has
observed, and stakeholders have also
expressed, that uncertainty in
differentiating the pre-wash and main
wash cycles to estimate detergent
dosage could be a potential source of
test variation. As stated, the new
detergent dosage is based on the number
of place settings rather than
measurement of pre-wash and main
wash water volumes, potentially
providing more consistent dosing. More
consistent dosing would improve the
repeatability and reproducibility of the
results. Additionally, the new dosage
would reduce test burden since it would
eliminate the need to identify, isolate,
and calculate the pre-wash and main
wash water volumes.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt in appendix C1 the
new detergent and new dosage
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(kWh/year)
204
256
265
357
2.5
3.3
3.1
3.9
EAEU
(kWh/year)
204
261
274
301
requirements as specified in AHAM
DW–1–2020, while also retaining the
current detergent and dosage
requirements in appendix C1. The use
of either set of detergent requirements
would be allowable for testing under
appendix C1. DOE also requests
comment on the detergent currently
being used by manufacturers and test
laboratories for testing and certification
of dishwashers.
If stakeholder comments indicate that
the currently specified detergent,
Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power
of Dawn, is no longer being used by
manufacturers, DOE may instead
consider including only the new
detergent, Cascade Complete Powder,
and dosage requirements from AHAM
DW–1–2020 in appendix C1, rather than
allowing both the current and new
detergent and dosage requirements.
DOE also welcomes comments and
data on the impact of the new detergent
and dosage on energy and water use.
6. Rinse Aid
Section 2.1 of appendix C1 currently
requires that testing be conducted
without the use of rinse aid, and that
any rinse aid reservoirs remain empty
for testing.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE noted
that a standard from IEC, IEC 60436:
‘‘Electric Dishwashers for Household
Use—Methods for Measuring the
Performance’’ (‘‘IEC 60436’’) specifies
the use of rinse aid during testing. 84 FR
43071, 43077. IEC 60436 requires the
use of a standard rinse aid formulation
rather than a commercially marketed
brand. DOE sought information from
stakeholders on consumer use of rinse
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aid, and on whether the use of rinse aid
had any effect on measured energy and
water consumption. Id.
AHAM commented that rinse aid does
not impact energy and water use.
AHAM further commented that IEC
60436 specifies use of rinse aid because
there is a performance element to that
test. As such, AHAM did not support a
proposal to add a rinse aid requirement
or a need to collect consumer data on
rinse aid usage. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7)
Based on these comments, and the
lack of data regarding the effect of rinse
aid on measured energy and water usage
and consumer usage of it, DOE
maintains its conclusions from past
rulemakings that the test procedure
should preclude the use of rinse aid,
and that the rinse aid container should
remain empty during testing. 68 FR
51887, 51891. Adding a rinse aid
requirement would increase test burden
without information indicating that it
would improve the representativeness
of the test results, and it could
potentially cause variation in test
results. For these reasons, DOE is not
proposing a rinse aid requirement in
appendix C1 or the new appendix C2,
which is consistent with the
specifications in AHAM DW–1–2020
that DOE proposes to reference in this
NOPR.
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7. Water Softener Regeneration Cycles
In the October 2012 final rule, DOE
adopted a method for measuring the
energy consumed during regeneration
cycles for water softeners built into
certain residential dishwashers. 77 FR
65942, 65960. The adopted approach
relies on manufacturer-reported values
for the energy and water use for each
regeneration cycle and the number of
annual regeneration cycles. Id. The
current calculations for water softener
regeneration cycles are provided in
Sections 5.1.3, 5.4.3, 5.5.1.2, 5.5.2.2,
5.6.1.2, and 5.6.2.2 of appendix C1. In
the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether any dishwasher
had a water softener regeneration cycle
at every or nearly every cycle, and if any
additional instructions should be
specified in appendix C1 to avoid
repeatedly accounting for the water and
energy use during water softener
regeneration. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
DOE did not receive any comment
regarding the energy and water use
during water softener regeneration
cycles, and thus does not propose any
changes in this NOPR with regards to
water softener regeneration cycles, aside
from maintaining the associated
definitions and calculations specified in
AHAM DW–1–2020.
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8. Water Re-Use System
On November 1, 2013, DOE published
a Decision and Order (‘‘November 2013
Decision and Order’’) granting
Whirlpool a test procedure waiver
(‘‘Whirlpool waiver’’) for testing
specified basic models equipped with a
‘‘water use system,’’ in which water
from the final rinse cycle is stored for
use in the subsequent cycle, with
periodic draining (‘‘drain out’’) and
cleaning (‘‘clean out’’) events. 78 FR
65629 (Case No. DW–11).22 Whirlpool is
required to test the basic model
specified in the November 2013
Decision and Order using appendix C1,
with the following modifications:
(1) ‘‘Water use system’’ water and energy
consumption shall be accounted for during
dishwasher water and energy measurement
and reporting, subject to the following:
(2) For ‘‘drain out’’ events, constant values
of 0.072 gallons per cycle and 2.6 kWh/year
shall be added to values measured by
appendix C1.
(3) For ‘‘clean out’’ events, constant values
of 0.071 gallons per cycle and 10.3 kWh/year
shall also be added to values measured by
appendix C1.
(4) To calculate the detergent quantity for
testing, a constant value of 0.91 gallons for
the water fill amount shall be used,
representing both saved water fill and house
supply water fill.
(5) If a ‘‘drain out’’ or ‘‘clean out’’ event
occurs during testing, any results from that
use of the test procedure shall be
disregarded. Disconnect and reconnect power
to the dishwasher, then restart the test
procedure.
(6) To detect a ‘‘drain out’’ event, measure
the water volume supplied during the first
fill. A cycle shall be considered to have a
‘‘drain out’’ event if the first fill uses
approximately 1 gallon from the water
supply. Without a ‘‘drain out’’ event, the first
fill would use approximately 0.11 gallons
from the water supply.
(7) To detect a ‘‘clean out’’ event, monitor
the temperature of the sump water using an
additional temperature measuring device.
The device shall be placed inside the sump
in an area such that the device will always
be submerged in water and will not interfere
with the operation of the dishwasher. A cycle
shall be considered to have a ‘‘clean out’’
event if the temperature of the sump water
during wash and rinse portions of the cycle
reaches 150 °F. Without a ‘‘clean out’’ event,
the highest sump water temperatures would
reach approximately 140 °F.
78 FR 65629, 65631.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE
requested feedback on whether the test
procedure waiver provisions were
generally appropriate for testing basic
models with the same attributes as those
subject to the November 2013 Decision
and Order. 84 FR 43071, 43078.
22 All materials regarding the Whirlpool waiver
are available in docket EERE–2013–BT–WAV–0042
at www.regulations.gov.
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In response, both GEA and AHAM
supported incorporating the provisions
of the Whirlpool waiver into appendix
C1. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 9; GE, No. 10
at p. 2) Subsequently, AHAM published
the AHAM DW–1–2020 standard, which
includes provisions for testing water reuse system dishwashers. Specifically,
Sections 1.3, 1.9, and 1.29 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 include definitions for a
clean out event, drain out event, and
water re-use system dishwasher,
respectively. These definitions are
consistent with those specified in the
November 2013 Decision and Order
granted in November 2013. AHAM DW–
1–2020 also specifies the detergent
dosing requirements, methods to
measure the energy and water
consumption of water re-use system
dishwashers, including detection of
drain out and clean out events, and
calculations for energy and water
consumption. Sections 2.10.2, 4.1.3,
5.1.4, 5.15, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.5.1.3, 5.5.1.4,
5.5.2.3, 5.5.2.4, 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3,
and 5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020. All
of these requirements are consistent
with the alternate test procedure
specified in the November 2013
Decision and Order granting the waiver
to Whirlpool for water re-use systems,
except for the specified water energy
consumption equations in Sections
5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4,
which use an incorrect constant.23
As soon as practicable after the
granting of any waiver, DOE is required
to publish in the Federal Register a
notice of proposed rulemaking to amend
its regulations so as to eliminate any
need for the continuation of such
waiver. 10 CFR 430.27(l). As soon
thereafter as practicable, DOE will
publish in the Federal Register a final
rule. Id. Since AHAM DW–1–2020
includes the language from the
Whirlpool waiver, DOE proposes to
reference these requirements in
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2,
with added modifications to the
equations in Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4,
5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW–1–
2020.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to reference in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2 the testing
provisions from AHAM DW–1–2020 to
address the Whirlpool waiver for water
re-use system dishwashers.
G. Cleaning Performance
EPCA requires DOE to establish test
procedures that are reasonably designed
23 The equations in the noted sections improperly
use the constant K = specified heat of water in kWh
per gal per ßF, instead of C/e, where C = specific
heat of water in Btu’s per gal per °F, and e =
nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency.
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to produce test results that measure
energy efficiency, energy use, water use
(for certain products), or estimated
annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average
use cycle or period of use, as
determined by the Secretary, and shall
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) DOE’s test
procedure for dishwashers identifies the
‘‘normal cycle’’ as the cycle
representative of consumer use, defines
the term ‘‘normal cycle,’’ requires
testing using the ‘‘normal cycle,’’ and
compliance with the applicable
standards is determined based on the
measured energy and water use of the
‘‘normal cycle.’’ 10 CFR 430.23(c) and
10 CFR 430 subpart B appendix C1. The
‘‘normal cycle’’ is defined as the cycle
type, including washing and drying
temperature options, recommended in
the manufacturer’s instructions for
daily, regular, or typical use to
completely wash a full load of normally
soiled dishes including the power-dry
feature. If no cycle or more than one
cycle is recommended in the
manufacturer’s instructions for daily,
regular, or typical use to completely
wash a full load of normally soiled
dishes, the most energy-intensive of
these cycles shall be considered the
normal cycle. In the absence of a
manufacturer recommendation on
washing and drying temperature
options, the highest energy
consumption options must be selected.
Section 1.12 of appendix C1. As such,
the existing test procedure does not
define what constitutes ‘‘completely
wash[ing]’’ a full load of normally soiled
dishes (i.e., the cleaning performance).
For dishwashers, the cleaning
performance at the completion of a
cycle influences how a consumer uses
the product. If the cleanliness of the
dishware after completion of a cleaning
cycle does not meet consumer
expectations, consumers may alter their
use of the dishwasher. For example,
consumers may alter the use of the
product by selecting a cycle that
consumes more energy and water to
provide a higher level of cleaning,
operating the selected cycle multiple
times, or pre-washing the dishware
before loading into the dishwasher to
achieve an acceptable level of cleaning.
DOE received comment from Samsung
expressing concern in response to the
August 2019 RFI, in which Samsung
stated that consumers unsatisfied with
the cleaning performance of the normal
cycle may opt to select a different mode
that could result in increased energy
consumption. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
Thus, it is possible that dishwashers
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exist on the market that are currently
tested by manufacturers using a ‘‘normal
cycle’’ that does not ‘‘completely wash’’
dishes.
In general, a consumer-acceptable
level of cleaning performance (i.e., a
representative average use cycle) can be
easier to achieve through the use of
higher amounts of energy and water use
during the dishwasher cycle.24
Conversely, maintaining acceptable
cleaning performance can be more
difficult as energy and water levels are
reduced.25 Improving one aspect of
dishwasher performance, such as
reducing energy and/or water use as a
result of energy conservation standards,
may require a trade-off with one or more
other aspects of performance, such as
cleaning performance. DOE expects,
however, that consumers maintain the
same expectations of cleaning
performance regardless of the efficiency
of the dishwasher. As the dishwasher
market continuously evolves to higher
levels of efficiency—either as a result of
mandatory minimum standards or in
response to voluntary programs such as
ENERGY STAR—it becomes
increasingly more important that DOE
ensures that its test procedure continues
to reflect representative use. As such,
the normal cycle that is used to test the
dishwasher for energy and water
performance must be one that provides
a consumer-acceptable level of cleaning
performance, even as efficiency
increases.
In order for DOE’s test procedure to
more accurately and fully test
dishwashers during a representative
average use cycle, DOE believes that
amending the test procedure to define
what constitutes completely washing a
full load of normally soiled dishes (i.e.,
the cleaning performance) will better
represent consumer use of the product.
As such, DOE proposes additional
direction for selecting the appropriate
test cycle, i.e., for determining whether
the cycle ‘‘can completely wash a full
load of normally soiled dishes.’’ DOE is
proposing to include a cleaning index
24 Higher energy use may provide increased
thermal and mechanical action for removing soils.
Similarly, higher water use may provide better
rinsing performance by reducing the amount of soil
re-deposition on the dishware.
25 In the December 2014 NOPR that proposed
amended energy and water use standards for
dishwashers, DOE noted that cleaning performance
could be maintained up to Efficiency Level 3,
which was defined as 234 kWh/yr and 3.1 gal/cycle.
79 FR 76141, 76165. In the December 2016 Final
Determination, DOE additionally noted that
manufacturers generally indicated that by using all
available design options to improve efficiency, they
would likely be able to maintain performance with
a maximum energy consumption between 250 and
260 kWh/year and water consumption at 3.1 gal/
cycle. 81 FR 90072, 90082.
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methodology and minimum threshold to
validate the selection of the test cycle in
appendix C1 and the newly proposed
appendix C2.26 This proposal is
discussed in detail in the following
sections.
This proposal is in line with
comments DOE received in response to
the August 2019 RFI regarding the
adoption of cleaning performance into
the test procedure. Samsung commented
that the tested cycle (i.e., the normal
cycle) should perform at or above a
minimum level of acceptable
functionality because some consumers
may select test cycles other than the
default mode that perform better
without recognizing the resulting
increase in the energy consumption of
the dishwasher. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
The CAIOUs commented that, while the
test procedure is representative of
current energy and water consumption,
they believe there is merit in
investigating a dishwasher cleaning
performance test method to ensure
future consumer benefit. (CAIOUs, No.
7 at p. 2)
1. Cleaning Performance Test Method
DOE is proposing to adopt a cleaning
performance test method that will help
determine if a dishwasher when tested
according to the DOE test procedure
‘‘completely washes a normally soiled
load of dishes,’’ according to the
representative consumer use.
Specifically, DOE proposes to include
the cleaning performance evaluation
setup, procedures, and calculations that
are specified in the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method,
which references ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010, in appendix C1 and newly
proposed appendix C2.
In response to the August 2019 RFI,
Samsung recommended that DOE
incorporate by reference the ENERGY
STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method in the dishwasher test
procedure and adopt the minimum
cleaning index, as established for the
ENERGY STAR Most-Efficient Program.
(Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
The ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method specifies a
procedure to determine cleaning
performance at the same test loads
described in the DOE test method. For
soil-sensing dishwashers, cleaning
26 This approach is analogous to the one used for
clothes dryers, in which the DOE test procedure at
appendix D2 defines a threshold dryness level for
automatic cycle termination clothes dryers as a
condition for the test cycle to be valid. Specifically,
Section 3.3.2 of appendix D2 specifies that if the
final moisture content after completion of the
drying cycle is greater than 2 percent, the test shall
be invalid and a new run shall be conducted using
the highest dryness level setting.
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performance is evaluated on the same
cycles that are used to determine energy
and water consumption (i.e., the heavy,
medium, and light soil loads). (ENERGY
STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method Section 5.1.B) For non-soilsensing dishwashers, cleaning
performance is evaluated on three
additional cycles at the heavy, medium,
and light soil loads that are run
immediately after the clean-load cycle
that is used to determine energy and
water consumption. (ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method
Section 5.1.C) Each test load item is
quantitatively evaluated for cleanliness
under prescribed lighting conditions
referenced from ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010. (ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method Section 4.B)
Additionally, Section 5.2 of the
ENERGY STAR Test Method specifies
the criteria to grade the load; it
references Section 5.10 of ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010, which specifies the
following requirements: Each test load
item receives a score based on the
number and size of soil particles that
remain on the item following the
termination of a test cycle. Glassware
items are additionally evaluated for the
number and size of remaining spots,
streaks, and rack contact marks. A score
of 0 indicates a completely clean test
load item, and a single test load item
cannot exceed a cumulative score of 9.
The number of test items that receive
each score is counted (i.e., number of
items in the test load that receive a score
of 0, 1, 2, . . ., 9) and the weighted
average of these counts is subtracted
from 100 to produce a final cleaning
index for the test cycle. A score of 100
indicates perfect cleaning performance.
Accordingly, DOE proposes to include
the requirements specified in Sections
4(B), 5.2, and 5.3, of the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method, as
follows:
Section 4(B) of the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method
establishes the lighting requirements for
the evaluation room for scoring the test
load, as specified in ANSI/AHAM DW–
1–2010. These same lighting
requirements are also specified in
Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–2020;
therefore, DOE proposes to reference
Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–2020 to
specify the lighting requirements for the
evaluation room.
Section 5.2 of the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method
establishes the scoring procedure to
evaluate each dishware item in the test
load after completion of the test cycle,
as specified in ANSI/AHAM DW–1–
2010. The scoring method is also
specified in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM
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DW–2–2020; therefore, DOE proposes to
reference the scoring requirements
specified in AHAM DW–2–2020.
Section 5.3 of the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method
specifies the equation for calculating a
cleaning index for each test cycle,
which is also specified in Section
5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW–2–2020;
therefore, DOE proposes to reference the
calculation of cleaning index for each
test cycle from AHAM DW–2–2020.
DOE notes that the calculation to
determine per-cycle cleaning index is
based on the individual score of each
item such that dishware and flatware
are scored based on soil particles, while
glassware are scored based on soil
particles as well as spots, streaks, and
rack contact marks. DOE further notes
that AHAM DW–2–2020 provides two
separate equations for calculating the
total cleaning index for one test run.
The equation in Section 5.12.3.1 of
AHAM DW–2–2020 specifies a soil-only
cleaning index, which is calculated
using the scores of each test load item
(including glassware) based only on soil
particles. Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM
DW–2–2020 uses the same equation as
that in the ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method (and ANSI/
AHAM DW–1–2010), and defines the
total cleaning index calculation using
the scores of dishware and flatware
cleaning performance based on soil
particles and glassware based on soil
particles as well as spots, streaks, and
rack contact marks. DOE is proposing to
reference Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM
DW–2–2020 to calculate the total
cleaning index of a cycle because DOE
expects that consumers would evaluate
the cleanliness of their load items at the
completion of a cycle . DOE requests
feedback on whether it should consider
referencing Section 5.12.3.1 of AHAM
DW–2–2020 instead, which would
calculate the cleaning index based on
soil particles only. If DOE were to
calculate the cleaning index using soil
particles only, it would reevaluate the
per-cycle cleaning index threshold
value (discussed further in Section
III.G.2 of this document) to reflect this
change. DOE requests stakeholder
feedback on an appropriate threshold to
consider.
DOE requests feedback on the
proposed methodology to test, score,
and calculate a cleaning index to
validate the tested cycle and seeks
comment if other methodologies should
be considered for validating the
cleaning performance of the tested
cycle.
DOE requests feedback on whether it
should consider referencing Section
5.12.3.1 of AHAM DW–2–2020 to
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measure cleaning performance, which
would calculate the cleaning index
based on soil particles only. DOE notes
that if it were to calculate cleaning
index using soil particles only, it would
reevaluate the per-cycle cleaning index
threshold value to reflect this change.
2. Cleaning Index Threshold
In response to the August 2019 RFI,
Samsung commented that DOE should
use the ENERGY STAR Most-Efficient
cleaning index threshold when
establishing the standard for
dishwashers in the future standards
rulemaking. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
provide direction in the test procedure
as to what constitutes whether a cycle
under test can completely wash a full
load of normally soiled dishes, by
establishing a minimum cleaning index
threshold as a condition for each
individual test cycle to be valid. The
threshold is intended to represent a
level of cleaning such that if the
dishwasher did not meet this threshold
after operating in the ‘‘normal cycle,’’
the consumer would be expected to
operate the dishwasher using a more
energy-intensive cycle than the ‘‘normal
cycle.’’ Specifically, DOE proposes that
if the normal cycle at a particular soil
level (i.e., heavy, medium, or light) does
not achieve the defined cleaning index
threshold, that soil level (i.e., heavy,
medium, or light) would need to be retested using the most energy-intensive
cycle (to be determined using the
proposed methodology discussed in
Section III.G.4 of this document) that
achieves the defined cleaning index
threshold. The data from the most
energy-intensive cycle would be used to
represent that soil level in the
downstream calculations.
To determine an appropriate
threshold value, DOE aggregated
confidential consumer cycle selection
data provided by industry for this
NOPR, and considered past consumer
comments and test data collected in
support of the October 2020 Final
Rule.27
DOE understands general consumer
satisfaction as a fundamental
characteristic of a functioning market,
and that consumers are largely satisfied
with the performance of dishwashers
currently on the market. However, based
on Samsung’s comments discussed in
Section III.G of this document as well as
qualitative comments that DOE received
during the rulemaking that culminated
in the October 2020 Final Rule, DOE
27 See Dishwasher NODA Test Data (5–21–20),
available at: www.regulations.gov/document/EERE2018-BT-STD-0005-3213.
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recognizes that the cleaning
performance of the normal cycle may
not always meet consumer expectations
of cleaning performance. (See for
example: Toronto, EERE–2018–BT–
STD–0005, No. 2304 at p. 1; Carley,
EERE–2018–BT–STD–0005, No. 2950 at
p. 1; Bruggeman, EERE–2018–BT–STD–
0005, No. 3038 at p. 1; etc.) Further,
confidential data submitted by
manufacturers indicate, in the aggregate,
that roughly 25–45 percent of all
dishwasher cycles are conducted on a
cycle other than the normal cycle. DOE
recognizes that among these other
selected cycles, some would be
expected to be less energy intensive
than the normal cycle (e.g., a glassware
cycle), while others would be expected
to be more energy intensive than the
normal cycle (e.g., a pots and pans
cycle). The data provided by
manufacturers do not indicate which
types of cycles comprise the percentage
of cycles not conducted on the normal
cycle. In lieu of additional details
I
regarding the dataset, DOE has
proceeded under the assumption that
either option (selecting a more energyintensive or less energy-intensive
alternate cycle) is equally as likely.
Accordingly, DOE estimates that onehalf (i.e., 12 to 23 percent) of cycles not
conducted on the normal cycle are
instead conducted on a cycle that is
more energy intensive than the normal
cycle.
Since DOE expects that consumers
unsatisfied with the cleaning
performance of the normal cycle would
select alternate cycles that are more
energy-intensive to achieve better
cleaning results, the cycle selection data
serves as a reasonable proxy for
consumer acceptance of the cleaning
performance of the normal cycle. To
identify an appropriate cleaning index
threshold, DOE sought to select a
cleaning index value that aligned with
the cycle selection data. That is, DOE
sought to identify the cleaning index
value that was achieved between 77 to
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88 percent of the time when a
dishwasher was operated on the normal
cycle, indicating that the remaining 12
to 23 percent of the time the cleaning
performance on the normal cycle would
be worse and thus would result in
consumers selecting more energyintensive cycles. DOE evaluated the
cleaning indices measured for the
heavy, medium, and light soil load
cycles as defined in the DOE
dishwasher test procedure, using the
market-representative dishwasher test
sample from the October 2020 Final
Rule.28 Using these data, DOE plotted
the rate at which test cycles would
achieve each potential cleaning index
threshold level (in increments of 5 on
the Cleaning Index scale). Figure III.1
shows the percentage of each of the soil
test cycles that meet the threshold at
each potential threshold level among all
the units in the test sample. The
proposed threshold level of 65 is
indicated by the dashed line and is
described further as follows.
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40
60
50
80
70
Cleaning Index
•··•··· Heavy Only - • - Medium Only -e- - Light Only -
Proposed deaning Index Threshold
In determining a threshold, DOE seeks
to establish a level that ensures the
tested cycle produces test results, which
measure energy use and water use of the
dishwasher during a representative
average use cycle. Establishing a
threshold level that is ‘‘too high’’ would
indicate that a substantial number of
dishwasher cycles performed by
consumers do not meet consumer
expectations for cleaning performance
on the normal cycle, which would not
28 The test sample consisted of 31 units spanning
13 brands. The units selected for testing represented
over 95 percent of dishwasher manufacturers and
were broadly representative of the current
dishwasher market. 85 FR 68723, 68724.
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Figure 111.1 Percent of Heavy, Medium, and Light Soil Test Cycles that Meet
Potential Cleaning Index Thresholds
72758
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
appropriately reflect general consumer
usage of the normal cycle. Whereas,
establishing a threshold that is ‘‘too
low’’ would not appropriately reflect the
percentage of cycles for which
consumers are likely to select a more
energy-intensive cycle to achieve better
cleaning performance than can be
achieved on the normal cycle.
DOE used the data presented in
Figure III.1 and the consumer usage
weighting factors specified in appendix
C1 (and proposed to be retained in
appendix C1 and the newly proposed
appendix C2) for the heavy (0.05),
medium (0.33), and light (0.62) soil
loads to calculate the percentage of
cycles that would need to be tested at
a more energy-intensive cycle than the
normal cycle (i.e., the percentage of
cycles that would not meet the
threshold at each point).29 The
percentage of cycles that would need to
be tested at a more energy-intensive
cycle than the normal cycle is shown in
Figure III.2, along with the range for the
percentage of cycles that would operate
on a more energy-intensive cycle than
the normal cycle as estimated from
industry data.
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Cleaning Index
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............,
Based on the results in Figure III.1
and Figure III.2, DOE proposes
establishing a minimum cleaning index
of 65 as the threshold level for a test
cycle to be valid. At a cleaning index of
65, the percentage of test cycles at each
soil level that would achieve the
minimum cleaning index threshold is
97 percent for lightly soiled loads, 65
percent for medium soiled loads, and 58
percent for heavily soiled loads. On a
weighted-average basis, the measured
normal test cycles would reach the
threshold cleaning index of 65
approximately 84 percent of the time
(i.e., 16 percent of cycles would not
meet the threshold, as shown in Figure
III.2).30 The 16-percent rate—
representing the overall percentage of
cycles that would need to be tested
using the most energy-intensive cycle—
would align with DOE’s estimate of
roughly 12 to 23 percent of cycles being
operated using a more energy-intensive
cycle than the normal cycle.
DOE also considered other cleaning
index threshold values, such as 70,
which would align with the ENERGY
STAR Most-Efficient criteria, and values
below 65. However, for a cleaning index
threshold of 70, 22 percent of the cycles
would need to be tested at the most
energy-intensive cycle, which is close to
the upper bound of DOE’s estimated
threshold (i.e., 23 percent) for the
percentage of cycles that would likely
be tested at a more energy-intensive
cycle compared to the normal cycle. At
a cleaning index threshold of 60, only
10 percent of cycles would need to be
tested at the most energy-intensive
cycle, which is outside the
representative range estimated by DOE
from industry-supplied data. While the
percentage of cycles estimated to
operate at the most energy-intensive
cycle to meet a cleaning index threshold
of 70 is within the range of cycles that
DOE estimates are conducted on a more
energy-intensive cycle than the normal
cycle, DOE is proposing a cleaning
index threshold of 65 because it is
closer to the mid-point of the range of
12 to 23 percent of cycles that are likely
29 Percent of cycles likely to be operated on a
more energy-intensive cycle than the normal cycle
calculated as (100 percent ¥ percentage of cycles
meeting the threshold level at each point).
30 DOE estimates the overall rate as a weighted
average of the rate at each soil load times the
frequency of consumer usage of each soil load; i.e.,
(97 percent lightly soiled × 0.62) + (65 percent ×
0.33) + (58 percent × 0.05) = 84 percent overall rate
that meets a threshold of 65. Therefore, 16 percent
of cycles would not meet the threshold of 65.
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Figure 111.2 Percentage of Cycles that Would Be Tested at a More Energy-Intensive
Cycle than the Normal Cycle at each Cleaning Index Threshold
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
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to be tested on a more energy-intensive
cycle compared to the normal cycle.
However, if stakeholder feedback
indicates that a cleaning index
threshold of 70 is appropriate, DOE will
consider establishing 70 as the cleaning
index threshold value for a test cycle to
be considered valid.
DOE proposes to specify the same
cleaning index threshold value for all
tested soil loads because it does not
have information to suggest that
consumer expectations for the cleaning
performance of the load at the end of the
cycle differ based on the initial soil load
of the dishware.
DOE requests feedback on the
proposed cleaning index threshold
value of 65 for each test cycle or
whether it should consider a threshold
value of 70 instead.
DOE requests additional data on
consumer dishwasher cycle selections.
In particular, DOE requests data
indicating the frequency with which
consumers select the normal cycle; and,
for cycles not conducted on the normal
cycle, the frequency with which a more
energy-intensive cycle is selected.
DOE also requests additional data on
how frequently consumers are
dissatisfied with the cleaning
performance of the normal cycle as well
as the actions, and the frequency of each
action, that consumers would take if the
load is not satisfactorily clean.
3. Validation of the Test Cycle
Similar to the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method,
DOE proposes that the cleaning index of
the test cycles be determined for the
same test cycles required for the energy
and water tests for both soil-sensing and
non-soil-sensing dishwashers. The
following paragraphs discuss specific
details regarding implementation of this
proposal for soil-sensing and non-soilsensing dishwashers, respectively.
For soil-sensing dishwashers, Section
2.6.3 of appendix C1 specifies that the
normal cycle shall be tested first for the
sensor heavy response, then for the
sensor medium response, and finally for
the sensor light response, using a
defined combination of soiled and clean
test load items for each test cycle. DOE
proposes maintaining this test sequence,
which is also specified in Section 2.6.3
of AHAM DW–1–2020. As discussed,
DOE proposes that each of the sensor
heavy, medium, and light response test
cycles would be required to achieve a
cleaning index of 65 or greater to
constitute a valid cycle. If a test cycle
at a particular soil level does not
achieve the defined cleaning index
threshold, that soil level would need to
be re-tested using the most energy-
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intensive cycle (to be determined using
the proposed methodology discussed in
Section III.G.4 of this document) that
achieves a cleaning index threshold of
65 or greater. For the soil level under
consideration, the test results from the
most energy-intensive valid cycle that
achieves a cleaning index threshold of
65 or greater would be used in the
calculation of EAOC, EAEU, and percycle water consumption.
In the event that a test cycle at a
particular soil level does not achieve the
defined cleaning index threshold, DOE
proposes that the filter should be
cleaned prior to testing the soil level at
the most energy-intensive cycle that
achieves a cleaning index of 65 or
greater. Cleaning the filter before
transitioning from the normal cycle to
the specified most energy-intensive
cycle at a given soil load would ensure
that residual particles from the normal
cycle test run do not impact the
cleaning performance evaluation for that
most energy-intensive cycle. It would
also promote repeatability and
reproducibility of the test results when
testing according to the proposed
amendments (in which the sequence of
test cycles may requiring switching from
the normal cycle to a different program
cycle).
Non-soil-sensing dishwashers are
currently tested with a clean (i.e.,
unsoiled) test load. Under the proposal
that a test cycle would be considered
valid if its cleaning index threshold is
65 or greater, DOE proposes that nonsoil-sensing dishwashers must be tested
instead with a soiled load. Specifically,
for non-soil-sensing dishwashers, DOE
proposes incorporating the same
procedure for evaluating the validity of
the normal cycle and, if necessary,
testing the most energy-intensive cycle
that achieves a cleaning index threshold
of 65 or greater, as proposed for soilsensing dishwashers. The same
equations specified for soil-sensing
dishwashers in Section 5 of appendix
C1 and newly proposed appendix C2,
Calculations of Derived Results from
Test Measurements, would apply to
non-soil-sensing dishwashers. The
proposed test procedure would specify
testing the heavy, medium, and light
soil levels, in that sequence.
Since non-soil-sensing dishwashers
consume a fixed amount of water and
energy independent of the amount of
soil present in the test load, it is
assumed that if the normal cycle obtains
a cleaning index of 65 or greater at a
given soil load (e.g., for the sensor heavy
response test), that the normal cycle
would also achieve the cleaning index
threshold for any lesser soil loads (e.g.,
the sensor medium and sensor light
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72759
response tests). Therefore, if a tested soil
load for a non-soil-sensing dishwasher
meets the defined threshold criteria
when tested on the normal cycle, no
additional testing would be required of
cycles with lesser soil loads. If a nonsoil-sensing dishwasher is not tested at
a certain soil load because the preceding
heavier soil load(s) meets the cleaning
index threshold on the normal cycle, the
energy and water consumption values of
the preceding soil load would be used
to calculate the weighted-average energy
and water consumption values. For
example, if the sensor medium response
and sensor light response tests on the
normal cycle are not conducted, the
values of the sensor heavy response test
on the normal cycle would be used for
all three soil loads; whereas, if only the
sensor light response test is not
conducted, the values of the sensor
medium response test on the normal
cycle would be used for the sensor
medium and the sensor light response
tests.
DOE could also consider other
potential methods to validate that the
measured energy and water
consumption of dishwashers is
representative of consumer use. For
example, the test procedure could
define an energy ‘‘adder’’ or
multiplicative factor that would be
applied to the energy and water
consumption values for any test cycle
that does not meet the defined cleaning
index threshold (e.g., DOE could specify
a constant adder that could be included
to the measured energy consumption of
a cycle that does not meet the cleaning
index threshold). Such adder or
multiplicative factor would compensate
for the additional energy and water
needed to achieve a consumer-accepted
level of cleaning. This example
approach would eliminate the need to
run additional test cycles, thereby
mitigating test burden.
As discussed at the beginning of
Section III.G of this document, the
representative average use of a
dishwasher is represented in DOE’s test
procedure by the normal cycle. The
normal cycle definition includes the
phrase ‘‘completely wash a full load of
normally soiled dishes.’’ See 10 CFR
part 430 subpart B appendix C1. The
discussion in Sections III.G.1–3 of this
document illustrates that it is likely that
dishwashers exist that are testing using
the ‘‘normal cycle,’’ but are not
‘‘completely washing’’ dishes, leading
consumers to pre-rinse and use
additional cycles, etc. Thus, the testing
of those dishwashers is not
representative of energy use, energy
efficiency, and water use during a
representative average use cycle. In
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
order to ensure that the testing of all
dishwashers more accurately measures
energy and water use during
representative consumer use (i.e.,
completely washing a normally soiled
load of dishes), DOE is proposing to
adopt a cleaning performance threshold.
Further, under 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1),
DOE is required to determine whether
an amended test procedure will alter the
measured energy use of any covered
product. If an amended test procedure
does alter measured energy use, DOE is
required to make a corresponding
adjustment to the applicable energy
conservation standard to ensure that
minimally-compliant covered products
remain compliant. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
The measured energy use of certain
dishwashers could change if a moreenergy intensive cycle is required to
verify that a dishwasher model
completely washes a normally soiled
load of dishes (i.e., dishwashers for
which the cycle recommended in the
manufacturer’s instructions for daily,
regular, or typical use to completely
wash a full load of normally soiled
dishes does not completely wash a full
load of normally soiled dishes).
However, DOE does not expect that this
proposal would impact the measured
energy of dishwasher models for which
the normal cycle completely washes a
full load of normally soiled dishes as
required by the current DOE test
procedure. Further, DOE does not
expect that this proposal would impact
minimally compliant models. As
discussed in the December 2016 Final
Determination, DOE relied on cleaning
performance data from the ENERGY
STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method, which showed that cleaning
performance began to drop off at energy
and water consumptions below
Efficiency Level 3 (255kWh/year and 3.1
gal/cycle). 81 FR 90072, 90082.
Additionally, testing conducted in
support of the October 2020 Final Rule
included two minimally-compliant
units, both of which exceeded the
proposed cleaning index threshold of 65
at each of the three soil loads on the
normal cycle. As such, DOE expects that
manufacturers would likely be able to
maintain cleaning performance, up to a
score of 70, with a maximum energy
consumption between 250 and 260
kWh/year and water consumption at 3.1
gal/cycle. DOE has tentatively
determined that this proposal would not
require an adjustment to the energy
conservation standard for dishwashers
to ensure that minimally-compliant
dishwashers remain compliant.
DOE requests feedback on its
proposed approach to ensure that the
test procedure produces test results
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which measure energy use and water
use during a representative average use
cycle.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal that, if a test cycle at a
particular soil level is re-tested using
the most energy-intensive cycle, the
filter should be cleaned prior to testing
the soil level at the most energyintensive cycle.
DOE requests feedback on its proposal
to require testing non-soil-sensing
dishwashers using a soiled load for the
purpose of being able to evaluate the
cleaning index of each tested cycle.
DOE requests comment on its
proposed approach for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers; particularly that if a tested
soil load meets the defined threshold
criteria when tested on the normal
cycle, no additional testing is required
of cycles with lesser soil loads.
DOE requests comment and data on
the test cycles currently selected by
manufacturers for rating the energy and
water use of dishwashers compared to
the test cycles that would be selected
under the proposed cleaning index
threshold of 65 as a condition for a valid
test cycle. In particular, DOE requests
data on the extent to which
manufacturers would need to test a
more-energy intensive cycle, or redefine
the normal cycle, to meet the proposed
cleaning index threshold of 65.
DOE requests information on other
potential methods to validate that the
measured energy and water
consumption of dishwashers is
representative of consumer use, such as
the example approaches of applying an
‘‘adder’’ or multiplicative factor to the
energy and water consumption values
for any test cycles that do not achieve
the defined cleaning index threshold. If
stakeholders recommend such an
approach, DOE requests data and
information that could be used to
determine this factor.
DOE requests comment and related
supporting data on whether this
proposal would result in an altered
measured energy use for dishwashers
that are currently minimally-compliant
with the existing energy conservation
standards for dishwashers.
DOE notes that compact dishwashers
that are non-soil-sensing are currently
tested at the manufacturer-stated
capacity, if the capacity of the
dishwasher is less than eight place
settings. Section 2.6.2 of appendix C1.
Under the proposal to test non-soilsensing dishwashers with a soiled load,
the instructions specify that compact
dishwashers must be tested using four
place settings plus six serving pieces,
and that some of the place settings are
soiled for the different soiled loads.
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However, DOE is aware that the rated
capacity of some compact, non-soilsensing dishwashers is less than four
place settings (e.g., the basic models for
which CNA and FOTILE submitted
waiver petitions and discussed in
Sections III.D.5 and III.D.6, respectively,
of this document). For such
dishwashers, as well as any soil-sensing
compact dishwashers that have a rated
capacity of less than four place settings,
DOE proposes the following
requirements for soiling the test load:
• Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of
the place settings, excluding flatware
and serving pieces (rounded up to the
nearest integer) or one place setting,
whichever is greater;
• Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter
of the place settings, excluding flatware
and serving pieces (rounded up to the
nearest integer) or one place setting,
whichever is smaller;
• Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of
the place settings, excluding flatware
and serving pieces (rounded up to the
nearest integer) or one place setting,
whichever is smaller, using half the
quantity of soils specified for one place
setting.
DOE requests comment on whether
the soil loads proposed for compact
dishwashers that have a capacity of less
than four place settings is appropriate.
If stakeholders recommend different
quantity of soils for such dishwashers,
DOE requests feedback on the soil level
that should be used for such small
capacity dishwashers.
4. Determining the Most EnergyIntensive Cycle
To determine the most energyintensive cycle that achieves a cleaning
index of 65 or greater for a given soil
load, if the normal cycle does not
achieve this threshold level, DOE
proposes a new Section 4.1.1 in
appendix C1 and newly proposed
appendix C2 to provide instructions for
determining the most energy-intensive
cycle type, to be conducted only if
required for this purpose. DOE proposes
that the most energy-intensive cycle
would be determined by conducting a
single test cycle with a clean test load
for each available cycle (e.g., Normal,
Heavy Duty, Pots and Pans, etc.).
DOE also considered that the most
energy-intensive cycle be determined
for each sensor response test cycle using
the respective soil load (i.e., the most
energy-intensive sensor heavy response
test cycle would require testing each
available cycle type with the heavy soil
load; the most energy-intensive sensor
medium response and sensor light
response test cycles would be
determined similarly). However, DOE is
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
not proposing this approach due to the
significant burden associated with
soiling the load and running the cycle
for each available cycle type at each
potential soil level. If stakeholder
comments indicate that such an
approach would be more representative
to determine the most energy-intensive
cycle, DOE would consider it.
DOE also proposes that prior to
running the clean load test to determine
the most energy-intensive cycle, the
dishwasher filter should be cleaned so
that soil particles from any previous
tests does not affect the determination of
the most energy-intensive cycle.
DOE requests feedback on its
proposed methodology for determining
the most energy-intensive cycle. DOE
also requests feedback on whether it
should consider determination of the
most energy-intensive cycle for sensor
response test cycle using the respective
soil load.
DOE requests feedback on its proposal
to require cleaning of the dishwasher
filter prior to running the clean load test
to determine the most energy-intensive
test cycle.
H. Standby Mode Test Method
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1. Standby Power Measurement
Section 4.2 of appendix C1 provides
instructions for measuring standby
mode and off mode power. These
instructions do not currently specify if
the dishwasher door is to be open or
closed when testing in standby mode
and off mode. In the August 2019 RFI,
DOE requested comment on whether
testing with the door closed is
representative of energy use in standby
mode or off mode during a
representative average use cycle or
period of use (i.e., the door is closed
when the dishwasher is not in active
mode). 84 FR 43071, 43077.
Additionally, DOE requested feedback
on whether energy is consumed when
the door is open, and if so, whether the
energy consumption with the door open
is significantly different from the energy
consumed with the door closed. Id.
AHAM commented that it was further
investigating the inquiry about whether
standby testing with the door closed is
representative of energy use in standby
mode and whether energy consumed
with the door open is significantly
different than when the door is closed.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7) The Joint
Commenters recommended that the test
procedure specify that the door remain
closed during standby and off mode
power testing. (Joint Commenters, No. 8
at p. 2) Both CEC and the CAIOUs stated
that DOE should specify that standby
testing be conducted with the door
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closed. (CEC, No. 6 at p. 2; CAIOUs, No.
7 at p. 3) CEC further stated that,
‘‘intuitively, most consumers will keep
the dishwasher door closed to prevent
disruption of foot traffic patterns in
their kitchen.’’ (CEC, No. 6 at p. 2) CEC
reiterated that DOE should fully specify
the conditions under which
measurements are to be made to
improve repeatability. (CEC, No. 6 at p.
2)
DOE reviewed recent models from
different manufacturers and observed
that some newer models have LED lights
inside the dishwasher tub as well as
other indicators either on the door or on
the electronic control panel that
illuminate when the dishwasher door is
open. Additional energy use by any
such lights and/or indicators could
affect the standby power consumption
and the resulting EAEU measurement;
for example, a 1-watt increase in the
standby power consumption could
impact the EAEU by up to 5 percent,
i.e., conducting standby mode testing
with the dishwasher door open as
compared to testing with the door
closed could result impact test results
for EAEU by up to 5 percent if the lights
consumed an additional 1 watt of
power.
Section 4.2 of the new AHAM DW–1–
2020 standard also includes specific
instructions for the door orientation
during standby mode testing. It specifies
that the standby mode test must be
conducted after completing the last
active mode test as part of the energy
test sequence. Thereafter, the
dishwasher door must be opened and
immediately closed without changing
the control panel settings used for the
active mode wash cycle and without
disconnecting the electrical supply to
the dishwasher. Once the door is closed,
the standby mode and off mode
measurements should begin.
DOE proposes to reference this
requirement from AHAM DW–1–2020
regarding opening and closing the door
prior to starting the standby mode and
off mode tests. DOE has initially
concluded that performing standby
mode and off mode testing with the
door closed is likely to be most
representative of average consumer use
while also providing a representative
measurement, in particular noting CEC’s
comment that most consumers will keep
the dishwasher door closed to prevent
disruption of foot traffic patterns in
their kitchen.
Based on DOE’s interactions with test
laboratories, dishwashers are already
tested with the door closed in standby
mode. Therefore, DOE does not expect
any increase in costs to manufacturers
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72761
from this proposed update were it made
final.
DOE requests input on its proposal to
apply the standby mode and off mode
test requirements from Section 4.2 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 to appendix C1 and
proposed new appendix C2.
2. Annual Combined Low-Power Mode
Energy Consumption Calculation
Section 5.7 of appendix C1 specifies
the method to calculate the annual
combined low-power mode energy
consumption. The combined low-power
mode energy consumption includes the
power consumption in inactive mode 31
and off mode,32 depending on whether
a unit can enter both of these modes or
only one of these modes. To calculate
the annual low-power mode energy
consumption, Section 5.7 of appendix
C1 currently assigns 8,465 hours
annually to low-power modes for units
that do not have a fan-only mode. For
units that have a fan-only mode, the
annual hours assigned to low-power
modes are calculated for each
individual unit based on the tested
duration in active mode and fan-only
mode. Section 5.7 of appendix C1. That
is, the combined low-power annual
hours for all available modes other than
active mode, SLP, is calculated as:
SLP = [H ¥ {N × (L + LF)}] for
dishwashers capable of operating in
fan-only mode; otherwise, SLP =
8,465
Where,
H = the total number of hours per year =
8,766 hours per year,
N = the representative average dishwasher
use of 215 cycles per year,
L = the average of the duration of the normal
cycle and truncated normal cycle, for
non-soil-sensing dishwashers with a
truncated normal cycle; the duration of
the normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers without a truncated normal
cycle; the average duration of the sensor
light response, truncated sensor light
response, sensor medium response,
truncated sensor medium response,
sensor heavy response, and truncated
sensor heavy response, for soil-sensing
dishwashers with a truncated cycle
option; the average duration of the
sensor light response, sensor medium
response, and sensor heavy response, for
31 Inactive mode means a standby mode that
facilitates the activation of active mode by remote
switch (including remote control), internal sensor,
or timer, or that provides continuous status display.
Section 1.10 of appendix C1.
32 Off mode means a mode in which the
dishwasher is connected to a mains power source
and is not providing any active mode or standby
mode function, and where the mode may persist for
an indefinite time. An indicator that only shows the
user that the product is in the off position is
included within the classification of an off mode.
Section 1.15 of appendix C1.
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soil-sensing dishwashers without a
truncated cycle option, and
LF = the duration of the fan-only mode for the
normal cycle for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers; the average duration of the
fan-only mode for sensor light response,
sensor medium response, and sensor
heavy response for soil-sensing
dishwashers. Section 5.7, appendix C1.
Section 5.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020
updated this calculation such that the
combined low-power annual hours, SLP,
is a calculated value for all units. That
is, dishwashers that do not have a fanonly mode would use the same equation
to calculate SLP as dishwashers that do
have a fan-only mode. The only
difference in calculation of SLP for units
without a fan-only mode is that LF
would be equal to 0 for such units.
DOE proposes to reference the annual
low-power mode energy consumption
calculation specified in Section 5.7 of
AHAM DW–1–2020, which would also
include the updated calculation method
for combined low-power annual hours,
SLP. This approach would change the
hours assigned to low-power mode from
8,465 hours for dishwashers that do not
have a fan-only mode to a value that is
dependent on the duration of the
normal cycle. Calculating the annual
low-power mode energy consumption
utilizing the measured active mode
duration for each individual unit rather
than assigning a constant value across
all units would provide a more
representative result.
The proposed change to the combined
low-power annual hours would
potentially impact the measured EAEU.
DOE also notes that the current energy
conservation standard was developed
using the method for determining the
combined low-power annual hours
specified in appendix C1. As such, DOE
proposes that, if this proposal were
adopted, this change would go into
effect in conjunction with any amended
energy conservation standards for
dishwashers. Accordingly, DOE is
proposing that the updated calculation
of annual low-power mode energy
consumption be included only in the
new appendix C2. Appendix C1 would
continue using the current method for
calculating the annual low-power mode
energy consumption.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to use the updated combined
low-power annual hours, specified in
Section 5.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020, for
the calculation of annual combined lowpower mode energy consumption in the
proposed new appendix C2.
I. Network Mode
Appendix C1 currently does not
address ‘‘network mode’’ power
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consumption. DOE received two
comments that recommended
incorporating a network mode power
consumption test method into appendix
C1. Specifically, the Joint Commenters
stated that DOE should consider
incorporating a network mode power
consumption measurement in the test
procedure for ‘‘connected’’ dishwashers
so consumers can have a better
understanding of the energy associated
with connected functionality, adding
that as of September 2019, there were 11
ENERGY STAR-qualified connected
models on the market. (Joint
Commenters, No. 8 at p. 2) Additionally,
the CAIOUs recommended that DOE
define a ‘‘network mode’’ for smart
dishwashers and implement a method
to measure power consumption in
network mode so that consumers have
a better understanding of the power
usage for connected units. (CAIOUs, No.
7 at p. 3)
DOE is aware of dishwashers with
network capabilities that are currently
on the market. However, DOE does not
have sufficient data at this time
regarding the energy use and consumer
use patterns associated with such
capabilities to evaluate potential test
procedure provisions related to network
capabilities. Therefore, DOE is
proposing that all network functions
must be disabled during testing.
Specifically, DOE proposes to include a
requirement in appendix C1 and the
proposed new appendix C2 that for
dishwashers which can communicate
through a network (e.g., Bluetooth® or
internet connection), all network
functions must be disabled, if it is
possible to disable it by means provided
in the manufacturer’s user manual, for
the duration of testing. If the
manufacturer instructions provided in
the user manual do not provide for
disabling a connected function, the
standby power test procedure is
conducted with the connected function
in the ‘‘as-shipped’’ condition. DOE
seeks comment on its proposal to
require the disablement of all network
functions throughout the duration of
testing.
DOE seeks the following information
regarding connected dishwashers that
could inform future test procedure
considerations:
DOE requests feedback on connected
dishwashers currently on the market.
Specifically, DOE requests input on the
types of features or functionality
enabled by connected dishwashers that
exist on the market or that are under
development.
DOE requests data on the percentage
of users purchasing connected
dishwashers, and, for those users, the
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percentage of the time when the
connected functionality of the
dishwashers is used.
DOE requests data on the amount of
additional or reduced energy use of
connected dishwashers.
DOE requests data on the pattern of
additional or reduced energy use of
connected dishwashers; for example,
whether it is constant, periodic, or
triggered by the user.
DOE requests information on any
existing testing protocols that account
for connected features of dishwashers,
as well as any testing protocols that may
be under development within the
industry.
J. Test Cycle Duration
As stated, DOE established a separate
product class for standard size
dishwashers with a cycle time for the
normal cycle of less than one hour from
washing through drying. 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(iii). See also 85 FR 68723.
The definition for the new product class
of standard size dishwashers with a
‘‘normal’’ cycle time of 60 minutes or
less defines ‘‘normal’’ cycle time by
reference to Section 1.12 of appendix
C1. 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(iii). The new
product class definition, as well as the
previously established definitions for
standard size dishwasher and compact
size dishwasher, reference ANSI/AHAM
DW–1–2010 for specifying the place
settings used to distinguish between
‘‘standard’’ and ‘‘compact.’’ 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(i)–(iii).
On December 29, 2020, the National
Resources Defense Council (‘‘NRDC’’),
Sierra Club, Consumer Federation of
America, and Massachusetts Union of
Public Housing Tenants petitioned the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit to review and set aside the
October 2020 Final Rule. Natural
Resources Defense Council v. U.S. Dep’t
of Energy, No. 20–4256 (2d Cir.). On the
same day, the States of California,
Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Michigan,
Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico,
New York, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont,
and Washington, the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, the District of Columbia,
and the City of New York filed a
separate petition for review of the
October 2020 Final Rule in the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
California v. U.S. Dep’t of Energy, No.
20–4285 (2d Cir.). These two cases have
been consolidated in the Second Circuit
and have been placed in abeyance
pending DOE’s review of the October
2020 Final Rule in compliance with
Executive Order 13990.
Further, on March 1, 2021, AHAM
petitioned DOE to reconsider the
October 2020 Final Rule that established
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and amended standards for short-cycle
residential dishwashers (Docket EERE–
2021–BT–STD–0002, No. 001 at p. 2).33
On April 28, 2021, the NRDC, Sierra
Club, the Consumer Federation of
America, and the Massachusetts Union
of Public Housing Tenants (‘‘NRDC, et
al.’’) also submitted a petition for DOE
to repeal the same October 2020 Final
Rule (‘‘NRDC petition for
reconsideration’’).34
On August 11, 2021, DOE published
a NOPR (‘‘August 2021 NOPR’’) stating
that the October 2020 Final Rule
resulted in amended energy
conservation standards for the new
product class without properly
determining whether the relevant
statutory criteria for amending
standards were met. 86 FR 43970. As a
result, DOE proposed to revoke the
October 2020 Final Rule establishing the
new short cycle product class. Id.
As stated, DOE is proposing to
incorporate by reference AHAM DW–1–
2020 in its entirety into 10 CFR part
430, and amend the dishwasher test
procedure to reference specified
provisions of the standard. Specifically,
DOE is proposing to amend 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(iii) to remove the existing
reference to appendix C1, and instead
reference AHAM DW–1–2020 for the
definition of ‘‘normal cycle.’’ DOE is
also proposing to specify the method for
determining cycle duration in Section
5.3 of appendix C1 and the proposed
new appendix C2. DOE proposes the
test duration is the weighted average of
the sensor heavy response, sensor
medium response, and sensor light
response tests for all dishwashers (i.e.,
both soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers). Additionally, DOE is
proposing to update the references to
AHAM DW–1 in the standard size
dishwasher and compact size
dishwasher descriptions in 10 CFR
430.32. In light of the August 2021
NOPR, DOE is not proposing at this time
to require reporting of the test duration.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal to update the standard size
dishwasher, compact size dishwasher,
and standard size dishwasher with a
‘‘normal’’ cycle time of 60 minutes or
33 AHAM submitted its petition pursuant to the
Administrative Procedure Act (‘‘APA’’), 5 U.S.C.
551 et seq., which provides among other things, that
‘‘[e]ach agency shall give an interested person the
right to petition for the issuance, amendment, or
repeal of a rule.’’ (5 U.S.C. 553(e)) The AHAM
petition is available in the docket to this
rulemaking, EERE–2021–BT–STD–0002, at
www.regulations.gov.
34 NRDC also submitted its petition pursuant to
the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553(e), to repeal the final rule.
The NRDC petition is available in the docket to this
rulemaking, EERE–2021–BT–STD–0002, at
www.regulations.gov.
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less descriptions at 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(i)–(iii). DOE also requests
comment on the proposal to explicitly
provide the method for determining
cycle duration in appendices C1 and C2.
K. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend
the existing test procedure for
dishwashers at appendix C1 and adopt
a new test procedure at appendix C2.
The proposed amendments to appendix
C1 would establish requirements for
water hardness, relative humidity, and
loading pattern; update requirements for
ambient temperature, detergent dosage,
and standby power measurement;
include testing approaches from
published waivers for dishwashers; and
include provisions for evaluating
cleaning performance and establishing a
minimum per-cycle cleaning index
threshold as a condition for a valid test.
The newly proposed appendix C2
would additionally include an updated
annual number of cycles and low-power
mode hours for the calculation of energy
consumption.
The proposed amendments to
appendix C1 would establish new
requirements for water hardness and
relative humidity and would update the
requirements for ambient temperature.
DOE does not expect these proposals to
increase test burden as compared to
current industry practice because it
expects that laboratories already control
water hardness, relative humidity, and
ambient temperature to within the
proposed specifications, as indicated by
manufacturer comments supporting
these proposals, as well as general
industry acceptance for these
requirements as they pertain to
dishwashers and other appliances.
DOE also proposes to establish in
appendix C1 a new requirement for
loading soiled dishes. DOE does not
expect this proposal to change the rated
energy and water use because the
thermal mass inside the dishwasher
chamber would be the same, regardless
of how the dishes are loaded in the unit.
DOE also does not expect this proposal
to increase the cost of conducting the
test procedure as compared to the
current test procedure based on the
large number of brands currently
participating in the ENERGY STAR
qualification and Most Efficient
programs (which requires the loading
pattern proposed in this NOPR) and
based on AHAM’s statements expressing
support on behalf of the industry.
Further, DOE is also proposing a new
detergent type and approach for
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calculating the detergent dosage in
appendix C1. However, DOE is also
proposing to retain the current detergent
type and dosing requirement. As such,
DOE does not expect this proposal to
increase test burden as compared to
current industry practice.
DOE is further proposing in appendix
C1 that standby mode power
consumption be measured with the door
closed. Based on DOE’s interactions
with test laboratories, dishwashers are
already tested with the door closed in
standby mode. Therefore, DOE does not
expect any increase in costs to
manufacturers from this proposed
update if it were made final.
Finally, DOE is proposing the
evaluation of cleaning performance in
appendix C1. Specifically, DOE is
proposing that each tested soil load
must meet a minimum per-cycle
cleaning index threshold of 65 for a test
cycle to be considered valid. As
discussed, DOE understands the market
to reflect general consumer satisfaction
with the cleaning performance of
currently available dishwashers, and the
proposed test cycle validation index
would reflect that consumer acceptance.
Were a currently certified dishwasher
model to require retesting, or new
models be tested for certification under
the proposed amendments to appendix
C1, if made final, DOE estimated the
cost to test a dishwasher basic model
according to the proposed appendix C1.
DOE estimates the costs to test a soilsensing dishwasher to be approximately
$2,330 per basic model and that for a
non-soil-sensing dishwasher to be
approximately $790 per basic model.
These costs were estimated as follows.
Based on its experience conducting
dishwasher testing, DOE estimates the
total duration to test dishwashers
currently, according to appendix C1, to
be 25 hours for a soil-sensing
dishwasher and 6 hours for a non-soilsensing dishwasher. The additional time
required to score a load at the end of
cycle and calculate the cleaning index is
estimated to be 1 hour per soil load.
Therefore, DOE estimates the test
duration under the proposed updates to
appendix C1 to be 28 hours for soilsensing dishwashers (25 hours currently
+ 1 hour per soil load to score the load
and calculate cleaning index).
For non-soil-sensing dishwashers,
DOE’s proposal requires testing on the
heavy soil load. This would increase
testing time by approximately 2.5 hours
(in addition to the 1 hour associated
with scoring and calculating cleaning
index) due to the additional time
associated with preparing the soils,
soiling the load, allowing the soils to
dry, and loading the soiled dishes. To
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mitigate burden, DOE’s proposal
additionally specifies that non-soilsensing dishwashers are required to test
the medium and light soil loads only if
the next-greater soil load requires the
use of the most energy-intensive cycle.
To estimate the testing burden
associated with this proposal, DOE
estimates that most non-soil-sensing
dishwashers would only be tested at the
heavy soil load. Therefore, DOE
estimates the total testing duration for
non-soil sensing dishwashers under the
proposed appendix C1 to be 9.5 hours
(2.5 hours to soil the load + 1 hour to
score the load and calculate cleaning
index).
Based on data from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics’ (‘‘BLS’s’’) Occupational
Employment and Wage Statistics, the
mean hourly wage for electrical and
electronic engineering technologist and
technician is $29.27.35 Additionally,
DOE used data from BLS’s Employer
Costs for Employee Compensation to
estimate the percent that wages
comprise the total compensation for an
employee. DOE estimates that wages
make up 70.4 percent of the total
compensation for private industry
employees.36 Therefore, DOE estimated
that the total hourly compensation
(including all fringe benefits) of a
technician performing these tests is
approximately $41.58.37 Using these
labor rates and time estimates, DOE
estimated that it would cost dishwasher
manufacturers approximately $1,165 to
conduct a single test on a soil-sensing
dishwasher unit and approximately
$395 to conduct a single test on a nonsoil-sensing dishwasher unit.38
DOE requires at least two units to be
tested for each basic model prior to
certifying a rating with DOE. Therefore,
DOE estimates that manufacturers
would incur testing costs of
approximately $2,330 per soil-sensing
dishwasher basic model and
approximately $790 per non-soilsensing dishwasher basic model. The
35 DOE used the mean hourly wage of the ‘‘17–
3027 Mechanical Engineering Technologists and
Technicians’’ from the most recent BLS
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
(May 2020) to estimate the hourly wage rate of a
technician assumed to perform this testing. See
www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes173027.htm. Last
accessed on July 26, 2021.
36 DOE used the March 2021 ‘‘Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation’’ to estimate that for
‘‘Private Industry Workers,’’ ‘‘Wages and Salaries’’
are 70.4 percent of the total employee
compensation. See www.bls.gov/news.release/
archives/ecec_06172021.pdf. Last accessed on July
26, 2021.
37 $29.27 ÷ 0.704 = $41.58.
38 Soil-sensing dishwasher: $41.58 × 28 hours =
$1,164.24 (rounded to $1,165) Non-soil-sensing
dishwasher: $41.58 × 9.5 hours = $395.01 (rounded
to $395).
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incremental increase in testing costs
under the proposed updates to appendix
C1 compared to the current appendix C1
would be approximately $250 per soilsensing dishwasher basic model and
approximately $290 per non-soilsensing dishwasher basic model.
DOE requests comment on its initial
determination as to the impacts from the
proposed amendments to appendix C1
related to the rated energy and water use
of currently certified dishwashers. DOE
also requests comment on the potential
impact to manufacturers from the
updates proposed to appendix C1.
Finally, DOE requests comment on its
estimated costs for testing soil-sensing
and non-soil-sensing dishwashers
according to the proposed appendix C1.
In addition to the proposed
amendments to appendix C1, DOE is
also proposing a new appendix C2. As
proposed, use of appendix C2 would be
required in conjunction with the
compliance date of future amendments
to the energy conservation standards for
dishwashers, should such amendments
be adopted. The proposed change to the
annual number of cycles and low-power
mode hours, both of which are used for
the calculation of energy consumption,
would change certain inputs to the
calculation, but would not impact the
burden as compared to conducting the
calculation under the current test
procedure.
Another proposed update in the
proposed appendix C2 would require
the use of a new detergent type and
method to calculate the detergent
dosage. Based on testing that DOE
conducted in support of the October
2020 Final Rule, DOE estimates that the
updated detergent dosage methodology
would reduce testing time by about 1
hour because the new methodology
estimates detergent dosage based on the
number of place settings as opposed to
the prewash and main wash fill water
volumes as required under the current
(and proposed) appendix C1 test
procedure. Determination of the
prewash and main wash fill water
volumes requires about 1 hour to
identify the prewash and main wash
phases of a test cycle, isolating the water
consumed during these specific portions
of the cycle, and then calculating the
quantity of detergent required.
Based on these estimates DOE
anticipates the total duration to test soilsensing dishwashers according to the
newly proposed appendix C2 would be
27 hours. Similarly, DOE’s estimate of
the total duration to test non-soilsensing dishwashers according to
proposed appendix C1 would be 9.5
hours. Therefore, the total duration to
test non-soil-sensing dishwashers
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according to the newly proposed
appendix C2 would be 8.5 hours. Using
the same labor rates as those used to
estimate the testing costs for the updates
proposed to appendix C1, DOE
estimated that it would cost dishwasher
manufacturers approximately $2,246 per
soil-sensing dishwasher basic model
and approximately $705 per non-soilsensing dishwasher basic model.39
These costs would be for testing
pursuant to newly proposed appendix
C2, and as proposed, testing pursuant to
new appendix C2 would only be
required at such time as compliance is
required with amended energy
conservation standards for dishwashers,
should such amendments be adopted.
DOE will address the expected costs to
industry if and when DOE establishes
energy conservation standards for
dishwashers.
DOE requests comment on the
potential impact to manufacturers from
the updates proposed to the newly
proposed appendix C2. Specifically,
DOE requests comment on the per basic
model test costs associated with testing
soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers.
2. Harmonization With Industry
Standards
DOE’s established practice is to adopt
industry test standards as DOE test
procedures for covered products and
equipment, unless such methodology
would be unduly burdensome to
conduct or would not produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency,
energy use, water use (as specified in
EPCA) or estimated operating costs of
that equipment during a representative
average use cycle. Section 8(c) of 10
CFR part 430 subpart C appendix A. In
cases where the industry standard does
not meet EPCA statutory criteria for test
procedures, DOE will make
modifications through the rulemaking
process to these standards as the DOE
test procedure.
The current test procedure for
dishwashers at appendix C1 references
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 in definitions
and for testing conditions, and IEC
62301 Ed. 2.0 for test conditions,
equipment, and standby mode power
consumption measurement. The
industry standards DOE proposes to
reference via amendments described in
this notice are discussed in further
detail in Section III.B and Section IV.M
of this document. DOE requests
comments on the benefits and burdens
39 27 hours testing time per soil-sensing unit ×
$41.58 per hour × 2 units per basic model =
$2,245.32 (rounded to $2,245) and 8.5 hours test
time per non-soil-sensing unit × $41.58 per hour ×
2 units per basic model = $706.86 (rounded to $705)
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of the proposed updates and additions
to industry standards referenced in the
test procedure for dishwashers.
DOE notes that certain of its proposed
modifications would not require
retesting and recertification of
dishwasher basic models as compared
to adopting AHAM DW–1–2020 and
AHAM DW–2–2020 without
modification, while maintaining the
representativeness of the DOE test
procedure. DOE is proposing to
maintain the list of test load items
currently in appendix C1 as an
alternative to the test load items
specified in AHAM DW–1–2020, so test
laboratories that currently have the test
load items are not required to purchase
new items. The proposal to maintain the
current detergent and dosage
requirements as alternatives to the
detergent and dosage requirements
specified in AHAM DW–1–2020 would
allow manufacturers to continue to rely
on existing test data and would not
require re-testing or re-certification of
dishwashers on the market.
Additionally, DOE is proposing to
maintain the annual number of cycles
and low-power mode hours currently
specified in appendix C1 because these
values can impact the EAEU, which
provides the basis for the existing
energy conservation standards. DOE
proposes to adopt the annual number of
cycles and low-power mode hours from
AHAM DW–1–2020 for the newly
proposed appendix C2, which would be
applicable upon the compliance date of
any future amended energy
conservation standards for dishwashers.
DOE is also proposing to adopt the test
procedure waiver provisions applicable
to dishwashers for which water is
supplied through a manually filled
attached tank and for in-sink
dishwashers without a main detergent
compartment. AHAM DW–1–2020 does
not have comparable provisions. The
DOE proposal would eliminate the need
of manufacturers of such products from
having to seek waivers and thereby
reduce compliance burden. These
modifications would ensure, as required
by EPCA, that the DOE test procedure is
not unduly burdensome to conduct.
Additionally, AHAM DW–1–2020
references the relevant sections of
AHAM DW–2–2020 and IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0 for the requirements where
appendix C1 currently references ANSI/
AHAM DW–1–2010 and IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0, respectively. Further, DOE’s
proposal to incorporate a methodology
for measuring cleaning performance and
including a consumer-representative
minimum cleaning performance
threshold as a condition for a cycle to
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be valid is to be referenced from the
relevant sections of AHAM DW–2–2020.
L. Compliance Date and Waivers
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends
a test procedure, all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made on marketing
materials and product labels, must be
made in accordance with that amended
test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended
test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers
to petition DOE for an extension of the
180-day period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.)
Upon the compliance date of an
amended test procedure, should DOE
issue such an amendment, any waivers
that had been previously issued and are
in effect that pertain to issues addressed
by the amended test procedure are
terminated. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3).
Recipients of any such waivers would
be required to test the products subject
to the waiver according to the amended
test procedure as of the compliance date
of the amended test procedure. The
amendments proposed in this NOPR
pertain to issues addressed by waivers
granted to Whirlpool, Case No. DW–011,
Miele, Case No. DW–012, CNA, Case
No. 2020–008, and FOTILE, Case No.
2020–020. 78 FR 65629, 82 FR 17227, 85
FR 79171, and 86 FR 26712,
respectively.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(‘‘OMB’’) has determined that this test
procedure does not constitute a
‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under
Section 3(f) of Executive Order (‘‘E.O.’’)
12866, Regulatory Planning and Review,
58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly,
this action was not subject to review
under the Executive Order by the Office
of Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of an initial regulatory flexibility
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analysis (‘‘IRFA’’) for any rule that by
law must be proposed for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: www.energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule
under the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19,
2003. DOE certifies that the proposed
rule, if adopted, would not have
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
The factual basis of this certification is
set forth in the following paragraphs.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered products.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section be reasonably designed to
produce test results which measure
energy efficiency, energy use or
estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative
average use cycle or period of use and
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
product, including dishwashers, to
determine whether amended test
procedures would more accurately or
fully comply with the requirements for
the test procedures to not be unduly
burdensome to conduct and be
reasonably designed to produce test
results that reflect energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating
costs during a representative average
use cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1)(A))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE
amend its test procedures for all covered
products to integrate measures of
standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
Standby mode and off mode energy
consumption must be incorporated into
the overall energy efficiency, energy
consumption, or other energy descriptor
for each covered product unless the
current test procedures already account
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for and incorporate standby and off
mode energy consumption or such
integration is technically infeasible. If
an integrated test procedure is
technically infeasible, DOE must
prescribe a separate standby mode and
off mode energy use test procedure for
the covered product, if technically
feasible. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)(ii))
Any such amendment must consider the
most current versions of the IEC
Standard 62301 and IEC Standard 62087
as applicable. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
DOE is proposing amendments to the
test procedure for dishwashers in
satisfaction of its statutory obligations
under EPCA.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the new industry standard,
AHAM DW–1–2020, and update the
industry standard incorporated by
reference in 10 CFR part 430 from
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 to AHAM
DW–2–2020. Specifically, DOE proposes
to:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM
DW–1–2020 into 10 CFR part 430 and
apply certain provisions of the industry
standards to appendix C1, including the
following:
a. Add the water hardness
specification in Section 2.11 of AHAM
DW–1–2020;
b. Add the relative humidity
specification in Section 2.5.1 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 and the associated
tolerance for the measurement
instrument in Section 3.7 of AHAM
DW–1–2020;
c. Update the active mode ambient
temperature as specified in Section 2.5.1
of AHAM DW–1–2020;
d. Update the loading pattern
requirement by applying the direction
specified in Section 2.6 of AHAM DW–
1–2020;
e. Update the specifications for
detergent usage consistent with Section
2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020. This
includes changing the type of detergent
used, and the calculation of detergent
dosage to be used for the pre-wash and
main-wash cycles of dishwashers other
than water re-use system dishwashers;
f. Add specific dishwasher door
configuration requirements during
standby mode testing, by incorporating
the specifications in Section 4.2 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 and update the
annual combined low-power mode
hours based on cycle duration; and,
g. Incorporate the requirements from
AHAM DW–1–2020 for the test methods
pertaining to two granted waivers for
dishwashers with specific design
features.
(2) Establish new appendix C2, which
would generally require testing as in
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appendix C1, with the following
additional update:
a. Updated number of annual cycles
and low-power mode hours used for
calculating the estimated annual energy
use as specified in Section 5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020.
For both, appendices C1 and C2, DOE
additionally proposes to:
(1) Specify provisions for scoring the
test load and calculating a per-cycle
cleaning index metric as specified in
AHAM DW–2–2020 and establish a
minimum cleaning index threshold of
65 as a condition for a test cycle to be
valid.
(2) Incorporate the test methods
specified in a waiver for testing a basic
model of dishwashers that does not
hook up to a water supply line but has
a manually filled, built-in water tank.
Additionally, incorporate the test
methods specified in a waiver for basic
models of dishwashers that are installed
in-sink (as opposed to built-in to the
cabinetry or placed on countertops).
The Small Business Administration
(‘‘SBA’’) considers a business entity to
be small business, if, together with its
affiliates, it employs less than a
threshold number of workers specified
in 13 CFR part 121. DOE used SBA’s
small business size standards to
determine whether any small entities
would be subject to the requirements of
the rule. These size standards and codes
are established by the North American
Industry Classification System
(‘‘NAICS’’) and are available at
www.sba.gov/document/support--tablesize-standards. Dishwashers are
classified under NAICS 335220, ‘‘Major
Household Appliance Manufacturing.’’
The SBA sets a threshold of 1,500
employees or fewer for an entity to be
considered as a small business for this
category.
DOE used DOE’s Compliance
Certification Database 40 and California
Energy Commission’s Modernized
Appliance Efficiency Database System
(‘‘MAEDbS’’) 41 to create a list of
companies that sell dishwashers
covered by this rulemaking in the
United States. DOE consulted publicly
available data to identify original
equipment manufacturers (‘‘OEMs’’).
DOE relied on public data and
subscription-based business information
tools to determine company location,
headcount, and annual revenue.
DOE identified 14 companies that are
OEMs of dishwashers. In reviewing the
40 www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data.
Last accessed April 22, 2021.
41 cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/
AdvancedSearch.aspx. Last accessed April 22,
2021.
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14 OEMs, DOE did not identify any
domestic companies that met the SBA
criteria for a small entity. Given the lack
of small entities with a direct
compliance burden, DOE concludes that
the impacts of the proposed test
procedure amendments outlined in this
NOPR would not have a ‘‘significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.’’ DOE will
transmit the certification and supporting
statement of factual basis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small
Business Administration for review
under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE seeks comment on its findings
that there are no small businesses that
are OEMs of dishwashers in the United
States. DOE also seeks comment on its
conclusion that the proposed test
procedure amendments would not have
significant impacts on a substantial
number of small manufacturers.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of dishwashers must
certify to DOE that their products
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including dishwashers. (See generally
10 CFR part 429.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes
test procedure amendments that it
expects will be used to develop and
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implement future energy conservation
standards for dishwashers. DOE has
determined that this proposed rule falls
into a class of actions that are
categorically excluded from review
under the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) and DOE’s implementing
regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, DOE has determined that
adopting test procedures for measuring
energy efficiency of consumer products
and industrial equipment is consistent
with activities identified in 10 CFR part
1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and
A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is
required.
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E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
E.O. 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’ 64 FR
43255 (Aug. 4, 1999) imposes certain
requirements on agencies formulating
and implementing policies or
regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
E.O. requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority
supporting any action that would limit
the policymaking discretion of the
States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The E.O. also
requires agencies to have an accountable
process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that
have federalism implications. On March
14, 2000, DOE published a statement of
policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE has examined this proposed
rule and has determined that it would
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE
for exemption from such preemption to
the extent, and based on criteria, set
forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No
further action is required by E.O. 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, Section 3(a) of E.O.
12988, ‘‘Civil Justice Reform,’’ 61 FR
4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to
the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity,
(2) write regulations to minimize
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litigation, (3) provide a clear legal
standard for affected conduct rather
than a general standard, and (4) promote
simplification and burden reduction.
Section 3(b) of E.O. 12988 specifically
requires that Executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation, (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction, (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately
defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of E.O. 12988
requires executive agencies to review
regulations in light of applicable
standards in Sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met, or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the proposed
rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
proposed regulatory action likely to
result in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector of $100 million or more
in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), Section 202 of UMRA
requires a Federal agency to publish a
written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other
effects on the national economy. (2
U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also
requires a Federal agency to develop an
effective process to permit timely input
by elected officers of State, local, and
Tribal governments on a proposed
‘‘significant intergovernmental
mandate,’’ and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for
timely input to potentially affected
small governments before establishing
any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. On March 18, 1997, DOE
published a statement of policy on its
process for intergovernmental
consultation under UMRA. 62 FR
12820; also available at energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel. DOE examined
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this proposed rule according to UMRA
and its statement of policy and
determined that the rule contains
neither an intergovernmental mandate,
nor a mandate that may result in the
expenditure of $100 million or more in
any year, so these requirements do not
apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of
the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family
Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under E.O.
12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this proposed
regulation would not result in any
takings that might require compensation
under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant to OMB
Memorandum M–19–15, Improving
Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE
published updated guidelines which are
available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/
files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20
Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20
Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has reviewed
this proposed rule under the OMB and
DOE guidelines and has concluded that
it is consistent with applicable policies
in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
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prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A
‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1)
is a significant regulatory action under
E.O. 12866, or any successor order; and
(2) is likely to have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the
Administrator of OIRA as a significant
energy action. For any proposed
significant energy action, the agency
must give a detailed statement of any
adverse effects on energy supply,
distribution, or use should the proposal
be implemented, and of reasonable
alternatives to the action and their
expected benefits on energy supply,
distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to
amend the test procedure for measuring
the energy efficiency of dishwashers is
not a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as
a significant energy action by the
Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is
not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under Section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with Section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, Section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the FTC concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed modifications to the
test procedure for dishwashers would
incorporate testing methods contained
in certain sections of the following
commercial standards: AHAM DW–1–
2020, AHAM DW–2–2020, and IEC
62301 Ed. 2.0. DOE has evaluated these
standards and is unable to conclude
whether they fully comply with the
requirements of Section 32(b) of the
FEAA (i.e., whether it was developed in
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a manner that fully provides for public
participation, comment, and review.)
DOE will consult with both the Attorney
General and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials
Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the test standard published by
AHAM, titled ‘‘Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Dishwashers,’’ AHAM DW–1–2020, and
the test standard published by IEC,
titled ‘‘Household electrical
appliances—Measurement of standby
power,’’ IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 for both,
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2.
Additionally, DOE proposes to update
the industry standard incorporated by
reference in 10 CFR part 430 from
ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2010 to AHAM
DW–2–2020.
AHAM DW–1–2020 is a voluntary
industry-accepted test procedure that
measures the energy and water
consumption of household electric
dishwashers. The test procedure
amendments proposed in this NOPR
generally reference AHAM DW–1–2020
including provisions to address: Water
hardness, relative humidity, ambient
temperature, test load items, loading
pattern, detergent, standby power
measurement, dishwashers with 208 V
power source, and water re-use system
dishwashers. Additionally, this NOPR
proposes to incorporate by reference
AHAM DW–1–2020 in its entirety in the
new appendix C2. In addition to the
updates proposed to appendix C1, the
new appendix C2 would include
updated requirements for the annual
number of cycles and calculation of
low-power mode energy consumption.
DOE also proposes to incorporate by
reference into 10 CFR part 430 AHAM
DW–2–2020, ‘‘Household Electric
Dishwashers,’’ which is a standard to
determine the cleaning performance of
dishwashers. For some of the provisions
that DOE is proposing to reference from
AHAM DW–1–2020, the standard
references AHAM DW–2–2020; these
include certain definitions and
requirements for test cycle and load,
soils, and detergent. Additionally,
DOE’s proposed requirements for
evaluating cleaning performance in
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2
would also be referenced from the
relevant sections of AHAM DW–2–2020.
DOE also proposes to apply specified
provisions of the IEC Standard, IEC
62301 Ed. 2.0, to the new appendix C2.
IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0, already incorporated
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Sfmt 4702
by reference into 10 CFR part 430 for
application to appendix C1, is an
international standard that specifies
methods of measurement of electrical
power consumption of household
appliances in standby mode(s) and other
low power modes, as applicable. The
proposed new appendix C2 would
include references to IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0
for the measurement of dishwasher
standby power consumption.
Copies of AHAM DW–1–2020 and
AHAM DW–2–2020 may be purchased
from AHAM at 1111 19th Street NW,
Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036; or by
going to AHAM’s online store at
www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
Copies of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be
obtained from—3, rue de Varembe´, P.O.
Box 131, CH—1211 Geneva 20—
Switzerland, or by visiting www.iec.ch.
Copies of the IEC standards are also
available at American National
Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212)
642–4936, or by visiting
webstore.ansi.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are
listed in the DATES section at the
beginning of this document. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled. Webinar registration
information, participant instructions,
and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE’s website:
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/standards.aspx?
productid=38&action=viewlive.
Participants are responsible for ensuring
their systems are compatible with the
webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the
topics addressed in this proposed
rulemaking, or who is representative of
a group or class of persons that has an
interest in these issues, may request an
opportunity to make an oral
presentation at the webinar. Such
persons may submit requests to speak
by email to: ApplianceStandards
Questions@ee.doe.gov. Persons who
wish to speak should include with their
request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file
format the briefly describes the nature of
their interest in this rulemaking and the
topics they wish to discuss. Such
persons should also provide a daytime
telephone number where they can be
reached.
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Persons requesting to speak should
briefly describe the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and provide
a telephone number for contact. DOE
requests persons selected to make an
oral presentation to submit an advance
copy of their statements at least two
weeks before the webinar. At its
discretion, DOE may permit persons
who cannot supply an advance copy of
their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative
arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary,
requests to give an oral presentation
should ask for such alternative
arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to
preside at the webinar and may also use
a professional facilitator to aid
discussion. The meeting will not be a
judicial or evidentiary-type public
hearing, but DOE will conduct it in
accordance with Section 336 of EPCA
(42 U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will
be present to record the proceedings and
prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the
right to schedule the order of
presentations and to establish the
procedures governing the conduct of the
webinar. There shall not be discussion
of proprietary information, costs or
prices, market share, or other
commercial matters regulated by U.S.
anti-trust laws. After the webinar and
until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further
comments on the proceedings and any
aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an
informal, conference style. DOE will
present summaries of comments
received before the webinar, allow time
for prepared general statements by
participants, and encourage all
interested parties to share their views on
issues affecting this rulemaking. Each
participant will be allowed to make a
general statement (within time limits
determined by DOE), before the
discussion of specific topics. DOE will
allow, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any
general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements
on a topic, DOE will permit participants
to clarify their statements briefly and
comment on statements made by others.
Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other
participants concerning these issues.
DOE representatives may also ask
questions of participants concerning
other matters relevant to this
rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar will accept additional
comments or questions from those
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attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification
of the above procedures that may be
needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar.
A transcript of the webinar will be
included in the docket, which can be
viewed as described in the Docket
section at the beginning of this
document and will be accessible on the
DOE website. In addition, any person
may buy a copy of the transcript from
the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule.42 Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this NOPR.
Submitting comments via
www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will
require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact
information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your
contact information will not be publicly
viewable except for your first and last
names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any).
If your comment is not processed
properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
42 DOE has historically provided a 75-day
comment period for test procedure NOPRs pursuant
to the North American Free Trade Agreement, U.S.Canada-Mexico (‘‘NAFTA’’), Dec. 17, 1992, 32
I.L.M. 289 (1993); the North American Free Trade
Agreement Implementation Act, Public Law 103–
182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993) (codified as amended at
10 U.S.C.A. 2576) (1993) (‘‘NAFTA Implementation
Act’’); and Executive Order 12889, ‘‘Implementation
of the North American Free Trade Agreement,’’ 58
FR 69681 (Dec. 30, 1993). However, on July 1, 2020,
the Agreement between the United States of
America, the United Mexican States, and the United
Canadian States (‘‘USMCA’’), Nov. 30, 2018, 134
Stat. 11 (i.e., the successor to NAFTA), went into
effect, and Congress’s action in replacing NAFTA
through the USMCA Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C.
4501 et seq. (2020), implies the repeal of E.O. 12889
and its 75-day comment period requirement for
technical regulations. Thus, the controlling laws are
EPCA and the USMCA Implementation Act.
Consistent with EPCA’s public comment period
requirements for consumer products, the USMCA
only requires a minimum comment period of 60
days. Consequently, DOE now provides a 60-day
public comment period for test procedure NOPRs.
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information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Persons viewing comments will see only
first and last names, organization
names, correspondence containing
comments, and any documents
submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information
(‘‘CBI’’)). Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed
as CBI. Comments received through the
website will waive any CBI claims for
the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section.
DOE processes submissions made
through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be
posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of
comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not
be viewable for up to several weeks.
Please keep the comment tracking
number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully
uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email.
Comments and documents submitted
via email will be posted to
www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. Following
these instructions, the cover letter will
not be publicly viewable as long as it
does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. No
telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file
format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English and free of
any defects or viruses. Documents
should not contain special characters or
any form of encryption and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
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500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person
submitting information that they believe
to be confidential and exempt by law
from public disclosure should submit
via email, postal mail, or hand delivery/
courier two well-marked copies: One
copy of the document marked
confidential including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
non-confidential with the information
believed to be confidential deleted.
Submit these documents via email to
ResDishwasher2016TP0012@ee.doe.gov
or on a CD, if feasible. DOE will make
its own determination about the
confidential status of the information
and treat it according to its
determination.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
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Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views of interested
parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR part
430 the most recent version of the industry
standard for dishwasher energy and water
use measurement, AHAM DW–1–2020, as
well as the industry performance standard,
AHAM DW–2–2020, both with
modifications. DOE seeks comment on its
preliminary conclusion that the proposed
modifications to the industry standards are
necessary so that the DOE test method
satisfies the requirements of EPCA.
(2) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to require use of the water hardness
requirements from Section 2.11 of AHAM
DW–1–2020.
(3) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to reference AHAM DW–1–2020 for the
relative humidity and associated
instrumentation requirements, which
specifies a relative humidity test condition of
35 percent ±15 percent, and a resolution of
at least 1 percent relative humidity and an
accuracy of at least ±6 percent relative
humidity over the temperature range of 75 °F
±5 °F for the relative humidity measuring
device. To the extent that stakeholder have
additional information, DOE requests data
regarding the impact of relative humidity on
dishwasher energy and water usage.
(4) DOE requests input on its proposal to
specify a target nominal ambient temperature
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of 75 °F for active mode testing, as referenced
from AHAM DW–1–2020.
(5) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to reference in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2 the testing provisions from
AHAM DW–1–2020 to address the Miele
waiver for dishwashers that operate at 208volts.
(6) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to incorporate the requirements of the CNA
waiver for any dishwasher with a built-in
reservoir. In particular, DOE requests
stakeholder feedback on using the detergent
dosage requirement based on number of
place settings rather than main wash water
volume in the new appendix C2, for
dishwashers with built-in reservoirs.
(7) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to incorporate into appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2 the installation requirements for
in-sink dishwashers from the FOTILE waiver.
(8) DOE requests comment on its proposal
that the detergent must be placed directly
into the dishwasher chamber for any
dishwasher that does not have a prewash or
main wash detergent compartment.
(9) DOE requests input on its proposal to
update the estimated number of annual
cycles from 215 to 184 cycles per year for
future calculations of EAEU. DOE also
requests comment on its approach to propose
a new appendix C2 with the updated annual
number of cycles, the use of which would be
required for compliance with any amended
energy conservation standards.
(10) DOE requests comment on specifying
that the test load items be as specified in
AHAM DW–1–2020 (which references
Section 3.4 of AHAM DW–2–2020), while
additionally retaining, as an alternative, the
current test load specifications in appendix
C1 and the new appendix C2.
(11) DOE continues to request feedback
and data regarding soiling level and whether
there have been changes to consumers’ prerinsing behavior. DOE also seeks information
regarding the impact of different soil levels
on energy and water use in dishwashers
currently on the market.
(12) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to remove the soil substitution and soil
preparation requirements from Sections 2.7.4
and 2.7.5 of appendix C1 and apply these
same requirements from AHAM DW–1–2020
instead. DOE particularly requests data and
information on how the proposed soil
composition would affect energy and water
use in current dishwashers.
(13) DOE requests input on its proposal to
use the loading requirements specified in
Section 2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
(14) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to adopt in appendix C1 the new detergent
and new dosage requirements as specified in
AHAM DW–1–2020, while also retaining the
current detergent and dosage requirements in
appendix C1. The use of either set of
detergent requirements would be allowable
for testing under appendix C1. DOE also
requests comment on the detergent currently
being used by manufacturers and test
laboratories for testing and certification of
dishwashers.
(15) DOE also welcomes comments and
data on the impact of the new detergent and
dosage on energy and water use.
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(16) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to reference in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2 the testing provisions from
AHAM DW–1–2020 to address the Whirlpool
waiver for water re-use system dishwashers.
(17) DOE requests feedback on the
proposed methodology to test, score, and
calculate a cleaning index to validate the
tested cycle and seeks comment if other
methodologies should be considered for
validating the cleaning performance of the
tested cycle.
(18) DOE requests feedback on whether it
should consider referencing Section 5.12.3.1
of AHAM DW–2–2020 to measure cleaning
performance, which would calculate the
cleaning index based on soil particles only.
DOE notes that if it were to calculate cleaning
index using soil particles only, it would
reevaluate the per-cycle cleaning index
threshold value to reflect this change.
(19) DOE requests feedback on the
proposed cleaning index threshold value of
65 for each test cycle or whether it should
consider a threshold value of 70 instead.
(20) DOE requests additional data on
consumer dishwasher cycle selections. In
particular, DOE requests data indicating the
frequency with which consumers select the
normal cycle; and, for cycles not conducted
on the normal cycle, the frequency with
which a more energy-intensive cycle is
selected.
(21) DOE also requests additional data on
how frequently consumers are dissatisfied
with the cleaning performance of the normal
cycle as well as the actions, and the
frequency of each action, that consumers
would take if the load is not satisfactorily
clean.
(22) DOE requests feedback on its proposed
approach to ensure that the test procedure
produces test results which measure energy
use and water use during a representative
average use cycle.
(23) DOE requests comment on its proposal
that, if a test cycle at a particular soil level
is re-tested using the most energy-intensive
cycle, the filter should be cleaned prior to
testing the soil level at the most energyintensive cycle.
(24) DOE requests feedback on its proposal
to require testing non-soil-sensing
dishwashers using a soiled load for the
purpose of being able to evaluate the cleaning
index of each tested cycle.
(25) DOE requests comment on its
proposed approach for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers; particularly that if a tested soil
load meets the defined threshold criteria
when tested on the normal cycle, no
additional testing is required of cycles with
lesser soil loads.
(26) DOE requests comment and data on
the test cycles currently selected by
manufacturers for rating the energy and water
use of dishwashers compared to the test
cycles that would be selected under the
proposed cleaning index threshold of 65 as
a condition for a valid test cycle. In
particular, DOE requests data on the extent
to which manufacturers would need to test
a more-energy intensive cycle, or redefine the
normal cycle, to meet the proposed cleaning
index threshold of 65.
(27) DOE requests information on other
potential methods to validate that the
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measured energy and water consumption of
dishwashers is representative of consumer
use, such as the example approaches of
applying an ‘‘adder’’ or multiplicative factor
to the energy and water consumption values
for any test cycles that do not achieve the
defined cleaning index threshold. If
stakeholders recommend such an approach,
DOE requests data and information that
could be used to determine this factor.
(28) DOE requests comment and related
supporting data on whether this proposal
would result in an altered measured energy
use for dishwashers that are currently
minimally-compliant with the existing
energy conservation standards for
dishwashers.
(29) DOE requests comment on whether the
soil loads proposed for compact dishwashers
that have a capacity of less than four place
settings is appropriate. If stakeholders
recommend different quantity of soils for
such dishwashers, DOE requests feedback on
the soil level that should be used for such
small capacity dishwashers.
(30) DOE requests feedback on its proposed
methodology for determining the most
energy-intensive cycle. DOE also requests
feedback on whether it should consider
determination of the most energy-intensive
cycle for sensor response test cycle using the
respective soil load.
(31) DOE requests feedback on its proposal
to require cleaning of the dishwasher filter
prior to running the clean load test to
determine the most energy-intensive test
cycle.
(32) DOE requests input on its proposal to
apply the standby mode and off mode test
requirements from Section 4.2 of AHAM
DW–1–2020 to appendix C1 and proposed
new appendix C2.
(33) DOE requests comment on its proposal
to use the updated combined low-power
annual hours, specified in Section 5.7 of
AHAM DW–1–2020, for the calculation of
annual combined low-power mode energy
consumption in the proposed new appendix
C2.
(34) DOE requests feedback on connected
dishwashers currently on the market.
Specifically, DOE requests input on the types
of features or functionality enabled by
connected dishwashers that exist on the
market or that are under development.
(35) DOE requests data on the percentage
of users purchasing connected dishwashers,
and, for those users, the percentage of the
time when the connected functionality of the
dishwashers is used.
(36) DOE requests data on the amount of
additional or reduced energy use of
connected dishwashers.
(37) DOE requests data on the pattern of
additional or reduced energy use of
connected dishwashers; for example,
whether it is constant, periodic, or triggered
by the user.
(38) DOE requests information on any
existing testing protocols that account for
connected features of dishwashers, as well as
any testing protocols that may be under
development within the industry.
(39) DOE requests comment on the
proposal to update the standard size
dishwasher, compact size dishwasher, and
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standard size dishwasher with a ‘‘normal’’
cycle time of 60 minutes or less descriptions
at 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(i)–(iii). DOE also
requests comment on the proposal to
explicitly provide the method for
determining cycle duration in appendices C1
and C2.
(40) DOE requests comment on its initial
determination as to the impacts from the
proposed amendments to appendix C1
related to the rated energy and water use of
currently certified dishwashers. DOE also
requests comment on the potential impact to
manufacturers from the updates proposed to
appendix C1. Finally, DOE requests comment
on its estimated costs for testing soil-sensing
and non-soil-sensing dishwashers according
to the proposed appendix C1.
(41) DOE requests comment on the
potential impact to manufacturers from the
updates proposed to the newly proposed
appendix C2. Specifically, DOE requests
comment on the per basic model test costs
associated with testing soil-sensing and nonsoil-sensing dishwashers.
(42) DOE seeks comment on its findings
that there are no small businesses that are
OEMs of dishwashers in the United States.
DOE also seeks comment on its conclusion
that the proposed test procedure
amendments would not have significant
impacts on a substantial number of small
manufacturers.
VI. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this notice of proposed
rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on December 3, 2021,
by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
pursuant to delegated authority from the
Secretary of Energy. That document
with the original signature and date is
maintained by DOE. For administrative
purposes only, and in compliance with
requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of
the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters
the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
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Signed in Washington, DC, on December 8,
2021.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
part 430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code
of Federal Regulations as set forth
below:
PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION
PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
1. The authority citation for part 430
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Amend § 430.3 by:
a. Redesignating paragraphs (i)(2)
through (6) as (i)(3) through (7);
■ b. Adding a new paragraph (i)(2); and
■ c. Revising newly redesignated
paragraphs (i)(3); and
■ d. Revising paragraph (o)(6).
The addition and revisions read as
follows:
■
■
§ 430.3 Materials incorporated by
reference.
*
*
*
*
*
(i) * * *
(2) ANSI/AHAM DW–1–2020
(‘‘AHAM DW–1–2020’’), Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Dishwashers,
(approved October 2020), IBR approved
for § 430.32 and appendices C1 and C2
to subpart B.
(3) AHAM DW–2–2020, Household
Electric Dishwashers, (approved 2020),
IBR approved for appendices C1 and C2
to subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
(o) * * *
(6) IEC 62301 (‘‘IEC 62301’’),
Household electrical appliances—
Measurement of standby power,
(Edition 2.0, 2011–01), IBR approved for
appendices C1, C2, D1, D2, F, G, H, I,
J2, N, O, P, Q, X, X1, Y, Z, BB, and CC
to subpart B.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 430.23 is amended by
revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§ 430.23 Test procedures for the
measurement of energy and water
consumption.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) Dishwashers. (1) The Estimated
Annual Operating Cost (EAOC) for
dishwashers must be rounded to the
nearest dollar per year and is defined as
follows:
(i) When cold water (50 °F) is used,
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EAOC = (De × ETLP) + (De × N × (M +
MWS + MDO + MCO + EF ¥ (ED/
2))).
Where,
De = the representative average unit cost of
electrical energy, in dollars per kilowatthour, as provided by the Secretary,
ETLP = the annual combined low-power mode
energy consumption in kilowatt-hours
per year and determined according to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2
to this subpart, as applicable,
N = the representative average dishwasher
use of 215 cycles per year when EAOC
is determined pursuant to appendix C1
to this subpart, and 184 cycles per year
when EAOC is determined pursuant to
appendix C2 to this subpart,
M = the machine energy consumption per
cycle, in kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
MWS = the machine energy consumption per
cycle for water softener regeneration, in
kilowatt-hours and determined pursuant
to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix
C2 to this subpart, as applicable,
MDO = for water re-use system dishwashers,
the machine energy consumption per
cycle during a drain out event in
kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
MCO = for water re-use system dishwashers,
the machine energy consumption per
cycle during a clean out event, in
kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
EF = the fan-only mode energy consumption
per cycle, in kilowatt-hours and
determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this
subpart, as applicable, and
ED = the drying energy consumption, in
kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable.
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(ii) When electrically-heated water
(120 °F or 140 °F) is used,
EAOC = (De × ETLP) + (De × N × (M +
MWS + MDO + MCO + EF¥(ED/2))) +
(De × N × (W + WWS + WDO + WCO)).
Where,
De, ETLP, N, M, MWS, MDO, MCO, EF, and ED,
are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section,
W = the water energy consumption per cycle,
in kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
Wws = the water softener regeneration water
energy consumption per cycle in
kilowatt-hours and determined
according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
WDO = The drain out event water energy
consumption per cycle in kilowatt-hours
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and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this
subpart, as applicable, and
WCO = The clean out event water energy
consumption per cycle in kilowatt-hours
and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this
subpart, as applicable.
(iii) When gas-heated or oil-heated
water is used,
EAOCg = (De × ETLP) + (De × N × (M +
MWS + MDO + MCO + EF¥(ED/2))) +
(Dg x N x (Wg + WWSg + WDOg +
WCOg)).
Where,
De, ETLP, N, M, MWS, MDO, MCO, EF, and ED,
are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section,
Dg = the representative average unit cost of
gas or oil, as appropriate, in dollars per
BTU, as provided by the Secretary,
Wg = the water energy consumption per
cycle, in Btus and determined according
to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix
C2 to this subpart, as applicable.
WWSg = the water softener regeneration
energy consumption per cycle in Btu per
cycle and determined according to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2
to this subpart, as applicable,
WDOg = the drain out water energy
consumption per cycle in kilowatt-hours
and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this
subpart, as applicable, and
WCOg = the clean out water energy
consumption per cycle in kilowatt-hours
and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this
subpart, as applicable.
(2) The estimated annual energy use,
EAEU, expressed in kilowatt-hours per
year must be rounded to the nearest
kilowatt-hour per year and is defined as
follows:
EAEU = (M + MWS + MDO + MCO +
EF¥(ED/2) + W + WWS + WDO +
WCO) x N + ETLP
Where,
M, MWS, MDO, MCO, EF, ED, ETLP are all
defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) and W,
WWS, WDO, WCO are defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(3) The sum of the water
consumption, V, the water consumption
during water softener regeneration, VWS,
the water consumption during drain out
events for dishwashers equipped with a
water re-use system, VDO, and the water
consumption during clean out events for
dishwashers equipped with a water reuse system, VCO, expressed in gallons
per cycle and defined pursuant to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix
C2 to this subpart, as applicable, must
be rounded to one decimal place.
(4) Other useful measures of energy
consumption for dishwashers are those
which the Secretary determines are
likely to assist consumers in making
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purchasing decisions and which are
derived from the application of
appendix C1 to this subpart or appendix
C2 to this subpart, as applicable.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 4. Appendix C1 to subpart B of part
430 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix C1 to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of
testing under this appendix (published on
[Date of Publication of the final rule]) to
determine compliance with the relevant
standard from § 430.32(f)(1) as it appeared in
the January 1, 2021 edition of 10 CFR parts
200–499. For any amended standards for
dishwashers published after January 1, 2021,
manufacturers must use the results of testing
under appendix C2 to determine compliance.
Representations related to energy or water
consumption must be made in accordance
with the appropriate appendix that applies
(i.e., appendix C1 or appendix C2) when
determining compliance with the relevant
standard. Manufacturers may also use
appendix C2 to certify compliance with any
amended standards prior to the applicable
compliance date for those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3,
AHAM DW–1–2020, AHAM DW–2–2020,
and IEC 62301 in their entirety. The
following enumerated provisions of AHAM
DW–1–2020, AHAM DW–2–2020, and IEC
62301 are applicable to this appendix, as
follows:
(1) AHAM DW–1–2020: Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Dishwashers
(i) Sections 1.1 through 1.30 as referenced
in section 1 of this appendix;
(ii) Section 2.1 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.1 of this appendix;
(iii) Sections 2.2 through 2.3.3, sections 2.5
and 2.7, sections 2.7.2 through 2.8, and
section 2.11, as referenced in section 2 of this
appendix;
(iv) Section 2.4 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.2 of this appendix;
(v) Section 2.6.3 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.3 of this appendix;
(vi) Section 2.7.1 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.4 of this appendix;
(vii) Section 2.9 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.5 of this appendix;
(viii) Section 2.10 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.6 of this appendix;
(ix) Sections 3.1 through 3.2 and sections
3.5 through 3.7 as referenced in section 3 of
this appendix;
(x) Section 3.3 as referenced in sections 3
and 3.1 of this appendix;
(xi) Section 3.4 as referenced in sections 3
and 3.2 of this appendix;
(xii) Sections 4.1 as referenced in sections
4 and 4.1 of this appendix;
(xiii) Section 4.1.4 as referenced in sections
4 and 4.1.2 of this appendix; and
(xiv) Section 5 as referenced in section 5
of this appendix.
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(2) AHAM DW–2–2020: Household Electric
Dishwashers
(i) Section 5.10 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.8 of this appendix;
(ii) Sections 5.10.1 as referenced in
sections 4 and 4.2 of this appendix; and
(iii) Section 5.12.3.2 as referenced in
sections 5 and 5.1 of this appendix.
(3) IEC 62301: Household Electrical
Appliances—Measurement of Standby Power
(i) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 as referenced
in section 2 of this appendix; and
(ii) Sections 5.1, note 1, and 5.3.2 as
referenced in section 4 of this appendix.
1. Definitions
The definitions in Section 1.1 through 1.30
of AHAM DW–1–2020 apply to this test
procedure, including the applicable
provisions of AHAM DW–2–2020 as
referenced in Sections 1.5, 1.18, 1.19. 1.20,
and 1.22 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
2. Testing Conditions
The testing conditions in Sections 2.1
through 2.11 of AHAM DW–1–2020, except
Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, and the testing
conditions in Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–
2020 apply to this test procedure, including
the following provisions of:
(1) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 of IEC 62301
as referenced in Sections 2.1, 2.2.4, and 2.5.2
of AHAM DW–1–2020, respectively, and
(2) Sections 5.3 through 5.8 of AHAM DW–
2–2020 as referenced in Sections 2.6.3.1,
2.6.3.2, and 2.6.3.3; section 3.4 of AHAM
DW–2–2020, excluding the accompanying
Note, as referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM
DW–1–2020; Section 5.4 of AHAM DW–2–
2020 as referenced in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM
DW–1–2020; Section 5.5 of AHAM DW–2–
2020 as referenced in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020, and Section 4.1 of AHAM DW–
2–2020 as referenced in Section 2.10.1 of
AHAM DW–1–2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
2.1 Installation Requirements.
The installation requirements described in
Section 2.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers, with the
following additions:
2.1.1 In-Sink Dishwashers.
For in-sink dishwashers, the requirements
pertaining to the rectangular enclosure for
under-counter or under-sink dishwashers are
not applicable. For such dishwashers, the
rectangular enclosure must consist of a front,
a back, two sides, and a bottom. The front,
back, and sides of the enclosure must be
brought into the closest contact with the
appliance that the configuration of the
dishwasher will allow. The height of the
enclosure shall be as specified in the
manufacturer’s instructions for installation
height. If no instructions are provided, the
enclosure height shall be 36 inches. The
dishwasher must be installed from the top
and mounted to the edges of the enclosure.
2.1.2 Dishwashers without a Direct Water
Line.
Manually fill the built-in water reservoir to
the full capacity reported by the
manufacturer, using water at a temperature in
accordance with Section 2.3 of AHAM DW–
1–2020.
2.2 Water pressure.
The water pressure requirements described
in Section 2.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers except
Dishware/glassware/
flatware item
Primary source
Description
Dinner Plate ....................................
Bread and Butter Plate ...................
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ............
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ............
Fruit Bowl ........................................
Cup ..................................................
Saucer .............................................
Serving Bowl ...................................
Platter ..............................................
Glass—Iced Tea .............................
Flatware—Knife ...............................
Flatware—Dinner Fork ....................
Flatware—Salad Fork .....................
Flatware—Teaspoon .......................
Flatware—Serving Fork ..................
Flatware—Serving Spoon ...............
Comcor®/Corelle®
10 inch Dinner Plate
6.75 inch Bread &
Butter.
10 oz. Dessert Bowl
8 oz. Ceramic Cup ..
6 inch Saucer ..........
1 qt. Serving Bowl ...
9.5 inch Oval Platter
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
Corning
............
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ............
®
®
Corning Comcor /Corelle ............
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ............
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ............
Libbey .............................................
Oneida®—Accent ...........................
Oneida®—Accent ...........................
Oneida®—Accent ...........................
Oneida®—Accent ...........................
Oneida®—Flight .............................
Oneida®—Accent ...........................
2.5 Preconditioning requirements.
The preconditioning requirements
described in Section 2.9 of AHAM DW–1–
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers. For
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line, measurement of the prewash fill water
volume, Vpw, if any, and measurement of the
main wash fill water volume, Vmw, are not
taken.
2.6 Detergent.
The detergent requirements described in
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers. For any
dishwasher that does not have a detergent
compartment, determine the amount of main
wash detergent (in grams) according to
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020, or as
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:32 Dec 21, 2021
Jkt 256001
Primary
No.
6003893
6003887
6003899
6014162
6010972
6003911
6011655
551 HT
2619KPVF
2619FRSF
2619FSLF
2619STSF
2865FCM
2619STBF
specified below, and place the detergent
directly into the dishwasher chamber.
Additionally, the following detergent and
dosage may also be used for all dishwashers.
Note that if the detergent specified in Section
2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020 is used, then the
dosage requirements specified in Section
2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020 must be used.
Alternately, if the detergent specified below
is used, the dosage requirements specified
below must be used.
Use Cascade with the Grease Fighting
Power of Dawn powder as the detergent
formulation. For all dishwashers other than
water re-use system dishwashers determine
the amount of detergent (in grams) to be
added to the prewash compartment (if
PO 00000
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72773
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line.
2.3 Non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet
temperature of 50 °F, 120 °F, or 140 °F.
The test load and soiling requirements for
all non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
dishwashers shall be the same as those
requirements specified in Section 2.6.3 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 for soil-sensing
dishwashers. Additionally, both non-soilsensing and soil-sensing compact
dishwashers that have a capacity of less than
four place settings shall be tested at the rated
capacity of the dishwasher and the test load
shall be soiled as follows at each soil load:
a. Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is greater;
b. Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is smaller;
c. Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is smaller, using
half the quantity of soils specified for one
place setting.
2.4 Test load items.
The test load items described in Section
2.7.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 apply to this test
procedure, including the applicable
provisions of AHAM DW–2–2020, as
referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW–1–
2020. The following test load items may be
used in the alternative.
Alternate source
Arzberg ....................
Alternate source No.
Arzberg ....................
Arzberg ....................
Arzberg ....................
8500217100 or 2000–
00001–0217–1.
3820513100.
1382–00001–4732.
1382–00001–4731.
WMF—Gastro 0800
WMF—Signum 1900
WMF—Signum 1900
WMF—Signum 1900
WMF—Signum 1900
WMF—Signum 1900
12.0803.6047.
12.1905.6040.
12.1964.6040.
12.1910.6040.
12.1902.6040.
12.1904.6040.
provided) or elsewhere in the dishwasher (if
recommended by the manufacturer) and the
main wash compartment according to
Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2 of this appendix.
2.6.1 Detergent Dosing for Dishwashers
other than Water Re-use System
Dishwashers.
2.6.1.1 Prewash Detergent Dosing. If the
cycle setting for the test cycle includes
prewash, determine the quantity of dry
prewash detergent, Dpw, in grams (g) that
results in 0.25 percent concentration by mass
in the prewash fill water as:
Dpw = Vpw × r × k × 0.25/100
where,
Vpw = the prewash fill volume of water in
gallons,
E:\FR\FM\22DEP2.SGM
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r = water density = 8.343 pounds (lb)/gallon
for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal
inlet water temperature of 50 °F (10 °C),
8.250 lb/gallon for dishwashers to be
tested at a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 °F (49 °C), and 8.205
lb/gallon for dishwashers to be tested at
a nominal inlet water temperature of
140 °F (60 °C), and
k = conversion factor from lb to g = 453.6 g/
lb.
2.6.1.2 Main Wash Detergent Dosing.
Determine the quantity of dry main wash
detergent, Dmw, in grams (g) that results in
0.25 percent concentration by mass in the
main wash fill water as:
Dmw = Vmw × r × k × 0.25/100
where,
Vmw = the main wash fill volume of water
in gallons, and r and k are defined in Section
2.5.1.1 of this appendix.
For dishwashers that do not have a direct
water line, the Vmw is equal to the
manufacturer reported water capacity used in
the main wash stage of the test cycle.
2.6.2 Detergent Dosing for Water Re-use
System Dishwashers. Use the same detergent
dosing requirement as specified in Section
2.10.2 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
2.7 Connected functionality.
For dishwashers that can communicate
through a network (e.g., Bluetooth® or
internet connection), disable all network
functions that can be disabled by means
provided in the manufacturer’s user manual,
for the duration of testing. If network
functions cannot be disabled by means
provided in the manufacturer’s user manual,
conduct the standby power test with network
function in the ‘‘as-shipped’’ condition.
2.8 Evaluation Room Lighting Conditions.
The lighting setup in the evaluation room
where the test load is scored shall be
according to the requirements specified in
Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–2020.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
3. Instrumentation
For this test procedure, the test
instruments are to be calibrated annually
according to the specifications in Sections
3.1 through 3.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020,
including the applicable provisions of IEC
62301 as referenced in Section 3.6 of AHAM
DW–1–2020. Additionally, the following
requirements are also applicable.
3.1 Water meter.
The water meter requirements described in
Section 3.3 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water meter
conditions do not apply and water is added
manually pursuant to Section 2.1.1 of this
appendix.
3.2 Water pressure gauge.
The water pressure gauge requirements
described in Section 3.4 of AHAM DW–1–
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water
pressure gauge conditions do not apply and
water is added manually pursuant to Section
2.1.1 of this appendix.
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17:32 Dec 21, 2021
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4. Test Cycle and Measurements
The test cycle and measurement
specifications in Sections 4.1 through 4.2 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 and the scoring
specifications in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM
DW–2–2020 apply to this test procedure,
including Section 5.1, note 1, and Section
5.3.2 of IEC 62301 as referenced in Section
4.2 of AHAM DW–1–2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
4.1 Active mode cycle.
The active mode energy consumption
measurement requirements described in
Section 4.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers. Additionally,
the following requirements are also
applicable:
a. After the completion of each test cycle
(sensor heavy response, sensor medium
response, and sensor light response), the test
load shall be scored according to Section 4.2
of this appendix and its cleaning index
calculated according to Section 5.1 of this
appendix.
b. A test cycle is considered valid if its
cleaning index is 65 or higher; otherwise, the
test cycle is invalid and the data from that
test run is discarded.
c. For soil-sensing dishwashers, if the test
cycle at any soil load is invalid, clean the
dishwasher filter according to manufacturer’s
instructions and repeat the test at that soil
load on the most energy-intensive cycle
(determined as provided in Section 4.1.1 of
this appendix) that achieves a cleaning index
of 65 or higher.
d. For non-soil-sensing dishwashers,
perform testing as described in Sections 4.1.a
through 4.1.c of this appendix, except that,
if a test cycle at a given soil load meets the
cleaning index threshold criteria of 65 when
tested on the normal cycle, no further testing
is required for test cycles at lesser soil loads.
4.1.1 Determination of most energyintensive cycle.
To determine the most energy-intensive
cycle, ensure the filter is cleaned as specified
in the manufacturer’s instructions and test
each available cycle type, selecting the
default cycle options for that cycle type. In
the absence of manufacturer
recommendations on washing and drying
temperature options, the highest energy
consumption options must be selected.
Following the completion of each test cycle,
the machine electrical energy consumption
and water consumption shall be measured
according to Section 4.1.1 and 4.1.4 of
AHAM DW–1–2020, respectively. The total
cycle energy consumption, EMEI, of each
tested cycle type shall be calculated
according to Section 5.2 of this appendix.
The most energy-intensive cycle is the cycle
type with the highest value of EMEI.
For standard dishwashers, test each cycle
with a clean load of eight place settings plus
six serving pieces, as specified in Section 2.7
of AHAM DW–1–2020. For compact
dishwashers, test each cycle with a clean
load of four place settings plus six serving
pieces, as specified in Section 2.7 of AHAM
DW–1–2020. If the capacity of the
dishwasher, as stated by the manufacturer, is
less than four place settings, then the test
load must be the stated capacity.
4.1.2 Water consumption.
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The water consumption requirements
described in Section 4.1.4 of AHAM DW–1–
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water
consumption measurement requirements do
not apply and water consumption, V, is the
value reported by the manufacturer.
4.2 Scoring
Following the termination of an active
mode test, each item in the test load shall be
scored on a scale from 0 to 9 according to the
instructions in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW–
2–2020.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements
The calculations in Section 5.1 through 5.7
of AHAM DW–1–2020 and Section 5.12.3.2
of AHAM DW–2–2020 apply to this test
procedure. The following additional
requirements are also applicable:
a. In Sections 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5, 5.4.3,
5.4.4, 5.4.5, and 5.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020,
use N = 215 cycles/year in place of N = 184
cycles/year.
b. In Section 5.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020,
use SLP = 8,465 for dishwashers that are not
capable of operating in fan-only mode.
c. For both soil-sensing and non-soilsensing dishwashers, use the equations
specified for soil-sensing dishwashers.
d. If a non-soil-sensing dishwasher is not
tested at a certain soil load as specified in
Section 4.1.d of this appendix, use the energy
and water consumption values of the
preceding soil load when calculating the
weighted average energy and water
consumption values (i.e., if the sensor
medium response and sensor light response
tests on the normal cycle are not conducted,
use the values of the sensor heavy response
test for all three soil loads; if only the sensor
light response test is not conducted, use the
values of the sensor medium response test for
the sensor light response test).
e. For dishwashers that do not have a
direct water line, water consumption is equal
to the volume of water use in the test cycle,
as specified by the manufacturer.
f. In Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and
5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020, use (C/e) in
place of K.
5.1 Cleaning Index.
Determine the per-cycle cleaning index for
each test cycle using the equation in Section
5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW–2–2020.
5.2 Calculation for determination of the
most energy-intensive cycle type.
The total cycle energy consumption for the
determination of the most energy-intensive
cycle specified in Section 4.1.1 of this
appendix is calculated for each tested cycle
type as:
EMEI = M + EF ¥ (ED/2) + W
where,
M = per-cycle machine electrical energy
consumption, expressed in kilowatt
hours per cycle,
EF = fan-only mode electrical energy
consumption, if available on the tested
cycle type, expressed in kilowatt hours
per cycle,
ED = drying energy consumed using the
power-dry feature after the termination
of the last rinse option of the tested cycle
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type, if available on the tested cycle type,
expressed in kilowatt hours per cycle,
and
W = water energy consumption and is
defined as:
V × T × K, for dishwashers using electrically
heated water, and
V × T × C/e, for dishwashers using gas-heated
or oil-heated water.
Additionally,
V = water consumption in gallons per cycle,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise
and is equal to 90 °F for dishwashers that
operate with a nominal 140 °F inlet water
temperature, and 70 °F for dishwashers
that operate with a nominal 120 °F inlet
water temperature,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours
per gallon per degree Fahrenheit =
0.0024,
C = specific heat of water in Btu’s per gallon
per degree Fahrenheit = 8.2, and
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery
efficiency = 0.75.
5.3 Calculation of cycle duration.
The cycle duration, t, expressed in hours,
is calculated as:
t = (thr × Fhr) + (tmr × Fmr) + (tlr × Flr)
where,
thr = the duration of the sensor heavy
response cycle including the power-dry
feature,
tmr = the duration of the sensor medium
response cycle including the power-dry
feature,
tlr = the duration of the sensor light response
cycle including the power-dry feature,
Fhr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of heavy response = 0.05,
Fmr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of medium response = 0.33, and
Flr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of light response = 0.62.
5. Appendix C2 to subpart B of part
430 is added to read as follows:
■
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Appendix C2 to Subpart B of Part 430—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring the
Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of
testing under this appendix C2 to determine
compliance with any standards for
dishwashers provided in § 430.32(f)(1) that
are published after January 1, 2021.
Representations related to energy or water
consumption must be made in accordance
with the appropriate appendix that applies
(i.e., appendix C1 or appendix C2) when
determining compliance with the relevant
standard. Manufacturers may also use
appendix C2 to certify compliance with any
amended standards prior to the applicable
compliance date for those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in § 430.3,
AHAM DW–1–2020, AHAM DW–2–2020,
and IEC 62301 in their entirety. The
following enumerated provisions of AHAM
DW–1–2020, AHAM DW–2–2020, and IEC
62301 are applicable to this appendix, as
follows:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:32 Dec 21, 2021
Jkt 256001
(1) AHAM DW–1–2020: Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Dishwashers
(i) Sections 1.1 through 1.30 as referenced
in section 1 of this appendix;
(ii) Section 2.1 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.1 of this appendix;
(iii) Sections 2.2 through 2.3.3, sections 2.5
and 2.7, sections 2.7.2 through 2.8, and
section 2.11, as referenced in section 2 of this
appendix;
(iv) Section 2.4 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.2 of this appendix;
(v) Section 2.6.3 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.3 of this appendix;
(vi) Section 2.7.1 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.4 of this appendix;
(vii) Section 2.9 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.5 of this appendix;
(viii) Section 2.10 as referenced in sections
2 and 2.6 of this appendix;
(ix) Sections 3.1 through 3.2 and sections
3.5 through 3.7 as referenced in section 3 of
this appendix;
(x) Section 3.3 as referenced in sections 3
and 3.1 of this appendix;
(xi) Section 3.4 as referenced in sections 3
and 3.2 of this appendix;
(xii) Section 4.1 as referenced in sections
4 and 4.1 of this appendix;
(xiii) Section 4.1.4 as referenced in sections
4 and 4.1.2 of this appendix; and
(xiv) Section 5 as referenced in section 5
of this appendix.
(2) AHAM DW–2–2020: Household Electric
Dishwashers
(i) Section 5.10 as referenced in sections 2
and 2.8 of this appendix;
(ii) Sections 5.10.1 as referenced in
sections 4 and 4.2 of this appendix; and
(iii) Section 5.12.3.2 as referenced in
sections 5 and 5.1 of this appendix.
(3) IEC 62301: Household Electrical
Appliances—Measurement of Standby Power
(i) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 as referenced
in section 2 of this appendix; and
(ii) Sections 5.1, note 1, and 5.3.2 as
referenced in section 4 of this appendix.
1. Definitions
The definitions in Sections 1.1 through
1.30 of AHAM DW–1–2020 apply to this test
procedure, including the applicable
provisions of AHAM DW–2–2020 as
referenced in Sections 1.5, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20,
and 1.22 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
2. Testing Conditions
The testing conditions in Section 2.1
through 2.11 of AHAM DW–1–2020, except
Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, and the testing
conditions in Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–
2020 apply to this test procedure, including
the following provisions of:
(1) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 of IEC 62301
as referenced in Sections 2.1, 2.2.4, and 2.5.2
of AHAM DW–1–2020, respectively, and
(2) Sections 5.3 through 5.8 of AHAM DW–
2–2020 as referenced in Sections 2.6.3.1,
2.6.3.2, and 2.6.3.3; Section 3.4 of AHAM
DW–2–2020, excluding the accompanying
Note, as referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM
DW–1–2020; Section 5.4 of AHAM DW–2–
2020 as referenced in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM
DW–1–2020; Section 5.5 of AHAM DW–2–
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72775
2020 as referenced in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM
DW–1–2020, and Section 4.1 of AHAM DW–
2–2020 as referenced in Section 2.10.1 of
AHAM DW–1–2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
2.1 Installation Requirements.
The installation requirements described in
Section 2.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers, with the
following additions:
2.1.1 In-Sink Dishwashers.
For in-sink dishwashers, the requirements
pertaining to the rectangular enclosure for
under-counter or under-sink dishwashers are
not applicable. For such dishwashers, the
rectangular enclosure must consist of a front,
a back, two sides, and a bottom. The front,
back, and sides of the enclosure must be
brought into the closest contact with the
appliance that the configuration of the
dishwasher will allow. The height of the
enclosure shall be as specified in the
manufacturer’s instructions for installation
height. If no instructions are provided, the
enclosure height shall be 36 inches. The
dishwasher must be installed from the top
and mounted to the edges of the enclosure.
2.1.2 Dishwashers without a Direct Water
Line.
Manually fill the built-in water reservoir to
the full capacity reported by the
manufacturer, using water at a temperature in
accordance with Section 2.3 of AHAM DW–
1–2020.
2.2 Water pressure.
The water pressure requirements described
in Section 2.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line.
2.3 Non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet
temperature of 50 °F, 120 °F, or 140 °F.
The test load and soiling requirements for
all non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
dishwashers shall be the same as those
requirements specified in Section 2.6.3 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 for soil-sensing
dishwashers. Additionally, both non-soilsensing and soil-sensing compact
dishwashers that have a capacity of less than
four place settings shall be tested at the rated
capacity of the dishwasher and the test load
shall be soiled as follows at each soil load:
a. Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is greater;
b. Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is smaller;
c. Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of the
place settings, excluding flatware and serving
pieces (rounded up to the nearest integer) or
one place setting, whichever is smaller, using
half the quantity of soils specified for one
place setting.
2.4 Test load items.
The test load items described in Section
2.7.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 apply to this test
procedure, including the applicable
provisions of AHAM DW–2–2020, as
referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW–1–
2020. The following test load items may be
used in the alternative.
E:\FR\FM\22DEP2.SGM
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Dishware/glassware/
flatware item
Primary source
Description
Dinner Plate ..................................
Bread and Butter Plate .................
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Fruit Bowl .....................................
Cup ...............................................
Saucer ..........................................
Serving Bowl ................................
Platter ...........................................
Glass—Iced Tea ...........................
Flatware—Knife ............................
Flatware—Dinner Fork .................
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Corning Comcor®/Corelle® ..........
Libbey ..........................................
Oneida®—Accent .........................
Oneida®—Accent .........................
10 inch Dinner Plate
6.75 inch Bread &
Butter.
10 oz. Dessert Bowl
8 oz. Ceramic Cup
6 inch Saucer .........
1 qt. Serving Bowl ..
9.5 inch Oval Platter
................................
................................
................................
6003899
6014162
6010972
6003911
6011655
551 HT
2619KPVF
2619FRSF
Flatware—Salad Fork ...................
Oneida®—Accent .........................
................................
2619FSLF
Flatware—Teaspoon ....................
Oneida®—Accent .........................
................................
2619STSF
Flatware—Serving Fork ................
Oneida®—Flight ...........................
................................
2865FCM
Flatware—Serving Spoon ............
Oneida®—Accent .........................
................................
2619STBF
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
2.5 Preconditioning requirements
The preconditioning requirements
described in Section 2.9 of AHAM DW–1–
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
the measurement of the prewash fill water
volume, Vpw, if any, and measurement of the
main wash fill water volume, Vmw, are not
required.
2.6 Detergent.
The detergent requirements described in
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers. For any
dishwasher that does not have a detergent
compartment, place the detergent directly
into the dishwasher chamber.
2.7 Connected functionality.
For dishwashers that can communicate
through a network (e.g., Bluetooth® or
internet connection), disable all network
functions that can be disabled by means
provided in the manufacturer’s user manual,
for the duration of testing. If network
functions cannot be disabled by means
provided in the manufacturer’s user manual,
conduct the standby power test with network
function in the ‘‘as-shipped’’ condition.
2.8 Evaluation Room Lighting Conditions.
The lighting setup in the evaluation room
where the test load is scored shall be
according to the requirements specified in
Section 5.10 of AHAM DW–2–2020.
3. Instrumentation
For this test procedure, the test
instruments are to be calibrated annually
according to the specifications in Section 3.1
through 3.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020, including
the applicable provisions of IEC as referenced
in Section 3.6 of AHAM DW–1–2020.
Additionally, the following requirements are
also applicable.
3.1 Water meter.
The water meter requirements described in
Section 3.3 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water meter
conditions do not apply and water is added
manually pursuant to Section 2.1.1 of this
appendix.
3.2 Water pressure gauge.
The water pressure gauge requirements
described in Section 3.4 of AHAM DW–1–
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17:32 Dec 21, 2021
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Primary
No.
6003893
6003887
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water
pressure gauge conditions do not apply and
water is added manually pursuant to Section
2.1.1 of this appendix.
4. Test Cycle and Measurements
The test cycle and measurement
specifications in Sections 4.1 through 4.2 of
AHAM DW–1–2020 and the scoring
specifications in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM
DW–2–2020 apply to this test procedure,
including Section 5.1, note 1, and Section
5.3.2 of IEC 62301 as referenced in Section
4.2 of AHAM DW–1–2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
4.2 Active mode cycle.
The active mode energy consumption
measurement requirements described in
Section 4.1 of AHAM DW–1–2020 are
applicable to all dishwashers. Additionally,
the following requirements are also
applicable:
a. After the completion of each test cycle
(sensor heavy response, sensor medium
response, and sensor light response), the test
load shall be scored according to Section 4.2
of this appendix and its cleaning index
calculated according to Section 5.1 of this
appendix.
b. A test cycle is considered valid if its
cleaning index is 65 or higher; otherwise, the
test cycle is invalid and the data from that
test run is discarded.
c. For soil-sensing dishwashers, if the test
cycle at any soil load is invalid, clean the
dishwasher filter according to manufacturer’s
instructions and repeat the test at that soil
load on the most energy-intensive cycle
(determined as provided in Section 4.1.1 of
this appendix) that achieves a cleaning index
of 65 or higher.
d. For non-soil-sensing dishwashers,
perform testing as described in Section 4.1.a
through 4.1.c of this appendix, except that,
if a test cycle at a given soil load meets the
cleaning index threshold criteria of 65 when
tested on the normal cycle, no further testing
is required for test cycles at lesser soil loads.
4.1.1 Determination of most energyintensive cycle.
To determine the most energy-intensive
cycle, ensure the filter is cleaned as specified
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Arzberg ...................
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12.0803.6047
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12.1904.6040
in the manufacturer’s instructions and test
each available cycle type, selecting the
default cycle options for that cycle type. In
the absence of manufacturer
recommendations on washing and drying
temperature options, the highest energy
consumption options must be selected.
Following the completion of each test cycle,
the machine electrical energy consumption
and water consumption shall be measured
according to Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.4 of
AHAM DW–1–2020, respectively. The total
cycle energy consumption, EMEI, of each
tested cycle type shall be calculated
according to Section 5.2 of this appendix.
The most energy-intensive cycle is the cycle
type with the highest value of EMEI.
For standard dishwashers, test each cycle
with a clean load of eight place settings plus
six serving pieces, as specified in Section 2.7
of AHAM DW–1–2020. For compact
dishwashers, test each cycle with a clean
load of four place settings plus six serving
pieces, as specified in Section 2.7 of AHAM
DW–1–2020. If the capacity of the
dishwasher, as stated by the manufacturer, is
less than four place settings, then the test
load must be the stated capacity.
4.1.2 Water consumption.
The water consumption requirements
described in Section 4.1.4 of AHAM DW–1–
2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water
line. For such dishwashers these water
consumption measurement requirements do
not apply and water consumption, V, is the
value reported by the manufacturer.
4.2 Scoring.
Following the termination of an active
mode test, each item in the test load shall be
scored on a scale from 0 to 9 according to the
instructions in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW–
2–2020.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements
The calculations in Sections 5.1 through
5.7 of AHAM DW–1–2020 and Section
5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW–2–2020 apply to this
test procedure. The following additional
requirements are also applicable:
a. For both soil-sensing and non-soilsensing dishwashers, use the equations
specified for soil-sensing dishwashers.
E:\FR\FM\22DEP2.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 / Proposed Rules
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
b. If a non-soil-sensing dishwasher is not
tested at a certain soil load as specified in
Section 4.1.d of this appendix, use the energy
and water consumption values of the
preceding soil load when calculating the
weighted average energy and water
consumption values (i.e., if the sensor
medium response and sensor light response
tests on the normal cycle are not conducted,
use the values of the sensor heavy response
test for all three soil loads; if only the sensor
light response test is not conducted, use the
values of the sensor medium response test for
the sensor light response test).
c. For dishwashers that do not have a
direct water line, water consumption is equal
to the volume of water use in the test cycle,
as specified by the manufacturer.
d. In Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and
5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW–1–2020, use (C/e) in
place of K.
5.1 Cleaning Index.
Determine the per-cycle cleaning index for
each test cycle using the equation in Section
5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW–2–2020.
5.2 Calculation for determination of the
most energy-intensive cycle type.
The total cycle energy consumption for the
determination of the most energy-intensive
cycle specified in Section 4.1.1 of this
appendix is calculated for each tested cycle
type as:
EMEI = M + EF ¥ (ED/2) + W
where,
M = per-cycle machine electrical energy
consumption, expressed in kilowatt
hours per cycle,
EF = fan-only mode electrical energy
consumption, if available on the tested
cycle type, expressed in kilowatt hours
per cycle,
ED = drying energy consumed using the
power-dry feature after the termination
of the last rinse option of the tested cycle
type, if available on the tested cycle type,
expressed in kilowatt hours per cycle,
and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:32 Dec 21, 2021
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W = water energy consumption and is
defined as:
V × T × K, for dishwashers using electrically
heated water, and
V × T × C/e, for dishwashers using gas-heated
or oil-heated water.
Additionally,
V = water consumption in gallons per cycle,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise
and is equal to 90 °F for dishwashers that
operate with a nominal 140 °F inlet water
temperature, and 70 °F for dishwashers that
operate with a nominal 120 °F inlet water
temperature,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours
per gallon per degree Fahrenheit =
0.0024,
C = specific heat of water in Btu’s per gallon
per degree Fahrenheit = 8.2, and
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery
efficiency = 0.75.
5.3 Calculation of cycle duration.
The cycle duration, t, expressed in hours,
is calculated as:
t = (thr × Fhr) + (tmr × Fmr) + (tlr × Flr)
where,
thr = the duration of the sensor heavy
response cycle including the power-dry
feature,
tmr = the duration of the sensor medium
response cycle including the power-dry
feature,
tlr = the duration of the sensor light response
cycle including the power-dry feature,
Fhr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of heavy response = 0.05,
Fmr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of medium response = 0.33, and
Flr = the weighting factor based on consumer
use of light response = 0.62.
6. Section 430.32 is amended by
revising paragraph (f)(1) to read as
follows:
■
72777
(f) Dishwashers. (1) All dishwashers
manufactured on or after May 30, 2013,
shall meet the following standard—
(i) Standard size dishwashers shall
not exceed 307 kwh/year and 5.0
gallons per cycle. Standard size
dishwashers have a capacity equal to or
greater than eight place settings plus six
serving pieces as specified in AHAM
DW–1–2020 (incorporated by reference,
see § 430.3) using the test load specified
in section 2.4 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 in subpart B of this part,
as applicable.
(ii) Compact size dishwashers shall
not exceed 222 kwh/year and 3.5
gallons per cycle. Compact size
dishwashers have a capacity less than
eight place settings plus six serving
pieces as specified in AHAM DW–1–
2020 using the test load specified in
section 2.4 of appendix C1 or appendix
C2 in subpart B of this part, as
applicable.
(iii) Standard size dishwashers with a
‘‘normal cycle’’, as defined in AHAM
DW–1–2020, of 60 minutes or less are
not currently subject to energy or water
conservation standards. Standard size
dishwashers have a capacity equal to or
greater than eight place settings plus six
serving pieces as specified in AHAM
DW–1–2020 using the test load
specified in section 2.4 of appendix C1
or appendix C2 in subpart B of this part,
as applicable. ‘‘Normal cycle’’ duration
is determined according to section 5.3 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 in subpart
B of this part, as applicable.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 430.32 Energy and water conservation
standards and their compliance dates.
[FR Doc. 2021–26880 Filed 12–21–21; 8:45 am]
*
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 243 (Wednesday, December 22, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72738-72777]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-26880]
[[Page 72737]]
Vol. 86
Wednesday,
No. 243
December 22, 2021
Part III
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Part 430
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dishwashers; Proposed
Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 86 , No. 243 / Wednesday, December 22, 2021 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 72738]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012]
RIN 1904-AD96
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Dishwashers
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to amend the
current test procedures appendix for dishwashers, adopt a new test
procedureappendix, incorporate by reference newly published Association
of Home Appliance Manufacturers (``AHAM'') standards--AHAM DW-1-2020
and DW-2-2020--and apply certain provisions of the industry standards
to to the test procedures appendices. The proposed amendments to the
current procedure would establish requirements for water hardness,
relative humidity, and loading pattern; update requirements for ambient
temperature, detergent dosage, and standby power measurement; include
testing approaches from recently published waivers for dishwashers; and
include provisions for a minimum cleaning index threshold to validate
the selected test cycle. The proposed new test procedure appendix would
additionally include updated annual number of cycles and low-power mode
hours for the calculation of energy consumption. DOE is seeking
comments from interested parties on the proposal.
DATES:
Meeting: DOE will hold a webinar on Thursday, February 3, 2022,
from 12:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. See Section V, ``Public Participation,''
for webinar registration information, participant instructions, and
information about the capabilities available to webinar participants.
If no participants register for the webinar, it will be cancelled.
Comments: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding
this proposal no later than February 22, 2022. See Section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for details.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons
may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012,
by any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: [email protected]. Include docket
number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012 and/or RIN number 1904-AD96 in the
subject line of the message.
No telefacsimilies (``faxes'') will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on the
rulemaking process, see Section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including the Federal eRulemaking
Portal, email, postal mail, or hand delivery/courier, the Department
has found it necessary to make temporary modifications to the comment
submission process in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. DOE is
currently suspending receipt of public comments via postal mail and
hand delivery/courier. If a commenter finds that this change poses an
undue hardship, please contact Appliance Standards Program staff at
(202) 586-1445 to discuss the need for alternative arrangements. Once
the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates
resuming all of its regular options for public comment submission,
including postal mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a public meeting is held),
comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed
in the www.regulations.gov index. However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/
docket?D=EERE-2016_BT-TP-0012. The docket web page contains
instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments,
in the docket. See Section V of this document for information on how to
submit comments through www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Bryan Berringer, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-5B,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-0371. Email: [email protected].
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2588. Email:
[email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in a public meeting (if
one is held), contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program
staff at (202) 287-1445 or by email:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to maintain a previously
approved incorporation by reference and to incorporate by reference the
following additional industry standards into part 430:
ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2020 (``AHAM DW-1-2020''), ``Uniform Test Method
for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers,'' approved
October 2020.
AHAM DW-2-2020, ``Household Electric Dishwashers,'' approved
2020.
Copies of AHAM DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020 can be obtained from
AHAM at 1111 19th Street NW, Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036; or by
going to AHAM's online store at www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
IEC 62301 (``IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0''), Household electrical
appliances--Measurement of standby power, (Edition 2.0, 2011-01).
A copy of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be obtained from the International
Electrotechnical Commission, available from the American National
Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
(212) 642-4900, or go to webstore.ansi.org.
For a further discussion of these standards, see Section IV.M of
this document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Scope of Applicability
B. Updates to Industry Standards
C. Metrics
D. Test Setup
1. Water Hardness
2. Relative Humidity
3. Ambient Temperature
4. 208-Volt Power
5. Built-In Water Reservoir
6. In-Sink Installation
7. Absence of Main Detergent Compartment
E. Test Cycle Amendments
1. Cycle Selections
2. Drying Energy Measurement
3. Annual Number of Cycles
F. Energy and Water Consumption Test Methods
1. Test Load Items
[[Page 72739]]
2. Soils
3. Loading Pattern
4. Preconditioning Cycles
5. Detergent
6. Rinse Aid
7. Water Softener Regeneration Cycles
8. Water Re-Use System
G. Cleaning Performance
1. Cleaning Performance Test Method
2. Cleaning Index Threshold
3. Validation of the Test Cycle
4. Determining the Most Energy-Intensive Cycle
H. Standby Mode Test Method
1. Standby Power Measurement
2. Annual Combined Low-Power Mode Energy Consumption Calculation
I. Network Mode
J. Test Cycle Duration
K. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
L. Compliance Date and Waivers
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Dishwashers are included in the list of ``covered products'' for
which DOE is authorized to establish and amend energy conservation
standards and test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6292(a)(6)) DOE's test
procedures for dishwashers are currently prescribed at 10 CFR 430.23(c)
and appendix C1 to subpart B of part 430 (``appendix C1''). The
following sections discuss DOE's authority to establish test procedures
for dishwashers and relevant background information regarding DOE's
consideration of test procedures for this product.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part B \2\ of EPCA established the Energy Conservation
Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles, which sets forth
a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. These
products include dishwashers, the subject of this document. (42 U.S.C.
6292(a)(6))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this NOPR refer to the statute as
amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec. 27,
2020).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was redesignated Part A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA specifically include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6291),
test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6293), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6294),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6295), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6296).
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their products comply with the applicable energy
conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)),
and (2) making representations about the efficiency of those consumer
products (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)). Similarly, DOE must use these test
procedures to determine whether the products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers of Federal preemption for
particular State laws or regulations, in accordance with the procedures
and other provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered product, including
dishwashers, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
If the Secretary determines, on her own behalf or in response to a
petition by any interested person, that a test procedure should be
prescribed or amended, the Secretary shall promptly publish in the
Federal Register proposed test procedures and afford interested persons
an opportunity to present oral and written data, views, and arguments
with respect to such procedures. The comment period on a proposed rule
to amend a test procedure shall be at least 60 days and may not exceed
270 days. In prescribing or amending a test procedure, the Secretary
shall take into account such information as the Secretary determines
relevant to such procedure, including technological developments
relating to energy use or energy efficiency of the type (or class) of
covered products involved. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) If DOE determines
that test procedure revisions are not appropriate, DOE must publish its
determination not to amend the test procedures. DOE is publishing this
notice of proposed rulemaking (``NOPR'') in satisfaction of its
requirements under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE amend its test procedures for
all covered products to integrate measures of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) Standby mode and off
mode energy consumption must be incorporated into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor for each
covered product unless the current test procedures already account for
and incorporate standby and off mode energy consumption or such
integration is technically infeasible. If an integrated test procedure
is technically infeasible, DOE must prescribe a separate standby mode
and off mode energy use test procedure for
[[Page 72740]]
the covered product, if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)(ii)) Any such amendment must consider the most current
versions of the International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC'')
Standard 62301 \3\ and IEC Standard 62087 \4\ as applicable. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances--Measurement of
standby power (Edition 2.0, 2011-01).
\4\ IEC 62087, Methods of measurement for the power consumption
of audio, video, and related equipment (Edition 3.0, 2011-04).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Background
DOE most recently amended its dishwasher test procedures in a final
rule published October 31, 2012 that established a new test procedure
at appendix C1. 77 FR 65942 (``October 2012 final rule''). (For
additional information on the history of test procedure rulemaking for
dishwashers, please see the October 2012 final rule.) Appendix C1
follows the same general procedures as those included in the previously
established appendix (i.e., ``appendix C''), with updates to: (1)
Revise the provisions for measuring energy consumption in standby mode
or off mode; (2) add requirements for dishwashers with water softeners
to account for regeneration cycles; (3) require an additional
preconditioning cycle; (4) include clarifications regarding certain
definitions, test conditions, and test setup; and (5) replace obsolete
test load items and soils. 77 FR 65942, 65982-65987. Appendix C1 is
currently required to demonstrate compliance with DOE's energy
conservation standards for dishwashers at 10 CFR 430.32(f).
The current version of the DOE test procedure includes provisions
for determining estimated annual energy use (``EAEU'') in kilowatt-
hours per year (``kWh/year''), estimated annual operating cost
(``EAOC'') in dollars per year, and water consumption in gallons per
cycle (``gal/cycle''). (10 CFR 430.23(c)) On December 13, 2016, DOE
published a final determination (``December 2016 Final Determination'')
regarding the energy conservation standards for dishwashers in which
DOE removed appendix C, which was applicable only to dishwashers
manufactured before May 30, 2013. See 81 FR 90072, 90073.
On August 20, 2019, DOE published a request for information
(``August 2019 RFI'') seeking comments on the existing test procedure
for dishwashers. 84 FR 43071. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
comments, information, and data about a number of issues, including:
Cycle selections, cycle options, test load items, soils, annual number
of cycles, loading pattern, detergent, rinse aid, water hardness,
standby testing, room ambient conditions, incorporating requirements
from existing waivers for testing dishwashers, repeatability and
reproducibility of the test procedure, and efficiency metrics. Id.
DOE received comments in response to the August 2019 RFI from the
interested parties listed in Table I-1.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for dishwashers (Docket NO. EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012,
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The references are
arranged as follows: (Commenter name, comment docket ID number, page
of that document).
Table I-1--August 2019 RFI Written Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commenter(s) Reference in this NOPR Commenter type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Joint Commenters......... Efficiency Organizations.
American Council for an Energy-
Efficient Economy, Alliance to Save
Energy, and Natural Resources Defense
Council, Northwest Energy Efficiency
Alliance, Consumer Federation of
America, National Consumer Law Center
on behalf of its low-income clients.
Association of Home Appliance AHAM..................... Trade Association.
Manufacturers \6\.
California Energy Commission (``CEC''). CEC...................... State Agency.
GE Appliances, a Haier company GEA...................... Manufacturer.
(``GEA'').
Pacific Gas and Electric Company California Investor Owned Utility Association.
(``PG&E''), San Diego Gas and Utilities (``CAIOUs'').
Electric, and Southern California
Edison.
Samsung Electronics America............ Samsung.................. Manufacturer.
Whirlpool Corporation.................. Whirlpool................ Manufacturer.
Anonymous.............................. Anonymous................ Individual.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On October 30, 2020, DOE published a final rule (``October 2020
Final Rule'') establishing a separate product class for standard size
dishwashers with a cycle time for the ``normal'' cycle of less than one
hour (i.e., 60 minutes) from washing through drying. 85 FR 68723. The
definition for the new product class of standard size dishwashers with
a ``normal'' cycle time of 60 minutes or less defines ``normal'' cycle
time by reference to Section 1.12 of appendix C1. 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(iii). On August 11, 2021, DOE published a NOPR (``August
2021 NOPR'') proposing to revoke the final rule that established the
new product class for dishwashers. 86 FR 43970. The new product class
definition, as well as the previously established definitions for
standard size dishwasher and compact dishwasher, incorporate by
reference American National Standards Institute (``ANSI'') ANSI/AHAM
DW-1-2010 for specifying the place settings used to distinguish between
``standard'' and ``compact.'' 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(i)-(iii).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ DOE notes that AHAM submitted an additional comment
following close of the comment period in which it encouraged DOE to
adopt the updated AHAM test procedure for dishwashers. (AHAM, No.
11)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
Currently, DOE incorporates by reference into 10 CFR part 430 the
2010 edition of AHAM DW-1, ``Household Electric Dishwashers'' (``ANSI/
AHAM DW-1-2010'') and applies certain provisions of the standard to
appendix C1. AHAM most recently updated AHAM DW-1 with the release of
the 2020 edition and also renumbered the standard as AHAM DW-2 (``AHAM
DW-2-2020''). AHAM also published the new standard AHAM DW-1-2020,
``Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of
Dishwashers'' (``AHAM DW-1-2020''), which is consistent with the
existing DOE test procedure in appendix C1, including referencing AHAM
DW-2-2020 for the provisions where appendix C1 currently references
ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010. Several provisions in AHAM DW-1-2020 provide
updates and additions as compared to the existing requirements in
appendix C1.
[[Page 72741]]
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the new industry standard, AHAM DW-1-2020, and update the
industry standard incorporated by reference in 10 CFR part 430 from
ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 to AHAM DW-2-2020. Specifically, DOE proposes to:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM DW-1-2020 into 10 CFR part 430
and apply certain provisions of the industry standards to appendix C1,
including the following:
a. Add the water hardness specification in Section 2.11 of AHAM DW-
1-2020;
b. Add the relative humidity specification in Section 2.5.1 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 and the associated tolerance for the measurement instrument
in Section 3.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
c. Update the active mode ambient temperature as specified in
Section 2.5.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
d. Update the loading pattern requirement by applying the direction
specified in Section 2.6 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
e. Update the specifications for detergent usage consistent with
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-1-2020. This includes changing the type of
detergent used, and the calculation of detergent dosage to be used for
the pre-wash and main-wash cycles of dishwashers other than water re-
use system dishwashers;
f. Add specific dishwasher door configuration requirements during
standby mode testing, by incorporating the specifications in Section
4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020 and update the annual combined low-power mode
hours based on cycle duration; and,
g. Incorporate the requirements from AHAM DW-1-2020 for the test
methods pertaining to two granted waivers for dishwashers with specific
design features.
(2) Establish new appendix C2, which would generally require
testing as in appendix C1, with the following additional update:
a. Updated number of annual cycles and low-power mode hours used
for calculating the estimated annual energy use as specified in Section
5 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
For both appendix C1 and proposed new appendix C2, DOE additionally
proposes to:
(1) Specify provisions for scoring the test load and calculating a
per-cycle cleaning index metric as specified in AHAM DW-2-2020 and
establish a minimum cleaning index threshold of 65 as a condition for a
test cycle to be valid.
(2) Incorporate the test methods specified in a waiver for testing
a basic model of dishwashers that does not hook up to a water supply
line, but has a manually filled, built-in water tank. Additionally,
incorporate the test methods specified in a waiver for basic models of
dishwashers that are installed in-sink (as opposed to built-in to the
cabinetry or placed on countertops).
DOE's proposed actions are summarized in Table II-1 compared to the
current test procedure, as well as the reason for the proposed change.
Table II-1--Summary of Changes in Proposed Test Procedure Relative to Current Test Procedure
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed test
Current DOE test procedure procedure Applicable test procedure Attribution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References provisions of ANSI/AHAM References provisions Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
DW-1-2010 for some aspects of the of AHAM DW-1-2020 industry standard and
test procedure. newly incorporated practice.
into 10 CFR part 430,
with limited
modifications.
Does not specify a water hardness Adds water hardness Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
requirement. requirement to be industry standard and
consistent with AHAM practice.
DW-1-2020, which is 0
to 85 parts per
million of calcium
carbonate.
Does not specify any range for Specifies the relative Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
relative humidity. humidity (``RH'') industry standard and
requirement from AHAM practice.
DW-1-2020, which is
35 percent 15 percent.
Does not specify any References the Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
instrumentation for measuring instrumentation industry standard and
relative humidity. requirements for practice.
measuring relative
humidity from AHAM DW-
1-2020.
Specifies that the ambient References the ambient Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
temperature must be maintained at temperature industry standard and
75[deg] 5[deg] F. requirement from AHAM practice
DW-1-2020, including
maintaining it at a
target temperature of
75[deg] F.
Does not specify a loading pattern. References the loading Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
pattern from AHAM DW- industry standard and
1-2020, which practice.
specifies the same
loading requirements
as the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance
Test Method.
References the detergent type and References the Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
detergent dosing requirements from detergent type and industry standard and
ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, which detergent dosing practice.
specifies Cascade with the Grease requirements from
Fighting Power of Dawn as the AHAM DW-1-2020, which
detergent and dosing requirements specifies Cascade
based on water volumes in the Complete Powder
prewash and main wash cycles. detergent and dosing
requirements based on
number of place
settings.
Uses 215 annual cycles for Reduces the annual Appendix C2................ Harmonize with
calculating annual energy use. number of cycles to industry standard and
184 for calculating practice.
annual energy use.
Does not specify whether the References the Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Harmonize with
dishwasher door should be open or requirement from AHAM industry standard and
closed during standby mode testing. DW-1-2020, which practice.
specifies that the
door must be opened
at the end of an
active cycle and
closed immediately
prior to standby
power measurement.
Uses 8,465 hours to calculate References the Appendix C2................ Harmonize with
combined low-power mode energy requirement from AHAM industry standard and
consumption for dishwashers that DW-1-2020 to use the practice.
do not have a fan-only mode. measured cycle
duration to calculate
combined low-power
mode hours.
Does not include a method to test Includes a method to Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Response to waiver and
dishwashers operating on 208-volt test dishwashers harmonize with
power supply. intended for a 208- industry standard and
volt power supply, practice.
which is also
included in AHAM DW-1-
2020.
Does not include a method to test Specifies the test Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Response to waiver and
dishwashers with a water re-use method for harmonize with
system that uses water recovered dishwashers with a industry standard and
from prior use. water re-use system practice.
from AHAM DW-1-2020.
Specifies installation instructions Specifies installation Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Response to waiver.
and test provisions only for instructions and test
dishwashers that connect to a provisions for
water supply line. dishwashers that do
not connect to a
water supply line but
instead have a built-
in water tank.
Specifies installation instructions Specifies installation Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Response to waiver.
only for under-counter and under- instructions for ``in-
sink dishwashers. sink'' dishwashers.
[[Page 72742]]
Requires placing detergent within a Specifies detergent Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Response to waiver.
main wash detergent compartment. placement
instructions for
dishwashers that do
not have a main wash
detergent compartment.
Does not specify measurement of the Specifies measurement Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Update in response to
normal cycle time specifically for of the duration of new product class.
determining whether a standard the ``normal'' cycle
size dishwasher has a normal cycle for the purpose of
time of 60 minutes or less. product class
determination.
Does not specify a minimum cleaning References AHAM DW-2- Appendix C1 and appendix C2 Ensure the test
index threshold to valid a test 2020 to specify procedure produces
cycle. measurement of a per- test results which
cycle cleaning index, measure energy and
with a threshold water use during a
value of 65 as a representative
condition for a test average use cycle.
cycle to be valid.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed amendments to the
test procedure described in Section III of this document for appendix
C1 would not require DOE to amend the energy and water conservation
standards for dishwashers.
The additional proposed amendments for the newly proposed appendix
C2 would alter the reported energy and water consumption of
dishwashers, as discussed in each relevant section of this NOPR.
However, as proposed, testing in accordance with these specific
proposed changes would not be required until such time as compliance is
required with any amended energy conservation standards based on
appendix C2.
Discussion of DOE's proposed actions are addressed in detail in
Section III of this document.
III. Discussion
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested stakeholder feedback on
several topics including test setup, dishwasher cycle-related
specifications, potential inclusion of additional cycle features,
representative test load with soiling levels, and whether further
clarification is needed for the prescribed test procedure. 84 FR 43071.
While DOE received specific comments pertaining to each topic on
which it requested comments, DOE also received some general comments in
response to the August 2019 RFI. An anonymous commenter stated that the
Federal government should refrain from rulemakings on products.
(Anonymous, No. 3 at p. 1) AHAM stated that the current test procedure
produces representative results, is not unduly burdensome, and is
consistent with the DOE Appliance Standard Program's goals. However,
AHAM commented that there is inherent variation for soil-sensing
dishwashers that could not be eliminated during testing, and that the
test procedure should provide additional clarity and minimize
variation, but there will always be some inconsistent soil responses in
the test. (AHAM, No. 5 at pp. 2, 8) AHAM further stated that adding
cycles or options, or changing the load or soils, would add significant
test burden and decrease repeatability and reproducibility in some
cases. However, AHAM stated, minor clarifications to the test procedure
could improve it and suggested a number of clarifications in its
comments, which DOE addresses in the relevant sections of this NOPR.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 2) GEA and Whirlpool expressed support of AHAM's
comments. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 1; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 1)
In the following sections, DOE addresses the topics on which it
requested feedback in the August 2019 RFI, summarizes stakeholder
comments received, responds to these comments, and proposes updates to
the test procedure based on comments and DOE's analyses.
A. Scope of Applicability
This rulemaking applies to dishwashers, which are cabinet-like
appliances which with the aid of water and detergent, wash, rinse, and
dry (when a drying process is included) dishware, glassware, eating
utensils, and most cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical and/or
electrical means and discharge to the plumbing drainage system. 10 CFR
430.2. DOE is not proposing to amend the scope of the current
dishwasher test procedure.
B. Updates to Industry Standards
The current dishwasher test procedure at appendix C1 references the
AHAM industry standard, ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, for certain provisions of
the DOE test procedure. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested comments
in reference to this industry standard. 84 FR 43071, 43078. At the time
of the August 2019 RFI, AHAM DW-1-2019, ``Household Electric
Dishwashers'' (``AHAM DW-1-2019'') was the most recent version of the
industry standard.
In response to the August 2019 RFI, stakeholders commented on the
potential incorporation by reference of AHAM DW-1-2019, the then-
current version of the industry standard. This NOPR refers to ANSI/AHAM
DW-1-2010 and AHAM DW-1-2019, when discussing the August 2019 RFI and
stakeholder comments, respectively.
Since the publication of the August 2019 RFI, AHAM published AHAM
DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020.
AHAM DW-1-2020 provides an industry test procedure for determining
the energy and water consumption of dishwashers, updating the relevant
test procedure provisions that were previously in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-
2010.\7\ AHAM DW-1-2020 specifies definitions, testing conditions,
instrumentation, test cycle and measurements, and calculations for
energy and water consumption of dishwashers. AHAM DW-1-2020 also
references the IEC Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power'', Edition 2.0, 2011-01 (``IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0'') for measuring standby mode and off mode power consumption. AHAM
DW-1-2020 was developed by AHAM based upon the current appendix C1 and
references, as applicable, AHAM DW-2-2020 in each instance where
appendix C1 currently references ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010.\8\ AHAM DW-1-2020
also includes updates that reflect AHAM's comments in response to the
August 2019 RFI. Additionally, AHAM included requirements pertaining to
the
[[Page 72743]]
two dishwasher test procedure waivers that were in effect as of July
2020. DOE participated in the AHAM DW-1-2020 development process and
provided feedback and comments for the task group's consideration on
various topics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ As noted previously, AHAM DW-1-2019 included the measurement
of cleaning performance but not energy or water consumption.
\8\ The current references to ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 specify place
settings, serving pieces, soiling procedures, loading procedures,
and detergent specifications--all of which are now specified in AHAM
DW-2-2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHAM DW-2-2020 supersedes the AHAM DW-1-2019 industry standard.\9\
AHAM included minor changes and illustrations to improve consistency
throughout the document, to reflect the latest representative items
used for testing, and to eliminate ambiguity in test preparation. DOE
proposes to reference relevant sections of AHAM DW-2-2020, which
includes setup, measurement, and calculation instructions for
evaluating dishwasher cleaning performance, for its proposal to specify
a per-cycle cleaning index threshold as a condition for a valid test
cycle.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ AHAM updated its numbering scheme for dishwasher standards,
wherein DW-2 measures cleaning performance, whereas DW-1 measures
energy and water consumption.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Because ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 and AHAM DW-1-2019 have been
superseded, the updates proposed in this NOPR are consistent with AHAM
DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020, as appropriate. Where the requirements
differ between succeeding documents, the implications of these
differences are discussed in more detail in the respective sections of
this NOPR.
DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR part 430
the currently applicable industry test procedure for dishwashers, AHAM
DW-1-2020. Simultaneously, DOE is also proposing to update the industry
standard incorporated by reference in 10 CFR part 430 from ANSI/AHAM
DW-1-2010 to AHAM DW-2-2020. In addition, DOE is proposing to reference
in appendix C1 and newly proposed appendix C2 specific provisions of
AHAM DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020, with modifications, to clarify
provisions where the applicable industry consensus standards would not
produce test results that are representative of the energy and water
use of certain products.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate by reference
into 10 CFR part 430 the most recent version of the industry standard
for dishwasher energy and water use measurement, AHAM DW-1-2020, as
well as the industry performance standard, AHAM DW-2-2020, both with
modifications. DOE seeks comment on its preliminary conclusion that the
proposed modifications to the industry standards are necessary so that
the DOE test method satisfies the requirements of EPCA.
C. Metrics
DOE's dishwasher test procedures in 10 CFR 430.23(c) and appendix
C1 provide results for dishwasher energy consumption in kWh/year and
water consumption in gal/cycle. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
feedback on an energy and water use metric on a per-place setting
basis, including any data characterizing how the energy use of
dishwashers on the market in the United States could be impacted by it.
84 FR 43071, 43078.
DOE received comments regarding potential per-place setting energy
and water use metrics. AHAM opposed such metrics and recommended that
DOE maintain the number of place settings and metrics currently in
appendix C1. AHAM stated that per-place setting energy and water use
metrics could be confusing, whereas the current method is a less
complex way to compare products. Also, AHAM expressed concern that a
per-place setting metric would be too reliant on a claimed value of the
number of place settings. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 9) GEA expressed its
support of AHAM's comments, stating that a per-place setting
measurement would encourage manufacturers to increase the listed number
of place settings to allow a higher maximum annual energy use, and that
a uniform metric ensures appropriate comparison of ratings among
models. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2) The Joint Commenters also opposed the
incorporation of per-place setting metrics for energy and water usage
and provided data that they stated demonstrates that there is no
correlation between place-setting capacity and energy or water use.
(Joint Commenters, No. 8 at pp. 2-3) The CAIOUs also did not support
per-place setting energy and water metrics, commenting that they have
found no correlation between capacity and energy or water use, and that
such metrics would cause confusion in the market. (CAIOUs, No. 7 at p.
3)
In this NOPR, DOE does not propose changing the efficiency metrics
to a per-place setting basis. At this time, DOE does not have data to
support the adoption of such a metric. The data submitted by the Joint
Commenters demonstrates a wide range of certified annual energy and
per-cycle water use values among units available on the market listed
in DOE's Compliance Certification Database.
DOE agrees with the Joint Commenters' assertion that currently
available data demonstrates no consistent correlation between place-
setting capacity and either energy or water use. Additionally, such a
metric would also likely require development of an additional method to
determine capacity based on place settings. At this time, DOE proposes
to maintain the current efficiency metrics in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2.
D. Test Setup
1. Water Hardness
Appendix C1 does not currently specify any water hardness
requirement for testing. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
information on how water hardness may impact consumer dishwasher energy
and water performance, and on the burden associated with including a
water hardness requirement in the DOE test procedure. 84 FR 43071,
43077. DOE also requested information on the hardness level of water
used in current testing as compared to the water hardness level
specified in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, and the degree to which the water
hardness level impacts whether the test procedure is reasonably
designed to measure energy or water use during a representative use
cycle or period of use. Id.
AHAM, GEA, Joint Commenters, CAIOUs, and CEC expressed concern over
the potential variability caused by the lack of a water hardness
condition and recommended that DOE implement a water hardness
requirement between 0 and 85 parts per million (``ppm'') of calcium
carbonate (``CaCO3''), consistent with ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010.
(AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7; GEA, No. 10 at p. 2; Joint Commenters, No. 8 at
p. 1; CAIOUs, No. 7 at p. 2; CEC, No. 6 at p. 2) AHAM further stated
that the water hardness specifications in AHAM DW-1-2019, which are the
same as the water hardness specifications in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, are
consistent with laboratory practice. Further, AHAM expects that
laboratories already have this capability and that including the
requirement in DOE's test procedure would not increase test burden and
would add clarity to the test. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7).
These comments from interested parties suggest that varying levels
of water hardness may impact measured energy and water usage during
testing. To reduce potential variability across testing facilities and
to support reproducibility of results, DOE proposes incorporating the
water hardness requirements in Section 2.11 of AHAM DW-1-2020, which
specifies a maximum water hardness of 85 ppm of CaCO3. This
water hardness specification is the same as the water
[[Page 72744]]
hardness specification in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, AHAM DW-1-2019, and AHAM
DW-2-2020, indicating on-going industry practice. Additionally, in the
October 2012 final rule, AHAM and Whirlpool commented that the American
Water Works Association found a water hardness range of 0 to 85 ppm to
be the normal range occurring in municipal water supplies, and
Whirlpool stated that the water hardness specification was intended to
reduce lab-to-lab test variation. 77 FR 65942, 65967. Although DOE did
not adopt a water hardness specification in the October 2012 final rule
due to a lack of data, it acknowledged that it had proposed to include
such a water hardness requirement in the ENERGY STAR test method for
evaluating dishwasher cleaning performance that was under development
at that time, and that DOE might consider the topic again in a future
rulemaking if such data became available. Id. DOE finalized the ENERGY
STAR ``Test Method for Determining Residential Dishwasher Cleaning
Performance'' (``ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method'') in
2014, which includes such a water hardness specification and which
manufacturers have the option to use to report cleaning performance
data. As such, certain manufacturers may already be testing their
dishwashers according to these water hardness specifications. DOE notes
that nine dishwasher brands are included in ENERGY STAR's Most
Efficient database,\10\ and that manufacturers of these models must
report cleaning performance as measured by the ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method. Furthermore, AHAM stated that it expects
laboratories already have the capability to control water hardness to
within these specifications. As such, DOE does not expect this proposal
to be unduly burdensome or impact the rated energy and water use of
dishwashers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ ENERGY STAR Most Efficient database available at
www.energystar.gov/most-efficient/me-certified-dishwashers. Last
accessed October 23, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additionally, as described further in Section III.G of this
document, DOE is proposing to specify a minimum cleaning index
threshold as a condition for a valid test cycle, which may also be
impacted by water hardness.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to require use of the water
hardness requirements from Section 2.11 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2. Relative Humidity
Currently, appendix C1 does not specify an ambient relative
humidity for testing. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested comment on
whether ambient relative humidity affects energy or water consumption,
and whether test facilities already maintain an ambient relative
humidity of 20 to 50 percent, as specified in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010.
Additionally, DOE requested information on what, if any, test burden
would result from a relative humidity specification and the extent of
any such burden. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
AHAM supported amending appendix C1 to specify relative humidity
test conditions, stating that relative humidity is a potential source
of variation. AHAM recommended specifying relative humidity consistent
with the requirements in AHAM DW-1-2019, which according to AHAM, would
entail minimal test burden since testing facilities already have such
capability. AHAM further commented that imposing a relative humidity
requirement would add clarity to the test procedure and reduce
variation among testing laboratories. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 8) GEA also
expressed support for establishing a relative humidity requirement
consistent with AHAM DW-1-2019. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2).
DOE proposes amending appendix C1 to include the relative humidity
requirement of AHAM DW-1-2020, which specifies in Section 2.5.1 that an
ambient relative humidity condition of 35 percent 15
percent must be maintained in the testing room throughout the soiling
application and 2-hour air dry period. DOE also proposes to include
this same requirement in the new appendix C2. The proposed ambient
relative humidity level is the same requirement specified in ANSI/AHAM
DW-1-2010, which DOE referred to in its August 2019 RFI, and AHAM DW-1-
2019, which stakeholders referenced in their comments.
DOE's testing experience suggests that ambient relative humidity
could potentially impact the adherence of the applied soils to the test
load during the 2-hour air-dry period specified in AHAM DW-2-2020
(which is the same as that specified in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 and AHAM
DW-1-2019). The adherence of the applied soil loads to the dishware
could impact the amount of energy and water required to remove those
soils for soil-sensing dishwashers, which constitute a significant
percentage of dishwashers on the market. Further, adherence of the
applied soil loads could impact cleaning performance, which in turn
could impact the determination of the validity of each test cycle (see
Section III.G of this document for more details). Establishing a
relative humidity requirement would limit any such potential variation
and increase repeatability and reproducibility of test results. As
discussed, the proposed relative humidity requirement is the same as
the requirement in AHAM dishwasher standards, indicating that this
reflects current industry practice. Additionally, AHAM stated that it
expects laboratories already have the capability to control relative
humidity to within these specifications. As such, DOE does not expect
this proposal to increase test burden as compared to current industry
practice.
In conjunction with this proposed relative humidity test condition,
DOE also proposes to include the relative humidity measuring device
requirement specified in Section 3.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020, which states
that relative humidity measurement equipment must have a resolution of
at least 1 percent relative humidity, and an accuracy of at least
6 percent relative humidity over the temperature range of
75 degrees Fahrenheit (``[deg]F'') 5 [deg]F.
DOE has compared this proposed requirement to the relative humidity
measuring device requirements currently specified in other DOE test
procedures. The Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Clothes Dryers at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix
D1 and appendix D2; appendix E (Water Heaters); appendix H (Television
Sets); appendix M and appendix M1 (Central Air Conditioners and Heat
Pumps); appendix O (Vented Home Heating Equipment); appendix U (Ceiling
Fans); appendix X1 (Dehumidifiers); and appendix AA (Furnace Fans) all
require the use of a measuring device with a specified error tolerance
to measure relative humidity. These appendices specify tolerances for
the relative humidity measuring device ranging from 0.7 percent to 5
percent relative humidity. Therefore, DOE's proposal specifying a
maximum error of no greater than 6 percent relative
humidity to ensure accurate measurement of relative humidity while
testing should not cause undue burden, since testing facilities that
test other covered consumer products or equipment that require control
of the ambient relative humidity already have the capability to meet
the proposed requirement.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference AHAM DW-1-2020
for the relative humidity and
[[Page 72745]]
associated instrumentation requirements, which specifies a relative
humidity test condition of 35 percent 15 percent, and a
resolution of at least 1 percent relative humidity and an accuracy of
at least 6 percent relative humidity over the temperature
range of 75 [deg]F 5 [deg]F for the relative humidity
measuring device. To the extent that stakeholder have additional
information, DOE requests data regarding the impact of relative
humidity on dishwasher energy and water usage.
3. Ambient Temperature
Section 2.5.1 of appendix C1 currently specifies an ambient
temperature of 75 [deg]F 5 [deg]F for active mode testing.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested comment regarding the impacts of
narrowing the allowable ambient temperature range on dishwasher energy
and water consumption, and whether this change would represent a burden
for test facilities. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
In response, AHAM requested that DOE maintain the same room ambient
temperature range of 75 5 [deg]F, but that the test
procedure should specify that 75 [deg]F is the nominal target
temperature. AHAM stated that the DOE clothes washer test procedure at
10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix J2 uses the same approach of
establishing both a tolerance range and a target temperature. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 8) GEA and Whirlpool additionally recommended specifying a
target temperature of 75 [deg]F in accordance with AHAM's suggestion.
(GEA, No. 10 at p. 2; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 3) Whirlpool further
stated that the temperature range is potentially a large source of
variation in the test, and suggested reducing the allowable temperature
tolerance from a range of 10 [deg]F, providing confidential data to
support its position. (Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 3)
DOE notes that Section 2.5.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020 specifies an ambient
temperature of 75 [deg]F 5 [deg]F and further specifies a
target temperature of 75 [deg]F. DOE is proposing to reference these
ambient temperature requirements in AHAM DW-1-2020 in appendix C1 and
the new appendix C2. This proposed amendment would improve
repeatability and reproducibility of results while minimizing
additional test burden. As the proposed amendment is consistent with
the industry standard, it reflects current industry practice.
Additionally, as commented by AHAM, this amendment is consistent with
the approach used to specify ambient temperature in the clothes washer
test procedure at appendix J2.
DOE requests input on its proposal to specify a target nominal
ambient temperature of 75 [deg]F for active mode testing, as referenced
from AHAM DW-1-2020.
4. 208-Volt Power
On April 10, 2017, DOE published a Decision and Order granting
Miele, Inc. (``Miele'') a test procedure waiver (``Miele waiver'') for
testing a specified basic model intended for a 208-volt power supply
rather than the 115 volts or 240 volts specified in appendix C1. 82 FR
17227 (Case No. DW-12).\11\ Miele is required to test the basic model
specified in the Miele waiver using appendix C1, except that it must
maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at 208 volts 2 percent and within 1 percent of its nameplate frequency as
specified by the manufacturer; and maintain a continuous electrical
supply to the unit throughout testing, including the preconditioning
cycles, specified in Section 2.9 of appendix C1, and in between all
test cycles. 82 FR 17227, 17228-17229.
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\11\ All materials regarding the Miele waiver are available in
docket EERE-2016-BT-WAV-0039 at www.regulations.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested feedback on whether the test
procedure waiver provisions were generally appropriate for testing
basic models with the same attributes as those subject to the Miele
waiver. 84 FR 43071, 43078.
In response, both GEA and AHAM supported incorporating the
provisions of the Miele waiver into appendix C1. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 9;
GE, No. 10 at p. 2) Subsequently, AHAM published the AHAM DW-1-2020
standard, which includes provisions in Section 2.2.2 for testing
dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 208 volts.
As soon as practicable after the granting of any waiver, DOE is
required to publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed
rulemaking to amend its regulations so as to eliminate any need for the
continuation of such waiver. 10 CFR 430.27(l). As soon thereafter as
practicable, DOE will publish in the Federal Register a final rule. Id.
Since AHAM DW-1-2020 includes the language from the Miele waiver, DOE
proposes to reference these requirements in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2 for dishwashers that operate at 208-volts.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2 the testing provisions from AHAM DW-1-2020 to
address the Miele waiver for dishwashers that operate at 208-volts.
5. Built-In Water Reservoir
DOE published a Decision and Order on December 9, 2020 (``December
2020 Decision and Order''), granting CNA International Inc. (``CNA'') a
test procedure waiver (``CNA waiver'') for a basic model of a compact
dishwasher that does not connect to a water supply line and instead has
a built-in reservoir that must be manually filled with water. 85 FR
79171 (Case No. 2020-008).\12\ This NOPR proposes amendments regarding
the specific design characteristics addressed in the CNA waiver,
generalized to be applicable to any future dishwasher models with this
design characteristic, so as to eliminate any need for the continuation
of this waiver.
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\12\ All materials regarding the CNA waiver are available in
docket EERE-2020-BT-WAV-0024 at www.regulations.gov.
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On September 4, 2020, DOE published a notice that announced its
receipt of the petition for waiver and granted CNA an interim waiver.
85 FR 55268 (``CNA Notice of Petition for Waiver''). In its petition
for waiver and petition for interim waiver, CNA requested that DOE
waive sections of the dishwasher test procedure requiring water inflow
and water pressure criteria pertaining to a water hookup that allows
automatic water inflow into the machine during the test cycle. 85 FR
55268, 55270 Instead, CNA suggested an alternate test procedure in
which the water tank is manually filled before the test is run and
water consumption is stipulated. (Id.) In the CNA Notice of Petition
for Waiver, DOE granted CNA an interim waiver that specified an
alternate test procedure that would be appropriate for testing the
subject basic model and solicited comments from interested parties on
all aspects of the petition and the specified alternate test procedure.
Id. at 85 FR 55270-55271. DOE received two comments in response to the
Notice of Petition for Waiver, and an additional comment response on
behalf of CNA.
Based on review of these comments, DOE determined in the December
2020 Decision and Order that the alternate test procedure granted in
the interim waiver, with additional clarifying modifications, will
allow for the accurate measurement of the energy and water use of the
product while alleviating the problems CNA identified regarding testing
the specified basic model according to DOE's applicable dishwashers
test procedure. 85 FR 79171, 79171. In particular, the alternate
[[Page 72746]]
test procedure specified in the December 2020 Decision and Order
included the following provisions:
(1) The water pressure, water meter, and water pressure gauge
specifications do not apply because the water is added manually to
the reservoir;
(2) Instructions to manually fill the built-in water reservoir
to the full 5-liter reservoir capacity stated by the manufacturer;
(3) The water temperature is in accordance with Section 2.3.3 of
appendix C1 (i.e., 50[deg] 2 [deg]F)
(3) Instructions regarding the required sequence of events as
specified in the manufacturer instructions: Power on the dishwasher,
then manually fill the built-in water reservoir, then begin the test
cycle within 2 minutes after powering on the dishwasher;
(4) For each preconditioning cycle, the built-in reservoir is
manually filled before each cycle, and measurement of the prewash
fill water volume (if any) and main wash fill water volume are not
taken; instead, main wash fill water volume is specified as 0.396
gallons (1.5 liters);
(6) Water consumption measurements are not performed; instead,
water consumption is specified as 4.8 liters.
85 FR 79171, 79174.
DOE proposes to incorporate each of these provisions into both
appendix C1 and proposed new appendix C2, generalizing those provisions
that were specific to the basic model subject to the CNA waiver to be
applicable for a dishwasher of any capacity with a manually filled
built-in water reservoir. Specifically:
(1) Refer to the full reservoir capacity as reported by the
manufacturer (rather than specifying the full capacity as 5 liters);
(2) Require following any sequence of events specified in the
manufacturer instructions (rather than specifying the particular
sequence of events required for the basic model subject to the CNA
waiver);
(3) Use the prewash fill water volume (if any) and main wash
water fill volume as reported by the manufacturer (rather than
specifying a main wash fill water volume of 1.5 liters);
(4) Water consumption for each test cycle is the value reported
by the manufacturer (rather than specifying water consumption as 4.8
liters).
DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate the
requirements of the CNA waiver for any dishwasher with a built-in
reservoir. In particular, DOE requests stakeholder feedback on using
the detergent dosage requirement based on number of place settings
rather than main wash water volume in the new appendix C2, for
dishwashers with built-in reservoirs.
6. In-Sink Installation
On October 15, 2020, FOTILE Kitchen Ware Co. Ltd. (``FOTILE'')
filed a petition for waiver and interim waiver seeking a waiver from
the installation requirements specified in appendix C1, which pertain
to under-counter or under-sink dishwashers. 86 FR 26712, 26713.
In granting FOTILE an interim waiver on February 8, 2021, DOE noted
that FOTILE's alternate test procedure specified a test enclosure that
differed from the installation instructions provided in the operation
manual. 86 FR 8548, 8549. Specifically, the alternate test procedure
retained a requirement that the enclosure be brought into the closest
contact with the appliance that the configuration of the dishwasher
allows. In the case of FOTILE's basic models, this would include close
contact between the bottom of the enclosure and the underside of the
in-sink dishwasher. In the FOTILE interim waiver notice, DOE noted that
because the height of the product is 2\15/16\ inches (541 millimeters
(mm)), placing the bottom part of the enclosure as close as possible to
the bottom of the compact in-sink dishwasher would conflict with the
installation instructions in the operation manual, which specify a
minimum enclosure height of 35\7/16\ inches (900 mm). Id. This may
potentially result in differing heat losses from the dishwasher that
could impact energy consumption during the cycle. Id. In the interim
waiver notice, DOE further noted that specifying the enclosure would be
consistent with the manufacturer installation instructions and would
provide results that are more representative of average use and
requested comment on this topic. 86 FR 8548, 8551. DOE did not receive
any comments in response to the FOTILE interim waiver.
On May 17, 2021, DOE published a Decision and Order granting FOTILE
the waiver (``FOTILE waiver''). 86 FR 26712, 26715-26716 (Case No.
2020-020).\13\ Specifically, according to the published FOTILE waiver,
FOTILE is required to test compact in-sink dishwashers using appendix
C1 with modifications to install these dishwasher basic models from the
top of a rectangular enclosure (as opposed to the front). 86 FR 26712,
26713. DOE also specified the use of the installation requirements that
were proposed in the alternate test procedure in the FOTILE interim
waiver, with modifications to the provisions pertaining to the
enclosure in which the dishwasher is tested. 86 FR 26712, 26714-26715.
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\13\ All materials regarding the FOTILE waiver are available in
docket EERE-2020-BT-WAV-0035 at www.regulations.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On July 22, 2021, DOE published a notification of extension of
waiver granting a waiver to additional in-sink FOTILE basic model
dishwashers. 86 FR 38700 (Case No. 2021-005).
DOE proposes to incorporate into appendix C1 and the new appendix
C2 the alternate test procedures in the FOTILE waiver, such that the
installation requirements would be applicable for any in-sink
dishwasher. Specifically, DOE proposes that the requirements pertaining
to the rectangular enclosure for under-counter or under-sink
dishwashers that are specified in Section 2.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020 would
not be applicable to in-sink dishwashers. For such dishwashers, DOE
proposes that the rectangular enclosure must consist of a front, a
back, two sides, and a bottom. The front, back, and sides of the
enclosure must be brought into the closest contact with the appliance
that the dishwasher configuration allows. DOE additionally proposes
that the height of the enclosure must be as specified in the
manufacturer's instructions for installation height. If no instructions
are provided, DOE proposes that the enclosure height must be 36 inches,
since this is the typical height of kitchen cabinetry with counters
attached, which is where such a dishwasher would be installed. DOE also
proposes that the dishwasher must be installed from the top and mounted
to the edges of the enclosure.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate into appendix
C1 and the new appendix C2 the installation requirements for in-sink
dishwashers from the FOTILE waiver.
7. Absence of Main Detergent Compartment
In addition to seeking a waiver for the installation requirements
for in-sink dishwashers, the basic models for which FOTILE sought a
waiver do not have a main detergent compartment. 86 FR 26712, 26713.
Specifically, according to the published FOTILE waiver, FOTILE is
required to test compact in-sink dishwashers placing the detergent
directly into the washing chamber. 86 FR 26712, 26715.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate the provisions for
detergent placement specified in the FOTILE waiver into both appendix
C1 and proposed new appendix C2, generalizing this provision such that
it would be applicable to any dishwasher that does not have a detergent
compartment.
DOE requests comment on its proposal that the detergent must be
placed directly into the dishwasher
[[Page 72747]]
chamber for any dishwasher that does not have a prewash or main wash
detergent compartment.
E. Test Cycle Amendments
1. Cycle Selections
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested feedback on certain aspects
regarding dishwasher testing cycle selection. DOE requested information
on consumers' selection frequency of normal cycles and other cycle
types, in addition to the data gathered in the U.S. Energy Information
Agency's (``EIA'') 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey
(``RECS''). DOE also sought information on whether cycle selection
varies based on a specific product's energy and water consumption; if
additional cycle options are available with the normal cycle, including
any temperature or drying options other than those recommended by the
manufacturer, the means for consumers to select additional cycle
options; and the frequency with which consumers select the options. 84
FR 43071, 43074.
AHAM commented that consumers still most frequently select the
normal cycle, and when consumers decide on a cycle selection, they
typically use it for most of their cycles. Therefore, AHAM opposed any
changes to the currently tested normal cycle. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 3)
AHAM asserted that EPCA does not require every possible cycle,
combination of options, or use pattern to be tested, as such testing
would be unduly burdensome to conduct and not representative of an
average use cycle or period of use. AHAM commented that all potential
use conditions need not be tested for representative results. According
to AHAM, to establish or amend representative average use cycles, DOE
must demonstrate national, statistically average consumer behavior that
would warrant changing the current test procedure, based on consumer
usage data. AHAM concludes there is no basis for extrapolating regional
consumer data. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 2) AHAM opposed adding more cycle
options to the test because it asserts that there are not sufficient
data, and the test could be unduly burdensome to conduct. (AHAM, No. 5
at p. 3).
Conversely, CEC commented that although it does not have
information indicating frequent selection of other cycle types in
addition to the normal cycle, if DOE has information indicating
frequent consumer selection of other cycle types, then DOE is obligated
to include measurement of the energy consumption of those other cycle
types in the test procedure. (CEC, No. 6 at pp. 1-2).
Both GEA and Whirlpool supported AHAM's comment that the normal
cycle should remain the tested cycle. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2; Whirlpool,
No. 4 at p. 2) Both manufacturers submitted confidential data that
supported the position that the manufacturer-designated normal cycle
still represents consumer preference regarding cycle selection. (GEA,
No. 10 at p. 3; Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 2).
Samsung supported DOE's initiatives to study consumer data on which
cycle is most representative of consumer use. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 2).
The CAIOUs referenced PG&E's 2016 Home Energy Use Survey to support
their claim that the tested normal cycle including any power-dry
feature, in the current test procedure, is still the cycle most
representative of how consumers operate dishwashers. The CAIOUs further
stated that consumers would be less likely to switch from using the
normal cycle if DOE were to incorporate cleaning performance in the
test procedure, and recommended DOE investigate incorporating a
cleaning performance test. (CAIOUs, No. 7 at pp. 1-2).
Absent data that reflects national use and frequency of use of
other cycle types, DOE is not proposing changes to cycle selections for
testing at this time. However, as discussed in more detail in Section
III.G of this document, DOE is proposing a minimum cleaning index
threshold for a test cycle to be considered valid. Under the proposal,
if the normal cycle does not meet a specified threshold at any soil-
load, DOE proposes that the most energy-intensive cycle be tested and
used for certification purposes at that soil load. DOE believes this
alternative approach would better represent an average use cycle by
capturing those consumers that may select other cycles for washing
dishes if the cleaning performance of the normal cycle does not meet
their expectations, because higher energy use provides increased
thermal and mechanical action for removing soils, thus correlating
generally with improved cleaning performance.
In response to the August 2019 RFI, Samsung also commented that DOE
should specify that the manufacturer-recommended cycle for normal,
regular, or typical use with the lowest energy efficiency should be
selected as the test cycle if multiple cycle settings meet the
definition of ``normal cycle.'' (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 2).
Regarding Samsung's suggestion, DOE notes that the current test
procedure at appendix C1 already defines a ``normal cycle'' in Section
1.12 as the manufacturer-recommended cycle for daily, regular, or
typical use. Section 1.12 additionally specifies that if more than one
cycle meets the definition of a normal cycle, the most energy-intensive
cycle (i.e., the cycle with the lowest energy efficiency) is considered
the normal cycle. Section 1.12 of appendix C1. Therefore, the current
test procedure already addresses Samsung's suggestion.
Based on the information and comments received, DOE is not
proposing any changes to the dishwasher test cycle selections, except
with regard to validating the test cycle pursuant to the minimum
cleaning index threshold that DOE proposes to include in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2. (See Section III.G of this document.) DOE is
also not proposing to add any additional cycle options to the tested
normal cycle.
2. Drying Energy Measurement
Section 5.3 of appendix C1 specifies a methodology for determining
the ``drying energy'' consumption of a dishwasher. Dishwashers
typically incorporate technologies to assist with drying the dishes
after completion of the rinse portion of the cycle. Some dishwashers
use an exposed resistance heater to heat the air inside the washing
chamber after the final rinse to evaporate the water from the dishware.
Other dishwasher models, however, do not use a resistance heater to
heat the air, but instead achieve drying by raising the temperature of
the final rinse water. The heated rinse water evaporates more quickly
from the dishes after completion of the rinse portion of the cycle.
Section 1.14 of appendix C1 defines ``power-dry feature'' as the
introduction of electrically-generated heat into the washing chamber
for the purpose of improving the drying performance of the dishwasher.
Further, the definition of ``normal cycle'' in Section 1.12 of appendix
C1 specifically includes the power-dry feature as part of the normal
cycle. Section 5.3 of appendix C1 specifies a methodology for
calculating the energy consumed by the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse option (emphasis added). Half of this
drying energy is subtracted from the total dishwasher energy
calculations of EAOC and EAEU at 10 CFR 430.23(c)(1) and (2),
respectively.\14\
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\14\ This reflects consumer use of the power-dry feature for 50
percent (i.e., half) of dishwasher cycles.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Because the application of Section 5.3 is limited to drying energy
consumed only after the termination of the last rinse option, it would
not be applicable to the drying energy use of a dishwasher
[[Page 72748]]
that employs heated rinse technology, since such energy is consumed as
part of the final rinse rather than after the final rinse. Rather, the
energy use associated with the heated rinse would be captured as part
of the normal cycle machine energy consumption. As a result, the energy
use associated with heated rinse drying technology would be factored
into EAOC and EAEU in its entirety, rather than only by half, as
described for units with conventional power-dry technology that occurs
after the final rinse.
DOE requested information and data on the extent to which
manufacturers increase the temperature of the final rinse water to
improve drying performance. 84 FR 43071, 43074. DOE further requested
information on the extent to which manufacturers implement such a
drying strategy as part of the normal cycle, and whether and to what
extent such units provide an option to eliminate this drying function.
Id. DOE also requested data and information on the energy use
associated with increasing the temperature of the final rinse water as
a means to improve drying performance, including any available options.
Id.
AHAM opposed the addition of cycle options, including a power-dry
option, to appendix C1. They claimed a lack of available data to
suggest that consumers were selecting a power-dry feature at a
frequency that would be considered representative of ``average''
consumer use. Therefore, requiring the selection of a power-dry option
while testing would add unnecessary test burden. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 3)
GEA supported AHAM's comments opposing the addition of cycle options
stating that there is no justification for adding cycle options the
test procedure, including the power dry feature. (GEA, No. 10 at p. 2)
In response to the comments from AHAM and GEA regarding the testing
of a power-dry option, DOE notes that appendix C1 already requires
testing of a power-dry cycle option, if available. Appendix C1 requires
testing of dishwashers on the normal cycle, which is defined as the
``cycle type, including washing and drying temperature options,
recommended in the manufacturer's instructions for daily, regular, or
typical use to completely wash a full load of normally soiled dishes
including the power-dry feature'' (emphasis added). Section 1.12 of
appendix C1. That is, the power-dry option is already selected during
testing, if available.
At this time, DOE does not propose any changes to the measurement
of drying energy to accommodate units that use heated rinse to achieve
drying. The current measurement of drying energy consumption is
dependent upon a clearly identifiable boundary between the conclusion
of the final rinse and the activation of electrically-generated heat
into the washing chamber. For units that use heated rinse to achieve
drying, DOE initially determines that it would be burdensome to isolate
the energy specifically attributable to raising the temperature of the
final rinse, since such energy use would be embedded within the total
energy use measured during that portion of the cycle; i.e., it would
not be possible to determine the ``drying energy'' without, for
example, sub-metering the electrical energy use of the internal water
heater. For these reasons, DOE is not proposing any changes to the
existing requirements for measuring drying energy.
3. Annual Number of Cycles
Section 5.7 of appendix C1 calculates combined low-power mode
energy consumption, which factors into the EAEU calculation, using 215
annual cycles. DOE established the 215-cycle value in the August 2003
final rule, relying on data from several sources on consumer dishwasher
usage behavior, including the 1997 version of RECS, several consumer
dishwasher manufacturers, detergent manufacturers, energy and consumer
interest groups, independent researchers, and government agencies. 68
FR 51887, 51889-51890. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE referenced an energy
conservation standards NOPR published December 12, 2014 (79 FR 76142,
``December 2014 NOPR'') and chapter 7 of its accompanying technical
support document (``TSD''), which provided justification for using 215
cycles as the annual cycle estimate for EAEU calculations.\15\ 84 FR
43071, 43075. In the December 2014 NOPR, DOE considered survey data
from the 2009 version of RECS--which suggested 171 average annual
cycles--but determined that because RECS 2009 used a binning approach
\16\ rather than providing point estimates of usage, and because of the
large data set of consumers' residential dishwasher usage habits used
to develop the 215-cycle value, it would retain use of that value. 79
FR 76142, 76156. DOE also noted that 215 cycles per year is the number
of cycles on which the EnergyGuide label administered by the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') is based. Id.
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\15\ December 2016 Final Determination technical support
document available at www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2014-BT-STD-0021-0029.
\16\ Specifically, RECS 2009 provides data on the number of
residential dishwasher cycles in the following bins: (1) Less than
once per week, (2) once per week, (3) 2-3 times per week, (4) 4-6
times per week, (5) at least once per day.
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In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested any additional information on
annual consumer use of dishwashers, including on the appropriateness of
the analysis that incorporates the 2009 RECS data and whether it
results in a representative annual usage estimate. 84 FR 43071, 43075.
DOE also sought feedback on the suitability of data from the 2015 RECS,
the survey for which directly asked for the typical number of
dishwasher cycles per week rather than providing binned response
options such as those included in the 2009 RECS. Id.
In response, AHAM and GEA recommended that DOE consider the latest
(2015) RECS data in its analysis for the annual number of cycles used
in the EAEU calculations. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4; GEA, No. 10 at p. 3)
GEA stated that, based on the consumer data it collected, 50 percent of
the time consumers run fewer than 148 cycles per year, and 66 percent
of the time consumers run fewer than 188 cycles per year. (GEA, No. 10
at p. 3) AHAM stated that data collected from its members show a
downward trend in the number of cycles per year, with a weighted
average of 174 cycles per year. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4) Both GEA and AHAM
recommended updating the annual number of cycles of dishwasher usage to
174 cycles per year, based on the 2015 RECS data and the data they
presented, which was consistent with the trends of reduced dishwasher
usage found in 2015 RECS data. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4; GEA, No. 10 at p.
3).
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to update the current annual cycles
estimate to reflect more recent trends in dishwasher usage. DOE's
analysis of 2015 RECS data indicates annual use of 185 cycles.\17\
While AHAM and GEA recommended 174 cycles per year, they also urged DOE
to consider the 2015 RECS data in determining the number of annual
cycles. Additionally, subsequent to submitting its initial comments to
DOE in response to the August 2019 RFI, AHAM released AHAM DW-1-2020,
which specifies a value of 184 cycles per year in AHAM DW-1-2020 based
on industry consensus. DOE thus proposes to amend the current annual
number of cycles estimate from 215 to
[[Page 72749]]
184 cycles, through reference to AHAM DW-1-2020. The proposed value
closely aligns with DOE's analysis of 2015 RECS data. DOE has initially
determined that the 2015 RECS is a suitable source for updating the
annual number of cycles estimate because (1) it is the most recent RECS
edition available, (2) RECs is nationally representative for all U.S.
households, and (3) it provides direct survey data on the typical
number of dishwasher cycles run by consumers each week, rather than
providing binned response options. Compared to the existing estimate of
215 annual cycles, the proposed estimate of 184 annual cycles is
consistent with comments from AHAM and GEA as to the downward trend in
dishwasher usage.
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\17\ In the 2015 RECS, EIA collected the number of times per
week that households used their dishwasher as point values rather
than ranges as EIA had done in previous surveys. For households
using their dishwashers, multiplying weekly usage by number of weeks
in the year results in annual usage rates. A weighted average of
annual usage employs the household weight and produces a nationally
weighted annual usage value.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The proposal to update the annual cycle value for calculating EAEU,
if finalized, would change the certified and reported EAEU values. DOE
also notes that the existing energy conservation standards are based on
the EAEU as determined under the current test procedure. As such, if
this proposal were adopted, use of the 184 cycles-per-year value would
be in conjunction with any future amended energy conservation standards
for dishwashers that accounts for the updated annual cycle value.
Accordingly, DOE proposes to specify this requirement in the new
appendix C2. Manufacturers would be required to use the results of
testing under the new appendix C2 to determine compliance with any
future amended energy conservation standards.
DOE requests input on its proposal to update the estimated number
of annual cycles from 215 to 184 cycles per year for future
calculations of EAEU. DOE also requests comment on its approach to
propose a new appendix C2 with the updated annual number of cycles, the
use of which would be required for compliance with any amended energy
conservation standards.
F. Energy and Water Consumption Test Methods
1. Test Load Items
The current test load and test load items are specified in Sections
2.6 and 2.7 of appendix C1. Non-soil-sensing dishwashers are tested
with six serving pieces plus eight place settings, or six serving
pieces plus the number of place settings equal to the capacity of the
dishwasher if the latter is less than eight place settings. Soil-
sensing compact and soil-sensing standard dishwashers are tested with
four place settings and eight place settings, respectively, along with
six serving pieces each.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested information on the following
topics regarding the current test load requirements: The typical number
of place settings washed by consumers in each cycle; how the typical
number of place settings relate to a dishwasher's overall capacity;
whether the number of place settings affects energy and water
consumption; whether introducing plastic items could have an impact on
energy or water use; and typical composition of place setting items,
serving pieces, and flatware that are washed in consumer dishwashers,
including the types of items (e.g., cups, bowls, and plates) and their
characteristics (e.g., size and material). 84 FR 43071, 43074-43075.
AHAM recommended the continuation of using eight place settings as
the test load for testing standard dishwashers, stating that the eight
place settings are representative of the thermal mass consumers place
in the dishwasher. AHAM further stated that if DOE were to change the
number of place settings, the standard would likely need to be adjusted
as well. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4) GEA supported AHAM's comment and stated
that there had not been any nationally relevant, statistically
significant data justifying a change to the test load items, and
therefore, GEA opposed changing the test load items. (GEA, No. 10 at p.
2) Whirlpool commented that its confidential data supported AHAM's
position that eight place settings was representative. Furthermore,
Whirlpool stated that changing the test load would unnecessarily add
burden and/or increase variation in test results. (Whirlpool, No. 4 at
pp. 1-2).
With regard to adding plastic test load items, AHAM commented that
introducing these would not change water and energy use because these
items do not add to the dishwasher's thermal mass. Furthermore, AHAM
asserted that adding plastic into the energy test would likely increase
variation and test burden with no added benefit. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 4).
The comments summarized above generally support the continued use
of eight place settings as representative of consumer use. DOE also
notes that no data has been presented that would justify changing the
test load items at this time. Although no data was presented regarding
the use of plastic items, DOE recognizes that the minimal thermal mass
of plastic test load items would likely result in little, if any,
change to the energy and water consumption.
While not discussed in the August 2019 RFI or in comments submitted
by stakeholders in response to the August 2019 RFI, DOE observes that
some of the test load items specified in appendix C1 differ from the
items specified in Section 3.4 of AHAM DW-2-2020, which is also
referenced by Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020. The test load items as
stated in appendix C1 and AHAM DW-2-2020 are shown in Table III-1 in
this document below.
Table III-1--Test Load Items in Appendix C1 and AHAM DW-2-2020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix C1 AHAM DW-2-2020
Item --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Company/ designation Description Alternate Company designation Size
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dinner Plate....................... Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 10 inch Dinner Plate.. ..................... Corelle[supreg] 10 inch (25.4cm).
Corelle[supreg] 5256294.
#6003893.
Bread and Butter Plate............. Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 6.75 inch Bread & Arzberg #8500217100 Corelle[supreg] 6.7 inch (17.0cm).
Corelle[supreg] Butter. or 2000-00001-0217-1. 5256286.
#6003887.
Fruit Bowl......................... Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 10 oz. Dessert Bowl... Arzberg #3820513100.. Corelle[supreg] 10 oz. (296mL).
Corelle[supreg] 5256297.
#6003899.
Cup................................ Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 8 oz. Ceramic Cup..... Arzberg #1382-00001- Arzberg #1382-00001- 7 oz. (207mL).
Corelle[supreg] 4732. 4732.
#6014162.
Saucer............................. Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 6 inch Saucer......... Arzberg #1382-00001- Arzberg #1382-00001- 5.5 inch (14.0cm).
Corelle[supreg] 4731. 4731.
#6010972.
Serving Bowl....................... Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 1 qt. Serving Bowl.... ..................... Corelle[supreg] 1 qt. (950mL).
Corelle[supreg] #5256304.
#6003911.
Platter............................ Corning Comcor[supreg]/ 9.5 inch Oval Platter. ..................... Corelle[supreg] Oval--9.5 inch by 7.5
Corelle[supreg] #6011655. inch (24.1cm by
#6011655. OR ALTERNATE......... 19.1cm).
Corelle[supreg] Round--8.5 in
#5256290. (21.6cm).
Glass--Iced Tea.................... Libbey #551HT......... ...................... ..................... Libbey #551HT........ 12.5 oz.
[[Page 72750]]
Flatware--Knife.................... Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF --Gastro 0800 WMF 12.0803.6047.....
Accent 2619KPVF. 12.0803.6047.
Flatware--Dinner Fork.............. Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF -- Signum 1900 WMF 12.1905.6040.....
Accent 2619FRSF. 12.1905.6040.
Flatware--Salad Fork............... Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF -- Signum 1900 WMF 12.1964.6040.....
Accent 2619FSLF. 12.1964.6040.
Flatware--Teaspoon................. Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF -- Signum 1900 WMF 12.1910.6040.....
Accent 2619STSF. 12.1910.6040.
Flatware--Serving Fork............. Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF -- Signum 1900 WMF 12.1902.6040.....
Flight 2865FCM. 12.1902.6040.
Flatware--Serving Spoon............ Oneida[supreg] -- ...................... WMF -- Signum 1900 WMF 12.1904.6040.....
Accent 2619STBF. 12.1904.6040.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the cup, saucer, and flatware items, the alternate options
listed in appendix C1 are the primary options specified in AHAM DW-2-
2020. The iced tea glass is the only item that is the same for both
test procedures. The remaining items feature Corelle[supreg] as the
manufacturer for both appendix C1 and AHAM DW-2-2020, but these items
have new model numbers in AHAM DW-2-2020. DOE understands that the
Corelle[supreg] model numbers listed in appendix C1 are no longer in
production, and the model numbers listed in AHAM DW-2-2020 are the
newer editions for these out of production items. Additionally, AHAM
DW-2-2020 contains an alternative selection only for the serving
platter. For the other test load items, AHAM DW-2-2020 provides
instructions to contact AHAM for assistance to identify suitable
alternatives.
As illustrated in Table III-1, AHAM DW-2-2020, which is referenced
in AHAM DW-1-2020, includes newer model numbers of the test load items
as compared to appendix C1. Therefore, DOE proposes to reference AHAM
DW-1-2020, which specifies that the test load must be as stated in
Section 3.4 of AHAM DW-2-2020 in Section 2.7.1 of the standard.
Specifically, DOE would apply the provisions of Section 3.4 of AHAM DW-
2-2020 to appendices C1 and C2, excluding the Note accompanying Section
3.4 regarding AHAM assistance with determining alternatives.
However, DOE is also proposing to continue including the test load
items currently specified in appendix C1 as alternate options, so that
test laboratories can continue using the existing test load if they
already have these items. This proposal would be applicable to both
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2. Pursuant to EPCA requirements,
this approach would not impose an undue burden, but rather minimize
test burden as it would not require manufacturers and/or test
laboratories to procure new items if they already have the existing
test load items.
DOE requests comment on specifying that the test load items be as
specified in AHAM DW-1-2020 (which references Section 3.4 of AHAM DW-2-
2020), while additionally retaining, as an alternative, the current
test load specifications in appendix C1 and the new appendix C2.
2. Soils
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested information on whether
consumer soil loads have changed since DOE established the soil loads
in the August 2003 final rule. 84 FR 43071, 43075. In particular, DOE
requested any data regarding soiling conditions and the frequency of
pre-rinsing by consumers. Id. DOE also sought information on whether
the types of soil required in appendix C1 resulted in a test method
that measured energy and water use during a representative use cycle or
period of use. Id. In addition to the representative quantity of soil
and types of soil present for consumer use, DOE also requested
information on the typical mix of soils consumers load into their
dishwashers, on the appropriateness of the current composition of soil
loads in appendix C1, and on whether the appendix C1 soil loads should
be updated to incorporate different types of soils, including any
additional fats or greases. 84 FR 43071, 43075-43076.
Samsung commented that DOE's current soiling level reflects pre-
rinsing performed by the consumer. Samsung added, however, that the
report on which the soil levels in the current test procedure are based
is 20 years old, and there has been consumer advocacy by dishwasher
manufacturers, consumer advocates, and detergent manufacturers to
educate consumers against pre-rinsing. Samsung suggested that DOE
revise the test procedure to incorporate a larger soil load
representing the soiling condition without pre-rinsing, and that the
AHAM DW-1-2009 \18\ soiling levels could be consistent with such
soiling levels. (Samsung, No. 9 at pp. 2-3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ The AHAM DW-1-2009 standard is the same standard as ANSI/
AHAM DW-1-2010 before it received the ANSI accreditation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHAM stated that no data suggest that consumers no longer pre-rinse
their dishes. AHAM further stated that there is no need to change the
soil types because the purpose of the soil composition is to activate
the turbidity sensors only (for soil-sensing dishwashers), rather than
to replicate the wide array of potential soils consumers might load
into their dishwashers. According to AHAM, the current soil composition
already achieves that goal of activating the turbidity sensors while
being representative of average consumer use both in terms of
composition and quantity. AHAM opposed changing the distribution of
soil loads and the soil composition for these reasons. (AHAM, No. 5 at
pp. 5-6) GEA supported AHAM's comments, stating that there is no data
available to justify a change to the test load soiling. (GEA, No. 10 at
p. 2)
Samsung also recommended that DOE consider a field use factor for
dishwashers with soil sensors. Samsung stated that dishwashers with
soil sensors can adapt to a variety of soiling and loading conditions
of consumer dishwasher usage, and thereby optimize energy and water
use. Samsung suggested DOE consider developing a field use factor to
credit soil-sensing dishwashers for such optimizations. Samsung stated
that the clothes dryers test procedure at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix D1 uses a field use factor to recognize the energy benefits of
dryers with automatic termination controls and requested DOE consider a
[[Page 72751]]
similar factor for soil-sensing dishwashers. (Samsung No. 9 at p. 3)
The soil load specified in appendix C1 has been developed by DOE to
produce a measure of energy and water use of soil-sensing dishwashers
in a representative usage cycle. At this time, DOE does not have data
on the operation of a soil-sensing function that would suggest that a
field use factor to adjust testing results would be appropriate.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing in this NOPR a field use factor for
appendix C1 or the new appendix C2.
DOE did not receive any data regarding pre-rinsing by consumers.
Although Samsung stated that there has been consumer advocacy to reduce
pre-rinsing in recent years, no data have been presented to indicate
whether or to what degree consumers have changed pre-rinsing habits.
Absent such data, DOE is not proposing any changes to the soil loads.
DOE continues to request feedback and data regarding soiling level
and whether there have been changes to consumers' pre-rinsing behavior.
DOE also seeks information regarding the impact of different soil
levels on energy and water use in dishwashers currently on the market.
Section 2.7.4 of appendix C1 states that the soils shall be as
specified in Section 5.4 of ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, except for the
following substitutions:
Margarine. The margarine shall be Fleischmann's Original
stick margarine.
Coffee. The coffee shall be Folgers Classic Decaf.
Additionally, Section 2.7.5 of appendix C1 states that soils shall
be prepared according to Section 5.5 of ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, with the
following additional specifications:
Milk. The nonfat dry milk shall be reconstituted before
mixing with the oatmeal and potatoes. It shall be reconstituted with
water by mixing 2x-3 cup of nonfat dry milk with 2 cups of water until
well mixed. The reconstituted milk may be stored for use over the
course of 1 day.
Instant mashed potatoes. The potato mixture shall be
applied within 30 minutes of preparation.
Ground beef. The 1-pound packages of ground beef shall be
stored frozen for no more than 6 months.
DOE notes that Table 3 in Section 5.4 of AHAM DW-2-2020 specifies
Fleischmann'sTM Original Stick margarine and Folgers\TM\
Classic Decaf coffee, consistent with DOE's substitutions in Section
2.7.4 of appendix C1. These AHAM DW-2-2020 soiling specifications are
also referenced in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020. Therefore, DOE
proposes to remove the substitution for margarine and coffee from
regulatory text in appendix C1 and apply the soiling requirements in
Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020 instead.
Additionally, Section 2.7.5 of AHAM DW-1-2020 includes the
additional soil preparation requirements for milk, instant mashed
potatoes, and ground beef, which are currently specified in appendix
C1. Therefore, DOE proposes to remove the additional soil preparation
specifications from Section 2.7.5 in appendix C1 and apply the
requirements in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM DW-1-2020 instead.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to remove the soil
substitution and soil preparation requirements from Sections 2.7.4 and
2.7.5 of appendix C1 and apply these same requirements from AHAM DW-1-
2020 instead. DOE particularly requests data and information on how the
proposed soil composition would affect energy and water use in current
dishwashers.
3. Loading Pattern
Section 2.6 of appendix C1 references Section 5.8 of ANSI/AHAM DW-
1-2010 for loading the dishwasher prior to running active mode tests,
which requires loading in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendation. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested feedback on
whether any additional instructions are needed beyond referencing a
manufacturer's loading recommendation. 84 FR 43071, 43076. DOE also
requested information on how consumers typically load dishwashers. Id.
DOE stated that although manufacturer instructions may optimize loading
patterns to maximize loading capacity and dishwasher performance,
consumers may use other loading positions and alignment, leading to
variability in dishwasher performance. Id.
AHAM stated that the lack of loading specificity in appendix C1 is
a source of test procedure uncertainty. AHAM stated that the
positioning of soiled items relative to unsoiled items may impact the
rate at which soils are removed from the test load items, which may
impact soil sensor responses. AHAM recommended that the test procedure
establish the same loading instructions as Section 5.1(D) of the ENERGY
STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method. AHAM added that the purpose of a
specific loading pattern is to reduce variation in testing results, not
necessarily to emulate consumer use. AHAM commented that consumer
loading patterns are likely difficult to replicate in the test
procedure. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 6)
GEA also supported changing the loading pattern to conform with
Section 5.1(D) of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method.
(GEA, No. 10 at p. 2) The Joint Commenters stated that they support
additional specificity to the test procedure regarding the loading
pattern to improve reproducibility of test results among test
laboratories. (Joint Commenters, No. 8 at p. 1).
As stated in the August 2019 RFI, DOE recognizes that the
positioning of soiled test load items in relation to unsoiled ones
could impact the rate at which soils are removed from the test load
items, and therefore also impact soil sensor responses. 84 FR 43071,
43076. This could lead to variation in energy and water consumption.
Specifying a loading pattern requirement would improve the
repeatability of the testing procedure and reproducibility of results
across both individual tests and testing facilities. Since submitting
its comments, AHAM has included the loading pattern requirements
specified in the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method in
Section 2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020. These requirements are applicable to
soil-sensing dishwashers that are tested with both, clean and soiled
place settings. DOE proposes to apply these AHAM DW-1-2020 loading
requirements to appendix C1 and the new appendix C2 to reduce potential
variation in the test procedure. Additionally, these loading
requirements would apply to both soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers as non-soil-sensing dishwashers would be required to use
soil loads for testing under DOE's cleaning index threshold proposal
discussed in Section III.G of this document.
DOE requests input on its proposal to use the loading requirements
specified in Section 2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
4. Preconditioning Cycles
Section 2.9 of appendix C1 requires manufacturers to precondition
the dishwasher by running the normal cycle twice with no load after the
testing conditions are established. The prewash fill water volume, if
any, and the main wash fill water volume are measured during the second
preconditioning cycle to calculate the detergent amounts to be used
during the energy and water consumption tests. The prescribed procedure
ensures an accurate calculation of detergent dosing, priming of the
water lines and sump area of the
[[Page 72752]]
pump, successful sensor calibration, and machine cleaning without
adding significant test burdens. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether two preconditioning cycles were adequate or more
than is necessary to calibrate the soil sensors. DOE also requested
comment on whether using the water volumes from the second
preconditioning cycle continued to be appropriate for determining the
detergent amounts if the sensors were still being calibrated during the
second preconditioning cycle. 84 FR 43071, 43076.
AHAM commented that although sometimes unnecessary, two
preconditioning cycles ensure that the dishwasher under test is
properly calibrated, and manufacturers prefer to keep the existing two
cycles for certainty in test results as well. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 6) GEA
supported AHAM's comment by reaffirming that two preconditioning cycles
increased reliability and reproducibility in test results. (GEA, No. 10
at p. 2).
No commenter suggested the use of fewer or additional
preconditioning cycles. Based on the above discussion, DOE is not
proposing to modify the requirement for two preconditioning cycles
currently in appendix C1, and is proposing to apply this requirement to
the new appendix C2.
5. Detergent
Section 2.10 of appendix C1 specifies using Cascade with the Grease
Fighting Power of Dawn powder as the detergent formulation. This
section also provides the method to calculate the detergent quantities
to be added to the pre-wash (if available) and main-wash compartments,
which is based on the pre-wash (if available) and main wash water
volumes, respectively. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
information on whether the current powder detergent specified in
appendix C1 results in a test procedure reasonably designed to measure
energy and water use during a representative use cycle or period of use
and requested comment on the use of a reference detergent. 84 FR 43071,
43076. DOE also requested comment on the method for calculating
detergent dosing, including: Whether to continue calculating the
detergent dosing based on the measured water fill volumes in the second
preconditioning cycle, or whether to specify a fixed amount of
detergent; methods to differentiate between the different portions of a
wash cycle and ways to appropriately calculate the corresponding
detergent dosing; and reliance on manufacturer dosage recommendations.
Id.
AHAM suggested that detergent dosing be evaluated, but advised DOE
to maintain the existing powder detergent formulation, stating that
this formulation was still representative of powder formulations on the
market. AHAM also supported maintaining the current detergent dosage
provisions. AHAM further stated that detergent impacts performance
testing more than it impacts energy testing; thus, it did not need to
be changed for energy testing. AHAM also commented that it would
discuss updates to detergent usage as part of its AHAM DW-1 process,
but that more work is needed to understand the appropriate detergent
and amounts to use, and how often formulations change. (AHAM, No. 5 at
p. 7) GEA supported AHAM's comment and stated that there is
insufficient data on the impact of detergents to the current test
procedure or to other test procedures that may be run at the same time
\19\ to make any change to detergents at this time. (GEA, No. 10 at pp.
1, 2) Whirlpool also agreed with AHAM and commented that the current
powder detergent referenced in appendix C1 is representative of powder
detergents on the market. Whirlpool further commented that, although
single dose detergents are the most commonly used detergent type, given
the recent rising popularity of single dose detergents, their
formulations are not stable because detergent manufacturers make
frequent changes and improvements. Whirlpool also suggested that
further evaluation was needed to assess the impact of single dose
detergents on energy use. (Whirlpool, No. 4 at p. 3) Since publication
of the August 2019 RFI and the subsequent end of the comment period,
AHAM informed DOE, during the task group's meetings to establish AHAM
DW-1-2020, that the powder detergent currently specified in appendix
C1--Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn--is no longer
commercially available. Instead, a new powder detergent, Cascade
Complete Powder, which has a slightly different formulation \20\ from
Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn, is now available on the
market. AHAM has updated AHAM DW-2-2020 to reference this new detergent
for testing purposes. AHAM DW-1-2020 references AHAM DW-2-2020, both
for detergent formulation as well as dosage.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ GEA did not specify which other test procedures it was
referring to that may be run at the same time as the DOE test
procedure.
\20\ Stakeholders mentioned during the AHAM task group calls
that they were informed by the detergent manufacturer that the only
difference between Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn
and Cascade Complete Powder is related to the enzymes used in the
detergent. DOE was not able to verify this information independently
because the ingredient list for Cascade with the Grease Fighting
Power of Dawn is not available on product packaging (or online).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition to a change in the detergent to be used for testing,
both AHAM DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020 also specify new dosage
requirements in comparison to the current requirements of appendix
C1.\21\ Section 4.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 specifies the detergent dosage as
1.8 grams per place setting in the main compartment of the detergent
dispenser and 1.8 grams per place setting in the prewash compartment of
the detergent dispenser or other location. Section 2.10.1 of AHAM DW-1-
2020 further specifies to use half the quantity of detergent that is
specified in Section 4.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 for both prewash and main-
wash detergent for the energy and water consumption tests. Prewash
detergent is specified only for those units if it is recommended by the
manufacturer's instructions for conditions that are consistent with the
test procedure. This includes, but is not limited to, manufacturer
instructions that recommend the use of prewash detergent for the normal
cycle, normally soiled loads, or for water hardness between 0 and 85
ppm. Additionally, if manufacturer instructions lead to the use of the
prewash detergent requirements, the prewash detergent is placed as
instructed by the manufacturer or, if no instructions are provided, the
prewash detergent is placed on the inner door near the detergent cup.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ As discussed, the detergent dosage for appendix C1 is based
on measurements of the prewash fill water volume, if any, and the
main wash fill water volume measured during the second
preconditioning cycle.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE performed preliminary investigative testing on four standard
dishwashers to compare the energy and water consumption results when
using (1) the current detergent (Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power
of Dawn) with the current dosage method; (2) the new detergent (Cascade
Complete Powder) with the current dosage method; and (3) the new
detergent with the new dosage method. Table III-2 presents the
detergent quantities for each of the three investigative tests for the
four units. Table III-3 presents the measured water consumption and
estimated annual energy use for these four units when tested according
to the three scenarios.
[[Page 72753]]
Table III-2--Detergent Dosage (in Grams) for Each Investigative Test
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix C1 New detergent with current New detergent with new
---------------------------- dosage dosage
-------------------------------------------------------
Test unit Prewash Main wash Prewash Main wash Prewash Main wash
detergent detergent detergent detergent detergent detergent
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................... 0 10.5 0 10.5 7.2 7.2
2........................... 0 12.5 0 13 0 7.2
3........................... 0 105 0 11 0 7.2
4........................... 11 11 11 11 7.2 7.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table III-3--Measured Water Consumption and Estimated Annual Energy Use for Each Investigative Test
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix C1 New detergent with current New detergent with new
---------------------------- dosage dosage
Test unit -------------------------------------------------------
Water (gal/ EAEU (kWh/ Water (gal/ EAEU (kWh/ Water (gal/ EAEU (kWh/
cycle) year) cycle) year) cycle) year)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................... 2.3 211 2.4 204 2.5 204
2........................... 3.1 257 3.3 256 3.3 261
3........................... 3.2 269 3.2 265 3.1 274
4........................... 3.4 273 5.9 357 3.9 301
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table III-3 indicates that for test units 1, 2, and 3, the water
consumption among the three tests varied within a range of 0.1-0.2 gal/
cycle. For unit 4, the ``Appendix C1'' test and the ``New Detergent
with New Dosage'' test yielded equivalent water consumption values;
however, the water consumption of the ``New Detergent with Current
Dosage'' test was 2.5 gal/cycle higher, an increase of 73 percent over
the other two tests. Similar percentage differences were observed for
EAEU among the three tests. Given the small sample size of only 4 test
units, DOE believes that additional testing would be required to
determine whether the observed variation in results is due to the
change in detergent and dosage, or whether it could be attributed to
unrelated differences in the sensor response of these soil-sensing
dishwashers, or other factors.
Given the uncertainty about whether the new detergent and dosing
requirements would impact the energy and water consumption of
dishwashers, DOE proposes that both the current detergent and dosage
requirement as well as the new detergent and new dosage requirement
would be allowable to use for testing according to appendix C1. By
maintaining the use of the current detergent and dosing requirements,
manufacturers would not be required to re-test currently certified
dishwashers. Because DOE is proposing the detergent type and dosage
specifications in AHAM DW-1-2020 in addition to the current
requirements, this proposal would not require the re-rating or re-
certification of dishwashers currently on the market. Additionally,
permitting the optional use of the detergent and dosing specifications
in AHAM DW-1-2020 would avoid the need for manufacturers to request
test procedure waivers should the currently required detergent become
unavailable and would harmonize with current industry practice.
For the new appendix C2, which would be required at the time
compliance is required with updated energy and water conservation
standards, DOE proposes to specify only the new detergent and dosage
requirements from AHAM DW-1-2020.
The current dosage requirements specify detergent dosage based on
water volume, which requires distinguishing the water used in the pre-
wash from the water used in the main wash. DOE has observed, and
stakeholders have also expressed, that uncertainty in differentiating
the pre-wash and main wash cycles to estimate detergent dosage could be
a potential source of test variation. As stated, the new detergent
dosage is based on the number of place settings rather than measurement
of pre-wash and main wash water volumes, potentially providing more
consistent dosing. More consistent dosing would improve the
repeatability and reproducibility of the results. Additionally, the new
dosage would reduce test burden since it would eliminate the need to
identify, isolate, and calculate the pre-wash and main wash water
volumes.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt in appendix C1 the
new detergent and new dosage requirements as specified in AHAM DW-1-
2020, while also retaining the current detergent and dosage
requirements in appendix C1. The use of either set of detergent
requirements would be allowable for testing under appendix C1. DOE also
requests comment on the detergent currently being used by manufacturers
and test laboratories for testing and certification of dishwashers.
If stakeholder comments indicate that the currently specified
detergent, Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn, is no longer
being used by manufacturers, DOE may instead consider including only
the new detergent, Cascade Complete Powder, and dosage requirements
from AHAM DW-1-2020 in appendix C1, rather than allowing both the
current and new detergent and dosage requirements.
DOE also welcomes comments and data on the impact of the new
detergent and dosage on energy and water use.
6. Rinse Aid
Section 2.1 of appendix C1 currently requires that testing be
conducted without the use of rinse aid, and that any rinse aid
reservoirs remain empty for testing.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE noted that a standard from IEC, IEC
60436: ``Electric Dishwashers for Household Use--Methods for Measuring
the Performance'' (``IEC 60436'') specifies the use of rinse aid during
testing. 84 FR 43071, 43077. IEC 60436 requires the use of a standard
rinse aid formulation rather than a commercially marketed brand. DOE
sought information from stakeholders on consumer use of rinse
[[Page 72754]]
aid, and on whether the use of rinse aid had any effect on measured
energy and water consumption. Id.
AHAM commented that rinse aid does not impact energy and water use.
AHAM further commented that IEC 60436 specifies use of rinse aid
because there is a performance element to that test. As such, AHAM did
not support a proposal to add a rinse aid requirement or a need to
collect consumer data on rinse aid usage. (AHAM, No. 5 at p. 7)
Based on these comments, and the lack of data regarding the effect
of rinse aid on measured energy and water usage and consumer usage of
it, DOE maintains its conclusions from past rulemakings that the test
procedure should preclude the use of rinse aid, and that the rinse aid
container should remain empty during testing. 68 FR 51887, 51891.
Adding a rinse aid requirement would increase test burden without
information indicating that it would improve the representativeness of
the test results, and it could potentially cause variation in test
results. For these reasons, DOE is not proposing a rinse aid
requirement in appendix C1 or the new appendix C2, which is consistent
with the specifications in AHAM DW-1-2020 that DOE proposes to
reference in this NOPR.
7. Water Softener Regeneration Cycles
In the October 2012 final rule, DOE adopted a method for measuring
the energy consumed during regeneration cycles for water softeners
built into certain residential dishwashers. 77 FR 65942, 65960. The
adopted approach relies on manufacturer-reported values for the energy
and water use for each regeneration cycle and the number of annual
regeneration cycles. Id. The current calculations for water softener
regeneration cycles are provided in Sections 5.1.3, 5.4.3, 5.5.1.2,
5.5.2.2, 5.6.1.2, and 5.6.2.2 of appendix C1. In the August 2019 RFI,
DOE requested comment on whether any dishwasher had a water softener
regeneration cycle at every or nearly every cycle, and if any
additional instructions should be specified in appendix C1 to avoid
repeatedly accounting for the water and energy use during water
softener regeneration. 84 FR 43071, 43077.
DOE did not receive any comment regarding the energy and water use
during water softener regeneration cycles, and thus does not propose
any changes in this NOPR with regards to water softener regeneration
cycles, aside from maintaining the associated definitions and
calculations specified in AHAM DW-1-2020.
8. Water Re-Use System
On November 1, 2013, DOE published a Decision and Order (``November
2013 Decision and Order'') granting Whirlpool a test procedure waiver
(``Whirlpool waiver'') for testing specified basic models equipped with
a ``water use system,'' in which water from the final rinse cycle is
stored for use in the subsequent cycle, with periodic draining (``drain
out'') and cleaning (``clean out'') events. 78 FR 65629 (Case No. DW-
11).\22\ Whirlpool is required to test the basic model specified in the
November 2013 Decision and Order using appendix C1, with the following
modifications:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ All materials regarding the Whirlpool waiver are available
in docket EERE-2013-BT-WAV-0042 at www.regulations.gov.
(1) ``Water use system'' water and energy consumption shall be
accounted for during dishwasher water and energy measurement and
reporting, subject to the following:
(2) For ``drain out'' events, constant values of 0.072 gallons
per cycle and 2.6 kWh/year shall be added to values measured by
appendix C1.
(3) For ``clean out'' events, constant values of 0.071 gallons
per cycle and 10.3 kWh/year shall also be added to values measured
by appendix C1.
(4) To calculate the detergent quantity for testing, a constant
value of 0.91 gallons for the water fill amount shall be used,
representing both saved water fill and house supply water fill.
(5) If a ``drain out'' or ``clean out'' event occurs during
testing, any results from that use of the test procedure shall be
disregarded. Disconnect and reconnect power to the dishwasher, then
restart the test procedure.
(6) To detect a ``drain out'' event, measure the water volume
supplied during the first fill. A cycle shall be considered to have
a ``drain out'' event if the first fill uses approximately 1 gallon
from the water supply. Without a ``drain out'' event, the first fill
would use approximately 0.11 gallons from the water supply.
(7) To detect a ``clean out'' event, monitor the temperature of
the sump water using an additional temperature measuring device. The
device shall be placed inside the sump in an area such that the
device will always be submerged in water and will not interfere with
the operation of the dishwasher. A cycle shall be considered to have
a ``clean out'' event if the temperature of the sump water during
wash and rinse portions of the cycle reaches 150 [deg]F. Without a
``clean out'' event, the highest sump water temperatures would reach
approximately 140 [deg]F.
78 FR 65629, 65631.
In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested feedback on whether the test
procedure waiver provisions were generally appropriate for testing
basic models with the same attributes as those subject to the November
2013 Decision and Order. 84 FR 43071, 43078.
In response, both GEA and AHAM supported incorporating the
provisions of the Whirlpool waiver into appendix C1. (AHAM, No. 5 at p.
9; GE, No. 10 at p. 2) Subsequently, AHAM published the AHAM DW-1-2020
standard, which includes provisions for testing water re-use system
dishwashers. Specifically, Sections 1.3, 1.9, and 1.29 of AHAM DW-1-
2020 include definitions for a clean out event, drain out event, and
water re-use system dishwasher, respectively. These definitions are
consistent with those specified in the November 2013 Decision and Order
granted in November 2013. AHAM DW-1-2020 also specifies the detergent
dosing requirements, methods to measure the energy and water
consumption of water re-use system dishwashers, including detection of
drain out and clean out events, and calculations for energy and water
consumption. Sections 2.10.2, 4.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.15, 5.4.4, 5.4.5,
5.5.1.3, 5.5.1.4, 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2.4, 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and
5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020. All of these requirements are consistent
with the alternate test procedure specified in the November 2013
Decision and Order granting the waiver to Whirlpool for water re-use
systems, except for the specified water energy consumption equations in
Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4, which use an incorrect
constant.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ The equations in the noted sections improperly use the
constant K = specified heat of water in kWh per gal per [ordm]F,
instead of C/e, where C = specific heat of water in Btu's per gal
per [deg]F, and e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery
efficiency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As soon as practicable after the granting of any waiver, DOE is
required to publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed
rulemaking to amend its regulations so as to eliminate any need for the
continuation of such waiver. 10 CFR 430.27(l). As soon thereafter as
practicable, DOE will publish in the Federal Register a final rule. Id.
Since AHAM DW-1-2020 includes the language from the Whirlpool waiver,
DOE proposes to reference these requirements in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2, with added modifications to the equations in Sections
5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference in appendix C1
and the new appendix C2 the testing provisions from AHAM DW-1-2020 to
address the Whirlpool waiver for water re-use system dishwashers.
G. Cleaning Performance
EPCA requires DOE to establish test procedures that are reasonably
designed
[[Page 72755]]
to produce test results that measure energy efficiency, energy use,
water use (for certain products), or estimated annual operating cost of
a covered product during a representative average use cycle or period
of use, as determined by the Secretary, and shall not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) DOE's test procedure for
dishwashers identifies the ``normal cycle'' as the cycle representative
of consumer use, defines the term ``normal cycle,'' requires testing
using the ``normal cycle,'' and compliance with the applicable
standards is determined based on the measured energy and water use of
the ``normal cycle.'' 10 CFR 430.23(c) and 10 CFR 430 subpart B
appendix C1. The ``normal cycle'' is defined as the cycle type,
including washing and drying temperature options, recommended in the
manufacturer's instructions for daily, regular, or typical use to
completely wash a full load of normally soiled dishes including the
power-dry feature. If no cycle or more than one cycle is recommended in
the manufacturer's instructions for daily, regular, or typical use to
completely wash a full load of normally soiled dishes, the most energy-
intensive of these cycles shall be considered the normal cycle. In the
absence of a manufacturer recommendation on washing and drying
temperature options, the highest energy consumption options must be
selected. Section 1.12 of appendix C1. As such, the existing test
procedure does not define what constitutes ``completely wash[ing]'' a
full load of normally soiled dishes (i.e., the cleaning performance).
For dishwashers, the cleaning performance at the completion of a
cycle influences how a consumer uses the product. If the cleanliness of
the dishware after completion of a cleaning cycle does not meet
consumer expectations, consumers may alter their use of the dishwasher.
For example, consumers may alter the use of the product by selecting a
cycle that consumes more energy and water to provide a higher level of
cleaning, operating the selected cycle multiple times, or pre-washing
the dishware before loading into the dishwasher to achieve an
acceptable level of cleaning. DOE received comment from Samsung
expressing concern in response to the August 2019 RFI, in which Samsung
stated that consumers unsatisfied with the cleaning performance of the
normal cycle may opt to select a different mode that could result in
increased energy consumption. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3) Thus, it is
possible that dishwashers exist on the market that are currently tested
by manufacturers using a ``normal cycle'' that does not ``completely
wash'' dishes.
In general, a consumer-acceptable level of cleaning performance
(i.e., a representative average use cycle) can be easier to achieve
through the use of higher amounts of energy and water use during the
dishwasher cycle.\24\ Conversely, maintaining acceptable cleaning
performance can be more difficult as energy and water levels are
reduced.\25\ Improving one aspect of dishwasher performance, such as
reducing energy and/or water use as a result of energy conservation
standards, may require a trade-off with one or more other aspects of
performance, such as cleaning performance. DOE expects, however, that
consumers maintain the same expectations of cleaning performance
regardless of the efficiency of the dishwasher. As the dishwasher
market continuously evolves to higher levels of efficiency--either as a
result of mandatory minimum standards or in response to voluntary
programs such as ENERGY STAR--it becomes increasingly more important
that DOE ensures that its test procedure continues to reflect
representative use. As such, the normal cycle that is used to test the
dishwasher for energy and water performance must be one that provides a
consumer-acceptable level of cleaning performance, even as efficiency
increases.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ Higher energy use may provide increased thermal and
mechanical action for removing soils. Similarly, higher water use
may provide better rinsing performance by reducing the amount of
soil re-deposition on the dishware.
\25\ In the December 2014 NOPR that proposed amended energy and
water use standards for dishwashers, DOE noted that cleaning
performance could be maintained up to Efficiency Level 3, which was
defined as 234 kWh/yr and 3.1 gal/cycle. 79 FR 76141, 76165. In the
December 2016 Final Determination, DOE additionally noted that
manufacturers generally indicated that by using all available design
options to improve efficiency, they would likely be able to maintain
performance with a maximum energy consumption between 250 and 260
kWh/year and water consumption at 3.1 gal/cycle. 81 FR 90072, 90082.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order for DOE's test procedure to more accurately and fully test
dishwashers during a representative average use cycle, DOE believes
that amending the test procedure to define what constitutes completely
washing a full load of normally soiled dishes (i.e., the cleaning
performance) will better represent consumer use of the product. As
such, DOE proposes additional direction for selecting the appropriate
test cycle, i.e., for determining whether the cycle ``can completely
wash a full load of normally soiled dishes.'' DOE is proposing to
include a cleaning index methodology and minimum threshold to validate
the selection of the test cycle in appendix C1 and the newly proposed
appendix C2.\26\ This proposal is discussed in detail in the following
sections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ This approach is analogous to the one used for clothes
dryers, in which the DOE test procedure at appendix D2 defines a
threshold dryness level for automatic cycle termination clothes
dryers as a condition for the test cycle to be valid. Specifically,
Section 3.3.2 of appendix D2 specifies that if the final moisture
content after completion of the drying cycle is greater than 2
percent, the test shall be invalid and a new run shall be conducted
using the highest dryness level setting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This proposal is in line with comments DOE received in response to
the August 2019 RFI regarding the adoption of cleaning performance into
the test procedure. Samsung commented that the tested cycle (i.e., the
normal cycle) should perform at or above a minimum level of acceptable
functionality because some consumers may select test cycles other than
the default mode that perform better without recognizing the resulting
increase in the energy consumption of the dishwasher. (Samsung, No. 9
at p. 3) The CAIOUs commented that, while the test procedure is
representative of current energy and water consumption, they believe
there is merit in investigating a dishwasher cleaning performance test
method to ensure future consumer benefit. (CAIOUs, No. 7 at p. 2)
1. Cleaning Performance Test Method
DOE is proposing to adopt a cleaning performance test method that
will help determine if a dishwasher when tested according to the DOE
test procedure ``completely washes a normally soiled load of dishes,''
according to the representative consumer use. Specifically, DOE
proposes to include the cleaning performance evaluation setup,
procedures, and calculations that are specified in the ENERGY STAR
Cleaning Performance Test Method, which references ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010,
in appendix C1 and newly proposed appendix C2.
In response to the August 2019 RFI, Samsung recommended that DOE
incorporate by reference the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test
Method in the dishwasher test procedure and adopt the minimum cleaning
index, as established for the ENERGY STAR Most-Efficient Program.
(Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
The ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method specifies a
procedure to determine cleaning performance at the same test loads
described in the DOE test method. For soil-sensing dishwashers,
cleaning
[[Page 72756]]
performance is evaluated on the same cycles that are used to determine
energy and water consumption (i.e., the heavy, medium, and light soil
loads). (ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method Section 5.1.B)
For non-soil-sensing dishwashers, cleaning performance is evaluated on
three additional cycles at the heavy, medium, and light soil loads that
are run immediately after the clean-load cycle that is used to
determine energy and water consumption. (ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method Section 5.1.C) Each test load item is
quantitatively evaluated for cleanliness under prescribed lighting
conditions referenced from ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010. (ENERGY STAR Cleaning
Performance Test Method Section 4.B) Additionally, Section 5.2 of the
ENERGY STAR Test Method specifies the criteria to grade the load; it
references Section 5.10 of ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010, which specifies the
following requirements: Each test load item receives a score based on
the number and size of soil particles that remain on the item following
the termination of a test cycle. Glassware items are additionally
evaluated for the number and size of remaining spots, streaks, and rack
contact marks. A score of 0 indicates a completely clean test load
item, and a single test load item cannot exceed a cumulative score of
9. The number of test items that receive each score is counted (i.e.,
number of items in the test load that receive a score of 0, 1, 2, . .
., 9) and the weighted average of these counts is subtracted from 100
to produce a final cleaning index for the test cycle. A score of 100
indicates perfect cleaning performance.
Accordingly, DOE proposes to include the requirements specified in
Sections 4(B), 5.2, and 5.3, of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance
Test Method, as follows:
Section 4(B) of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method
establishes the lighting requirements for the evaluation room for
scoring the test load, as specified in ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010. These same
lighting requirements are also specified in Section 5.10 of AHAM DW-2-
2020; therefore, DOE proposes to reference Section 5.10 of AHAM DW-2-
2020 to specify the lighting requirements for the evaluation room.
Section 5.2 of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method
establishes the scoring procedure to evaluate each dishware item in the
test load after completion of the test cycle, as specified in ANSI/AHAM
DW-1-2010. The scoring method is also specified in Section 5.10.1 of
AHAM DW-2-2020; therefore, DOE proposes to reference the scoring
requirements specified in AHAM DW-2-2020.
Section 5.3 of the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method
specifies the equation for calculating a cleaning index for each test
cycle, which is also specified in Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020;
therefore, DOE proposes to reference the calculation of cleaning index
for each test cycle from AHAM DW-2-2020.
DOE notes that the calculation to determine per-cycle cleaning
index is based on the individual score of each item such that dishware
and flatware are scored based on soil particles, while glassware are
scored based on soil particles as well as spots, streaks, and rack
contact marks. DOE further notes that AHAM DW-2-2020 provides two
separate equations for calculating the total cleaning index for one
test run. The equation in Section 5.12.3.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 specifies
a soil-only cleaning index, which is calculated using the scores of
each test load item (including glassware) based only on soil particles.
Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020 uses the same equation as that in
the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method (and ANSI/AHAM DW-1-
2010), and defines the total cleaning index calculation using the
scores of dishware and flatware cleaning performance based on soil
particles and glassware based on soil particles as well as spots,
streaks, and rack contact marks. DOE is proposing to reference Section
5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020 to calculate the total cleaning index of a
cycle because DOE expects that consumers would evaluate the cleanliness
of their load items at the completion of a cycle . DOE requests
feedback on whether it should consider referencing Section 5.12.3.1 of
AHAM DW-2-2020 instead, which would calculate the cleaning index based
on soil particles only. If DOE were to calculate the cleaning index
using soil particles only, it would reevaluate the per-cycle cleaning
index threshold value (discussed further in Section III.G.2 of this
document) to reflect this change. DOE requests stakeholder feedback on
an appropriate threshold to consider.
DOE requests feedback on the proposed methodology to test, score,
and calculate a cleaning index to validate the tested cycle and seeks
comment if other methodologies should be considered for validating the
cleaning performance of the tested cycle.
DOE requests feedback on whether it should consider referencing
Section 5.12.3.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 to measure cleaning performance,
which would calculate the cleaning index based on soil particles only.
DOE notes that if it were to calculate cleaning index using soil
particles only, it would reevaluate the per-cycle cleaning index
threshold value to reflect this change.
2. Cleaning Index Threshold
In response to the August 2019 RFI, Samsung commented that DOE
should use the ENERGY STAR Most-Efficient cleaning index threshold when
establishing the standard for dishwashers in the future standards
rulemaking. (Samsung, No. 9 at p. 3)
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to provide direction in the test
procedure as to what constitutes whether a cycle under test can
completely wash a full load of normally soiled dishes, by establishing
a minimum cleaning index threshold as a condition for each individual
test cycle to be valid. The threshold is intended to represent a level
of cleaning such that if the dishwasher did not meet this threshold
after operating in the ``normal cycle,'' the consumer would be expected
to operate the dishwasher using a more energy-intensive cycle than the
``normal cycle.'' Specifically, DOE proposes that if the normal cycle
at a particular soil level (i.e., heavy, medium, or light) does not
achieve the defined cleaning index threshold, that soil level (i.e.,
heavy, medium, or light) would need to be re-tested using the most
energy-intensive cycle (to be determined using the proposed methodology
discussed in Section III.G.4 of this document) that achieves the
defined cleaning index threshold. The data from the most energy-
intensive cycle would be used to represent that soil level in the
downstream calculations.
To determine an appropriate threshold value, DOE aggregated
confidential consumer cycle selection data provided by industry for
this NOPR, and considered past consumer comments and test data
collected in support of the October 2020 Final Rule.\27\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ See Dishwasher NODA Test Data (5-21-20), available at:
www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005-3213.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE understands general consumer satisfaction as a fundamental
characteristic of a functioning market, and that consumers are largely
satisfied with the performance of dishwashers currently on the market.
However, based on Samsung's comments discussed in Section III.G of this
document as well as qualitative comments that DOE received during the
rulemaking that culminated in the October 2020 Final Rule, DOE
[[Page 72757]]
recognizes that the cleaning performance of the normal cycle may not
always meet consumer expectations of cleaning performance. (See for
example: Toronto, EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005, No. 2304 at p. 1; Carley,
EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005, No. 2950 at p. 1; Bruggeman, EERE-2018-BT-STD-
0005, No. 3038 at p. 1; etc.) Further, confidential data submitted by
manufacturers indicate, in the aggregate, that roughly 25-45 percent of
all dishwasher cycles are conducted on a cycle other than the normal
cycle. DOE recognizes that among these other selected cycles, some
would be expected to be less energy intensive than the normal cycle
(e.g., a glassware cycle), while others would be expected to be more
energy intensive than the normal cycle (e.g., a pots and pans cycle).
The data provided by manufacturers do not indicate which types of
cycles comprise the percentage of cycles not conducted on the normal
cycle. In lieu of additional details regarding the dataset, DOE has
proceeded under the assumption that either option (selecting a more
energy-intensive or less energy-intensive alternate cycle) is equally
as likely. Accordingly, DOE estimates that one-half (i.e., 12 to 23
percent) of cycles not conducted on the normal cycle are instead
conducted on a cycle that is more energy intensive than the normal
cycle.
Since DOE expects that consumers unsatisfied with the cleaning
performance of the normal cycle would select alternate cycles that are
more energy-intensive to achieve better cleaning results, the cycle
selection data serves as a reasonable proxy for consumer acceptance of
the cleaning performance of the normal cycle. To identify an
appropriate cleaning index threshold, DOE sought to select a cleaning
index value that aligned with the cycle selection data. That is, DOE
sought to identify the cleaning index value that was achieved between
77 to 88 percent of the time when a dishwasher was operated on the
normal cycle, indicating that the remaining 12 to 23 percent of the
time the cleaning performance on the normal cycle would be worse and
thus would result in consumers selecting more energy-intensive cycles.
DOE evaluated the cleaning indices measured for the heavy, medium, and
light soil load cycles as defined in the DOE dishwasher test procedure,
using the market-representative dishwasher test sample from the October
2020 Final Rule.\28\ Using these data, DOE plotted the rate at which
test cycles would achieve each potential cleaning index threshold level
(in increments of 5 on the Cleaning Index scale). Figure III.1 shows
the percentage of each of the soil test cycles that meet the threshold
at each potential threshold level among all the units in the test
sample. The proposed threshold level of 65 is indicated by the dashed
line and is described further as follows.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ The test sample consisted of 31 units spanning 13 brands.
The units selected for testing represented over 95 percent of
dishwasher manufacturers and were broadly representative of the
current dishwasher market. 85 FR 68723, 68724.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP22DE21.003
In determining a threshold, DOE seeks to establish a level that
ensures the tested cycle produces test results, which measure energy
use and water use of the dishwasher during a representative average use
cycle. Establishing a threshold level that is ``too high'' would
indicate that a substantial number of dishwasher cycles performed by
consumers do not meet consumer expectations for cleaning performance on
the normal cycle, which would not
[[Page 72758]]
appropriately reflect general consumer usage of the normal cycle.
Whereas, establishing a threshold that is ``too low'' would not
appropriately reflect the percentage of cycles for which consumers are
likely to select a more energy-intensive cycle to achieve better
cleaning performance than can be achieved on the normal cycle.
DOE used the data presented in Figure III.1 and the consumer usage
weighting factors specified in appendix C1 (and proposed to be retained
in appendix C1 and the newly proposed appendix C2) for the heavy
(0.05), medium (0.33), and light (0.62) soil loads to calculate the
percentage of cycles that would need to be tested at a more energy-
intensive cycle than the normal cycle (i.e., the percentage of cycles
that would not meet the threshold at each point).\29\ The percentage of
cycles that would need to be tested at a more energy-intensive cycle
than the normal cycle is shown in Figure III.2, along with the range
for the percentage of cycles that would operate on a more energy-
intensive cycle than the normal cycle as estimated from industry data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ Percent of cycles likely to be operated on a more energy-
intensive cycle than the normal cycle calculated as (100 percent -
percentage of cycles meeting the threshold level at each point).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP22DE21.004
Based on the results in Figure III.1 and Figure III.2, DOE proposes
establishing a minimum cleaning index of 65 as the threshold level for
a test cycle to be valid. At a cleaning index of 65, the percentage of
test cycles at each soil level that would achieve the minimum cleaning
index threshold is 97 percent for lightly soiled loads, 65 percent for
medium soiled loads, and 58 percent for heavily soiled loads. On a
weighted-average basis, the measured normal test cycles would reach the
threshold cleaning index of 65 approximately 84 percent of the time
(i.e., 16 percent of cycles would not meet the threshold, as shown in
Figure III.2).\30\ The 16-percent rate--representing the overall
percentage of cycles that would need to be tested using the most
energy-intensive cycle--would align with DOE's estimate of roughly 12
to 23 percent of cycles being operated using a more energy-intensive
cycle than the normal cycle.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\30\ DOE estimates the overall rate as a weighted average of the
rate at each soil load times the frequency of consumer usage of each
soil load; i.e., (97 percent lightly soiled x 0.62) + (65 percent x
0.33) + (58 percent x 0.05) = 84 percent overall rate that meets a
threshold of 65. Therefore, 16 percent of cycles would not meet the
threshold of 65.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also considered other cleaning index threshold values, such as
70, which would align with the ENERGY STAR Most-Efficient criteria, and
values below 65. However, for a cleaning index threshold of 70, 22
percent of the cycles would need to be tested at the most energy-
intensive cycle, which is close to the upper bound of DOE's estimated
threshold (i.e., 23 percent) for the percentage of cycles that would
likely be tested at a more energy-intensive cycle compared to the
normal cycle. At a cleaning index threshold of 60, only 10 percent of
cycles would need to be tested at the most energy-intensive cycle,
which is outside the representative range estimated by DOE from
industry-supplied data. While the percentage of cycles estimated to
operate at the most energy-intensive cycle to meet a cleaning index
threshold of 70 is within the range of cycles that DOE estimates are
conducted on a more energy-intensive cycle than the normal cycle, DOE
is proposing a cleaning index threshold of 65 because it is closer to
the mid-point of the range of 12 to 23 percent of cycles that are
likely
[[Page 72759]]
to be tested on a more energy-intensive cycle compared to the normal
cycle. However, if stakeholder feedback indicates that a cleaning index
threshold of 70 is appropriate, DOE will consider establishing 70 as
the cleaning index threshold value for a test cycle to be considered
valid.
DOE proposes to specify the same cleaning index threshold value for
all tested soil loads because it does not have information to suggest
that consumer expectations for the cleaning performance of the load at
the end of the cycle differ based on the initial soil load of the
dishware.
DOE requests feedback on the proposed cleaning index threshold
value of 65 for each test cycle or whether it should consider a
threshold value of 70 instead.
DOE requests additional data on consumer dishwasher cycle
selections. In particular, DOE requests data indicating the frequency
with which consumers select the normal cycle; and, for cycles not
conducted on the normal cycle, the frequency with which a more energy-
intensive cycle is selected.
DOE also requests additional data on how frequently consumers are
dissatisfied with the cleaning performance of the normal cycle as well
as the actions, and the frequency of each action, that consumers would
take if the load is not satisfactorily clean.
3. Validation of the Test Cycle
Similar to the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance Test Method, DOE
proposes that the cleaning index of the test cycles be determined for
the same test cycles required for the energy and water tests for both
soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers. The following paragraphs
discuss specific details regarding implementation of this proposal for
soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers, respectively.
For soil-sensing dishwashers, Section 2.6.3 of appendix C1
specifies that the normal cycle shall be tested first for the sensor
heavy response, then for the sensor medium response, and finally for
the sensor light response, using a defined combination of soiled and
clean test load items for each test cycle. DOE proposes maintaining
this test sequence, which is also specified in Section 2.6.3 of AHAM
DW-1-2020. As discussed, DOE proposes that each of the sensor heavy,
medium, and light response test cycles would be required to achieve a
cleaning index of 65 or greater to constitute a valid cycle. If a test
cycle at a particular soil level does not achieve the defined cleaning
index threshold, that soil level would need to be re-tested using the
most energy-intensive cycle (to be determined using the proposed
methodology discussed in Section III.G.4 of this document) that
achieves a cleaning index threshold of 65 or greater. For the soil
level under consideration, the test results from the most energy-
intensive valid cycle that achieves a cleaning index threshold of 65 or
greater would be used in the calculation of EAOC, EAEU, and per-cycle
water consumption.
In the event that a test cycle at a particular soil level does not
achieve the defined cleaning index threshold, DOE proposes that the
filter should be cleaned prior to testing the soil level at the most
energy-intensive cycle that achieves a cleaning index of 65 or greater.
Cleaning the filter before transitioning from the normal cycle to the
specified most energy-intensive cycle at a given soil load would ensure
that residual particles from the normal cycle test run do not impact
the cleaning performance evaluation for that most energy-intensive
cycle. It would also promote repeatability and reproducibility of the
test results when testing according to the proposed amendments (in
which the sequence of test cycles may requiring switching from the
normal cycle to a different program cycle).
Non-soil-sensing dishwashers are currently tested with a clean
(i.e., unsoiled) test load. Under the proposal that a test cycle would
be considered valid if its cleaning index threshold is 65 or greater,
DOE proposes that non-soil-sensing dishwashers must be tested instead
with a soiled load. Specifically, for non-soil-sensing dishwashers, DOE
proposes incorporating the same procedure for evaluating the validity
of the normal cycle and, if necessary, testing the most energy-
intensive cycle that achieves a cleaning index threshold of 65 or
greater, as proposed for soil-sensing dishwashers. The same equations
specified for soil-sensing dishwashers in Section 5 of appendix C1 and
newly proposed appendix C2, Calculations of Derived Results from Test
Measurements, would apply to non-soil-sensing dishwashers. The proposed
test procedure would specify testing the heavy, medium, and light soil
levels, in that sequence.
Since non-soil-sensing dishwashers consume a fixed amount of water
and energy independent of the amount of soil present in the test load,
it is assumed that if the normal cycle obtains a cleaning index of 65
or greater at a given soil load (e.g., for the sensor heavy response
test), that the normal cycle would also achieve the cleaning index
threshold for any lesser soil loads (e.g., the sensor medium and sensor
light response tests). Therefore, if a tested soil load for a non-soil-
sensing dishwasher meets the defined threshold criteria when tested on
the normal cycle, no additional testing would be required of cycles
with lesser soil loads. If a non-soil-sensing dishwasher is not tested
at a certain soil load because the preceding heavier soil load(s) meets
the cleaning index threshold on the normal cycle, the energy and water
consumption values of the preceding soil load would be used to
calculate the weighted-average energy and water consumption values. For
example, if the sensor medium response and sensor light response tests
on the normal cycle are not conducted, the values of the sensor heavy
response test on the normal cycle would be used for all three soil
loads; whereas, if only the sensor light response test is not
conducted, the values of the sensor medium response test on the normal
cycle would be used for the sensor medium and the sensor light response
tests.
DOE could also consider other potential methods to validate that
the measured energy and water consumption of dishwashers is
representative of consumer use. For example, the test procedure could
define an energy ``adder'' or multiplicative factor that would be
applied to the energy and water consumption values for any test cycle
that does not meet the defined cleaning index threshold (e.g., DOE
could specify a constant adder that could be included to the measured
energy consumption of a cycle that does not meet the cleaning index
threshold). Such adder or multiplicative factor would compensate for
the additional energy and water needed to achieve a consumer-accepted
level of cleaning. This example approach would eliminate the need to
run additional test cycles, thereby mitigating test burden.
As discussed at the beginning of Section III.G of this document,
the representative average use of a dishwasher is represented in DOE's
test procedure by the normal cycle. The normal cycle definition
includes the phrase ``completely wash a full load of normally soiled
dishes.'' See 10 CFR part 430 subpart B appendix C1. The discussion in
Sections III.G.1-3 of this document illustrates that it is likely that
dishwashers exist that are testing using the ``normal cycle,'' but are
not ``completely washing'' dishes, leading consumers to pre-rinse and
use additional cycles, etc. Thus, the testing of those dishwashers is
not representative of energy use, energy efficiency, and water use
during a representative average use cycle. In
[[Page 72760]]
order to ensure that the testing of all dishwashers more accurately
measures energy and water use during representative consumer use (i.e.,
completely washing a normally soiled load of dishes), DOE is proposing
to adopt a cleaning performance threshold.
Further, under 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1), DOE is required to determine
whether an amended test procedure will alter the measured energy use of
any covered product. If an amended test procedure does alter measured
energy use, DOE is required to make a corresponding adjustment to the
applicable energy conservation standard to ensure that minimally-
compliant covered products remain compliant. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) The
measured energy use of certain dishwashers could change if a more-
energy intensive cycle is required to verify that a dishwasher model
completely washes a normally soiled load of dishes (i.e., dishwashers
for which the cycle recommended in the manufacturer's instructions for
daily, regular, or typical use to completely wash a full load of
normally soiled dishes does not completely wash a full load of normally
soiled dishes). However, DOE does not expect that this proposal would
impact the measured energy of dishwasher models for which the normal
cycle completely washes a full load of normally soiled dishes as
required by the current DOE test procedure. Further, DOE does not
expect that this proposal would impact minimally compliant models. As
discussed in the December 2016 Final Determination, DOE relied on
cleaning performance data from the ENERGY STAR Cleaning Performance
Test Method, which showed that cleaning performance began to drop off
at energy and water consumptions below Efficiency Level 3 (255kWh/year
and 3.1 gal/cycle). 81 FR 90072, 90082. Additionally, testing conducted
in support of the October 2020 Final Rule included two minimally-
compliant units, both of which exceeded the proposed cleaning index
threshold of 65 at each of the three soil loads on the normal cycle. As
such, DOE expects that manufacturers would likely be able to maintain
cleaning performance, up to a score of 70, with a maximum energy
consumption between 250 and 260 kWh/year and water consumption at 3.1
gal/cycle. DOE has tentatively determined that this proposal would not
require an adjustment to the energy conservation standard for
dishwashers to ensure that minimally-compliant dishwashers remain
compliant.
DOE requests feedback on its proposed approach to ensure that the
test procedure produces test results which measure energy use and water
use during a representative average use cycle.
DOE requests comment on its proposal that, if a test cycle at a
particular soil level is re-tested using the most energy-intensive
cycle, the filter should be cleaned prior to testing the soil level at
the most energy-intensive cycle.
DOE requests feedback on its proposal to require testing non-soil-
sensing dishwashers using a soiled load for the purpose of being able
to evaluate the cleaning index of each tested cycle.
DOE requests comment on its proposed approach for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers; particularly that if a tested soil load meets the defined
threshold criteria when tested on the normal cycle, no additional
testing is required of cycles with lesser soil loads.
DOE requests comment and data on the test cycles currently selected
by manufacturers for rating the energy and water use of dishwashers
compared to the test cycles that would be selected under the proposed
cleaning index threshold of 65 as a condition for a valid test cycle.
In particular, DOE requests data on the extent to which manufacturers
would need to test a more-energy intensive cycle, or redefine the
normal cycle, to meet the proposed cleaning index threshold of 65.
DOE requests information on other potential methods to validate
that the measured energy and water consumption of dishwashers is
representative of consumer use, such as the example approaches of
applying an ``adder'' or multiplicative factor to the energy and water
consumption values for any test cycles that do not achieve the defined
cleaning index threshold. If stakeholders recommend such an approach,
DOE requests data and information that could be used to determine this
factor.
DOE requests comment and related supporting data on whether this
proposal would result in an altered measured energy use for dishwashers
that are currently minimally-compliant with the existing energy
conservation standards for dishwashers.
DOE notes that compact dishwashers that are non-soil-sensing are
currently tested at the manufacturer-stated capacity, if the capacity
of the dishwasher is less than eight place settings. Section 2.6.2 of
appendix C1. Under the proposal to test non-soil-sensing dishwashers
with a soiled load, the instructions specify that compact dishwashers
must be tested using four place settings plus six serving pieces, and
that some of the place settings are soiled for the different soiled
loads. However, DOE is aware that the rated capacity of some compact,
non-soil-sensing dishwashers is less than four place settings (e.g.,
the basic models for which CNA and FOTILE submitted waiver petitions
and discussed in Sections III.D.5 and III.D.6, respectively, of this
document). For such dishwashers, as well as any soil-sensing compact
dishwashers that have a rated capacity of less than four place
settings, DOE proposes the following requirements for soiling the test
load:
Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is greater;
Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller;
Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller, using half the
quantity of soils specified for one place setting.
DOE requests comment on whether the soil loads proposed for compact
dishwashers that have a capacity of less than four place settings is
appropriate. If stakeholders recommend different quantity of soils for
such dishwashers, DOE requests feedback on the soil level that should
be used for such small capacity dishwashers.
4. Determining the Most Energy-Intensive Cycle
To determine the most energy-intensive cycle that achieves a
cleaning index of 65 or greater for a given soil load, if the normal
cycle does not achieve this threshold level, DOE proposes a new Section
4.1.1 in appendix C1 and newly proposed appendix C2 to provide
instructions for determining the most energy-intensive cycle type, to
be conducted only if required for this purpose. DOE proposes that the
most energy-intensive cycle would be determined by conducting a single
test cycle with a clean test load for each available cycle (e.g.,
Normal, Heavy Duty, Pots and Pans, etc.).
DOE also considered that the most energy-intensive cycle be
determined for each sensor response test cycle using the respective
soil load (i.e., the most energy-intensive sensor heavy response test
cycle would require testing each available cycle type with the heavy
soil load; the most energy-intensive sensor medium response and sensor
light response test cycles would be determined similarly). However, DOE
is
[[Page 72761]]
not proposing this approach due to the significant burden associated
with soiling the load and running the cycle for each available cycle
type at each potential soil level. If stakeholder comments indicate
that such an approach would be more representative to determine the
most energy-intensive cycle, DOE would consider it.
DOE also proposes that prior to running the clean load test to
determine the most energy-intensive cycle, the dishwasher filter should
be cleaned so that soil particles from any previous tests does not
affect the determination of the most energy-intensive cycle.
DOE requests feedback on its proposed methodology for determining
the most energy-intensive cycle. DOE also requests feedback on whether
it should consider determination of the most energy-intensive cycle for
sensor response test cycle using the respective soil load.
DOE requests feedback on its proposal to require cleaning of the
dishwasher filter prior to running the clean load test to determine the
most energy-intensive test cycle.
H. Standby Mode Test Method
1. Standby Power Measurement
Section 4.2 of appendix C1 provides instructions for measuring
standby mode and off mode power. These instructions do not currently
specify if the dishwasher door is to be open or closed when testing in
standby mode and off mode. In the August 2019 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether testing with the door closed is representative of
energy use in standby mode or off mode during a representative average
use cycle or period of use (i.e., the door is closed when the
dishwasher is not in active mode). 84 FR 43071, 43077. Additionally,
DOE requested feedback on whether energy is consumed when the door is
open, and if so, whether the energy consumption with the door open is
significantly different from the energy consumed with the door closed.
Id.
AHAM commented that it was further investigating the inquiry about
whether standby testing with the door closed is representative of
energy use in standby mode and whether energy consumed with the door
open is significantly different than when the door is closed. (AHAM,
No. 5 at p. 7) The Joint Commenters recommended that the test procedure
specify that the door remain closed during standby and off mode power
testing. (Joint Commenters, No. 8 at p. 2) Both CEC and the CAIOUs
stated that DOE should specify that standby testing be conducted with
the door closed. (CEC, No. 6 at p. 2; CAIOUs, No. 7 at p. 3) CEC
further stated that, ``intuitively, most consumers will keep the
dishwasher door closed to prevent disruption of foot traffic patterns
in their kitchen.'' (CEC, No. 6 at p. 2) CEC reiterated that DOE should
fully specify the conditions under which measurements are to be made to
improve repeatability. (CEC, No. 6 at p. 2)
DOE reviewed recent models from different manufacturers and
observed that some newer models have LED lights inside the dishwasher
tub as well as other indicators either on the door or on the electronic
control panel that illuminate when the dishwasher door is open.
Additional energy use by any such lights and/or indicators could affect
the standby power consumption and the resulting EAEU measurement; for
example, a 1-watt increase in the standby power consumption could
impact the EAEU by up to 5 percent, i.e., conducting standby mode
testing with the dishwasher door open as compared to testing with the
door closed could result impact test results for EAEU by up to 5
percent if the lights consumed an additional 1 watt of power.
Section 4.2 of the new AHAM DW-1-2020 standard also includes
specific instructions for the door orientation during standby mode
testing. It specifies that the standby mode test must be conducted
after completing the last active mode test as part of the energy test
sequence. Thereafter, the dishwasher door must be opened and
immediately closed without changing the control panel settings used for
the active mode wash cycle and without disconnecting the electrical
supply to the dishwasher. Once the door is closed, the standby mode and
off mode measurements should begin.
DOE proposes to reference this requirement from AHAM DW-1-2020
regarding opening and closing the door prior to starting the standby
mode and off mode tests. DOE has initially concluded that performing
standby mode and off mode testing with the door closed is likely to be
most representative of average consumer use while also providing a
representative measurement, in particular noting CEC's comment that
most consumers will keep the dishwasher door closed to prevent
disruption of foot traffic patterns in their kitchen.
Based on DOE's interactions with test laboratories, dishwashers are
already tested with the door closed in standby mode. Therefore, DOE
does not expect any increase in costs to manufacturers from this
proposed update were it made final.
DOE requests input on its proposal to apply the standby mode and
off mode test requirements from Section 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020 to
appendix C1 and proposed new appendix C2.
2. Annual Combined Low-Power Mode Energy Consumption Calculation
Section 5.7 of appendix C1 specifies the method to calculate the
annual combined low-power mode energy consumption. The combined low-
power mode energy consumption includes the power consumption in
inactive mode \31\ and off mode,\32\ depending on whether a unit can
enter both of these modes or only one of these modes. To calculate the
annual low-power mode energy consumption, Section 5.7 of appendix C1
currently assigns 8,465 hours annually to low-power modes for units
that do not have a fan-only mode. For units that have a fan-only mode,
the annual hours assigned to low-power modes are calculated for each
individual unit based on the tested duration in active mode and fan-
only mode. Section 5.7 of appendix C1. That is, the combined low-power
annual hours for all available modes other than active mode,
SLP, is calculated as:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\31\ Inactive mode means a standby mode that facilitates the
activation of active mode by remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer, or that provides continuous
status display. Section 1.10 of appendix C1.
\32\ Off mode means a mode in which the dishwasher is connected
to a mains power source and is not providing any active mode or
standby mode function, and where the mode may persist for an
indefinite time. An indicator that only shows the user that the
product is in the off position is included within the classification
of an off mode. Section 1.15 of appendix C1.
SLP = [H - {N x (L + LF){time} ] for dishwashers capable of operating
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
in fan-only mode; otherwise, SLP = 8,465
Where,
H = the total number of hours per year = 8,766 hours per year,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per
year,
L = the average of the duration of the normal cycle and truncated
normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing dishwashers with a truncated
normal cycle; the duration of the normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers without a truncated normal cycle; the average duration
of the sensor light response, truncated sensor light response,
sensor medium response, truncated sensor medium response, sensor
heavy response, and truncated sensor heavy response, for soil-
sensing dishwashers with a truncated cycle option; the average
duration of the sensor light response, sensor medium response, and
sensor heavy response, for
[[Page 72762]]
soil-sensing dishwashers without a truncated cycle option, and
LF = the duration of the fan-only mode for the normal cycle for non-
soil-sensing dishwashers; the average duration of the fan-only mode
for sensor light response, sensor medium response, and sensor heavy
response for soil-sensing dishwashers. Section 5.7, appendix C1.
Section 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020 updated this calculation such that
the combined low-power annual hours, SLP, is a calculated
value for all units. That is, dishwashers that do not have a fan-only
mode would use the same equation to calculate SLP as
dishwashers that do have a fan-only mode. The only difference in
calculation of SLP for units without a fan-only mode is that
LF would be equal to 0 for such units.
DOE proposes to reference the annual low-power mode energy
consumption calculation specified in Section 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020,
which would also include the updated calculation method for combined
low-power annual hours, SLP. This approach would change the
hours assigned to low-power mode from 8,465 hours for dishwashers that
do not have a fan-only mode to a value that is dependent on the
duration of the normal cycle. Calculating the annual low-power mode
energy consumption utilizing the measured active mode duration for each
individual unit rather than assigning a constant value across all units
would provide a more representative result.
The proposed change to the combined low-power annual hours would
potentially impact the measured EAEU. DOE also notes that the current
energy conservation standard was developed using the method for
determining the combined low-power annual hours specified in appendix
C1. As such, DOE proposes that, if this proposal were adopted, this
change would go into effect in conjunction with any amended energy
conservation standards for dishwashers. Accordingly, DOE is proposing
that the updated calculation of annual low-power mode energy
consumption be included only in the new appendix C2. Appendix C1 would
continue using the current method for calculating the annual low-power
mode energy consumption.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to use the updated combined
low-power annual hours, specified in Section 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020, for
the calculation of annual combined low-power mode energy consumption in
the proposed new appendix C2.
I. Network Mode
Appendix C1 currently does not address ``network mode'' power
consumption. DOE received two comments that recommended incorporating a
network mode power consumption test method into appendix C1.
Specifically, the Joint Commenters stated that DOE should consider
incorporating a network mode power consumption measurement in the test
procedure for ``connected'' dishwashers so consumers can have a better
understanding of the energy associated with connected functionality,
adding that as of September 2019, there were 11 ENERGY STAR-qualified
connected models on the market. (Joint Commenters, No. 8 at p. 2)
Additionally, the CAIOUs recommended that DOE define a ``network mode''
for smart dishwashers and implement a method to measure power
consumption in network mode so that consumers have a better
understanding of the power usage for connected units. (CAIOUs, No. 7 at
p. 3)
DOE is aware of dishwashers with network capabilities that are
currently on the market. However, DOE does not have sufficient data at
this time regarding the energy use and consumer use patterns associated
with such capabilities to evaluate potential test procedure provisions
related to network capabilities. Therefore, DOE is proposing that all
network functions must be disabled during testing. Specifically, DOE
proposes to include a requirement in appendix C1 and the proposed new
appendix C2 that for dishwashers which can communicate through a
network (e.g., Bluetooth[supreg] or internet connection), all network
functions must be disabled, if it is possible to disable it by means
provided in the manufacturer's user manual, for the duration of
testing. If the manufacturer instructions provided in the user manual
do not provide for disabling a connected function, the standby power
test procedure is conducted with the connected function in the ``as-
shipped'' condition. DOE seeks comment on its proposal to require the
disablement of all network functions throughout the duration of
testing.
DOE seeks the following information regarding connected dishwashers
that could inform future test procedure considerations:
DOE requests feedback on connected dishwashers currently on the
market. Specifically, DOE requests input on the types of features or
functionality enabled by connected dishwashers that exist on the market
or that are under development.
DOE requests data on the percentage of users purchasing connected
dishwashers, and, for those users, the percentage of the time when the
connected functionality of the dishwashers is used.
DOE requests data on the amount of additional or reduced energy use
of connected dishwashers.
DOE requests data on the pattern of additional or reduced energy
use of connected dishwashers; for example, whether it is constant,
periodic, or triggered by the user.
DOE requests information on any existing testing protocols that
account for connected features of dishwashers, as well as any testing
protocols that may be under development within the industry.
J. Test Cycle Duration
As stated, DOE established a separate product class for standard
size dishwashers with a cycle time for the normal cycle of less than
one hour from washing through drying. 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(iii). See
also 85 FR 68723. The definition for the new product class of standard
size dishwashers with a ``normal'' cycle time of 60 minutes or less
defines ``normal'' cycle time by reference to Section 1.12 of appendix
C1. 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(iii). The new product class definition, as well
as the previously established definitions for standard size dishwasher
and compact size dishwasher, reference ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 for
specifying the place settings used to distinguish between ``standard''
and ``compact.'' 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(i)-(iii).
On December 29, 2020, the National Resources Defense Council
(``NRDC''), Sierra Club, Consumer Federation of America, and
Massachusetts Union of Public Housing Tenants petitioned the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Second Circuit to review and set aside the October
2020 Final Rule. Natural Resources Defense Council v. U.S. Dep't of
Energy, No. 20-4256 (2d Cir.). On the same day, the States of
California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New
Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington,
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the District of Columbia, and the
City of New York filed a separate petition for review of the October
2020 Final Rule in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
California v. U.S. Dep't of Energy, No. 20-4285 (2d Cir.). These two
cases have been consolidated in the Second Circuit and have been placed
in abeyance pending DOE's review of the October 2020 Final Rule in
compliance with Executive Order 13990.
Further, on March 1, 2021, AHAM petitioned DOE to reconsider the
October 2020 Final Rule that established
[[Page 72763]]
and amended standards for short-cycle residential dishwashers (Docket
EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002, No. 001 at p. 2).\33\ On April 28, 2021, the
NRDC, Sierra Club, the Consumer Federation of America, and the
Massachusetts Union of Public Housing Tenants (``NRDC, et al.'') also
submitted a petition for DOE to repeal the same October 2020 Final Rule
(``NRDC petition for reconsideration'').\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\33\ AHAM submitted its petition pursuant to the Administrative
Procedure Act (``APA''), 5 U.S.C. 551 et seq., which provides among
other things, that ``[e]ach agency shall give an interested person
the right to petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a
rule.'' (5 U.S.C. 553(e)) The AHAM petition is available in the
docket to this rulemaking, EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002, at
www.regulations.gov.
\34\ NRDC also submitted its petition pursuant to the APA, 5
U.S.C. 553(e), to repeal the final rule. The NRDC petition is
available in the docket to this rulemaking, EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002,
at www.regulations.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On August 11, 2021, DOE published a NOPR (``August 2021 NOPR'')
stating that the October 2020 Final Rule resulted in amended energy
conservation standards for the new product class without properly
determining whether the relevant statutory criteria for amending
standards were met. 86 FR 43970. As a result, DOE proposed to revoke
the October 2020 Final Rule establishing the new short cycle product
class. Id.
As stated, DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference AHAM DW-1-
2020 in its entirety into 10 CFR part 430, and amend the dishwasher
test procedure to reference specified provisions of the standard.
Specifically, DOE is proposing to amend 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(iii) to
remove the existing reference to appendix C1, and instead reference
AHAM DW-1-2020 for the definition of ``normal cycle.'' DOE is also
proposing to specify the method for determining cycle duration in
Section 5.3 of appendix C1 and the proposed new appendix C2. DOE
proposes the test duration is the weighted average of the sensor heavy
response, sensor medium response, and sensor light response tests for
all dishwashers (i.e., both soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers). Additionally, DOE is proposing to update the references
to AHAM DW-1 in the standard size dishwasher and compact size
dishwasher descriptions in 10 CFR 430.32. In light of the August 2021
NOPR, DOE is not proposing at this time to require reporting of the
test duration.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to update the standard size
dishwasher, compact size dishwasher, and standard size dishwasher with
a ``normal'' cycle time of 60 minutes or less descriptions at 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1)(i)-(iii). DOE also requests comment on the proposal to
explicitly provide the method for determining cycle duration in
appendices C1 and C2.
K. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to amend the existing test procedure for
dishwashers at appendix C1 and adopt a new test procedure at appendix
C2. The proposed amendments to appendix C1 would establish requirements
for water hardness, relative humidity, and loading pattern; update
requirements for ambient temperature, detergent dosage, and standby
power measurement; include testing approaches from published waivers
for dishwashers; and include provisions for evaluating cleaning
performance and establishing a minimum per-cycle cleaning index
threshold as a condition for a valid test. The newly proposed appendix
C2 would additionally include an updated annual number of cycles and
low-power mode hours for the calculation of energy consumption.
The proposed amendments to appendix C1 would establish new
requirements for water hardness and relative humidity and would update
the requirements for ambient temperature. DOE does not expect these
proposals to increase test burden as compared to current industry
practice because it expects that laboratories already control water
hardness, relative humidity, and ambient temperature to within the
proposed specifications, as indicated by manufacturer comments
supporting these proposals, as well as general industry acceptance for
these requirements as they pertain to dishwashers and other appliances.
DOE also proposes to establish in appendix C1 a new requirement for
loading soiled dishes. DOE does not expect this proposal to change the
rated energy and water use because the thermal mass inside the
dishwasher chamber would be the same, regardless of how the dishes are
loaded in the unit. DOE also does not expect this proposal to increase
the cost of conducting the test procedure as compared to the current
test procedure based on the large number of brands currently
participating in the ENERGY STAR qualification and Most Efficient
programs (which requires the loading pattern proposed in this NOPR) and
based on AHAM's statements expressing support on behalf of the
industry.
Further, DOE is also proposing a new detergent type and approach
for calculating the detergent dosage in appendix C1. However, DOE is
also proposing to retain the current detergent type and dosing
requirement. As such, DOE does not expect this proposal to increase
test burden as compared to current industry practice.
DOE is further proposing in appendix C1 that standby mode power
consumption be measured with the door closed. Based on DOE's
interactions with test laboratories, dishwashers are already tested
with the door closed in standby mode. Therefore, DOE does not expect
any increase in costs to manufacturers from this proposed update if it
were made final.
Finally, DOE is proposing the evaluation of cleaning performance in
appendix C1. Specifically, DOE is proposing that each tested soil load
must meet a minimum per-cycle cleaning index threshold of 65 for a test
cycle to be considered valid. As discussed, DOE understands the market
to reflect general consumer satisfaction with the cleaning performance
of currently available dishwashers, and the proposed test cycle
validation index would reflect that consumer acceptance.
Were a currently certified dishwasher model to require retesting,
or new models be tested for certification under the proposed amendments
to appendix C1, if made final, DOE estimated the cost to test a
dishwasher basic model according to the proposed appendix C1. DOE
estimates the costs to test a soil-sensing dishwasher to be
approximately $2,330 per basic model and that for a non-soil-sensing
dishwasher to be approximately $790 per basic model. These costs were
estimated as follows.
Based on its experience conducting dishwasher testing, DOE
estimates the total duration to test dishwashers currently, according
to appendix C1, to be 25 hours for a soil-sensing dishwasher and 6
hours for a non-soil-sensing dishwasher. The additional time required
to score a load at the end of cycle and calculate the cleaning index is
estimated to be 1 hour per soil load. Therefore, DOE estimates the test
duration under the proposed updates to appendix C1 to be 28 hours for
soil-sensing dishwashers (25 hours currently + 1 hour per soil load to
score the load and calculate cleaning index).
For non-soil-sensing dishwashers, DOE's proposal requires testing
on the heavy soil load. This would increase testing time by
approximately 2.5 hours (in addition to the 1 hour associated with
scoring and calculating cleaning index) due to the additional time
associated with preparing the soils, soiling the load, allowing the
soils to dry, and loading the soiled dishes. To
[[Page 72764]]
mitigate burden, DOE's proposal additionally specifies that non-soil-
sensing dishwashers are required to test the medium and light soil
loads only if the next-greater soil load requires the use of the most
energy-intensive cycle. To estimate the testing burden associated with
this proposal, DOE estimates that most non-soil-sensing dishwashers
would only be tested at the heavy soil load. Therefore, DOE estimates
the total testing duration for non-soil sensing dishwashers under the
proposed appendix C1 to be 9.5 hours (2.5 hours to soil the load + 1
hour to score the load and calculate cleaning index).
Based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (``BLS's'')
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the mean hourly wage for
electrical and electronic engineering technologist and technician is
$29.27.\35\ Additionally, DOE used data from BLS's Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation to estimate the percent that wages comprise the
total compensation for an employee. DOE estimates that wages make up
70.4 percent of the total compensation for private industry
employees.\36\ Therefore, DOE estimated that the total hourly
compensation (including all fringe benefits) of a technician performing
these tests is approximately $41.58.\37\ Using these labor rates and
time estimates, DOE estimated that it would cost dishwasher
manufacturers approximately $1,165 to conduct a single test on a soil-
sensing dishwasher unit and approximately $395 to conduct a single test
on a non-soil-sensing dishwasher unit.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ DOE used the mean hourly wage of the ``17-3027 Mechanical
Engineering Technologists and Technicians'' from the most recent BLS
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2020) to estimate
the hourly wage rate of a technician assumed to perform this
testing. See www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes173027.htm. Last accessed on
July 26, 2021.
\36\ DOE used the March 2021 ``Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation'' to estimate that for ``Private Industry Workers,''
``Wages and Salaries'' are 70.4 percent of the total employee
compensation. See www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_06172021.pdf. Last accessed on July 26, 2021.
\37\ $29.27 / 0.704 = $41.58.
\38\ Soil-sensing dishwasher: $41.58 x 28 hours = $1,164.24
(rounded to $1,165) Non-soil-sensing dishwasher: $41.58 x 9.5 hours
= $395.01 (rounded to $395).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requires at least two units to be tested for each basic model
prior to certifying a rating with DOE. Therefore, DOE estimates that
manufacturers would incur testing costs of approximately $2,330 per
soil-sensing dishwasher basic model and approximately $790 per non-
soil-sensing dishwasher basic model. The incremental increase in
testing costs under the proposed updates to appendix C1 compared to the
current appendix C1 would be approximately $250 per soil-sensing
dishwasher basic model and approximately $290 per non-soil-sensing
dishwasher basic model.
DOE requests comment on its initial determination as to the impacts
from the proposed amendments to appendix C1 related to the rated energy
and water use of currently certified dishwashers. DOE also requests
comment on the potential impact to manufacturers from the updates
proposed to appendix C1. Finally, DOE requests comment on its estimated
costs for testing soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers
according to the proposed appendix C1.
In addition to the proposed amendments to appendix C1, DOE is also
proposing a new appendix C2. As proposed, use of appendix C2 would be
required in conjunction with the compliance date of future amendments
to the energy conservation standards for dishwashers, should such
amendments be adopted. The proposed change to the annual number of
cycles and low-power mode hours, both of which are used for the
calculation of energy consumption, would change certain inputs to the
calculation, but would not impact the burden as compared to conducting
the calculation under the current test procedure.
Another proposed update in the proposed appendix C2 would require
the use of a new detergent type and method to calculate the detergent
dosage. Based on testing that DOE conducted in support of the October
2020 Final Rule, DOE estimates that the updated detergent dosage
methodology would reduce testing time by about 1 hour because the new
methodology estimates detergent dosage based on the number of place
settings as opposed to the prewash and main wash fill water volumes as
required under the current (and proposed) appendix C1 test procedure.
Determination of the prewash and main wash fill water volumes requires
about 1 hour to identify the prewash and main wash phases of a test
cycle, isolating the water consumed during these specific portions of
the cycle, and then calculating the quantity of detergent required.
Based on these estimates DOE anticipates the total duration to test
soil-sensing dishwashers according to the newly proposed appendix C2
would be 27 hours. Similarly, DOE's estimate of the total duration to
test non-soil-sensing dishwashers according to proposed appendix C1
would be 9.5 hours. Therefore, the total duration to test non-soil-
sensing dishwashers according to the newly proposed appendix C2 would
be 8.5 hours. Using the same labor rates as those used to estimate the
testing costs for the updates proposed to appendix C1, DOE estimated
that it would cost dishwasher manufacturers approximately $2,246 per
soil-sensing dishwasher basic model and approximately $705 per non-
soil-sensing dishwasher basic model.\39\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\39\ 27 hours testing time per soil-sensing unit x $41.58 per
hour x 2 units per basic model = $2,245.32 (rounded to $2,245) and
8.5 hours test time per non-soil-sensing unit x $41.58 per hour x 2
units per basic model = $706.86 (rounded to $705)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
These costs would be for testing pursuant to newly proposed
appendix C2, and as proposed, testing pursuant to new appendix C2 would
only be required at such time as compliance is required with amended
energy conservation standards for dishwashers, should such amendments
be adopted. DOE will address the expected costs to industry if and when
DOE establishes energy conservation standards for dishwashers.
DOE requests comment on the potential impact to manufacturers from
the updates proposed to the newly proposed appendix C2. Specifically,
DOE requests comment on the per basic model test costs associated with
testing soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers.
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
DOE's established practice is to adopt industry test standards as
DOE test procedures for covered products and equipment, unless such
methodology would be unduly burdensome to conduct or would not produce
test results that reflect the energy efficiency, energy use, water use
(as specified in EPCA) or estimated operating costs of that equipment
during a representative average use cycle. Section 8(c) of 10 CFR part
430 subpart C appendix A. In cases where the industry standard does not
meet EPCA statutory criteria for test procedures, DOE will make
modifications through the rulemaking process to these standards as the
DOE test procedure.
The current test procedure for dishwashers at appendix C1
references ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 in definitions and for testing
conditions, and IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 for test conditions, equipment, and
standby mode power consumption measurement. The industry standards DOE
proposes to reference via amendments described in this notice are
discussed in further detail in Section III.B and Section IV.M of this
document. DOE requests comments on the benefits and burdens
[[Page 72765]]
of the proposed updates and additions to industry standards referenced
in the test procedure for dishwashers.
DOE notes that certain of its proposed modifications would not
require retesting and recertification of dishwasher basic models as
compared to adopting AHAM DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020 without
modification, while maintaining the representativeness of the DOE test
procedure. DOE is proposing to maintain the list of test load items
currently in appendix C1 as an alternative to the test load items
specified in AHAM DW-1-2020, so test laboratories that currently have
the test load items are not required to purchase new items. The
proposal to maintain the current detergent and dosage requirements as
alternatives to the detergent and dosage requirements specified in AHAM
DW-1-2020 would allow manufacturers to continue to rely on existing
test data and would not require re-testing or re-certification of
dishwashers on the market. Additionally, DOE is proposing to maintain
the annual number of cycles and low-power mode hours currently
specified in appendix C1 because these values can impact the EAEU,
which provides the basis for the existing energy conservation
standards. DOE proposes to adopt the annual number of cycles and low-
power mode hours from AHAM DW-1-2020 for the newly proposed appendix
C2, which would be applicable upon the compliance date of any future
amended energy conservation standards for dishwashers. DOE is also
proposing to adopt the test procedure waiver provisions applicable to
dishwashers for which water is supplied through a manually filled
attached tank and for in-sink dishwashers without a main detergent
compartment. AHAM DW-1-2020 does not have comparable provisions. The
DOE proposal would eliminate the need of manufacturers of such products
from having to seek waivers and thereby reduce compliance burden. These
modifications would ensure, as required by EPCA, that the DOE test
procedure is not unduly burdensome to conduct.
Additionally, AHAM DW-1-2020 references the relevant sections of
AHAM DW-2-2020 and IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 for the requirements where
appendix C1 currently references ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 and IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0, respectively. Further, DOE's proposal to incorporate a methodology
for measuring cleaning performance and including a consumer-
representative minimum cleaning performance threshold as a condition
for a cycle to be valid is to be referenced from the relevant sections
of AHAM DW-2-2020.
L. Compliance Date and Waivers
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
If DOE were to publish an amended test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension
of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship
in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(3)) To receive such an
extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days
before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
Upon the compliance date of an amended test procedure, should DOE
issue such an amendment, any waivers that had been previously issued
and are in effect that pertain to issues addressed by the amended test
procedure are terminated. 10 CFR 430.27(h)(3). Recipients of any such
waivers would be required to test the products subject to the waiver
according to the amended test procedure as of the compliance date of
the amended test procedure. The amendments proposed in this NOPR
pertain to issues addressed by waivers granted to Whirlpool, Case No.
DW-011, Miele, Case No. DW-012, CNA, Case No. 2020-008, and FOTILE,
Case No. 2020-020. 78 FR 65629, 82 FR 17227, 85 FR 79171, and 86 FR
26712, respectively.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that
this test procedure does not constitute a ``significant regulatory
action'' under Section 3(f) of Executive Order (``E.O.'') 12866,
Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
Order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in
OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (``IRFA'')
for any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless
the agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (Aug. 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE reviewed this proposed rule under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. DOE certifies that the proposed rule, if adopted,
would not have significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities. The factual basis of this certification is set forth in
the following paragraphs.
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section be reasonably designed to produce test
results which measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use and not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered product, including
dishwashers, to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect energy efficiency, energy
use, and estimated operating costs during a representative average use
cycle or period of use. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A))
In addition, EPCA requires that DOE amend its test procedures for
all covered products to integrate measures of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) Standby mode and off
mode energy consumption must be incorporated into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor for each
covered product unless the current test procedures already account
[[Page 72766]]
for and incorporate standby and off mode energy consumption or such
integration is technically infeasible. If an integrated test procedure
is technically infeasible, DOE must prescribe a separate standby mode
and off mode energy use test procedure for the covered product, if
technically feasible. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)(ii)) Any such amendment
must consider the most current versions of the IEC Standard 62301 and
IEC Standard 62087 as applicable. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
DOE is proposing amendments to the test procedure for dishwashers
in satisfaction of its statutory obligations under EPCA.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the new industry standard, AHAM DW-1-2020, and update the
industry standard incorporated by reference in 10 CFR part 430 from
ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 to AHAM DW-2-2020. Specifically, DOE proposes to:
(1) Incorporate by reference AHAM DW-1-2020 into 10 CFR part 430
and apply certain provisions of the industry standards to appendix C1,
including the following:
a. Add the water hardness specification in Section 2.11 of AHAM DW-
1-2020;
b. Add the relative humidity specification in Section 2.5.1 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 and the associated tolerance for the measurement instrument
in Section 3.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
c. Update the active mode ambient temperature as specified in
Section 2.5.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
d. Update the loading pattern requirement by applying the direction
specified in Section 2.6 of AHAM DW-1-2020;
e. Update the specifications for detergent usage consistent with
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-1-2020. This includes changing the type of
detergent used, and the calculation of detergent dosage to be used for
the pre-wash and main-wash cycles of dishwashers other than water re-
use system dishwashers;
f. Add specific dishwasher door configuration requirements during
standby mode testing, by incorporating the specifications in Section
4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020 and update the annual combined low-power mode
hours based on cycle duration; and,
g. Incorporate the requirements from AHAM DW-1-2020 for the test
methods pertaining to two granted waivers for dishwashers with specific
design features.
(2) Establish new appendix C2, which would generally require
testing as in appendix C1, with the following additional update:
a. Updated number of annual cycles and low-power mode hours used
for calculating the estimated annual energy use as specified in Section
5 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
For both, appendices C1 and C2, DOE additionally proposes to:
(1) Specify provisions for scoring the test load and calculating a
per-cycle cleaning index metric as specified in AHAM DW-2-2020 and
establish a minimum cleaning index threshold of 65 as a condition for a
test cycle to be valid.
(2) Incorporate the test methods specified in a waiver for testing
a basic model of dishwashers that does not hook up to a water supply
line but has a manually filled, built-in water tank. Additionally,
incorporate the test methods specified in a waiver for basic models of
dishwashers that are installed in-sink (as opposed to built-in to the
cabinetry or placed on countertops).
The Small Business Administration (``SBA'') considers a business
entity to be small business, if, together with its affiliates, it
employs less than a threshold number of workers specified in 13 CFR
part 121. DOE used SBA's small business size standards to determine
whether any small entities would be subject to the requirements of the
rule. These size standards and codes are established by the North
American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') and are available
at www.sba.gov/document/support--table-size-standards. Dishwashers are
classified under NAICS 335220, ``Major Household Appliance
Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 1,500 employees or fewer
for an entity to be considered as a small business for this category.
DOE used DOE's Compliance Certification Database \40\ and
California Energy Commission's Modernized Appliance Efficiency Database
System (``MAEDbS'') \41\ to create a list of companies that sell
dishwashers covered by this rulemaking in the United States. DOE
consulted publicly available data to identify original equipment
manufacturers (``OEMs''). DOE relied on public data and subscription-
based business information tools to determine company location,
headcount, and annual revenue.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\40\ www.regulations.doe.gov/certification-data. Last accessed
April 22, 2021.
\41\ cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/AdvancedSearch.aspx. Last accessed April 22, 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE identified 14 companies that are OEMs of dishwashers. In
reviewing the 14 OEMs, DOE did not identify any domestic companies that
met the SBA criteria for a small entity. Given the lack of small
entities with a direct compliance burden, DOE concludes that the
impacts of the proposed test procedure amendments outlined in this NOPR
would not have a ``significant economic impact on a substantial number
of small entities.'' DOE will transmit the certification and supporting
statement of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the
Small Business Administration for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE seeks comment on its findings that there are no small
businesses that are OEMs of dishwashers in the United States. DOE also
seeks comment on its conclusion that the proposed test procedure
amendments would not have significant impacts on a substantial number
of small manufacturers.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of dishwashers must certify to DOE that their
products comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
products according to the DOE test procedures, including any amendments
adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established regulations for
the certification and recordkeeping requirements for all covered
consumer products and commercial equipment, including dishwashers. (See
generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-information requirement
for the certification and recordkeeping is subject to review and
approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA''). This
requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control number 1910-
1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated to
average 35 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes test procedure amendments that
it expects will be used to develop and
[[Page 72767]]
implement future energy conservation standards for dishwashers. DOE has
determined that this proposed rule falls into a class of actions that
are categorically excluded from review under the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's implementing
regulations at 10 CFR part 1021. Specifically, DOE has determined that
adopting test procedures for measuring energy efficiency of consumer
products and industrial equipment is consistent with activities
identified in 10 CFR part 1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6.
Accordingly, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental
impact statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
E.O. 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999) imposes
certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The E.O. requires agencies to examine the constitutional
and statutory authority supporting any action that would limit the
policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The E.O. also requires agencies to have an
accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely input by State and
local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have
federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE published a statement
of policy describing the intergovernmental consultation process it will
follow in the development of such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has
examined this proposed rule and has determined that it would not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government. EPCA
governs and prescribes Federal preemption of State regulations as to
energy conservation for the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE for exemption from such
preemption to the extent, and based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is required by E.O. 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, Section 3(a) of E.O. 12988, ``Civil Justice
Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal agencies the
general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1) Eliminate
drafting errors and ambiguity, (2) write regulations to minimize
litigation, (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct
rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification and
burden reduction. Section 3(b) of E.O. 12988 specifically requires that
Executive agencies make every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the preemptive effect, if any, (2)
clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal law or regulation, (3)
provides a clear legal standard for affected conduct while promoting
simplification and burden reduction, (4) specifies the retroactive
effect, if any, (5) adequately defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity and general draftsmanship
under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) of
E.O. 12988 requires executive agencies to review regulations in light
of applicable standards in Sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether
they are met, or it is unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE
has completed the required review and determined that, to the extent
permitted by law, the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), Section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under E.O. 12630, ``Governmental Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights'' 53 FR
8859 (March 18, 1988), that this proposed regulation would not result
in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
[[Page 72768]]
prepare and submit to OMB, a Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A ``significant energy action'' is
defined as any action by an agency that promulgated or is expected to
lead to promulgation of a final rule, and that (1) is a significant
regulatory action under E.O. 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is
likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is designated by the
Administrator of OIRA as a significant energy action. For any proposed
significant energy action, the agency must give a detailed statement of
any adverse effects on energy supply, distribution, or use should the
proposal be implemented, and of reasonable alternatives to the action
and their expected benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to amend the test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of dishwashers is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy, nor has it been designated as a significant energy action by
the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy
Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under Section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, Section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed modifications to the test procedure for dishwashers
would incorporate testing methods contained in certain sections of the
following commercial standards: AHAM DW-1-2020, AHAM DW-2-2020, and IEC
62301 Ed. 2.0. DOE has evaluated these standards and is unable to
conclude whether they fully comply with the requirements of Section
32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether it was developed in a manner that
fully provides for public participation, comment, and review.) DOE will
consult with both the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
M. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR
part 430 the test standard published by AHAM, titled ``Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers,'' AHAM DW-
1-2020, and the test standard published by IEC, titled ``Household
electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' IEC 62301 Ed.
2.0 for both, appendix C1 and the new appendix C2. Additionally, DOE
proposes to update the industry standard incorporated by reference in
10 CFR part 430 from ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2010 to AHAM DW-2-2020.
AHAM DW-1-2020 is a voluntary industry-accepted test procedure that
measures the energy and water consumption of household electric
dishwashers. The test procedure amendments proposed in this NOPR
generally reference AHAM DW-1-2020 including provisions to address:
Water hardness, relative humidity, ambient temperature, test load
items, loading pattern, detergent, standby power measurement,
dishwashers with 208 V power source, and water re-use system
dishwashers. Additionally, this NOPR proposes to incorporate by
reference AHAM DW-1-2020 in its entirety in the new appendix C2. In
addition to the updates proposed to appendix C1, the new appendix C2
would include updated requirements for the annual number of cycles and
calculation of low-power mode energy consumption.
DOE also proposes to incorporate by reference into 10 CFR part 430
AHAM DW-2-2020, ``Household Electric Dishwashers,'' which is a standard
to determine the cleaning performance of dishwashers. For some of the
provisions that DOE is proposing to reference from AHAM DW-1-2020, the
standard references AHAM DW-2-2020; these include certain definitions
and requirements for test cycle and load, soils, and detergent.
Additionally, DOE's proposed requirements for evaluating cleaning
performance in appendix C1 and the new appendix C2 would also be
referenced from the relevant sections of AHAM DW-2-2020.
DOE also proposes to apply specified provisions of the IEC
Standard, IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0, to the new appendix C2. IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0,
already incorporated by reference into 10 CFR part 430 for application
to appendix C1, is an international standard that specifies methods of
measurement of electrical power consumption of household appliances in
standby mode(s) and other low power modes, as applicable. The proposed
new appendix C2 would include references to IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 for the
measurement of dishwasher standby power consumption.
Copies of AHAM DW-1-2020 and AHAM DW-2-2020 may be purchased from
AHAM at 1111 19th Street NW, Suite 402, Washington, DC 20036; or by
going to AHAM's online store at www.aham.org/AHAM/AuxStore.
Copies of IEC 62301 Ed. 2.0 can be obtained from--3, rue de
Varemb[eacute], P.O. Box 131, CH--1211 Geneva 20--Switzerland, or by
visiting www.iec.ch. Copies of the IEC standards are also available at
American National Standards Institute, 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4936, or by visiting webstore.ansi.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are listed in the DATES section at
the beginning of this document. If no participants register for the
webinar, it will be cancelled. Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be published on DOE's website:
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=38&action=viewlive. Participants are
responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible with the webinar
software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
proposed rulemaking, or who is representative of a group or class of
persons that has an interest in these issues, may request an
opportunity to make an oral presentation at the webinar. Such persons
may submit requests to speak by email to:
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format the briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the topics they
wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime telephone
number where they can be reached.
[[Page 72769]]
Persons requesting to speak should briefly describe the nature of
their interest in this rulemaking and provide a telephone number for
contact. DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least two weeks before
the webinar. At its discretion, DOE may permit persons who cannot
supply an advance copy of their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar and may
also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion. The meeting will
not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing, but DOE will
conduct it in accordance with Section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6306). A
court reporter will be present to record the proceedings and prepare a
transcript. DOE reserves the right to schedule the order of
presentations and to establish the procedures governing the conduct of
the webinar. There shall not be discussion of proprietary information,
costs or prices, market share, or other commercial matters regulated by
U.S. anti-trust laws. After the webinar and until the end of the
comment period, interested parties may submit further comments on the
proceedings and any aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an informal, conference style. DOE
will present summaries of comments received before the webinar, allow
time for prepared general statements by participants, and encourage all
interested parties to share their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed to make a general
statement (within time limits determined by DOE), before the discussion
of specific topics. DOE will allow, as time permits, other participants
to comment briefly on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly and comment on
statements made by others. Participants should be prepared to answer
questions by DOE and by other participants concerning these issues. DOE
representatives may also ask questions of participants concerning other
matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar will accept additional comments or questions from those
attending, as time permits. The presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification of the above procedures that
may be needed for the proper conduct of the webinar.
A transcript of the webinar will be included in the docket, which
can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the beginning of
this document and will be accessible on the DOE website. In addition,
any person may buy a copy of the transcript from the transcribing
reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule no later than the date provided in the DATES section at
the beginning of this proposed rule.\42\ Interested parties may submit
comments using any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at
the beginning of this NOPR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ DOE has historically provided a 75-day comment period for
test procedure NOPRs pursuant to the North American Free Trade
Agreement, U.S.-Canada-Mexico (``NAFTA''), Dec. 17, 1992, 32 I.L.M.
289 (1993); the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation
Act, Public Law 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057 (1993) (codified as amended
at 10 U.S.C.A. 2576) (1993) (``NAFTA Implementation Act''); and
Executive Order 12889, ``Implementation of the North American Free
Trade Agreement,'' 58 FR 69681 (Dec. 30, 1993). However, on July 1,
2020, the Agreement between the United States of America, the United
Mexican States, and the United Canadian States (``USMCA''), Nov. 30,
2018, 134 Stat. 11 (i.e., the successor to NAFTA), went into effect,
and Congress's action in replacing NAFTA through the USMCA
Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C. 4501 et seq. (2020), implies the
repeal of E.O. 12889 and its 75-day comment period requirement for
technical regulations. Thus, the controlling laws are EPCA and the
USMCA Implementation Act. Consistent with EPCA's public comment
period requirements for consumer products, the USMCA only requires a
minimum comment period of 60 days. Consequently, DOE now provides a
60-day public comment period for test procedure NOPRs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov information for which
disclosure is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and
commercial or financial information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information (``CBI'')). Comments submitted
through www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed as CBI. Comments received
through the website will waive any CBI claims for the information
submitted. For information on submitting CBI, see the Confidential
Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email. Comments and documents submitted via
email will be posted to www.regulations.gov. If you do not want your
personal contact information to be publicly viewable, do not include it
in your comment or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter. Include your first and last
names, email address, telephone number, and optional mailing address.
Following these instructions, the cover letter will not be publicly
viewable as long as it does not include any comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. No telefacsimiles (faxes) will
be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format. Provide documents that
are not secured, written in English and free of any defects or viruses.
Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
encryption and, if possible, they should carry the electronic signature
of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 to
[[Page 72770]]
500 form letters per PDF or as one form letter with a list of
supporters' names compiled into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment
processing and posting time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that they believe to be confidential and
exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via email, postal
mail, or hand delivery/courier two well-marked copies: One copy of the
document marked confidential including all the information believed to
be confidential, and one copy of the document marked non-confidential
with the information believed to be confidential deleted. Submit these
documents via email to [email protected] or on a CD,
if feasible. DOE will make its own determination about the confidential
status of the information and treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate by
reference into 10 CFR part 430 the most recent version of the
industry standard for dishwasher energy and water use measurement,
AHAM DW-1-2020, as well as the industry performance standard, AHAM
DW-2-2020, both with modifications. DOE seeks comment on its
preliminary conclusion that the proposed modifications to the
industry standards are necessary so that the DOE test method
satisfies the requirements of EPCA.
(2) DOE requests comment on its proposal to require use of the
water hardness requirements from Section 2.11 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
(3) DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference AHAM DW-1-
2020 for the relative humidity and associated instrumentation
requirements, which specifies a relative humidity test condition of
35 percent 15 percent, and a resolution of at least 1
percent relative humidity and an accuracy of at least 6
percent relative humidity over the temperature range of 75 [deg]F
5 [deg]F for the relative humidity measuring device. To
the extent that stakeholder have additional information, DOE
requests data regarding the impact of relative humidity on
dishwasher energy and water usage.
(4) DOE requests input on its proposal to specify a target
nominal ambient temperature of 75 [deg]F for active mode testing, as
referenced from AHAM DW-1-2020.
(5) DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference in
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2 the testing provisions from AHAM
DW-1-2020 to address the Miele waiver for dishwashers that operate
at 208-volts.
(6) DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate the
requirements of the CNA waiver for any dishwasher with a built-in
reservoir. In particular, DOE requests stakeholder feedback on using
the detergent dosage requirement based on number of place settings
rather than main wash water volume in the new appendix C2, for
dishwashers with built-in reservoirs.
(7) DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate into
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2 the installation requirements
for in-sink dishwashers from the FOTILE waiver.
(8) DOE requests comment on its proposal that the detergent must
be placed directly into the dishwasher chamber for any dishwasher
that does not have a prewash or main wash detergent compartment.
(9) DOE requests input on its proposal to update the estimated
number of annual cycles from 215 to 184 cycles per year for future
calculations of EAEU. DOE also requests comment on its approach to
propose a new appendix C2 with the updated annual number of cycles,
the use of which would be required for compliance with any amended
energy conservation standards.
(10) DOE requests comment on specifying that the test load items
be as specified in AHAM DW-1-2020 (which references Section 3.4 of
AHAM DW-2-2020), while additionally retaining, as an alternative,
the current test load specifications in appendix C1 and the new
appendix C2.
(11) DOE continues to request feedback and data regarding
soiling level and whether there have been changes to consumers' pre-
rinsing behavior. DOE also seeks information regarding the impact of
different soil levels on energy and water use in dishwashers
currently on the market.
(12) DOE requests comment on its proposal to remove the soil
substitution and soil preparation requirements from Sections 2.7.4
and 2.7.5 of appendix C1 and apply these same requirements from AHAM
DW-1-2020 instead. DOE particularly requests data and information on
how the proposed soil composition would affect energy and water use
in current dishwashers.
(13) DOE requests input on its proposal to use the loading
requirements specified in Section 2.6.3.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
(14) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt in appendix
C1 the new detergent and new dosage requirements as specified in
AHAM DW-1-2020, while also retaining the current detergent and
dosage requirements in appendix C1. The use of either set of
detergent requirements would be allowable for testing under appendix
C1. DOE also requests comment on the detergent currently being used
by manufacturers and test laboratories for testing and certification
of dishwashers.
(15) DOE also welcomes comments and data on the impact of the
new detergent and dosage on energy and water use.
(16) DOE requests comment on its proposal to reference in
appendix C1 and the new appendix C2 the testing provisions from AHAM
DW-1-2020 to address the Whirlpool waiver for water re-use system
dishwashers.
(17) DOE requests feedback on the proposed methodology to test,
score, and calculate a cleaning index to validate the tested cycle
and seeks comment if other methodologies should be considered for
validating the cleaning performance of the tested cycle.
(18) DOE requests feedback on whether it should consider
referencing Section 5.12.3.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 to measure cleaning
performance, which would calculate the cleaning index based on soil
particles only. DOE notes that if it were to calculate cleaning
index using soil particles only, it would reevaluate the per-cycle
cleaning index threshold value to reflect this change.
(19) DOE requests feedback on the proposed cleaning index
threshold value of 65 for each test cycle or whether it should
consider a threshold value of 70 instead.
(20) DOE requests additional data on consumer dishwasher cycle
selections. In particular, DOE requests data indicating the
frequency with which consumers select the normal cycle; and, for
cycles not conducted on the normal cycle, the frequency with which a
more energy-intensive cycle is selected.
(21) DOE also requests additional data on how frequently
consumers are dissatisfied with the cleaning performance of the
normal cycle as well as the actions, and the frequency of each
action, that consumers would take if the load is not satisfactorily
clean.
(22) DOE requests feedback on its proposed approach to ensure
that the test procedure produces test results which measure energy
use and water use during a representative average use cycle.
(23) DOE requests comment on its proposal that, if a test cycle
at a particular soil level is re-tested using the most energy-
intensive cycle, the filter should be cleaned prior to testing the
soil level at the most energy-intensive cycle.
(24) DOE requests feedback on its proposal to require testing
non-soil-sensing dishwashers using a soiled load for the purpose of
being able to evaluate the cleaning index of each tested cycle.
(25) DOE requests comment on its proposed approach for non-soil-
sensing dishwashers; particularly that if a tested soil load meets
the defined threshold criteria when tested on the normal cycle, no
additional testing is required of cycles with lesser soil loads.
(26) DOE requests comment and data on the test cycles currently
selected by manufacturers for rating the energy and water use of
dishwashers compared to the test cycles that would be selected under
the proposed cleaning index threshold of 65 as a condition for a
valid test cycle. In particular, DOE requests data on the extent to
which manufacturers would need to test a more-energy intensive
cycle, or redefine the normal cycle, to meet the proposed cleaning
index threshold of 65.
(27) DOE requests information on other potential methods to
validate that the
[[Page 72771]]
measured energy and water consumption of dishwashers is
representative of consumer use, such as the example approaches of
applying an ``adder'' or multiplicative factor to the energy and
water consumption values for any test cycles that do not achieve the
defined cleaning index threshold. If stakeholders recommend such an
approach, DOE requests data and information that could be used to
determine this factor.
(28) DOE requests comment and related supporting data on whether
this proposal would result in an altered measured energy use for
dishwashers that are currently minimally-compliant with the existing
energy conservation standards for dishwashers.
(29) DOE requests comment on whether the soil loads proposed for
compact dishwashers that have a capacity of less than four place
settings is appropriate. If stakeholders recommend different
quantity of soils for such dishwashers, DOE requests feedback on the
soil level that should be used for such small capacity dishwashers.
(30) DOE requests feedback on its proposed methodology for
determining the most energy-intensive cycle. DOE also requests
feedback on whether it should consider determination of the most
energy-intensive cycle for sensor response test cycle using the
respective soil load.
(31) DOE requests feedback on its proposal to require cleaning
of the dishwasher filter prior to running the clean load test to
determine the most energy-intensive test cycle.
(32) DOE requests input on its proposal to apply the standby
mode and off mode test requirements from Section 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-
2020 to appendix C1 and proposed new appendix C2.
(33) DOE requests comment on its proposal to use the updated
combined low-power annual hours, specified in Section 5.7 of AHAM
DW-1-2020, for the calculation of annual combined low-power mode
energy consumption in the proposed new appendix C2.
(34) DOE requests feedback on connected dishwashers currently on
the market. Specifically, DOE requests input on the types of
features or functionality enabled by connected dishwashers that
exist on the market or that are under development.
(35) DOE requests data on the percentage of users purchasing
connected dishwashers, and, for those users, the percentage of the
time when the connected functionality of the dishwashers is used.
(36) DOE requests data on the amount of additional or reduced
energy use of connected dishwashers.
(37) DOE requests data on the pattern of additional or reduced
energy use of connected dishwashers; for example, whether it is
constant, periodic, or triggered by the user.
(38) DOE requests information on any existing testing protocols
that account for connected features of dishwashers, as well as any
testing protocols that may be under development within the industry.
(39) DOE requests comment on the proposal to update the standard
size dishwasher, compact size dishwasher, and standard size
dishwasher with a ``normal'' cycle time of 60 minutes or less
descriptions at 10 CFR 430.32(f)(1)(i)-(iii). DOE also requests
comment on the proposal to explicitly provide the method for
determining cycle duration in appendices C1 and C2.
(40) DOE requests comment on its initial determination as to the
impacts from the proposed amendments to appendix C1 related to the
rated energy and water use of currently certified dishwashers. DOE
also requests comment on the potential impact to manufacturers from
the updates proposed to appendix C1. Finally, DOE requests comment
on its estimated costs for testing soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing
dishwashers according to the proposed appendix C1.
(41) DOE requests comment on the potential impact to
manufacturers from the updates proposed to the newly proposed
appendix C2. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the per basic
model test costs associated with testing soil-sensing and non-soil-
sensing dishwashers.
(42) DOE seeks comment on its findings that there are no small
businesses that are OEMs of dishwashers in the United States. DOE
also seeks comment on its conclusion that the proposed test
procedure amendments would not have significant impacts on a
substantial number of small manufacturers.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on December 3,
2021, by Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated
authority from the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original
signature and date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes
only, and in compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on December 8, 2021.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
part 430 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations as set
forth below:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
1. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Amend Sec. 430.3 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (i)(2) through (6) as (i)(3) through (7);
0
b. Adding a new paragraph (i)(2); and
0
c. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (i)(3); and
0
d. Revising paragraph (o)(6).
The addition and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 430.3 Materials incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(2) ANSI/AHAM DW-1-2020 (``AHAM DW-1-2020''), Uniform Test Method
for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers, (approved October
2020), IBR approved for Sec. 430.32 and appendices C1 and C2 to
subpart B.
(3) AHAM DW-2-2020, Household Electric Dishwashers, (approved
2020), IBR approved for appendices C1 and C2 to subpart B.
* * * * *
(o) * * *
(6) IEC 62301 (``IEC 62301''), Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power, (Edition 2.0, 2011-01), IBR approved for
appendices C1, C2, D1, D2, F, G, H, I, J2, N, O, P, Q, X, X1, Y, Z, BB,
and CC to subpart B.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(c) Dishwashers. (1) The Estimated Annual Operating Cost (EAOC) for
dishwashers must be rounded to the nearest dollar per year and is
defined as follows:
(i) When cold water (50 [deg]F) is used,
[[Page 72772]]
EAOC = (De x ETLP) + (De x N x (M + MWS + MDO + MCO + EF - (ED/2))).
Where,
De = the representative average unit cost of electrical
energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour, as provided by the Secretary,
ETLP = the annual combined low-power mode energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per year and determined according to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per year
when EAOC is determined pursuant to appendix C1 to this subpart, and
184 cycles per year when EAOC is determined pursuant to appendix C2
to this subpart,
M = the machine energy consumption per cycle, in kilowatt-hours and
determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to
this subpart, as applicable,
MWS = the machine energy consumption per cycle for water
softener regeneration, in kilowatt-hours and determined pursuant to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
MDO = for water re-use system dishwashers, the machine
energy consumption per cycle during a drain out event in kilowatt-
hours and determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable,
MCO = for water re-use system dishwashers, the machine
energy consumption per cycle during a clean out event, in kilowatt-
hours and determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable,
EF = the fan-only mode energy consumption per cycle, in
kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5 of appendix C1
or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable, and
ED = the drying energy consumption, in kilowatt-hours and
determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to
this subpart, as applicable.
(ii) When electrically-heated water (120 [deg]F or 140 [deg]F) is
used,
EAOC = (De x ETLP) + (De x N x (M +
MWS + MDO + MCO + EF-
(ED/2))) + (De x N x (W + WWS +
WDO + WCO)).
Where,
De, ETLP, N, M, MWS,
MDO, MCO, EF, and ED,
are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section,
W = the water energy consumption per cycle, in kilowatt-hours and
determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to
this subpart, as applicable,
Wws = the water softener regeneration water energy
consumption per cycle in kilowatt-hours and determined according to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable,
WDO = The drain out event water energy consumption per
cycle in kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable, and
WCO = The clean out event water energy consumption per
cycle in kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable.
(iii) When gas-heated or oil-heated water is used,
EAOCg = (De x ETLP) + (De x
N x (M + MWS + MDO + MCO +
EF-(ED/2))) + (Dg x N x (Wg
+ WWSg + WDOg + WCOg)).
Where,
De, ETLP, N, M, MWS,
MDO, MCO, EF, and ED,
are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section,
Dg = the representative average unit cost of gas or oil,
as appropriate, in dollars per BTU, as provided by the Secretary,
Wg = the water energy consumption per cycle, in Btus and
determined according to section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to
this subpart, as applicable.
WWSg = the water softener regeneration energy consumption
per cycle in Btu per cycle and determined according to section 5 of
appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable,
WDOg = the drain out water energy consumption per cycle
in kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5 of appendix
C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable, and
WCOg = the clean out water energy consumption per cycle
in kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5 of appendix
C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable.
(2) The estimated annual energy use, EAEU, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per year must be rounded to the nearest kilowatt-hour per year
and is defined as follows:
EAEU = (M + MWS + MDO + MCO +
EF-(ED/2) + W + WWS + WDO +
WCO) x N + ETLP
Where,
M, MWS, MDO, MCO, EF,
ED, ETLP are all defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) and W, WWS, WDO, WCO are
defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(3) The sum of the water consumption, V, the water consumption
during water softener regeneration, VWS, the water
consumption during drain out events for dishwashers equipped with a
water re-use system, VDO, and the water consumption during
clean out events for dishwashers equipped with a water re-use system,
VCO, expressed in gallons per cycle and defined pursuant to
section 5 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 to this subpart, as applicable,
must be rounded to one decimal place.
(4) Other useful measures of energy consumption for dishwashers are
those which the Secretary determines are likely to assist consumers in
making purchasing decisions and which are derived from the application
of appendix C1 to this subpart or appendix C2 to this subpart, as
applicable.
* * * * *
0
4. Appendix C1 to subpart B of part 430 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix C1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of testing under this
appendix (published on [Date of Publication of the final rule]) to
determine compliance with the relevant standard from Sec.
430.32(f)(1) as it appeared in the January 1, 2021 edition of 10 CFR
parts 200-499. For any amended standards for dishwashers published
after January 1, 2021, manufacturers must use the results of testing
under appendix C2 to determine compliance. Representations related
to energy or water consumption must be made in accordance with the
appropriate appendix that applies (i.e., appendix C1 or appendix C2)
when determining compliance with the relevant standard.
Manufacturers may also use appendix C2 to certify compliance with
any amended standards prior to the applicable compliance date for
those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3, AHAM DW-1-2020,
AHAM DW-2-2020, and IEC 62301 in their entirety. The following
enumerated provisions of AHAM DW-1-2020, AHAM DW-2-2020, and IEC
62301 are applicable to this appendix, as follows:
(1) AHAM DW-1-2020: Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Dishwashers
(i) Sections 1.1 through 1.30 as referenced in section 1 of this
appendix;
(ii) Section 2.1 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.1 of this
appendix;
(iii) Sections 2.2 through 2.3.3, sections 2.5 and 2.7, sections
2.7.2 through 2.8, and section 2.11, as referenced in section 2 of
this appendix;
(iv) Section 2.4 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.2 of this
appendix;
(v) Section 2.6.3 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.3 of this
appendix;
(vi) Section 2.7.1 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.4 of this
appendix;
(vii) Section 2.9 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.5 of this
appendix;
(viii) Section 2.10 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.6 of this
appendix;
(ix) Sections 3.1 through 3.2 and sections 3.5 through 3.7 as
referenced in section 3 of this appendix;
(x) Section 3.3 as referenced in sections 3 and 3.1 of this
appendix;
(xi) Section 3.4 as referenced in sections 3 and 3.2 of this
appendix;
(xii) Sections 4.1 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.1 of this
appendix;
(xiii) Section 4.1.4 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.1.2 of
this appendix; and
(xiv) Section 5 as referenced in section 5 of this appendix.
[[Page 72773]]
(2) AHAM DW-2-2020: Household Electric Dishwashers
(i) Section 5.10 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.8 of this
appendix;
(ii) Sections 5.10.1 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.2 of this
appendix; and
(iii) Section 5.12.3.2 as referenced in sections 5 and 5.1 of
this appendix.
(3) IEC 62301: Household Electrical Appliances--Measurement of Standby
Power
(i) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 as referenced in section 2 of
this appendix; and
(ii) Sections 5.1, note 1, and 5.3.2 as referenced in section 4
of this appendix.
1. Definitions
The definitions in Section 1.1 through 1.30 of AHAM DW-1-2020
apply to this test procedure, including the applicable provisions of
AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in Sections 1.5, 1.18, 1.19. 1.20, and
1.22 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2. Testing Conditions
The testing conditions in Sections 2.1 through 2.11 of AHAM DW-
1-2020, except Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, and the testing conditions
in Section 5.10 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure,
including the following provisions of:
(1) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 of IEC 62301 as referenced in
Sections 2.1, 2.2.4, and 2.5.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020, respectively, and
(2) Sections 5.3 through 5.8 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in
Sections 2.6.3.1, 2.6.3.2, and 2.6.3.3; section 3.4 of AHAM DW-2-
2020, excluding the accompanying Note, as referenced in Section
2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020; Section 5.4 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced
in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020; Section 5.5 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as
referenced in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM DW-1-2020, and Section 4.1 of
AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in Section 2.10.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
Additionally, the following requirements are also applicable.
2.1 Installation Requirements.
The installation requirements described in Section 2.1 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers, with the following
additions:
2.1.1 In-Sink Dishwashers.
For in-sink dishwashers, the requirements pertaining to the
rectangular enclosure for under-counter or under-sink dishwashers
are not applicable. For such dishwashers, the rectangular enclosure
must consist of a front, a back, two sides, and a bottom. The front,
back, and sides of the enclosure must be brought into the closest
contact with the appliance that the configuration of the dishwasher
will allow. The height of the enclosure shall be as specified in the
manufacturer's instructions for installation height. If no
instructions are provided, the enclosure height shall be 36 inches.
The dishwasher must be installed from the top and mounted to the
edges of the enclosure.
2.1.2 Dishwashers without a Direct Water Line.
Manually fill the built-in water reservoir to the full capacity
reported by the manufacturer, using water at a temperature in
accordance with Section 2.3 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2.2 Water pressure.
The water pressure requirements described in Section 2.4 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers that
do not have a direct water line.
2.3 Non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing dishwashers to be tested
at a nominal inlet temperature of 50 [deg]F, 120 [deg]F, or 140
[deg]F.
The test load and soiling requirements for all non-soil-sensing
and soil-sensing dishwashers shall be the same as those requirements
specified in Section 2.6.3 of AHAM DW-1-2020 for soil-sensing
dishwashers. Additionally, both non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
compact dishwashers that have a capacity of less than four place
settings shall be tested at the rated capacity of the dishwasher and
the test load shall be soiled as follows at each soil load:
a. Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is greater;
b. Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller;
c. Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller, using half the
quantity of soils specified for one place setting.
2.4 Test load items.
The test load items described in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020
apply to this test procedure, including the applicable provisions of
AHAM DW-2-2020, as referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
The following test load items may be used in the alternative.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dishware/glassware/ flatware
item Primary source Description Primary No. Alternate source Alternate source No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dinner Plate..................... Corning 10 inch Dinner Plate 6003893
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Bread and Butter Plate........... Corning 6.75 inch Bread & 6003887 Arzberg............ 8500217100 or 2000-00001-0217-1.
Comcor[supreg]/ Butter.
Corelle[supreg].
Fruit Bowl....................... Corning 10 oz. Dessert Bowl. 6003899 Arzberg............ 3820513100.
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Cup.............................. Corning 8 oz. Ceramic Cup... 6014162 Arzberg............ 1382-00001-4732.
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Saucer........................... Corning 6 inch Saucer....... 6010972 Arzberg............ 1382-00001-4731.
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Serving Bowl..................... Corning 1 qt. Serving Bowl.. 6003911
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Platter.......................... Corning 9.5 inch Oval 6011655
Comcor[supreg]/ Platter.
Corelle[supreg].
Glass--Iced Tea.................. Libbey.............. .................... 551 HT
Flatware--Knife.................. Oneida[supreg]--Acce .................... 2619KPVF WMF--Gastro 0800... 12.0803.6047.
nt.
Flatware--Dinner Fork............ Oneida[supreg]--Acce .................... 2619FRSF WMF--Signum 1900... 12.1905.6040.
nt.
Flatware--Salad Fork............. Oneida[supreg]--Acce .................... 2619FSLF WMF--Signum 1900... 12.1964.6040.
nt.
Flatware--Teaspoon............... Oneida[supreg]--Acce .................... 2619STSF WMF--Signum 1900... 12.1910.6040.
nt.
Flatware--Serving Fork........... Oneida[supreg]--Flig .................... 2865FCM WMF--Signum 1900... 12.1902.6040.
ht.
Flatware--Serving Spoon.......... Oneida[supreg]--Acce .................... 2619STBF WMF--Signum 1900... 12.1904.6040.
nt.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.5 Preconditioning requirements.
The preconditioning requirements described in Section 2.9 of
AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers. For dishwashers
that do not have a direct water line, measurement of the prewash
fill water volume, Vpw, if any, and measurement of the
main wash fill water volume, Vmw, are not taken.
2.6 Detergent.
The detergent requirements described in Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-
1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers. For any dishwasher that
does not have a detergent compartment, determine the amount of main
wash detergent (in grams) according to Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-1-
2020, or as specified below, and place the detergent directly into
the dishwasher chamber.
Additionally, the following detergent and dosage may also be
used for all dishwashers. Note that if the detergent specified in
Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-1-2020 is used, then the dosage requirements
specified in Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-1-2020 must be used.
Alternately, if the detergent specified below is used, the dosage
requirements specified below must be used.
Use Cascade with the Grease Fighting Power of Dawn powder as the
detergent formulation. For all dishwashers other than water re-use
system dishwashers determine the amount of detergent (in grams) to
be added to the prewash compartment (if provided) or elsewhere in
the dishwasher (if recommended by the manufacturer) and the main
wash compartment according to Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2 of this
appendix.
2.6.1 Detergent Dosing for Dishwashers other than Water Re-use
System Dishwashers.
2.6.1.1 Prewash Detergent Dosing. If the cycle setting for the
test cycle includes prewash, determine the quantity of dry prewash
detergent, Dpw, in grams (g) that results in 0.25 percent
concentration by mass in the prewash fill water as:
Dpw = Vpw x [rho] x k x 0.25/100
where,
Vpw = the prewash fill volume of water in gallons,
[[Page 72774]]
[rho] = water density = 8.343 pounds (lb)/gallon for dishwashers to
be tested at a nominal inlet water temperature of 50 [deg]F (10
[deg]C), 8.250 lb/gallon for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal
inlet water temperature of 120 [deg]F (49 [deg]C), and 8.205 lb/
gallon for dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet water
temperature of 140 [deg]F (60 [deg]C), and
k = conversion factor from lb to g = 453.6 g/lb.
2.6.1.2 Main Wash Detergent Dosing. Determine the quantity of
dry main wash detergent, Dmw, in grams (g) that results
in 0.25 percent concentration by mass in the main wash fill water
as:
Dmw = Vmw x [rho] x k x 0.25/100
where,
Vmw = the main wash fill volume of water in gallons,
and [rho] and k are defined in Section 2.5.1.1 of this appendix.
For dishwashers that do not have a direct water line, the
Vmw is equal to the manufacturer reported water capacity
used in the main wash stage of the test cycle.
2.6.2 Detergent Dosing for Water Re-use System Dishwashers. Use
the same detergent dosing requirement as specified in Section 2.10.2
of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2.7 Connected functionality.
For dishwashers that can communicate through a network (e.g.,
Bluetooth[supreg] or internet connection), disable all network
functions that can be disabled by means provided in the
manufacturer's user manual, for the duration of testing. If network
functions cannot be disabled by means provided in the manufacturer's
user manual, conduct the standby power test with network function in
the ``as-shipped'' condition.
2.8 Evaluation Room Lighting Conditions.
The lighting setup in the evaluation room where the test load is
scored shall be according to the requirements specified in Section
5.10 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
3. Instrumentation
For this test procedure, the test instruments are to be
calibrated annually according to the specifications in Sections 3.1
through 3.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020, including the applicable provisions
of IEC 62301 as referenced in Section 3.6 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
Additionally, the following requirements are also applicable.
3.1 Water meter.
The water meter requirements described in Section 3.3 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers that
do not have a direct water line. For such dishwashers these water
meter conditions do not apply and water is added manually pursuant
to Section 2.1.1 of this appendix.
3.2 Water pressure gauge.
The water pressure gauge requirements described in Section 3.4
of AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water line. For such
dishwashers these water pressure gauge conditions do not apply and
water is added manually pursuant to Section 2.1.1 of this appendix.
4. Test Cycle and Measurements
The test cycle and measurement specifications in Sections 4.1
through 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020 and the scoring specifications in
Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure,
including Section 5.1, note 1, and Section 5.3.2 of IEC 62301 as
referenced in Section 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
4.1 Active mode cycle.
The active mode energy consumption measurement requirements
described in Section 4.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all
dishwashers. Additionally, the following requirements are also
applicable:
a. After the completion of each test cycle (sensor heavy
response, sensor medium response, and sensor light response), the
test load shall be scored according to Section 4.2 of this appendix
and its cleaning index calculated according to Section 5.1 of this
appendix.
b. A test cycle is considered valid if its cleaning index is 65
or higher; otherwise, the test cycle is invalid and the data from
that test run is discarded.
c. For soil-sensing dishwashers, if the test cycle at any soil
load is invalid, clean the dishwasher filter according to
manufacturer's instructions and repeat the test at that soil load on
the most energy-intensive cycle (determined as provided in Section
4.1.1 of this appendix) that achieves a cleaning index of 65 or
higher.
d. For non-soil-sensing dishwashers, perform testing as
described in Sections 4.1.a through 4.1.c of this appendix, except
that, if a test cycle at a given soil load meets the cleaning index
threshold criteria of 65 when tested on the normal cycle, no further
testing is required for test cycles at lesser soil loads.
4.1.1 Determination of most energy-intensive cycle.
To determine the most energy-intensive cycle, ensure the filter
is cleaned as specified in the manufacturer's instructions and test
each available cycle type, selecting the default cycle options for
that cycle type. In the absence of manufacturer recommendations on
washing and drying temperature options, the highest energy
consumption options must be selected. Following the completion of
each test cycle, the machine electrical energy consumption and water
consumption shall be measured according to Section 4.1.1 and 4.1.4
of AHAM DW-1-2020, respectively. The total cycle energy consumption,
EMEI, of each tested cycle type shall be calculated
according to Section 5.2 of this appendix. The most energy-intensive
cycle is the cycle type with the highest value of EMEI.
For standard dishwashers, test each cycle with a clean load of
eight place settings plus six serving pieces, as specified in
Section 2.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020. For compact dishwashers, test each
cycle with a clean load of four place settings plus six serving
pieces, as specified in Section 2.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020. If the
capacity of the dishwasher, as stated by the manufacturer, is less
than four place settings, then the test load must be the stated
capacity.
4.1.2 Water consumption.
The water consumption requirements described in Section 4.1.4 of
AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers
that do not have a direct water line. For such dishwashers these
water consumption measurement requirements do not apply and water
consumption, V, is the value reported by the manufacturer.
4.2 Scoring
Following the termination of an active mode test, each item in
the test load shall be scored on a scale from 0 to 9 according to
the instructions in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
The calculations in Section 5.1 through 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020
and Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure.
The following additional requirements are also applicable:
a. In Sections 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, and 5.7
of AHAM DW-1-2020, use N = 215 cycles/year in place of N = 184
cycles/year.
b. In Section 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020, use SLP = 8,465 for
dishwashers that are not capable of operating in fan-only mode.
c. For both soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers, use
the equations specified for soil-sensing dishwashers.
d. If a non-soil-sensing dishwasher is not tested at a certain
soil load as specified in Section 4.1.d of this appendix, use the
energy and water consumption values of the preceding soil load when
calculating the weighted average energy and water consumption values
(i.e., if the sensor medium response and sensor light response tests
on the normal cycle are not conducted, use the values of the sensor
heavy response test for all three soil loads; if only the sensor
light response test is not conducted, use the values of the sensor
medium response test for the sensor light response test).
e. For dishwashers that do not have a direct water line, water
consumption is equal to the volume of water use in the test cycle,
as specified by the manufacturer.
f. In Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4 of AHAM
DW-1-2020, use (C/e) in place of K.
5.1 Cleaning Index.
Determine the per-cycle cleaning index for each test cycle using
the equation in Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
5.2 Calculation for determination of the most energy-intensive
cycle type.
The total cycle energy consumption for the determination of the
most energy-intensive cycle specified in Section 4.1.1 of this
appendix is calculated for each tested cycle type as:
EMEI = M + EF - (ED/2) + W
where,
M = per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, expressed in
kilowatt hours per cycle,
EF = fan-only mode electrical energy consumption, if
available on the tested cycle type, expressed in kilowatt hours per
cycle,
ED = drying energy consumed using the power-dry feature
after the termination of the last rinse option of the tested cycle
[[Page 72775]]
type, if available on the tested cycle type, expressed in kilowatt
hours per cycle, and
W = water energy consumption and is defined as:
V x T x K, for dishwashers using electrically heated water, and
V x T x C/e, for dishwashers using gas-heated or oil-heated water.
Additionally,
V = water consumption in gallons per cycle,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise and is equal to 90 [deg]F
for dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 [deg]F inlet water
temperature, and 70 [deg]F for dishwashers that operate with a
nominal 120 [deg]F inlet water temperature,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit = 0.0024,
C = specific heat of water in Btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit
= 8.2, and
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency = 0.75.
5.3 Calculation of cycle duration.
The cycle duration, t, expressed in hours, is calculated as:
t = (thr x Fhr) + (tmr x
Fmr) + (tlr x Flr)
where,
thr = the duration of the sensor heavy response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
tmr = the duration of the sensor medium response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
tlr = the duration of the sensor light response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
Fhr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of heavy
response = 0.05,
Fmr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of
medium response = 0.33, and
Flr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of light
response = 0.62.
0
5. Appendix C2 to subpart B of part 430 is added to read as follows:
Appendix C2 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
Note: Manufacturers must use the results of testing under this
appendix C2 to determine compliance with any standards for
dishwashers provided in Sec. 430.32(f)(1) that are published after
January 1, 2021. Representations related to energy or water
consumption must be made in accordance with the appropriate appendix
that applies (i.e., appendix C1 or appendix C2) when determining
compliance with the relevant standard. Manufacturers may also use
appendix C2 to certify compliance with any amended standards prior
to the applicable compliance date for those standards.
0. Incorporation by Reference
DOE incorporated by reference in Sec. 430.3, AHAM DW-1-2020,
AHAM DW-2-2020, and IEC 62301 in their entirety. The following
enumerated provisions of AHAM DW-1-2020, AHAM DW-2-2020, and IEC
62301 are applicable to this appendix, as follows:
(1) AHAM DW-1-2020: Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Dishwashers
(i) Sections 1.1 through 1.30 as referenced in section 1 of this
appendix;
(ii) Section 2.1 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.1 of this
appendix;
(iii) Sections 2.2 through 2.3.3, sections 2.5 and 2.7, sections
2.7.2 through 2.8, and section 2.11, as referenced in section 2 of
this appendix;
(iv) Section 2.4 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.2 of this
appendix;
(v) Section 2.6.3 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.3 of this
appendix;
(vi) Section 2.7.1 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.4 of this
appendix;
(vii) Section 2.9 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.5 of this
appendix;
(viii) Section 2.10 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.6 of this
appendix;
(ix) Sections 3.1 through 3.2 and sections 3.5 through 3.7 as
referenced in section 3 of this appendix;
(x) Section 3.3 as referenced in sections 3 and 3.1 of this
appendix;
(xi) Section 3.4 as referenced in sections 3 and 3.2 of this
appendix;
(xii) Section 4.1 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.1 of this
appendix;
(xiii) Section 4.1.4 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.1.2 of
this appendix; and
(xiv) Section 5 as referenced in section 5 of this appendix.
(2) AHAM DW-2-2020: Household Electric Dishwashers
(i) Section 5.10 as referenced in sections 2 and 2.8 of this
appendix;
(ii) Sections 5.10.1 as referenced in sections 4 and 4.2 of this
appendix; and
(iii) Section 5.12.3.2 as referenced in sections 5 and 5.1 of
this appendix.
(3) IEC 62301: Household Electrical Appliances--Measurement of Standby
Power
(i) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 as referenced in section 2 of
this appendix; and
(ii) Sections 5.1, note 1, and 5.3.2 as referenced in section 4
of this appendix.
1. Definitions
The definitions in Sections 1.1 through 1.30 of AHAM DW-1-2020
apply to this test procedure, including the applicable provisions of
AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in Sections 1.5, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, and
1.22 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2. Testing Conditions
The testing conditions in Section 2.1 through 2.11 of AHAM DW-1-
2020, except Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, and the testing conditions in
Section 5.10 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure,
including the following provisions of:
(1) Sections 4.2, 4.3.2, and 5.2 of IEC 62301 as referenced in
Sections 2.1, 2.2.4, and 2.5.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020, respectively, and
(2) Sections 5.3 through 5.8 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in
Sections 2.6.3.1, 2.6.3.2, and 2.6.3.3; Section 3.4 of AHAM DW-2-
2020, excluding the accompanying Note, as referenced in Section
2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020; Section 5.4 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced
in Section 2.7.4 of AHAM DW-1-2020; Section 5.5 of AHAM DW-2-2020 as
referenced in Section 2.7.5 of AHAM DW-1-2020, and Section 4.1 of
AHAM DW-2-2020 as referenced in Section 2.10.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
Additionally, the following requirements are also applicable.
2.1 Installation Requirements.
The installation requirements described in Section 2.1 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers, with the following
additions:
2.1.1 In-Sink Dishwashers.
For in-sink dishwashers, the requirements pertaining to the
rectangular enclosure for under-counter or under-sink dishwashers
are not applicable. For such dishwashers, the rectangular enclosure
must consist of a front, a back, two sides, and a bottom. The front,
back, and sides of the enclosure must be brought into the closest
contact with the appliance that the configuration of the dishwasher
will allow. The height of the enclosure shall be as specified in the
manufacturer's instructions for installation height. If no
instructions are provided, the enclosure height shall be 36 inches.
The dishwasher must be installed from the top and mounted to the
edges of the enclosure.
2.1.2 Dishwashers without a Direct Water Line.
Manually fill the built-in water reservoir to the full capacity
reported by the manufacturer, using water at a temperature in
accordance with Section 2.3 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
2.2 Water pressure.
The water pressure requirements described in Section 2.4 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers that
do not have a direct water line.
2.3 Non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing dishwashers to be tested
at a nominal inlet temperature of 50 [deg]F, 120 [deg]F, or 140
[deg]F.
The test load and soiling requirements for all non-soil-sensing
and soil-sensing dishwashers shall be the same as those requirements
specified in Section 2.6.3 of AHAM DW-1-2020 for soil-sensing
dishwashers. Additionally, both non-soil-sensing and soil-sensing
compact dishwashers that have a capacity of less than four place
settings shall be tested at the rated capacity of the dishwasher and
the test load shall be soiled as follows at each soil load:
a. Heavy soil load: Soil two-thirds of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is greater;
b. Medium soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller;
c. Light soil load: Soil one-quarter of the place settings,
excluding flatware and serving pieces (rounded up to the nearest
integer) or one place setting, whichever is smaller, using half the
quantity of soils specified for one place setting.
2.4 Test load items.
The test load items described in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020
apply to this test procedure, including the applicable provisions of
AHAM DW-2-2020, as referenced in Section 2.7.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020.
The following test load items may be used in the alternative.
[[Page 72776]]
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Dishware/glassware/ flatware Alternate Alternate
item Primary source Description Primary No. source source No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dinner Plate................. Corning 10 inch Dinner 6003893
Comcor[supreg]/ Plate.
Corelle[supreg].
Bread and Butter Plate....... Corning 6.75 inch Bread 6003887 Arzberg........ 8500217100 or
Comcor[supreg]/ & Butter. 2000-00001-021
Corelle[supreg]. 7-1
Fruit Bowl................... Corning 10 oz. Dessert 6003899 Arzberg........ 3820513100
Comcor[supreg]/ Bowl.
Corelle[supreg].
Cup.......................... Corning 8 oz. Ceramic 6014162 Arzberg........ 1382-00001-4732
Comcor[supreg]/ Cup.
Corelle[supreg].
Saucer....................... Corning 6 inch Saucer.. 6010972 Arzberg........ 1382-00001-4731
Comcor[supreg]/
Corelle[supreg].
Serving Bowl................. Corning 1 qt. Serving 6003911
Comcor[supreg]/ Bowl.
Corelle[supreg].
Platter...................... Corning 9.5 inch Oval 6011655
Comcor[supreg]/ Platter.
Corelle[supreg].
Glass--Iced Tea.............. Libbey.......... ............... 551 HT
Flatware--Knife.............. Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2619KPVF WMF--Gastro 12.0803.6047
Accent. 0800.
Flatware--Dinner Fork........ Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2619FRSF WMF--Signum 12.1905.6040
Accent. 1900.
Flatware--Salad Fork......... Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2619FSLF WMF--Signum 12.1964.6040
Accent. 1900.
Flatware--Teaspoon........... Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2619STSF WMF--Signum 12.1910.6040
Accent. 1900.
Flatware--Serving Fork....... Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2865FCM WMF--Signum 12.1902.6040
Flight. 1900.
Flatware--Serving Spoon...... Oneida[supreg]-- ............... 2619STBF WMF--Signum 12.1904.6040
Accent. 1900.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.5 Preconditioning requirements
The preconditioning requirements described in Section 2.9 of
AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except the
measurement of the prewash fill water volume, Vpw, if
any, and measurement of the main wash fill water volume,
Vmw, are not required.
2.6 Detergent.
The detergent requirements described in Section 2.10 of AHAM DW-
1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers. For any dishwasher that
does not have a detergent compartment, place the detergent directly
into the dishwasher chamber.
2.7 Connected functionality.
For dishwashers that can communicate through a network (e.g.,
Bluetooth[supreg] or internet connection), disable all network
functions that can be disabled by means provided in the
manufacturer's user manual, for the duration of testing. If network
functions cannot be disabled by means provided in the manufacturer's
user manual, conduct the standby power test with network function in
the ``as-shipped'' condition.
2.8 Evaluation Room Lighting Conditions.
The lighting setup in the evaluation room where the test load is
scored shall be according to the requirements specified in Section
5.10 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
3. Instrumentation
For this test procedure, the test instruments are to be
calibrated annually according to the specifications in Section 3.1
through 3.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020, including the applicable provisions
of IEC as referenced in Section 3.6 of AHAM DW-1-2020. Additionally,
the following requirements are also applicable.
3.1 Water meter.
The water meter requirements described in Section 3.3 of AHAM
DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers that
do not have a direct water line. For such dishwashers these water
meter conditions do not apply and water is added manually pursuant
to Section 2.1.1 of this appendix.
3.2 Water pressure gauge.
The water pressure gauge requirements described in Section 3.4
of AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except
dishwashers that do not have a direct water line. For such
dishwashers these water pressure gauge conditions do not apply and
water is added manually pursuant to Section 2.1.1 of this appendix.
4. Test Cycle and Measurements
The test cycle and measurement specifications in Sections 4.1
through 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020 and the scoring specifications in
Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure,
including Section 5.1, note 1, and Section 5.3.2 of IEC 62301 as
referenced in Section 4.2 of AHAM DW-1-2020. Additionally, the
following requirements are also applicable.
4.2 Active mode cycle.
The active mode energy consumption measurement requirements
described in Section 4.1 of AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all
dishwashers. Additionally, the following requirements are also
applicable:
a. After the completion of each test cycle (sensor heavy
response, sensor medium response, and sensor light response), the
test load shall be scored according to Section 4.2 of this appendix
and its cleaning index calculated according to Section 5.1 of this
appendix.
b. A test cycle is considered valid if its cleaning index is 65
or higher; otherwise, the test cycle is invalid and the data from
that test run is discarded.
c. For soil-sensing dishwashers, if the test cycle at any soil
load is invalid, clean the dishwasher filter according to
manufacturer's instructions and repeat the test at that soil load on
the most energy-intensive cycle (determined as provided in Section
4.1.1 of this appendix) that achieves a cleaning index of 65 or
higher.
d. For non-soil-sensing dishwashers, perform testing as
described in Section 4.1.a through 4.1.c of this appendix, except
that, if a test cycle at a given soil load meets the cleaning index
threshold criteria of 65 when tested on the normal cycle, no further
testing is required for test cycles at lesser soil loads.
4.1.1 Determination of most energy-intensive cycle.
To determine the most energy-intensive cycle, ensure the filter
is cleaned as specified in the manufacturer's instructions and test
each available cycle type, selecting the default cycle options for
that cycle type. In the absence of manufacturer recommendations on
washing and drying temperature options, the highest energy
consumption options must be selected. Following the completion of
each test cycle, the machine electrical energy consumption and water
consumption shall be measured according to Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.4
of AHAM DW-1-2020, respectively. The total cycle energy consumption,
EMEI, of each tested cycle type shall be calculated
according to Section 5.2 of this appendix. The most energy-intensive
cycle is the cycle type with the highest value of EMEI.
For standard dishwashers, test each cycle with a clean load of
eight place settings plus six serving pieces, as specified in
Section 2.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020. For compact dishwashers, test each
cycle with a clean load of four place settings plus six serving
pieces, as specified in Section 2.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020. If the
capacity of the dishwasher, as stated by the manufacturer, is less
than four place settings, then the test load must be the stated
capacity.
4.1.2 Water consumption.
The water consumption requirements described in Section 4.1.4 of
AHAM DW-1-2020 are applicable to all dishwashers except dishwashers
that do not have a direct water line. For such dishwashers these
water consumption measurement requirements do not apply and water
consumption, V, is the value reported by the manufacturer.
4.2 Scoring.
Following the termination of an active mode test, each item in
the test load shall be scored on a scale from 0 to 9 according to
the instructions in Section 5.10.1 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
The calculations in Sections 5.1 through 5.7 of AHAM DW-1-2020
and Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020 apply to this test procedure.
The following additional requirements are also applicable:
a. For both soil-sensing and non-soil-sensing dishwashers, use
the equations specified for soil-sensing dishwashers.
[[Page 72777]]
b. If a non-soil-sensing dishwasher is not tested at a certain
soil load as specified in Section 4.1.d of this appendix, use the
energy and water consumption values of the preceding soil load when
calculating the weighted average energy and water consumption values
(i.e., if the sensor medium response and sensor light response tests
on the normal cycle are not conducted, use the values of the sensor
heavy response test for all three soil loads; if only the sensor
light response test is not conducted, use the values of the sensor
medium response test for the sensor light response test).
c. For dishwashers that do not have a direct water line, water
consumption is equal to the volume of water use in the test cycle,
as specified by the manufacturer.
d. In Sections 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 5.6.2.3, and 5.6.2.4 of AHAM
DW-1-2020, use (C/e) in place of K.
5.1 Cleaning Index.
Determine the per-cycle cleaning index for each test cycle using
the equation in Section 5.12.3.2 of AHAM DW-2-2020.
5.2 Calculation for determination of the most energy-intensive
cycle type.
The total cycle energy consumption for the determination of the
most energy-intensive cycle specified in Section 4.1.1 of this
appendix is calculated for each tested cycle type as:
EMEI = M + EF - (ED/2) + W
where,
M = per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, expressed in
kilowatt hours per cycle,
EF = fan-only mode electrical energy consumption, if
available on the tested cycle type, expressed in kilowatt hours per
cycle,
ED = drying energy consumed using the power-dry feature
after the termination of the last rinse option of the tested cycle
type, if available on the tested cycle type, expressed in kilowatt
hours per cycle, and
W = water energy consumption and is defined as:
V x T x K, for dishwashers using electrically heated water, and
V x T x C/e, for dishwashers using gas-heated or oil-heated water.
Additionally,
V = water consumption in gallons per cycle,
T = nominal water heater temperature rise and is equal to 90
[deg]F for dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 [deg]F inlet
water temperature, and 70 [deg]F for dishwashers that operate with a
nominal 120 [deg]F inlet water temperature,
K = specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit = 0.0024,
C = specific heat of water in Btu's per gallon per degree Fahrenheit
= 8.2, and
e = nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency = 0.75.
5.3 Calculation of cycle duration.
The cycle duration, t, expressed in hours, is calculated as:
t = (thr x Fhr) + (tmr x
Fmr) + (tlr x Flr)
where,
thr = the duration of the sensor heavy response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
tmr = the duration of the sensor medium response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
tlr = the duration of the sensor light response cycle
including the power-dry feature,
Fhr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of heavy
response = 0.05,
Fmr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of
medium response = 0.33, and
Flr = the weighting factor based on consumer use of light
response = 0.62.
0
6. Section 430.32 is amended by revising paragraph (f)(1) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.32 Energy and water conservation standards and their
compliance dates.
* * * * *
(f) Dishwashers. (1) All dishwashers manufactured on or after May
30, 2013, shall meet the following standard--
(i) Standard size dishwashers shall not exceed 307 kwh/year and 5.0
gallons per cycle. Standard size dishwashers have a capacity equal to
or greater than eight place settings plus six serving pieces as
specified in AHAM DW-1-2020 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
430.3) using the test load specified in section 2.4 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 in subpart B of this part, as applicable.
(ii) Compact size dishwashers shall not exceed 222 kwh/year and 3.5
gallons per cycle. Compact size dishwashers have a capacity less than
eight place settings plus six serving pieces as specified in AHAM DW-1-
2020 using the test load specified in section 2.4 of appendix C1 or
appendix C2 in subpart B of this part, as applicable.
(iii) Standard size dishwashers with a ``normal cycle'', as defined
in AHAM DW-1-2020, of 60 minutes or less are not currently subject to
energy or water conservation standards. Standard size dishwashers have
a capacity equal to or greater than eight place settings plus six
serving pieces as specified in AHAM DW-1-2020 using the test load
specified in section 2.4 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 in subpart B of
this part, as applicable. ``Normal cycle'' duration is determined
according to section 5.3 of appendix C1 or appendix C2 in subpart B of
this part, as applicable.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2021-26880 Filed 12-21-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
