Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Circulator Pumps, 72096-72144 [2021-25414]
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 / Proposed Rules
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE–2016–BT–TP–0033]
RIN 1904–AD77
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedure for Circulator Pumps
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking
and request for comment.
AGENCY:
The U.S. Department of
Energy (‘‘DOE’’) proposes to establish
definitions, a test procedure, sampling
and rating requirements, and
enforcement provisions for circulator
pumps. Currently, circulator pumps are
not subject to DOE test procedures or
energy conservation standards. DOE
proposes a test procedure for measuring
the circulator energy index for circulator
pumps. The proposed test method
references the relevant industry test
standard. The proposed definitions and
test procedures are based on the
recommendations of the Circulator
Pump Working Group, which was
established under the Appliance
Standards Rulemaking Federal Advisory
Committee. DOE is seeking comment
from interested parties on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data,
and information regarding this proposal
no later than February 18, 2022. See
section V ‘‘Public Participation,’’ for
details. DOE will hold a webinar on
Wednesday, February 2, 2022, from
12:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. See section V,
‘‘Public Participation,’’ for webinar
registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the
capabilities available to webinar
participants. If no participants register
for the webinar, it will be cancelled.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are
encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
Alternatively, interested persons may
submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE–2016–BT–TP–0033, by
any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal:
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: to
CirculatorPumps2016TP0033@
ee.doe.gov. Include docket number
EERE–2016–BT–TP–0033 in the subject
line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (‘‘faxes’’) will be
accepted. For detailed instructions on
submitting comments and additional
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SUMMARY:
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information on this process, see section
V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted
public comment submissions through a
variety of mechanisms, including the
Federal eRulemaking Portal, email,
postal mail, or hand delivery/courier,
the Department has found it necessary
to make temporary modifications to the
comment submission process in light of
the ongoing coronavirus 2019 (‘‘COVID–
19’’) pandemic. DOE is currently
suspending receipt of public comments
via postal mail and hand delivery/
courier. If a commenter finds that this
change poses an undue hardship, please
contact Appliance Standards Program
staff at (202) 586–1445 to discuss the
need for alternative arrangements. Once
the COVID–19 pandemic health
emergency is resolved, DOE anticipates
resuming all of its regular options for
public comment submission, including
postal mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts (if a public
meeting is held), comments, and other
supporting documents/materials, is
available for review at
www.regulations.gov. All documents in
the docket are listed in the
www.regulations.gov index. However,
some documents listed in the index,
such as those containing information
that is exempt from public disclosure,
may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at
www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE2016-BT-STD-0004. The docket web
page contains instructions on how to
access all documents, including public
comments, in the docket. See section V
for information on how to submit
comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC, 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
9870. Email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC, 20585–0121.
Telephone: 202–586–2588. Email:
Amelia.Whiting@hq.doe.gov.
For further information on how to
submit a comment, review other public
comments and the docket, or participate
in the public meeting, contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards
Program staff at (202) 287–1445 or by
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email: ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference the
following industry standard into part
431:
Hydraulic Institute (‘‘HI’’) 40.6–2021,
(‘‘HI 40.6–2021’’) ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing’’.
Copies of HI 40.6–2021 can be
obtained from: the Hydraulic Institute at
6 Campus Drive, First Floor North,
Parsippany, NJ 07054–4406, (973) 267–
9700, or by visiting: www.Pumps.org.
For a further discussion of this
standard, see section IV.M. of this
document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. General Comments
B. Scope and Definitions
1. CPWG Recommendations
2. Definition of Circulator Pump
3. Definition of Circulator Pump Varieties
4. Definition of Circulator-Less-Volute and
Header Pump
5. Definition of On-Demand Circulator
Pumps
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on
Pump Configuration
7. Basic Model
C. Rating Metric
D. Test Methods for Different Circulator
Pump Categories and Control Varieties
1. Definitions Related to Circulator Pump
Control Varieties
2. Reference System Curve
3. Pressure Control
4. Temperature Control
5. Manual Speed Control
6. External Input Signal Control
7. No Controls
E. Determination of Circulator Pump
Performance
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6–
2021
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions
to HI 40.6–2021
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain
Sections of HI 40.6–2021
b. Testing Twin Head Circulator Pumps
and Circulators-Less-Volute
c. Determination of Circulator Pump Driver
Power Input at Specified Flow Rates
d. Calculation and Rounding Modifications
and Additions
3. Rated Hydraulic Horsepower
F. Sampling Plan and Enforcement
Provisions for Circulator Pumps
1. Sampling Plan
2. Enforcement Provisions
G. Representations of Energy Use and
Energy Efficiency
H. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
a. Estimated Capital Costs for Testing
Circulator Pumps
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b. Between Estimated Labor Costs for
Testing Circulator Pumps
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
I. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
1. Description of Why Action Is Being
Considered
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Description and Estimate of Small
Entities Regulated
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance
Requirements
5. Duplication Overlap, and Conflict With
Other Rules and Regulations
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
M. Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
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I. Authority and Background
Pumps are included in the list of
‘‘covered equipment’’ for which DOE is
authorized to establish test procedures
and energy conservation standards. (42
U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) Circulator pumps,
which are the subject of this notice of
proposed rulemaking (‘‘NOPR’’), are a
category of pumps. Circulator pumps
generally are designed to circulate water
in commercial and residential
applications. Circulator pumps do not
include dedicated-purpose pool pumps,
for which test procedures and energy
conservation standards are established
in title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (‘‘CFR’’) part 431 subpart Y.
Currently, circulator pumps are not
subject to DOE test procedures or energy
conservation standards. The following
sections discuss DOE’s authority to
establish test procedures for circulator
pumps and relevant background
information regarding DOE’s
consideration of test procedures for this
equipment.
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A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’),1 authorizes
DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of
a number of consumer products and
certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317) Title III, Part C 2 of EPCA,
added by Public Law 95–619, Title IV,
section 441(a) (42 U.S.C. 6311–6317 as
codified), established the Energy
Conservation Program for Certain
Industrial Equipment, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. This
equipment includes pumps, the subject
of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A))
The energy conservation program
under EPCA consists essentially of four
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
Federal energy conservation standards,
and (4) certification and enforcement
procedures. Relevant provisions of
EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C.
6311), test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314),
labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42
U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from
manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316).
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment
must use as the basis for: (1) Certifying
to DOE that their equipment complies
with the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and
(2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C.
6314(d)). Similarly, DOE must use these
test procedures to determine whether
the equipment complies with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency
requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing,
labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a) and 42 U.S.C. 6316(b); 42 U.S.C.
6297) DOE may, however, grant waivers
of Federal preemption for particular
State laws or regulations, in accordance
with the procedures and other
provisions of EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered equipment.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
1 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
2 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part C was redesignated Part A–1.
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section must be reasonably designed to
produce test results which reflect energy
efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a given type of
covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and
requires that test procedures not be
unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
Before prescribing any final test
procedures, the Secretary must publish
proposed test procedures in the Federal
Register and afford interested persons
an opportunity (of not less than 45 days’
duration) to present oral and written
data, views, and arguments on the
proposed test procedures. (42 U.S.C.
6314(b))
DOE is publishing this NOPR in
accordance with the statutory authority
in EPCA.
B. Background
As stated, EPCA includes ‘‘pumps’’
among the industrial equipment listed
as ‘‘covered equipment’’ for the purpose
of Part A–1, although EPCA does not
define the term ‘‘pump.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6311(1)(A)) In a final rule published
January 25, 2016, DOE established a
definition for ‘‘pump,’’ associated
definitions, and test procedures for
certain pumps. 81 FR 4086 (‘‘January
2016 TP final rule’’). ‘‘Pump’’ is defined
as equipment designed to move liquids
(which may include entrained gases,
free solids, and totally dissolved solids)
by physical or mechanical action and
includes a bare pump and, if included
by the manufacturer at the time of sale,
mechanical equipment, driver, and
controls. 10 CFR 431.462. Circulator
pumps fall within the scope of this
definition.
While DOE has defined ‘‘pump’’
broadly, the test procedure established
in the January 2016 TP final rule is
applicable only to certain categories of
clean water pumps,3 specifically those
that are end suction close-coupled; end
suction frame mounted/own bearings;
in-line (‘‘IL’’); radially split, multi-stage,
vertical, in-line diffuser casing; and
submersible turbine (‘‘ST’’) pumps with
the following characteristics:
• 25 gallons per minute (‘‘gpm’’) and
greater (at best efficiency point (‘‘BEP’’)
at full impeller diameter);
3 A ‘‘clean water pump’’ is a pump that is
designed for use in pumping water with a
maximum non-absorbent free solid content of 0.016
pounds per cubic foot, and with a maximum
dissolved solid content of 3.1 pounds per cubic
foot, provided that the total gas content of the water
does not exceed the saturation volume, and
disregarding any additives necessary to prevent the
water from freezing at a minimum of 14 °F. 10 CFR
431.462.
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• 459 feet of head maximum (at BEP
at full impeller diameter and the
number of stages specified for testing);
• design temperature range from 14 to
248 °F;
• designed to operate with either (1)
a 2- or 4-pole induction motor, or (2) a
non-induction motor with a speed of
rotation operating range that includes
speeds of rotation between 2,880 and
4,320 revolutions per minute (‘‘rpm’’)
and/or 1,440 and 2,160 rpm, and in
either case, the driver and impeller must
rotate at the same speed;
• 6-inch or smaller bowl diameter for
ST pumps;
• A specific speed less than or equal
to 5,000 for ESCC and ESFM pumps;
• Except for: Fire pumps, self-priming
pumps, prime-assist pumps, magnet
driven pumps, pumps designed to be
used in a nuclear facility subject to 10
CFR part 50, ‘‘Domestic Licensing of
Production and Utilization Facilities’’;
and pumps meeting the design and
construction requirements set forth in
any relevant military specifications. 4
10 CFR 431.464(a)(1). The pump
categories subject to the current test
procedures are referred to as ‘‘general
pumps’’ in this document. As stated,
circulator pumps are not general pumps.
DOE also published a final rule
establishing energy conservation
standards applicable to certain classes
of general pumps. 81 FR 4368 (Jan. 26,
2016) (‘‘January 2016 ECS final rule’’);
see also, 10 CFR 431.465.
The January 2016 TP final rule and
the January 2016 ECS final rule
implemented the recommendations of
the Commercial and Industrial Pump
Working Group (‘‘CIPWG’’) established
through the Appliance Standards
Rulemaking Federal Advisory
Committee (‘‘ASRAC’’) to negotiate
standards and a test procedure for
general pumps. (Docket No. EERE–
2013–BT–NOC–0039) The CIPWG
approved a term sheet containing
recommendations to DOE on
appropriate standard levels for general
pumps, as well as recommendations
addressing issues related to the metric
and test procedure for general pumps
(‘‘CIPWG recommendations’’). (Docket
No. EERE–2013–BT–NOC–0039, No. 92)
4 E.g., MIL–P–17639F, ‘‘Pumps, Centrifugal,
Miscellaneous Service, Naval Shipboard Use’’ (as
amended); MIL–P–17881D, ‘‘Pumps, Centrifugal,
Boiler Feed, (Multi-Stage)’’ (as amended); MIL–P–
17840C, ‘‘Pumps, Centrifugal, Close-Coupled, Navy
Standard (For Surface Ship Application)’’ (as
amended); MIL–P–18682D, ‘‘Pump, Centrifugal,
Main Condenser Circulating, Naval Shipboard’’ (as
amended); and MIL–P–18472G, ‘‘Pumps,
Centrifugal, Condensate, Feed Booster, Waste Heat
Boiler, And Distilling Plant’’ (as amended). Military
specifications and standards are available at https://
everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS.
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Subsequently, ASRAC approved the
CIPWG recommendations. The CIPWG
recommendations included initiation of
a separate rulemaking for circulator
pumps. (Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–
NOC–0039, No. 92, Recommendation
#5A at p. 2)
On February 3, 2016, DOE issued a
notice of intent to establish the
circulator pumps working group to
negotiate a notice of proposed
rulemaking (‘‘NOPR’’) for energy
conservation standards for circulator
pumps to negotiate, if possible, Federal
standards and a test procedure for
circulator pumps and to announce the
first public meeting. 81 FR 5658. The
members of the Circulator Pump
Working Group (‘‘CPWG’’) were selected
to ensure a broad and balanced array of
interested parties and expertise,
including representatives from
efficiency advocacy organizations and
manufacturers. Additionally, one
member from ASRAC and one DOE
representative were part of the CPWG.
Table I.1 lists the 15 members of the
CPWG and their affiliations.
TABLE I.1—ASRAC CIRCULATOR
PUMP WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
AND AFFILIATIONS
Member
Affiliation
Charles White ..
Plumbing-Heating-Cooling
Contractors Association.
Armstrong Pumps, Inc.
California Investor-Owned
Utilities.
Appliance Standards
Awareness Project.
U.S. Department of Energy.
Air-Conditioning, Heating,
and Refrigeration Institute.
Natural Resources Defense
Council.
TACO, Inc.
Xylem Inc.
Hydraulic Institute.
Grundfos Americas Corporation.
Wilo Inc.
Rheem Manufacturing
Company.
Nidec Motor Corporation.
Northwest Power and Conservation Council
(ASRAC member).
Gabor Lechner
Gary Fernstrom
Joanna Mauer
Joe Hagerman
Laura PetrilloGroh.
Lauren Urbanek
Mark Chaffee ...
Mark Handzel ..
Peter Gaydon ..
Richard
Gussert.
David Bortolon
Russell Pate ....
Don Lanser ......
Tom Eckman ...
The CPWG commenced negotiations
at an open meeting on March 29, 2016,
and held six additional meetings to
discuss scope, metrics, and the test
procedure. The CPWG concluded its
negotiations for test procedure topics on
September 7, 2016, with a consensus
vote to approve a term sheet containing
recommendations to DOE on scope,
definitions, metric, and the basis of the
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test procedure (‘‘September 2016 CPWG
Recommendations’’). The September
2016 CPWG Recommendations are
available in the CPWG docket. (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58)
The CPWG continued to meet to
address potential energy conservation
standards for circulator pumps. Those
meetings began on November 3–4, 2016
and concluded on November 30, 2016,
with approval of a second term sheet
(‘‘November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations’’) containing CPWG
recommendations related to energy
conservation standards, applicable test
procedure, labeling and certification
requirements for circulator pumps.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 98) ASRAC subsequently voted
unanimously to approve the September
and November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations during a December
meeting. (Docket No. EERE–2013–BT–
NOC–0005, No. 91 at p. 2) 5
In a letter dated June 9, 2017,
Hydraulic Institute (‘‘HI’’) expressed its
support for the process that DOE
initiated regarding circulator pumps and
encouraged the publishing of a NOPR
and a final rule by the end of 2017.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
HI, No.103 at p. 1) In response to an
early assessment review RFI published
September 28, 2020 regarding the
existing test procedures for general
pumps (85 FR 60734, ‘‘September 2020
Early Assessment RFI’’), HI commented
that it continues to support the
recommendations from the CPWG.
(Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–TP–0032,
HI, No. 6 at p. 1) NEEA also referenced
the September 2016 CPWG
Recommendations and recommended
that DOE adopt test procedures for
circulator pumps in the pumps
rulemaking or a separate rulemaking.
(Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–TP–0032,
NEEA, No. 8 at p. 8)
On May 7, 2021, DOE published a
request for information related to test
procedures and energy conservation
standards for circulator pumps and
small vertical in-line pumps. 86 FR
24516 (‘‘May 2021 RFI’’). DOE received
a number of comments in response to
the May 2021 RFI. Table I.2 lists the
commenters along with each
commenter’s abbreviated name used
throughout this NOPR. Discussion of the
5 All references in this document to the approved
recommendations included in 2016 Term Sheets are
noted with the recommendation number and a
citation to the appropriate document in the CPWG
docket (e.g., Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. #, Recommendation #X at p. Y). References to
discussions or suggestions of the CPWG not found
in the 2016 Term Sheets include a citation to
meeting transcripts and the commenter, if
applicable (e.g., Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–
0004, [Organization], No. X at p. Y).
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relevant comments, and DOE’s
responses, are provided in the
appropriate sections of this document.
A parenthetical reference at the end of
a comment quotation or paraphrase
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provides the location of the item in the
public record. 6
TABLE I.2—WRITTEN COMMENTS RECEIVED IN RESPONSE TO MAY 2021 RFI
Commenter(s)
Reference in this NOPR
Commenter type
Hydraulic Institute ......................................................................................................................
People’s Republic of China .......................................................................................................
Grundfos Americas Corporation ................................................................................................
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Natural Resources Defense Council.
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance .......................................................................................
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern California
Edison; collectively, the California Investor-Owned Utilities.
Anonymous Commenter ............................................................................................................
HI ..................................
China ............................
Grundfos .......................
Advocates .....................
Trade Association.
Country.
Manufacturer.
Efficiency Organization.
NEEA ............................
CA IOUs .......................
Efficiency Organization.
Utility.
N/A ................................
Anonymous 7.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
establish in subpart Y to 10 CFR part
431 a test procedure that includes
methods to (1) measure the performance
of the covered equipment and (2) use
the measured results to calculate a
circulator energy index (‘‘CEI’’) to
represent the weighted average electric
input power to the driver over a
specified load profile, normalized with
respect to a circulator pump serving the
same hydraulic load that has a specified
minimum performance level.8 The
proposed test procedure and metric are
similar in concept to the test procedure
and metric established in subpart Y to
10 CFR part 431 for general pumps.
DOE’s proposed test method for
circulator pumps includes
measurements of head, flow rate, and
driver power input, all of which are
required to calculate CEI, as well as
other quantities to characterize the rated
circulator pump performance (e.g.,
pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower), speed, wire-to-water
efficiency). For consistent and uniform
measurement of these values, DOE
proposes to incorporate the test methods
established in HI 40.6–2021, ‘‘Methods
for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency
Testing,’’ with certain exceptions. DOE
reviewed the relevant sections of HI
40.6–2021 and determined that HI 40.6–
2021, in conjunction with the additional
test methods and calculations proposed
in this test procedure, would produce
test results that reflect the energy
efficiency, energy use, or estimated
operating costs of a circulator pump
during a representative average use
cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE also
reviewed the burdens associated with
conducting the proposed circulator
pump test procedure, including HI
40.6–2021, and, based on the results of
such analysis, found that the proposed
test procedure would not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(2)) DOE’s analysis of the
burdens associated with the proposed
test procedure is presented in section
III.H.1 of this document.
DOE also considered HI 41.5–2021,
‘‘Hydraulic Institute Program Guideline
for Circulator Pump Energy Rating
Program,’’ which defines the
requirements to participate in and list
circulator pumps in the Hydraulic
Institute Energy Rating Program and
which references HI 40.6–2021 while
providing additional instructions for
testing circulator pumps to determine
an Energy Rating value. In response to
the May 2021 RFI, HI recommended that
DOE incorporate by reference HI 41.5 as
the test procedure. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2)
DOE has tentatively determined not to
directly incorporate HI 41.5–2021.
Unlike HI 40.6–2021, which is an
industry test standard, HI 41.5–2021 is
a guideline for participation in an
industry program, and includes many
provisions not relevant to DOE. DOE has
preliminarily determined that its
proposed test methods and calculations
that supplement the proposed
incorporation by reference of HI 40.6–
2021, as discussed in sections III.D and
III.E.2.c, are consistent with HI 41.5–
2021.
This NOPR also proposes
requirements regarding the sampling
plan and representations for circulator
pumps at subpart B of part 429 of Title
10 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
The sampling plan requirements are
similar to those established for general
pumps. DOE also proposes provisions
regarding allowable representations of
energy consumption, energy efficiency,
and other relevant metrics
manufacturers may make regarding
circulator pump performance (as
discussed in section III.G of this
document).
Were the proposed test procedure and
associated provisions made final,
manufacturers would not be required to
test according to the DOE test procedure
until such time as compliance is
required with energy conservation
standards for circulator pumps, should
DOE establish such standards. Were
DOE to establish test procedures as
proposed, manufacturers choosing to
make voluntary representations would
be required to test the subject pump
according to the established test
procedure, and any such representations
would have to fairly disclose the results
of such testing.
6 The parenthetical reference provides a reference
for information located in the docket of DOE’s
rulemaking to develop test procedures for circulator
pumps. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The
references are arranged as follows: (commenter
name, comment docket ID number, page of that
document).
7 The Anonymous comment did not substantively
address the subject of this rulemaking.
8 The performance of a comparable pump that has
a specified minimum performance level is referred
to as the circulator energy rating (‘‘CER’’).
The comments in response to the RFI
expressed support for considering small
vertical in-line pumps in the
commercial and industrial pumps
rulemaking rather than in the circulator
pump rulemaking. (HI, No. 112 at p. 3;
Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 2; CA IOUs, No.
116 at p. 6; NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4). As
such, the scope of this NOPR is limited
to circulator pumps.
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II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking
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III. Discussion
In this TP NOPR, DOE proposes to
establish in subpart Y of part 431 test
procedures and related definitions for
circulator pumps, amend 10 CFR 429.59
to establish sampling plans for this
equipment, and establish enforcement
provisions for this equipment in 10 CFR
429.110 and 10 CFR 429.134. The
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proposed amendments are summarized
in Table III.1.
TABLE III.1—SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS IN THIS TP NOPR, THEIR LOCATION WITHIN THE CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS, AND THE APPLICABLE PREAMBLE DISCUSSION
Location in CFR
Summary of proposals
Definitions ............................
10 CFR 431.462 ................
Define circulator pump as well as varieties of circulator
pumps and circulator pump controls.
Test Procedure ....................
10 CFR 431.464 & Appendix D.
Sampling Plan .....................
10 CFR 429.59 ..................
Enforcement Provisions .......
10 CFR 429.110 & 10 CFR
429.134.
Establish CEI as the metric for circulator pumps, incorporate by reference HI 40.6–2021, and provide additional instructions for determining the CEI (and
other applicable performance characteristics) for
circulator pumps.
Specify the minimum number of circulator pumps to
be tested to rate a basic model and determination of
representative values.
Establish a method for determining compliance of
circulator pump basic models.
The following sections discuss DOE’s
specific proposals regarding circulator
pumps. Section III.B presents DOE’s
proposals related to definitions for
categorizing and testing of circulator
pumps. Sections III.C, III.D, III.E, and
III.F discuss the proposed metric, test
procedure, and certification and
enforcement provisions for tested
circulator pump models. Section III.G
discusses representations of energy use
and energy efficiency for circulator
pumps.
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Applicable preamble discussion
Topic
A. General Comments
In response to the May 2021 RFI, the
Advocates urged DOE to adopt test
procedures for circulator pumps based
on the September and November 2016
CPWG Recommendations. (Advocates,
No. 114 at p. 1) Grundfos supported the
regulation of circulator products.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 1) The CA IOUs
stated that other than the test procedure
update to HI 41.5–2021 (discussed in
section III.E.1 of this NOPR), they
supported the adoption of the
September and November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations, including the
provisions for circulator pump
definitions, control type definitions,
reference curve, weighting points, and
the definition of CEI. (CA IOUs, No. 116
at p. 5) NEEA supported the September
and November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations with a few minor
modifications based on additional
information or lessons learned from
years of experience implementing its
circulator pump energy efficiency
program. (NEEA, No. 115 at p.2) NEEA
also commented that it has been
working with HI and manufacturers to
test and rate circulator pumps using HI’s
voluntary rating standard developed
based on the CPWG term sheet. (Id.)
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B. Scope and Definitions
As discussed, in the January 2016 TP
final rule, DOE adopted a definition for
‘‘pump,’’ as well as definitions for other
pump component- and configurationrelated definitions. 81 FR 4086, 4090–94
(Jan. 25, 2016); see also 10 CFR 431.462.
DOE recognized circulator pumps as a
category of pumps, but DOE did not
define ‘‘circulator pump’’. 81 FR 4086,
4097.
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing a
definition of circulator pump,
associated definitions for categories of
circulator pumps, as well as related
definitions for control varieties of
circulator pumps (see sections III.B.2,
III.B.4, III.B.5 and III.D.1 of this NOPR).
These definitions are necessary to
establish the scope of applicability of
the proposed circulator pump test
procedure. The scope of the proposed
test procedure is discussed in section
III.B.6 of this document.
1. CPWG Recommendations
As discussed in the May 2021 RFI, the
September 2016 Circulator Pump
Recommendations addressed the scope
of a circulator pumps rulemaking.
Specifically, the CPWG recommended
that the scope of a circulator pumps test
procedure and energy conservation
standards cover clean water pumps (as
defined at 10 CFR 431.462) distributed
in commerce with or without a volute 9
and that are one of the following
categories: Wet rotor circulator pumps,
dry rotor close-coupled circulator
pumps, and dry rotor mechanicallycoupled circulator pumps. The CPWG
also recommended that the scope
exclude submersible pumps and header
9 Volutes are also sometimes referred to as a
‘‘housing’’ or ‘‘casing.’’
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Sections III.B.2, III.B.3,
III.B.4, III.B.5, III.B.7,
III.AIII.D.1.
Sections III.C, III.D, and
III.E.
Section III.F.
Section III.F.
pumps. 86 FR 24516, 24520; (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58,
Recommendations #1A, 2A and 2B at p.
1–2) The CPWG also recommended the
following definitions relevant to scope:
Wet rotor circulator pump means a
single stage, rotodynamic, closecoupled, wet rotor pump. Examples
include, but are not limited to, pumps
generally referred to in industry as CP1.
Dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump
means a single stage, rotodynamic,
single-axis flow, close-coupled, dry
rotor pump that:
(1) Has a hydraulic power less than or
equal to five horsepower at best
efficiency point at full impeller
diameter,
(2) is distributed in commerce with a
horizontal motor, and
(3) discharges the pumped liquid
through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft. Examples
include, but are not limited to, pumps
generally referred to in industry as CP2.
Dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump
means a single stage, rotodynamic,
single-axis flow, mechanically-coupled,
dry rotor pump that:
(1) Has a hydraulic power less than or
equal to five horsepower at best
efficiency point at full impeller
diameter,
(2) is distributed in commerce with a
horizontal motor, and
(3) discharges the pumped liquid
through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft. Examples
include, but are not limited to, pumps
generally referred to in industry as CP3.
Horizontal motor means a motor that
requires the motor shaft to be in a
horizontal position to function as
designed under typical operating
conditions, as specified in manufacturer
literature.
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Submersible pump means a pump
that is designed to be operated with the
motor and bare pump fully submerged
in the pumped liquid.
Header pump means a pump that
consists of a circulator-less-volute
intended to be installed in an original
equipment manufacturer (‘‘OEM’’) piece
of equipment that serves as the volute.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58, Recommendations #2B, 3A, and
3B at p. 2–3); 86 FR 24516, 24520.
DOE notes that generally these
definitions rely on terms previously
defined in the January 2016 TP final
rule, including ‘‘close-coupled pump,’’
‘‘mechanically-coupled pump,’’ ‘‘dry
rotor pump,’’ ‘‘single axis flow pump,’’
and ‘‘rotodynamic pump.’’ 81 FR 4086,
4146–4147; 10 CFR 431.462. In
addition, the recommended definition
for submersible pump is the same as
that already defined in a 2017 test
procedure final rule for dedicatedpurpose pool pumps (‘‘August 2017
DPPP TP final rule’’). 82 FR 36858,
36922 (August 7, 2017);10 CFR 431.462.
DOE discusses the proposed
definitions of wet rotor circulator pump;
dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump;
dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump;
and horizontal motor in section III.B.3,
header pump in section III.B.4, and
submersible pump in section III.B.6 of
this NOPR.
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2. Definition of Circulator Pump
Circulator pumps are a subset of
small, IL pumps that are designed to
provide a small amount of head to
overcome pipe friction losses in a water
circulation system for hydronic heating
or cooling and potable hot water
recirculation. During the CPWG
meetings, the CPWG discussed the
applications and utilities that circulator
pumps serve and the distinctions in the
designs of circulator pump varieties.
In defining circulator pump, the
CPWG reviewed the descriptions
established in the standard American
National Standards Institute (‘‘ANSI’’)/
HI 1.1–1.2–2014 standard (‘‘ANSI/HI
1.1–1.2–2014’’), ‘‘Rotodynamic
Centrifugal Pumps for Nomenclature
and Definitions.’’ (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 64 at pp.41–
43) Section 1.1.3.3.5 of ANSI/HI 1.1–
1.2–2014 characterizes circulator pumps
based on the following four unique
features: (1) Rotating assemblies that
must be horizontally mounted; (2) being
fully supported in-line by the system
piping; (3) utilizing special-purpose
motors unique to this pump type; and
(4) having a motor shaft power that does
not exceed 3.75 kilowatts (‘‘kW’’) (5
horsepower (‘‘hp’’)).
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Sections 1.1.3.3.5.1–2 of ANSI/HI 1.1–
1.2–2014 provide definitions for three
unique types of circulator pumps. These
three unique circulator pump varieties
are based on two main characteristics:
(1) Whether the motor is isolated from
or immersed in the pumped liquid, and
(2) how the impeller and motor are
connected. Regarding the first
characteristic, a circulator pump may be
wet rotor, meaning that the motor rotor
is immersed in the pumped liquid
during operation; or dry rotor, meaning
that the pump is not immersed in the
pumped liquid. Dry rotor pumps
typically include a mechanical seal that
isolates the motor rotor from the
pumped liquid.
The second characteristic, which
pertains to how the impeller and motor
are connected, further subdivides wet
rotor and dry rotor circulator pumps
into close-coupled or mechanicallycoupled varieties. A close-coupled
pump has a motor and impeller that
share a common shaft, while a
mechanically-coupled pump features an
impeller that has its own shaft that is
connected by mechanical means to the
motor shaft.
Based on these differentiating
features, Sections 1.1.3.3.5.1–2 of ANSI/
HI 1.1–1.2–2014 defines the following
circulator pump varieties:
• Close-coupled circulator pumps
(CP1 and CP2)—Close-coupled
circulator pumps may have driver
elements that are immersed in the
pumped fluid (CP1) or isolated by a
mechanical seal (CP2). The rotating
assembly shares a common shaft; the
bearing(s) of the rotating assembly
absorb all pump hydraulic loads (axial
and radial). The driver is aligned and
assembled directly to the pump unit
with machined fits.
• Flexibly-coupled circulator pumps
(CP3)—In flexibly-coupledcirculator
pumps, the pump has a shaft supported
by its own bearings that absorb all pump
hydraulic loads (axial and radial). The
driver is aligned and assembled directly
to the pump unit with machined fits,
typically with a resilient mount to
damped vibration. The pump and driver
shafts are flexibly coupled via flexible
element drive couplings.10
Consistent with the ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2–
2014 classification, the CPWG discussed
defining three varieties of circulator
pumps: (1) Wet rotor circulator pumps,
(2) dry rotor close-coupled circulator
pumps, and (3) dry rotor mechanicallycoupled circulator pumps. (Docket No.
10 ‘‘Flexibly-coupled’’ is a more specific use of the
term ‘‘mechanically-coupled’’. Consistent with 10
CFR 431.462 and CPWG recommendations, DOE
uses the term ‘‘mechanically-coupled’’ throughout
the remainder of this notice.
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EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 64 at
pp.41–43)
The specific definitions for wet rotor
circulator pumps and dry rotor
circulator pumps are discussed in the
following sections.
The CPWG also discussed the
applicability of the recommended test
procedure and standards to circulator
pumps distributed in commerce without
a volute. As discussed in more detail in
section III.B.4, the CPWG discussed how
some circulator pumps are distributed
in commerce without a volute, either as
a replacement for an existing circulator
pump that has failed or to be newly
installed with a paired volute in the
field. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–
0004, No. 74 at pp. 383–407). In section
III.E.2.b, DOE proposes specific
instructions regarding how to test a
‘‘circulator-less-volute.’’
To specify that the recommended
circulator pump test procedure and
standards are intended to apply to
circulator pumps, with or without a
volute, the CPWG recommended adding
such language to the recommended
circulator pump definition. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 66 at
pp. 156–164). The CPWG also
recommended to define circulator pump
as being comprised of the following
pump categories distributed in
commerce with or without a volute: Wet
rotor circulator pumps, dry rotor closecoupled circulator pumps, and dry rotor
mechanically-coupled circulator pumps.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #1A at p. 1)
DOE notes that the terminology in the
CPWG recommended definition for
circulator pump does not match the
terminology in the CPWG recommended
definitions for the circulator pump
categories. Specifically, the
recommended circulator pump
definition includes ‘‘dry rotor closecoupled circulator pumps’’ and ‘‘dry
rotor mechanically-coupled circulator
pumps,’’ while the recommended
defined terms are ‘‘dry rotor, two-piece
circulator pump’’ and ‘‘dry rotor, threepiece circulator pumps.’’ (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #1A, 3A, and 3B at
pp. 1–3) Those defined terms reference
close-coupling and mechanicalcoupling, respectively. DOE notes that
HI 41.5–2021 defines circulator pump in
section 41.5.1.5.1 as a wet rotor
circulator pump (CP1); a dry rotor, twopiece circulator pump (CP2); or a dry
rotor three-piece circulator pump (CP3).
Based on their use in the industry test
procedure, DOE understands that ‘‘twopiece’’ and ‘‘three-piece’’ are the
preferred industry terms over the terms
‘‘close-coupled’’ and ‘‘mechanically-
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coupled,’’ and has proposed the use of
the industry terms.
DOE is proposing a definition of
circulator pump at 10 CFR 431.462
consistent with the definition
recommended by the CPWG.
Specifically, DOE proposes the
following definition for circulator
pump:
Circulator pump is a pump that is
either a wet rotor circulator pump; a dry
rotor, two-piece circulator pump; or a
dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump.
A circulator pump may be distributed in
commerce with or without a volute.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for circulator pump.
The definitions of the pump
categories that comprise the scope of
‘‘circulator pump’’ are addressed in the
following section. In response to the
May 2021 RFI, China asserted that the
range and definition of circulator pumps
is not clear and that schematic diagrams
should be provided for each product on
the basis of their text description.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3) DOE believes
that the proposed definition of
circulator pump, in combination with
the proposed definitions of the three
primary kinds of circulator pumps in
the following section, sufficiently
address the range of circulator pumps,
and that schematic diagrams would not
provide additional benefit.
3. Definition of Circulator Pump
Varieties
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on the CPWG’s recommended
definitions for wet rotor circulator
pump; dry rotor, two-piece circulator
pump; dry rotor, three-piece circulator
pump; and horizontal motor, including
whether any changes in the market
since the CPWG’s recommendations
would affect the recommended
definitions and scope. 86 FR 24516,
24520–24521.
HI, Grundfos, and the CA IOUs
generally agreed with the CPWG’s
recommended definitions for these
varieties of circulator pumps. (HI, No.
112 at p. 2; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 1;
CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5) Other
comments expressed support for the
CPWG recommendations generally, as
discussed in section III.A of this
document.
As discussed previously, the CPWG
recommended definitions for wet rotor
circulator pump; dry rotor, two-piece
circulator pump; and dry rotor, threepiece circulator pump were based on
review of the descriptions of circulator
pump categories established in the
standard ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2–2014. DOE
notes that the updated version of this
industry standard, ANSI/HI 14.1–14.2–
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2019, ‘‘Rotodynamic Pumps for
Nomenclature and Definitions,’’ has
revised the descriptions of circulator
pump categories to be identical to the
CPWG recommended definitions, and
section 41.5.1.5.1 of HI 41.5–2021 also
includes definitions identical to the
CPWG recommended definitions. DOE
has reviewed the CPWG recommended
definitions and has tentatively
determined that these definitions
appropriately distinguish the varieties
of circulator pumps available on the
market and as originally described in
the industry standard ANSI/HI 1.1–1.2–
2014.
Based on the discussion in the prior
paragraphs, DOE proposes to adopt
definitions for wet rotor circulator
pump; dry rotor, two-piece circulator
pump; and dry rotor, three-piece
circulator pump at 10 CFR 431.462 as
recommended by the CPWG and
supported by stakeholder comments.
DOE currently defines a ‘‘horizontal
motor’’ as a motor that requires the
motor shaft to be in a horizontal
position to function as designed, as
specified in the manufacturer literature.
10 CFR 431.462. The definition of
‘‘horizontal motor’’ is used in 10 CFR
431.462 to exclude certain pumps from
the IL pump category.11 The definition
of ‘‘horizontal motor’’ recommended by
the CPWG includes the additional
phrase ‘‘under typical operating
conditions’’ to qualify ‘‘function as
designed.’’ The CPWG discussed that
this qualifier was added to address the
potential that a motor would not be
covered as a horizontal motor if a
manufacturer were to advertise its
circulator pump as being able to be
installed in a non-horizontal orientation
under certain conditions, such as high
operating pressure (i.e., conditions other
than typical conditions). (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 64 at
pp. 75–83) The CPWG discussed that
the requirement to consider motor
installation in the context of typical
operating conditions, as specified in the
manufacturer literature, would address
this potential. (Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 66 at pp. 55–57) 86
FR 24516, 24520. DOE did not receive
any comments on the definition of
horizontal motor in response to the May
2021 RFI.
DOE has reviewed the horizontal
motor definitions and has tentatively
concluded that the existing definition of
11 The definition of IL pumps includes the
following sentence: ‘‘Such pumps do not include
pumps that are mechanically coupled or closecoupled, have a pump power output that is less
than or equal to 5 hp at BEP at full impeller
diameter, and are distributed in commerce with a
horizontal motor.’’ 10 CFR 431.462.
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horizontal motor in 10 CFR 431.462
could benefit from additional
specificity. However, DOE does not
believe the term ‘‘typical operating
conditions’’ recommended by the CPWG
provides sufficient specificity, as the
term could refer to any conditions
specified in the manufacturer’s manual.
In order to address the concern that a
pump with a horizontal motor would be
considered an IL pump instead of a
circulator pump if the motor must be
non-horizontal under non-typical
conditions such as high operating
pressure, DOE instead proposes the
following definition of horizontal motor,
consistent with the intent of the CPWG:
Horizontal motor means a motor, for which
the motor shaft position when functioning
under operating conditions specified in
manufacturer literature, includes a horizontal
position.
DOE has tentatively concluded that
this proposed update to the horizontal
motor definition would provide
additional specificity, but would not in
practice change the pumps currently
excluded from the IL pump definition
(and now proposed to be included in
the circulator pump definition) through
use of the term.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for horizontal
motor, including whether it meets the
intent of the CPWG or whether it would
include other motors not intended to be
captured in the definition.
4. Definition of Circulator-Less-Volute
and Header Pump
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE discussed
that some circulator pumps are
distributed in commerce as a complete
assembly with a motor, impeller, and
volute, while other circulator pumps are
distributed in commerce with a motor
and impeller, but without a volute
(herein referred to as ‘‘circulators-lessvolute’’). Some circulators-less-volute
are solely intended to be installed in
other equipment, such as a boiler, using
a cast piece in the other piece of
equipment as the volute, while others
can be installed as a replacement for a
failed circulator pump in an existing
system or newly installed with a paired
volute in the field. 86 FR 24516, 24521;
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 47 at pp. 371–372; Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at p.
99) As discussed in the May 2021 RFI,
CPWG asserted that circulator pumps
distributed in commerce without
volutes meet the definition of pump,
and that not subjecting such equipment
to test procedures and standards would
represent a significant loophole. 86 FR
24516, 24521; (Docket No. EERE–2016–
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BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at pp. 89–91; No.
74 at pp.383–403) The CPWG also
discussed that including circulatorsless-volute within the scope of DOE
regulation is consistent with the
treatment of circulator pumps under the
European Union’s regulations 12 which
applies to circulator pumps ‘‘with or
without housing.’’ (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 74 at pp. 373–
376)
As noted in the May 2021 RFI, the
CPWG also discussed that circulatorsless-volute that are solely intended to be
installed in other equipment use the
other equipment as the volute, and do
not have a matching volute that is
separately distributed in commerce and,
therefore, would not pose the same
loophole risk. According to the CPWG,
such pumps would also be difficult to
test and rate. Specifically, the CPWG
discussed that circulator pump
manufacturers would not have access to
or design authority for the volute
design. In addition, the circulator pump
could not be tested as a standalone
circulator pump because the volute
would be unable to be removed from the
other equipment, and no paired volute
would be distributed in commerce with
which the header pump could be tested.
According to the CPWG, such
equipment would potentially require
extensive and burdensome equipment to
test appropriately. As such, the CPWG
recommended excluding circulator
pumps that are distributed in commerce
exclusively to be incorporated into other
OEM equipment, such as boilers or pool
heaters. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 74 at pp. 413–416) 86 FR
24516, 24521.
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, the
CPWG suggested referring to circulatorless-volute that are intended solely for
installation in another piece of
equipment and do not have a paired
volute that is distributed in commerce
as ‘‘header pumps.’’ (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 74 at pp. 384–
386). The CPWG recommended defining
‘‘header pump’’ as a pump that consists
of a circulator-less-volute intended to be
installed in an OEM piece of equipment
that serves as the volute, and to exclude
them from the recommended circulator
pump test procedure and standards.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #2B at p. 2); 86
FR 24516, 24521. The CPWG also
recommended that for header pumps
distributed in commerce with regulated
equipment, DOE should consider
modifying the test procedure and metric
for such regulated equipment during the
12 See EC No 622/2012; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/
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next round of applicable rulemakings to
account for the energy use of header
pumps in a modified metric. For header
pumps distributed in commerce with
non-regulated equipment, the CPWG
recommended that DOE should consider
test procedures and standards for such
pumps or equipment at a later date.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Non-Binding Recommendation
to the Secretary #2 at p. 10)
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on the definition of header
pump. 86 FR 24516, 24521. HI agreed
with the CPWG recommended
definition of ‘‘header pump,’’ stating
that no substantive changes have
occurred in the market, and that such
pumps should be excluded from
regulation. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2) NEEA
supported the recommended definition
of ‘‘header pump’’ and the
recommended exclusion of them, noting
that they are challenging to test. NEEA
also commented that DOE should
monitor the market for header pumps
and make sure it does not become a
loophole after regulation. (NEEA, No.
115 at p. 3) Grundfos stated that no
change to the definition is warranted,
but that header pumps should be
regulated in the same way that
circulators-less-volute are regulated; i.e.,
by requiring a reference volute for
testing, as is required in the EU, in order
to avoid creating a loophole. (Grundfos,
No. 113 at p. 1–2). China stated that the
test method for header pumps has not
been provided and that DOE should
define the test method for these pumps.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3)
DOE notes that HI 41.5–2021 does not
address either header pumps or
circulators-less-volute. DOE tentatively
agrees that a circulator-less-volute
designed solely for use as a component
in a separate piece of equipment should
be distinguished from circulators-lessvolute generally for the purpose of the
proposed test procedure for the reasons
discussed by the CPWG. As discussed in
section III.E.2.b, the CPWG
recommended specific test procedure
provisions for circulators-less-volute
that are not designed solely for
installation in a separate piece of
equipment (i.e., a header pump).
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #12 at p. 2) To
provide a distinction between a
circulator-less-volute and a header
pump, DOE proposes additional detail
within the definition of header pump
recommended by the CPWG and to add
a definition of circulator-less-volute to
be mutually exclusive from the
definition of a header pump. These
definitions proposed by DOE are as
follows:
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Header pump means a circulator pump
distributed in commerce without a volute
and for which a paired volute is not
distributed in commerce. Whether a paired
volute is distributed in commerce will be
determined based on published data,
marketing literature, and other publicly
available information.
Circulator-less-volute means a
circulator pump distributed in
commerce without a volute and for
which a paired volute is also distributed
in commerce. Whether a paired volute
is distributed in commerce will be
determined based on published data,
marketing literature, and other publicly
available information.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed definitions of header pump
and circulator-less-volute.
DOE acknowledges that EU
Regulation No 622/2012 includes
provisions to test circulator pumps
integrated in products dismantled from
the product and measured with a
reference pump housing, which means
‘‘a pump housing supplied by the
manufacturer with inlet and outlet ports
on the same axis and designed to be
connected to the pipework of a heating
system or secondary circuit of a cooling
distribution system.’’ 13 As stated
previously, the CPWG discussed that
there would be no available paired
volutes with which to test a header
pump, and as such testing such pumps
would require extensive and potentially
burdensome equipment to test
appropriately. In its comments
recommending that use of a reference
volute should be required for testing
header pumps, Grundfos has not
sufficiently addressed these testing
concerns for header pumps raised by the
CPWG. In addition, DOE tentatively
concludes that requiring testing of
header pumps using a reference volute
may result in a rating that is not
representative of its energy use in the
equipment for which it is designed, and
that assessing header pump energy use
within broader equipment categories in
which they are embedded, such as
boilers, may be more appropriate. As
such, DOE is not proposing to include
header pumps in the scope of this test
procedure, and accordingly is not
proposing a test method for header
pumps.
13 European Commission Regulation No 622/2012
of 11 July 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 641/
2009 with regard to ecodesign requirements for
glandless standalone circulators and glandless
circulators integrated in products. https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/
?uri=CELEX:32012R0622. Accessed 2021–09–21.
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5. Definition of On-Demand Circulator
Pumps
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE stated that
on-demand circulator pumps are
designed to maintain hot water supply
within a temperature range by activating
in response to a signal, such as user
presence. The CPWG recommended a
definition for ‘‘on-demand circulator
pumps’’ to be incorporated as necessary.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 98 Non-Binding Recommendation
#1 at pp. 4–5) 86 FR 24516, 24521.
Discussion during CPWG meetings
suggested that the purpose of
recommending a definition for ondemand circulator pumps would be to
allow for the possibility of considering
them as a separate equipment class with
a different standard level, while still
applying the metric and test procedure
to them. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004–0069, p. 199) The CPWG
recommended defintion for ‘‘on-demand
circulator pumps’’ is as follows:
‘‘On-demand circulator pump’’ means
a circulator pump that is distributed in
commerce with an integral control that:
• Initiates water circulation based on
receiving a signal from the action of a
user [of a fixture or appliance] or
sensing the presence of a user of a
fixture and cannot initiate water
circulation based on other inputs, such
as water temperature or a pre-set
schedule.
• Automatically terminates water
circulation once hot water has reached
the pump or desired fixture.
• Does not allow the pump to operate
when the temperature in the pipe
exceeds 104 °F or for more than 5
minutes continuously.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–
0004, No. 98 Non-Binding
Recommendation #1 at pp. 4–5); 86 FR
24516, 24521.
In addition, the CPWG recommended
that an on-demand circulator pump
must not be capable of operating
without the control without physically
destructive modification of the unit,
such as any modification that would
violate the product’s standards listing.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 98 Non-Binding Recommendation
#1 at p. 5); 86 FR 24516, 24521.
DOE requested comment regarding
the CPWG-recommended definition of
‘‘on-demand circulator pump’’ and
whether it is appropriate to retain ondemand circulator pumps within the
scope of future analysis. 86 FR 24516,
24521.
HI agreed with the recommended
definition of on-demand circulator
pumps and stated that the CPWG
intention of defining them was for the
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purpose of possible exclusion from
standards due to limited run hours. (HI,
No. 112 at p. 3) Grundfos commented
that on-demand products should be
regulated as circulator pumps because
they are built with standard circulator
pumps that incorporate additional
features, and that having them
unregulated would create a loophole
allowing less-efficient induction-based
products to remain on the market.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 1–2) NEEA
agreed with the recommended
definition of on-demand circulator
pumps, but did not agree that they
should be treated separately by DOE
regulations. NEEA commented that
these pumps can save energy by
reducing run time, and that these
savings are not addressed in the
recommended test method. NEEA
recommended that in a future
rulemaking, DOE consider the potential
energy savings from domestic hot water
run-hour controls and consider
providing a ratings credit for circulator
pumps equipped with efficient
temperature, on-demand, timer, or
learning run-hour controls. (NEEA, No.
115 at p. 4).
DOE notes that HI 41.5–2021 does not
address or refer to on-demand circulator
pumps. The CPWG discussed that ondemand controls do not reduce the
speed of the pump, but rather reduce
the hours of use. Pumps with ondemand controls could also have speed
controls, which the recommended
metric would capture. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004–0069, p.
172–173) In addition, CPWG members
discussed that the extent to which timebased controls are used is unknown (Id.
at p. 176), and that rather than
attempting to capture it in the metric,
utility programs could consider
prescriptive rebates associated with
these controls. (Id. at p. 178) In
addition, CPWG members suggested that
legionella concerns would limit the
application of on-demand controls.14
(Id. at p. 195–196)
DOE proposes to define on-demand
circulator pump at 10 CFR 431.462 as
recommended by the CPWG. DOE
believes that the recommended added
specification that the on-demand
circulator pump must not be capable of
operating without the control without
physically destructive modification of
the unit, such as any modification that
would violate the product’s standards
listing, is already encompassed by the
provision in the recommended
definition that the control be ‘‘integral’’
14 As discussed in the transcript, situations where
water is stagnant and the temperature drops can
result in growth of legionella.
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and by the definition of ‘‘integral’’ in 10
CFR 431.462: a part of the device that
cannot be removed without
compromising the device’s function or
destroying the physical integrity of the
unit.
DOE is not proposing to exclude ondemand circulator pumps from the
scope of the test procedure. At this time,
DOE has not considered developing a
credit for these controls, as was
suggested in comments. DOE notes that
if on-demand circulator pumps are
equipped with other controls that
reduce speed as defined in section
III.D.1, they may be tested according to
the relevant test methods rather than
using the no controls test. DOE will
consider whether standards are
appropriate for this equipment in a
future energy conservation standards
rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to include on-demand
circulator pumps within the scope of
this test procedure. DOE also requests
data and information that would justify
a CEI credit for on-demand circulator
pumps.
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based
on Pump Configuration
In addition to recommending specific
definitions, the CPWG also discussed
and provided recommendations
pertinent to the scope of applicability of
the recommended circulator pumps test
procedure. The CPWG recommended
that the scope of the recommended test
procedure would be limited to wet rotor
circulator pumps, dry rotor closecoupled circulator pumps, and dry rotor
mechanically-coupled circulator pumps,
as discussed in section III.B.2. (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58,
Recommendation #1A, at p. 1) The
CPWG also recommended to limit the
scope of the circulator pump
rulemaking to clean water pumps only
and to exclude header pumps and
submersible pumps. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendations #2A and 2B at p. 2)
In the January 2016 TP final rule, DOE
established a definition for ‘‘clean water
pump.’’ 81 FR 4046, 4100 (Jan. 25,
2016). DOE noted that several common
pumps would not meet the definition of
clean water pumps, as they are not
designed for pumping clean water,
including wastewater, sump, slurry, or
solids handling pumps; pumps designed
for pumping hydrocarbon product
fluids; chemical process pumps; and
sanitary pumps. Id. at 4100. The CPWG
reviewed this definition and, to be
consistent with the general pumps
rulemaking, recommended to limit the
scope of the circulator pump
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rulemaking to clean water pumps only,
whereby clean water pump means a
pump that is designed for use in
pumping water with a maximum nonabsorbent free solid content of 0.016
pounds per cubic foot (0.25 kilograms
per cubic meter), and with a maximum
dissolved solid content of 3.1 pounds
per cubic foot (50 kilograms per cubic
meter), provided that the total gas
content of the water does not exceed the
saturation volume, and disregarding any
additives necessary to prevent the water
from freezing at a minimum of 14 °F
(¥10 °C), as defined at 10 CFR 431.462.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendations #2A at p. 2)
The CPWG discussed how this was
important to ensure certain small,
chemical process pumps would be
excluded based on the fact that they are
not designed to pump clean water.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 70 at pp. 36–42)
DOE did not receive any comments on
the May 2021 RFI related to the CPWG
recommendation to limit scope of the
circulator pump rulemaking to clean
water pumps. DOE agrees with the
CPWG that limiting the scope of the
circulator pump rulemaking to clean
water pumps, consistent with the scope
of general pumps in 10 CFR 431.464, is
appropriate. Regulation of chemical
process pumps would require many
other considerations beyond that for
clean water pumps, and DOE believes
that excluding small chemical process
pumps from the scope of regulation
would not create any loophole risks to
the clean water circulator pump market.
DOE proposes to apply the existing
clean water pump definition to
circulator pumps, thus limiting the
scope of applicability of the proposed
circulator pumps test procedure to
circulator pumps that meet the
definition of clean water pump.
Regarding the exclusion of
submersible pumps, the CPWG
discussed a variety of close-coupled,
wet rotor pumps that are typically used
for decorative water features in
swimming pools and ponds. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at
pp. 47–63 and No. 47, pp. 523–525) The
CPWG discussed how these decorative
water feature pumps might otherwise
meet the definition of a wet rotor
circulator pump (see section III.B.2);
however, these pumps are unique from
traditional wet rotor circulator pumps,
in that they are submersible pumps and,
as such, are intended to be operated
with the entire pump and motor
assembly fully submerged in the
pumped liquid. Therefore, the CPWG
recommended to exclude submersible
pumps from the scope of applicability of
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any circulator pump test procedure and
standards. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 74 at pp. 299–303)
In response to the May 2021 RFI, HI
agreed with the scope agreed to by the
CPWG. (HI, No. 112 at p. 3)
DOE agrees with the CPWG that
submersible decorative water feature
pumps are similar in design to wet rotor
circulator pumps in that they are wet
rotor, rotodynamic pumps, but that they
are intended to be operated with the
entire pump and motor assembly fully
submerged in the pumped liquid, which
presents additional considerations for
any test procedure and energy
conservation standards. Given that these
decorative water feature pumps are
submersible, DOE does not believe that
if unregulated they would pose any
loophole risk to the clean water
circulator pump market. Therefore, DOE
proposes to exclude submersible pumps
from the scope of applicability of the
circulator pump test procedure. DOE
notes that the definition of submersible
pump recommended by the CPWG is
identical to the definition that currently
exists in 10 CFR 431.462, as adopted in
the August 2017 DPPP TP final rule. 82
FR 36858, 36922. As such, DOE is not
proposing amendments to that
definition.
As discussed in section III.B.4, DOE
tentatively agrees with the
recommended exclusion of header
pumps and tentatively agrees with the
inclusion of circulators-less volute.
Also, as discussed in section III.B.5,
DOE proposes to include on-demand
circulator pumps within the scope of
this test procedure. In summary, DOE
proposes that the test procedure would
be applicable to circulator pumps (as
defined in section III.B.2) that are clean
water pumps, including circulators-lessvolute and on-demand circulator
pumps, and excluding header pumps
and submersible pumps. The specific
test methods proposed for circulator
pumps are discussed in more detail in
section III.D of this document.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed scope of applicability of the
circulator pump test procedure to
circulator pumps that are clean water
pumps, and the exclusion of header
pumps and submersible pumps from the
scope of the proposed test procedure.
7. Basic Model
In the course of regulating consumer
products and commercial and industrial
equipment, DOE has developed the
concept of a ‘‘basic model’’ to determine
the specific product or equipment
configuration(s) to which the
regulations would apply. For the
purposes of applying the proposed
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circulator pump regulations, DOE is also
proposing to rely on the definition of
‘‘basic model’’ as currently defined at 10
CFR 431.462. Application of the current
definition of ‘‘basic model’’ would allow
manufacturers of circulator pumps to
group similar models within a basic
model to minimize testing burden,
while ensuring that key variables that
differentiate circulator pump energy
performance or utility are maintained as
separate basic models. As proposed,
manufacturers would be required to test
only a representative number of units of
a basic model in lieu of testing every
model they manufacture. As proposed,
individual models of circulator pumps
would be permitted to be grouped under
a single basic model so long as all
grouped models have the same
representative energy performance,
which is representative of the least
efficient or most consumptive unit.
Specifically, for pumps, DOE’s
existing definition of basic model is as
follows:
Basic model means all units of a given
class of pump manufactured by one
manufacturer, having the same primary
energy source, and having essentially
identical electrical, physical, and
functional (or hydraulic) characteristics
that affect energy consumption, energy
efficiency, water consumption, or water
efficiency; and, in addition, for pumps
that are subject to the standards
specified in 10 CFR 431.465(b), the
following provisions also apply:
(1) All variations in numbers of stages
of bare RSV and ST pumps must be
considered a single basic model;
(2) Pump models for which the bare
pump differs in impeller diameter, or
impeller trim, may be considered a
single basic model; and
(3) Pump models for which the bare
pump differs in number of stages or
impeller diameter and which are sold
with motors (or motors and controls) of
varying horsepower may only be
considered a single basic model if:
(i) For ESCC, ESFM, IL, and RSV pumps,
each motor offered in the basic model has a
nominal full load motor efficiency rated at
the Federal minimum (see the current table
for NEMA Design B motors at § 431.25) or the
same number of bands above the Federal
minimum for each respective motor
horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to
subpart Y of this part); or
(ii) For ST pumps, each motor offered in
the basic model has a full load motor
efficiency at the default nominal full load
submersible motor efficiency shown in Table
2 of appendix A to subpart Y of this part or
the same number of bands above the default
nominal full load submersible motor
efficiency for each respective motor
horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to
subpart Y of this part).
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10 CFR 431.462
DOE has reviewed this definition and
has tentatively determined that the
general definition is appropriate for
circulator pumps. DOE understands
that, like dedicated purpose pool
pumps, circulator pumps are
exclusively single-stage pumps and,
therefore, the provision regarding
variation in number of stages would not
be applicable. Furthermore, DOE
understands that, like each dedicated
purpose pool pump motor model, each
circulator pump model is offered with
only one impeller diameter, unlike
general pumps for which a given pump
model may be sold with many different
impeller diameters that are customized
for each application. Therefore, DOE
believes that the provision for grouping
individual pumps that vary only in
impeller diameter, or impeller trim,
would also not be applicable to
circulator pumps; any variation in
impeller trim would constitute a
separate basic model for circulator
pumps. Finally, as neither the
multistage nor impeller trim
specifications for basic model
designation apply to circulator pumps,
the provision regarding variation in
motor horsepower resulting from
variation in either of those
characteristics would also not apply to
circulator pumps. Therefore, only the
general provisions of the basic model
definition would be applicable to
circulator pumps and no additional
provisions specific to circulator pumps
would be necessary.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed applicability of the definition
of ‘‘basic model’’ at 10 CFR 431.462 to
circulator pumps and any
characteristics unique to circulator
pumps that may necessitate
modifications to that definition.
C. Rating Metric
As discussed in the May 2021 RFI, the
CPWG focused on defining a
performance-based metric that was
similar to the PEI metric established for
the January 2016 TP final rule. (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 64
at pp. 246–247) The CPWG
recommended using the PEICIRC metric,
which would be defined as the pump
energy rating (‘‘PER’’) for the rated
circulator pump model (‘‘PERCIRC’’),
divided by the PER for a circulator
pump that is minimally compliant with
energy conservation standards serving
the same hydraulic load
(‘‘PERCIRC,STD’’). (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58,
Recommendation #5 at p. 4); 86 FR
24516, 24522.
The equation for PEICIRC as
recommended by the CPWG is shown in
the equation (1):
PERcmc ]
PElcrnc
= [PERcrnc,srv
(1)
As stated in the May 2021 RFI,
PERCIRC would be determined as the
weighted average input power to the
circulator pump motor or controls, if
available, to a given circulator pump
over a number of specified load points.
Due to differences in the various control
varieties available with circulator
pumps, the CPWG recommended that
each circulator pump control variety
have unique weights and test points that
are used in determining PERCIRC.15
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendations #6A and #6B
at pp. 4–6) 86 FR 24516, 24522. The test
points, weights, and test methods
necessary for calculating PERCIRC for
pressure controls, temperature controls,
manual speed controls, external input
signal controls, and circulator pumps
with no control (i.e., without external
15 In order to determine weighted average input
power, input power must be measured at multiple
test points, and each test point must be weighted.
The test points and weights for each test method are
discussed in section III.D.
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input signal, manual, pressure, or
temperature control) 16 are described in
section III.D. 86 FR 24516, 24522.
As recommended by the CPWG,
PERCIRC,STD would be determined
similarly for all circulator pumps,
regardless of control variety.
PERCIRC,STD would represent the
weighted average input power to a
minimally compliant circulator pump
serving the same hydraulic load. As
such, PERCIRC,STD would essentially
define the minimally compliant
circulator pump performance, such that
the energy conservation standard level
would always be defined as 1.00, and
lower numbers would represent better
performance. The CPWG discussed the
derivation of PERCIRC,STD in the
Working Group negotiations and,
ultimately, recommended a standard
level that is nominally equivalent to a
single-speed circulator pump equipped
with an electrically commutated motor.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 102 at pp. 53–56; Docket No. EERE–
16 In this document, circulator pumps with ‘‘no
controls’’ are also inclusive of other potential
control varieties that are not one of the specifically
identified circulator pump control varieties. Any
circulator pump without one of the defined control
varieties would be treated as a circulator pump with
no controls, regardless of whether it is a singlespeed circulator pump or has a control variety not
defined in this test procedure. See section III.D.7 of
this document.
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2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 98
Recommendations #1 and 2A–D at pp.
1–4); 86 FR 24516, 24522.
The CPWG specified a method for
determining PERCIRC,STD with
procedures to determine the minimally
compliant overall efficiency at the
various test points based on the
hydraulic performance of the rated
circulator pump. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 98
Recommendations #1 and 2A–D at pp.
1–4); 86 FR 24516, 24522. As discussed,
PERCIRC,STD would represent the energy
efficiency of a circulator pump that is
minimally compliant with the
applicable energy conservation
standard, should DOE establish such a
standard. Were DOE to conduct a
rulemaking to propose energy
conservation standards for circulator
pumps, DOE would discuss in detail the
derivation of PERCIRC,STD, as well as an
analysis as required by EPCA to
evaluate any such standard level to
determine the level designed to achieve
the maximum improvement in energy
efficiency that is technologically
feasible and economically justified, as
required under EPCA.17 DOE notes that
the recommended method for
determining PERCIRC,STD relies on the
17 For more information on any energy
conservation standard rulemaking for circulator
pumps see Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004.
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Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating
(hp); and
PERCIRC,STD = pump energy rating for a
minimally compliant circulator pump
serving the same hydraulic load.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendation #5 at p. 4); 86 FR 24516,
24522.
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hydraulic horsepower of the rated
circulator pump. DOE discusses
measurement of this parameter in
section III.G.
DOE requested comment on the
CPWG recommendation to adopt
PEICIRC as the metric to characterize the
energy use of certain circulator pumps
and on the recommended equation for
PEICIRC, including whether anything in
the technology or market has changed
since publication of the 2016 Term
Sheets that would lead to this metric no
longer being appropriate. 86 FR 24516,
24522.
In response, HI and Grundfos
recommended changing the metric
nomenclature from PEICIRC to CEI
(Circulator Energy Index) to avoid
confusion and/or differentiate coverage
from the general pump rule. (HI, No.
112 at p. 3; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 2)
HI similarly recommended
corresponding changes to PERCIRC to
CER (Circulatory Energy Rating). (HI,
No. 112 at p. 3). As stated in section
III.E.1, the Advocates and NEEA
supported adopting HI 41.5–2021, the
industry rating guideline, that includes
the updated metric nomenclature
discussed by HI in its comments.
(Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1; NEEA, No.
115 at p. 4–5). The CA IOUs also
supported modifying the term sheet to
adopt HI 41.5–2021, and supported
adopting term sheet provisions
including the definition of CEI. (CA
IOUs, No. 116 at p. 2, 5)
DOE agrees with the CPWG that the
recommended PEICIRC metric, as shown
in equation (1), will reasonably reflect
72107
the energy use of circulator pumps over
a representative average use cycle. DOE
also agrees with commenters that
changing the name of the metric to CEI
will reduce possibility for confusion. As
such, DOE proposes to adopt the CEI
metric as the performance-based metric
for representing the energy performance
of circulator pumps, as defined in
equation (2), and consistent with section
41.5.3.2 of HI 41.5–2021. DOE notes that
while HI 41.5–2021 defines the
denominator as CERREF, DOE believes
that the terminology CERSTD is more
reflective of the Federal energy
conservation standards. Any standards
considered for any circulator pumps for
which the CEI is applicable would use
this metric as a basis for the standard
level.
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp); and
CERSTD = circulator energy rating for a
minimally compliant circulator pump
serving the same hydraulic load.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt CEI as the metric to
characterize the energy use of certain
circulator pumps and on the proposed
equation for CEI.
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D. Test Methods for Different Circulator
Pump Categories and Control Varieties
Many circulator pumps are sold with
a variable speed drive and controls (i.e.,
logic or user interface) with various
control strategies that reduce the
required power input at a given flow
rate to save energy. The primary
varieties of control recommended by the
CPWG include manual speed controls,
pressure controls, temperature controls,
and external input signal controls.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendations #4 at p. 4) In
order for the test procedure to produce
results that reflect variations in energy
consumption associated with the
various control strategies that could be
implemented in a circulator pump, the
CPWG recommended that DOE establish
different test methods for each control
variety in the circulator test procedure.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendations #6A and #6B
at pp. 4–6)
Manual speed controls are controls in
which the speed of the motor is adjusted
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manually, typically at the time of
installation, to match the system head
and flow requirements of the
installation.
Pressure controls are controls that use
a variable speed drive to automatically
adjust the speed of the motor based on
the pressure in the system at any given
time according to a fixed constant or
proportional (i.e., sloped) control
curve.18 Models with pressure controls
typically provide several fixed control
curve options available to accommodate
different systems with varying pressure
drops across different zones. These
controls are typically installed in multizone hydronic heating applications to
vary the speed of the circulator pump,
based on the number of zones open, in
order to achieve the appropriate flow
rate through each zone.
Adaptive pressure controls are a
specific variety of pressure controls that
use pressure sensors to continually
evaluate the head and flow
requirements in the system and adjust
the sensitivity of the control response 19
to specifically suit the system’s head
and flow requirements. In addition to
being designed to operate in multi-zone
systems, adaptive pressure controls may
18 Constant pressure control curves supply the
same non-zero head pressure regardless of flow.
Proportional pressure control curves reduce head in
response to a reduction in flow, but maintain a
minimum head pressure at zero flow.
19 In adaptive pressure controls, the sensitivity of
the control response is adjusted by changing the
slope of the control curve.
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also have the ability to operate in a
single zone system, such as a domestic
hot water recirculation system, to adjust
for any oversizing that might have
occurred in the design and pump
selection process. As such, adaptive
pressure controls have the potential to
save more energy than conventional (i.e.
non-adaptive) pressure-based controls.
Temperature controls are controls that
use a variable speed drive to
automatically adjust the speed of the
pump continuously over the operating
speed range to respond to a change in
temperature in the system. These
controls may be installed in single- or
multi-zone systems and adjust the
circulator pump’s operating speed to
provide the optimum flow rate based on
the heat load in each zone. Specifically,
temperature controls are typically
designed to achieve a fixed temperature
drop through the system and will adjust
the speed of the pump to increase or
decrease the flow rate to precisely
match the required thermal load (i.e., to
maintain the target temperature drop).
Unlike pressure controls, there are no
minimum head requirements inherent
to the temperature control, so
temperature controls have the potential
to use the least amount of energy to
serve a given load.
Finally, external input signal control
refers to a system in which the speed of
the circulator pump is controlled by
control logic that is external to the
circulator pump. This could be the case
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in circulator pumps that are, for
example, designed to be installed in
conjunction with a boiler and are
controlled by the boiler’s firing controls,
as opposed their own internal control
logic.
Section III.D.1 discusses DOE’s
proposed definitions for each of these
circulator pump control varieties.
Section III.D.2 discusses the proposed
reference system curve that serves as a
basis for rating each variety of circulator
pump controls.
Sections III.D.3 through III.D.7 discuss
the specific test provisions being
proposed for pressure controls,
temperature controls, manual speed
controls, external input signal controls,
and no controls,20 respectively.
In response to the May 2021 RFI,
several stakeholders commented about
components of CEI that differ by control
type method. China stated that DOE
should offer the specific data or
calculation method for CERSTD and have
executive consultation among World
Trade Organization members before the
procedure is officially published and
implemented. China also commented
that the weighted average input power
for CEI is set differently than the
international general rules, and
requested that DOE offer scientific
evidence for the weight assignment.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3) Grundfos stated
that the weights used in determining
CEI should be aligned across control
modes to simplify testing and that the
baseline calculation method should
match the control method weights.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3) The CA IOUs
supported the weighting points
provided in the CPWG term sheets. (CA
IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5)
In response to China and Grundfos,
DOE discusses the weighting
assignments in the individual test
methods within this section. In general,
the CPWG recommended unique
weights for most control varieties,
which were understood to be
representative of their operation in the
field. (See sections III.D.3, III.D.4,
III.D.5, and III.D.6. of this NOPR)
HI 41.5–2021 section 41.5.3 specifies
rating the most consumptive and least
consumptive of the control curves that
are available on a circulator pump as
shipped. The industry test standard
provides an example stating that if
pressure control is the most
consumptive option and multiple
pressure control curve settings are
provided, the circulator pump would be
20 In this document, circulator pumps with ‘‘no
controls’’ are also inclusive of other potential
control varieties that are not one of the specifically
identified control varieties. See section III.D.7 of
this document.
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tested and rated per the pressure control
test method, but with the most and least
consumptive control curves. DOE notes
that this example does not seem
consistent with the preceding text, and
that in the HI Energy Rating portal for
circulator pumps,21 the most
consumptive rating is always based on
full speed (no controls), while the least
consumptive rating is based on one of
the control varieties on-board, if any.
In response to the May 2021 RFI, HI
stated that for clarity, and to align with
the CPWG negotiated intent (referencing
page 473 of the CPWG transcript from
July 13, 2016), DOE should implement
the least consumptive control mode CEI
for the regulatory rating. (HI, No. 112 at
p. 2)
NEEA commented that in the context
of the CPWG recommendation, they
would expect most manufacturers to
rate with the least consumptive control
curve available, which would encourage
manufacturers to produce circulator
pumps with efficient controls and
would enable utilities to identify
equipment with efficient control
options. NEEA also suggested that DOE
also allow circulator pumps with
multiple control options to be rated
with the most consumptive control
curve available, consistent with HI
41.5–2021. NEEA stated that allowing
circulator pumps to have multiple
ratings would encourage adoption of
energy efficient options and
technologies beyond the minimum
threshold, while holding all
manufacturers to a consistent standard
of performance and providing
information for consumers to fully
understand the energy consumption of
the equipment. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 5)
The CPWG did not make a specific
recommendation on how to select
which control mode to use for a rating
other than that for pressure controls, a
manufacturer should be able to choose
the tested control curve, when multiple
options are available, but should report
the control curve used and method of
adjustment (e.g., whether the rating was
achieved through automatic speed
adjustment, manual speed adjustment or
through simulated pressure signal) to
DOE with certification reporting.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7)
If given the option to choose a control
variety for rating, DOE expects that most
manufacturers would choose the least
consumptive control curve. DOE
reviewed the transcript cited by HI and
did not identify justification that the
intent of the CPWG was to recommend
21 The
HI Energy Rating portal is available at
er.pumps.org/circulator/ratings.
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testing the least consumptive control
mode. DOE believes that proposing a
least consumptive approach, as
suggested by HI, could require
manufacturers to conduct multiple tests
to identify the least consumptive control
curve, which may cause additional
burden. DOE does not think it is likely
that a requirement to identify the least
consumptive control curve would
provide additional benefits to
manufacturers (beyond that from an
allowance to choose a control curve to
test) such as an incentive to develop
energy efficient control strategies. DOE
proposes the approach presented in the
CPWG recommendation, which would
allow manufacturers to select the
control variety used for testing if
multiple control varieties are available
on the circulator pump. In response to
NEEA’s recommendation to also allow
ratings with the most consumptive
control curve available, DOE proposes
in this NOPR that manufacturers may
select multiple control varieties with
which to test their circulator pumps.
DOE will address certification reporting
requirements in any future energy
conservation standard rulemaking.22
DOE requests comment on the
proposal to allow manufacturers to
select the control variety used for testing
if the circulator pump model is
distributed in commerce with multiple
control varieties. DOE specifically
requests comment on whether DOE
should instead require manufacturers to
test a circulator pump model that offers
multiple control varieties with the least
consumptive control variety. DOE also
requests comment on the burden that
would be associated with such an
approach.
1. Definitions Related to Circulator
Pump Control Varieties
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, the
CPWG recommended definitions for the
following control varieties for circulator
pumps: Manual speed control, pressure
control, temperature control, and
external input signal control. 86 FR
24516, 24523. The definitions of these
pump control varieties recommended by
the CPWG are as follows:
• Manual speed control means a
control (variable speed drive and user
interface) that adjusts the speed of a
driver based on manual user input.
• Pressure control means a control
(variable speed drive and integrated
logic) that automatically adjusts the
speed of the driver in response to
pressure.
22 For more information on any energy
conservation standard rulemaking for circulator
pumps see Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004.
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H
= [o.s *
recommended by the CPWG and
consistent with HI 41.5–2021.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE noted that
the CPWG did not recommend a
definition for adaptive pressure
controls, although it did recommend a
separate test procedure for them,
because, as discussed by the CPWG,
adaptive pressure controls are able to
adjust the slope of the control curve to
fit the system needs through an ongoing
learning process inherent in the
software. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 72 at pp. 45–46) 86 FR
24516, 24523.
DOE requested comment on a possible
definition for adaptive pressure control.
86 FR 24516, 24523. Grundfos generally
objected to addressing adaptive pressure
control in the DOE test procedure.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; see
discussion in section III.D.3), but did
not comment specifically on the
definition.
DOE notes that HI 41.5–2021 section
41.5.1.5.1 includes the following
definition for adaptive pressure control:
‘‘a pressure control that adjusts the
control curve automatically based on
the conditions of use.’’ DOE believes
that this definition would benefit from
additional clarity regarding the
conditions to which the control
responds; specifically, DOE proposes to
define adaptive pressure control as
follows:
Adaptive pressure control means a
pressure control that continuously
senses the head requirements in the
system in which it is installed and
adjusts the control curve of the pump
accordingly.
DOE requests comment on its
proposed definition of adaptive pressure
control.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether any additional
control variety is now currently on the
market and if it should be considered in
this rulemaking. 86 FR 24516, 24523. In
response, HI stated that it is not aware
of any additional control methods. (HI,
No. 112 at p. 4) NEEA recommended
that in a future rulemaking, DOE
consider the potential energy savings
from domestic hot water controls,
especially temperature-based controls.
NEEA suggested that DOE consider
(-Q-) + 0.2] *
providing a CEI credit for circulator
pumps equipped with efficient
temperature, on-demand, timer, or
learning run-hour controls. (NEEA, No.
115 at p. 4)
DOE acknowledges that additional
controls exist for circulator pumps that
reduce run-time rather than reduce
speed. DOE proposes to limit the
promulgation of test methods in this
rulemaking to those control varieties
recommended by the CPWG, which
include only controls that reduce speed,
and may consider additional control
varieties in future rulemakings. DOE
discusses the concept of applying
‘‘credits’’ for on-demand controls in
section III.B.5 of this document.
2. Reference System Curve
The May 2021 RFI stated that all
recommended test methods for
circulator pump control varieties, which
involve variable speed control of the
circulator pump, specify test points
with respect to a representative system
curve. That is, for circulator pumps with
manual speed controls, pressure
controls, temperature controls, or
external input signal controls, a
reference system curve is implemented
to be representative of the speed
reduction that is possible in a typical
system to provide representative results.
For circulator pumps with no controls,
no reference system is required as
measurements are taken at various test
points along a pump curve at maximum
speed only. 86 FR 24516, 24523.
Such a reference system curve
describes the relationship between the
head and the flow at each test point in
a typical system. Additionally, a
reference system curve that is
representative of a typical system in
which circulator pumps are installed
may also allow for the differentiation of
control varieties to be reflected in the
resulting ratings. 86 FR 24516, 24523.
The CPWG recommended that DOE
incorporate a quadratic reference system
curve, which intersects the BEP and has
a static offset of 20 percent of BEP head,
as shown in equation (3). (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendations #8 at pp. 6–7) 86 FR
24516, 24523.
2
H100%
Q100%
(3)
Where:
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Q = the flow rate (gpm),
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• Temperature control means a
control (variable speed drive and
integrated logic) that automatically
adjusts the speed of the driver
continuously over the driver operating
speed range in response to temperature.
• External input signal control means
a variable speed drive that adjusts the
speed of the driver in response to an
input signal from an external logic and/
or user interface.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–
0004, No. 58, Recommendation #4 at p.
4) 86 FR 24516, 24523.
DOE requested comment on the
recommended definitions for manual
speed control, pressure control,
temperature control, and external input
signal control. 86 FR 24516, 24523.
In response to the May 2020 RFI, HI
agreed with the current scope and
definition recommended by the CPWG
and noted that the definitions have not
been changed in the adoption of HI
41.5–2021. (HI, No. 112 at p. 4).
Grundfos and the CA IOUs also agreed
with these definitions for control
methods (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; CA
IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5) As stated
previously, NEEA and the Advocates in
general supported the term sheet
recommendations. (Advocates, No. 114.
at p. 1; NEEA, No. 115 at p. 2) DOE
notes that HI 41.5–2021 section
41.5.1.5.1 includes definitions for
manual speed control, pressure control,
temperature control, and external input
signal control that are identical to the
CPWG recommendations.
DOE has reviewed these definitions
recommended by the CPWG and
believes that the definitions
appropriately describe the
characteristics of the relevant circulator
pump controls. Furthermore, DOE
believes these definitions appropriately
identify each type of control for the
purpose of determining the applicable
test method based on the characteristics
of a circulator pump’s control variety.
Therefore, consistent with CPWG
recommendations and continued
stakeholder support, DOE proposes to
define external input signal control,
manual speed control, pressure control,
and temperature control as
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Q100% = flow rate at 100 percent of BEP flow
(gpm), and
H100% = pump total head at 100 percent of
BEP flow (ft).
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendations #8 at pp. 6–7); 86 FR
24516, 24523.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on whether the CPWGrecommended reference system curve
shape, including the static offset, is
reasonable for circulator pumps. 86 FR
24516, 24523. HI, Grundfos, and the CA
IOUs agreed with the recommended
reference curve. (HI, No. 112 at p. 4;
Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; CA IOUs, No.
116 at p. 5).
PERcIRc
DOE notes that the reference curve in
equation (3) is consistent with HI 41.5–
2021, which includes this reference
curve in each of the individual control
test methods (sections 41.5.3.4.2 #3d,
41.5.3.4.3 #2, 41.5.3.4.4.1 #2,
41.5.3.4.4.2 #2, and 41.5.3.4.5 #2d). DOE
has tentatively determined that the
reference curve established for general
pumps would provide representative
results for circulator pumps. As such,
DOE proposes to adopt the reference
curve as shown in equation (3).
3. Pressure Control
As described in the May 2021 RFI,
pressure controls are a variety of
=
circulator pump control in which the
variable speed drive is automatically
adjusted based on the pressure in the
system. For example, such controls are
common in multi-zone hydronic heating
applications where the flow and speed
are adjusted in response to zones
opening or closing. CPWG
recommended that for all circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with
pressure controls, the PERCIRC should be
calculated as the weighted average input
power at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow with unique weights shown in
equation (4):
L wi(Pin,J
i
(4)
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
The CPWG recommended the weights
of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow, respectively, based on
subcommittee review of other relevant
test methods that document the typical
load profile of hydronic heating and/or
cooling applications, including AHRI
550/590–2011 ‘‘Performance Rating Of
Water-Chilling and Heat Pump WaterHeating Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle,’’ ASHRAE 103
‘‘Method of Testing for Annual Fuel
Utilization Efficiency of Residential
Central Furnaces and Boilers, and EN
16297–1:2012 ‘‘Pumps. Rotodynamic
pumps. Glandless circulators. General
requirements and procedures for testing
and calculation of energy efficiency
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index (EEI),’’ as well as the fact that
pumps with pressure controls will
unlikely operate near BEP flow because
systems are sized to be able to meet the
full demand of the design day, which
occurs only on rare occasion.23
In addition to the test point flow rates,
the test method for pressure controls
must also specify the head values (or
range of head values) for evaluation. For
pressure controls, the head values
associated with the specified flow rates
are determined by the control curve of
the pressure control being evaluated.
Traditional pressure controls typically
follow a fixed, linear control curve that
can represent maintenance of constant
pressure at a variety of different flow
rates, or can reduce the pressure as the
flow is reduced. Often, a single
circulator pump will be equipped with
a number of different pressure control
options, as illustrated in Figure III.1.
The CPWG recommended testing
circulator pumps with pressure controls
23 This discussion took place during a CPWG
subcommittee meeting, so there is no transcript in
the docket. This presentation includes the results
from the subcommittee: https://
www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2016-BTSTD-0004-0027.
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using automatic speed adjustment based
on the factory selected control setting,
manual speed adjustment, or simulated
pressure signal to trace a factory
selected control curve setting that will
achieve the test point flow rates with a
head at or above the reference system
curve. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9
at p. 7) To test circulator pumps with
pressure controls under this
recommendation, manufacturers would
select a pressure-based control curve for
the purpose of the test procedure,
provided that all of the head values that
result from that are at or above the
reference system curve discussed in
section III.D.2. For example, Figure III.1
depicts three fixed pressure control
options (low, medium, and high), but
only the highest pressure control option
results in head values that are all at or
above the reference system curve. Under
the CPWG’s recommendation, the speed
of the pump would be adjusted
according to the selected control curve
using one of three methods: Manual
speed adjustment, simulated pressure
signal, or automatic adjustment.
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Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating
(hp);
wi = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at
test points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent
of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = power input to the driver at each test
point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of the flow at BEP.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendations #6A at pp. 4–5 and #7
at p.6); 86 FR 24516, 24523–24524.
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72111
Max. Speed Curve
Reference Curve
Flow(gpm)
The CPWG also recommended that if
a circulator pump with pressure
controls is tested with automatic speed
adjustment, that the pump can be
manually adjusted to achieve 100
percent BEP flow and head point at max
speed. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9
at p. 7); 86 FR 24516, 24524. DOE
interpreted this to mean that the test
point at 100 percent BEP flow and
maximum speed may be generated using
a combination of alternative speed
control and throttling. This modification
would be necessary in the event the
manufacturer-selected control curve
does not intersect the maximum speed
pump curve at the BEP of the pump, as
shown in Figure III.1. In such a case, the
test point at 100 percent of BEP flow
and maximum speed could be generated
from the control curve at the maximum
speed setting of the pump and throttled
to reach the specific test point.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on the recommended test
methods, test points, and weights for
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18:33 Dec 17, 2021
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circulator pumps with pressure
controls. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
HI recommended that DOE implement
the testing methodology in HI 41.5–2021
section 41.5.3.4.2 for pressure control,
which does not require all test points on
a control curve to exist above the
reference curve. Specifically, HI
asserted that the minimum system
control head should be the value at 25
percent BEP on the reference curve for
the manual control (and pressure
control) method. HI stated that it found
that intersecting the pump curve at BEP
and requiring the control mode to be
above the reference curve was too
limiting. HI asserted that this approach
did not represent the controls available
in the market, nor did it properly
demonstrate the benefit of the onboard
controls. HI stated that section
41.5.3.4.2 allows controls to be rated
below the reference curve with power
correction back to the reference curve.
(HI, No. 112 at 4) HI stated that this
change eliminates the need for all
control curves to exist above the
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reference curve, allowing for a better
presentation of control curves used in
the market and for the circulator pump
CEI values to better represent a pump’s
capabilities. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2) HI
provided an additional appendix in
support of its recommendation for the
changes. (HI, No. 112 at p.11–12)
Grundfos recommended that DOE
accept the approach defined in HI 41.5
for calculating CEI that allows for
constant pressure control methods to be
rated across the entire curve. (Grundfos,
No. 113 at p. 2)
The CA IOUs stated that experiences
with field testing the metric on
circulator pumps in the market led to
discovering unintended challenges of
testing both constant and proportional
pressure controls in most applications.
The CA IOUs noted that these products
generally operate at head pressure
below or significantly below the
reference curve at one or more
measurement points; thus, most
programmed pressure control curves in
a product are not testable under the
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Figure 111.1. Illustration of Testing of Pressure Controls with Multiple Control
Curve Options
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previous methodology. Some products
do not have any pre-set control methods
that meet all the requirements and thus
must be tested as having no controls.
The CA IOUs added that all of the below
reference curve performance
measurements remain valid after
adjustment, since the adjustment uses
an assumed constant efficiency
calculation. The CA IOUs asserted that
this ensures that products do not gain
any arbitrary input power advantage
from the head pressure below the
reference curve adjustment. The CA
IOUs stated that not addressing this
issue would force DOE to grant
numerous test procedure waivers. (CA
IOUs, No. 116 at pp.2, 4–5)
DOE has reviewed the revised test
method for pressure control in section
41.5.3.4.2 of HI 41.5–2021. DOE notes
that HI 41.5–2021 does not include the
CPWG recommendation to allow
manual adjustment of automatic speed
adjusted controls to achieve 100 percent
BEP flow and head point at maximum
speed (although this provision is
included for adaptive pressure controls,
discussed later in this section). As
stated previously, DOE did not
understand this recommendation to
mean that the pressure control curve
should intersect the pump curve at BEP,
which HI noted in their comments was
too limiting. However, section 41.5.3.4.2
#2a–c of HI 41.5–2021 in general allows
for throttling in combination with any of
the three recommended methods to
adjust speed: Automatic speed
adjustment based on the factory selected
control setting, manual speed
adjustment, or simulated pressure signal
to trace a factory selected control curve
setting. In addition, as noted by HI, HI
41.5–2021 also contains a requirement
that the control curve setting must
achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the
reference curve. DOE understands this
to mean that a control curve cannot
include artificial limitations on speed.
Otherwise, DOE understands that any
control curve would be able to achieve
100 percent of BEP flow of the reference
curve after intersecting with the
maximum speed curve. Finally, DOE
understands that the provision that the
control must produce head equal to or
greater than 25 percent of BEP head at
a minimum of one test point is designed
to limit testing of control curves that
would not be viable in the field.
DOE agrees with commenters that it is
important for the test method to capture
the variety of pressure controls on the
market, and that correction back to the
reference curve would prevent any
unfair advantage among the variety of
controls on the market. DOE notes that
in this proposal, all three curves
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depicted in Figure III.1 could be used in
this test method. For all of these
reasons, DOE is proposing a test method
for circulator pumps with pressure
controls consistent with the method
included in HI 41.5–2021. Specifically,
DOE proposes that circulator pumps
with pressure controls be tested at test
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow based on a manufacturerselected control curve that is available
to the end user, must produce a head
equal to or greater than 25 percent of
BEP head at a minimum of one test
point, and must achieve 100 percent
BEP flow of the reference curve. DOE
proposes that such the test points may
be obtained based on automatic speed
adjustment, manual speed adjustment,
or simulated pressure signal, or a
combination of these adjustments,
including throttling. Additionally, DOE
proposes that the CEI for circulator
pumps with pressure controls be
calculated with the unique weights and
test points as shown in equation (4).
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method for circulator
pumps with pressure controls,
including whether DOE’s interpretation
of the new provisions in HI 41.5–2021
are accurate.
DOE is aware of some circulator
pumps that are equipped with useradjustable pressure controls such that
the maximum and minimum head
values on the control curve can be set
to specifically match the system into
which the pump is being installed.
DOE’s interpretation HI 41.5–2021 is
that these types of controls are not
addressed in the industry standard. To
test such controls, DOE proposes that
the maximum and minimum head
values on user-adjustable pressure
controls may be adjusted, if possible, to
coincide with a maximum head value at
the pump’s BEP and a minimum head
value equivalent to 20 percent of the
BEP head value (consistent with the
static offset of the proposed reference
system curve). If only the maximum or
minimum head value can be adjusted,
DOE proposes that only the adjustable
setting would be adjusted. In either
case, DOE also proposes that the settings
can be adjusted for testing only if they
are adjustable by the user. DOE believes
that this proposed methodology would
result in the most representative
performance of such adjustable controls
by preventing the testing of specifically
tuned control options that would not be
representative of likely field
performance. DOE notes that further
adjustment to attain 100 percent of BEP
head would be required.
In summary, for adjustable pressure
controls with user-adjustable maximum
PO 00000
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and/or minimum head values, DOE
proposes to allow one-time manual
adjustment of the maximum and/or
minimum control curve head values, as
applicable, to coincide with a maximum
head value at the pump’s BEP and a
minimum head value equivalent to 20
percent of the BEP head value with all
subsequent test points taken along the
adjusted control curve.
DOE requests comment on whether
specific test provisions for circulator
pumps equipped with user-adjustable
pressure controls are needed, and if so,
on the proposed provisions for such
pumps.
The CPWG also identified a specific
style of pressure control that adapts the
control curve setting dynamically to the
system in which it is installed; the
CPWG referred to this style of pressure
control as adaptive pressure controls.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 72 at p. 45) As discussed in the
introduction to section III.D, adaptive
pressure controls are installed in similar
applications as pressure controls, but
can also be effective at reducing the
head and flow provided in single-zone
systems to adjust for typical pump
oversizing. Also, due to the ability of
adaptive pressure controls to measure
and automatically adjust to the system
requirements over time, adaptive
pressure controls can result in
optimized performance and energy use
as compared to pressure-based controls.
The CPWG noted that current adaptive
pressure controls are learning-based
controls that gradually adjust the
pressure control set point over time
based on the needs of the system.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 72 at pp. 45–46) As such, the CPWG
recommended separate test methods for
pressure controls and adaptive pressure
controls, noting the difference in
operation and control logic between the
control varieties. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 73 at p. 176)
Specifically, the CPWG discussed that
since adaptive pressure controls
gradually adjust the control curve over
time to optimize the pressure control
performance for the system in which it
is installed, the test method specified
for circulator pumps with pressure
controls was not applicable because
there is no fixed pressure control curve
that can be evaluated. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 72 at
pp. 45–46) Instead, adaptive pressure
controls have a control ‘‘area’’ that is
defined by a minimum head value
(Hauto_min and Hset_min), the maximum
speed pump curve, and a maximum
head value (Hset), as depicted in in
Figure III.2.
E:\FR\FM\20DEP2.SGM
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Max. Speed Curve
Referenee Cmve
~.· ·H
flt.:_min
\
\
\
\
'
I
Flow(gpm)
Within the adaptive pressure control
‘‘area,’’ a multitude of different control
curves may be selected based on the
detected system head requirements.
Therefore, the CPWG discussed the
need to specify the ‘‘control curve’’
within an adaptive pressure control’s
control area along which such controls
would be evaluated. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 66 at pp. 95–
98) For circulator pumps with adaptive
pressure controls, the CPWG
recommended that testing be conducted
at the minimum thresholds for head
based on manufacturer literature and
through manual speed adjustment to
achieve the test point flow rates with
head values at or above the reference
curve. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9
at p. 7); 86 FR 24516, 24524.
For example, in Figure III.2, the
CPWG recommended test method
would result in minimum head
thresholds of Hauto_min at no flow
conditions and Hset_min at maximum
flow, essentially the bottom edge of the
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adaptive pressure control area.
However, DOE notes that the CPWG also
specified that the test points could not
be below the reference system curve
(specified in section III.D.2), similar to
pressure controls. Therefore, the CPWG
discussed how adaptive pressure
controls would be tested through
manual speed adjustment to test points
that are at or above the reference system
curve or minimum head thresholds of
the adaptive pressure control area,
whichever is greater. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 66 at pp. 95–
98) This results in, for example, the test
points denoted with the circles along
the minimum pressure setting curve and
the reference system curve in Figure
III.2.
In response to the May 2021 RFI, DOE
requested comment on the
recommended test methods, test points,
and weights for circulator pumps with
adaptive pressure controls. 86 FR 24516,
24524.
In response, the CA IOUs encouraged
DOE to incorporate representative field
data for adaptive controls in a future test
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method, asserting there may be a
minimal relationship between the
preloaded defaults or reference curve
and the eventual operating points of
these devices in the field, in aggregate.
The CA IOUs further recommended that
DOE collaborate with industry to
develop test procedures for these units
to capture energy savings occurring in
the overall marketplace. (CA IOUs, No.
116 at p. 7)
Grundfos commented that adaptive
pressure control should not be an
allowed test method in DOE’s
regulations. Grundfos stated that
adaptive pressure controls cannot be
tested in the way they operate. Grundfos
commented that because the
recommended test procedure would
allow such pumps to be manually
adjusted to the reference curve, a
manufacturer could state that any
product has adaptive pressure controls
and test the product in a manner that is
not aligned with actual performance.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3)
DOE notes that the test method for
such controls in HI 41.5–2021 (section
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Figure 111.2 Most Common Adaptive Control Operating Conditions and Proposed
Test Method Test Points
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41.5.3.4.2 #4) is consistent with the
CPWG recommendation. Section
41.5.3.4.2 #4 also allows for manual
adjustment to achieve 100 percent BEP
flow and head point at max speed.
In response to Grundfos, DOE notes
that, as recommended by the CPWG, the
proposed test procedure would require
minimum head thresholds to be
documented in the manufacturer
literature associated with the given
circulator pump model and be
accessible based on the capabilities of
the control with which the pump is
distributed in commerce. That is, the
minimum head thresholds may be
manually set before testing the pump
(similar to adjustable pressure controls),
but such adjustment must be possible
on the control with which the circulator
pump is distributed in commerce and
described in the manufacturer’s
literature. DOE believes this would
ensure that the evaluated control
threshold is representative of minimum
head values that are realized in the
field.
In response to the CA IOUs, DOE
welcomes additional field data that
could provide more information to
support a future update of any finalized
adaptive control test method. Based on
the information currently available,
DOE has tentatively determined that the
adaptive pressure control test method
recommended by the CPWG and
proposed in this NOPR is reasonably
designed to reflect energy use under
typical operating conditions.
In summary, consistent with HI 41.5–
2021, for adaptive pressure controls,
DOE proposes to test at each test point
at the minimum thresholds for head
noted in the manufacturer literature or
the head values specified along the
reference system curve, whichever is
greater. In addition, although not
included in HI 41.5–2021, DOE also
proposes that if the pump does not have
a manual control mode available, the
speed would be adjusted based on the
pressure control mode with the lowest
head at each load point, and if the
selected pressure control results in a
head value below the reference system
curve, the pump would be throttled to
achieve a head value at or above the
reference system curve.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test methods for circulator
pumps with adaptive pressure controls,
and in particular on the proposed
provisions not included in HI 41.5–
2021, including for pumps without a
manual control mode, whether
throttling should be allowed to achieve
head above the reference system curve,
or instead head should be allowed
below the reference system curve and
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adjusted back to the curve, as with other
non-adaptive pressure controls. DOE
also requests comment on the HI 41.5–
2021 provision for manual adjustment
to achieve 100 percent BEP flow and
heat point at max speed, which is not
included for other pressure controls.
4. Temperature Control
As previously discussed and as
presented in the May 2021 RFI,
temperature controls are controls that
automatically adjust the speed of the
variable speed drive in the pump
continuously over the operating speed
range to respond to a change in
temperature of the operating fluid in the
system. Typically, temperature controls
are designed to achieve a fixed
temperature differential between the
supply and return lines and adjust the
flow rate through the system by
adjusting the speed to achieve the
specified temperature differential.
Similar to pressure controls,
temperature controls are also designed
primarily for hydronic heating
applications. However, temperature
controls may be installed in single- or
multi-zone systems and will optimize
the circulator pump’s operating speed to
provide the necessary flow rate based on
the heat load in each zone. Unlike
pressure controls, there are no
minimum head requirements inherent
to the temperature control, so
temperature controls have the potential
to use the least amount energy to serve
a given load. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
The CPWG recommended that for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with temperature controls,
PERCIRC should be calculated in the
same way and with the same weights as
for pressure controls, as shown in
equation (4).(Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation
#6A at pp. 4–5); 86 FR 24516, 24524.
As temperature controls serve similar
hydronic heating applications as
pressure controls, the CPWG assigned
the same weights, which are
representative of the loads the circulator
pump is serving. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at pp. 113–
115) Specifically, for circulator pumps
with temperature controls, the CPWG
recommended weights of 0.05, 0.40,
0.40, and 0.15 at test points of 25, 50,
75, and 100 percent of BEP flow,
respectively. (Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation
#7 at p.6)
Since circulator pumps with
temperature controls are not limited by
head requirements present in pressure
controls and can match the required
speed to meet the demand of the system,
the head values at the specified flow
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rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow are not dictated by the control
curve logic. As such, the temperature
control is able to achieve the exact head
values at each flow rate described by the
reference system curve (discussed in
section III.D.2). Assuming the reference
system curve represents a typical
system, testing temperature controls
along the reference system curve
represents their likely performance
because temperature controls have the
ability to sense and respond precisely to
the load on the system.
In addition to the test points, the
CPWG also discussed how circulator
pumps with temperature control should
be controlled during testing. The CPWG
discussed how testing temperature
controls using conditioned water would
be extremely burdensome and
expensive. The CPWG discussed that
providing less burdensome options for
testing would represent a reasonable
compromise to reduce the burden
associated with testing temperature
controls, while still resulting in
representative energy performance
ratings. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 70 at pp. 282–288)
Therefore, the CPWG recommended that
circulator pumps with temperature
controls be tested based on manual
speed adjustment or with a simulated
temperature signal to activate the
temperature-based control to achieve
the test point flow rates with a head at
or above the reference curve. (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #9 at p. 7); 86 FR
24516, 24524.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested
comment on the recommended test
methods, test points, and weights for
circulator pumps with temperature
controls. Specifically, DOE requested
comment on whether the technology or
market for such controls has changed
sufficiently since the term sheet to
warrant a different approach. 86 FR
24516, 24524.
HI stated that it was not aware of any
technical or market changes. (HI, No.
112 at p. 4) Grundfos stated that
temperature control is a form of external
control (i.e., temperature sensor input to
the controller), and that therefore,
temperature control should be removed
and included as part of external control
for testing purposes. Grundfos
suggested, however, that in this case
manufacturers should be allowed to
identify temperature control on their
products. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3–4)
DOE notes that the temperature
control test method recommended by
the CPWG is consistent with that in
section 41.5.3.4.3 of HI 41.5–2021. In
response to Grundfos, DOE notes that
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the CPWG considered the category of
external input signal controls as
separate from temperature controls.
Specifically, the CPWG noted that
unlike pressure and temperature
controls, for external input signal
controls, the logic that defines how the
circulator pump operating speed is
selected in response to some measured
variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, or
boiler fire rate) is not integral to the
circulator as distributed in commerce.
Instead, it is part of another control
system, such as a building management
system or a boiler control system.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 72 at p. 83–84) DOE also notes that
the test method recommended by the
CPWG and in HI 41.5–2021 for
circulator pumps with external input
signal controls only and that cannot
operate without an external signal
control is the same as the test method
for circulator pumps with temperature
control. However, the CPWG
recommended, and HI 41.5–2021
included, a different test method for
external input signal controls with other
control varieties or that can be operated
without external input signal control.
The reasons for this difference are
discussed in section III.D.6. As such,
DOE proposes to remain consistent with
the CPWG recommendations and HI
41.5–2021 regarding specification of a
temperature control test method.
DOE tentatively determines that the
CPWG for temperature controls would
72115
allow for temperature controls to be
tested in a way that captures the
potential energy savings from this
control variety without being overly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct. Therefore, DOE proposes to
adopt the recommendations of the
CPWG to test temperature controls
based on manual speed adjustment or
with simulated temperature signal to
activate the temperature-based control
to achieve the test point flow rates with
a head at or above the reference system
curve. Additionally, DOE proposes to
use the weights and test points shown
in equation (4) for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with
temperature controls.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test methods, test points, and
weights for circulator pumps with
temperature controls.
many manual speed control circulator
pumps operate at full speed in the field,
while a portion of them may be turned
down to a medium or low speed to suit
the needs of the systems. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 65 at
pp. 131–133); 86 FR 24516, 24524.
5. Manual Speed Control
To accomplish a single rating
representative of the ‘‘average’’ energy
use of a manual speed circulator, the
CPWG recommended that for circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with
manual speed controls, the PERCIRC
should be calculated as the weighted
average of Pin,max (the weighted average
input power at specific load points
across the maximum speed curve) and
Pin,reduced (the weighted average input
power at specific load points at reduced
speed), but recommended separate load
points and speed factors, as shown in
equations (5), (6), and (7):
As discussed previously and as stated
in the May 2021 RFI, manual speed
controls are a control variety for which
the speed of the pump is adjusted
manually, typically to one of several
pre-set speeds, by a dial or a control
panel to fit the demand of the system
within which it is installed. The CPWG
discussed how circulator pumps
installed with manual speed controls
are typically only adjusted one time
upon installation, if at all, and will
operate at that set speed as if it were a
single-speed circulator pump. As such,
Therefore, the CPWG recommended
to test circulator pumps with manual
speed controls both: (1) Along the
maximum speed circulator pump curve
to achieve the test point flow rates for
the max speed input power values, and
(2) based on manual speed adjustment
to the lowest speed setting that will
achieve a head at or above the reference
curve at the test point flow rate for the
reduced speed input power values.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7); 86
FR 24516, 24524.
(5)
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating
(hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.75;
p.inmax
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum rotating speed of the
circulator (hp), as specified in equation
(6);
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.25; and
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced rotating speed of the circulator
(hp), as specified in equation (7).
=L
~ w-imax (P-m,imax
. )
i
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Pin,i_max = power input to the driver at
maximum rotating speed of the
circulator pump at each test point i (hp);
and
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i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of the flow at BEP.
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Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum speed of the circulator (hp);
wi_max = 0.25;
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p.inreduced
=L
~ w-ireduced (P-m,ireduced
.
)
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Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced speeds of the circulator (hp);
wi_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = power input to the driver at
reduced rotating speed of the circulator
pump at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, and 75
percent of the flow at BEP of max speed
and head values at or above the reference
curve.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendation #6B and 7 at pp. 5–6);
86 FR 24516, 24524–24525.
The CPWG specified the speed factor
for maximum speed (zmax) and reduced
speed (zreduced) to represent the
likelihood that the circulator pump
would operate at maximum versus
reduced speed, or the likelihood that an
installer would turn down the speed of
the circulator pump in the field. The
CPWG concluded that about 75 percent
of the time, circulator pumps with
manual speed controls are operated at
maximum speed. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 71 at p. 377)
Therefore, the CPWG recommended that
the speed factor for maximum speed
(zmax) should be 0.75 and the speed
factor for reduced speed (zreduced) should
be 0.25. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation #7
at p. 6)
The CPWG concluded that when a
circulator pump with manual speed
control is installed and set to maximum
speed, it operates like a single-speed
pump and should receive the same
weighting as a circulator pump with no
controls for the maximum speed
weights, represented as wi_max in
equation (6). (Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at pp. 183–184)
For the weights associated with reduced
speeds using manual speed controls, the
CPWG concluded that equal weighting
of 0.3333 for each of the reduced speed
points of 25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP
flow at maximum speed would best
represent the ‘‘average’’ performance of
the manual speed circulator pump at
reduced speed, represented as wi_reduced
in equation (7). (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 71 at pp. 433–
437)
DOE requested comment on the
CPWG-recommended test method and
the unique test points, weights, and
speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with manual
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speed controls. Specifically, DOE
requested comment on whether the
technology or market for such controls
has changed sufficiently since the term
sheet to warrant a different approach. 86
FR 24516, 24525.
Grundfos recommended that DOE
remove manual speed control from the
regulation, stating that these pumps
should be tested as circulator pumps
with no control. (Grundfos, No. 113 at
p. 4) Grundfos asserted that these
devices are not manually controlled in
real application and are simply set at a
desired speed, violating the intention of
energy savings and the intention of the
ability to reduce speed during
operation. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3)
DOE notes that the CPWG specifically
addressed the issues raised by Grundfos
in discussing how the test points at
maximum speed were designed to
represent the performance at maximum
speed and account for operation at
maximum speed the majority of the
time, while the test points at reduced
speed allowed some ‘‘credit’’ for being
able to reduce speed. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at p. 201–
202) As stated previously, the CPWG
concluded that about 75 percent of the
time, circulator pumps with manual
speed controls are operated at maximum
speed, as reflected in its recommended
procedure. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–
STD–0004, No. 71 at p. 377) For these
reasons, DOE proposes to include
manual speed control as a test method
in the circulator pump test procedure.
HI recommended using the modified
testing methodology in HI 41.5–2021
section 41.5.3.4.5 for manual speed
control. Specifically, HI believes the
minimum system control head should
be the value at 25 percent BEP on the
reference curve for the manual control
(and pressure control) method. HI
described its findings that intersecting
the pump curve at BEP and requiring
the control mode to be above the
reference curve was too limiting. HI
asserted that this did not represent the
controls available in the market, nor did
it properly demonstrate the benefit of
the onboard controls. HI commented
that section 41.5.3.4.5 allows controls to
be rated below the reference curve with
power correction back to the reference
curve. (HI, No. 112 at 5) HI stated that
this change eliminates the need for all
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control curves to exist above the
reference curve, allowing for a better
presentation of control curves used in
the market and for the circulator pump
CEI values to better represent a pump’s
capabilities. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2)
The Advocates supported the update
in HI 41.5–2021 that includes a
modification to correct for test data
below the reference curve, stating that
this improves representativeness for
many circulator pump models.
(Advocates, No. 114 at pp. 1–2) As
stated previously, NEEA generally
supported adopting HI 41.5–2021 as the
test method for pumps, which
incorporates these modifications
discussed by HI and the Advocates.
(NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4)
DOE tentatively determines the CPWG
recommendations regarding the test
method for manual speed control
circulator pumps are appropriate and
representative, as they account for the
likelihood that a circulator pump with
manual speed controls will be installed
and operated at maximum speed, but
also accounts for the potential energy
savings associated with reduced speed
operation. However, DOE understands
that through stakeholders’ experience
with using this test method, certain
changes to the term sheet
recommendations would improve
representativeness by capturing the
benefit of onboard controls available in
the market. Therefore, DOE proposes to
test circulator pumps with manual
speed controls consistent with the
provisions in section 41.5.3.4.5 of HI
41.5–2021, as follows: (1) The tested
control must produce head equal to or
greater than 25 percent of BEP head at
a minimum of one test point (HI 41.5–
2021 section 41.5.3.4.5 #2a), and (2) the
control curve setting being evaluated
must achieve 100 percent BEP flow of
the reference curve (HI 41.5–2021
section 41.5.3.4.5 #2b). DOE also
proposes that the CER be calculated as
the weighted average of Pin,max and
Pin,reduced, as shown in equations (5), (6),
and (7), but with removal of the
requirements for test points to be at or
above the reference curve. DOE notes
that HI 41.5–2021 section 41.5.3.4.5 #3
still retains that provision, which DOE
assumes to be an error based on HI’s
comments and recommendations in
response to the May 2020 RFI.
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DOE also notes that the introductory
text of HI 41.5–2021 section 41.5.3.4.5
specifies that the test method applies to
manual speed control, which can be
operated without an external input
signal, but DOE also believes this
provision is superfluous as manual
speed controls by definition do not
require an external input signal.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors
for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with manual speed controls.
6. External Input Signal Control
As discussed previously and as stated
in the May 2021 RFI, the final control
variety considered by the CPWG was
external input signal controls. External
input signal controls are controls in
which the device that responds to the
stimulus, or the primary control logic, is
external to the circulator pump. Unlike
pressure and temperature controls, the
logic that defines how the circulator
pump operating speed is selected in
response to some measured variable
(e.g., temperature, pressure, or boiler
fire rate) is not part of the circulator, as
distributed in commerce. Instead, it is
part of another control system, such as
a building management system or a
boiler control system. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 72 at p.
84) 86 FR 24516, 24525.
For circulator pumps that have only
an external input signal control, the
CPWG recommended testing along the
reference control curve to achieve the
test point flow rates with a head at or
above the reference system curve with
the same weights as temperature and
pressure controls, as shown in equation
(4). The CPWG recommended that, in
order to ensure that the rating was
representative of the performance of
such pumps, the external input signal
control must be the only control mode
that can be used with the circulator
pump, and the circulator pump must
not be able to operate without an
external input signal. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendations #9 at pp. 7–8); 86 FR
24516, 24525.
The CPWG asserted that if external
input signal control is one of multiple
options available on a circulator pump,
or the pump is able to operate without
an external input signal, it is less likely
that the external input signal control
option is going to be utilized since it
requires external logic and equipment in
order to operate properly. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 72 at
pp. 216–218, 229). The CPWG
recommended testing circulator pumps
72117
with external input signal controls
similar to manual speed controls.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 47 at p. 480) Specifically, the CPWG
recommended testing a circulator pump
sold with external input signal controls
and another control variety with a
simulated signal both: (1) Along the
maximum speed circulator pump curve
to achieve the test point flow rates for
the max speed input power values and
(2) with speed adjustment using a
simulated signal to the lowest speed
setting that will achieve a head at or
above the reference curve at the test
point flow rates for the reduced speed
input power values. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #9 at pp. 7–8); 86 FR
24516, 24525.
As such, the CPWG recommended
that for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
controls among other control varieties,
the PERCIRC should be calculated as the
weighted average of Pin,max (the weighted
average input power at specific load
points across the maximum speed
curve) and Pin,reduced (the weighted
average input power at specific load
points at reduced speed), similar to
circulator pumps with manual speed
control, as shown in equation (8), (9),
and (10):
(8)
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating
(hp);
p.inmax
Zmax = speed factor weight of 0.30;
Pin—max = weighted average input power at
maximum rotating speed of the
circulator pump (hp);
'w-
=L
tmax
Zreduced = weighted average input power at
reduced rotating speed of the circulator
(hp).
(P-m,imax
. )
p.inreduced
'w-
=L
ireduced
circulator pump at each test point i
(hp);and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of the flow at BEP.
(P-m,ireduced
.
)
(10)
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Wi—max = 0.25;
Pin.i—max = power input to the driver at
maximum rotating speed of the
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Where:
Pin—max = weighted average input power at
maximum speed of the circulator (hp);
EP20DE21.011</GPH>
(9)
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Where:
Pin—reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced speeds of the circulator pump
(hp);
Wi—reduced = 0.3333;
Pin.i—reduced = power input to the driver at
reduced rotating speed of the circulator
pump at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75 percent
of the flow at BEP of max speed and
head values at or above the reference
curve.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendations #6B and #7 at pp. 5–
6); 86 FR 24516, 24525–24526.
The CPWG recommended the speed
factors of 0.30 at maximum speed and
0.70 at reduced speed in order to
produce a rating on an equivalent basis
as that of a circulator pump with a
typical differential pressure control.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #7 at p. 6). In
addition, these speed factors would
represent the likelihood that a circulator
pump with an external input signal
control is selected to operate with that
external input signal control, and
whether the signal it receives results in
the circulator pump reducing speed. 86
FR 24516, 24526.
DOE requested comment on the
CPWG-recommended test method for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with only external input
signal controls, as well as for those
distributed in commerce with external
input signal controls in addition to
other control varieties. Specifically,
DOE requested comment on whether the
technology or market for such controls
has changed sufficiently since the term
sheet to warrant a different approach. 86
FR 24516, 24526.
HI stated that it is not aware of any
technical or market changes. (HI, No.
112 at p. 5). As stated previously,
Grundfos recommended that external
input and temperature controls be tested
in the same way, with labeling to
differentiate these control methods for
consumer purposes. Grundfos stated
that the functional characteristics are
the same between both methods.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4) DOE
addressed this comment in section
III.D.4.
DOE notes that the CPWGrecommended test method for circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with
only external input signal controls is
generally consistent with that found in
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section 41.5.3.4.4 of HI 41.5–2021. HI
41.5–2021 contains additional
specifications not found in CPWG
recommendations that, for circulator
pumps with only external input signal
control, manual speed adjustment or
simulated external input signal can be
used to achieve the relevant flow rates
(section 41.5.3.4.4.1 #2). DOE also notes
that the CPWG-recommended test
method for circulator pumps distributed
in commerce with external input signal
controls in addition to other control
varieties is mostly consistent with that
found in section 41.5.3.4.4.2 of HI 41.5–
2021. However, where the CPWG
recommendations specify testing using a
simulated signal, whereas HI 41.5–2021
specifies testing using manual speed
adjustment (section 41.4.3.4.4.2 #2). In
addition, HI 41.5–2021 does not specify
using the lowest speed setting that
results in a head value at or above the
reference system curve; rather, it
specifies to manually adjust the speed to
achieve the specified flow rates with
head at or above the reference control
curve (section 41.4.3.4.4.2 #2).
DOE proposes to specify a test method
for circulator pumps sold only with
external input signal control and that
cannot operate without an external
input signal. Specifically, DOE proposes
to test along the reference system curve
to achieve the test point flow rates with
a head at or above the reference curve,
and that CEI would be calculated as
shown in equation (2). DOE also
proposes to test circulator pumps sold
with external input signal controls along
with other controls, or which can be
operated without an external input
signal control, both: (1) Along the
maximum speed circulator pump curve
to achieve the test point flow rates for
the max speed input power values and
(2) with speed adjustment that will
achieve a head at or above the reference
system curve at the test point flow rates
for the reduced speed input power
values. DOE proposes that in either
case, either manual speed adjustment or
simulated external input signal can be
used to achieve the relevant flow rates.
DOE is not proposing that the speed
adjustment include the ‘‘lowest speed
setting’’ that results in a head value at
or above the reference system curve;
however, DOE addresses this issue in its
enforcement provision proposals
(section III.F.2). Finally, DOE proposes
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that the CEI should be calculated as the
weighted average of Pin,max and Pin,reduced,
as shown in equations (8), (9), and (10).
Based on consideration of the CPWG
recommendations and stakeholder
comments, DOE tentatively concludes
that the proposed test provisions for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
controls would produce representative
results for such equipment and would
not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors
for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
controls. In particular, DOE requests
comment on whether manual speed
adjustment and/or simulated external
input signal are appropriate for testing
circulator pumps with external input
signal only, as well as circulator pumps
with external input signal in addition to
other control varieties. DOE also seeks
comment on whether it is necessary to
reference the ‘‘lowest speed setting’’
when determining the appropriate test
points. Finally, DOE seeks comment on
whether the test points and weights for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
control in addition to other control
varieties are appropriately reflective of
their energy consumption in the field
relative to other control varieties.
7. No Controls
As discussed previously and as stated
in the May 2021 RFI, for circulator
pumps with no controls,24 the CPWG
recommended testing the pump along
the maximum speed circulator pump
curve to achieve the test point flow rates
of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP
flow. (Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–
0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p.
7); 86 FR 24516, 24526.
The CPWG also recommended that for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce without manual speed
controls, pressure controls, temperature
controls or external input signal
controls, PERCIRC should be calculated
with the unique weights and test points
as shown in equation (11):
24 In this document, circulator pumps with no
controls are also inclusive of other potential control
varieties that are not one of the specifically
identified control varieties.
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PERcrnc
=
72119
L Wt(Ptn,t)
i
(11)
The CPWG recommended the 0.25
weights at each test point (i.e., 25, 50,
75, and 100 percent of the flow at BEP)
in order to account for the variety of
systems and operating points a singlespeed circulator pump may encounter.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 70 at pp. 172–173); 86 FR 24516,
24526.
DOE requested comment on the
CPWG-recommended test methods, test
points, and weights for circulator
pumps with no controls. 86 FR 24516,
24526.
HI stated that it is not aware of any
changes; however, HI recommended
that DOE change the term ‘‘no controls’’
to ‘‘full speed’’ to ensure market clarity
and align with common terminology.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 5) Grundfos also
recommended that DOE change this
name to Full Speed to clarify the intent
of the testing and make it clear that this
test method is only to define the
baseline circulator pump CEI and is not
a qualified control method for rating a
circulator pump by itself. (Grundfos,
No. 113 at p. 4)
DOE notes that the CPWG
recommended test method for circulator
pumps with no controls is consistent
with that in section 41.5.3.4.1 of HI
41.5–2021 (‘‘Determination of CER—
Full Speed’’). In response to Grundfos,
DOE notes that the ‘‘no controls’’ test
method as recommended by the CPWG
and as proposed in this NOPR is a test
method for rating a pump that does not
have any of the other controls for which
a test method is specified. DOE
proposes to define this test method
separately from the calculation to
determine the CERSTD. In response to
HI, DOE understands that as part of the
HI Energy Rating program,
manufacturers are using the no controls
test to determine the most consumptive
rating for their pumps. Therefore, in
order to provide regulatory clarity about
which pumps must be rated using the
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‘‘no controls’’ test method, but also
accommodate the option for any pump
to be rated using the ‘‘no controls’’ test
method, DOE proposes to refer to this
test method in the regulatory text as the
test method for circulator pumps
without external signal, manual,
pressure, or temperature controls (i.e.,
full speed test). DOE also proposes
additional language in the scope section
regarding this clarification.
Consistent with the recommendations
of the CPWG, DOE proposes to test
circulator pumps without external input
signal, manual, pressure, or temperature
controls along the maximum speed
circulator pump curve to achieve the
test point flow rates. DOE agrees that
since these circulator pumps with no
controls are single-speed controls and
only have a single speed, testing at
maximum speed is representative of the
typical operation of circulator pumps
with no controls. Additionally, DOE
proposes to use equation (11) with the
unique weights and test points to test
circulator pumps with no controls, with
nomenclature updated from PERCIRC to
CER.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method for circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with no
controls.
E. Determination of Circulator Pump
Performance
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, as part
of the September 2016 CPWG
Recommendations, the CPWG
recommended that all test points be
tested on a wire-to-water basis, in
accordance with HI 40.6–2014, with
minor modifications. The CPWG also
recommended that if an updated version
of HI 40.6 is published prior to
publication of the test procedure final
rule, DOE should review and
incorporate the updated version.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58, Recommendation #10 at p. 8–9);
86 FR 24516, 24526. The CPWG also
recommended several modifications
related to frequency of data collection,
BEP speed, electrical measurement
equipment, relevant parameters at
specific load points, power supply
characteristics, and rounding of values
for calculating and reporting purposes.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #10 at pp. 8–
9)
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Two updated versions of HI 40.6—HI
40.6–2016 and HI 40.6–2021—have
been published since the CPWG
meetings concluded. Section III.E.1
discusses HI 40.6–2021, the industry
standard, which DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference, for measuring
the performance of circulator pumps,
noting the changes made from the
previous version of HI 40.6–2014. DOE
believes that it is necessary to make
several exceptions, modifications, and
additions to this test procedure to
ensure accuracy and repeatability of test
measurements (sections III.E.2.a through
III.E.2.c) and that the test method
produces results that reflect energy
efficiency or energy use during a
representative average use cycle without
being unduly burdensome to conduct.
Additionally, DOE proposes specific
procedures for calculating the CEI and
rounding of values to ensure that the
resultant ratings are determined in a
consistent manner (section III.E.2.d).
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI
40.6–2021
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, in
2016, HI published an updated industry
standard, HI 40.6–2016, ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing’’
(‘‘HI 40.6–2016’’). 86 FR 24516, 24526.
This update aligned the definitions and
procedures described in HI Standard
40.6 with the DOE test procedure for
pumps published in the January 2016
TP final rule. Appendix A to subpart Y
to 10 CFR part 431. In the September
2020 Early Assessment RFI for pumps,
DOE requested comment on the
potential effect of incorporating HI
40.6–2016 by reference as the DOE test
procedure for pumps. 85 FR 60734,
60737. Grundfos, NEEA, and HI
commented that HI expects to publish
another standard update in 2021 and
urged DOE to incorporate by reference
HI 40.6–2021 rather than HI 40.6–2016
(Grundfos, Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–
TP–0032, No. 07 at p. 2; NEEA, Docket
No. EERE–2020–BT–TP–0032, No. 08 at
p. 6; HI, Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–
TP–0032, No. 06 at pp. 1, 3). HI
specified that HI 40.6–2016 included
updates to match DOE’s test procedure
for pumps, and that HI 40.6–2021 would
further include editorial revisions and
would add circulator pump testing, and
also would not impact measured values,
burden, or representativeness. (HI,
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Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating
(hp);
wi = 0.25;
Pin,i = power input to the driver at each test
point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of the flow at BEP.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No.
58 Recommendation #6A at pp. 4–5); 86 FR
24516, 24526.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 / Proposed Rules
Docket No. EERE–2020–BT–TP–0032,
No.06 at p. 3); 86 FR 24516, 24526. At
the time of the May 2021 RFI
development, HI 40.6–2021 was not yet
published.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought
comment and feedback on whether HI
40.6–2016 or HI 40.6–2021 is an
appropriate test method for conducting
wire-to-water testing of circulator
pumps, as recommended by the CPWG.
In addition, DOE sought comment on
whether the modifications in HI 40.6–
2016 and/or HI 40.6–2021 adequately
capture the CPWG recommended
modifications in Recommendation #10.
86 FR 24516, 24526.
HI stated that HI 40.6–2021 should be
incorporated by reference and that the
2021 edition modified the 2016 version
only to add specific testing
requirements for circulator pumps. (HI,
No. 112 at p. 5) Grundfos also stated
that DOE should accept HI 40.6–2021
for incorporation into the regulation and
that it provides appropriate testing
methods as defined by the CPWG.
Grundfos also stated that there were
some specific deviations from
Recommendation #10 with respect to
‘‘Relevant Parameters at Specific Load
Points.’’ Specifically, Grundfos stated
that while implementing the industry
rating program, manufacturers
identified that requiring all tested flow
points to be within ±10 percent of the
reference curve was not feasible for
pressure control, especially when
operating at constant pressure at heads
below the BEP head. Grundfos further
stated that the HI committee made
modifications to this recommendation
in HI 41.5 that preserve the integrity of
the calculation of efficiency and allow
for these products to be properly tested
and labeled. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4–
5)
NEEA, the Advocates, and the CA
IOUs recommended that DOE adopt HI
41.5–2021 as the test method for
circulator pumps. (NEEA, No. 115 at p.
4, Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1, CA IOUs,
No. 116 at p. 2) The Advocates stated
that an update to the program guideline,
HI 41.5–2021, includes a modification
to correct for test data below the
reference curve and that they
understand that this change improves
representativeness for many circulator
pump models and is consistent with the
intent of the term sheets. They also
stated that HI 41.5–2021 includes
additional minor modifications to
improve accuracy and clarity.
(Advocates, No. 114 at pp. 1–2)
Similarly, NEEA stated that HI 41.5–
2021 includes slight modifications from
the original term sheet for testing with
pressure controls that operate below the
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reference curve, and that the
modifications provide more
representative values. (NEEA, No. 115 at
p.4)
China made several requests related to
specific provisions in the HI 40.6 test
procedure. China commented that DOE
should present the information related
to pump test acceptance grades and
corresponding tolerance, referring to
Table 8 of part 4.4.1 and the provision
of part 4.4.2 in ISO 9906:2012. China
recommended that DOE clarify the
scientific basis of the selection of the 7
test points which are 40, 60, 75, 90, 100
and 120 percent of the flow rate at the
expected BEP. China further
recommended that DOE clarify the
efficiency testing method for integrated
design products of electric pumps.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3)
Since publication of the May 2021
RFI, HI has published HI 40.6–2021.
DOE has reviewed HI 40.6–2021 and
determined that the test methods
contained within HI 40.6–2021 are
generally consistent with HI 40.6–2014
and are sufficiently specific and
reasonably designed to produce test
results to determine a CEI that is
representative of an average use cycle of
applicable circulator pumps.
Specifically, Table 40.6.2 of HI 40.6–
2021, like HI 40.6–2014, defines and
explains how to calculate driver power
input,25 volume per unit time,26 pump
total head,27 and other relevant
quantities, which are essential to
determining the metric.
HI 40.6–2021 also contains
appropriate specifications regarding the
scope of pumps covered by the test
method, standard rating conditions,
equipment specifications, uncertainty
calculations, and tolerances. The
electrical measurement specification
and associated equipment specifications
in section C.4.3 of HI 40.6–2021 contain
the relevant measurement specifications
for certain non-energy metrics (i.e., true
RMS current, true RMS voltage, and real
power) that manufacturers may choose
to make representations about for each
rated circulator pump. These
specifications also describe the relevant
measurements used in the calculation of
25 The term ‘‘driver or control power input’’ in HI
40.6–2021 is defined as ‘‘the power input to the
driver or control;’’ in this NOPR, DOE refers to
‘‘driver power input’’ as the power to either the
motor or the controls, if present.
26 The term ‘‘volume per unit time’’ in HI 40.6–
2021 is defined as ‘‘. . . the volume rate of flow in
any given section . . . Also referred to as flow, flow
rate, and rate of flow.’’
27 The term ‘‘pump total head’’ is defined in HI
40.6–2021 as ‘‘the algebraic difference between the
outlet total head and the inlet total head’’ and is
used synonymously with the term ‘‘head’’ in this
document.
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true power factor (‘‘PF’’) at each
applicable load point for each circulator
pump control variety, a non-energy
metric manufacturers may wish to use
to make representations. In addition, HI
40.6–2021 contains a new appendix E
with specific test instructions for
circulator pumps. DOE notes that
section 41.5.3.1 of HI 41.5–2021
references Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021
as the test standard that governs
measurements of all test points in the
standard. DOE has reviewed HI 40.6–
2021 with respect to the minor
modifications listed by the CPWG in
Recommendation #10. DOE has found
that recommendations regarding
frequency of data collection are
included in section 40.6.5.5.1, and
recommendations regarding electrical
measurement equipment and power
supply characteristics are included in
section C.3.4.1 and Table 40.6.3.2.3. The
recommendation regarding BEP speed—
specifically, to test at max speed with
no adjustment to nominal—is addressed
in Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021, which
excludes sections 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1,
and 40.6.6.1.1, dealing with the
specified speed of rotation and
translation to that specified speed. The
recommendations for relevant
parameters at specific load points have
been addressed in Appendix E of HI
40.6–2021 as well as HI 41.5–2021, with
some modifications. These provisions
are discussed in section III.E.2.c of this
NOPR. The recommendations for
rounding values for calculation and
reporting purposes are not addressed in
HI 40.6–2021 or HI 41.5–2021; DOE
discusses these provisions in section
III.E.2.d of this document.
In response to NEEA, the Advocates,
and the CA IOUs, DOE does not propose
to incorporate by reference HI 41.5–
2021 as the test method for circulator
pumps, as noted in section II. DOE
instead proposes to rely on the industry
test standard, HI 40.6–2021, with
additional provisions in regulatory text
consistent with HI 41.5–2021.
In response to China, with respect to
section 40.6.4.4 of HI 40.6–2021, DOE
notes that HI 40.6–2021 provides
methods to determine energy efficiency
as opposed to guaranteeing certain
performance (e.g., pump head, flow,
power, or efficiency) in a particular
application. As such, acceptance grades
are not relevant. However, HI 40.6–2021
does define permissible fluctuations in
Table 40.6.3.2.2. With respect to the test
points in 40.6.5.5.1, DOE discusses
these further in section III.E.2.c of this
document.
With respect to section 40.6.3 of HI
40.6–2021 and the efficiency testing
method of integrated design products of
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electric pumps, DOE is not clear what
is meant by ‘‘integrated design
products.’’ However, section 40.6.4.4 of
HI 40.6–2021 discusses determination of
pump overall efficiency of a motor
pump unit or a complete pump (i.e.,
bare pump, mechanical equipment,
driver and drive coupled together and
treated as an integral unit). In addition,
Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021 specifies
that for circulator pumps, all power
measurements must be measured
inclusive of the driver, or driver and
controls when applicable, and refers to
section 40.6.4.4.
After considering stakeholder
comments, DOE proposes to incorporate
HI 40.6–2021, inclusive of Appendix E,
for the purposes of testing circulator
pumps, including the minor
modifications and additions discussed
previously. However, DOE also
proposes to exclude certain sections of
HI 40.6–2021 that are not relevant to
determining the CEI of tested circulator
pumps, as discussed in section III.E.2.a.
Additionally, there are specifications
that the CPWG recommended for the
circulator pump test procedure that are
not included in HI 40.6–2021, including
test arrangements for twin-head
circulator pumps and circulators-lessvolute specific procedures for
calculating the CEI and rounding of
values. DOE also discusses
determination of driver power input at
specified load points, as included in HI
40.6–2021 and HI 41.5–2021, as
compared to the CPWG
recommendations. These modifications
and additions are discussed in sections
III.E.2.b through III.E.2.d of this
document.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal to incorporate by reference HI
40.6–2021, inclusive of Appendix E,
into the proposed appendix D to subpart
Y, with the exceptions, modifications,
and additions described in section
III.E.2 of this document.
2. Exceptions, Modifications and
Additions to HI 40.6–2021
In general, DOE finds the test methods
contained within HI 40.6–2021 are
sufficiently specific and reasonably
designed to produce test results to
determine a CEI that is representative
average use cycle of applicable
circulator pumps. However, only certain
sections of HI 40.6–2021 are applicable
to the proposed circulator pump test
procedure. In addition, DOE proposes
certain exceptions, modifications, and
additions to ensure test results are
sufficiently repeatable and reproducible,
addressed in the subsequent sections
III.E.2.a through III.E.2.d of this
document.
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a. Applicability and Clarification of
Certain Sections of HI 40.6–2021
Although DOE is incorporating by
reference HI 40.6–2021 as the basis for
its test procedure, DOE notes that some
sections of the standard are not
applicable to the circulator pump test
procedure, while other sections require
additional specification regarding their
applicability when conducting the
circulator pump test procedure.
DOE is not proposing to reference
section 40.6.4.1, ‘‘Vertically suspended
pumps,’’ and section 40.6.4.2,
‘‘Submersible pumps,’’ of HI 40.6–2021
in the circulator pump test procedure
because circulator pumps are IL pumps
and are not vertical turbine or
submersible pumps. As such, the test
provisions applicable to vertical turbine
and submersible pumps described in
section 40.6.4.1 and section 40.6.4.2 of
HI 40.6–2021 would not apply to the
circulator pump test procedure.
Additionally, section 40.6.5.5.2 of HI
40.6–2021, ‘‘Speed of rotation during
test,’’ requires that the speed of rotation
to establish flow rate, pump total head,
and power input be within the range of
80 percent to 120 percent of the rated
speed. However, in the proposed
circulated pump test procedure, rated or
nominal speeds are not relevant, as DOE
is not proposing that speed be measured
as part of the test procedure. Similarly,
section 40.6.6.1, ‘‘Translation of test
results to the specified speed of
rotation,’’ describes the method by
which tested data can be translated to
the rated speed of rotation for
subsequent calculations and reporting
purposes. As DOE is not proposing that
speed be measured as part of this
circulator pump test procedure,
translation of tested results based on
speed is not necessary. As a result, DOE
is not proposing to reference sections
40.6.5.5.2 and 40.6.6.1 (including
40.6.6.1.1) of HI 40.6–2021. This is
consistent with the exclusions for
circulator pump testing in Appendix E
of HI 40.6–2021.
DOE also proposes to exclude section
40.6.5.3, ‘‘Test report,’’ that provides
requirements regarding reporting of test
results and Appendix B, ‘‘Reporting of
test results,’’ that refers to DOE’s
existing reporting requirements at 10
CFR 429.59 for general pumps, both of
which are not required for testing and
rating circulator pumps in accordance
with DOE’s procedure. Specifically, the
updated appendix B references specific
reporting requirements established in
the general pumps test procedure, of
which not all specifications are
applicable to circulator pumps. DOE
would propose specific certification and
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reporting requirements for circulator
pumps as part of an energy conservation
standard rulemaking, should such
standards be proposed.28
Finally, DOE proposes to exclude
Appendix G, ‘‘DOE compared to HI 40.6
nomenclature,’’ which refers to
nomenclature used by DOE in the
general pumps test procedure (appendix
A to subpart Y of 10 CFR part 431), and
is not in all cases consistent with the
terminology used in the proposed
circulator pump test procedure.
In summary, for the reasons stated
previously, DOE is not proposing to
reference sections 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2,
40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1,
Appendix B, and Appendix G of HI
40.6–2021 as part of the DOE test
procedure for circulator pumps.
In addition, DOE notes that Appendix
E of HI 40.6–2021 includes
modifications to testing in section
40.6.5.5.1 and 40.6.6.3, as discussed in
section III.E.2.c of this NOPR. DOE is
proposing to reference HI 40.6–2021
inclusive of Appendix E and the
modifications therein.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to not reference sections
40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2,
40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1, Appendix B, and
Appendix G of HI 40.6–2021 as part of
the DOE test procedure for circulator
pumps.
b. Testing Twin Head Circulator Pumps
and Circulators-Less-Volute
A twin head circulator pump is a type
of circulator pump that contains two
impeller assemblies, mounted in two
volutes that share a single inlet and
discharge in a common casing. HI 40.6–
2014 does not specify the procedures for
testing twin head circulator pumps. In
the May 2021 RFI, DOE noted that the
CPWG recommended that to test twin
head circulator pumps, one of the two
impeller assemblies is to be
incorporated into an adequate, single
impeller volute and casing. An
adequate, single impeller volute and
casing means a volute and casing for
which any physical and functional
characteristics that affect energy
consumption and energy efficiency are
essentially identical to their
corresponding characteristics for a
single impeller in the twin head
circulator pump volute and casing.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #11 at p. 9); 86
FR 24516, 24526–24527.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought
comment on whether the
28 For more information on any energy
conservation standard rulemaking for circulator
pumps see Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004.
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recommendation for testing twin-head
circulator pumps had been adequately
addressed in HI 40.6–2021. 86 FR
24516, 24527. HI stated that in HI 41.5–
2021, section 41.5.3 specifies the testing
of twin head pumps and refers to HI
40.6 as the testing standard to be used.
HI also noted that in section 41.5.1.5.1,
the approach for testing twin head
circulator pumps aligns with
Recommendation #11 from the CPWG.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 5) Grundfos
commented that HI 40.6 does not
directly address twin-head or
volute-less products and that DOE
would need to specify the testing
requirements for these product variants.
Grundfos further commented that HI
41.5.3 does identify how to test a
twin-head circulator pump and is
aligned with the current twin-head
testing process that DOE established for
IL products in 10 CFR part 431 subpart
Y. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 5)
DOE has reviewed the test
specification for twin head circulator
pumps and proposes the test
specifications recommended by the
CPWG for twin head circulator pumps,
which is consistent with section 41.5.3
of HI 41.5–2021 and with stakeholder
comments. This proposed treatment of
twin head circulator pumps would be
consistent with the treatment of twin
head pumps in the general pumps test
procedure at appendix A to subpart Y of
part 431.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed test procedure for twin head
circulator pumps.
As discussed in section III.B.4, a
circulator-less-volute is a circulator
pump with a complete motor that is
sold without a volute, but for which a
paired volute is available in commerce
from a manufacturer. HI 40.6–2014 did
not specify procedures for testing
circulators-less-volute. As stated in the
May 2021 RFI, the CPWG recommended
that to test circulators-less-volute, the
circulator-less-volute should be paired
with the specific volute(s) with which
the circulator pump is advertised to be
paired, based on manufacturer’s
literature, to determine the CEI rating
for each circulator-less-volute and
volute combination. (Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #12 at p. 9); 86 FR
24516, 24527.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought
comment on whether the
recommendation for circulators-lessvolute had been adequately addressed
in HI 40.6–2021. 86 FR 24516, 24527.
Grundfos stated that HI 40.6 does not
directly address volute-less products
and that DOE would need to define the
testing requirements for this product
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variant. For testing of circulating pumps
without volutes, Grundfos stated that a
‘‘reference volute’’ can be used for
testing purposes, in which the
manufacturer defines the volute to be
used during testing, and that this same
process is used in the regulated EU
market. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 1–2, 5)
China stated that the test method of
circulator-less-volute pumps has not
been specified and that DOE should
define the test method for these pumps.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3)
DOE notes that HI 41.5–2021 does not
address circulators-less-volute. As such,
DOE is proposing instructions for
testing circulators-less-volute.
Specifically, consistent with CPWG
recommendations and Grundfos’
comment, DOE proposes that the
circulator-less-volute would be paired
with specific volute(s) with which the
circulator-less-volute is offered for sale
or advertised to be paired with, and that
the combination would be subject to the
proposed applicable DOE test procedure
for that circulator-less-volute model.
DOE recognizes that circulators-lessvolute may be offered for sale or
advertised to be paired with multiple
volutes, and that each combination may
have a different CEI. Since each of these
volutes may impact the CEI rating, each
volute and circulator-less-volute pairing
would represent a unique pairing.
Therefore, DOE proposes that the CEI
for each volute and circulator-lessvolute pairing be determined separately.
In the context of other equipment, DOE
provides that manufacturers may elect
to group similar individual models
within the same equipment class into
the same basic model to reduce testing
burden, provided all representations
regarding the energy use of individual
models within that basic model are
identical and based on the most
consumptive unit. See 76 FR 12422,
12429 (Mar. 7, 2011). DOE proposes to
allow manufacturers of circulator
pumps to group similar volute and
circulator-less-volute pairings within a
given basic model rating to minimize
testing burden, while still ensuring that
the CEI rating is representative of
minimum efficiency or maximum
energy consumption of the group.
Circulator-less-volute manufacturers
could opt to make representations of the
CEI of each individual circulator-lessvolute and volute combination, or could
elect to make CEI representations
regarding a circulator-less-volute
combined with several individual
volutes and rate the group with the
same representative CEI value, which
would be representative of the least
efficient model.
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DOE requests comment on the
proposed test procedure for circulatorsless-volute. Specifically, DOE seeks
comment as to any additional details
that should be addressed in testing a
circulator-less-volute with any given
volute to determine applicable CEI
values.
c. Determination of Circulator Pump
Driver Power Input at Specified Flow
Rates
The CPWG recommended that for
single speed circulator pumps, the
measured input power and flow data
corresponding to the load points from
60 percent of expected BEP flow to 120
percent of expected BEP flow be linearly
regressed and the input power at the
specific load points of 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of BEP flow be determined
from that regression equation. (Docket
No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #10 at p. 8) Appendix
E of HI 40.6–2021 provides the
following testing modifications for
circulator pumps, which differ from the
CPWG recommendations:
• Section 40.6.5.5.1 Test procedure—
A minimum of nine test points shall be
taken for all performance tests. Points
are to be selected at approximately 10
percent, 25 percent, 40 percent, 60
percent, 75 percent, 90 percent, 100
percent, 110 percent, and 120 percent of
the flow rate at the expected BEP of the
circulator pump.
• Section 40.6.6.3 Performance
curve—Determine the pump total head
versus flow rate curve only based on a
polynomial of the 6th order.
• Section 40.6.6.3 Performance
curve—Determine the driver power
input at 25 percent, 50 percent, 75
percent, and 100 percent of BEP based
on a 3rd order polynomial curve of best
fit of the tested values (as specified in
Section 40.6.5.5.1) at 10 percent, 25
percent, 40 percent, 60 percent, 75
percent, 90 percent, 100 percent, 110
percent, and 120 percent of expected
BEP flow rate.
In response to the May 2021 RFI,
China commented that the seven test
points (i.e., 40, 60, 75, 90, 100 and 120
percent of the flow rate at the expected
BEP of the pump) in section 40.6.5.5.1
are approximately selected, and that
these selected points are different from
those of PEI. China recommended that
DOE clarify the basis of the selection of
these seven points. (China, No. 111 at p.
3)
DOE notes that Appendix E to HI
40.6–2021 has modified the provision
referenced by China. DOE has reviewed
Appendix E and determined that unlike
general pumps, which require load
points at 75, 100, 110, and 120 percent
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of BEP flow, Appendix E requires
determining the driver power input at
25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow.
If DOE were to define the lowest test
point as 40 percent, the lowest required
drive power input point (25 percent)
would fall outside the range of tested
points (i.e., 40 percent to 120 percent).
Whereas, if DOE were to define the
lowest test point as 10 percent, the
lowest required drive power input point
(25 percent) would fall withing the
range of tested points (i.e., 10 percent to
120 percent). DOE tentatively concludes
that specifying a test range, which is
broader than the range for which driver
power input must be determined,
through the use of a mathematical
regression would result in more
accurate driver power input values than
a test range that is narrower than the
range for which driver power input
must be determined. Therefore, DOE has
preliminarily determined that it is
appropriate, consistent with Appendix
E of HI 40.6–2021, to require test points
starting at 10 percent rather than a
higher value such as 40 percent or 60
percent of expected BEP flow.
Therefore, DOE proposes to rely on the
modified test points in Appendix E of
HI 40.6–2021. DOE notes that Appendix
E also specifies curve fitting using
specific polynomial curves of best fit
(6th order for head versus flow and 3rd
order for power versus flow). DOE has
no reason to believe that these curves
are not appropriate, and as such,
proposes to rely on the curve fitting in
Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the provisions in
Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021 for
determining circulator pump driver
power input at specified flow rates,
including whether these provisions are
more appropriate than those
recommended by the CPWG.
DOE notes that the procedure
specified in section 40.6.6.3 and
Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021 is
applicable for test points gathered at
maximum speed, but the other test
points proposed for circulator pumps
with pressure controls, temperature
controls, manual speed controls, and
external input signal controls are not
specified in HI 40.6–2016. For circulator
pumps with pressure controls,
temperature controls, manual speed
controls, and external input signal
controls, the general test procedure
consists of ‘‘sweeping’’ the maximum
speed curve (i.e., taking measurements
at flow intervals along the head/flow
curve associated with maximum pump
speed) to determine BEP, adjusting the
pump to the determined BEP at
maximum speed, and then adjusting the
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speed of the pump according to the
applicable control or reference system
curve to achieve the specified load
points at 25, 50, 75 percent of BEP flow
at reduced speed. As such, for these test
points, unlike the test points at
maximum speed derived from the data
collected to determine BEP,
manufacturers would adjust the
operation of the pump to specifically
achieve the load points at 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of BEP flow, as
applicable. Due to experimental
uncertainty the specific test points
measured in the test protocol may not
be exactly at 25, 50, 75, or 100 percent
of the BEP flow load points specified in
the test procedure and, thus, the
relevant power input measurements
must be adjusted to reflect the power
input at the specific load points
specified in the test procedure. DOE
notes that HI 40.6–2021 does not specify
the tolerances around which the
specified flow values must be achieved
or how to adjust the test points to the
specified load points, accounting for
such experimental tolerance.
The CPWG recommended that for
circulator pumps with pressure
controls, manual speed controls,
temperature controls, and external input
signal controls, all tested flow values
must be within ±10 percent of the target
flow load points as specified by the
reference system curve. In addition, the
CPWG recommended that the tested
driver input power should be adjusted
to the specified flow and head points,
except that any head values that are
above the reference system curve by
more than 10 percent should not be
adjusted. The CPWG also clarified that,
in their recommendation, if the tested
head value is below the reference curve
by more than 10 percent, the circulator
pump must be retested. (Docket No.
EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004, No. 58
Recommendation #10 at p. 8) While not
specifically recommended, the CPWG
discussed adjusting the test points
proportionally, consistent with the
method for adjusting reduced speed test
points adopted in the January 2016 TP
final rule. See 81 FR 4086, 4155–4156
(Jan. 25, 2016); (Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 70 at pp. 325–328)
HI 41.5–2021 includes certain
modifications to these provisions, as
noted by HI in their comments.
Specifically, under HI 41.5–2021, all
tested flow values must be within ±5
percent of the target flow load points as
specified by the reference system curve.
(HI 41.5–2021 section 41.5.3.4.2 #3c,
41.5.3.4.3, 41.5.3.4.4.1–2, 41.5.3.45) HI
stated that this change limits the pump
efficiency ranges allowed for a given test
point and minimizes variation in CEI
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values for a given test. In addition, any
head values that are above the reference
system curve (including within 10
percent) are not adjusted. HI stated that
this change eliminates a discontinuity
in CEI values when transitioning
between corrected and uncorrected
values and allows for better
representation of pump CEI. Finally, for
pressure control and manual speed
control, tested head is allowed to be
below the reference curve and corrected
back to the reference curve. HI stated
that this change eliminates the need for
all control curves to exist above the
reference curve allowing for a better
representation of control curves used in
the market and for the circulator pump
CEI values to better represent a pump’s
capabilities. (HI, No. 112 at p.2) These
provisions are found throughout each of
the individual control variety test
methods in HI 41.5; a summary is
available in 41.5.1. As stated previously,
HI, NEEA, the CA IOUs, and the
Advocates supported use of HI 41.5–
2021. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2; NEEA, No.
115 at p. 4, Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1,
CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 2).
DOE interprets HI 41.5–2021’s
updated provision to reduce the tested
flow tolerance to ±5 percent of the target
flow load points as an indication that
this tolerance has been achievable in
tests.
DOE notes that HI’s comment and the
Introduction to HI 41.5–2021 (section
41.5.1) state that correction of power to
the reference curve above the reference
curve has been removed. However, in
section 41.5.3.4.2 (pressure speed
control) and 41.5.3.4.5 (manual speed
control), the test method says ‘‘Adjust
measured driver input power to the
specific flow and head points as defined
in [the reference curve], except do not
adjust for head values when head is at
or above the reference curve.’’ This
indicates that driver input power
measured above the reference curve
should still be adjusted based on
deviation from the flow point. In
addition, section 41.5.3.4.3 (temperature
speed control) and 41.5.3.4.4 (external
input signal speed control) still retain
the provision not to adjust for head
values that are above the reference curve
by more than 10 percent.
DOE proposes to incorporate the
provisions in HI 41.5–2021, rather than
removing all correction of power
measured above the reference curve for
all test methods. DOE believes that
correction for flow points within the
tolerance is still appropriate. If
stakeholders comment that the test
methods in HI 41.5–2021 have been
implemented incorrectly and that all
correction of power above the reference
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curve should be removed, and provide
accompanying support, DOE will
consider adopting the provisions in HI
41.5–2021. DOE understands that
artificially adjusting head values
significantly above the reference system
curve back to the reference system curve
would result in an unrepresentative CEI
rating.
DOE notes that in the case that the
tested head value is within 10 percent
of the reference system curve, it is likely
that the tested circulator pump could
achieve the specified flow and head
values along the reference system curve
and that the deviation in head, in this
case, would likely be due to
experimental uncertainty. DOE notes
that unlike pressure controls and
manual speed controls, circulator
pumps with temperature controls and
circulator pumps with external input
signal controls should be able to match
the required speed to meet the exact
head values at each flow rate described
by the reference system curve.
Therefore, DOE believes that continuing
to adjust for head values within 10
percent above the reference curve would
not be likely to cause any discontinuity
in CEI for these control methods.
Regarding permitting testing below
the reference curve for pressure control
and manual speed control, DOE
proposes these changes to the CPWG
recommendations in sections III.D.3 and
III.D.5 of this document. DOE also
agrees that given testing below the curve
would be permitted, the measured test
points should be corrected back to the
reference curve, as included in HI 41.5–
2021.
DOE notes that the proposed load
points are specified with a discrete flow
value (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and/or 100
percent of BEP flow) and, for
temperature control and external input
signal controls, a minimum head value
(i.e., at or above the reference system
curve). Therefore, as proposed the flow
values must be achieved within ±5
percent and, for temperature controls
and external input signal controls, the
tested head values must not be more
than 10 percent below the reference
system curve. Any test point with a flow
value that is more than ±5 percent away
from the specified value or, for
temperature controls and external input
signal controls, a head value is more
than 10 percent below the reference
system curve would be invalid and,
therefore, must be retested.
DOE also proposes to adjust the tested
driver input power values for all
relevant test points for circulator pumps
with temperature and external input
signal controls using the methods
adopted in the January 2016 TP final
rule and discussed by the Circulator
Pump Working Group. Specifically,
DOE proposes that if the tested flow
values are within ±5 percent of the flow
load point specified by the reference
system curve and the head values are
within ±10 percent of the head load
points specified by the reference system
curve, the tested driver input power
values would be proportionally adjusted
to the specified flow and head points, as
shown in equation (12):
(12)
Where:
PR,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
DOE also proposes that for pressure
controls and manual speed controls, if
the tested flow values are within ±5
percent of the flow load point specified
by the reference system curve and the
tested head values are below the head
load points specified by the reference
system curve, the tested driver power
input values would be proportionally
adjusted to the specified flow and heat
points as shown in equation (12).
Finally, DOE proposes, consistent
with the recommendations of the CPWG
and the modifications in HI 41.5–2021,
that for temperature controls and
external input signal controls, if the
tested head values are above the
reference system curve by more than 10
percent, or for pressure controls and
manual speed controls, if the tested
head values are above the reference
system curve at all, only the flow values
would be proportionally adjusted to the
specified value, as shown in equation
(13):
QR,i) pT,J.
pR,i -- ( QT,j
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With regards to the test points to
which the tolerance and adjustment
methods are applicable, DOE notes that
the CPWG recommended that ‘‘all’’ test
points for circulator pumps with
pressure controls, temperature controls,
manual speed controls, or external input
signal controls apply the specified
tolerances and adjustment methods.
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(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #10 at pp. 8–
9) However, DOE believes that the curve
fitting method for determining driver
power input at the specified load points
at maximum speed is more applicable
and less burdensome for many of the
maximum speed test points than
requiring retesting along the maximum
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Where:
PR,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
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speed curve to achieve those test points
within ±10 percent. Specifically, for
manual speed controls and external
input signal controls in addition to
other control varieties, as discussed in
detail in section III.D, the proposed test
methods and CEI calculation methods
require load points be determined at 25,
50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow
along the maximum speed curve, as
well as at 25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP
flow at reduced speeds. For the test
points at reduced speed, DOE believes,
as recommended by the CPWG, the
proposed tolerances and proportional
adjustment would be applicable.
However, for the test points at 25, 50,
and 75 percent of maximum speed, DOE
believes that it would be less
burdensome and more consistent with
the proposed testing of circulator pumps
with no controls to determine such test
points via curve fitting of the BEP test
data at maximum speed. DOE believes
this is consistent with section
41.5.3.4.4.2 and 41.5.3.4.5 of HI 41.5–
2021. With regard to the test point at
100 percent of BEP flow and maximum
speed, DOE notes that, in order to test
such circulator pump models, the
circulator pump must be adjusted to a
test point at 100 percent of BEP flow
and maximum speed before reducing
the speed in accordance with the
control logic to achieve the reduced
speed values. As such, DOE believes
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that using the tested value at 100
percent of BEP flow and maximum
speed as opposed to the value
determined via curve fitting would be
more accurate and would not increase
the burden of the testing. DOE notes that
this proposal is inconsistent with HI
41.5–2021, which includes the 100
percent point as part of the points
determined by curve fitting, rather than
as a measured test point. DOE requests
comment on this deviation. Table III.3
summarizes the proposed applicability
of the different adjustment methods to
the various test points for each
circulator pump variety.
TABLE III.3—SUMMARY OF APPLICABLE ADJUSTMENT METHOD FOR DIFFERENT TEST POINTS FOR ALL CONTROL
VARIETIES
Control variety
Test points that would be determined via curve fitting
Test points that must be achieved within any specified tolerance and would be determined via
proportional adjustment
Pressure controls ........................
Temperature Controls .................
Manual Speed Controls ..............
None ............................................................................
None ............................................................................
25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP flow at maximum
speed.
25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP flow at maximum
speed.
All (25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow).
All (25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow).
25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP flow at reduced speed
and 100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed.
25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP flow at reduced speed
and 100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed.
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External Input Signal Controls ....
DOE requests comment on the
proposal that for circulator pumps with
pressure and manual speed controls, if
all the tested flow values are within ±5
percent of the flow load points specified
by the reference curve and tested head
values are below the head load points
specified by the reference curve, the
tested driver power input values would
be proportionally adjusted to the
specified flow and head points. If the
tested head values are above the
reference system curve, only the flow
values would be proportionally adjusted
to the specified value. DOE requests
comment on whether HI intended to
remove all power correction (including
flow correction) above the reference
curve for pumps with pressure and
manual speed controls.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal that for temperature and
external input signal controls, if all the
tested flow values are within ±5 percent
of the flow load points specified by the
reference system curve and all the tested
head values are within ±10 percent of
the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, the tested driver
power input values would be
proportionally adjusted to the specified
flow and head points. If the tested head
values are above the reference system
curve by more than 10 percent, only the
flow values would be proportionally
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adjusted to the specified value. DOE
requests comment on whether HI
intended to remove all power correction
above the reference curve for
temperature and external input signal
controls.
DOE also requests comment on the
proposed applicability of the tolerance
and proportional adjustment method to
the various test points, as compared to
the curve fitting method, based on
circulator pump control variety. DOE
particularly requests comment on which
category is most appropriate for the 100
percent of BEP flow point.
d. Calculation and Rounding
Modifications and Additions
DOE notes that HI 40.6–2014 did not
specify how to round values for
calculation and reporting purposes.
DOE recognizes that the manner in
which values are rounded can affect the
resulting CEI and CEI values should be
reported with the same number of
significant digits. Therefore, to improve
the consistency of calculations, the
CPWG recommended that that all
calculations be performed with the raw
measured data, to ensure accuracy, and
that the resultant PERCIRC and PEICIRC
be rounded to 3 significant figures.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #10 at p. 8)
DOE notes that neither HI 40.6–2021 nor
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HI 41.5–2021 include any rounding
provisions.
DOE agrees with the CPWG regarding
its recommendation to perform all
calculations with the raw measured data
and to round the resultant CER, CEI, and
other relevant measurements and
calculations in a standardized manner.
In the established provisions for general
pumps, PEI is rounded to the nearest
hundredths place (i.e., 0.01). See section
I.D.3 of appendix A to subpart Y of part
431. To be consistent with the general
pumps provisions, DOE proposes to
round CER to three significant figures
and to round CEI to the nearest
hundredths place. Additionally, DOE
proposes to calculate relevant nonenergy metrics using the raw measured
data and to round to the following: BEP
flow at maximum speed and BEP head
at maximum speed values to three
significant figures; real power, true RMS
current, and true RMS voltage values to
the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and hydraulic
horsepower and true power factor
values to the hundredths place unless
otherwise specified.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal that all calculations be
performed with the raw measured data,
to ensure accuracy, and to round CER,
BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP
head at maximum speed values to three
significant figures; real power, true RMS
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current, and true RMS voltage values
the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and CEI,
hydraulic horsepower, and true power
factor values to the hundredths place
(i.e., 0.01).
3. Rated Hydraulic Horsepower
As discussed in section III.B.2, the
proposed definitions of dry rotor, twopiece circulator pumps and dry rotor,
three-piece circulator pumps each
contain a clause that the pump must
have a rated hydraulic power less than
or equal to 5 hp at BEP at full impeller
diameter. Accordingly, DOE proposes
nomenclature to consistently refer to
and categorize dry rotor circulator
pumps based on the hydraulic
horsepower they can produce at BEP
and full impeller diameter, as measured
in accordance with the proposed
circulator pump test procedure. DOE
notes that hydraulic horsepower
(termed pump power output 29) is
defined in HI 40.6–2021, which DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference
(see section III.E.1). HI 40.6–2021 also
contains a test method for determining
pump power output. However, HI 40.6–
2021 includes methods for determining
pump power output at any load point.
To specify the pump power
characteristic that DOE proposes to use
to describe the size of dry rotor
circulator pumps, DOE proposes to
introduce a new term, the ‘‘rated
hydraulic horsepower,’’ that is
identified as the measured hydraulic
horsepower at BEP and full impeller
diameter for the rated pump. DOE
believes that measuring and reporting
rated hydraulic horsepower at BEP and
full impeller diameter for each dry rotor
circulator pump variety would result in
the most consistent determination of
applicability of this circulator pump test
procedure.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower, identified as the measured
hydraulic horsepower at BEP and full
impeller diameter for the rated pump, as
the primary standardized metric to
determine the scope of applicability of
dry rotor circulator pumps in this
circulator pump test procedure.
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F. Sampling Plan and Enforcement
Provisions for Circulator Pumps
proposed energy- and non-energyrelated metrics) for each basic model,
DOE proposes that manufacturers must
use a statistical sampling plan of tested
data, consistent with the sampling plan
for pumps that is currently specified at
10 CFR 429.59. In addition, DOE is
proposing specific enforcement
procedures that DOE would follow
when testing equipment to verify
compliance of any circulator pump
basic model. The following sections
III.F.1 and III.F.2 discuss DOE’s
proposed sampling plan and
enforcement provisions for circulator
pumps.
1. Sampling Plan
DOE provides, in subpart B to 10 CFR
part 429, sampling plans for covered
equipment. The purpose of a statistical
sampling plan is to provide a method to
determine representative values of
energy- and non-energy-related metrics,
for each basic model. In the January
2016 TP final rule, DOE adopted
sampling provisions applicable to
pumps that were similar to those used
for other commercial and industrial
equipment. 81 FR 4086, 4135–4136 (Jan.
25, 2016). See also 10 CFR 429.59.
For circulator pumps, DOE proposes
to adopt statistical sampling plans
similar to that adopted for pumps. That
is, DOE proposes to amend 10 CFR
429.59 to require that, for each basic
model of pump (including circulator
pumps), a sample of sufficient size must
be randomly selected and tested to
ensure that any representative value of
CEI or other measure of energy
consumption of a basic model for which
customers would favor lower values is
greater than or equal to the lower of the
following two values:
(1) The mean of the sample, where:
and x¯ is the sample mean, n is the
number of samples, and xi is the
maximum of the ith sample;
Or,
(2) The upper 95 percent confidence
limit (UCL) of the true mean divided by
1.05, where:
For determining the proposed
representative values (i.e., both the
UCL
29 The term ‘‘pump power output’’ in HI 40.6 is
defined as ‘‘the mechanical power transferred to the
liquid as it passes through the pump, also known
as pump hydraulic power.’’ It is used
synonymously with ‘‘hydraulic horsepower’’ in this
document. However, where hydraulic horsepower
is used to reference the size of a dry rotor circulator
pump, it refers to the rated hydraulic horsepower.
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= x + to.9s (~)
and x¯ is the sample mean, s is the
sample standard deviation, n is the
number of samples, and t0.95 is the t
statistic for a 95 percent one-tailed
confidence interval with n¥1 degrees of
freedom (from appendix A of subpart B
of 10 CFR part 429).
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Under this proposal, for purposes of
certification testing, the determination
that a basic model complies with the
applicable energy conservation standard
would be based on testing conducted
using the proposed DOE test procedure
and sampling plan. The general
sampling requirement currently
applicable to all covered products and
equipment provides that a sample of
sufficient size must be randomly
selected and tested to ensure
compliance and that, unless otherwise
specified, a minimum of two units must
be tested to certify a basic model as
compliant. 10 CFR 429.11(a)–(b).
DOE proposes to apply this same
minimum sample size requirement to
circulator pumps. Thus, if a statistical
sampling plan is used, DOE proposes
that a sample of sufficient size be
selected to ensure compliance and that
at least two units must be tested to
determine the representative values of
applicable metrics for each basic model.
Manufacturers may need to test a
sample of more than two units
depending on the variability of their
sample, as provided by the statistical
sampling plan.
DOE notes that the proposed sampling
provisions would be applicable to all
energy-related metrics for which each
manufacturer elected to make
representations. DOE believes that,
similar to other pumps, a UCL of 0.95
divided by a de-rating factor of 1.05
would also be applicable to circulator
pumps, based on the variability inherent
in the test procedure and manufacturing
variability among units within a given
model. Specifically, DOE notes that the
proposed circulator pump test
procedure is based on the same
fundamental test standard (i.e., HI 40.6–
2021), with identical equipment
accuracy requirements and test
tolerances. In addition, DOE believes
circulator pumps would realize similar
performance variability to other
commercial and industrial equipment,
such as general pumps and dedicatepurpose pool pumps, based on a
statistical analysis conducted by DOE
discussed in section III.F.2 of this
document.
In addition to CEI, the rated hydraulic
horsepower would also be an important
characteristic for determining the
applicability of the proposed test
procedure to a given circulator pump
model. Specifically, rated hydraulic
horsepower would determine the scope
of applicability of the proposed test
procedure for dry-rotor close-coupled
circulator pump and dry-rotor
mechanically-coupled circulator pump
(see section III.B.2). DOE proposes that
the representative value of rated
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hydraulic horsepower be determined as
the average of all the tested units that
serve as the basis for the rated efficiency
for that basic model. Similarly, the true
power factor and the flow and head at
BEP at each load point are important
characteristics that may aid utilities in
crafting incentive programs regarding
circulator pumps or aid customers in
properly selecting circulator pumps. As
discussed in section III.E.1, DOE notes
that HI 40.6–2021 specifies
measurement equipment for
determining the circulator pump
performance characteristics of true RMS
current, true RMS voltage, input power,
and the flow and head at BEP at each
load point. Additionally, as discussed in
section III.E.1, DOE discussed how to
calculate true power factor based on the
measurements of true RMS current, true
RMS voltage, and real power. To ensure
such values are determined in a
consistent manner, DOE also proposes
that true RMS current, true RMS
voltage, true power factor, input power,
and the flow and head at BEP at each
load point be determined based on the
average of the test results, for each
metric, from all the tested units that
serve as the basis for the rating for that
basic model.
Finally, consistent with provisions for
other commercial and industrial
equipment, DOE notes the applicability
of certain requirements regarding
retention of certain information related
to the testing and certification of
circulator pumps, which are detailed
under 10 CFR 429.71. Generally,
manufacturers must establish, maintain,
and retain certification and test
information, including underlying test
data for all certification testing for 2
years from the date on which the
circulator pump model is discontinued
in commerce.
DOE requests comment on the
proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification
requirements for circulator pumps.
2. Enforcement Provisions
Enforcement provisions govern the
process DOE would follow when
performing an assessment of basic
model compliance with standards, as
described under subpart C of 10 CFR
part 429. Specifically, subpart C of 10
CFR part 429 describes the notification
requirements, legal processes, penalties,
specific prohibited acts, and testing
protocols related to testing covered
equipment to determine or verify
compliance with standards. DOE
proposes that the same general
enforcement provisions contained in
subpart C of 10 CFR part 429 would be
applicable to circulator pumps.
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Related to enforcement testing of
circulator pumps, as specified in 10 CFR
429.110(e)(1), DOE proposes that it
would conduct the applicable circulator
pump test procedure, once adopted, to
determine the CEI for tested circulator
pump models. In this rulemaking, DOE
is proposing circulator-pump specific
enforcement testing provisions for 10
CFR 429.134.30 Specifically, if a
manufacturer did not certify a control
setting, DOE would test the circulator
pump model using the no controls test
method if no controls were available, or
if controls are available, DOE would test
using the test method for any one of the
available control varieties on board.
DOE requests comment on how,
absent information on the tested control
method for a basic model, DOE should
determine which test method to
conduct.
The CPWG recommended that for
pressure controls, manufacturers choose
the factory control logic to test, report
the control setting used for rating, and
report the method of control (automatic
speed adjustment, manual speed
adjustment, or simulated pressure signal
adjustment). (Docket No. EERE–2016–
BT–STD–0004, No. 58 Recommendation
#9 at p. 7) However, DOE proposes that
it would test using the specified control
curve, but would always use the
automatic control option for testing of
pressure controls, to ensure that any
rated CEI is representative of
commercially available performance, as
distributed in commerce (see section
III.D.3). In addition, for circulator
pumps rated with adaptive pressure
controls, DOE proposes to test the
circulator pump using the manual
control option that results in the lowest
head values at each test point below
maximum speed. This would ensure
that, if the minimum head thresholds
are not accessible via the commercially
available control with which the pump
is distributed in commerce, a
representative CEI can still be obtained
for the compliance of that circulator
pump to be assessed. If a specified
control curve is not available, DOE
proposes to test using any control that
meets the requirements specified in the
pressure control test method. DOE
would consider adopting more specific
provisions in the final rule given
feedback on the most appropriate
selection criteria.
For manual speed controls and
external input signal controls, the
CPWG recommended testing at the
lowest speed setting that will achieve a
30 DOE
intends to propose certification
requirements in a separate energy conservation
standards rulemaking.
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head at or above the reference curve.
(Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–STD–0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7–8)
As discussed in section III.D.6, this
requirement has been removed in HI
41.5–2021. For external input signal
controls and temperature controls, DOE
proposes that it would conduct
enforcement testing with this provision.
DOE understands that if manual speed
control testing is allowed below the
reference curve, this provision would
not be applicable to certification testing.
However, to provide certainty as to how
DOE would conduct enforcement testing
DOE proposes to specify that it would
conduct testing using the speed setting
closest to each of the head points
specified by the reference system curve
(above or below).
DOE requests comment on the
proposed product-specific enforcement
testing provisions for circulator pumps,
particularly with regard to the
appropriate control curve for pressure
controls (when not specified) and the
appropriate speed settings for other
control methods.
In addition, DOE believes that, as
circulator pumps have relatively large
shipments and are generally a highvolume piece of equipment, DOE should
apply the enforcement testing sample
size and calculations applicable to
consumer products and certain highvolume commercial equipment
specified in appendix A to subpart C of
10 CFR part 429. Therefore, DOE
proposes to use, when determining
performance for a specific basic model,
the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in
appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part
429 for consumer products and certain
high-volume commercial equipment.
These procedures, in general, provide
that DOE would test an initial sample of
at least 4 units and determine the mean
CEI value and standard error of the
sample. DOE would then compare these
values to the CEI standard level, once
adopted, to determine the compliance of
the basic model or if additional testing
(up to a total of 21 units) is required to
make a compliance determination with
sufficient confidence.
DOE notes that this proposal differs
from the enforcement testing sample
size and calculations for DOE adopted
for general pumps in the January 2016
TP final rule. Specifically, in the
January 2016 TP final rule, DOE
adopted provisions at 10 CFR
429.110(e)(5) 31 stating that DOE would
31 DOE notes that the 2016 general pumps TP
final rule were originally adopted into 10 CFR
429.110(e)(1)(iv), but a recent rulemaking for battery
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assess compliance of any pump basic
models undergoing enforcement testing
based on the arithmetic mean of up to
four units. 81 FR 4086, 4121 (Jan. 25,
2016). In the August 2017 DPPP TP final
rule, DOE also adopted the enforcement
testing sample provisions in appendix A
and clarified that the enforcement
provisions adopted in the January 2016
TP final rule and specified at 10 CFR
429.110(e)(5) are only applicable to
those pumps subject to the test
procedure adopted in the January 2016
TP final rule. 82 FR 36858, 36910. DOE
believes that circulator pumps should
be treated similarly to DPPP because of
the shipments and high volume of the
equipment.
DOE requests comment on the
proposal to apply to circulator pumps
the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in
appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part
429.
In addition, the rated hydraulic
horsepower would be necessary to
determine the scope of applicability of
the test procedure to certain circulator
pump varieties (i.e., dry-rotor closecoupled circulator pump and dry-rotor
mechanically-coupled circulator pump,
see section III.B.2). Therefore, DOE is
also proposing specific procedures to
determine the rated hydraulic
horsepower of tested circulator pumps
when verifying compliance. When
determining compliance of any units
tested for enforcement purposes, DOE
proposes that, if the rated hydraulic
horsepower determined through DOE’s
testing (either the measured rated
hydraulic horsepower for a single unit
sample or the average of the measured
rated hydraulic horsepower values for a
multiple unit sample) is within 5
percent of the certified value of rated
hydraulic horsepower, then DOE would
use the certified value of rated hydraulic
horsepower as the basis for determining
the scope of applicability for that
circulator pump model. However, if
DOE’s tested value of hydraulic
horsepower is not within 5 percent of
the certified value of hydraulic
horsepower, DOE would use the
arithmetic mean of all the hydraulic
horsepower values resulting from DOE’s
testing when determining the scope of
applicability for the circulator pump
model. DOE believes such an approach
would result in more reproducible and
equitable compliance determinations
among DOE, manufacturers, and test
labs.
chargers reorganized the enforcement provisions for
various equipment, including pumps, to place the
pump enforcement provisions in 10 CFR
429.110(e)(5). 81 FR 31827, 31841 (May 20, 2016).
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The 5 percent tolerance on hydraulic
horsepower is based on a statistical
analysis DOE conducted of the
maximum allowed testing uncertainty
due to fluctuations in measurements,
measurement uncertainty, and the
typical manufacturing uncertainty. The
maximum experimental uncertainty is
discussed in HI 40.6–2021, which DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference in
the DOE test procedure (section III.E.1).
DOE estimated the manufacturing
variability based on the maximum
tolerances on head and flow that are
allowed in the ANSI/HI 14.6–2011
standard tolerance grade 1B.
Specifically, ANSI/HI 14.6–2011
requires that the tested flow be within
±5 percent of the pump performance
curve and the tested head be within ±3
percent of the pump performance curve
for the acceptance grade 1B. DOE
recognizes that these are all worst-case
uncertainties and that testing a unit
with the maximum possible variability
in every parameter would be extremely
unlikely. Therefore, DOE assumed that
the maximum uncertainty would
represent a worst case. For the purposes
of analysis, DOE assumed the maximum
uncertainty was three standard
deviations away from the mean
(encompassing 99.7 percent of the
population) and conducting the analysis
assuming a tolerance of one standard
deviation.
DOE seeks comment upon the
applicability of a 5 percent tolerance on
hydraulic horsepower for each tested
circulator pump model or if a higher or
lower percentage variation would be
justified.
G. Representations of Energy Use and
Energy Efficiency
Manufacturers of circulator pumps
within the scope of the proposed
circulator pump test procedure, if
finalized, would be required to use the
test procedures proposed in this
rulemaking when making
representations about the energy
efficiency or energy use of their
equipment. Specifically, 42 U.S.C.
6314(d) provides that ‘‘no manufacturer
. . . may make any representation . . .
respecting the energy consumption of
such equipment or cost of energy
consumed by such equipment, unless
such equipment has been tested in
accordance with such test procedure
and such representation fairly discloses
the results of such testing.’’
If made final, the proposed test
procedure would not require
manufacturers to test the subject
circulator pumps. However, beginning
180 days after publication of a final rule
that adopts a test procedure for
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circulator pumps, any voluntary
representations as to the energy
efficiency or energy use of a subject
circulator pump would be required to be
based on the DOE test procedure. (42
U.S.C. 6314(d))
With respect to representations,
generally, DOE understands that
manufacturers often make
representations (graphically or in
numerical form) of energy use metrics,
including overall (wire-to-water)
efficiency, driver power input, and/or
pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower) and may make these
representations at a variety of different
load points or operating speeds. DOE
proposes to allow manufacturers to
continue making these representations.
In order to ensure consistent and
standardized representations across the
pump industry and to ensure such
representations are not in conflict with
the reported CEI for any given circulator
pump model, DOE proposes to establish
testing procedures for these parameters
that are part of the DOE test procedure
and that while manufacturers would not
be required to make representations
regarding the performance of circulator
pumps using these additional metrics,
to the extent manufacturers wish to do
so, they would be required to do so
based on testing in accordance with the
DOE test procedure. In addition, as
noted in section III.C, the CPWGrecommended method of determining
PERSTD, if adopted by DOE, would
require tested hydraulic horsepower of
the rated circulator pump at one or more
specific load points.
DOE notes that overall (wire-to-water)
efficiency, driver power input, and/or
pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower) are already parameters that
are described in HI 40.6–2021, which
DOE proposes to incorporate by
reference in the DOE test procedure
(section III.E.1). DOE believes that
further specification is not necessary
regarding the determination of these
parameters. DOE notes that HI 40.6–
2021 does not include explicit
instructions for determining pump
power output at specific load points;
however section E.3.2 specifies
determination of the circulator pump
total head versus flow rate curve based
on a polynomial of the 6th order, and
DOE assumes this curve would be used
to calculate pump power output at any
relevant load point.
DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt provisions for the
measurement of several other circulator
pump metrics, including overall (wireto-water) efficiency, driver power input,
and/or pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower).
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DOE also requests comment on its
belief that HI 40.6–2021 contains all the
necessary methods to determine overall
(wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power
input, and/or pump power output
(hydraulic horsepower) and that further
specification is not necessary.
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H. Test Procedure Costs and
Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
establish a test procedure for circulator
pumps by incorporating by reference the
test methods established in HI 40.6–
2021, ‘‘Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing,’’ with certain
exceptions. This NOPR also contains
proposals regarding representations,
enforcement, and labeling provisions for
circulator pumps that would be added
to 10 CFR parts 429 and 431,
respectively. DOE has tentatively
determined that these proposed
amendments would impact testing costs
as discussed in the following
paragraphs.
DOE proposes to incorporate, by
reference, the test methods established
in HI 40.6–2021, ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,’’
with certain exceptions. The test results
are necessary for calculating the CEI to
represent the energy consumption of the
circulator pump, inclusive of a motor
and any controls, and (3) determine the
minimum test sample (i.e., number of
units) and permitted method of
determining represented values.
By adopting industry standards, DOE
has tentatively determined that the
proposed amendments in this NOPR
would establish DOE test procedures
that are reasonably designed to produce
test results which reflect energy
efficiency and energy use of circulator
pumps during a representative average
use cycle and that would not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to
conduct. DOE is presenting the costs
associated with testing equipment and
procedure consistent with the
requirements of the proposed test
procedure, as would be required to
certify compliance with any future
energy conservation standard.
DOE recognizes that, because such
testing is not currently required or
standardized in the United States,
testing facilities may vary from one
pump manufacturer to another. As such,
DOE has estimated a maximum
expected testing burden associated with
this test procedure NOPR, which is
associated with an expectation where all
pump manufacturers do not have
existing testing capabilities and would
be required to purchase the necessary
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test equipment in accordance with the
proposed test procedure, if finalized.
To estimate the burden associated
with the testing and sampling plan
requirements proposed in this test
procedure NOPR, DOE understands that
in order to conduct the proposed test
procedure, each manufacturer would
either (a) have to test the units in-house
or (b) test the units at a third-party
testing facility. If a manufacturer elects
to test circulator pumps in-house, that
manufacturer may have to undertake the
following burden inducing activities: (1)
Acquire necessary testing equipment
that is capable of testing circulator
pumps in compliance with the test
procedure, including acquisition and
calibration of any necessary
measurement equipment, and (2)
conduct the DOE test procedure on two
units of each covered circulator pump
basic model.
DOE’s cost estimates factored in
capital costs and labor costs. Capital
cost estimates are based on previous
manufacturer interviews. The following
sections detail those costs in specifics.
a. Estimated Capital Costs for Testing
Circulator Pumps
In the maximum-burden case where a
circulator pump manufacturer would be
required to construct a test lab from
scratch, manufacturers would be
required to make capital outlays to
acquire test equipment.
The first necessary item for testing a
circulator pump is a water reservoir to
hold the water that the pump circulates
during testing. Manufacturers provided
estimates to DOE on the cost of water
reservoirs for a variety of sizes. The
water reservoir sizes provided from
manufacturers varied between 5 gallons
and 1,500 gallons, as some
manufacturers also use their water
reservoirs to test larger pumps. Based on
the information provided, DOE
estimates the cost of a water reservoir to
test circulator pumps to be
approximately $9.30 per gallon. Because
the circulator pumps are typically less
than 5 hp in size, DOE is using a 100gallon water reservoir as a typical size
and thus estimates the cost at
approximately $930 for the water
reservoir.32
To complete the circulator pump test
loop, assorted piping and valves would
be necessary to circulate water from the
reservoir to the pump and regulate the
flow and head of the water. Multiple
diameter pipes, valves, and associated
fittings may be required to
32 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
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accommodate different size circulator
pumps. The total costs for the values
and piping will vary on pipe diameter
as well as the actual testing laboratory
configuration. DOE estimates a cost of
$2,745 for the piping and valves
necessary to test the circulator pumps
within the scope of the proposed test
procedure.33
The proposed DOE test procedure also
requires the power supply
characteristics (i.e., voltage, frequency,
voltage unbalance, and total harmonic
distortion) to be maintained within
specific values. Specifically, the
proposed power supply requirements
must be within a certain percent of the
rated voltage, frequency, and voltage
unbalance. Also, the total harmonic
distortion must be limited throughout
the test. In some situations,
manufacturers may be required to
acquire power conditioning equipment
to ensure the power supplied to the
circulator pump motor or control is
within the required tolerances. Based on
the estimates DOE researched for power
supplies as well as incorporated
estimates provided by manufacturers of
possible equipment costs, DOE
estimates the cost for power
conditioning equipment as $2,200.34
The proposed circulator pump test
procedure contains requirements
regarding the characteristics and
accuracy of the measurement equipment
necessary to precisely and accurately
determine relevant measured quantities.
The primary measurement equipment
includes flow measuring equipment,
pressure measuring equipment, and
electrical measuring equipment.
Test facilities would need equipment
to measure the flow rate in gallons per
minute to verify that the circulator
pump is operating at the applicable load
point. Manufacturers indicated that, for
flow measurement equipment, they
utilized magnetic flow measurement
devices. These magnetic flow
measurement devices vary in price
based on the range of the device to
accommodate different sizes of
circulator pumps. DOE researched flow
measurement devices, as well as
referenced feedback from manufacturer
interviews about the typical prices of
various sizes of flow measurement
devices. DOE estimates a typical flow
measurement equipment capable of
accommodating the full range of
33 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
34 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
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circulator pumps subject to this
proposed test procedure to be $4,400.35
Pressure measurement equipment
could include a manometer, bourdon
tube, digital indicator, or a transducer.
Manufacturers provided information as
to which pressure measurement device
they utilize and the approximate cost of
such device. DOE’s research indicates
that most manufacturers utilize
differential pressure transducers to
measure pressure in the test setup.
Based on this information and DOE
research, DOE estimates the average cost
of the pressure measurement devices to
be $1,650.36
Finally, electrical measurement
equipment is necessary to determine the
input power to the circulator pump, as
measured at the input to the motor or
controls (if present). There are multiple
devices that can measure power and
energy values. However, DOE proposes
specific requirements regarding the
accuracy and quantities measured for
such power measuring equipment, as
discussed in section III.E.1. In this case,
only specific power analyzers and wattamp-volt meters with the necessary
accuracy can measure RMS voltage,
RMS current, and real power up to at
least the 40th harmonic of fundamental
supply source frequency and having an
accuracy level of ±2.0 percent of the
measured value when measured at the
fundamental supply source frequency.
DOE researched equipment as well as
inquired with manufacturers about the
equipment used and related costs. Based
on information provided by
manufacturers and DOE’s own research,
DOE estimates the typical cost for the
electrical measurement equipment to
conduct this proposed test procedure is
$4,400.37
Additionally, temperature
measurements would be necessary, to
perform the test procedure as proposed.
To verify that the testing fluid (i.e., clear
water) is within the specified
temperature range, testing facilities will
also need to measure temperature. DOE
estimates a cost of $220 for potential
temperature measurement devices.38
Finally, to ensure that all data are
taken simultaneously and properly
recorded, a data acquisition system
might also be necessary. DOE
35 DOE
based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
36 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
37 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
38 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
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researched data acquisition systems
necessary for the proposed test
procedure and estimates the typical cost
for a data acquisition system as
$21,000.39
In total, DOE estimates the cost of
acquiring all the necessary equipment to
perform the proposed circulator pump
test procedure as approximately
$37,600, if a manufacturer needed to
purchase all the testing equipment
described in this section.
However, DOE notes that the majority
of circulator pump manufacturers may
already have existing testing capabilities
to verify equipment performance, as
well as certify performance for other
applicable circulator pump programs.40
Therefore, DOE interprets the
previously estimated $37,600 value as a
worst-case estimate that is not
representative of the likely eventual
burden to most manufacturers.
DOE requests comment on the capital
cost burden associated with the
proposed circulator pump test
procedure, including the estimated
capabilities of current manufacturers.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on
the estimate that the likely capital cost
burden incurred by existing circulator
pump manufacturers would be between
$0 and $37,600.
b. Between Estimated Labor Costs for
Testing Circulator Pumps
This test procedure NOPR also
proposes requirements regarding the
sampling plan and representations for
covered circulator pumps at subpart B
of part 429 of title 10 of the Code of
Federal Regulations. The sampling plan
requirements are similar to those for
several other types of commercial
equipment and, among other things,
require a sample size of at least two
units per circulator pump basic model
be tested when determining
representative values CEI, as well as
other circulator pump performance
metrics.
Based on wage and salary data from
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, DOE
estimates the fully burdened mechanical
engineering technician wage of $41.46/
hr.41 DOE received information from
39 DOE based this cost estimate on information
gathered from manufacturers during the 2016
CPWG meetings.
40 See section III.B.1 for a review of applicable
circulator pump regulatory and voluntary programs.
41 DOE estimated the hourly wage using data from
BLS’s ‘‘Occupational Employment and Wages, May
2020’’ publication. DOE used the ‘‘Mechanical
Engineering Technologies and Technicians’’ mean
hourly wage of $29.27 to estimate the hourly wage
rate (www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes173027.htm). DOE
then used BLS’s ‘‘Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation—June 2021’’ to estimate that wages
and salary account for approximately 70.6 for
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manufacturers about the typical time
required to test a circulator pump for
applicable programs with similar testing
requirements proposed in this test
procedure NOPR.42 The time for testing
ranged from an hour per test to over 24
hours when completing testing for
multiple programs. The longer testing is
a function of the longer stabilization
times required for some manufacturers’
circulator pumps with new motors. On
average, the expected testing time for
this proposed test procedure is
approximately 7.5 hours per pump
based on DOE research and estimates
from manufacturers. Using the labor rate
established previously, the total cost of
labor for testing a circulator pump is
estimated to be approximately $622 per
basic model.43
DOE requests comment on the
estimated time and costs to complete a
test of a single circulator pump basic
model under the proposed test
procedure.
Based on a review of the market. DOE
is proposing to adopt the industry
standard, HI 40.6–2021, ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,’’
with certain exceptions. As previously
discussed, DOE estimates the potential
capital costs to be approximately
$37,600 per manufacturer and DOE
estimates the potential labor costs to be
approximately $622 per basic model.
However, because HI 40.6–2021 is the
generally accepted industry standard,
DOE believes that manufacturer costs
would most likely be less than the
estimated costs, as most manufacturers
are already testing to HI 40.6–2021.
Further, relative costs arising from the
proposed test procedure would fall
further to the degree to which
manufacturers are already rating pumps
in accordance with the proposed test
procedure. As of mid-October, DOE
observes 68 models from 4
manufacturers listed in the Hydraulic
Institute’s voluntary rating program.44
While this figure represents a minority
of available circulator pump models on
the market, the Hydraulic Institute’s
program is relatively new and
manufacturer may still be in the process
of adding models. Finally, costs may fall
further to the extent already-rated
private industry workers (www.bls.gov/
news.release/archives/ecec_09162021.pdf). Last
accessed on September 21, 2021. Therefore DOE
estimated an fully-burdened labor rate of $41.46
($29.27 ÷ 0.706 = $41.46),
42 See section III.B.1 for a discussion of applicable
programs and the similarity to DOE’s proposed test
procedure.
43 7.5 hours × $41.46/hr × 2 units per basic model
= $621.90 (rounded to $622).
44 The Hydraulic Institute. Energy Rating Program
Database. Available at: er.pumps.org/circulator/
ratings. Last accessed: October 12, 2021.
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models as the basis for certification of
other, similar models under the same
basic model.
2. Harmonization With Industry
Standards
DOE’s established practice is to adopt
relevant industry standards as DOE test
procedures unless such methodology
would be unduly burdensome to
conduct or would not produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency,
energy use, water use (as specified in
EPCA) or estimated operating costs of
that product during a representative
average use cycle. Section 8(c) of
Appendix A of 10 CFR part 430 subpart
C; 10 CFR 431.4. In cases where the
industry standard does not meet EPCA
statutory criteria for test procedures,
DOE will make modifications through
the rulemaking process to these
standards as the DOE test procedure.
The industry standard DOE proposes
to incorporate by reference via
proposals described in this NOPR is
discussed in further detail in section
IV.M.
DOE requests comments on the
benefits and burdens of the proposed
additions to industry standards
referenced in the test procedure for
circulator pumps.
DOE notes that, as discussed in
section III.E.2, it is proposing exceptions
and additions to HI 40.6–2021 in order
to appropriately address circulator
pump testing as specific from other
rotodynamic pump testing. In addition,
DOE is proposing test methods and
calculations for circulator pumps with
certain control varieties, which are
supplemental to the test procedure in HI
40.6–2021. DOE notes that these test
method proposals are consistent with HI
41.5–2021, which, as discussed in
section II, is a program guideline rather
than a test standard.
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I. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends
a test procedure, all representations of
energy efficiency and energy use,
including those made on marketing
materials and product labels, must be
made in accordance with that amended
test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure
final rule in the Federal Register. (42
U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) To the extent the test
procedure proposed in this document is
required only for the evaluation and
issuance of updated efficiency
standards, use of the test procedure, if
finalized, would not be required until
the implementation date of updated
standards. 10 CFR 431.4; Section 8(d) of
appendix A 10 CFR part 430 subpart C.
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If DOE were to publish an amended
test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers
to petition DOE for an extension of the
180-day period if the manufacturer may
experience undue hardship in meeting
the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2)) To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.)
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(‘‘OMB’’) has determined that this test
procedure rulemaking does not
constitute ‘‘significant regulatory
actions’’ under section 3(f) of Executive
Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct.
4, 1993). Accordingly, this action was
not subject to review under the
Executive order by the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis (‘‘IRFA’’) for any rule that by
law must be proposed for public
comment, unless the agency certifies
that the rule, if promulgated, will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272,
‘‘Proper Consideration of Small Entities
in Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(August 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003, to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: www.energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel. DOE reviewed
the test procedures in this proposed rule
under the provisions of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19,
2003.
The following sections detail DOE’s
IRFA for this test procedure rulemaking.
1. Description of Why Action Is Being
Considered
DOE proposes to amend subpart Y of
10 CFR part 431 to establish a test
procedure for circulator pumps in
advance of the finalization of any energy
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conservation standards for this
equipment. (See Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004.) The test
procedure for circulator pumps
proposed in this test procedure NOPR
includes the methods necessary to: (1)
Measure the performance of the covered
equipment, (2) use the measured results
to calculate the CEI to represent the
energy consumption of the circulator
pump, inclusive of a motor and any
controls, and (3) determine the
minimum test sample (i.e., number of
units) and permitted method of
determining represented values. In this
test procedure NOPR, DOE also
proposes to set the scope of those
circulator pumps to which the proposed
test methods would apply.
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
EPCA 45 authorizes DOE to regulate
the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain
industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291–
6317) Title III, Part C 46 of EPCA, added
by Public Law 95–619, Title IV, section
441(a) (42 U.S.C. 6311–6317 as
codified), established the Energy
Conservation Program for Certain
Industrial Equipment, which sets forth a
variety of provisions designed to
improve energy efficiency. This
equipment includes pumps, the subject
of this document. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth
the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending
test procedures for covered equipment.
EPCA requires that any test procedures
prescribed or amended under this
section must be reasonably designed to
produce test results which reflect energy
efficiency, energy use or estimated
annual operating cost of a given type of
covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and
requires that test procedures not be
unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) To fulfill these
requirements, in this test procedure
NOPR, DOE proposes to establish a test
procedure for circulator pumps in
advance of the finalization of any energy
conservation standards for this
equipment. (See Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004.)
3. Description and Estimate of Small
Entities Regulated
For manufacturers of circulator
pumps, the Small Business
Administration (‘‘SBA’’) has set a size
threshold, which defines those entities
45 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through the Energy Act
of 2020, Public Law 116–260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
46 For editorial reasons, upon codification in the
U.S. Code, Part C was redesignated Part A–1.
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classified as ‘‘small businesses’’ for the
purposes of the statute. DOE used the
SBA’s small business size standards to
determine whether any small entities
would be subject to the requirements of
the rule. See 13 CFR part 121. The
equipment covered by this rule are
classified under North American
Industry Classification System
(‘‘NAICS’’) code 333914,47 ‘‘Measuring,
Dispensing, and Other Pumping
Equipment Manufacturing.’’ In 13 CFR
121.201, the SBA sets a threshold of 750
employees or fewer for an entity to be
considered as a small business for this
category.
DOE reviewed the test procedures
proposed in this NOPR under the
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility
Act and the procedures and policies
published on February 19, 2003. DOE
used publicly available information to
identify potential small businesses that
manufacture circulator pumps covered
in this rulemaking. DOE identified ten
companies that are OEMs of circulator
pumps covered by this rulemaking. DOE
screened out companies that do not
meet the definition of a ‘‘small
business’’ or are foreign-owned and
operated. DOE identified three potential
small, domestic OEMs for consideration.
DOE used subscription-based business
information tools to determine the
number of employees and revenue of
the potential small businesses.
DOE requests comment on the
number of small businesses DOE
identified.
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4. Description and Estimate of
Compliance Requirements
DOE estimates that this proposed test
procedure would not require any
manufacturer to incur any additional
testing burden associated with the
proposed test procedure, if finalized,
DOE recognizes that circulator pump
energy conservation standards may be
proposed or promulgated in the future
and pump manufactures would then be
required to test all covered circulator
pumps in accordance with the proposed
test procedures. (See Docket No. EERE–
2016–BT–STD–0004) Therefore,
although such is not yet required, DOE
is presenting the costs associated with
testing equipment and procedure
consistent with the requirements of the
proposed test procedure, as would be
required to certify compliance with any
future energy conservation standards.
In the test procedure outlined in this
NOPR for circulator pumps, DOE
47 The size standards are listed by NAICS code
and industry description and are available at:
www.sba.gov/document/support—table-sizestandards (Last accessed on July 16, 2021).
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proposes a new metric, called CEI. To
determine the applicable measured
values for determining circulator pump
performance, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference the test
methods established in HI 40.6–2021,
‘‘Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing,’’ with certain
exceptions. DOE also proposes to set the
scope of those circulator pumps to
which the proposed test methods would
apply.
DOE recognizes that, because such
testing is not currently required in the
United States, testing facilities may vary
from one pump manufacturer to
another. As such, DOE has estimated the
potential testing burden associated with
this test procedure NOPR, which is
associated with a situation where a
given pump manufacturer does not have
existing test facilities and would be
required to purchase the necessary test
equipment in accordance with any test
procedure final rule. Furthermore, DOE
believes that manufacturer costs would
most likely be less than the estimated
costs because most manufacturers are
already testing to HI 40.6–2021.
Additionally, if manufacturers are
already testing to HI 40.6–2021,
manufacturers would not be required to
re-test those models. DOE’s cost
estimates factored in capital
expenditures required to purchase the
necessary testing equipment as well as
labor expenditures required to conduct
the testing. DOE has tentatively
determined that most manufacturers
would choose to perform in-house
testing as opposed to third-party lab
testing.
DOE estimated the range of potential
costs for the three small, domestic
manufacturers of circular pumps. When
developing cost estimates for these
manufacturers, DOE considered the cost
of testing equipment as well as the labor
required to test per basic model. Should
DOE adopt energy conservation
standards in terms of CEI, the small
businesses could incur capital costs of
up to $37,600 per manufacturer.
Additionally, DOE estimates testing
labor costs of approximately $622 per
basic model. DOE estimates, based on
market research, that circulator pump
manufacturers would each typically rate
between 75 to 125 models with an
average of 100 models per small
business manufacture. Therefore, DOE
estimates that the associated testing
labor costs for a typical small business
to be approximately $62,200 to test each
small business’s currently covered
circulator pump basic models.48
48 $622 (per basic model) × 100 (average number
of basic models per small business) = $62,200.
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Should DOE adopt energy
conservation standards in terms of CEI,
small businesses could incur total
capital and labor testing costs of
approximately $99,800. DOE
understands the annual revenue of the
three small businesses to be
approximately $2 million, $5 million,
and $158 million. Therefore, testing
costs could cause these small businesses
to incur up to 5 percent, 2 percent, and
less than 1 percent of annual revenue,
respectively.
DOE requests comment on the
estimated potential costs for the small
businesses.
5. Duplication Overlap, and Conflict
With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or
regulations that duplicate, overlap, or
conflict with the proposed rule being
considered today.
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
The discussion in the previous
section analyzes impacts on small
businesses that would result from DOE’s
proposed test procedure, if finalized. In
reviewing alternatives to the proposed
test procedure, DOE examined not
establishing a performance-based test
procedure for circulator pumps or
establishing prescriptive-based test
procedures for circulator pumps. While
not establishing performance-based test
procedures or establishing prescriptivebased test procedures for circular
pumps would reduce the burden on
small businesses, DOE must use test
procedures to determine whether the
products comply with relevant
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
DOE notes there currently are no
energy conservation standards
prescribed for circular pumps.
Therefore, manufacturers would not be
required to conduct the proposed test
procedure, if made final, until such time
as compliance is required with energy
conservation standards, should DOE
establish such standards, unless
manufacturers voluntarily chose to
make representations as to the energy
use or energy efficiency of circulator
pumps.
Additional compliance flexibilities
may be available through other means.
EPCA provides that a manufacturer
whose annual gross revenue from all of
its operations does not exceed $8
million may apply for an exemption
from all or part of an energy
conservation standard for a period not
longer than 24 months after the effective
date of a final rule establishing the
standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(t))
Additionally, section 504 of the
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Department of Energy Organization Act,
42 U.S.C. 7194, provides authority for
the Secretary to adjust a rule issued
under EPCA in order to prevent ‘‘special
hardship, inequity, or unfair
distribution of burdens’’ that may be
imposed on that manufacturer as a
result of such rule. Manufacturers
should refer to 10 CFR part 430, subpart
E, and 10 CFR part 1003 for additional
details.
regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, DOE has determined that
adopting test procedures for measuring
energy efficiency of consumer products
and industrial equipment is consistent
with activities identified in 10 CFR part
1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and
A6. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is
required.
C. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Although no energy conservation
standards have been established for
circulator pumps as of the publication
of this NOPR, manufacturers of
circulator pumps would need to certify
to DOE that their products comply with
any potential future applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their products
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and commercial equipment,
including circulator pumps. (See
generally 10 CFR part 429.) The
collection-of-information requirement
for the certification and recordkeeping
is subject to review and approval by
OMB under the Paperwork Reduction
Act (‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999) imposes
certain requirements on agencies
formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have federalism implications. The
Executive order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive order also requires agencies to
have an accountable process to ensure
meaningful and timely input by State
and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have federalism
implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy
describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the
development of such regulations. 65 FR
13735. DOE has examined this proposed
rule and has determined that it would
not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States,
or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. EPCA governs and
prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for
the products that are the subject of this
proposed rule. States can petition DOE
for exemption from such preemption to
the extent, and based on criteria, set
forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No
further action is required by Executive
Order 13132.
D. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes
definitions and a test procedure for
circulator pumps that it expects will be
used to develop and implement future
energy conservation standards for this
equipment. DOE has determined that
this rule falls into a class of actions that
are categorically excluded from review
under the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321, et
seq.) and DOE’s implementing
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F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of
Executive Order 12988, ‘‘Civil Justice
Reform,’’ 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996),
imposes on Federal agencies the general
duty to adhere to the following
requirements: (1) Eliminate drafting
errors and ambiguity, (2) write
regulations to minimize litigation, (3)
provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general
standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of
Executive Order 12988 specifically
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72133
requires that executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation, (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction, (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately
defines key terms, and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the proposed
rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
proposed regulatory action likely to
result in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector of $100 million or more
in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires
a Federal agency to publish a written
statement that estimates the resulting
costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b))
The UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process
to permit timely input by elected
officers of State, local, and Tribal
governments on a proposed ‘‘significant
intergovernmental mandate,’’ and
requires an agency plan for giving notice
and opportunity for timely input to
potentially affected small governments
before establishing any requirements
that might significantly or uniquely
affect small governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of
policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under
UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available at
www.energy.gov/gc/office-generalcounsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its
statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an
intergovernmental mandate, nor a
mandate that may result in the
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expenditure of $100 million or more in
any year, so these requirements do not
apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
proposed rule would not have any
impact on the autonomy or integrity of
the family as an institution.
Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to prepare a Family
Policymaking Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive
Order 12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions
and Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this proposed
regulation would not result in any
takings that might require compensation
under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
J. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant to OMB
Memorandum M–19–15, Improving
Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE
published updated guidelines which are
available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/
files/2019/12/f70/
DOE%20Final%20Updated%
20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019
.pdf. DOE has reviewed this proposed
rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines
and has concluded that it is consistent
with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ‘‘Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use,’’ 66 FR 28355 (May
22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to
prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any
proposed significant energy action. A
‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
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any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1)
is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor
order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is
designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. For
any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use
should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the
action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to
establish a test procedure for measuring
the energy efficiency of circulator
pumps is not a significant regulatory
action under Executive Order 12866.
Moreover, it would not have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it
been designated as a significant energy
action by the Administrator of OIRA.
Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
consult with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of these test
procedures on competition, prior to
prescribing a final rule.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
proposed rule authorizes or requires use
of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section
32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The proposed test procedure for
circulator pumps would incorporate
testing methods contained in certain
sections of the following commercial
standard: Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6–
2021, (‘‘HI 40.6–2021’’) ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing’’.
DOE has evaluated this standard and is
unable to conclude whether it fully
complies with the requirements of
section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether
it was developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE will
V. Public Participation
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M. Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference the test
standard published by Hydraulic
Institute (HI), titled ‘‘Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,’’
HI 40.6–2021. HI 40.6–2021 is an
industry-accepted standard used to
specify methods of testing for
determining the head, flow rate, driver
power input, pump power output, and
other relevant parameters necessary to
determine the CEI of applicable pumps
proposed in this TP NOPR. The test
procedure proposed in this NOPR
references various sections of HI 40.6–
2021 that address test setup,
instrumentation, measurement, and test
specifications. This standard can be
obtained from the organization directly
at the following address: Hydraulic
Institute, 6 Campus Drive, First Floor
North, Parsippany, NJ 07054–4406,
(973) 267–9700, or by visiting
www.Pumps.org.
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are
listed in the DATES section at the
beginning of this document. If no
participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled. Webinar registration
information, participant instructions,
and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE’s website:
www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/
standards.aspx?productid=66.
Participants are responsible for ensuring
their systems are compatible with the
webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared
General Statements for Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the
topics addressed in this NOPR, or who
is representative of a group or class of
persons that has an interest in these
issues, may request an opportunity to
make an oral presentation at the
webinar. Such persons may submit to
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a
computer file in WordPerfect, Microsoft
Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format
that briefly describes the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and the
topics they wish to discuss. Such
persons should also provide a daytime
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telephone number where they can be
reached.
Persons requesting to speak should
briefly describe the nature of their
interest in this rulemaking and provide
a telephone number for contact. DOE
requests persons selected to make an
oral presentation to submit an advance
copy of their statements at least two
weeks before the webinar. At its
discretion, DOE may permit persons
who cannot supply an advance copy of
their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative
arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary,
requests to give an oral presentation
should ask for such alternative
arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to
preside at the webinar/public meeting
and may also use a professional
facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or
evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with
section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6306). A
court reporter will be present to record
the proceedings and prepare a
transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and
to establish the procedures governing
the conduct of the webinar/public
meeting. There shall not be discussion
of proprietary information, costs or
prices, market share, or other
commercial matters regulated by U.S.
anti-trust laws. After the webinar/public
meeting and until the end of the
comment period, interested parties may
submit further comments on the
proceedings and any aspect of the
rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an
informal, conference style. DOE will
present summaries of comments
received before the webinar, allow time
for prepared general statements by
participants, and encourage all
interested parties to share their views on
issues affecting this rulemaking. Each
participant will be allowed to make a
general statement (within time limits
determined by DOE), before the
discussion of specific topics. DOE will
permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any
general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements
on a topic, DOE will permit participants
to clarify their statements briefly.
Participants should be prepared to
answer questions by DOE and by other
participants concerning these issues.
DOE representatives may also ask
questions of participants concerning
other matters relevant to this
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rulemaking. The official conducting the
webinar/public meeting will accept
additional comments or questions from
those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any
further procedural rules or modification
of the above procedures that may be
needed for the proper conduct of the
webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public
meeting will be included in the docket,
which can be viewed as described in the
Docket section at the beginning of this
NOPR. In addition, any person may buy
a copy of the transcript from the
transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and
information regarding this proposed
rule no later than the date provided in
the DATES section at the beginning of
this proposed rule. Interested parties
may submit comments using any of the
methods described in the ADDRESSES
section at the beginning of this
document.
Submitting comments via
www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will
require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact
information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your
contact information will not be publicly
viewable except for your first and last
names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any).
If your comment is not processed
properly because of technical
difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE
cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, DOE may not be
able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information
will be publicly viewable if you include
it in the comment or in any documents
attached to your comment. Any
information that you do not want to be
publicly viewable should not be
included in your comment, nor in any
document attached to your comment.
Persons viewing comments will see only
first and last names, organization
names, correspondence containing
comments, and any documents
submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to www.regulations.gov
information for which disclosure is
restricted by statute, such as trade
secrets and commercial or financial
information (hereinafter referred to as
Confidential Business Information
(‘‘CBI’’)). Comments submitted through
www.regulations.gov cannot be claimed
as CBI. Comments received through the
website will waive any CBI claims for
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the information submitted. For
information on submitting CBI, see the
Confidential Business Information
section.
DOE processes submissions made
through www.regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be
posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of
comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not
be viewable for up to several weeks.
Please keep the comment tracking
number that www.regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully
uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via email.
Comments and documents submitted
via email also will be posted to
www.regulations.gov. If you do not want
your personal contact information to be
publicly viewable, do not include it in
your comment or any accompanying
documents. Instead, provide your
contact information on a cover letter.
Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and
optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as
long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time
you submit comments, data, documents,
and other information to DOE. No faxes
will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other
information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file
format. Provide documents that are not
secured, written in English and free of
any defects or viruses. Documents
should not contain special characters or
any form of encryption and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic
signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit
campaign form letters by the originating
organization in batches of between 50 to
500 form letters per PDF or as one form
letter with a list of supporters’ names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This
reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person
submitting information that he or she
believes to be confidential and exempt
by law from public disclosure should
submit via email two well-marked
copies: One copy of the document
marked confidential including all the
information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked
non-confidential with the information
believed to be confidential deleted. DOE
will make its own determination about
the confidential status of the
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information and treat it according to its
determination.
It is DOE’s policy that all comments
may be included in the public docket,
without change and as received,
including any personal information
provided in the comments (except
information deemed to be exempt from
public disclosure).
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E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments
on any aspect of this proposal, DOE is
particularly interested in receiving
comments and views of interested
parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for circulator pump.
(2) DOE requests comment on the
proposed definition for horizontal
motor, including whether it meets the
intent of the CPWG or whether it would
include other motors not intended to be
captured in the definition.
(3) DOE requests comment on the
proposed definitions of header pump
and circulator-less-volute.
(4) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to include on-demand
circulator pumps within the scope of
this test procedure. DOE also requests
data and information that would justify
a CEI credit for on-demand circulator
pumps.
(5) DOE requests comment on the
proposed scope of applicability of the
circulator pump test procedure to
circulator pumps that are clean water
pumps, and the exclusion of header
pumps and submersible pumps from the
scope of the proposed test procedure.
(6) DOE requests comment on the
proposed applicability of the definition
of ‘‘basic model’’ at 10 CFR 431.462 to
circulator pumps and any
characteristics unique to circulator
pumps that may necessitate
modifications to that definition.
(7) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt CEI as the metric to
characterize the energy use of certain
circulator pumps and on the proposed
equation for CEI.
(8) DOE requests comment on the
proposal to allow manufacturers to
select the control variety used for testing
if the circulator pump model is
distributed in commerce with multiple
control varieties. DOE specifically
requests comment on whether DOE
should instead require manufacturers to
test a circulator pump model that offers
multiple control varieties with the least
consumptive control variety. DOE also
requests comment on the burden that
would be associated with such an
approach.
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(9) DOE requests comment on its
proposed definition of adaptive pressure
control.
(10) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method for circulator
pumps with pressure controls,
including whether DOE’s interpretation
of the new provisions in HI 41.5–2021
are accurate.
(11) DOE requests comment on
whether specific test provisions for
circulator pumps equipped with useradjustable pressure controls are needed,
and if so, on the proposed provisions for
such pumps.
(12) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test methods for circulator
pumps with adaptive pressure controls,
and in particular on the proposed
provisions not included in HI 41.5–
2021, including for pumps without a
manual control mode, whether
throttling should be allowed to achieve
head above the reference system curve,
or instead head should be allowed
below the reference system curve and
adjusted back to the curve, as with other
non-adaptive pressure controls. DOE
also requests comment on the HI 41.5–
2021 provision for manual adjustment
to achieve 100 percent BEP flow and
heat point at max speed, which is not
included for other pressure controls.
(13) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test methods, test points, and
weights for circulator pumps with
temperature controls.
(14) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors
for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with manual speed controls.
(15) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors
for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
controls. In particular, DOE requests
comment on whether manual speed
adjustment and/or simulated external
input signal are appropriate for testing
circulator pumps with external input
signal only, as well as circulator pumps
with external input signal in addition to
other control varieties. DOE also seeks
comment on whether it is necessary to
reference the ‘‘lowest speed setting’’
when determining the appropriate test
points. Finally, DOE seeks comment on
whether the test points and weights for
circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with external input signal
control in addition to other control
varieties are appropriately reflective of
their energy consumption in the field
relative to other control varieties.
(16) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test method for circulator
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pumps distributed in commerce with no
controls.
(17) DOE requests comment on the
proposal to incorporate by reference HI
40.6–2021, inclusive of Appendix E,
into the proposed appendix D to subpart
Y, with the exceptions, modifications,
and additions described in section
III.E.2 of this document.
(18) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to not reference sections
40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2,
40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1, Appendix B, and
Appendix G of HI 40.6–2021 as part of
the DOE test procedure for circulator
pumps.
(19) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test procedure for twin head
circulator pumps.
(20) DOE requests comment on the
proposed test procedure for circulatorsless-volute. Specifically, DOE seeks
comment as to any additional details
that should be addressed in testing a
circulator-less-volute with any given
volute to determine applicable CEI
values.
(21) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt the provisions in
Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021 for
determining circulator pump driver
power input at specified flow rates,
including whether these provisions are
more appropriate than those
recommended by the CPWG.
(22) DOE requests comment on the
proposal that for circulator pumps with
pressure and manual speed controls, if
all the tested flow values are within ±5
percent of the flow load points specified
by the reference curve and tested head
values are below the head load points
specified by the reference curve, the
tested driver power input values would
be proportionally adjusted to the
specified flow and head points. If the
tested head values are above the
reference system curve, only the flow
values would be proportionally adjusted
to the specified value. DOE requests
comment on whether HI intended to
remove all power correction (including
flow correction) above the reference
curve for pumps with pressure and
manual speed controls.
(23) DOE requests comment on the
proposal that for temperature and
external input signal controls, if all the
tested flow values are within ±5 percent
of the flow load points specified by the
reference system curve and all the tested
head values are within ±10 percent of
the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, the tested driver
power input values would be
proportionally adjusted to the specified
flow and head points. If the tested head
values are above the reference system
curve by more than 10 percent, only the
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flow values would be proportionally
adjusted to the specified value. DOE
requests comment on whether HI
intended to remove all power correction
above the reference curve for
temperature and external input signal
controls.
(24) DOE also requests comment on
the proposed applicability of the
tolerance and proportional adjustment
method to the various test points, as
compared to the curve fitting method,
based on circulator pump control
variety. DOE particularly requests
comment on which category is most
appropriate for the 100 percent of BEP
flow point.
(25) DOE requests comment on the
proposal that all calculations be
performed with the raw measured data,
to ensure accuracy, and to round CER,
BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP
head at maximum speed values to three
significant figures; real power, true RMS
current, and true RMS voltage values
the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and CEI,
hydraulic horsepower, and true power
factor values to the hundredths place
(i.e., 0.01).
(26) DOE requests comment on the
proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower, identified as the measured
hydraulic horsepower at BEP and full
impeller diameter for the rated pump, as
the primary standardized metric to
determine the scope of applicability of
dry rotor circulator pumps in this
circulator pump test procedure.
(27) DOE requests comment on the
proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification
requirements for circulator pumps.
(28) DOE requests comment on how,
absent information on the tested control
method for a basic model, DOE should
determine which test method to
conduct.
(29) DOE requests comment on the
proposed product-specific enforcement
testing provisions for circulator pumps,
particularly with regard to the
appropriate control curve for pressure
controls (when not specified) and the
appropriate speed settings for other
control methods.
(30) DOE requests comment on the
proposal to apply to circulator pumps
the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in
appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part
429.
(31) DOE seeks comment upon the
applicability of a 5 percent tolerance on
hydraulic horsepower for each tested
circulator pump model or if a higher or
lower percentage variation would be
justified.
(32) DOE requests comment on its
proposal to adopt provisions for the
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measurement of several other circulator
pump metrics, including overall (wireto-water) efficiency, driver power input,
and/or pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower).
(33) DOE also requests comment on
its belief that HI 40.6–2021 contains all
the necessary methods to determine
overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver
power input, and/or pump power
output (hydraulic horsepower) and that
further specification is not necessary.
(34) DOE requests comment on the
capital cost burden associated with the
proposed circulator pump test
procedure, including the estimated
capabilities of current manufacturers.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on
the estimate that the likely capital cost
burden incurred by existing circulator
pump manufacturers would be between
$0 and $37,600.
(35) DOE requests comment on the
estimated time and costs to complete a
test of a single circulator pump basic
model under the proposed test
procedure.
(36) DOE requests comments on the
benefits and burdens of the proposed
additions to industry standards
referenced in the test procedure for
circulator pumps.
(37) DOE requests comment on the
number of small businesses DOE
identified.
(38) DOE requests comment on the
estimated potential costs for the small
businesses.
Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this notice of proposed
rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test
procedures, Incorporation by reference,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on November 16,
2021, by Kelly Speakes-Backman,
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
and Acting Assistant Secretary for
Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, pursuant to delegated authority
from the Secretary of Energy. That
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72137
document with the original signature
and date is maintained by DOE. For
administrative purposes only, and in
compliance with requirements of the
Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register
Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in
electronic format for publication, as an
official document of the Department of
Energy. This administrative process in
no way alters the legal effect of this
document upon publication in the
Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on November
17, 2021.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 431 of Chapter II of Title
10, Code of Federal Regulations as set
forth below:
PART 429—CERTIFICATION,
COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 429
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Section 429.59 is amended by:
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i),
(a)(2)(i) and (a)(2)(iii), and
■ b. Adding paragraphs (a)(2)(iv)
through (vii).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
■
■
§ 429.59
Pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) Any representation of the constant
load pump energy index (PEICL),
variable load pump energy index
(PEIVL), circulator energy index (CEI), or
other measure of energy consumption of
a basic model for which consumers
would favor lower values shall be
greater than or equal to the higher of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where:
and x¯ is the sample mean, n is the
number of samples, and xi is the
maximum of the ith sample;
Or,
(B) The upper 95 percent confidence
limit (UCL) of the true mean divided by
1.05, where:
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x + to.9s (.ln)
and x¯ is the sample mean, s is the
sample standard deviation, n is the
number of samples, and t0.95 is the t
statistic for a 95 percent one-tailed
confidence interval with n-1 degrees of
freedom (from appendix A of subpart B
of part 429).
*
*
*
*
*
(2) * * *
(i) Rated hydraulic horsepower. The
representative value of rated hydraulic
horsepower of a basic model of
dedicated-purpose pool pump or
circulator pump must be the mean of
the rated hydraulic horsepower for each
tested unit.
*
*
*
*
*
(iii) True power factor. The
representative value of true power factor
of a basic model of dedicated-purpose
pool pump or circulator pump must be
determined based on the mean of the
true power factors for each tested unit
of dedicated-purpose pool pump or
circulator pump motor, respectively.
(iv) True RMS current and true RMS
voltage. The representative values of
true RMS current and true RMS voltage
of a basic model of circulator pump
must be determined based on the mean
of the true RMS currents and true RMS
voltages, respectively, for each tested
unit.
(v) Input power. The representative
value(s) of input power of a basic model
of circulator pump must be determined
based on the mean of the input power
at measured data point(s) for each tested
unit.
(vi) Flow at BEP and maximum speed.
The representative value of flow at BEP
and maximum speed of a basic model of
circulator pump must be determined
based on the mean of the flow at BEP
and maximum speed for each tested
unit.
(vii) Head at BEP and maximum
speed. The representative value of head
at BEP and maximum speed of a basic
model of circulator pump must be
determined based on the mean of the
head at BEP and maximum speed for
each tested unit.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 429.110 is amended by
revising paragraphs (e)(1) and (5) to read
as follows:
§ 429.110
Enforcement testing.
*
*
*
*
*
(e) * * *
(1) For products with applicable
energy conservation standard(s) in
§ 430.32 of this chapter, and commercial
prerinse spray valves, illuminated exit
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signs, traffic signal modules and
pedestrian modules, commercial clothes
washers, dedicated-purpose pool
pumps, circulator pumps, and metal
halide lamp ballasts, DOE will use a
sample size of not more than 21 units
and follow the sampling plans in
appendix A of this subpart (Sampling
for Enforcement Testing of Covered
Consumer Products and Certain HighVolume Commercial Equipment).
*
*
*
*
*
(5) For pumps subject to the test
procedures specified in § 431.464(a) of
this chapter, DOE will use an initial
sample size of not more than four units
and will determine compliance based
on the arithmetic mean of the sample.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 4. Section 429.134 is amended by
adding paragraph (i)(3) to read as
follows:
§ 429.134 Product-specific enforcement
provisions.
*
*
*
*
*
(i) * * *
(3) Circulator pumps.
(i) The flow rate at BEP and maximum
speed of each tested unit of the basic
model will be measured pursuant to the
test requirements of § 431.464(c) of this
chapter, where the value of flow rate at
BEP and maximum speed certified by
the manufacturer will be treated as the
expected BEP flow rate at maximum
speed. The resulting measurement will
be compared to the value of flow rate at
BEP and maximum speed certified by
the manufacturer. The certified flow rate
at BEP and maximum speed will be
considered valid only if the
measurement (either the measured flow
rate at BEP and maximum speed for a
single unit sample or the average of the
measured flow rates for a multiple unit
sample) is within 5 percent of the
certified flow rate at BEP and maximum
speed.
(A) If the representative value of flow
rate is found to be valid, the measured
flow rate at BEP and maximum speed
will be used in subsequent calculations
of circulator energy rating (CER) and
circulator energy index (CEI) for that
basic model.
(B) If the representative value of flow
rate at BEP and maximum speed is
found to be invalid, the mean of all the
measured values of flow rate at BEP and
maximum speed determined from the
tested unit(s) will serve as the new
expected BEP flow rate and the unit(s)
will be retested until such time as the
measured flow rate at BEP and
maximum speed is within 5 percent of
the expected BEP flow rate.
(ii) DOE will test each circulator
pump unit according to the control
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setting with which the unit was rated.
If no control setting is specified and no
controls were available, DOE would test
using the full speed test. If no control
setting is specified and a variety of
controls are available, DOE would test
using the test method for any one of the
control varieties available on board.
(iii) Pressure controls will be tested in
the automatic setting except that
adaptive pressure controls will be tested
at the manual control option that results
in the lowest head values at each test
point below maximum speed. When
conducting tests of pressure controls for
which the no control curve is specified,
the circulator pump will be tested using
any control curve meeting the
requirements specified in the test
method.
(iv) External input signal controls and
temperature controls will be tested at
the lowest speed setting that will
achieve a head at or above the reference
curve.
(v) Manual speed controls will be
tested using the speed setting closest to
(above or below) each of the head points
specified by the reference system curve.
*
*
*
*
*
PART 431—ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
5. The authority citation for part 431
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
6. Section 431.462 is amended by:
a. Adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for the terms ‘‘Adaptive
pressure controls,’’ ‘‘Circulator-lessvolute,’’ ‘‘Circulator pump,’’ ‘‘Dry rotor,
three-piece circulator pump,’’ ‘‘Dry
rotor, two-piece circulator pump,’’
‘‘External input signal control,’’ ‘‘Header
pump,’’ ‘‘Manual speed control,’’ ‘‘Ondemand circulator,’’ ‘‘Pressure control,’’
‘‘Temperature control,’’ and ‘‘Wet rotor
circulator pump.’’; and
■ b. Revising the definition of the term
‘‘Horizontal motor.’’
The additions and revision read as
follows:
■
■
§ 431.462
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Adaptive pressure control means a
pressure control that continuously
senses the head requirements in the
system in which it is installed and
adjusts the control curve of the pump
accordingly.
*
*
*
*
*
Circulator-less-volute means a
circulator pump distributed in
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commerce without a volute and for
which a paired volute is also distributed
in commerce. Whether a paired volute
is distributed in commerce will be
determined based on published data,
marketing literature, and other publicly
available information.
Circulator pump means is a pump
that is either a wet rotor circulator
pumps; a dry rotor, two-piece circulator
pump; or a dry rotor, three-piece
circulator pump. A circulator pump
may be distributed in commerce with or
without a volute.
*
*
*
*
*
Dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump
means a single stage, rotodynamic,
single-axis flow, mechanically-coupled,
dry rotor pump that:
(1) Has a rated hydraulic power less
than or equal to 5 hp at the best
efficiency point at full impeller
diameter,
(2) Is distributed in commerce with a
horizontal motor, and
(3) Discharges the pumped liquid
through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft.
Examples include, but are not limited
to, pumps generally referred to in
industry as CP3.
Dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump
means a single stage, rotodynamic,
single-axis flow, close-coupled, dry
rotor pump that:
(1) Has a rated hydraulic power less
than or equal to 5 hp at best efficiency
point at full impeller diameter,
(2) Is distributed in commerce with a
horizontal motor, and
(3) Discharges the pumped liquid
through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft.
Examples include, but are not limited
to, pumps generally referred to in
industry as CP2.
*
*
*
*
*
External input signal control means a
variable speed drive that adjusts the
speed of the driver in response to an
input signal from an external logic and/
or user interface.
*
*
*
*
*
Header pump means a circulator
pump distributed in commerce without
a volute and for which a paired volute
is not distributed in commerce. Whether
a paired volute is distributed in
commerce will be determined based on
published data, marketing literature,
and other publicly available
information.
Horizontal motor means a motor, for
which the motor shaft position when
functioning under operating conditions
specified in manufacturer literature,
includes a horizontal position.
*
*
*
*
*
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Manual speed control means a control
(variable speed drive and user interface)
that adjusts the speed of the driver
based on manual user input.
*
*
*
*
*
On-demand circulator pump means a
circulator pump that is distributed in
commerce with an integral control that:
(1) Initiates water circulation based on
receiving a signal from the action of a
user [of a fixture or appliance] or
sensing the presence of a user of a
fixture and cannot initiate water
circulation based on other inputs, such
as water temperature or a pre-set
schedule.
(2) Automatically terminates water
circulation once hot water has reached
the pump or desired fixture.
(3) Does not allow the pump to
operate when the temperature in the
pipe exceeds 104 °F or for more than 5
minutes continuously.
*
*
*
*
*
Pressure control means a control
(variable speed drive and integrated
logic) that automatically adjusts the
speed of the driver in response to
pressure.
*
*
*
*
*
Temperature control means a control
(variable speed drive and integrated
logic) that automatically adjusts the
speed of the driver continuously over
the driver operating speed range in
response to temperature.
*
*
*
*
*
Wet rotor circulator pump means a
single stage, rotodynamic, closecoupled, wet rotor pump. Examples
include, but are not limited to, pumps
generally referred to in industry as CP1.
■ 7. Section 431.463 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) and adding
paragraph (d)(5) to read as follows:
§ 431.463 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by
reference into this subpart with the
approval of the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce
any edition other than that specified in
this section, DOE must publish a
document in the Federal Register and
the material must be available to the
public. All approved material is
available for inspection at the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586–2945,
https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/
appliance-and-equipment-standardsprogram, and may be obtained from the
other sources in this section. It is also
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available for inspection at the National
Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA,
email: fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to:
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/
ibr-locations.html.
*
*
*
*
*
(d) * * *
(5) HI 40.6–2021, (‘‘HI 40.6–2021’’),
‘‘Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing,’’ copyright 2021, IBR
approved for appendix D to subpart Y
of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Section 431.464 is amended by
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§ 431.464 Test procedure for measuring
energy efficiency and other performance
factors of pumps.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) Circulator pumps—
(1) Scope. This paragraph (c) provides
the test procedures for determining the
circulator energy index for circulator
pumps that are also clean water pumps,
including on-demand circulator pumps
and circulators-less-volute, and
excluding submersible pumps and
header pumps.
(2) Testing and calculations.
Determine the circulator energy index
(CEI) using the test procedure set forth
in appendix D of this subpart Y.
■ 9. Add appendix D to subpart Y of
part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix D to Subpart Y of Part 431—
Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Consumption of
Circulator Pumps
I. Test Procedure for Circulator Pumps
A. General
A.1 Referenced materials. DOE
incorporated by reference in § 431.463 the
entire standard for HI 40.6–2021. However,
not all provisions of HI 40.6–2021 apply to
this appendix. If there is any conflict
between any industry standard and this
appendix, follow the language of the test
procedure in this appendix, disregarding the
conflicting industry standard language.
Specifically, the following provisions are not
applicable:
(1) Section 40.6.4—Considerations when
determining the efficiency of certain
pumps, Section 40.6.4.1—Vertically
suspended pumps
(2) Section 40.6.4—Considerations when
determining the efficiency of certain
pumps, Section 40.6.4.2—Submersible
pumps
(3) Section 40.6.5—Test procedures, Section
40.6.5.3—Test report
(4) Section 40.6.5—Test procedures, Section
40.6.5.5—Test conditions, Section
40.6.5.5.2—Speed of rotation during test
(5) Section 40.6.6—Analysis, Section
40.6.6.1—Translation of the test results
to the specified speed of rotation
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B.6 If a given circulator pump model is
distributed in commerce with multiple
control varieties available, the manufacturer
may select a control variety (or varieties)
among those available with which to test the
circulator pump, including the test method
for circulator pumps without external input
signal, manual, pressure, or temperature
controls (i.e., full speed test).
C. Measurement Equipment. For the
purposes of measuring flow rate, head, driver
power input, and pump power output, the
equipment specified in HI 40.6–2021
Appendix C must be used and must comply
with the stated accuracy requirements in HI
40.6–2021 Table 40.6.3.2.3. When more than
one instrument is used to measure a given
parameter, the combined accuracy,
calculated as the root sum of squares of
individual instrument accuracies, must meet
the specified accuracy requirements.
D. Test conditions.
D.1 Pump specifications. Conduct testing
in accordance with the test conditions,
stabilization requirements, and specifications
of HI 40.6–2021 section 40.6.3, ‘‘Pump
efficiency testing’’; section 40.6.4,
‘‘Considerations when determining the
efficiency of a pump,’’ including section
40.6.4.4, ‘‘Determination of pump overall
efficiency’’; section 40.6.5.4 (including
Appendix A), ‘‘Test arrangements’’; and
section 40.6.5.5, ‘‘Test conditions.’’
D.2 Twin head circulator pump. To test
twin head circulator pumps, one of the two
impeller assemblies should be incorporated
into an adequate, single impeller volute and
casing. An adequate, single impeller volute
and casing means a volute and casing for
which any physical and functional
characteristics that affect energy
consumption and energy efficiency are
essentially identical to their corresponding
characteristics for a single impeller in the
twin head circulator pump volute and casing.
D.3 Circulator-less-volute. To determine
the CEI for a circulator-less-volute, test each
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H
Where:
H = total system head (ft);
Q = flow rate (gpm);
Q100% = flow rate at 100 percent of BEP flow
at maximum speed (gpm); and
H100% = total pump head at 100 percent of
BEP flow at maximum speed (ft).
E.4 Rounding. All terms and quantities
refer to values determined in accordance
with the procedures set forth in this
appendix for the rated circulator pump.
Perform all calculations using raw measured
values without rounding. Round PERCIRC,
BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP head
at maximum speed values to three significant
figures. Round real power, true RMS current
and true RMS voltage values the tenths place
(i.e., 0. 1). Round PEICIRC, hydraulic
horsepower, true power factor, and all other
reported values to the hundredths place
unless otherwise specified.
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= [o.8 *
(-Q-) + 0.2] *
2
H100%
Q100%
F. Calculation of CEI.
F.1 Determine CEI using the following
equation:
CER
CE/= CERsTD
Where:
CEI = the circulator energy index
(dimensionless);
CER = the circulator energy rating
determined in accordance with section II
(for circulator pumps with external input
signal controls), section III (for circulator
pumps with manual speed controls),
section IV (for circulator pumps with
pressure controls), section V (for
circulator pumps with temperature
controls), or section VI (for circulator
pumps without external input signal,
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circulator-less-volute with each volute for
which the circulator-less-volute is offered for
sale or advertised to be paired for that
circulator pump model according to the
testing and calculations described in sections
II, III, IV, V, or VI of this appendix,
depending on the variety of control with
which the circulator pump model is
distributed in commerce, as specified in
section B of this appendix. Alternatively,
each circulator-less-volute may be tested
with the most consumptive volute with
which is it offered for sale or advertised to
be paired for that circulator pump model.
E. Data collection and analysis.
E.1 Stabilization. Record data at any test
point only under stabilized conditions, as
defined in HI 40.6–2021 section 40.6.5.5.1.
E.2 Testing BEP at maximum speed for
the circulator pump. Determine the BEP of
the circulator pump at maximum speed as
specified in Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021
including sections 40.6.5.5.1 and 40.6.6 as
modified. Determine the BEP flow rate at
maximum speed as the flow rate at the
operating point of maximum overall
efficiency on the circulator pump curve, as
determined in accordance with section
40.6.6.3 of HI 40.6–2021 as modified by
Appendix E, where overall efficiency is the
ratio of the circulator pump power output
divided by the driver power input, as
specified in Table 40.6.2.1 of HI 40.6–2021.
For the purposes of this test procedure, all
references to ‘‘driver power input’’ in this
appendix or HI 40.6–2021 shall refer to the
input power to the controls, or to the motor
if no controls are present.
E.3 Reference system curve. The
reference system curve for each circulator
pump variety is defined uniquely for each
pump as a quadratic function with a fixed
head component of 20 percent of the head at
BEP at maximum speed as defined by the
following equation:
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manual, pressure or temperature
controls) (hp); and
CERSTD = the CER for a circulator pump that
is minimally compliant with DOE’s
energy conservation standards with the
same hydraulic horsepower as the tested
pump, as determined in accordance with
the specifications at paragraph (i) of
§ 431.465.
G. Determination of Additional Circulator
Performance Parameters.
G.1 To determine flow and head at BEP,
as well as pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower), driver power input, overall
(wire-to-water) efficiency, true RMS current,
true RMS voltage, real power, and/or power
factor at relevant load points, conduct testing
according to section I.A.1 of this appendix.
G.2 Determine the rated hydraulic
horsepower as the pump power output
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(6) Section 40.6.6—Analysis, Section
40.6.6.1—Translation of the test results
to the specified speed of rotation,
Section 40.6.6.1.1—Translation of the
test results into data based on specified
speed of rotation
(7) Appendix B—Reporting of test results
(8) Appendix G—DOE compared to HI 40.6
nomenclature
A.2 To determine the circulator energy
index (CEI), testing shall be performed in
accordance with HI 40.6–2021, including
Appendix E ‘‘Testing Circulator Pumps,’’
with the exceptions noted in section A.0 of
this appendix and the modifications and
additions as noted throughout the following
provisions. For the purposes of applying this
appendix, the term ‘‘pump power output,’’ as
defined in section 40.6.2, ‘‘Terms and
definitions,’’ of HI 40.6–2021 shall be
deemed to be synonymous with the term
‘‘hydraulic horsepower’’ used throughout
that standard and this appendix.
B. Scope.
B.1 Section II of this appendix describes
the testing of circulator pumps with external
input signal controls and the calculation of
CER for these circulator pumps.
B.2 Section III of this appendix describes
the testing of circulator pumps with manual
speed controls and the calculation of CER for
these circulator pumps.
B.3 Section IV of this appendix describes
the testing of circulator pumps with pressure
controls and the calculation of CER for these
circulator pumps.
B.4 Section V of this appendix describes
the testing of circulator pumps with
temperature controls and the calculation of
CER for these circulator pumps.
B.5 Section VI of this appendix describes
the testing of circulator pumps without
external input signal, manual, pressure, or
temperature controls (i.e., full speed test) and
the calculation of CER for these circulator
pumps.
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p.m,lreduced
.
-(QR,i)
QT,j pT,J.
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
wi = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at
test points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent
of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point
i (hp); and
i = test point(s), corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of the flow at BEP.
C. Circulator pumps with external input
signal control in addition to other control
varieties, or which can be operated without
an external input signal.
C.1 Determination of circulator pump
driver power input.
C.1.1 Determine the driver power input at
25, 50, and 75 percent of the measured BEP
flow rate at maximum speed (as determined
according to section I.E.2 of this appendix) of
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,i = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
C.1.2.4 If the tested head value is below
the head load point specified by the reference
system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
C.2 Calculating the circulator energy
rating. Determine the CER of each tested
circulator pump using the following
equation:
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.30;
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum rotating speed of the
circulator pump (hp), calculated in
accordance with section II.C.2.1 of this
appendix;
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.70; and
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:33 Dec 17, 2021
Jkt 256001
CER
=
L lu/Pin,a
i
PO 00000
Frm 00047
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
p..
-
m,lreduced -
E:\FR\FM\20DEP2.SGM
20DEP2
_!!!:..
__
,l
p.
H ·)(QR·)
(H
. Q . T,J
T,J
T,J
EP20DE21.026</GPH>
A. Scope.
A.1 This section II applies only to
circulator pumps sold with only external
input signal controls and circulator pumps
sold with external input signal controls in
addition to other control varieties.
B. Circulator pumps with only external
input signal control, and which cannot be
operated without an external input signal.
B.1 Adjust the speed of the pump using
a manual speed adjustment or with a
simulated external signal to activate the
external signal input control to achieve flow
rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
BEP flow rate (as determined according to
section I.E.2 of this appendix) with head
values that are at or above the reference
system curve (defined in section I.E.3 of this
appendix). Measure the driver power input at
those flow rates.
B.1.1 All tested flow values must be
within ±5 percent of the target flow load
points as specified by the reference system
curve.
B.1.2 For tested head values more than 10
percent above the head load points specified
by the reference system curve, adjust the
tested driver power input to the specified
flow point using the following equation:
EP20DE21.027</GPH>
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
C.1.2.3 For tested head values within ±10
percent of the head load points specified by
the reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow and
head point using the following equation:
EP20DE21.025</GPH>
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
B.1.4 If the tested head value is below the
head load point specified by the reference
system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
B.2. Calculating the circulator energy
rating. Determine the CER of each tested
circulator pump using the following
equation:
EP20DE21.024</GPH>
pm,i
. . = (HR,i)
(QR,i) p .
H . Q . T,J
T,J T,J
EP20DE21.023</GPH>
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
II. Testing and Calculation of CER for
Circulator Pumps With External Input
Signal Controls
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
B.1.3 For tested head values within ±10
percent of the head load points specified by
the reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow and
head point using the following equation:
the tested circulator pump in accordance
with Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021.
C.1.2 Determine the driver power input at
100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed
and at 25, 50, 75 percent of the BEP flow rate
and reduced speed by using a manual speed
adjustment or a simulated external input
signal to adjust the speed of the driver to
achieve those flow rates with a head value at
or above the reference system curve defined
in section I.E.3 of this appendix. Measure the
driver power input at those flow rates.
C.1.2.1 All tested flow values must be
within ±5 percent of the target flow load
points as specified by the reference system
curve.
C.1.2.2 For tested head values more than
10 percent above the head load points
specified by the reference system curve,
adjust the tested driver power input to the
specified flow point using the following
equation:
EP20DE21.022</GPH>
Where:
PFi = true power factor at each load point i,
dimensionless;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or
controls, if present) at each load point i,
in watts;
Vi = true RMS voltage at each load point i,
in volts;
Ii = true RMS current at each load point i, in
amps; and
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each
circulator pump control variety as
specified in sections II, III, IV, V, or VI
of this appendix.
pin,i = (QR,i)p
QT,j T,j
EP20DE21.021</GPH>
measured at BEP and full impeller diameter
for the rated pump.
G.3 Determine the true power factor at
each applicable load point specified in
sections II, III, IV, V, or VI of this appendix
for each circulator pump control variety as a
ratio of driver power input to the motor (or
controls, if present) (Pi), in watts, divided by
the product of the true RMS voltage in volts
and the true RMS current in amps at each
load point i, as shown in the following
equation:
72142
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 / Proposed Rules
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced rotating speeds of the circulator
pump (hp), calculated in accordance
with section II.C.2.2 of this appendix.
C.2.1 Determine the weighted average
input power at maximum speed using the
following equation:
Pinmax
=
L
u)imax ( Pin,imax)
i
Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum speed of the circulator pump
(hp);
wi_max = 0.25;
Pin,i_max = driver power input at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump at
p.lnreduced
'W·
=L
lreduced
each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section II.C.1.1 of this
appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of the flow at BEP and
maximum speed.
C.2.2 Determine the weighted average
input power at reduced speeds of the
circulator pump using the following
equation:
(P·in,lreduced
·
)
i
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Jkt 256001
C.1 Determine the weighted average input
power at maximum speed using the
following equation:
p.lnmax
= 'L
w.lmax (P·in,lmax
. )
i
Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum speed of the circulator pump
(hp);
wi_max = 0.25;
'W·
=L
lreduced
Pin,i_max = driver power input at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump at
each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section III.B.1; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of the flow at BEP and
maximum speed.
C.2 Determine the weighted average input
power at reduced speeds of the circulator
pump using the following equation:
PO 00000
Frm 00048
Fmt 4701
(P·in,lreduced
·
)
Sfmt 4725
E:\FR\FM\20DEP2.SGM
EP20DE21.034</GPH>
T,J
EP20DE21.033</GPH>
.
T,J
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating.
Determine the CER of each tested circulator
pump using the following equation:
i
18:33 Dec 17, 2021
Q
= Zmax(Pinmax ) + Zreduced(Pinre duce d)
p.lnreduced
VerDate Sep<11>2014
.
T,J
EP20DE21.032</GPH>
T,l
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
CER
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.75;
Pin_max = weighted average input power at
maximum rotating speed of the
circulator pump (hp), calculated in
accordance with section III.C.1 of this
appendix;
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.25;
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced rotating speeds of the circulator
pump (hp), calculated in accordance
with section III.C.2 of this appendix.
p .
H
EP20DE21.031</GPH>
-(QR,i)
m,lreduced QT,j
m,lreduced -
EP20DE21.030</GPH>
p. .
- (HR,i) (QR,i) F .
p. .
EP20DE21.029</GPH>
III. Testing and Calculation of CER for
Circulator Pumps With Manual Speed
Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section III applies only to
circulator pumps sold with manual speed
controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver
power input.
B.1 Determine the driver power input at
25, 50, and 75 percent of the measured BEP
flow rate at maximum speed (as determined
according to section I.E.2 of this appendix) of
the tested circulator pump in accordance
with Appendix E of HI 40.6–2021.
B.2 Determine the driver power input at
100 percent of BEP flow at maximum speed
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,i = the tested driver power input at load
point i (hp).
B.2.4 For tested head values that are
below the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow and
head point using the following equation:
20DEP2
EP20DE21.028</GPH>
and at 25, 50, and 75 percent of the BEP flow
rate at reduced speed by manually setting the
speed of the circulator pump and measuring
the driver power input at those flow rates
with the following additional requirements:
B.2.1 The tested control curve must:
(1) Be available to the end-user,
(2) Produce a head equal to or greater than
25 percent of BEP head at a minimum of one
test point, and
(3) Achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the
reference system curve defined in section
I.E.3 of this appendix.
B.2.2 All tested flow values must be
within ±5 percent of the target flow load
points as specified by the reference system
curve.
B.2.3 For tested head values that are at or
above the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow
point using the following equation:
Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced speeds of the circulator pump
(hp);
wi_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = driver power input at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator pump at
each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section II.C.1.2 of this
appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, and
75 percent of the flow at BEP with head
at or above the reference system curve.
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 / Proposed Rules
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:33 Dec 17, 2021
Jkt 256001
p . . = (HR,i) (QR,i) p .
mi
HT,j
QT,j ~1
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating.
Determine the CER of each tested circulator
pump using the following equation:
CER
=
L lui(Pin,a
i
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
PO 00000
Frm 00049
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 4702
p
in,i
= (QR,i)p
QT,j T,j
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
B.1.3 For tested head values within ±10
percent of the head load points specified by
the reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow and
head point using the following equation:
p . . = (HR,i) (QR,i) p .
mi
H T,j
QT,j TJ
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based
on the reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
B.1.4 If the tested head value is below the
head load point specified by the reference
system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
E:\FR\FM\20DEP2.SGM
20DEP2
EP20DE21.039</GPH>
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i
based on the reference system curve
(gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j
(gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load
point j (hp).
B.1.5 For tested head values that are
below the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow and
head point using the following equation:
EP20DE21.038</GPH>
= (QR,i)p
QT,j T,j
V. Testing and Calculation of CER for
Circulator Pumps With Temperature
Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section V applies only to
circulator pumps sold with temperature
controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver
power input.
B.1 Adjust the speed of the pump using
a manual speed adjustment or a simulated
temperature signal to activate the
temperature control to achieve flow rates of
25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the BEP flow
rate (as determined according to section I.E.2
of this appendix) with head values that are
at or above the reference system curve
(defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix).
Measure the driver power input at those flow
rates.
B.1.1 All tested flow values must be
within ±5 percent of the target flow load
points as specified by the reference system
curve.
B.1.2 For tested head values that are more
than 10 percent above the reference system
curve, adjust the tested driver power input to
the specified flow point using the following
equation:
EP20DE21.037</GPH>
p
in,i
wi = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at
test points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent
of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point
i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of BEP flow.
EP20DE21.036</GPH>
IV. Testing and Calculation of CER for
Circulator Pumps With Pressure Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section IV applies only to
circulator pumps sold with pressure controls,
including adaptive pressure controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver
power input.
B.1 Determine the driver power input at
25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the BEP flow
rate (as determined according to section I.E.2
of this appendix) by measuring the driver
power input at those flow rates with the
following additional requirements.
B.1.1 For pressure controls that are not
adaptive pressure controls, select the control
settings according to section B.1.1.1 of this
appendix, and evaluate the load points at 25,
50, and 75 percent of BEP flow using one of
the methods specified in section B.1.1.2 of
this appendix.
B.1.1.1 If the minimum and/or maximum
head values on the control curve can be
adjusted, adjust the maximum head value to
100 percent of BEP head at maximum speed
and the minimum head value to 20 percent
of BEP head at maximum speed. If the
maximum head values on the control curve
cannot be adjusted, select a control curve that
meets the following requirements:
The tested control curve must:
(1) Be available to the end-user,
(2) Produce a head equal to or greater than
25 percent of BEP head at a minimum of one
test point, and
(3) Achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the
reference system curve defined in section
I.E.3 of this appendix.
B.1.1.2 Adjust the speed of the pump at
flow rates of 25, 50, and 75 percent of BEP
flow using one of the methods specified in
sections B.1.1.3.1 through B.1.1.3.3 of this
appendix. Only one control setting may be
evaluated.
B.1.1.2.1 Throttle the pump to the desired
flow rate and allow the selected pressure
control to automatically reduce the speed
according to the control curve for the control
setting being evaluated.
B.1.1.2.2 Manually adjust the speed of the
pump and throttle the pump as needed to
achieve speed settings equivalent to those
that would be generated by the control
setting being evaluated.
B.1.1.2.3 Provide a simulated pressure
signal and throttle the pump as needed to
achieve speed settings equivalent to those
that would be generated by the control
setting being evaluated.
B.1.2 For pressure controls that are
adaptive pressure controls, select the control
settings and adjust the speed of the pump
according to section B.1.2.1 or B.1.2.2 of this
appendix. Adaptive pressure controls may be
manually adjusted to achieve 100 percent
BEP flow and head point at max speed.
B.1.2.1 If the pump can be manually
controlled, adjust the speed manually to
achieve the load point flow rates with head
values at or above the greater of the reference
system curve and the minimum thresholds
for head specified in the manufacturer
literature.
B.1.2.2 If the pump does not have a
manual control mode available, adjust the
speed based on the pressure control mode
with the lowest head at each load point. If
the selected pressure control mode results in
a head value below the reference system
curve, the pump may be throttled to achieve
a head value at or above the reference system
curve.
B.1.3 All tested flow values must be
within ±5 percent of the target flow load
points as specified by the reference system
curve equation in section I.E.3 of this
appendix.
B.1.4 For tested head values that are at or
above the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow
point using the following equation:
EP20DE21.035</GPH>
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at
reduced speeds of the circulator pump
(hp);
wi_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = driver power input at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator pump at
each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section III.B.2 of this
appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, and
75 percent of the flow at BEP and
reduced speed.
72143
72144
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 / Proposed Rules
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating.
Determine the CER of each tested circulator
pump using the following equation:
CER =
L w/Pin,D
i
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating.
Determine the CER of each tested circulator
pump using the following equation:
CER
=
L w/Pin,i)
i
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
wi = 0.25;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point
i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of BEP flow.
[FR Doc. 2021–25414 Filed 12–17–21; 8:45 am]
EP20DE21.041</GPH>
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:33 Dec 17, 2021
Jkt 256001
PO 00000
Frm 00050
Fmt 4701
Sfmt 9990
E:\FR\FM\20DEP2.SGM
20DEP2
EP20DE21.040</GPH>
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
wi = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at
test points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent
of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point
i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of BEP flow.
VI. Testing and Calculation of CER for
Circulator Pumps Without External Input
Signal, Manual, Pressure, or Temperature
Controls (Full Speed Test)
A. Scope.
A.1 This section VI applies only to
circulator pumps sold without external input
signal, manual, pressure, or temperature
controls, or to any conduct of a full speed
test.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver
power input. At maximum speed of rotation,
determine the driver power input at 25, 50,
75, and 100 percent of the measured BEP
flow rate (as determined according to section
I.E.2 of this appendix) of the tested circulator
pump in accordance with Appendix E of HI
40.6–2021.
]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 241 (Monday, December 20, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72096-72144]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-25414]
[[Page 72095]]
Vol. 86
Monday,
No. 241
December 20, 2021
Part IV
Department of Energy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Circulator Pumps;
Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 86 , No. 241 / Monday, December 20, 2021 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 72096]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Parts 429 and 431
[EERE-2016-BT-TP-0033]
RIN 1904-AD77
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Circulator Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') proposes to establish
definitions, a test procedure, sampling and rating requirements, and
enforcement provisions for circulator pumps. Currently, circulator
pumps are not subject to DOE test procedures or energy conservation
standards. DOE proposes a test procedure for measuring the circulator
energy index for circulator pumps. The proposed test method references
the relevant industry test standard. The proposed definitions and test
procedures are based on the recommendations of the Circulator Pump
Working Group, which was established under the Appliance Standards
Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee. DOE is seeking comment from
interested parties on the proposal.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposal no later than February 18, 2022. See section V ``Public
Participation,'' for details. DOE will hold a webinar on Wednesday,
February 2, 2022, from 12:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. See section V, ``Public
Participation,'' for webinar registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the capabilities available to
webinar participants. If no participants register for the webinar, it
will be cancelled.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons
may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0033,
by any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
2. Email: to [email protected]. Include docket
number EERE-2016-BT-TP-0033 in the subject line of the message.
No telefacsimiles (``faxes'') will be accepted. For detailed
instructions on submitting comments and additional information on this
process, see section V of this document.
Although DOE has routinely accepted public comment submissions
through a variety of mechanisms, including the Federal eRulemaking
Portal, email, postal mail, or hand delivery/courier, the Department
has found it necessary to make temporary modifications to the comment
submission process in light of the ongoing coronavirus 2019 (``COVID-
19'') pandemic. DOE is currently suspending receipt of public comments
via postal mail and hand delivery/courier. If a commenter finds that
this change poses an undue hardship, please contact Appliance Standards
Program staff at (202) 586-1445 to discuss the need for alternative
arrangements. Once the COVID-19 pandemic health emergency is resolved,
DOE anticipates resuming all of its regular options for public comment
submission, including postal mail and hand delivery/courier.
Docket: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts (if a public meeting is held),
comments, and other supporting documents/materials, is available for
review at www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed
in the www.regulations.gov index. However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
The docket web page can be found at www.regulations.gov/docket/EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004. The docket web page contains instructions on how
to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. See
section V for information on how to submit comments through
www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-9870. Email: [email protected].
Ms. Amelia Whiting, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC,
20585-0121. Telephone: 202-586-2588. Email: [email protected].
For further information on how to submit a comment, review other
public comments and the docket, or participate in the public meeting,
contact the Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202)
287-1445 or by email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the
following industry standard into part 431:
Hydraulic Institute (``HI'') 40.6-2021, (``HI 40.6-2021'')
``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing''.
Copies of HI 40.6-2021 can be obtained from: the Hydraulic
Institute at 6 Campus Drive, First Floor North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-
4406, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting: www.Pumps.org.
For a further discussion of this standard, see section IV.M. of
this document.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. General Comments
B. Scope and Definitions
1. CPWG Recommendations
2. Definition of Circulator Pump
3. Definition of Circulator Pump Varieties
4. Definition of Circulator-Less-Volute and Header Pump
5. Definition of On-Demand Circulator Pumps
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
7. Basic Model
C. Rating Metric
D. Test Methods for Different Circulator Pump Categories and
Control Varieties
1. Definitions Related to Circulator Pump Control Varieties
2. Reference System Curve
3. Pressure Control
4. Temperature Control
5. Manual Speed Control
6. External Input Signal Control
7. No Controls
E. Determination of Circulator Pump Performance
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2021
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2021
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain Sections of HI
40.6-2021
b. Testing Twin Head Circulator Pumps and Circulators-Less-
Volute
c. Determination of Circulator Pump Driver Power Input at
Specified Flow Rates
d. Calculation and Rounding Modifications and Additions
3. Rated Hydraulic Horsepower
F. Sampling Plan and Enforcement Provisions for Circulator Pumps
1. Sampling Plan
2. Enforcement Provisions
G. Representations of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency
H. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
a. Estimated Capital Costs for Testing Circulator Pumps
[[Page 72097]]
b. Between Estimated Labor Costs for Testing Circulator Pumps
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
I. Compliance Date
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
1. Description of Why Action Is Being Considered
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
5. Duplication Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and
Regulations
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Materials Incorporated by Reference
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of the Webinar
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
I. Authority and Background
Pumps are included in the list of ``covered equipment'' for which
DOE is authorized to establish test procedures and energy conservation
standards. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) Circulator pumps, which are the
subject of this notice of proposed rulemaking (``NOPR''), are a
category of pumps. Circulator pumps generally are designed to circulate
water in commercial and residential applications. Circulator pumps do
not include dedicated-purpose pool pumps, for which test procedures and
energy conservation standards are established in title 10 of the Code
of Federal Regulations (``CFR'') part 431 subpart Y. Currently,
circulator pumps are not subject to DOE test procedures or energy
conservation standards. The following sections discuss DOE's authority
to establish test procedures for circulator pumps and relevant
background information regarding DOE's consideration of test procedures
for this equipment.
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''),\1\
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a number of
consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6291-
6317) Title III, Part C \2\ of EPCA, added by Public Law 95-619, Title
IV, section 441(a) (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317 as codified), established the
Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial Equipment, which
sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy
efficiency. This equipment includes pumps, the subject of this
document. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-260 (Dec.
27, 2020).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316).
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)). Similarly, DOE must
use these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies
with relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a) and 42 U.S.C. 6316(b); 42 U.S.C. 6297) DOE may, however,
grant waivers of Federal preemption for particular State laws or
regulations, in accordance with the procedures and other provisions of
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(b)(2)(D))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a given type of covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and requires that test procedures not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
Before prescribing any final test procedures, the Secretary must
publish proposed test procedures in the Federal Register and afford
interested persons an opportunity (of not less than 45 days' duration)
to present oral and written data, views, and arguments on the proposed
test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))
DOE is publishing this NOPR in accordance with the statutory
authority in EPCA.
B. Background
As stated, EPCA includes ``pumps'' among the industrial equipment
listed as ``covered equipment'' for the purpose of Part A-1, although
EPCA does not define the term ``pump.'' (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A)) In a
final rule published January 25, 2016, DOE established a definition for
``pump,'' associated definitions, and test procedures for certain
pumps. 81 FR 4086 (``January 2016 TP final rule''). ``Pump'' is defined
as equipment designed to move liquids (which may include entrained
gases, free solids, and totally dissolved solids) by physical or
mechanical action and includes a bare pump and, if included by the
manufacturer at the time of sale, mechanical equipment, driver, and
controls. 10 CFR 431.462. Circulator pumps fall within the scope of
this definition.
While DOE has defined ``pump'' broadly, the test procedure
established in the January 2016 TP final rule is applicable only to
certain categories of clean water pumps,\3\ specifically those that are
end suction close-coupled; end suction frame mounted/own bearings; in-
line (``IL''); radially split, multi-stage, vertical, in-line diffuser
casing; and submersible turbine (``ST'') pumps with the following
characteristics:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ A ``clean water pump'' is a pump that is designed for use in
pumping water with a maximum non-absorbent free solid content of
0.016 pounds per cubic foot, and with a maximum dissolved solid
content of 3.1 pounds per cubic foot, provided that the total gas
content of the water does not exceed the saturation volume, and
disregarding any additives necessary to prevent the water from
freezing at a minimum of 14 [deg]F. 10 CFR 431.462.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
25 gallons per minute (``gpm'') and greater (at best
efficiency point (``BEP'') at full impeller diameter);
[[Page 72098]]
459 feet of head maximum (at BEP at full impeller diameter
and the number of stages specified for testing);
design temperature range from 14 to 248 [deg]F;
designed to operate with either (1) a 2- or 4-pole
induction motor, or (2) a non-induction motor with a speed of rotation
operating range that includes speeds of rotation between 2,880 and
4,320 revolutions per minute (``rpm'') and/or 1,440 and 2,160 rpm, and
in either case, the driver and impeller must rotate at the same speed;
6-inch or smaller bowl diameter for ST pumps;
A specific speed less than or equal to 5,000 for ESCC and
ESFM pumps;
Except for: Fire pumps, self-priming pumps, prime-assist
pumps, magnet driven pumps, pumps designed to be used in a nuclear
facility subject to 10 CFR part 50, ``Domestic Licensing of Production
and Utilization Facilities''; and pumps meeting the design and
construction requirements set forth in any relevant military
specifications. \4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ E.g., MIL-P-17639F, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Miscellaneous
Service, Naval Shipboard Use'' (as amended); MIL-P-17881D, ``Pumps,
Centrifugal, Boiler Feed, (Multi-Stage)'' (as amended); MIL-P-
17840C, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Close-Coupled, Navy Standard (For
Surface Ship Application)'' (as amended); MIL-P-18682D, ``Pump,
Centrifugal, Main Condenser Circulating, Naval Shipboard'' (as
amended); and MIL-P-18472G, ``Pumps, Centrifugal, Condensate, Feed
Booster, Waste Heat Boiler, And Distilling Plant'' (as amended).
Military specifications and standards are available at https://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS.
10 CFR 431.464(a)(1). The pump categories subject to the current test
procedures are referred to as ``general pumps'' in this document. As
stated, circulator pumps are not general pumps.
DOE also published a final rule establishing energy conservation
standards applicable to certain classes of general pumps. 81 FR 4368
(Jan. 26, 2016) (``January 2016 ECS final rule''); see also, 10 CFR
431.465.
The January 2016 TP final rule and the January 2016 ECS final rule
implemented the recommendations of the Commercial and Industrial Pump
Working Group (``CIPWG'') established through the Appliance Standards
Rulemaking Federal Advisory Committee (``ASRAC'') to negotiate
standards and a test procedure for general pumps. (Docket No. EERE-
2013-BT-NOC-0039) The CIPWG approved a term sheet containing
recommendations to DOE on appropriate standard levels for general
pumps, as well as recommendations addressing issues related to the
metric and test procedure for general pumps (``CIPWG
recommendations''). (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0039, No. 92)
Subsequently, ASRAC approved the CIPWG recommendations. The CIPWG
recommendations included initiation of a separate rulemaking for
circulator pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-NOC-0039, No. 92,
Recommendation #5A at p. 2)
On February 3, 2016, DOE issued a notice of intent to establish the
circulator pumps working group to negotiate a notice of proposed
rulemaking (``NOPR'') for energy conservation standards for circulator
pumps to negotiate, if possible, Federal standards and a test procedure
for circulator pumps and to announce the first public meeting. 81 FR
5658. The members of the Circulator Pump Working Group (``CPWG'') were
selected to ensure a broad and balanced array of interested parties and
expertise, including representatives from efficiency advocacy
organizations and manufacturers. Additionally, one member from ASRAC
and one DOE representative were part of the CPWG. Table I.1 lists the
15 members of the CPWG and their affiliations.
Table I.1--ASRAC Circulator Pump Working Group Members and Affiliations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Member Affiliation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charles White........................... Plumbing-Heating-Cooling
Contractors Association.
Gabor Lechner........................... Armstrong Pumps, Inc.
Gary Fernstrom.......................... California Investor-Owned
Utilities.
Joanna Mauer............................ Appliance Standards Awareness
Project.
Joe Hagerman............................ U.S. Department of Energy.
Laura Petrillo-Groh..................... Air-Conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute.
Lauren Urbanek.......................... Natural Resources Defense
Council.
Mark Chaffee............................ TACO, Inc.
Mark Handzel............................ Xylem Inc.
Peter Gaydon............................ Hydraulic Institute.
Richard Gussert......................... Grundfos Americas Corporation.
David Bortolon.......................... Wilo Inc.
Russell Pate............................ Rheem Manufacturing Company.
Don Lanser.............................. Nidec Motor Corporation.
Tom Eckman.............................. Northwest Power and
Conservation Council (ASRAC
member).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CPWG commenced negotiations at an open meeting on March 29,
2016, and held six additional meetings to discuss scope, metrics, and
the test procedure. The CPWG concluded its negotiations for test
procedure topics on September 7, 2016, with a consensus vote to approve
a term sheet containing recommendations to DOE on scope, definitions,
metric, and the basis of the test procedure (``September 2016 CPWG
Recommendations''). The September 2016 CPWG Recommendations are
available in the CPWG docket. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No.
58)
The CPWG continued to meet to address potential energy conservation
standards for circulator pumps. Those meetings began on November 3-4,
2016 and concluded on November 30, 2016, with approval of a second term
sheet (``November 2016 CPWG Recommendations'') containing CPWG
recommendations related to energy conservation standards, applicable
test procedure, labeling and certification requirements for circulator
pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 98) ASRAC subsequently
voted unanimously to approve the September and November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations during a December meeting. (Docket No. EERE-2013-BT-
NOC-0005, No. 91 at p. 2) \5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ All references in this document to the approved
recommendations included in 2016 Term Sheets are noted with the
recommendation number and a citation to the appropriate document in
the CPWG docket (e.g., Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. #,
Recommendation #X at p. Y). References to discussions or suggestions
of the CPWG not found in the 2016 Term Sheets include a citation to
meeting transcripts and the commenter, if applicable (e.g., Docket
No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, [Organization], No. X at p. Y).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In a letter dated June 9, 2017, Hydraulic Institute (``HI'')
expressed its support for the process that DOE initiated regarding
circulator pumps and encouraged the publishing of a NOPR and a final
rule by the end of 2017. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, HI, No.103
at p. 1) In response to an early assessment review RFI published
September 28, 2020 regarding the existing test procedures for general
pumps (85 FR 60734, ``September 2020 Early Assessment RFI''), HI
commented that it continues to support the recommendations from the
CPWG. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, HI, No. 6 at p. 1) NEEA also
referenced the September 2016 CPWG Recommendations and recommended that
DOE adopt test procedures for circulator pumps in the pumps rulemaking
or a separate rulemaking. (Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, NEEA, No. 8
at p. 8)
On May 7, 2021, DOE published a request for information related to
test procedures and energy conservation standards for circulator pumps
and small vertical in-line pumps. 86 FR 24516 (``May 2021 RFI''). DOE
received a number of comments in response to the May 2021 RFI. Table
I.2 lists the commenters along with each commenter's abbreviated name
used throughout this NOPR. Discussion of the
[[Page 72099]]
relevant comments, and DOE's responses, are provided in the appropriate
sections of this document. A parenthetical reference at the end of a
comment quotation or paraphrase provides the location of the item in
the public record. \6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ The parenthetical reference provides a reference for
information located in the docket of DOE's rulemaking to develop
test procedures for circulator pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, which is maintained at www.regulations.gov). The references
are arranged as follows: (commenter name, comment docket ID number,
page of that document).
Table I.2--Written Comments Received in Response to May 2021 RFI
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference in this
Commenter(s) NOPR Commenter type
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydraulic Institute.............. HI................ Trade
Association.
People's Republic of China....... China............. Country.
Grundfos Americas Corporation.... Grundfos.......... Manufacturer.
Appliance Standards Awareness Advocates......... Efficiency
Project, American Council for an Organization.
Energy-Efficient Economy,
Natural Resources Defense
Council.
Northwest Energy Efficiency NEEA.............. Efficiency
Alliance. Organization.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, CA IOUs........... Utility.
San Diego Gas and Electric, and
Southern California Edison;
collectively, the California
Investor-Owned Utilities.
Anonymous Commenter.............. N/A............... Anonymous \7\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The comments in response to the RFI expressed support for
considering small vertical in-line pumps in the commercial and
industrial pumps rulemaking rather than in the circulator pump
rulemaking. (HI, No. 112 at p. 3; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 2; CA IOUs,
No. 116 at p. 6; NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4). As such, the scope of this
NOPR is limited to circulator pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ The Anonymous comment did not substantively address the
subject of this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to establish in subpart Y to 10 CFR part
431 a test procedure that includes methods to (1) measure the
performance of the covered equipment and (2) use the measured results
to calculate a circulator energy index (``CEI'') to represent the
weighted average electric input power to the driver over a specified
load profile, normalized with respect to a circulator pump serving the
same hydraulic load that has a specified minimum performance level.\8\
The proposed test procedure and metric are similar in concept to the
test procedure and metric established in subpart Y to 10 CFR part 431
for general pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ The performance of a comparable pump that has a specified
minimum performance level is referred to as the circulator energy
rating (``CER'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE's proposed test method for circulator pumps includes
measurements of head, flow rate, and driver power input, all of which
are required to calculate CEI, as well as other quantities to
characterize the rated circulator pump performance (e.g., pump power
output (hydraulic horsepower), speed, wire-to-water efficiency). For
consistent and uniform measurement of these values, DOE proposes to
incorporate the test methods established in HI 40.6-2021, ``Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' with certain exceptions. DOE
reviewed the relevant sections of HI 40.6-2021 and determined that HI
40.6-2021, in conjunction with the additional test methods and
calculations proposed in this test procedure, would produce test
results that reflect the energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated
operating costs of a circulator pump during a representative average
use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE also reviewed the burdens
associated with conducting the proposed circulator pump test procedure,
including HI 40.6-2021, and, based on the results of such analysis,
found that the proposed test procedure would not be unduly burdensome
to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) DOE's analysis of the burdens
associated with the proposed test procedure is presented in section
III.H.1 of this document.
DOE also considered HI 41.5-2021, ``Hydraulic Institute Program
Guideline for Circulator Pump Energy Rating Program,'' which defines
the requirements to participate in and list circulator pumps in the
Hydraulic Institute Energy Rating Program and which references HI 40.6-
2021 while providing additional instructions for testing circulator
pumps to determine an Energy Rating value. In response to the May 2021
RFI, HI recommended that DOE incorporate by reference HI 41.5 as the
test procedure. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2) DOE has tentatively determined
not to directly incorporate HI 41.5-2021. Unlike HI 40.6-2021, which is
an industry test standard, HI 41.5-2021 is a guideline for
participation in an industry program, and includes many provisions not
relevant to DOE. DOE has preliminarily determined that its proposed
test methods and calculations that supplement the proposed
incorporation by reference of HI 40.6-2021, as discussed in sections
III.D and III.E.2.c, are consistent with HI 41.5-2021.
This NOPR also proposes requirements regarding the sampling plan
and representations for circulator pumps at subpart B of part 429 of
Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The sampling plan
requirements are similar to those established for general pumps. DOE
also proposes provisions regarding allowable representations of energy
consumption, energy efficiency, and other relevant metrics
manufacturers may make regarding circulator pump performance (as
discussed in section III.G of this document).
Were the proposed test procedure and associated provisions made
final, manufacturers would not be required to test according to the DOE
test procedure until such time as compliance is required with energy
conservation standards for circulator pumps, should DOE establish such
standards. Were DOE to establish test procedures as proposed,
manufacturers choosing to make voluntary representations would be
required to test the subject pump according to the established test
procedure, and any such representations would have to fairly disclose
the results of such testing.
III. Discussion
In this TP NOPR, DOE proposes to establish in subpart Y of part 431
test procedures and related definitions for circulator pumps, amend 10
CFR 429.59 to establish sampling plans for this equipment, and
establish enforcement provisions for this equipment in 10 CFR 429.110
and 10 CFR 429.134. The
[[Page 72100]]
proposed amendments are summarized in Table III.1.
Table III.1--Summary of Proposals in This TP NOPR, Their Location Within the Code of Federal Regulations, and
the Applicable Preamble Discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable preamble
Topic Location in CFR Summary of proposals discussion
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Definitions........................ 10 CFR 431.462........ Define circulator pump as Sections III.B.2,
well as varieties of III.B.3, III.B.4,
circulator pumps and III.B.5, III.B.7,
circulator pump controls. III.AIII.D.1.
Test Procedure..................... 10 CFR 431.464 & Establish CEI as the metric Sections III.C, III.D,
Appendix D. for circulator pumps, and III.E.
incorporate by reference
HI 40.6-2021, and provide
additional instructions
for determining the CEI
(and other applicable
performance
characteristics) for
circulator pumps.
Sampling Plan...................... 10 CFR 429.59......... Specify the minimum number Section III.F.
of circulator pumps to be
tested to rate a basic
model and determination of
representative values.
Enforcement Provisions............. 10 CFR 429.110 & 10 Establish a method for Section III.F.
CFR 429.134. determining compliance of
circulator pump basic
models.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following sections discuss DOE's specific proposals regarding
circulator pumps. Section III.B presents DOE's proposals related to
definitions for categorizing and testing of circulator pumps. Sections
III.C, III.D, III.E, and III.F discuss the proposed metric, test
procedure, and certification and enforcement provisions for tested
circulator pump models. Section III.G discusses representations of
energy use and energy efficiency for circulator pumps.
A. General Comments
In response to the May 2021 RFI, the Advocates urged DOE to adopt
test procedures for circulator pumps based on the September and
November 2016 CPWG Recommendations. (Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1)
Grundfos supported the regulation of circulator products. (Grundfos,
No. 113 at p. 1) The CA IOUs stated that other than the test procedure
update to HI 41.5-2021 (discussed in section III.E.1 of this NOPR),
they supported the adoption of the September and November 2016 CPWG
Recommendations, including the provisions for circulator pump
definitions, control type definitions, reference curve, weighting
points, and the definition of CEI. (CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5) NEEA
supported the September and November 2016 CPWG Recommendations with a
few minor modifications based on additional information or lessons
learned from years of experience implementing its circulator pump
energy efficiency program. (NEEA, No. 115 at p.2) NEEA also commented
that it has been working with HI and manufacturers to test and rate
circulator pumps using HI's voluntary rating standard developed based
on the CPWG term sheet. (Id.)
B. Scope and Definitions
As discussed, in the January 2016 TP final rule, DOE adopted a
definition for ``pump,'' as well as definitions for other pump
component- and configuration-related definitions. 81 FR 4086, 4090-94
(Jan. 25, 2016); see also 10 CFR 431.462. DOE recognized circulator
pumps as a category of pumps, but DOE did not define ``circulator
pump''. 81 FR 4086, 4097.
In this NOPR, DOE is proposing a definition of circulator pump,
associated definitions for categories of circulator pumps, as well as
related definitions for control varieties of circulator pumps (see
sections III.B.2, III.B.4, III.B.5 and III.D.1 of this NOPR). These
definitions are necessary to establish the scope of applicability of
the proposed circulator pump test procedure. The scope of the proposed
test procedure is discussed in section III.B.6 of this document.
1. CPWG Recommendations
As discussed in the May 2021 RFI, the September 2016 Circulator
Pump Recommendations addressed the scope of a circulator pumps
rulemaking. Specifically, the CPWG recommended that the scope of a
circulator pumps test procedure and energy conservation standards cover
clean water pumps (as defined at 10 CFR 431.462) distributed in
commerce with or without a volute \9\ and that are one of the following
categories: Wet rotor circulator pumps, dry rotor close-coupled
circulator pumps, and dry rotor mechanically-coupled circulator pumps.
The CPWG also recommended that the scope exclude submersible pumps and
header pumps. 86 FR 24516, 24520; (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 58, Recommendations #1A, 2A and 2B at p. 1-2) The CPWG also
recommended the following definitions relevant to scope:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Volutes are also sometimes referred to as a ``housing'' or
``casing.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wet rotor circulator pump means a single stage, rotodynamic, close-
coupled, wet rotor pump. Examples include, but are not limited to,
pumps generally referred to in industry as CP1.
Dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump means a single stage,
rotodynamic, single-axis flow, close-coupled, dry rotor pump that:
(1) Has a hydraulic power less than or equal to five horsepower at
best efficiency point at full impeller diameter,
(2) is distributed in commerce with a horizontal motor, and
(3) discharges the pumped liquid through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft. Examples include, but are not limited to,
pumps generally referred to in industry as CP2.
Dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump means a single stage,
rotodynamic, single-axis flow, mechanically-coupled, dry rotor pump
that:
(1) Has a hydraulic power less than or equal to five horsepower at
best efficiency point at full impeller diameter,
(2) is distributed in commerce with a horizontal motor, and
(3) discharges the pumped liquid through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft. Examples include, but are not limited to,
pumps generally referred to in industry as CP3.
Horizontal motor means a motor that requires the motor shaft to be
in a horizontal position to function as designed under typical
operating conditions, as specified in manufacturer literature.
[[Page 72101]]
Submersible pump means a pump that is designed to be operated with
the motor and bare pump fully submerged in the pumped liquid.
Header pump means a pump that consists of a circulator-less-volute
intended to be installed in an original equipment manufacturer
(``OEM'') piece of equipment that serves as the volute. (Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58, Recommendations #2B, 3A, and 3B at p. 2-
3); 86 FR 24516, 24520.
DOE notes that generally these definitions rely on terms previously
defined in the January 2016 TP final rule, including ``close-coupled
pump,'' ``mechanically-coupled pump,'' ``dry rotor pump,'' ``single
axis flow pump,'' and ``rotodynamic pump.'' 81 FR 4086, 4146-4147; 10
CFR 431.462. In addition, the recommended definition for submersible
pump is the same as that already defined in a 2017 test procedure final
rule for dedicated-purpose pool pumps (``August 2017 DPPP TP final
rule''). 82 FR 36858, 36922 (August 7, 2017);10 CFR 431.462.
DOE discusses the proposed definitions of wet rotor circulator
pump; dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump; dry rotor, three-piece
circulator pump; and horizontal motor in section III.B.3, header pump
in section III.B.4, and submersible pump in section III.B.6 of this
NOPR.
2. Definition of Circulator Pump
Circulator pumps are a subset of small, IL pumps that are designed
to provide a small amount of head to overcome pipe friction losses in a
water circulation system for hydronic heating or cooling and potable
hot water recirculation. During the CPWG meetings, the CPWG discussed
the applications and utilities that circulator pumps serve and the
distinctions in the designs of circulator pump varieties.
In defining circulator pump, the CPWG reviewed the descriptions
established in the standard American National Standards Institute
(``ANSI'')/HI 1.1-1.2-2014 standard (``ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014''),
``Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pumps for Nomenclature and Definitions.''
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 64 at pp.41-43) Section
1.1.3.3.5 of ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014 characterizes circulator pumps based
on the following four unique features: (1) Rotating assemblies that
must be horizontally mounted; (2) being fully supported in-line by the
system piping; (3) utilizing special-purpose motors unique to this pump
type; and (4) having a motor shaft power that does not exceed 3.75
kilowatts (``kW'') (5 horsepower (``hp'')).
Sections 1.1.3.3.5.1-2 of ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014 provide definitions
for three unique types of circulator pumps. These three unique
circulator pump varieties are based on two main characteristics: (1)
Whether the motor is isolated from or immersed in the pumped liquid,
and (2) how the impeller and motor are connected. Regarding the first
characteristic, a circulator pump may be wet rotor, meaning that the
motor rotor is immersed in the pumped liquid during operation; or dry
rotor, meaning that the pump is not immersed in the pumped liquid. Dry
rotor pumps typically include a mechanical seal that isolates the motor
rotor from the pumped liquid.
The second characteristic, which pertains to how the impeller and
motor are connected, further subdivides wet rotor and dry rotor
circulator pumps into close-coupled or mechanically-coupled varieties.
A close-coupled pump has a motor and impeller that share a common
shaft, while a mechanically-coupled pump features an impeller that has
its own shaft that is connected by mechanical means to the motor shaft.
Based on these differentiating features, Sections 1.1.3.3.5.1-2 of
ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014 defines the following circulator pump varieties:
Close-coupled circulator pumps (CP1 and CP2)--Close-
coupled circulator pumps may have driver elements that are immersed in
the pumped fluid (CP1) or isolated by a mechanical seal (CP2). The
rotating assembly shares a common shaft; the bearing(s) of the rotating
assembly absorb all pump hydraulic loads (axial and radial). The driver
is aligned and assembled directly to the pump unit with machined fits.
Flexibly-coupled circulator pumps (CP3)--In flexibly-
coupledcirculator pumps, the pump has a shaft supported by its own
bearings that absorb all pump hydraulic loads (axial and radial). The
driver is aligned and assembled directly to the pump unit with machined
fits, typically with a resilient mount to damped vibration. The pump
and driver shafts are flexibly coupled via flexible element drive
couplings.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ ``Flexibly-coupled'' is a more specific use of the term
``mechanically-coupled''. Consistent with 10 CFR 431.462 and CPWG
recommendations, DOE uses the term ``mechanically-coupled''
throughout the remainder of this notice.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Consistent with the ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014 classification, the CPWG
discussed defining three varieties of circulator pumps: (1) Wet rotor
circulator pumps, (2) dry rotor close-coupled circulator pumps, and (3)
dry rotor mechanically-coupled circulator pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2016-
BT-STD-0004, No. 64 at pp.41-43)
The specific definitions for wet rotor circulator pumps and dry
rotor circulator pumps are discussed in the following sections.
The CPWG also discussed the applicability of the recommended test
procedure and standards to circulator pumps distributed in commerce
without a volute. As discussed in more detail in section III.B.4, the
CPWG discussed how some circulator pumps are distributed in commerce
without a volute, either as a replacement for an existing circulator
pump that has failed or to be newly installed with a paired volute in
the field. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 74 at pp. 383-407).
In section III.E.2.b, DOE proposes specific instructions regarding how
to test a ``circulator-less-volute.''
To specify that the recommended circulator pump test procedure and
standards are intended to apply to circulator pumps, with or without a
volute, the CPWG recommended adding such language to the recommended
circulator pump definition. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 66
at pp. 156-164). The CPWG also recommended to define circulator pump as
being comprised of the following pump categories distributed in
commerce with or without a volute: Wet rotor circulator pumps, dry
rotor close-coupled circulator pumps, and dry rotor mechanically-
coupled circulator pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #1A at p. 1)
DOE notes that the terminology in the CPWG recommended definition
for circulator pump does not match the terminology in the CPWG
recommended definitions for the circulator pump categories.
Specifically, the recommended circulator pump definition includes ``dry
rotor close-coupled circulator pumps'' and ``dry rotor mechanically-
coupled circulator pumps,'' while the recommended defined terms are
``dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump'' and ``dry rotor, three-piece
circulator pumps.'' (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #1A, 3A, and 3B at pp. 1-3) Those defined terms
reference close-coupling and mechanical-coupling, respectively. DOE
notes that HI 41.5-2021 defines circulator pump in section 41.5.1.5.1
as a wet rotor circulator pump (CP1); a dry rotor, two-piece circulator
pump (CP2); or a dry rotor three-piece circulator pump (CP3). Based on
their use in the industry test procedure, DOE understands that ``two-
piece'' and ``three-piece'' are the preferred industry terms over the
terms ``close-coupled'' and ``mechanically-
[[Page 72102]]
coupled,'' and has proposed the use of the industry terms.
DOE is proposing a definition of circulator pump at 10 CFR 431.462
consistent with the definition recommended by the CPWG. Specifically,
DOE proposes the following definition for circulator pump:
Circulator pump is a pump that is either a wet rotor circulator
pump; a dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump; or a dry rotor, three-
piece circulator pump. A circulator pump may be distributed in commerce
with or without a volute.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for circulator
pump.
The definitions of the pump categories that comprise the scope of
``circulator pump'' are addressed in the following section. In response
to the May 2021 RFI, China asserted that the range and definition of
circulator pumps is not clear and that schematic diagrams should be
provided for each product on the basis of their text description.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3) DOE believes that the proposed definition of
circulator pump, in combination with the proposed definitions of the
three primary kinds of circulator pumps in the following section,
sufficiently address the range of circulator pumps, and that schematic
diagrams would not provide additional benefit.
3. Definition of Circulator Pump Varieties
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on the CPWG's
recommended definitions for wet rotor circulator pump; dry rotor, two-
piece circulator pump; dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump; and
horizontal motor, including whether any changes in the market since the
CPWG's recommendations would affect the recommended definitions and
scope. 86 FR 24516, 24520-24521.
HI, Grundfos, and the CA IOUs generally agreed with the CPWG's
recommended definitions for these varieties of circulator pumps. (HI,
No. 112 at p. 2; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 1; CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5)
Other comments expressed support for the CPWG recommendations
generally, as discussed in section III.A of this document.
As discussed previously, the CPWG recommended definitions for wet
rotor circulator pump; dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump; and dry
rotor, three-piece circulator pump were based on review of the
descriptions of circulator pump categories established in the standard
ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014. DOE notes that the updated version of this
industry standard, ANSI/HI 14.1-14.2-2019, ``Rotodynamic Pumps for
Nomenclature and Definitions,'' has revised the descriptions of
circulator pump categories to be identical to the CPWG recommended
definitions, and section 41.5.1.5.1 of HI 41.5-2021 also includes
definitions identical to the CPWG recommended definitions. DOE has
reviewed the CPWG recommended definitions and has tentatively
determined that these definitions appropriately distinguish the
varieties of circulator pumps available on the market and as originally
described in the industry standard ANSI/HI 1.1-1.2-2014.
Based on the discussion in the prior paragraphs, DOE proposes to
adopt definitions for wet rotor circulator pump; dry rotor, two-piece
circulator pump; and dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump at 10 CFR
431.462 as recommended by the CPWG and supported by stakeholder
comments.
DOE currently defines a ``horizontal motor'' as a motor that
requires the motor shaft to be in a horizontal position to function as
designed, as specified in the manufacturer literature. 10 CFR 431.462.
The definition of ``horizontal motor'' is used in 10 CFR 431.462 to
exclude certain pumps from the IL pump category.\11\ The definition of
``horizontal motor'' recommended by the CPWG includes the additional
phrase ``under typical operating conditions'' to qualify ``function as
designed.'' The CPWG discussed that this qualifier was added to address
the potential that a motor would not be covered as a horizontal motor
if a manufacturer were to advertise its circulator pump as being able
to be installed in a non-horizontal orientation under certain
conditions, such as high operating pressure (i.e., conditions other
than typical conditions). (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 64 at
pp. 75-83) The CPWG discussed that the requirement to consider motor
installation in the context of typical operating conditions, as
specified in the manufacturer literature, would address this potential.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 66 at pp. 55-57) 86 FR 24516,
24520. DOE did not receive any comments on the definition of horizontal
motor in response to the May 2021 RFI.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ The definition of IL pumps includes the following sentence:
``Such pumps do not include pumps that are mechanically coupled or
close-coupled, have a pump power output that is less than or equal
to 5 hp at BEP at full impeller diameter, and are distributed in
commerce with a horizontal motor.'' 10 CFR 431.462.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has reviewed the horizontal motor definitions and has
tentatively concluded that the existing definition of horizontal motor
in 10 CFR 431.462 could benefit from additional specificity. However,
DOE does not believe the term ``typical operating conditions''
recommended by the CPWG provides sufficient specificity, as the term
could refer to any conditions specified in the manufacturer's manual.
In order to address the concern that a pump with a horizontal motor
would be considered an IL pump instead of a circulator pump if the
motor must be non-horizontal under non-typical conditions such as high
operating pressure, DOE instead proposes the following definition of
horizontal motor, consistent with the intent of the CPWG:
Horizontal motor means a motor, for which the motor shaft
position when functioning under operating conditions specified in
manufacturer literature, includes a horizontal position.
DOE has tentatively concluded that this proposed update to the
horizontal motor definition would provide additional specificity, but
would not in practice change the pumps currently excluded from the IL
pump definition (and now proposed to be included in the circulator pump
definition) through use of the term.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for horizontal
motor, including whether it meets the intent of the CPWG or whether it
would include other motors not intended to be captured in the
definition.
4. Definition of Circulator-Less-Volute and Header Pump
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE discussed that some circulator pumps are
distributed in commerce as a complete assembly with a motor, impeller,
and volute, while other circulator pumps are distributed in commerce
with a motor and impeller, but without a volute (herein referred to as
``circulators-less-volute''). Some circulators-less-volute are solely
intended to be installed in other equipment, such as a boiler, using a
cast piece in the other piece of equipment as the volute, while others
can be installed as a replacement for a failed circulator pump in an
existing system or newly installed with a paired volute in the field.
86 FR 24516, 24521; (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 47 at pp.
371-372; Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at p. 99) As
discussed in the May 2021 RFI, CPWG asserted that circulator pumps
distributed in commerce without volutes meet the definition of pump,
and that not subjecting such equipment to test procedures and standards
would represent a significant loophole. 86 FR 24516, 24521; (Docket No.
EERE-2016-
[[Page 72103]]
BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 89-91; No. 74 at pp.383-403) The CPWG also
discussed that including circulators-less-volute within the scope of
DOE regulation is consistent with the treatment of circulator pumps
under the European Union's regulations \12\ which applies to circulator
pumps ``with or without housing.'' (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 74 at pp. 373-376)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ See EC No 622/2012; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32012R0622.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As noted in the May 2021 RFI, the CPWG also discussed that
circulators-less-volute that are solely intended to be installed in
other equipment use the other equipment as the volute, and do not have
a matching volute that is separately distributed in commerce and,
therefore, would not pose the same loophole risk. According to the
CPWG, such pumps would also be difficult to test and rate.
Specifically, the CPWG discussed that circulator pump manufacturers
would not have access to or design authority for the volute design. In
addition, the circulator pump could not be tested as a standalone
circulator pump because the volute would be unable to be removed from
the other equipment, and no paired volute would be distributed in
commerce with which the header pump could be tested. According to the
CPWG, such equipment would potentially require extensive and burdensome
equipment to test appropriately. As such, the CPWG recommended
excluding circulator pumps that are distributed in commerce exclusively
to be incorporated into other OEM equipment, such as boilers or pool
heaters. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 74 at pp. 413-416) 86
FR 24516, 24521.
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, the CPWG suggested referring to
circulator-less-volute that are intended solely for installation in
another piece of equipment and do not have a paired volute that is
distributed in commerce as ``header pumps.'' (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-
STD-0004, No. 74 at pp. 384-386). The CPWG recommended defining
``header pump'' as a pump that consists of a circulator-less-volute
intended to be installed in an OEM piece of equipment that serves as
the volute, and to exclude them from the recommended circulator pump
test procedure and standards. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #2B at p. 2); 86 FR 24516, 24521. The CPWG also
recommended that for header pumps distributed in commerce with
regulated equipment, DOE should consider modifying the test procedure
and metric for such regulated equipment during the next round of
applicable rulemakings to account for the energy use of header pumps in
a modified metric. For header pumps distributed in commerce with non-
regulated equipment, the CPWG recommended that DOE should consider test
procedures and standards for such pumps or equipment at a later date.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Non-Binding Recommendation to
the Secretary #2 at p. 10)
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on the definition of
header pump. 86 FR 24516, 24521. HI agreed with the CPWG recommended
definition of ``header pump,'' stating that no substantive changes have
occurred in the market, and that such pumps should be excluded from
regulation. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2) NEEA supported the recommended
definition of ``header pump'' and the recommended exclusion of them,
noting that they are challenging to test. NEEA also commented that DOE
should monitor the market for header pumps and make sure it does not
become a loophole after regulation. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 3) Grundfos
stated that no change to the definition is warranted, but that header
pumps should be regulated in the same way that circulators-less-volute
are regulated; i.e., by requiring a reference volute for testing, as is
required in the EU, in order to avoid creating a loophole. (Grundfos,
No. 113 at p. 1-2). China stated that the test method for header pumps
has not been provided and that DOE should define the test method for
these pumps. (China, No. 111 at p. 3)
DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 does not address either header pumps or
circulators-less-volute. DOE tentatively agrees that a circulator-less-
volute designed solely for use as a component in a separate piece of
equipment should be distinguished from circulators-less-volute
generally for the purpose of the proposed test procedure for the
reasons discussed by the CPWG. As discussed in section III.E.2.b, the
CPWG recommended specific test procedure provisions for circulators-
less-volute that are not designed solely for installation in a separate
piece of equipment (i.e., a header pump). (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, No. 58 Recommendation #12 at p. 2) To provide a distinction
between a circulator-less-volute and a header pump, DOE proposes
additional detail within the definition of header pump recommended by
the CPWG and to add a definition of circulator-less-volute to be
mutually exclusive from the definition of a header pump. These
definitions proposed by DOE are as follows:
Header pump means a circulator pump distributed in commerce
without a volute and for which a paired volute is not distributed in
commerce. Whether a paired volute is distributed in commerce will be
determined based on published data, marketing literature, and other
publicly available information.
Circulator-less-volute means a circulator pump distributed in
commerce without a volute and for which a paired volute is also
distributed in commerce. Whether a paired volute is distributed in
commerce will be determined based on published data, marketing
literature, and other publicly available information.
DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions of header pump and
circulator-less-volute.
DOE acknowledges that EU Regulation No 622/2012 includes provisions
to test circulator pumps integrated in products dismantled from the
product and measured with a reference pump housing, which means ``a
pump housing supplied by the manufacturer with inlet and outlet ports
on the same axis and designed to be connected to the pipework of a
heating system or secondary circuit of a cooling distribution system.''
\13\ As stated previously, the CPWG discussed that there would be no
available paired volutes with which to test a header pump, and as such
testing such pumps would require extensive and potentially burdensome
equipment to test appropriately. In its comments recommending that use
of a reference volute should be required for testing header pumps,
Grundfos has not sufficiently addressed these testing concerns for
header pumps raised by the CPWG. In addition, DOE tentatively concludes
that requiring testing of header pumps using a reference volute may
result in a rating that is not representative of its energy use in the
equipment for which it is designed, and that assessing header pump
energy use within broader equipment categories in which they are
embedded, such as boilers, may be more appropriate. As such, DOE is not
proposing to include header pumps in the scope of this test procedure,
and accordingly is not proposing a test method for header pumps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ European Commission Regulation No 622/2012 of 11 July 2012
amending Regulation (EC) No 641/2009 with regard to ecodesign
requirements for glandless standalone circulators and glandless
circulators integrated in products. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0622. Accessed 2021-09-21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 72104]]
5. Definition of On-Demand Circulator Pumps
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE stated that on-demand circulator pumps are
designed to maintain hot water supply within a temperature range by
activating in response to a signal, such as user presence. The CPWG
recommended a definition for ``on-demand circulator pumps'' to be
incorporated as necessary. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 98
Non-Binding Recommendation #1 at pp. 4-5) 86 FR 24516, 24521.
Discussion during CPWG meetings suggested that the purpose of
recommending a definition for on-demand circulator pumps would be to
allow for the possibility of considering them as a separate equipment
class with a different standard level, while still applying the metric
and test procedure to them. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004-0069, p.
199) The CPWG recommended defintion for ``on-demand circulator pumps''
is as follows:
``On-demand circulator pump'' means a circulator pump that is
distributed in commerce with an integral control that:
Initiates water circulation based on receiving a signal
from the action of a user [of a fixture or appliance] or sensing the
presence of a user of a fixture and cannot initiate water circulation
based on other inputs, such as water temperature or a pre-set schedule.
Automatically terminates water circulation once hot water
has reached the pump or desired fixture.
Does not allow the pump to operate when the temperature in
the pipe exceeds 104 [deg]F or for more than 5 minutes continuously.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 98 Non-Binding
Recommendation #1 at pp. 4-5); 86 FR 24516, 24521.
In addition, the CPWG recommended that an on-demand circulator pump
must not be capable of operating without the control without physically
destructive modification of the unit, such as any modification that
would violate the product's standards listing. (Docket No. EERE-2016-
BT-STD-0004, No. 98 Non-Binding Recommendation #1 at p. 5); 86 FR
24516, 24521.
DOE requested comment regarding the CPWG-recommended definition of
``on-demand circulator pump'' and whether it is appropriate to retain
on-demand circulator pumps within the scope of future analysis. 86 FR
24516, 24521.
HI agreed with the recommended definition of on-demand circulator
pumps and stated that the CPWG intention of defining them was for the
purpose of possible exclusion from standards due to limited run hours.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 3) Grundfos commented that on-demand products should
be regulated as circulator pumps because they are built with standard
circulator pumps that incorporate additional features, and that having
them unregulated would create a loophole allowing less-efficient
induction-based products to remain on the market. (Grundfos, No. 113 at
p. 1-2) NEEA agreed with the recommended definition of on-demand
circulator pumps, but did not agree that they should be treated
separately by DOE regulations. NEEA commented that these pumps can save
energy by reducing run time, and that these savings are not addressed
in the recommended test method. NEEA recommended that in a future
rulemaking, DOE consider the potential energy savings from domestic hot
water run-hour controls and consider providing a ratings credit for
circulator pumps equipped with efficient temperature, on-demand, timer,
or learning run-hour controls. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4).
DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 does not address or refer to on-demand
circulator pumps. The CPWG discussed that on-demand controls do not
reduce the speed of the pump, but rather reduce the hours of use. Pumps
with on-demand controls could also have speed controls, which the
recommended metric would capture. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004-
0069, p. 172-173) In addition, CPWG members discussed that the extent
to which time-based controls are used is unknown (Id. at p. 176), and
that rather than attempting to capture it in the metric, utility
programs could consider prescriptive rebates associated with these
controls. (Id. at p. 178) In addition, CPWG members suggested that
legionella concerns would limit the application of on-demand
controls.\14\ (Id. at p. 195-196)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ As discussed in the transcript, situations where water is
stagnant and the temperature drops can result in growth of
legionella.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE proposes to define on-demand circulator pump at 10 CFR 431.462
as recommended by the CPWG. DOE believes that the recommended added
specification that the on-demand circulator pump must not be capable of
operating without the control without physically destructive
modification of the unit, such as any modification that would violate
the product's standards listing, is already encompassed by the
provision in the recommended definition that the control be
``integral'' and by the definition of ``integral'' in 10 CFR 431.462: a
part of the device that cannot be removed without compromising the
device's function or destroying the physical integrity of the unit.
DOE is not proposing to exclude on-demand circulator pumps from the
scope of the test procedure. At this time, DOE has not considered
developing a credit for these controls, as was suggested in comments.
DOE notes that if on-demand circulator pumps are equipped with other
controls that reduce speed as defined in section III.D.1, they may be
tested according to the relevant test methods rather than using the no
controls test. DOE will consider whether standards are appropriate for
this equipment in a future energy conservation standards rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to include on-demand
circulator pumps within the scope of this test procedure. DOE also
requests data and information that would justify a CEI credit for on-
demand circulator pumps.
6. Applicability of Test Procedure Based on Pump Configuration
In addition to recommending specific definitions, the CPWG also
discussed and provided recommendations pertinent to the scope of
applicability of the recommended circulator pumps test procedure. The
CPWG recommended that the scope of the recommended test procedure would
be limited to wet rotor circulator pumps, dry rotor close-coupled
circulator pumps, and dry rotor mechanically-coupled circulator pumps,
as discussed in section III.B.2. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No.
58, Recommendation #1A, at p. 1) The CPWG also recommended to limit the
scope of the circulator pump rulemaking to clean water pumps only and
to exclude header pumps and submersible pumps. (Docket No. EERE-2016-
BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations #2A and 2B at p. 2)
In the January 2016 TP final rule, DOE established a definition for
``clean water pump.'' 81 FR 4046, 4100 (Jan. 25, 2016). DOE noted that
several common pumps would not meet the definition of clean water
pumps, as they are not designed for pumping clean water, including
wastewater, sump, slurry, or solids handling pumps; pumps designed for
pumping hydrocarbon product fluids; chemical process pumps; and
sanitary pumps. Id. at 4100. The CPWG reviewed this definition and, to
be consistent with the general pumps rulemaking, recommended to limit
the scope of the circulator pump
[[Page 72105]]
rulemaking to clean water pumps only, whereby clean water pump means a
pump that is designed for use in pumping water with a maximum non-
absorbent free solid content of 0.016 pounds per cubic foot (0.25
kilograms per cubic meter), and with a maximum dissolved solid content
of 3.1 pounds per cubic foot (50 kilograms per cubic meter), provided
that the total gas content of the water does not exceed the saturation
volume, and disregarding any additives necessary to prevent the water
from freezing at a minimum of 14 [deg]F (-10 [deg]C), as defined at 10
CFR 431.462. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations
#2A at p. 2) The CPWG discussed how this was important to ensure
certain small, chemical process pumps would be excluded based on the
fact that they are not designed to pump clean water. (Docket No. EERE-
2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 36-42)
DOE did not receive any comments on the May 2021 RFI related to the
CPWG recommendation to limit scope of the circulator pump rulemaking to
clean water pumps. DOE agrees with the CPWG that limiting the scope of
the circulator pump rulemaking to clean water pumps, consistent with
the scope of general pumps in 10 CFR 431.464, is appropriate.
Regulation of chemical process pumps would require many other
considerations beyond that for clean water pumps, and DOE believes that
excluding small chemical process pumps from the scope of regulation
would not create any loophole risks to the clean water circulator pump
market. DOE proposes to apply the existing clean water pump definition
to circulator pumps, thus limiting the scope of applicability of the
proposed circulator pumps test procedure to circulator pumps that meet
the definition of clean water pump.
Regarding the exclusion of submersible pumps, the CPWG discussed a
variety of close-coupled, wet rotor pumps that are typically used for
decorative water features in swimming pools and ponds. (Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 47-63 and No. 47, pp. 523-525) The
CPWG discussed how these decorative water feature pumps might otherwise
meet the definition of a wet rotor circulator pump (see section
III.B.2); however, these pumps are unique from traditional wet rotor
circulator pumps, in that they are submersible pumps and, as such, are
intended to be operated with the entire pump and motor assembly fully
submerged in the pumped liquid. Therefore, the CPWG recommended to
exclude submersible pumps from the scope of applicability of any
circulator pump test procedure and standards. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-
STD-0004, No. 74 at pp. 299-303)
In response to the May 2021 RFI, HI agreed with the scope agreed to
by the CPWG. (HI, No. 112 at p. 3)
DOE agrees with the CPWG that submersible decorative water feature
pumps are similar in design to wet rotor circulator pumps in that they
are wet rotor, rotodynamic pumps, but that they are intended to be
operated with the entire pump and motor assembly fully submerged in the
pumped liquid, which presents additional considerations for any test
procedure and energy conservation standards. Given that these
decorative water feature pumps are submersible, DOE does not believe
that if unregulated they would pose any loophole risk to the clean
water circulator pump market. Therefore, DOE proposes to exclude
submersible pumps from the scope of applicability of the circulator
pump test procedure. DOE notes that the definition of submersible pump
recommended by the CPWG is identical to the definition that currently
exists in 10 CFR 431.462, as adopted in the August 2017 DPPP TP final
rule. 82 FR 36858, 36922. As such, DOE is not proposing amendments to
that definition.
As discussed in section III.B.4, DOE tentatively agrees with the
recommended exclusion of header pumps and tentatively agrees with the
inclusion of circulators-less volute. Also, as discussed in section
III.B.5, DOE proposes to include on-demand circulator pumps within the
scope of this test procedure. In summary, DOE proposes that the test
procedure would be applicable to circulator pumps (as defined in
section III.B.2) that are clean water pumps, including circulators-
less-volute and on-demand circulator pumps, and excluding header pumps
and submersible pumps. The specific test methods proposed for
circulator pumps are discussed in more detail in section III.D of this
document.
DOE requests comment on the proposed scope of applicability of the
circulator pump test procedure to circulator pumps that are clean water
pumps, and the exclusion of header pumps and submersible pumps from the
scope of the proposed test procedure.
7. Basic Model
In the course of regulating consumer products and commercial and
industrial equipment, DOE has developed the concept of a ``basic
model'' to determine the specific product or equipment configuration(s)
to which the regulations would apply. For the purposes of applying the
proposed circulator pump regulations, DOE is also proposing to rely on
the definition of ``basic model'' as currently defined at 10 CFR
431.462. Application of the current definition of ``basic model'' would
allow manufacturers of circulator pumps to group similar models within
a basic model to minimize testing burden, while ensuring that key
variables that differentiate circulator pump energy performance or
utility are maintained as separate basic models. As proposed,
manufacturers would be required to test only a representative number of
units of a basic model in lieu of testing every model they manufacture.
As proposed, individual models of circulator pumps would be permitted
to be grouped under a single basic model so long as all grouped models
have the same representative energy performance, which is
representative of the least efficient or most consumptive unit.
Specifically, for pumps, DOE's existing definition of basic model
is as follows:
Basic model means all units of a given class of pump manufactured
by one manufacturer, having the same primary energy source, and having
essentially identical electrical, physical, and functional (or
hydraulic) characteristics that affect energy consumption, energy
efficiency, water consumption, or water efficiency; and, in addition,
for pumps that are subject to the standards specified in 10 CFR
431.465(b), the following provisions also apply:
(1) All variations in numbers of stages of bare RSV and ST pumps
must be considered a single basic model;
(2) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in impeller
diameter, or impeller trim, may be considered a single basic model; and
(3) Pump models for which the bare pump differs in number of stages
or impeller diameter and which are sold with motors (or motors and
controls) of varying horsepower may only be considered a single basic
model if:
(i) For ESCC, ESFM, IL, and RSV pumps, each motor offered in the
basic model has a nominal full load motor efficiency rated at the
Federal minimum (see the current table for NEMA Design B motors at
Sec. 431.25) or the same number of bands above the Federal minimum
for each respective motor horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to
subpart Y of this part); or
(ii) For ST pumps, each motor offered in the basic model has a
full load motor efficiency at the default nominal full load
submersible motor efficiency shown in Table 2 of appendix A to
subpart Y of this part or the same number of bands above the default
nominal full load submersible motor efficiency for each respective
motor horsepower (see Table 3 of appendix A to subpart Y of this
part).
[[Page 72106]]
10 CFR 431.462
DOE has reviewed this definition and has tentatively determined
that the general definition is appropriate for circulator pumps. DOE
understands that, like dedicated purpose pool pumps, circulator pumps
are exclusively single-stage pumps and, therefore, the provision
regarding variation in number of stages would not be applicable.
Furthermore, DOE understands that, like each dedicated purpose pool
pump motor model, each circulator pump model is offered with only one
impeller diameter, unlike general pumps for which a given pump model
may be sold with many different impeller diameters that are customized
for each application. Therefore, DOE believes that the provision for
grouping individual pumps that vary only in impeller diameter, or
impeller trim, would also not be applicable to circulator pumps; any
variation in impeller trim would constitute a separate basic model for
circulator pumps. Finally, as neither the multistage nor impeller trim
specifications for basic model designation apply to circulator pumps,
the provision regarding variation in motor horsepower resulting from
variation in either of those characteristics would also not apply to
circulator pumps. Therefore, only the general provisions of the basic
model definition would be applicable to circulator pumps and no
additional provisions specific to circulator pumps would be necessary.
DOE requests comment on the proposed applicability of the
definition of ``basic model'' at 10 CFR 431.462 to circulator pumps and
any characteristics unique to circulator pumps that may necessitate
modifications to that definition.
C. Rating Metric
As discussed in the May 2021 RFI, the CPWG focused on defining a
performance-based metric that was similar to the PEI metric established
for the January 2016 TP final rule. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 64 at pp. 246-247) The CPWG recommended using the
PEICIRC metric, which would be defined as the pump energy
rating (``PER'') for the rated circulator pump model
(``PERCIRC''), divided by the PER for a circulator pump that
is minimally compliant with energy conservation standards serving the
same hydraulic load (``PERCIRC,STD''). (Docket No. EERE-
2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58, Recommendation #5 at p. 4); 86 FR 24516,
24522.
The equation for PEICIRC as recommended by the CPWG is
shown in the equation (1):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.000
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating (hp); and
PERCIRC,STD = pump energy rating for a minimally
compliant circulator pump serving the same hydraulic load.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #5 at p.
4); 86 FR 24516, 24522.
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, PERCIRC would be
determined as the weighted average input power to the circulator pump
motor or controls, if available, to a given circulator pump over a
number of specified load points. Due to differences in the various
control varieties available with circulator pumps, the CPWG recommended
that each circulator pump control variety have unique weights and test
points that are used in determining PERCIRC.\15\ (Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations #6A and #6B at pp. 4-6)
86 FR 24516, 24522. The test points, weights, and test methods
necessary for calculating PERCIRC for pressure controls,
temperature controls, manual speed controls, external input signal
controls, and circulator pumps with no control (i.e., without external
input signal, manual, pressure, or temperature control) \16\ are
described in section III.D. 86 FR 24516, 24522.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ In order to determine weighted average input power, input
power must be measured at multiple test points, and each test point
must be weighted. The test points and weights for each test method
are discussed in section III.D.
\16\ In this document, circulator pumps with ``no controls'' are
also inclusive of other potential control varieties that are not one
of the specifically identified circulator pump control varieties.
Any circulator pump without one of the defined control varieties
would be treated as a circulator pump with no controls, regardless
of whether it is a single-speed circulator pump or has a control
variety not defined in this test procedure. See section III.D.7 of
this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As recommended by the CPWG, PERCIRC,STD would be
determined similarly for all circulator pumps, regardless of control
variety. PERCIRC,STD would represent the weighted average
input power to a minimally compliant circulator pump serving the same
hydraulic load. As such, PERCIRC,STD would essentially
define the minimally compliant circulator pump performance, such that
the energy conservation standard level would always be defined as 1.00,
and lower numbers would represent better performance. The CPWG
discussed the derivation of PERCIRC,STD in the Working Group
negotiations and, ultimately, recommended a standard level that is
nominally equivalent to a single-speed circulator pump equipped with an
electrically commutated motor. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No.
102 at pp. 53-56; Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 98
Recommendations #1 and 2A-D at pp. 1-4); 86 FR 24516, 24522.
The CPWG specified a method for determining PERCIRC,STD
with procedures to determine the minimally compliant overall efficiency
at the various test points based on the hydraulic performance of the
rated circulator pump. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 98
Recommendations #1 and 2A-D at pp. 1-4); 86 FR 24516, 24522. As
discussed, PERCIRC,STD would represent the energy efficiency
of a circulator pump that is minimally compliant with the applicable
energy conservation standard, should DOE establish such a standard.
Were DOE to conduct a rulemaking to propose energy conservation
standards for circulator pumps, DOE would discuss in detail the
derivation of PERCIRC,STD, as well as an analysis as
required by EPCA to evaluate any such standard level to determine the
level designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency
that is technologically feasible and economically justified, as
required under EPCA.\17\ DOE notes that the recommended method for
determining PERCIRC,STD relies on the
[[Page 72107]]
hydraulic horsepower of the rated circulator pump. DOE discusses
measurement of this parameter in section III.G.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ For more information on any energy conservation standard
rulemaking for circulator pumps see Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requested comment on the CPWG recommendation to adopt
PEICIRC as the metric to characterize the energy use of
certain circulator pumps and on the recommended equation for
PEICIRC, including whether anything in the technology or
market has changed since publication of the 2016 Term Sheets that would
lead to this metric no longer being appropriate. 86 FR 24516, 24522.
In response, HI and Grundfos recommended changing the metric
nomenclature from PEICIRC to CEI (Circulator Energy Index)
to avoid confusion and/or differentiate coverage from the general pump
rule. (HI, No. 112 at p. 3; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 2) HI similarly
recommended corresponding changes to PERCIRC to CER
(Circulatory Energy Rating). (HI, No. 112 at p. 3). As stated in
section III.E.1, the Advocates and NEEA supported adopting HI 41.5-
2021, the industry rating guideline, that includes the updated metric
nomenclature discussed by HI in its comments. (Advocates, No. 114 at p.
1; NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4-5). The CA IOUs also supported modifying the
term sheet to adopt HI 41.5-2021, and supported adopting term sheet
provisions including the definition of CEI. (CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 2,
5)
DOE agrees with the CPWG that the recommended PEICIRC
metric, as shown in equation (1), will reasonably reflect the energy
use of circulator pumps over a representative average use cycle. DOE
also agrees with commenters that changing the name of the metric to CEI
will reduce possibility for confusion. As such, DOE proposes to adopt
the CEI metric as the performance-based metric for representing the
energy performance of circulator pumps, as defined in equation (2), and
consistent with section 41.5.3.2 of HI 41.5-2021. DOE notes that while
HI 41.5-2021 defines the denominator as CERREF, DOE believes
that the terminology CERSTD is more reflective of the
Federal energy conservation standards. Any standards considered for any
circulator pumps for which the CEI is applicable would use this metric
as a basis for the standard level.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.001
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp); and
CERSTD = circulator energy rating for a minimally
compliant circulator pump serving the same hydraulic load.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt CEI as the metric to
characterize the energy use of certain circulator pumps and on the
proposed equation for CEI.
D. Test Methods for Different Circulator Pump Categories and Control
Varieties
Many circulator pumps are sold with a variable speed drive and
controls (i.e., logic or user interface) with various control
strategies that reduce the required power input at a given flow rate to
save energy. The primary varieties of control recommended by the CPWG
include manual speed controls, pressure controls, temperature controls,
and external input signal controls. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 58 Recommendations #4 at p. 4) In order for the test procedure to
produce results that reflect variations in energy consumption
associated with the various control strategies that could be
implemented in a circulator pump, the CPWG recommended that DOE
establish different test methods for each control variety in the
circulator test procedure. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendations #6A and #6B at pp. 4-6)
Manual speed controls are controls in which the speed of the motor
is adjusted manually, typically at the time of installation, to match
the system head and flow requirements of the installation.
Pressure controls are controls that use a variable speed drive to
automatically adjust the speed of the motor based on the pressure in
the system at any given time according to a fixed constant or
proportional (i.e., sloped) control curve.\18\ Models with pressure
controls typically provide several fixed control curve options
available to accommodate different systems with varying pressure drops
across different zones. These controls are typically installed in
multi-zone hydronic heating applications to vary the speed of the
circulator pump, based on the number of zones open, in order to achieve
the appropriate flow rate through each zone.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ Constant pressure control curves supply the same non-zero
head pressure regardless of flow. Proportional pressure control
curves reduce head in response to a reduction in flow, but maintain
a minimum head pressure at zero flow.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adaptive pressure controls are a specific variety of pressure
controls that use pressure sensors to continually evaluate the head and
flow requirements in the system and adjust the sensitivity of the
control response \19\ to specifically suit the system's head and flow
requirements. In addition to being designed to operate in multi-zone
systems, adaptive pressure controls may also have the ability to
operate in a single zone system, such as a domestic hot water
recirculation system, to adjust for any oversizing that might have
occurred in the design and pump selection process. As such, adaptive
pressure controls have the potential to save more energy than
conventional (i.e. non-adaptive) pressure-based controls.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ In adaptive pressure controls, the sensitivity of the
control response is adjusted by changing the slope of the control
curve.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temperature controls are controls that use a variable speed drive
to automatically adjust the speed of the pump continuously over the
operating speed range to respond to a change in temperature in the
system. These controls may be installed in single- or multi-zone
systems and adjust the circulator pump's operating speed to provide the
optimum flow rate based on the heat load in each zone. Specifically,
temperature controls are typically designed to achieve a fixed
temperature drop through the system and will adjust the speed of the
pump to increase or decrease the flow rate to precisely match the
required thermal load (i.e., to maintain the target temperature drop).
Unlike pressure controls, there are no minimum head requirements
inherent to the temperature control, so temperature controls have the
potential to use the least amount of energy to serve a given load.
Finally, external input signal control refers to a system in which
the speed of the circulator pump is controlled by control logic that is
external to the circulator pump. This could be the case
[[Page 72108]]
in circulator pumps that are, for example, designed to be installed in
conjunction with a boiler and are controlled by the boiler's firing
controls, as opposed their own internal control logic.
Section III.D.1 discusses DOE's proposed definitions for each of
these circulator pump control varieties.
Section III.D.2 discusses the proposed reference system curve that
serves as a basis for rating each variety of circulator pump controls.
Sections III.D.3 through III.D.7 discuss the specific test
provisions being proposed for pressure controls, temperature controls,
manual speed controls, external input signal controls, and no
controls,\20\ respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ In this document, circulator pumps with ``no controls'' are
also inclusive of other potential control varieties that are not one
of the specifically identified control varieties. See section
III.D.7 of this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the May 2021 RFI, several stakeholders commented
about components of CEI that differ by control type method. China
stated that DOE should offer the specific data or calculation method
for CERSTD and have executive consultation among World Trade
Organization members before the procedure is officially published and
implemented. China also commented that the weighted average input power
for CEI is set differently than the international general rules, and
requested that DOE offer scientific evidence for the weight assignment.
(China, No. 111 at p. 3) Grundfos stated that the weights used in
determining CEI should be aligned across control modes to simplify
testing and that the baseline calculation method should match the
control method weights. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3) The CA IOUs
supported the weighting points provided in the CPWG term sheets. (CA
IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5)
In response to China and Grundfos, DOE discusses the weighting
assignments in the individual test methods within this section. In
general, the CPWG recommended unique weights for most control
varieties, which were understood to be representative of their
operation in the field. (See sections III.D.3, III.D.4, III.D.5, and
III.D.6. of this NOPR)
HI 41.5-2021 section 41.5.3 specifies rating the most consumptive
and least consumptive of the control curves that are available on a
circulator pump as shipped. The industry test standard provides an
example stating that if pressure control is the most consumptive option
and multiple pressure control curve settings are provided, the
circulator pump would be tested and rated per the pressure control test
method, but with the most and least consumptive control curves. DOE
notes that this example does not seem consistent with the preceding
text, and that in the HI Energy Rating portal for circulator pumps,\21\
the most consumptive rating is always based on full speed (no
controls), while the least consumptive rating is based on one of the
control varieties on-board, if any.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ The HI Energy Rating portal is available at er.pumps.org/circulator/ratings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the May 2021 RFI, HI stated that for clarity, and to
align with the CPWG negotiated intent (referencing page 473 of the CPWG
transcript from July 13, 2016), DOE should implement the least
consumptive control mode CEI for the regulatory rating. (HI, No. 112 at
p. 2)
NEEA commented that in the context of the CPWG recommendation, they
would expect most manufacturers to rate with the least consumptive
control curve available, which would encourage manufacturers to produce
circulator pumps with efficient controls and would enable utilities to
identify equipment with efficient control options. NEEA also suggested
that DOE also allow circulator pumps with multiple control options to
be rated with the most consumptive control curve available, consistent
with HI 41.5-2021. NEEA stated that allowing circulator pumps to have
multiple ratings would encourage adoption of energy efficient options
and technologies beyond the minimum threshold, while holding all
manufacturers to a consistent standard of performance and providing
information for consumers to fully understand the energy consumption of
the equipment. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 5)
The CPWG did not make a specific recommendation on how to select
which control mode to use for a rating other than that for pressure
controls, a manufacturer should be able to choose the tested control
curve, when multiple options are available, but should report the
control curve used and method of adjustment (e.g., whether the rating
was achieved through automatic speed adjustment, manual speed
adjustment or through simulated pressure signal) to DOE with
certification reporting. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #9 at p. 7)
If given the option to choose a control variety for rating, DOE
expects that most manufacturers would choose the least consumptive
control curve. DOE reviewed the transcript cited by HI and did not
identify justification that the intent of the CPWG was to recommend
testing the least consumptive control mode. DOE believes that proposing
a least consumptive approach, as suggested by HI, could require
manufacturers to conduct multiple tests to identify the least
consumptive control curve, which may cause additional burden. DOE does
not think it is likely that a requirement to identify the least
consumptive control curve would provide additional benefits to
manufacturers (beyond that from an allowance to choose a control curve
to test) such as an incentive to develop energy efficient control
strategies. DOE proposes the approach presented in the CPWG
recommendation, which would allow manufacturers to select the control
variety used for testing if multiple control varieties are available on
the circulator pump. In response to NEEA's recommendation to also allow
ratings with the most consumptive control curve available, DOE proposes
in this NOPR that manufacturers may select multiple control varieties
with which to test their circulator pumps. DOE will address
certification reporting requirements in any future energy conservation
standard rulemaking.\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ For more information on any energy conservation standard
rulemaking for circulator pumps see Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the proposal to allow manufacturers to
select the control variety used for testing if the circulator pump
model is distributed in commerce with multiple control varieties. DOE
specifically requests comment on whether DOE should instead require
manufacturers to test a circulator pump model that offers multiple
control varieties with the least consumptive control variety. DOE also
requests comment on the burden that would be associated with such an
approach.
1. Definitions Related to Circulator Pump Control Varieties
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, the CPWG recommended definitions for
the following control varieties for circulator pumps: Manual speed
control, pressure control, temperature control, and external input
signal control. 86 FR 24516, 24523. The definitions of these pump
control varieties recommended by the CPWG are as follows:
Manual speed control means a control (variable speed drive
and user interface) that adjusts the speed of a driver based on manual
user input.
Pressure control means a control (variable speed drive and
integrated logic) that automatically adjusts the speed of the driver in
response to pressure.
[[Page 72109]]
Temperature control means a control (variable speed drive
and integrated logic) that automatically adjusts the speed of the
driver continuously over the driver operating speed range in response
to temperature.
External input signal control means a variable speed drive
that adjusts the speed of the driver in response to an input signal
from an external logic and/or user interface.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58, Recommendation #4 at p.
4) 86 FR 24516, 24523.
DOE requested comment on the recommended definitions for manual
speed control, pressure control, temperature control, and external
input signal control. 86 FR 24516, 24523.
In response to the May 2020 RFI, HI agreed with the current scope
and definition recommended by the CPWG and noted that the definitions
have not been changed in the adoption of HI 41.5-2021. (HI, No. 112 at
p. 4). Grundfos and the CA IOUs also agreed with these definitions for
control methods (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5)
As stated previously, NEEA and the Advocates in general supported the
term sheet recommendations. (Advocates, No. 114. at p. 1; NEEA, No. 115
at p. 2) DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 section 41.5.1.5.1 includes
definitions for manual speed control, pressure control, temperature
control, and external input signal control that are identical to the
CPWG recommendations.
DOE has reviewed these definitions recommended by the CPWG and
believes that the definitions appropriately describe the
characteristics of the relevant circulator pump controls. Furthermore,
DOE believes these definitions appropriately identify each type of
control for the purpose of determining the applicable test method based
on the characteristics of a circulator pump's control variety.
Therefore, consistent with CPWG recommendations and continued
stakeholder support, DOE proposes to define external input signal
control, manual speed control, pressure control, and temperature
control as recommended by the CPWG and consistent with HI 41.5-2021.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE noted that the CPWG did not recommend a
definition for adaptive pressure controls, although it did recommend a
separate test procedure for them, because, as discussed by the CPWG,
adaptive pressure controls are able to adjust the slope of the control
curve to fit the system needs through an ongoing learning process
inherent in the software. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72 at
pp. 45-46) 86 FR 24516, 24523.
DOE requested comment on a possible definition for adaptive
pressure control. 86 FR 24516, 24523. Grundfos generally objected to
addressing adaptive pressure control in the DOE test procedure.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; see discussion in section III.D.3), but did
not comment specifically on the definition.
DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 section 41.5.1.5.1 includes the
following definition for adaptive pressure control: ``a pressure
control that adjusts the control curve automatically based on the
conditions of use.'' DOE believes that this definition would benefit
from additional clarity regarding the conditions to which the control
responds; specifically, DOE proposes to define adaptive pressure
control as follows:
Adaptive pressure control means a pressure control that
continuously senses the head requirements in the system in which it is
installed and adjusts the control curve of the pump accordingly.
DOE requests comment on its proposed definition of adaptive
pressure control.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether any
additional control variety is now currently on the market and if it
should be considered in this rulemaking. 86 FR 24516, 24523. In
response, HI stated that it is not aware of any additional control
methods. (HI, No. 112 at p. 4) NEEA recommended that in a future
rulemaking, DOE consider the potential energy savings from domestic hot
water controls, especially temperature-based controls. NEEA suggested
that DOE consider providing a CEI credit for circulator pumps equipped
with efficient temperature, on-demand, timer, or learning run-hour
controls. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4)
DOE acknowledges that additional controls exist for circulator
pumps that reduce run-time rather than reduce speed. DOE proposes to
limit the promulgation of test methods in this rulemaking to those
control varieties recommended by the CPWG, which include only controls
that reduce speed, and may consider additional control varieties in
future rulemakings. DOE discusses the concept of applying ``credits''
for on-demand controls in section III.B.5 of this document.
2. Reference System Curve
The May 2021 RFI stated that all recommended test methods for
circulator pump control varieties, which involve variable speed control
of the circulator pump, specify test points with respect to a
representative system curve. That is, for circulator pumps with manual
speed controls, pressure controls, temperature controls, or external
input signal controls, a reference system curve is implemented to be
representative of the speed reduction that is possible in a typical
system to provide representative results. For circulator pumps with no
controls, no reference system is required as measurements are taken at
various test points along a pump curve at maximum speed only. 86 FR
24516, 24523.
Such a reference system curve describes the relationship between
the head and the flow at each test point in a typical system.
Additionally, a reference system curve that is representative of a
typical system in which circulator pumps are installed may also allow
for the differentiation of control varieties to be reflected in the
resulting ratings. 86 FR 24516, 24523. The CPWG recommended that DOE
incorporate a quadratic reference system curve, which intersects the
BEP and has a static offset of 20 percent of BEP head, as shown in
equation (3). (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations
#8 at pp. 6-7) 86 FR 24516, 24523.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.002
Where:
H = the pump total head (ft),
Q = the flow rate (gpm),
[[Page 72110]]
Q100 = flow rate at 100 percent of BEP flow
(gpm), and
H100 = pump total head at 100 percent of BEP flow
(ft).
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations #8 at pp.
6-7); 86 FR 24516, 24523.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on whether the CPWG-
recommended reference system curve shape, including the static offset,
is reasonable for circulator pumps. 86 FR 24516, 24523. HI, Grundfos,
and the CA IOUs agreed with the recommended reference curve. (HI, No.
112 at p. 4; Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3; CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 5).
DOE notes that the reference curve in equation (3) is consistent
with HI 41.5-2021, which includes this reference curve in each of the
individual control test methods (sections 41.5.3.4.2 #3d, 41.5.3.4.3
#2, 41.5.3.4.4.1 #2, 41.5.3.4.4.2 #2, and 41.5.3.4.5 #2d). DOE has
tentatively determined that the reference curve established for general
pumps would provide representative results for circulator pumps. As
such, DOE proposes to adopt the reference curve as shown in equation
(3).
3. Pressure Control
As described in the May 2021 RFI, pressure controls are a variety
of circulator pump control in which the variable speed drive is
automatically adjusted based on the pressure in the system. For
example, such controls are common in multi-zone hydronic heating
applications where the flow and speed are adjusted in response to zones
opening or closing. CPWG recommended that for all circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with pressure controls, the PERCIRC
should be calculated as the weighted average input power at 25, 50, 75,
and 100 percent of BEP flow with unique weights shown in equation (4):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.003
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating (hp);
wi = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test points
of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = power input to the driver at each test point i
(hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
flow at BEP.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations #6A at pp.
4-5 and #7 at p.6); 86 FR 24516, 24523-24524.
The CPWG recommended the weights of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at
test points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow, respectively,
based on subcommittee review of other relevant test methods that
document the typical load profile of hydronic heating and/or cooling
applications, including AHRI 550/590-2011 ``Performance Rating Of
Water-Chilling and Heat Pump Water-Heating Packages Using the Vapor
Compression Cycle,'' ASHRAE 103 ``Method of Testing for Annual Fuel
Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers, and
EN 16297-1:2012 ``Pumps. Rotodynamic pumps. Glandless circulators.
General requirements and procedures for testing and calculation of
energy efficiency index (EEI),'' as well as the fact that pumps with
pressure controls will unlikely operate near BEP flow because systems
are sized to be able to meet the full demand of the design day, which
occurs only on rare occasion.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ This discussion took place during a CPWG subcommittee
meeting, so there is no transcript in the docket. This presentation
includes the results from the subcommittee: https://www.regulations.gov/document/EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004-0027.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition to the test point flow rates, the test method for
pressure controls must also specify the head values (or range of head
values) for evaluation. For pressure controls, the head values
associated with the specified flow rates are determined by the control
curve of the pressure control being evaluated. Traditional pressure
controls typically follow a fixed, linear control curve that can
represent maintenance of constant pressure at a variety of different
flow rates, or can reduce the pressure as the flow is reduced. Often, a
single circulator pump will be equipped with a number of different
pressure control options, as illustrated in Figure III.1.
The CPWG recommended testing circulator pumps with pressure
controls using automatic speed adjustment based on the factory selected
control setting, manual speed adjustment, or simulated pressure signal
to trace a factory selected control curve setting that will achieve the
test point flow rates with a head at or above the reference system
curve. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at
p. 7) To test circulator pumps with pressure controls under this
recommendation, manufacturers would select a pressure-based control
curve for the purpose of the test procedure, provided that all of the
head values that result from that are at or above the reference system
curve discussed in section III.D.2. For example, Figure III.1 depicts
three fixed pressure control options (low, medium, and high), but only
the highest pressure control option results in head values that are all
at or above the reference system curve. Under the CPWG's
recommendation, the speed of the pump would be adjusted according to
the selected control curve using one of three methods: Manual speed
adjustment, simulated pressure signal, or automatic adjustment.
[[Page 72111]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.004
The CPWG also recommended that if a circulator pump with pressure
controls is tested with automatic speed adjustment, that the pump can
be manually adjusted to achieve 100 percent BEP flow and head point at
max speed. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9
at p. 7); 86 FR 24516, 24524. DOE interpreted this to mean that the
test point at 100 percent BEP flow and maximum speed may be generated
using a combination of alternative speed control and throttling. This
modification would be necessary in the event the manufacturer-selected
control curve does not intersect the maximum speed pump curve at the
BEP of the pump, as shown in Figure III.1. In such a case, the test
point at 100 percent of BEP flow and maximum speed could be generated
from the control curve at the maximum speed setting of the pump and
throttled to reach the specific test point.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on the recommended test
methods, test points, and weights for circulator pumps with pressure
controls. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
HI recommended that DOE implement the testing methodology in HI
41.5-2021 section 41.5.3.4.2 for pressure control, which does not
require all test points on a control curve to exist above the reference
curve. Specifically, HI asserted that the minimum system control head
should be the value at 25 percent BEP on the reference curve for the
manual control (and pressure control) method. HI stated that it found
that intersecting the pump curve at BEP and requiring the control mode
to be above the reference curve was too limiting. HI asserted that this
approach did not represent the controls available in the market, nor
did it properly demonstrate the benefit of the onboard controls. HI
stated that section 41.5.3.4.2 allows controls to be rated below the
reference curve with power correction back to the reference curve. (HI,
No. 112 at 4) HI stated that this change eliminates the need for all
control curves to exist above the reference curve, allowing for a
better presentation of control curves used in the market and for the
circulator pump CEI values to better represent a pump's capabilities.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 2) HI provided an additional appendix in support of
its recommendation for the changes. (HI, No. 112 at p.11-12) Grundfos
recommended that DOE accept the approach defined in HI 41.5 for
calculating CEI that allows for constant pressure control methods to be
rated across the entire curve. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 2)
The CA IOUs stated that experiences with field testing the metric
on circulator pumps in the market led to discovering unintended
challenges of testing both constant and proportional pressure controls
in most applications. The CA IOUs noted that these products generally
operate at head pressure below or significantly below the reference
curve at one or more measurement points; thus, most programmed pressure
control curves in a product are not testable under the
[[Page 72112]]
previous methodology. Some products do not have any pre-set control
methods that meet all the requirements and thus must be tested as
having no controls. The CA IOUs added that all of the below reference
curve performance measurements remain valid after adjustment, since the
adjustment uses an assumed constant efficiency calculation. The CA IOUs
asserted that this ensures that products do not gain any arbitrary
input power advantage from the head pressure below the reference curve
adjustment. The CA IOUs stated that not addressing this issue would
force DOE to grant numerous test procedure waivers. (CA IOUs, No. 116
at pp.2, 4-5)
DOE has reviewed the revised test method for pressure control in
section 41.5.3.4.2 of HI 41.5-2021. DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 does
not include the CPWG recommendation to allow manual adjustment of
automatic speed adjusted controls to achieve 100 percent BEP flow and
head point at maximum speed (although this provision is included for
adaptive pressure controls, discussed later in this section). As stated
previously, DOE did not understand this recommendation to mean that the
pressure control curve should intersect the pump curve at BEP, which HI
noted in their comments was too limiting. However, section 41.5.3.4.2
#2a-c of HI 41.5-2021 in general allows for throttling in combination
with any of the three recommended methods to adjust speed: Automatic
speed adjustment based on the factory selected control setting, manual
speed adjustment, or simulated pressure signal to trace a factory
selected control curve setting. In addition, as noted by HI, HI 41.5-
2021 also contains a requirement that the control curve setting must
achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the reference curve. DOE understands
this to mean that a control curve cannot include artificial limitations
on speed. Otherwise, DOE understands that any control curve would be
able to achieve 100 percent of BEP flow of the reference curve after
intersecting with the maximum speed curve. Finally, DOE understands
that the provision that the control must produce head equal to or
greater than 25 percent of BEP head at a minimum of one test point is
designed to limit testing of control curves that would not be viable in
the field.
DOE agrees with commenters that it is important for the test method
to capture the variety of pressure controls on the market, and that
correction back to the reference curve would prevent any unfair
advantage among the variety of controls on the market. DOE notes that
in this proposal, all three curves depicted in Figure III.1 could be
used in this test method. For all of these reasons, DOE is proposing a
test method for circulator pumps with pressure controls consistent with
the method included in HI 41.5-2021. Specifically, DOE proposes that
circulator pumps with pressure controls be tested at test points of 25,
50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow based on a manufacturer-selected
control curve that is available to the end user, must produce a head
equal to or greater than 25 percent of BEP head at a minimum of one
test point, and must achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the reference
curve. DOE proposes that such the test points may be obtained based on
automatic speed adjustment, manual speed adjustment, or simulated
pressure signal, or a combination of these adjustments, including
throttling. Additionally, DOE proposes that the CEI for circulator
pumps with pressure controls be calculated with the unique weights and
test points as shown in equation (4).
DOE requests comment on the proposed test method for circulator
pumps with pressure controls, including whether DOE's interpretation of
the new provisions in HI 41.5-2021 are accurate.
DOE is aware of some circulator pumps that are equipped with user-
adjustable pressure controls such that the maximum and minimum head
values on the control curve can be set to specifically match the system
into which the pump is being installed. DOE's interpretation HI 41.5-
2021 is that these types of controls are not addressed in the industry
standard. To test such controls, DOE proposes that the maximum and
minimum head values on user-adjustable pressure controls may be
adjusted, if possible, to coincide with a maximum head value at the
pump's BEP and a minimum head value equivalent to 20 percent of the BEP
head value (consistent with the static offset of the proposed reference
system curve). If only the maximum or minimum head value can be
adjusted, DOE proposes that only the adjustable setting would be
adjusted. In either case, DOE also proposes that the settings can be
adjusted for testing only if they are adjustable by the user. DOE
believes that this proposed methodology would result in the most
representative performance of such adjustable controls by preventing
the testing of specifically tuned control options that would not be
representative of likely field performance. DOE notes that further
adjustment to attain 100 percent of BEP head would be required.
In summary, for adjustable pressure controls with user-adjustable
maximum and/or minimum head values, DOE proposes to allow one-time
manual adjustment of the maximum and/or minimum control curve head
values, as applicable, to coincide with a maximum head value at the
pump's BEP and a minimum head value equivalent to 20 percent of the BEP
head value with all subsequent test points taken along the adjusted
control curve.
DOE requests comment on whether specific test provisions for
circulator pumps equipped with user-adjustable pressure controls are
needed, and if so, on the proposed provisions for such pumps.
The CPWG also identified a specific style of pressure control that
adapts the control curve setting dynamically to the system in which it
is installed; the CPWG referred to this style of pressure control as
adaptive pressure controls. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72
at p. 45) As discussed in the introduction to section III.D, adaptive
pressure controls are installed in similar applications as pressure
controls, but can also be effective at reducing the head and flow
provided in single-zone systems to adjust for typical pump oversizing.
Also, due to the ability of adaptive pressure controls to measure and
automatically adjust to the system requirements over time, adaptive
pressure controls can result in optimized performance and energy use as
compared to pressure-based controls. The CPWG noted that current
adaptive pressure controls are learning-based controls that gradually
adjust the pressure control set point over time based on the needs of
the system. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72 at pp. 45-46) As
such, the CPWG recommended separate test methods for pressure controls
and adaptive pressure controls, noting the difference in operation and
control logic between the control varieties. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-
STD-0004, No. 73 at p. 176) Specifically, the CPWG discussed that since
adaptive pressure controls gradually adjust the control curve over time
to optimize the pressure control performance for the system in which it
is installed, the test method specified for circulator pumps with
pressure controls was not applicable because there is no fixed pressure
control curve that can be evaluated. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 72 at pp. 45-46) Instead, adaptive pressure controls have a control
``area'' that is defined by a minimum head value (Hauto_min
and Hset_min), the maximum speed pump curve, and a maximum
head value (Hset), as depicted in in Figure III.2.
[[Page 72113]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.005
Within the adaptive pressure control ``area,'' a multitude of
different control curves may be selected based on the detected system
head requirements. Therefore, the CPWG discussed the need to specify
the ``control curve'' within an adaptive pressure control's control
area along which such controls would be evaluated. (Docket No. EERE-
2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 66 at pp. 95-98) For circulator pumps with
adaptive pressure controls, the CPWG recommended that testing be
conducted at the minimum thresholds for head based on manufacturer
literature and through manual speed adjustment to achieve the test
point flow rates with head values at or above the reference curve.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7);
86 FR 24516, 24524.
For example, in Figure III.2, the CPWG recommended test method
would result in minimum head thresholds of Hauto_min at no
flow conditions and Hset_min at maximum flow, essentially
the bottom edge of the adaptive pressure control area. However, DOE
notes that the CPWG also specified that the test points could not be
below the reference system curve (specified in section III.D.2),
similar to pressure controls. Therefore, the CPWG discussed how
adaptive pressure controls would be tested through manual speed
adjustment to test points that are at or above the reference system
curve or minimum head thresholds of the adaptive pressure control area,
whichever is greater. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 66 at pp.
95-98) This results in, for example, the test points denoted with the
circles along the minimum pressure setting curve and the reference
system curve in Figure III.2.
In response to the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on the
recommended test methods, test points, and weights for circulator pumps
with adaptive pressure controls. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
In response, the CA IOUs encouraged DOE to incorporate
representative field data for adaptive controls in a future test
method, asserting there may be a minimal relationship between the
preloaded defaults or reference curve and the eventual operating points
of these devices in the field, in aggregate. The CA IOUs further
recommended that DOE collaborate with industry to develop test
procedures for these units to capture energy savings occurring in the
overall marketplace. (CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 7)
Grundfos commented that adaptive pressure control should not be an
allowed test method in DOE's regulations. Grundfos stated that adaptive
pressure controls cannot be tested in the way they operate. Grundfos
commented that because the recommended test procedure would allow such
pumps to be manually adjusted to the reference curve, a manufacturer
could state that any product has adaptive pressure controls and test
the product in a manner that is not aligned with actual performance.
(Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3)
DOE notes that the test method for such controls in HI 41.5-2021
(section
[[Page 72114]]
41.5.3.4.2 #4) is consistent with the CPWG recommendation. Section
41.5.3.4.2 #4 also allows for manual adjustment to achieve 100 percent
BEP flow and head point at max speed.
In response to Grundfos, DOE notes that, as recommended by the
CPWG, the proposed test procedure would require minimum head thresholds
to be documented in the manufacturer literature associated with the
given circulator pump model and be accessible based on the capabilities
of the control with which the pump is distributed in commerce. That is,
the minimum head thresholds may be manually set before testing the pump
(similar to adjustable pressure controls), but such adjustment must be
possible on the control with which the circulator pump is distributed
in commerce and described in the manufacturer's literature. DOE
believes this would ensure that the evaluated control threshold is
representative of minimum head values that are realized in the field.
In response to the CA IOUs, DOE welcomes additional field data that
could provide more information to support a future update of any
finalized adaptive control test method. Based on the information
currently available, DOE has tentatively determined that the adaptive
pressure control test method recommended by the CPWG and proposed in
this NOPR is reasonably designed to reflect energy use under typical
operating conditions.
In summary, consistent with HI 41.5-2021, for adaptive pressure
controls, DOE proposes to test at each test point at the minimum
thresholds for head noted in the manufacturer literature or the head
values specified along the reference system curve, whichever is
greater. In addition, although not included in HI 41.5-2021, DOE also
proposes that if the pump does not have a manual control mode
available, the speed would be adjusted based on the pressure control
mode with the lowest head at each load point, and if the selected
pressure control results in a head value below the reference system
curve, the pump would be throttled to achieve a head value at or above
the reference system curve.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test methods for circulator
pumps with adaptive pressure controls, and in particular on the
proposed provisions not included in HI 41.5-2021, including for pumps
without a manual control mode, whether throttling should be allowed to
achieve head above the reference system curve, or instead head should
be allowed below the reference system curve and adjusted back to the
curve, as with other non-adaptive pressure controls. DOE also requests
comment on the HI 41.5-2021 provision for manual adjustment to achieve
100 percent BEP flow and heat point at max speed, which is not included
for other pressure controls.
4. Temperature Control
As previously discussed and as presented in the May 2021 RFI,
temperature controls are controls that automatically adjust the speed
of the variable speed drive in the pump continuously over the operating
speed range to respond to a change in temperature of the operating
fluid in the system. Typically, temperature controls are designed to
achieve a fixed temperature differential between the supply and return
lines and adjust the flow rate through the system by adjusting the
speed to achieve the specified temperature differential. Similar to
pressure controls, temperature controls are also designed primarily for
hydronic heating applications. However, temperature controls may be
installed in single- or multi-zone systems and will optimize the
circulator pump's operating speed to provide the necessary flow rate
based on the heat load in each zone. Unlike pressure controls, there
are no minimum head requirements inherent to the temperature control,
so temperature controls have the potential to use the least amount
energy to serve a given load. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
The CPWG recommended that for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce with temperature controls, PERCIRC should be
calculated in the same way and with the same weights as for pressure
controls, as shown in equation (4).(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #6A at pp. 4-5); 86 FR 24516, 24524.
As temperature controls serve similar hydronic heating applications
as pressure controls, the CPWG assigned the same weights, which are
representative of the loads the circulator pump is serving. (Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 113-115) Specifically, for
circulator pumps with temperature controls, the CPWG recommended
weights of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test points of 25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of BEP flow, respectively. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, No. 58 Recommendation #7 at p.6)
Since circulator pumps with temperature controls are not limited by
head requirements present in pressure controls and can match the
required speed to meet the demand of the system, the head values at the
specified flow rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow are not
dictated by the control curve logic. As such, the temperature control
is able to achieve the exact head values at each flow rate described by
the reference system curve (discussed in section III.D.2). Assuming the
reference system curve represents a typical system, testing temperature
controls along the reference system curve represents their likely
performance because temperature controls have the ability to sense and
respond precisely to the load on the system.
In addition to the test points, the CPWG also discussed how
circulator pumps with temperature control should be controlled during
testing. The CPWG discussed how testing temperature controls using
conditioned water would be extremely burdensome and expensive. The CPWG
discussed that providing less burdensome options for testing would
represent a reasonable compromise to reduce the burden associated with
testing temperature controls, while still resulting in representative
energy performance ratings. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70
at pp. 282-288) Therefore, the CPWG recommended that circulator pumps
with temperature controls be tested based on manual speed adjustment or
with a simulated temperature signal to activate the temperature-based
control to achieve the test point flow rates with a head at or above
the reference curve. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #9 at p. 7); 86 FR 24516, 24524.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE requested comment on the recommended test
methods, test points, and weights for circulator pumps with temperature
controls. Specifically, DOE requested comment on whether the technology
or market for such controls has changed sufficiently since the term
sheet to warrant a different approach. 86 FR 24516, 24524.
HI stated that it was not aware of any technical or market changes.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 4) Grundfos stated that temperature control is a
form of external control (i.e., temperature sensor input to the
controller), and that therefore, temperature control should be removed
and included as part of external control for testing purposes. Grundfos
suggested, however, that in this case manufacturers should be allowed
to identify temperature control on their products. (Grundfos, No. 113
at p. 3-4)
DOE notes that the temperature control test method recommended by
the CPWG is consistent with that in section 41.5.3.4.3 of HI 41.5-2021.
In response to Grundfos, DOE notes that
[[Page 72115]]
the CPWG considered the category of external input signal controls as
separate from temperature controls. Specifically, the CPWG noted that
unlike pressure and temperature controls, for external input signal
controls, the logic that defines how the circulator pump operating
speed is selected in response to some measured variable (e.g.,
temperature, pressure, or boiler fire rate) is not integral to the
circulator as distributed in commerce. Instead, it is part of another
control system, such as a building management system or a boiler
control system. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72 at p. 83-84)
DOE also notes that the test method recommended by the CPWG and in HI
41.5-2021 for circulator pumps with external input signal controls only
and that cannot operate without an external signal control is the same
as the test method for circulator pumps with temperature control.
However, the CPWG recommended, and HI 41.5-2021 included, a different
test method for external input signal controls with other control
varieties or that can be operated without external input signal
control. The reasons for this difference are discussed in section
III.D.6. As such, DOE proposes to remain consistent with the CPWG
recommendations and HI 41.5-2021 regarding specification of a
temperature control test method.
DOE tentatively determines that the CPWG for temperature controls
would allow for temperature controls to be tested in a way that
captures the potential energy savings from this control variety without
being overly burdensome for manufacturers to conduct. Therefore, DOE
proposes to adopt the recommendations of the CPWG to test temperature
controls based on manual speed adjustment or with simulated temperature
signal to activate the temperature-based control to achieve the test
point flow rates with a head at or above the reference system curve.
Additionally, DOE proposes to use the weights and test points shown in
equation (4) for circulator pumps distributed in commerce with
temperature controls.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test methods, test points, and
weights for circulator pumps with temperature controls.
5. Manual Speed Control
As discussed previously and as stated in the May 2021 RFI, manual
speed controls are a control variety for which the speed of the pump is
adjusted manually, typically to one of several pre-set speeds, by a
dial or a control panel to fit the demand of the system within which it
is installed. The CPWG discussed how circulator pumps installed with
manual speed controls are typically only adjusted one time upon
installation, if at all, and will operate at that set speed as if it
were a single-speed circulator pump. As such, many manual speed control
circulator pumps operate at full speed in the field, while a portion of
them may be turned down to a medium or low speed to suit the needs of
the systems. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 65 at pp. 131-133);
86 FR 24516, 24524.
Therefore, the CPWG recommended to test circulator pumps with
manual speed controls both: (1) Along the maximum speed circulator pump
curve to achieve the test point flow rates for the max speed input
power values, and (2) based on manual speed adjustment to the lowest
speed setting that will achieve a head at or above the reference curve
at the test point flow rate for the reduced speed input power values.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7);
86 FR 24516, 24524.
To accomplish a single rating representative of the ``average''
energy use of a manual speed circulator, the CPWG recommended that for
circulator pumps distributed in commerce with manual speed controls,
the PERCIRC should be calculated as the weighted average of
Pin,max (the weighted average input power at specific load
points across the maximum speed curve) and Pin,reduced (the
weighted average input power at specific load points at reduced speed),
but recommended separate load points and speed factors, as shown in
equations (5), (6), and (7):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.006
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating (hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.75;
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator (hp), as specified in equation (6);
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.25; and
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator (hp), as specified in equation (7).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.007
Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum speed
of the circulator (hp);
wi_max = 0.25;
Pin,i_max = power input to the driver at maximum rotating
speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
flow at BEP.
[[Page 72116]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.008
Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
speeds of the circulator (hp);
wi_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = power input to the driver at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, and 75 percent of the flow at
BEP of max speed and head values at or above the reference curve.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #6B and 7
at pp. 5-6); 86 FR 24516, 24524-24525.
The CPWG specified the speed factor for maximum speed
(zmax) and reduced speed (zreduced) to represent
the likelihood that the circulator pump would operate at maximum versus
reduced speed, or the likelihood that an installer would turn down the
speed of the circulator pump in the field. The CPWG concluded that
about 75 percent of the time, circulator pumps with manual speed
controls are operated at maximum speed. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, No. 71 at p. 377) Therefore, the CPWG recommended that the speed
factor for maximum speed (zmax) should be 0.75 and the speed
factor for reduced speed (zreduced) should be 0.25. (Docket
No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #7 at p. 6)
The CPWG concluded that when a circulator pump with manual speed
control is installed and set to maximum speed, it operates like a
single-speed pump and should receive the same weighting as a circulator
pump with no controls for the maximum speed weights, represented as
wi_max in equation (6). (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 70 at pp. 183-184) For the weights associated with reduced speeds
using manual speed controls, the CPWG concluded that equal weighting of
0.3333 for each of the reduced speed points of 25, 50, and 75 percent
of BEP flow at maximum speed would best represent the ``average''
performance of the manual speed circulator pump at reduced speed,
represented as wi_reduced in equation (7). (Docket No. EERE-
2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 71 at pp. 433-437)
DOE requested comment on the CPWG-recommended test method and the
unique test points, weights, and speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with manual speed controls. Specifically, DOE
requested comment on whether the technology or market for such controls
has changed sufficiently since the term sheet to warrant a different
approach. 86 FR 24516, 24525.
Grundfos recommended that DOE remove manual speed control from the
regulation, stating that these pumps should be tested as circulator
pumps with no control. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4) Grundfos asserted
that these devices are not manually controlled in real application and
are simply set at a desired speed, violating the intention of energy
savings and the intention of the ability to reduce speed during
operation. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 3)
DOE notes that the CPWG specifically addressed the issues raised by
Grundfos in discussing how the test points at maximum speed were
designed to represent the performance at maximum speed and account for
operation at maximum speed the majority of the time, while the test
points at reduced speed allowed some ``credit'' for being able to
reduce speed. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at p. 201-202)
As stated previously, the CPWG concluded that about 75 percent of the
time, circulator pumps with manual speed controls are operated at
maximum speed, as reflected in its recommended procedure. (Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 71 at p. 377) For these reasons, DOE
proposes to include manual speed control as a test method in the
circulator pump test procedure.
HI recommended using the modified testing methodology in HI 41.5-
2021 section 41.5.3.4.5 for manual speed control. Specifically, HI
believes the minimum system control head should be the value at 25
percent BEP on the reference curve for the manual control (and pressure
control) method. HI described its findings that intersecting the pump
curve at BEP and requiring the control mode to be above the reference
curve was too limiting. HI asserted that this did not represent the
controls available in the market, nor did it properly demonstrate the
benefit of the onboard controls. HI commented that section 41.5.3.4.5
allows controls to be rated below the reference curve with power
correction back to the reference curve. (HI, No. 112 at 5) HI stated
that this change eliminates the need for all control curves to exist
above the reference curve, allowing for a better presentation of
control curves used in the market and for the circulator pump CEI
values to better represent a pump's capabilities. (HI, No. 112 at p. 2)
The Advocates supported the update in HI 41.5-2021 that includes a
modification to correct for test data below the reference curve,
stating that this improves representativeness for many circulator pump
models. (Advocates, No. 114 at pp. 1-2) As stated previously, NEEA
generally supported adopting HI 41.5-2021 as the test method for pumps,
which incorporates these modifications discussed by HI and the
Advocates. (NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4)
DOE tentatively determines the CPWG recommendations regarding the
test method for manual speed control circulator pumps are appropriate
and representative, as they account for the likelihood that a
circulator pump with manual speed controls will be installed and
operated at maximum speed, but also accounts for the potential energy
savings associated with reduced speed operation. However, DOE
understands that through stakeholders' experience with using this test
method, certain changes to the term sheet recommendations would improve
representativeness by capturing the benefit of onboard controls
available in the market. Therefore, DOE proposes to test circulator
pumps with manual speed controls consistent with the provisions in
section 41.5.3.4.5 of HI 41.5-2021, as follows: (1) The tested control
must produce head equal to or greater than 25 percent of BEP head at a
minimum of one test point (HI 41.5-2021 section 41.5.3.4.5 #2a), and
(2) the control curve setting being evaluated must achieve 100 percent
BEP flow of the reference curve (HI 41.5-2021 section 41.5.3.4.5 #2b).
DOE also proposes that the CER be calculated as the weighted average of
Pin,max and Pin,reduced, as shown in equations
(5), (6), and (7), but with removal of the requirements for test points
to be at or above the reference curve. DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021
section 41.5.3.4.5 #3 still retains that provision, which DOE assumes
to be an error based on HI's comments and recommendations in response
to the May 2020 RFI.
[[Page 72117]]
DOE also notes that the introductory text of HI 41.5-2021 section
41.5.3.4.5 specifies that the test method applies to manual speed
control, which can be operated without an external input signal, but
DOE also believes this provision is superfluous as manual speed
controls by definition do not require an external input signal.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with manual speed controls.
6. External Input Signal Control
As discussed previously and as stated in the May 2021 RFI, the
final control variety considered by the CPWG was external input signal
controls. External input signal controls are controls in which the
device that responds to the stimulus, or the primary control logic, is
external to the circulator pump. Unlike pressure and temperature
controls, the logic that defines how the circulator pump operating
speed is selected in response to some measured variable (e.g.,
temperature, pressure, or boiler fire rate) is not part of the
circulator, as distributed in commerce. Instead, it is part of another
control system, such as a building management system or a boiler
control system. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72 at p. 84) 86
FR 24516, 24525.
For circulator pumps that have only an external input signal
control, the CPWG recommended testing along the reference control curve
to achieve the test point flow rates with a head at or above the
reference system curve with the same weights as temperature and
pressure controls, as shown in equation (4). The CPWG recommended that,
in order to ensure that the rating was representative of the
performance of such pumps, the external input signal control must be
the only control mode that can be used with the circulator pump, and
the circulator pump must not be able to operate without an external
input signal. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations
#9 at pp. 7-8); 86 FR 24516, 24525.
The CPWG asserted that if external input signal control is one of
multiple options available on a circulator pump, or the pump is able to
operate without an external input signal, it is less likely that the
external input signal control option is going to be utilized since it
requires external logic and equipment in order to operate properly.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 72 at pp. 216-218, 229). The
CPWG recommended testing circulator pumps with external input signal
controls similar to manual speed controls. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-
STD-0004, No. 47 at p. 480) Specifically, the CPWG recommended testing
a circulator pump sold with external input signal controls and another
control variety with a simulated signal both: (1) Along the maximum
speed circulator pump curve to achieve the test point flow rates for
the max speed input power values and (2) with speed adjustment using a
simulated signal to the lowest speed setting that will achieve a head
at or above the reference curve at the test point flow rates for the
reduced speed input power values. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004,
No. 58 Recommendation #9 at pp. 7-8); 86 FR 24516, 24525.
As such, the CPWG recommended that for circulator pumps distributed
in commerce with external input signal controls among other control
varieties, the PERCIRC should be calculated as the weighted
average of Pin,max (the weighted average input power at
specific load points across the maximum speed curve) and
Pin,reduced (the weighted average input power at specific
load points at reduced speed), similar to circulator pumps with manual
speed control, as shown in equation (8), (9), and (10):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.009
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating (hp);
Zmax = speed factor weight of 0.30;
Pin--max = weighted average input power at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump (hp);
Zreduced = weighted average input power at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator (hp).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.010
Where:
Pin--max = weighted average input power at maximum speed
of the circulator (hp);
Wi--max = 0.25;
Pin.i--max = power input to the driver at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp);and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
flow at BEP.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.011
[[Page 72118]]
Where:
Pin--reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
speeds of the circulator pump (hp);
Wi--reduced = 0.3333;
Pin.i--reduced = power input to the driver at reduced
rotating speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75 percent of the flow at BEP
of max speed and head values at or above the reference curve.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendations #6B and #7
at pp. 5-6); 86 FR 24516, 24525-24526.
The CPWG recommended the speed factors of 0.30 at maximum speed and
0.70 at reduced speed in order to produce a rating on an equivalent
basis as that of a circulator pump with a typical differential pressure
control. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #7 at
p. 6). In addition, these speed factors would represent the likelihood
that a circulator pump with an external input signal control is
selected to operate with that external input signal control, and
whether the signal it receives results in the circulator pump reducing
speed. 86 FR 24516, 24526.
DOE requested comment on the CPWG-recommended test method for
circulator pumps distributed in commerce with only external input
signal controls, as well as for those distributed in commerce with
external input signal controls in addition to other control varieties.
Specifically, DOE requested comment on whether the technology or market
for such controls has changed sufficiently since the term sheet to
warrant a different approach. 86 FR 24516, 24526.
HI stated that it is not aware of any technical or market changes.
(HI, No. 112 at p. 5). As stated previously, Grundfos recommended that
external input and temperature controls be tested in the same way, with
labeling to differentiate these control methods for consumer purposes.
Grundfos stated that the functional characteristics are the same
between both methods. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4) DOE addressed this
comment in section III.D.4.
DOE notes that the CPWG-recommended test method for circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with only external input signal controls
is generally consistent with that found in section 41.5.3.4.4 of HI
41.5-2021. HI 41.5-2021 contains additional specifications not found in
CPWG recommendations that, for circulator pumps with only external
input signal control, manual speed adjustment or simulated external
input signal can be used to achieve the relevant flow rates (section
41.5.3.4.4.1 #2). DOE also notes that the CPWG-recommended test method
for circulator pumps distributed in commerce with external input signal
controls in addition to other control varieties is mostly consistent
with that found in section 41.5.3.4.4.2 of HI 41.5-2021. However, where
the CPWG recommendations specify testing using a simulated signal,
whereas HI 41.5-2021 specifies testing using manual speed adjustment
(section 41.4.3.4.4.2 #2). In addition, HI 41.5-2021 does not specify
using the lowest speed setting that results in a head value at or above
the reference system curve; rather, it specifies to manually adjust the
speed to achieve the specified flow rates with head at or above the
reference control curve (section 41.4.3.4.4.2 #2).
DOE proposes to specify a test method for circulator pumps sold
only with external input signal control and that cannot operate without
an external input signal. Specifically, DOE proposes to test along the
reference system curve to achieve the test point flow rates with a head
at or above the reference curve, and that CEI would be calculated as
shown in equation (2). DOE also proposes to test circulator pumps sold
with external input signal controls along with other controls, or which
can be operated without an external input signal control, both: (1)
Along the maximum speed circulator pump curve to achieve the test point
flow rates for the max speed input power values and (2) with speed
adjustment that will achieve a head at or above the reference system
curve at the test point flow rates for the reduced speed input power
values. DOE proposes that in either case, either manual speed
adjustment or simulated external input signal can be used to achieve
the relevant flow rates. DOE is not proposing that the speed adjustment
include the ``lowest speed setting'' that results in a head value at or
above the reference system curve; however, DOE addresses this issue in
its enforcement provision proposals (section III.F.2). Finally, DOE
proposes that the CEI should be calculated as the weighted average of
Pin,max and Pin,reduced, as shown in equations
(8), (9), and (10).
Based on consideration of the CPWG recommendations and stakeholder
comments, DOE tentatively concludes that the proposed test provisions
for circulator pumps distributed in commerce with external input signal
controls would produce representative results for such equipment and
would not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test method and the unique
test points, weights, and speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with external input signal controls. In
particular, DOE requests comment on whether manual speed adjustment
and/or simulated external input signal are appropriate for testing
circulator pumps with external input signal only, as well as circulator
pumps with external input signal in addition to other control
varieties. DOE also seeks comment on whether it is necessary to
reference the ``lowest speed setting'' when determining the appropriate
test points. Finally, DOE seeks comment on whether the test points and
weights for circulator pumps distributed in commerce with external
input signal control in addition to other control varieties are
appropriately reflective of their energy consumption in the field
relative to other control varieties.
7. No Controls
As discussed previously and as stated in the May 2021 RFI, for
circulator pumps with no controls,\24\ the CPWG recommended testing the
pump along the maximum speed circulator pump curve to achieve the test
point flow rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow. (Docket
No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7); 86 FR
24516, 24526.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ In this document, circulator pumps with no controls are
also inclusive of other potential control varieties that are not one
of the specifically identified control varieties.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CPWG also recommended that for circulator pumps distributed in
commerce without manual speed controls, pressure controls, temperature
controls or external input signal controls, PERCIRC should
be calculated with the unique weights and test points as shown in
equation (11):
[[Page 72119]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.012
Where:
PERCIRC = circulator pump energy rating (hp);
wi = 0.25;
Pin,i = power input to the driver at each test point i
(hp); and
i = test point(s), defined as 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
flow at BEP.
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #6A at pp.
4-5); 86 FR 24516, 24526.
The CPWG recommended the 0.25 weights at each test point (i.e., 25,
50, 75, and 100 percent of the flow at BEP) in order to account for the
variety of systems and operating points a single-speed circulator pump
may encounter. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 172-
173); 86 FR 24516, 24526.
DOE requested comment on the CPWG-recommended test methods, test
points, and weights for circulator pumps with no controls. 86 FR 24516,
24526.
HI stated that it is not aware of any changes; however, HI
recommended that DOE change the term ``no controls'' to ``full speed''
to ensure market clarity and align with common terminology. (HI, No.
112 at p. 5) Grundfos also recommended that DOE change this name to
Full Speed to clarify the intent of the testing and make it clear that
this test method is only to define the baseline circulator pump CEI and
is not a qualified control method for rating a circulator pump by
itself. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4)
DOE notes that the CPWG recommended test method for circulator
pumps with no controls is consistent with that in section 41.5.3.4.1 of
HI 41.5-2021 (``Determination of CER--Full Speed''). In response to
Grundfos, DOE notes that the ``no controls'' test method as recommended
by the CPWG and as proposed in this NOPR is a test method for rating a
pump that does not have any of the other controls for which a test
method is specified. DOE proposes to define this test method separately
from the calculation to determine the CERSTD. In response to
HI, DOE understands that as part of the HI Energy Rating program,
manufacturers are using the no controls test to determine the most
consumptive rating for their pumps. Therefore, in order to provide
regulatory clarity about which pumps must be rated using the ``no
controls'' test method, but also accommodate the option for any pump to
be rated using the ``no controls'' test method, DOE proposes to refer
to this test method in the regulatory text as the test method for
circulator pumps without external signal, manual, pressure, or
temperature controls (i.e., full speed test). DOE also proposes
additional language in the scope section regarding this clarification.
Consistent with the recommendations of the CPWG, DOE proposes to
test circulator pumps without external input signal, manual, pressure,
or temperature controls along the maximum speed circulator pump curve
to achieve the test point flow rates. DOE agrees that since these
circulator pumps with no controls are single-speed controls and only
have a single speed, testing at maximum speed is representative of the
typical operation of circulator pumps with no controls. Additionally,
DOE proposes to use equation (11) with the unique weights and test
points to test circulator pumps with no controls, with nomenclature
updated from PERCIRC to CER.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test method for circulator
pumps distributed in commerce with no controls.
E. Determination of Circulator Pump Performance
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, as part of the September 2016 CPWG
Recommendations, the CPWG recommended that all test points be tested on
a wire-to-water basis, in accordance with HI 40.6-2014, with minor
modifications. The CPWG also recommended that if an updated version of
HI 40.6 is published prior to publication of the test procedure final
rule, DOE should review and incorporate the updated version. (Docket
No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58, Recommendation #10 at p. 8-9); 86 FR
24516, 24526. The CPWG also recommended several modifications related
to frequency of data collection, BEP speed, electrical measurement
equipment, relevant parameters at specific load points, power supply
characteristics, and rounding of values for calculating and reporting
purposes. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #10
at pp. 8-9)
Two updated versions of HI 40.6--HI 40.6-2016 and HI 40.6-2021--
have been published since the CPWG meetings concluded. Section III.E.1
discusses HI 40.6-2021, the industry standard, which DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference, for measuring the performance of circulator
pumps, noting the changes made from the previous version of HI 40.6-
2014. DOE believes that it is necessary to make several exceptions,
modifications, and additions to this test procedure to ensure accuracy
and repeatability of test measurements (sections III.E.2.a through
III.E.2.c) and that the test method produces results that reflect
energy efficiency or energy use during a representative average use
cycle without being unduly burdensome to conduct. Additionally, DOE
proposes specific procedures for calculating the CEI and rounding of
values to ensure that the resultant ratings are determined in a
consistent manner (section III.E.2.d).
1. Incorporation by Reference of HI 40.6-2021
As stated in the May 2021 RFI, in 2016, HI published an updated
industry standard, HI 40.6-2016, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing'' (``HI 40.6-2016''). 86 FR 24516, 24526. This
update aligned the definitions and procedures described in HI Standard
40.6 with the DOE test procedure for pumps published in the January
2016 TP final rule. Appendix A to subpart Y to 10 CFR part 431. In the
September 2020 Early Assessment RFI for pumps, DOE requested comment on
the potential effect of incorporating HI 40.6-2016 by reference as the
DOE test procedure for pumps. 85 FR 60734, 60737. Grundfos, NEEA, and
HI commented that HI expects to publish another standard update in 2021
and urged DOE to incorporate by reference HI 40.6-2021 rather than HI
40.6-2016 (Grundfos, Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, No. 07 at p. 2;
NEEA, Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, No. 08 at p. 6; HI, Docket No.
EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, No. 06 at pp. 1, 3). HI specified that HI 40.6-
2016 included updates to match DOE's test procedure for pumps, and that
HI 40.6-2021 would further include editorial revisions and would add
circulator pump testing, and also would not impact measured values,
burden, or representativeness. (HI,
[[Page 72120]]
Docket No. EERE-2020-BT-TP-0032, No.06 at p. 3); 86 FR 24516, 24526. At
the time of the May 2021 RFI development, HI 40.6-2021 was not yet
published.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought comment and feedback on whether HI
40.6-2016 or HI 40.6-2021 is an appropriate test method for conducting
wire-to-water testing of circulator pumps, as recommended by the CPWG.
In addition, DOE sought comment on whether the modifications in HI
40.6-2016 and/or HI 40.6-2021 adequately capture the CPWG recommended
modifications in Recommendation #10. 86 FR 24516, 24526.
HI stated that HI 40.6-2021 should be incorporated by reference and
that the 2021 edition modified the 2016 version only to add specific
testing requirements for circulator pumps. (HI, No. 112 at p. 5)
Grundfos also stated that DOE should accept HI 40.6-2021 for
incorporation into the regulation and that it provides appropriate
testing methods as defined by the CPWG. Grundfos also stated that there
were some specific deviations from Recommendation #10 with respect to
``Relevant Parameters at Specific Load Points.'' Specifically, Grundfos
stated that while implementing the industry rating program,
manufacturers identified that requiring all tested flow points to be
within 10 percent of the reference curve was not feasible
for pressure control, especially when operating at constant pressure at
heads below the BEP head. Grundfos further stated that the HI committee
made modifications to this recommendation in HI 41.5 that preserve the
integrity of the calculation of efficiency and allow for these products
to be properly tested and labeled. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 4-5)
NEEA, the Advocates, and the CA IOUs recommended that DOE adopt HI
41.5-2021 as the test method for circulator pumps. (NEEA, No. 115 at p.
4, Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1, CA IOUs, No. 116 at p. 2) The Advocates
stated that an update to the program guideline, HI 41.5-2021, includes
a modification to correct for test data below the reference curve and
that they understand that this change improves representativeness for
many circulator pump models and is consistent with the intent of the
term sheets. They also stated that HI 41.5-2021 includes additional
minor modifications to improve accuracy and clarity. (Advocates, No.
114 at pp. 1-2) Similarly, NEEA stated that HI 41.5-2021 includes
slight modifications from the original term sheet for testing with
pressure controls that operate below the reference curve, and that the
modifications provide more representative values. (NEEA, No. 115 at
p.4)
China made several requests related to specific provisions in the
HI 40.6 test procedure. China commented that DOE should present the
information related to pump test acceptance grades and corresponding
tolerance, referring to Table 8 of part 4.4.1 and the provision of part
4.4.2 in ISO 9906:2012. China recommended that DOE clarify the
scientific basis of the selection of the 7 test points which are 40,
60, 75, 90, 100 and 120 percent of the flow rate at the expected BEP.
China further recommended that DOE clarify the efficiency testing
method for integrated design products of electric pumps. (China, No.
111 at p. 3)
Since publication of the May 2021 RFI, HI has published HI 40.6-
2021. DOE has reviewed HI 40.6-2021 and determined that the test
methods contained within HI 40.6-2021 are generally consistent with HI
40.6-2014 and are sufficiently specific and reasonably designed to
produce test results to determine a CEI that is representative of an
average use cycle of applicable circulator pumps. Specifically, Table
40.6.2 of HI 40.6-2021, like HI 40.6-2014, defines and explains how to
calculate driver power input,\25\ volume per unit time,\26\ pump total
head,\27\ and other relevant quantities, which are essential to
determining the metric.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ The term ``driver or control power input'' in HI 40.6-2021
is defined as ``the power input to the driver or control;'' in this
NOPR, DOE refers to ``driver power input'' as the power to either
the motor or the controls, if present.
\26\ The term ``volume per unit time'' in HI 40.6-2021 is
defined as ``. . . the volume rate of flow in any given section . .
. Also referred to as flow, flow rate, and rate of flow.''
\27\ The term ``pump total head'' is defined in HI 40.6-2021 as
``the algebraic difference between the outlet total head and the
inlet total head'' and is used synonymously with the term ``head''
in this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
HI 40.6-2021 also contains appropriate specifications regarding the
scope of pumps covered by the test method, standard rating conditions,
equipment specifications, uncertainty calculations, and tolerances. The
electrical measurement specification and associated equipment
specifications in section C.4.3 of HI 40.6-2021 contain the relevant
measurement specifications for certain non-energy metrics (i.e., true
RMS current, true RMS voltage, and real power) that manufacturers may
choose to make representations about for each rated circulator pump.
These specifications also describe the relevant measurements used in
the calculation of true power factor (``PF'') at each applicable load
point for each circulator pump control variety, a non-energy metric
manufacturers may wish to use to make representations. In addition, HI
40.6-2021 contains a new appendix E with specific test instructions for
circulator pumps. DOE notes that section 41.5.3.1 of HI 41.5-2021
references Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 as the test standard that governs
measurements of all test points in the standard. DOE has reviewed HI
40.6-2021 with respect to the minor modifications listed by the CPWG in
Recommendation #10. DOE has found that recommendations regarding
frequency of data collection are included in section 40.6.5.5.1, and
recommendations regarding electrical measurement equipment and power
supply characteristics are included in section C.3.4.1 and Table
40.6.3.2.3. The recommendation regarding BEP speed--specifically, to
test at max speed with no adjustment to nominal--is addressed in
Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021, which excludes sections 40.6.5.5.2,
40.6.6.1, and 40.6.6.1.1, dealing with the specified speed of rotation
and translation to that specified speed. The recommendations for
relevant parameters at specific load points have been addressed in
Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 as well as HI 41.5-2021, with some
modifications. These provisions are discussed in section III.E.2.c of
this NOPR. The recommendations for rounding values for calculation and
reporting purposes are not addressed in HI 40.6-2021 or HI 41.5-2021;
DOE discusses these provisions in section III.E.2.d of this document.
In response to NEEA, the Advocates, and the CA IOUs, DOE does not
propose to incorporate by reference HI 41.5-2021 as the test method for
circulator pumps, as noted in section II. DOE instead proposes to rely
on the industry test standard, HI 40.6-2021, with additional provisions
in regulatory text consistent with HI 41.5-2021.
In response to China, with respect to section 40.6.4.4 of HI 40.6-
2021, DOE notes that HI 40.6-2021 provides methods to determine energy
efficiency as opposed to guaranteeing certain performance (e.g., pump
head, flow, power, or efficiency) in a particular application. As such,
acceptance grades are not relevant. However, HI 40.6-2021 does define
permissible fluctuations in Table 40.6.3.2.2. With respect to the test
points in 40.6.5.5.1, DOE discusses these further in section III.E.2.c
of this document.
With respect to section 40.6.3 of HI 40.6-2021 and the efficiency
testing method of integrated design products of
[[Page 72121]]
electric pumps, DOE is not clear what is meant by ``integrated design
products.'' However, section 40.6.4.4 of HI 40.6-2021 discusses
determination of pump overall efficiency of a motor pump unit or a
complete pump (i.e., bare pump, mechanical equipment, driver and drive
coupled together and treated as an integral unit). In addition,
Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 specifies that for circulator pumps, all
power measurements must be measured inclusive of the driver, or driver
and controls when applicable, and refers to section 40.6.4.4.
After considering stakeholder comments, DOE proposes to incorporate
HI 40.6-2021, inclusive of Appendix E, for the purposes of testing
circulator pumps, including the minor modifications and additions
discussed previously. However, DOE also proposes to exclude certain
sections of HI 40.6-2021 that are not relevant to determining the CEI
of tested circulator pumps, as discussed in section III.E.2.a.
Additionally, there are specifications that the CPWG recommended for
the circulator pump test procedure that are not included in HI 40.6-
2021, including test arrangements for twin-head circulator pumps and
circulators-less-volute specific procedures for calculating the CEI and
rounding of values. DOE also discusses determination of driver power
input at specified load points, as included in HI 40.6-2021 and HI
41.5-2021, as compared to the CPWG recommendations. These modifications
and additions are discussed in sections III.E.2.b through III.E.2.d of
this document.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by reference HI
40.6-2021, inclusive of Appendix E, into the proposed appendix D to
subpart Y, with the exceptions, modifications, and additions described
in section III.E.2 of this document.
2. Exceptions, Modifications and Additions to HI 40.6-2021
In general, DOE finds the test methods contained within HI 40.6-
2021 are sufficiently specific and reasonably designed to produce test
results to determine a CEI that is representative average use cycle of
applicable circulator pumps. However, only certain sections of HI 40.6-
2021 are applicable to the proposed circulator pump test procedure. In
addition, DOE proposes certain exceptions, modifications, and additions
to ensure test results are sufficiently repeatable and reproducible,
addressed in the subsequent sections III.E.2.a through III.E.2.d of
this document.
a. Applicability and Clarification of Certain Sections of HI 40.6-2021
Although DOE is incorporating by reference HI 40.6-2021 as the
basis for its test procedure, DOE notes that some sections of the
standard are not applicable to the circulator pump test procedure,
while other sections require additional specification regarding their
applicability when conducting the circulator pump test procedure.
DOE is not proposing to reference section 40.6.4.1, ``Vertically
suspended pumps,'' and section 40.6.4.2, ``Submersible pumps,'' of HI
40.6-2021 in the circulator pump test procedure because circulator
pumps are IL pumps and are not vertical turbine or submersible pumps.
As such, the test provisions applicable to vertical turbine and
submersible pumps described in section 40.6.4.1 and section 40.6.4.2 of
HI 40.6-2021 would not apply to the circulator pump test procedure.
Additionally, section 40.6.5.5.2 of HI 40.6-2021, ``Speed of
rotation during test,'' requires that the speed of rotation to
establish flow rate, pump total head, and power input be within the
range of 80 percent to 120 percent of the rated speed. However, in the
proposed circulated pump test procedure, rated or nominal speeds are
not relevant, as DOE is not proposing that speed be measured as part of
the test procedure. Similarly, section 40.6.6.1, ``Translation of test
results to the specified speed of rotation,'' describes the method by
which tested data can be translated to the rated speed of rotation for
subsequent calculations and reporting purposes. As DOE is not proposing
that speed be measured as part of this circulator pump test procedure,
translation of tested results based on speed is not necessary. As a
result, DOE is not proposing to reference sections 40.6.5.5.2 and
40.6.6.1 (including 40.6.6.1.1) of HI 40.6-2021. This is consistent
with the exclusions for circulator pump testing in Appendix E of HI
40.6-2021.
DOE also proposes to exclude section 40.6.5.3, ``Test report,''
that provides requirements regarding reporting of test results and
Appendix B, ``Reporting of test results,'' that refers to DOE's
existing reporting requirements at 10 CFR 429.59 for general pumps,
both of which are not required for testing and rating circulator pumps
in accordance with DOE's procedure. Specifically, the updated appendix
B references specific reporting requirements established in the general
pumps test procedure, of which not all specifications are applicable to
circulator pumps. DOE would propose specific certification and
reporting requirements for circulator pumps as part of an energy
conservation standard rulemaking, should such standards be
proposed.\28\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ For more information on any energy conservation standard
rulemaking for circulator pumps see Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, DOE proposes to exclude Appendix G, ``DOE compared to HI
40.6 nomenclature,'' which refers to nomenclature used by DOE in the
general pumps test procedure (appendix A to subpart Y of 10 CFR part
431), and is not in all cases consistent with the terminology used in
the proposed circulator pump test procedure.
In summary, for the reasons stated previously, DOE is not proposing
to reference sections 40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2,
40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1, Appendix B, and Appendix G of HI 40.6-2021 as
part of the DOE test procedure for circulator pumps.
In addition, DOE notes that Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 includes
modifications to testing in section 40.6.5.5.1 and 40.6.6.3, as
discussed in section III.E.2.c of this NOPR. DOE is proposing to
reference HI 40.6-2021 inclusive of Appendix E and the modifications
therein.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to not reference sections
40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1,
Appendix B, and Appendix G of HI 40.6-2021 as part of the DOE test
procedure for circulator pumps.
b. Testing Twin Head Circulator Pumps and Circulators-Less-Volute
A twin head circulator pump is a type of circulator pump that
contains two impeller assemblies, mounted in two volutes that share a
single inlet and discharge in a common casing. HI 40.6-2014 does not
specify the procedures for testing twin head circulator pumps. In the
May 2021 RFI, DOE noted that the CPWG recommended that to test twin
head circulator pumps, one of the two impeller assemblies is to be
incorporated into an adequate, single impeller volute and casing. An
adequate, single impeller volute and casing means a volute and casing
for which any physical and functional characteristics that affect
energy consumption and energy efficiency are essentially identical to
their corresponding characteristics for a single impeller in the twin
head circulator pump volute and casing. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, No. 58 Recommendation #11 at p. 9); 86 FR 24516, 24526-24527.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought comment on whether the
[[Page 72122]]
recommendation for testing twin-head circulator pumps had been
adequately addressed in HI 40.6-2021. 86 FR 24516, 24527. HI stated
that in HI 41.5-2021, section 41.5.3 specifies the testing of twin head
pumps and refers to HI 40.6 as the testing standard to be used. HI also
noted that in section 41.5.1.5.1, the approach for testing twin head
circulator pumps aligns with Recommendation #11 from the CPWG. (HI, No.
112 at p. 5) Grundfos commented that HI 40.6 does not directly address
twin[hyphen]head or volute[hyphen]less products and that DOE would need
to specify the testing requirements for these product variants.
Grundfos further commented that HI 41.5.3 does identify how to test a
twin[hyphen]head circulator pump and is aligned with the current
twin[hyphen]head testing process that DOE established for IL products
in 10 CFR part 431 subpart Y. (Grundfos, No. 113 at p. 5)
DOE has reviewed the test specification for twin head circulator
pumps and proposes the test specifications recommended by the CPWG for
twin head circulator pumps, which is consistent with section 41.5.3 of
HI 41.5-2021 and with stakeholder comments. This proposed treatment of
twin head circulator pumps would be consistent with the treatment of
twin head pumps in the general pumps test procedure at appendix A to
subpart Y of part 431.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test procedure for twin head
circulator pumps.
As discussed in section III.B.4, a circulator-less-volute is a
circulator pump with a complete motor that is sold without a volute,
but for which a paired volute is available in commerce from a
manufacturer. HI 40.6-2014 did not specify procedures for testing
circulators-less-volute. As stated in the May 2021 RFI, the CPWG
recommended that to test circulators-less-volute, the circulator-less-
volute should be paired with the specific volute(s) with which the
circulator pump is advertised to be paired, based on manufacturer's
literature, to determine the CEI rating for each circulator-less-volute
and volute combination. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #12 at p. 9); 86 FR 24516, 24527.
In the May 2021 RFI, DOE sought comment on whether the
recommendation for circulators-less-volute had been adequately
addressed in HI 40.6-2021. 86 FR 24516, 24527. Grundfos stated that HI
40.6 does not directly address volute-less products and that DOE would
need to define the testing requirements for this product variant. For
testing of circulating pumps without volutes, Grundfos stated that a
``reference volute'' can be used for testing purposes, in which the
manufacturer defines the volute to be used during testing, and that
this same process is used in the regulated EU market. (Grundfos, No.
113 at p. 1-2, 5) China stated that the test method of circulator-less-
volute pumps has not been specified and that DOE should define the test
method for these pumps. (China, No. 111 at p. 3)
DOE notes that HI 41.5-2021 does not address circulators-less-
volute. As such, DOE is proposing instructions for testing circulators-
less-volute. Specifically, consistent with CPWG recommendations and
Grundfos' comment, DOE proposes that the circulator-less-volute would
be paired with specific volute(s) with which the circulator-less-volute
is offered for sale or advertised to be paired with, and that the
combination would be subject to the proposed applicable DOE test
procedure for that circulator-less-volute model.
DOE recognizes that circulators-less-volute may be offered for sale
or advertised to be paired with multiple volutes, and that each
combination may have a different CEI. Since each of these volutes may
impact the CEI rating, each volute and circulator-less-volute pairing
would represent a unique pairing. Therefore, DOE proposes that the CEI
for each volute and circulator-less-volute pairing be determined
separately. In the context of other equipment, DOE provides that
manufacturers may elect to group similar individual models within the
same equipment class into the same basic model to reduce testing
burden, provided all representations regarding the energy use of
individual models within that basic model are identical and based on
the most consumptive unit. See 76 FR 12422, 12429 (Mar. 7, 2011). DOE
proposes to allow manufacturers of circulator pumps to group similar
volute and circulator-less-volute pairings within a given basic model
rating to minimize testing burden, while still ensuring that the CEI
rating is representative of minimum efficiency or maximum energy
consumption of the group. Circulator-less-volute manufacturers could
opt to make representations of the CEI of each individual circulator-
less-volute and volute combination, or could elect to make CEI
representations regarding a circulator-less-volute combined with
several individual volutes and rate the group with the same
representative CEI value, which would be representative of the least
efficient model.
DOE requests comment on the proposed test procedure for
circulators-less-volute. Specifically, DOE seeks comment as to any
additional details that should be addressed in testing a circulator-
less-volute with any given volute to determine applicable CEI values.
c. Determination of Circulator Pump Driver Power Input at Specified
Flow Rates
The CPWG recommended that for single speed circulator pumps, the
measured input power and flow data corresponding to the load points
from 60 percent of expected BEP flow to 120 percent of expected BEP
flow be linearly regressed and the input power at the specific load
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow be determined from
that regression equation. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #10 at p. 8) Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 provides the
following testing modifications for circulator pumps, which differ from
the CPWG recommendations:
Section 40.6.5.5.1 Test procedure--A minimum of nine test
points shall be taken for all performance tests. Points are to be
selected at approximately 10 percent, 25 percent, 40 percent, 60
percent, 75 percent, 90 percent, 100 percent, 110 percent, and 120
percent of the flow rate at the expected BEP of the circulator pump.
Section 40.6.6.3 Performance curve--Determine the pump
total head versus flow rate curve only based on a polynomial of the 6th
order.
Section 40.6.6.3 Performance curve--Determine the driver
power input at 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent of
BEP based on a 3rd order polynomial curve of best fit of the tested
values (as specified in Section 40.6.5.5.1) at 10 percent, 25 percent,
40 percent, 60 percent, 75 percent, 90 percent, 100 percent, 110
percent, and 120 percent of expected BEP flow rate.
In response to the May 2021 RFI, China commented that the seven
test points (i.e., 40, 60, 75, 90, 100 and 120 percent of the flow rate
at the expected BEP of the pump) in section 40.6.5.5.1 are
approximately selected, and that these selected points are different
from those of PEI. China recommended that DOE clarify the basis of the
selection of these seven points. (China, No. 111 at p. 3)
DOE notes that Appendix E to HI 40.6-2021 has modified the
provision referenced by China. DOE has reviewed Appendix E and
determined that unlike general pumps, which require load points at 75,
100, 110, and 120 percent
[[Page 72123]]
of BEP flow, Appendix E requires determining the driver power input at
25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow. If DOE were to define the
lowest test point as 40 percent, the lowest required drive power input
point (25 percent) would fall outside the range of tested points (i.e.,
40 percent to 120 percent). Whereas, if DOE were to define the lowest
test point as 10 percent, the lowest required drive power input point
(25 percent) would fall withing the range of tested points (i.e., 10
percent to 120 percent). DOE tentatively concludes that specifying a
test range, which is broader than the range for which driver power
input must be determined, through the use of a mathematical regression
would result in more accurate driver power input values than a test
range that is narrower than the range for which driver power input must
be determined. Therefore, DOE has preliminarily determined that it is
appropriate, consistent with Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021, to require
test points starting at 10 percent rather than a higher value such as
40 percent or 60 percent of expected BEP flow. Therefore, DOE proposes
to rely on the modified test points in Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021. DOE
notes that Appendix E also specifies curve fitting using specific
polynomial curves of best fit (6th order for head versus flow and 3rd
order for power versus flow). DOE has no reason to believe that these
curves are not appropriate, and as such, proposes to rely on the curve
fitting in Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the provisions in
Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 for determining circulator pump driver power
input at specified flow rates, including whether these provisions are
more appropriate than those recommended by the CPWG.
DOE notes that the procedure specified in section 40.6.6.3 and
Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 is applicable for test points gathered at
maximum speed, but the other test points proposed for circulator pumps
with pressure controls, temperature controls, manual speed controls,
and external input signal controls are not specified in HI 40.6-2016.
For circulator pumps with pressure controls, temperature controls,
manual speed controls, and external input signal controls, the general
test procedure consists of ``sweeping'' the maximum speed curve (i.e.,
taking measurements at flow intervals along the head/flow curve
associated with maximum pump speed) to determine BEP, adjusting the
pump to the determined BEP at maximum speed, and then adjusting the
speed of the pump according to the applicable control or reference
system curve to achieve the specified load points at 25, 50, 75 percent
of BEP flow at reduced speed. As such, for these test points, unlike
the test points at maximum speed derived from the data collected to
determine BEP, manufacturers would adjust the operation of the pump to
specifically achieve the load points at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow, as applicable. Due to experimental uncertainty the specific
test points measured in the test protocol may not be exactly at 25, 50,
75, or 100 percent of the BEP flow load points specified in the test
procedure and, thus, the relevant power input measurements must be
adjusted to reflect the power input at the specific load points
specified in the test procedure. DOE notes that HI 40.6-2021 does not
specify the tolerances around which the specified flow values must be
achieved or how to adjust the test points to the specified load points,
accounting for such experimental tolerance.
The CPWG recommended that for circulator pumps with pressure
controls, manual speed controls, temperature controls, and external
input signal controls, all tested flow values must be within 10 percent of the target flow load points as specified by the
reference system curve. In addition, the CPWG recommended that the
tested driver input power should be adjusted to the specified flow and
head points, except that any head values that are above the reference
system curve by more than 10 percent should not be adjusted. The CPWG
also clarified that, in their recommendation, if the tested head value
is below the reference curve by more than 10 percent, the circulator
pump must be retested. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58
Recommendation #10 at p. 8) While not specifically recommended, the
CPWG discussed adjusting the test points proportionally, consistent
with the method for adjusting reduced speed test points adopted in the
January 2016 TP final rule. See 81 FR 4086, 4155-4156 (Jan. 25, 2016);
(Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 70 at pp. 325-328)
HI 41.5-2021 includes certain modifications to these provisions, as
noted by HI in their comments. Specifically, under HI 41.5-2021, all
tested flow values must be within 5 percent of the target
flow load points as specified by the reference system curve. (HI 41.5-
2021 section 41.5.3.4.2 #3c, 41.5.3.4.3, 41.5.3.4.4.1-2, 41.5.3.45) HI
stated that this change limits the pump efficiency ranges allowed for a
given test point and minimizes variation in CEI values for a given
test. In addition, any head values that are above the reference system
curve (including within 10 percent) are not adjusted. HI stated that
this change eliminates a discontinuity in CEI values when transitioning
between corrected and uncorrected values and allows for better
representation of pump CEI. Finally, for pressure control and manual
speed control, tested head is allowed to be below the reference curve
and corrected back to the reference curve. HI stated that this change
eliminates the need for all control curves to exist above the reference
curve allowing for a better representation of control curves used in
the market and for the circulator pump CEI values to better represent a
pump's capabilities. (HI, No. 112 at p.2) These provisions are found
throughout each of the individual control variety test methods in HI
41.5; a summary is available in 41.5.1. As stated previously, HI, NEEA,
the CA IOUs, and the Advocates supported use of HI 41.5-2021. (HI, No.
112 at p. 2; NEEA, No. 115 at p. 4, Advocates, No. 114 at p. 1, CA
IOUs, No. 116 at p. 2).
DOE interprets HI 41.5-2021's updated provision to reduce the
tested flow tolerance to 5 percent of the target flow load
points as an indication that this tolerance has been achievable in
tests.
DOE notes that HI's comment and the Introduction to HI 41.5-2021
(section 41.5.1) state that correction of power to the reference curve
above the reference curve has been removed. However, in section
41.5.3.4.2 (pressure speed control) and 41.5.3.4.5 (manual speed
control), the test method says ``Adjust measured driver input power to
the specific flow and head points as defined in [the reference curve],
except do not adjust for head values when head is at or above the
reference curve.'' This indicates that driver input power measured
above the reference curve should still be adjusted based on deviation
from the flow point. In addition, section 41.5.3.4.3 (temperature speed
control) and 41.5.3.4.4 (external input signal speed control) still
retain the provision not to adjust for head values that are above the
reference curve by more than 10 percent.
DOE proposes to incorporate the provisions in HI 41.5-2021, rather
than removing all correction of power measured above the reference
curve for all test methods. DOE believes that correction for flow
points within the tolerance is still appropriate. If stakeholders
comment that the test methods in HI 41.5-2021 have been implemented
incorrectly and that all correction of power above the reference
[[Page 72124]]
curve should be removed, and provide accompanying support, DOE will
consider adopting the provisions in HI 41.5-2021. DOE understands that
artificially adjusting head values significantly above the reference
system curve back to the reference system curve would result in an
unrepresentative CEI rating.
DOE notes that in the case that the tested head value is within 10
percent of the reference system curve, it is likely that the tested
circulator pump could achieve the specified flow and head values along
the reference system curve and that the deviation in head, in this
case, would likely be due to experimental uncertainty. DOE notes that
unlike pressure controls and manual speed controls, circulator pumps
with temperature controls and circulator pumps with external input
signal controls should be able to match the required speed to meet the
exact head values at each flow rate described by the reference system
curve. Therefore, DOE believes that continuing to adjust for head
values within 10 percent above the reference curve would not be likely
to cause any discontinuity in CEI for these control methods.
Regarding permitting testing below the reference curve for pressure
control and manual speed control, DOE proposes these changes to the
CPWG recommendations in sections III.D.3 and III.D.5 of this document.
DOE also agrees that given testing below the curve would be permitted,
the measured test points should be corrected back to the reference
curve, as included in HI 41.5-2021.
DOE notes that the proposed load points are specified with a
discrete flow value (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and/or 100 percent of BEP flow)
and, for temperature control and external input signal controls, a
minimum head value (i.e., at or above the reference system curve).
Therefore, as proposed the flow values must be achieved within 5 percent and, for temperature controls and external input signal
controls, the tested head values must not be more than 10 percent below
the reference system curve. Any test point with a flow value that is
more than 5 percent away from the specified value or, for
temperature controls and external input signal controls, a head value
is more than 10 percent below the reference system curve would be
invalid and, therefore, must be retested.
DOE also proposes to adjust the tested driver input power values
for all relevant test points for circulator pumps with temperature and
external input signal controls using the methods adopted in the January
2016 TP final rule and discussed by the Circulator Pump Working Group.
Specifically, DOE proposes that if the tested flow values are within
5 percent of the flow load point specified by the reference
system curve and the head values are within 10 percent of
the head load points specified by the reference system curve, the
tested driver input power values would be proportionally adjusted to
the specified flow and head points, as shown in equation (12):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.013
Where:
PR,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
DOE also proposes that for pressure controls and manual speed
controls, if the tested flow values are within 5 percent of
the flow load point specified by the reference system curve and the
tested head values are below the head load points specified by the
reference system curve, the tested driver power input values would be
proportionally adjusted to the specified flow and heat points as shown
in equation (12).
Finally, DOE proposes, consistent with the recommendations of the
CPWG and the modifications in HI 41.5-2021, that for temperature
controls and external input signal controls, if the tested head values
are above the reference system curve by more than 10 percent, or for
pressure controls and manual speed controls, if the tested head values
are above the reference system curve at all, only the flow values would
be proportionally adjusted to the specified value, as shown in equation
(13):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.014
Where:
PR,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
With regards to the test points to which the tolerance and
adjustment methods are applicable, DOE notes that the CPWG recommended
that ``all'' test points for circulator pumps with pressure controls,
temperature controls, manual speed controls, or external input signal
controls apply the specified tolerances and adjustment methods. (Docket
No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #10 at pp. 8-9)
However, DOE believes that the curve fitting method for determining
driver power input at the specified load points at maximum speed is
more applicable and less burdensome for many of the maximum speed test
points than requiring retesting along the maximum
[[Page 72125]]
speed curve to achieve those test points within 10 percent.
Specifically, for manual speed controls and external input signal
controls in addition to other control varieties, as discussed in detail
in section III.D, the proposed test methods and CEI calculation methods
require load points be determined at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP
flow along the maximum speed curve, as well as at 25, 50, and 75
percent of BEP flow at reduced speeds. For the test points at reduced
speed, DOE believes, as recommended by the CPWG, the proposed
tolerances and proportional adjustment would be applicable. However,
for the test points at 25, 50, and 75 percent of maximum speed, DOE
believes that it would be less burdensome and more consistent with the
proposed testing of circulator pumps with no controls to determine such
test points via curve fitting of the BEP test data at maximum speed.
DOE believes this is consistent with section 41.5.3.4.4.2 and
41.5.3.4.5 of HI 41.5-2021. With regard to the test point at 100
percent of BEP flow and maximum speed, DOE notes that, in order to test
such circulator pump models, the circulator pump must be adjusted to a
test point at 100 percent of BEP flow and maximum speed before reducing
the speed in accordance with the control logic to achieve the reduced
speed values. As such, DOE believes that using the tested value at 100
percent of BEP flow and maximum speed as opposed to the value
determined via curve fitting would be more accurate and would not
increase the burden of the testing. DOE notes that this proposal is
inconsistent with HI 41.5-2021, which includes the 100 percent point as
part of the points determined by curve fitting, rather than as a
measured test point. DOE requests comment on this deviation. Table
III.3 summarizes the proposed applicability of the different adjustment
methods to the various test points for each circulator pump variety.
Table III.3--Summary of Applicable Adjustment Method for Different Test
Points for All Control Varieties
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test points that
must be achieved
Test points that within any specified
Control variety would be determined tolerance and would
via curve fitting be determined via
proportional
adjustment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pressure controls........... None................ All (25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of BEP
flow).
Temperature Controls........ None................ All (25, 50, 75, and
100 percent of BEP
flow).
Manual Speed Controls....... 25, 50, and 75 25, 50, and 75
percent of BEP flow percent of BEP flow
at maximum speed. at reduced speed
and 100 percent of
BEP flow at maximum
speed.
External Input Signal 25, 50, and 75 25, 50, and 75
Controls. percent of BEP flow percent of BEP flow
at maximum speed. at reduced speed
and 100 percent of
BEP flow at maximum
speed.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE requests comment on the proposal that for circulator pumps with
pressure and manual speed controls, if all the tested flow values are
within 5 percent of the flow load points specified by the
reference curve and tested head values are below the head load points
specified by the reference curve, the tested driver power input values
would be proportionally adjusted to the specified flow and head points.
If the tested head values are above the reference system curve, only
the flow values would be proportionally adjusted to the specified
value. DOE requests comment on whether HI intended to remove all power
correction (including flow correction) above the reference curve for
pumps with pressure and manual speed controls.
DOE requests comment on the proposal that for temperature and
external input signal controls, if all the tested flow values are
within 5 percent of the flow load points specified by the
reference system curve and all the tested head values are within 10 percent of the head load points specified by the reference
system curve, the tested driver power input values would be
proportionally adjusted to the specified flow and head points. If the
tested head values are above the reference system curve by more than 10
percent, only the flow values would be proportionally adjusted to the
specified value. DOE requests comment on whether HI intended to remove
all power correction above the reference curve for temperature and
external input signal controls.
DOE also requests comment on the proposed applicability of the
tolerance and proportional adjustment method to the various test
points, as compared to the curve fitting method, based on circulator
pump control variety. DOE particularly requests comment on which
category is most appropriate for the 100 percent of BEP flow point.
d. Calculation and Rounding Modifications and Additions
DOE notes that HI 40.6-2014 did not specify how to round values for
calculation and reporting purposes. DOE recognizes that the manner in
which values are rounded can affect the resulting CEI and CEI values
should be reported with the same number of significant digits.
Therefore, to improve the consistency of calculations, the CPWG
recommended that that all calculations be performed with the raw
measured data, to ensure accuracy, and that the resultant
PERCIRC and PEICIRC be rounded to 3 significant
figures. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation #10
at p. 8) DOE notes that neither HI 40.6-2021 nor HI 41.5-2021 include
any rounding provisions.
DOE agrees with the CPWG regarding its recommendation to perform
all calculations with the raw measured data and to round the resultant
CER, CEI, and other relevant measurements and calculations in a
standardized manner. In the established provisions for general pumps,
PEI is rounded to the nearest hundredths place (i.e., 0.01). See
section I.D.3 of appendix A to subpart Y of part 431. To be consistent
with the general pumps provisions, DOE proposes to round CER to three
significant figures and to round CEI to the nearest hundredths place.
Additionally, DOE proposes to calculate relevant non-energy metrics
using the raw measured data and to round to the following: BEP flow at
maximum speed and BEP head at maximum speed values to three significant
figures; real power, true RMS current, and true RMS voltage values to
the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and hydraulic horsepower and true power
factor values to the hundredths place unless otherwise specified.
DOE requests comment on the proposal that all calculations be
performed with the raw measured data, to ensure accuracy, and to round
CER, BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP head at maximum speed values to
three significant figures; real power, true RMS
[[Page 72126]]
current, and true RMS voltage values the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and
CEI, hydraulic horsepower, and true power factor values to the
hundredths place (i.e., 0.01).
3. Rated Hydraulic Horsepower
As discussed in section III.B.2, the proposed definitions of dry
rotor, two-piece circulator pumps and dry rotor, three-piece circulator
pumps each contain a clause that the pump must have a rated hydraulic
power less than or equal to 5 hp at BEP at full impeller diameter.
Accordingly, DOE proposes nomenclature to consistently refer to and
categorize dry rotor circulator pumps based on the hydraulic horsepower
they can produce at BEP and full impeller diameter, as measured in
accordance with the proposed circulator pump test procedure. DOE notes
that hydraulic horsepower (termed pump power output \29\) is defined in
HI 40.6-2021, which DOE proposes to incorporate by reference (see
section III.E.1). HI 40.6-2021 also contains a test method for
determining pump power output. However, HI 40.6-2021 includes methods
for determining pump power output at any load point.
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\29\ The term ``pump power output'' in HI 40.6 is defined as
``the mechanical power transferred to the liquid as it passes
through the pump, also known as pump hydraulic power.'' It is used
synonymously with ``hydraulic horsepower'' in this document.
However, where hydraulic horsepower is used to reference the size of
a dry rotor circulator pump, it refers to the rated hydraulic
horsepower.
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To specify the pump power characteristic that DOE proposes to use
to describe the size of dry rotor circulator pumps, DOE proposes to
introduce a new term, the ``rated hydraulic horsepower,'' that is
identified as the measured hydraulic horsepower at BEP and full
impeller diameter for the rated pump. DOE believes that measuring and
reporting rated hydraulic horsepower at BEP and full impeller diameter
for each dry rotor circulator pump variety would result in the most
consistent determination of applicability of this circulator pump test
procedure.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower, identified as the measured hydraulic horsepower at BEP and
full impeller diameter for the rated pump, as the primary standardized
metric to determine the scope of applicability of dry rotor circulator
pumps in this circulator pump test procedure.
F. Sampling Plan and Enforcement Provisions for Circulator Pumps
For determining the proposed representative values (i.e., both the
proposed energy- and non-energy-related metrics) for each basic model,
DOE proposes that manufacturers must use a statistical sampling plan of
tested data, consistent with the sampling plan for pumps that is
currently specified at 10 CFR 429.59. In addition, DOE is proposing
specific enforcement procedures that DOE would follow when testing
equipment to verify compliance of any circulator pump basic model. The
following sections III.F.1 and III.F.2 discuss DOE's proposed sampling
plan and enforcement provisions for circulator pumps.
1. Sampling Plan
DOE provides, in subpart B to 10 CFR part 429, sampling plans for
covered equipment. The purpose of a statistical sampling plan is to
provide a method to determine representative values of energy- and non-
energy-related metrics, for each basic model. In the January 2016 TP
final rule, DOE adopted sampling provisions applicable to pumps that
were similar to those used for other commercial and industrial
equipment. 81 FR 4086, 4135-4136 (Jan. 25, 2016). See also 10 CFR
429.59.
For circulator pumps, DOE proposes to adopt statistical sampling
plans similar to that adopted for pumps. That is, DOE proposes to amend
10 CFR 429.59 to require that, for each basic model of pump (including
circulator pumps), a sample of sufficient size must be randomly
selected and tested to ensure that any representative value of CEI or
other measure of energy consumption of a basic model for which
customers would favor lower values is greater than or equal to the
lower of the following two values:
(1) The mean of the sample, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.015
and x is the sample mean, n is the number of samples, and
xi is the maximum of the i\th\ sample;
Or,
(2) The upper 95 percent confidence limit (UCL) of the true mean
divided by 1.05, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.016
and x is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation, n is
the number of samples, and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of subpart B of 10 CFR part 429).
Under this proposal, for purposes of certification testing, the
determination that a basic model complies with the applicable energy
conservation standard would be based on testing conducted using the
proposed DOE test procedure and sampling plan. The general sampling
requirement currently applicable to all covered products and equipment
provides that a sample of sufficient size must be randomly selected and
tested to ensure compliance and that, unless otherwise specified, a
minimum of two units must be tested to certify a basic model as
compliant. 10 CFR 429.11(a)-(b).
DOE proposes to apply this same minimum sample size requirement to
circulator pumps. Thus, if a statistical sampling plan is used, DOE
proposes that a sample of sufficient size be selected to ensure
compliance and that at least two units must be tested to determine the
representative values of applicable metrics for each basic model.
Manufacturers may need to test a sample of more than two units
depending on the variability of their sample, as provided by the
statistical sampling plan.
DOE notes that the proposed sampling provisions would be applicable
to all energy-related metrics for which each manufacturer elected to
make representations. DOE believes that, similar to other pumps, a UCL
of 0.95 divided by a de-rating factor of 1.05 would also be applicable
to circulator pumps, based on the variability inherent in the test
procedure and manufacturing variability among units within a given
model. Specifically, DOE notes that the proposed circulator pump test
procedure is based on the same fundamental test standard (i.e., HI
40.6-2021), with identical equipment accuracy requirements and test
tolerances. In addition, DOE believes circulator pumps would realize
similar performance variability to other commercial and industrial
equipment, such as general pumps and dedicate-purpose pool pumps, based
on a statistical analysis conducted by DOE discussed in section III.F.2
of this document.
In addition to CEI, the rated hydraulic horsepower would also be an
important characteristic for determining the applicability of the
proposed test procedure to a given circulator pump model. Specifically,
rated hydraulic horsepower would determine the scope of applicability
of the proposed test procedure for dry-rotor close-coupled circulator
pump and dry-rotor mechanically-coupled circulator pump (see section
III.B.2). DOE proposes that the representative value of rated
[[Page 72127]]
hydraulic horsepower be determined as the average of all the tested
units that serve as the basis for the rated efficiency for that basic
model. Similarly, the true power factor and the flow and head at BEP at
each load point are important characteristics that may aid utilities in
crafting incentive programs regarding circulator pumps or aid customers
in properly selecting circulator pumps. As discussed in section
III.E.1, DOE notes that HI 40.6-2021 specifies measurement equipment
for determining the circulator pump performance characteristics of true
RMS current, true RMS voltage, input power, and the flow and head at
BEP at each load point. Additionally, as discussed in section III.E.1,
DOE discussed how to calculate true power factor based on the
measurements of true RMS current, true RMS voltage, and real power. To
ensure such values are determined in a consistent manner, DOE also
proposes that true RMS current, true RMS voltage, true power factor,
input power, and the flow and head at BEP at each load point be
determined based on the average of the test results, for each metric,
from all the tested units that serve as the basis for the rating for
that basic model.
Finally, consistent with provisions for other commercial and
industrial equipment, DOE notes the applicability of certain
requirements regarding retention of certain information related to the
testing and certification of circulator pumps, which are detailed under
10 CFR 429.71. Generally, manufacturers must establish, maintain, and
retain certification and test information, including underlying test
data for all certification testing for 2 years from the date on which
the circulator pump model is discontinued in commerce.
DOE requests comment on the proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification requirements for circulator pumps.
2. Enforcement Provisions
Enforcement provisions govern the process DOE would follow when
performing an assessment of basic model compliance with standards, as
described under subpart C of 10 CFR part 429. Specifically, subpart C
of 10 CFR part 429 describes the notification requirements, legal
processes, penalties, specific prohibited acts, and testing protocols
related to testing covered equipment to determine or verify compliance
with standards. DOE proposes that the same general enforcement
provisions contained in subpart C of 10 CFR part 429 would be
applicable to circulator pumps.
Related to enforcement testing of circulator pumps, as specified in
10 CFR 429.110(e)(1), DOE proposes that it would conduct the applicable
circulator pump test procedure, once adopted, to determine the CEI for
tested circulator pump models. In this rulemaking, DOE is proposing
circulator-pump specific enforcement testing provisions for 10 CFR
429.134.\30\ Specifically, if a manufacturer did not certify a control
setting, DOE would test the circulator pump model using the no controls
test method if no controls were available, or if controls are
available, DOE would test using the test method for any one of the
available control varieties on board.
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\30\ DOE intends to propose certification requirements in a
separate energy conservation standards rulemaking.
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DOE requests comment on how, absent information on the tested
control method for a basic model, DOE should determine which test
method to conduct.
The CPWG recommended that for pressure controls, manufacturers
choose the factory control logic to test, report the control setting
used for rating, and report the method of control (automatic speed
adjustment, manual speed adjustment, or simulated pressure signal
adjustment). (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004, No. 58 Recommendation
#9 at p. 7) However, DOE proposes that it would test using the
specified control curve, but would always use the automatic control
option for testing of pressure controls, to ensure that any rated CEI
is representative of commercially available performance, as distributed
in commerce (see section III.D.3). In addition, for circulator pumps
rated with adaptive pressure controls, DOE proposes to test the
circulator pump using the manual control option that results in the
lowest head values at each test point below maximum speed. This would
ensure that, if the minimum head thresholds are not accessible via the
commercially available control with which the pump is distributed in
commerce, a representative CEI can still be obtained for the compliance
of that circulator pump to be assessed. If a specified control curve is
not available, DOE proposes to test using any control that meets the
requirements specified in the pressure control test method. DOE would
consider adopting more specific provisions in the final rule given
feedback on the most appropriate selection criteria.
For manual speed controls and external input signal controls, the
CPWG recommended testing at the lowest speed setting that will achieve
a head at or above the reference curve. (Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-
0004, No. 58 Recommendation #9 at p. 7-8) As discussed in section
III.D.6, this requirement has been removed in HI 41.5-2021. For
external input signal controls and temperature controls, DOE proposes
that it would conduct enforcement testing with this provision. DOE
understands that if manual speed control testing is allowed below the
reference curve, this provision would not be applicable to
certification testing. However, to provide certainty as to how DOE
would conduct enforcement testing DOE proposes to specify that it would
conduct testing using the speed setting closest to each of the head
points specified by the reference system curve (above or below).
DOE requests comment on the proposed product-specific enforcement
testing provisions for circulator pumps, particularly with regard to
the appropriate control curve for pressure controls (when not
specified) and the appropriate speed settings for other control
methods.
In addition, DOE believes that, as circulator pumps have relatively
large shipments and are generally a high-volume piece of equipment, DOE
should apply the enforcement testing sample size and calculations
applicable to consumer products and certain high-volume commercial
equipment specified in appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part 429.
Therefore, DOE proposes to use, when determining performance for a
specific basic model, the enforcement testing sample size,
calculations, and procedures laid out in appendix A to subpart C of 10
CFR part 429 for consumer products and certain high-volume commercial
equipment. These procedures, in general, provide that DOE would test an
initial sample of at least 4 units and determine the mean CEI value and
standard error of the sample. DOE would then compare these values to
the CEI standard level, once adopted, to determine the compliance of
the basic model or if additional testing (up to a total of 21 units) is
required to make a compliance determination with sufficient confidence.
DOE notes that this proposal differs from the enforcement testing
sample size and calculations for DOE adopted for general pumps in the
January 2016 TP final rule. Specifically, in the January 2016 TP final
rule, DOE adopted provisions at 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5) \31\ stating that
DOE would
[[Page 72128]]
assess compliance of any pump basic models undergoing enforcement
testing based on the arithmetic mean of up to four units. 81 FR 4086,
4121 (Jan. 25, 2016). In the August 2017 DPPP TP final rule, DOE also
adopted the enforcement testing sample provisions in appendix A and
clarified that the enforcement provisions adopted in the January 2016
TP final rule and specified at 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5) are only applicable
to those pumps subject to the test procedure adopted in the January
2016 TP final rule. 82 FR 36858, 36910. DOE believes that circulator
pumps should be treated similarly to DPPP because of the shipments and
high volume of the equipment.
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\31\ DOE notes that the 2016 general pumps TP final rule were
originally adopted into 10 CFR 429.110(e)(1)(iv), but a recent
rulemaking for battery chargers reorganized the enforcement
provisions for various equipment, including pumps, to place the pump
enforcement provisions in 10 CFR 429.110(e)(5). 81 FR 31827, 31841
(May 20, 2016).
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DOE requests comment on the proposal to apply to circulator pumps
the enforcement testing sample size, calculations, and procedures laid
out in appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part 429.
In addition, the rated hydraulic horsepower would be necessary to
determine the scope of applicability of the test procedure to certain
circulator pump varieties (i.e., dry-rotor close-coupled circulator
pump and dry-rotor mechanically-coupled circulator pump, see section
III.B.2). Therefore, DOE is also proposing specific procedures to
determine the rated hydraulic horsepower of tested circulator pumps
when verifying compliance. When determining compliance of any units
tested for enforcement purposes, DOE proposes that, if the rated
hydraulic horsepower determined through DOE's testing (either the
measured rated hydraulic horsepower for a single unit sample or the
average of the measured rated hydraulic horsepower values for a
multiple unit sample) is within 5 percent of the certified value of
rated hydraulic horsepower, then DOE would use the certified value of
rated hydraulic horsepower as the basis for determining the scope of
applicability for that circulator pump model. However, if DOE's tested
value of hydraulic horsepower is not within 5 percent of the certified
value of hydraulic horsepower, DOE would use the arithmetic mean of all
the hydraulic horsepower values resulting from DOE's testing when
determining the scope of applicability for the circulator pump model.
DOE believes such an approach would result in more reproducible and
equitable compliance determinations among DOE, manufacturers, and test
labs.
The 5 percent tolerance on hydraulic horsepower is based on a
statistical analysis DOE conducted of the maximum allowed testing
uncertainty due to fluctuations in measurements, measurement
uncertainty, and the typical manufacturing uncertainty. The maximum
experimental uncertainty is discussed in HI 40.6-2021, which DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference in the DOE test procedure (section
III.E.1). DOE estimated the manufacturing variability based on the
maximum tolerances on head and flow that are allowed in the ANSI/HI
14.6-2011 standard tolerance grade 1B. Specifically, ANSI/HI 14.6-2011
requires that the tested flow be within 5 percent of the
pump performance curve and the tested head be within 3
percent of the pump performance curve for the acceptance grade 1B. DOE
recognizes that these are all worst-case uncertainties and that testing
a unit with the maximum possible variability in every parameter would
be extremely unlikely. Therefore, DOE assumed that the maximum
uncertainty would represent a worst case. For the purposes of analysis,
DOE assumed the maximum uncertainty was three standard deviations away
from the mean (encompassing 99.7 percent of the population) and
conducting the analysis assuming a tolerance of one standard deviation.
DOE seeks comment upon the applicability of a 5 percent tolerance
on hydraulic horsepower for each tested circulator pump model or if a
higher or lower percentage variation would be justified.
G. Representations of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency
Manufacturers of circulator pumps within the scope of the proposed
circulator pump test procedure, if finalized, would be required to use
the test procedures proposed in this rulemaking when making
representations about the energy efficiency or energy use of their
equipment. Specifically, 42 U.S.C. 6314(d) provides that ``no
manufacturer . . . may make any representation . . . respecting the
energy consumption of such equipment or cost of energy consumed by such
equipment, unless such equipment has been tested in accordance with
such test procedure and such representation fairly discloses the
results of such testing.''
If made final, the proposed test procedure would not require
manufacturers to test the subject circulator pumps. However, beginning
180 days after publication of a final rule that adopts a test procedure
for circulator pumps, any voluntary representations as to the energy
efficiency or energy use of a subject circulator pump would be required
to be based on the DOE test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d))
With respect to representations, generally, DOE understands that
manufacturers often make representations (graphically or in numerical
form) of energy use metrics, including overall (wire-to-water)
efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower) and may make these representations at a variety of
different load points or operating speeds. DOE proposes to allow
manufacturers to continue making these representations. In order to
ensure consistent and standardized representations across the pump
industry and to ensure such representations are not in conflict with
the reported CEI for any given circulator pump model, DOE proposes to
establish testing procedures for these parameters that are part of the
DOE test procedure and that while manufacturers would not be required
to make representations regarding the performance of circulator pumps
using these additional metrics, to the extent manufacturers wish to do
so, they would be required to do so based on testing in accordance with
the DOE test procedure. In addition, as noted in section III.C, the
CPWG-recommended method of determining PERSTD, if adopted by
DOE, would require tested hydraulic horsepower of the rated circulator
pump at one or more specific load points.
DOE notes that overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power
input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic horsepower) are already
parameters that are described in HI 40.6-2021, which DOE proposes to
incorporate by reference in the DOE test procedure (section III.E.1).
DOE believes that further specification is not necessary regarding the
determination of these parameters. DOE notes that HI 40.6-2021 does not
include explicit instructions for determining pump power output at
specific load points; however section E.3.2 specifies determination of
the circulator pump total head versus flow rate curve based on a
polynomial of the 6th order, and DOE assumes this curve would be used
to calculate pump power output at any relevant load point.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt provisions for the
measurement of several other circulator pump metrics, including overall
(wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power
output (hydraulic horsepower).
[[Page 72129]]
DOE also requests comment on its belief that HI 40.6-2021 contains
all the necessary methods to determine overall (wire-to-water)
efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower) and that further specification is not necessary.
H. Test Procedure Costs and Harmonization
1. Test Procedure Costs and Impact
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to establish a test procedure for
circulator pumps by incorporating by reference the test methods
established in HI 40.6-2021, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency
Testing,'' with certain exceptions. This NOPR also contains proposals
regarding representations, enforcement, and labeling provisions for
circulator pumps that would be added to 10 CFR parts 429 and 431,
respectively. DOE has tentatively determined that these proposed
amendments would impact testing costs as discussed in the following
paragraphs.
DOE proposes to incorporate, by reference, the test methods
established in HI 40.6-2021, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency
Testing,'' with certain exceptions. The test results are necessary for
calculating the CEI to represent the energy consumption of the
circulator pump, inclusive of a motor and any controls, and (3)
determine the minimum test sample (i.e., number of units) and permitted
method of determining represented values.
By adopting industry standards, DOE has tentatively determined that
the proposed amendments in this NOPR would establish DOE test
procedures that are reasonably designed to produce test results which
reflect energy efficiency and energy use of circulator pumps during a
representative average use cycle and that would not be unduly
burdensome for manufacturers to conduct. DOE is presenting the costs
associated with testing equipment and procedure consistent with the
requirements of the proposed test procedure, as would be required to
certify compliance with any future energy conservation standard.
DOE recognizes that, because such testing is not currently required
or standardized in the United States, testing facilities may vary from
one pump manufacturer to another. As such, DOE has estimated a maximum
expected testing burden associated with this test procedure NOPR, which
is associated with an expectation where all pump manufacturers do not
have existing testing capabilities and would be required to purchase
the necessary test equipment in accordance with the proposed test
procedure, if finalized.
To estimate the burden associated with the testing and sampling
plan requirements proposed in this test procedure NOPR, DOE understands
that in order to conduct the proposed test procedure, each manufacturer
would either (a) have to test the units in-house or (b) test the units
at a third-party testing facility. If a manufacturer elects to test
circulator pumps in-house, that manufacturer may have to undertake the
following burden inducing activities: (1) Acquire necessary testing
equipment that is capable of testing circulator pumps in compliance
with the test procedure, including acquisition and calibration of any
necessary measurement equipment, and (2) conduct the DOE test procedure
on two units of each covered circulator pump basic model.
DOE's cost estimates factored in capital costs and labor costs.
Capital cost estimates are based on previous manufacturer interviews.
The following sections detail those costs in specifics.
a. Estimated Capital Costs for Testing Circulator Pumps
In the maximum-burden case where a circulator pump manufacturer
would be required to construct a test lab from scratch, manufacturers
would be required to make capital outlays to acquire test equipment.
The first necessary item for testing a circulator pump is a water
reservoir to hold the water that the pump circulates during testing.
Manufacturers provided estimates to DOE on the cost of water reservoirs
for a variety of sizes. The water reservoir sizes provided from
manufacturers varied between 5 gallons and 1,500 gallons, as some
manufacturers also use their water reservoirs to test larger pumps.
Based on the information provided, DOE estimates the cost of a water
reservoir to test circulator pumps to be approximately $9.30 per
gallon. Because the circulator pumps are typically less than 5 hp in
size, DOE is using a 100-gallon water reservoir as a typical size and
thus estimates the cost at approximately $930 for the water
reservoir.\32\
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\32\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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To complete the circulator pump test loop, assorted piping and
valves would be necessary to circulate water from the reservoir to the
pump and regulate the flow and head of the water. Multiple diameter
pipes, valves, and associated fittings may be required to accommodate
different size circulator pumps. The total costs for the values and
piping will vary on pipe diameter as well as the actual testing
laboratory configuration. DOE estimates a cost of $2,745 for the piping
and valves necessary to test the circulator pumps within the scope of
the proposed test procedure.\33\
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\33\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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The proposed DOE test procedure also requires the power supply
characteristics (i.e., voltage, frequency, voltage unbalance, and total
harmonic distortion) to be maintained within specific values.
Specifically, the proposed power supply requirements must be within a
certain percent of the rated voltage, frequency, and voltage unbalance.
Also, the total harmonic distortion must be limited throughout the
test. In some situations, manufacturers may be required to acquire
power conditioning equipment to ensure the power supplied to the
circulator pump motor or control is within the required tolerances.
Based on the estimates DOE researched for power supplies as well as
incorporated estimates provided by manufacturers of possible equipment
costs, DOE estimates the cost for power conditioning equipment as
$2,200.\34\
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\34\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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The proposed circulator pump test procedure contains requirements
regarding the characteristics and accuracy of the measurement equipment
necessary to precisely and accurately determine relevant measured
quantities. The primary measurement equipment includes flow measuring
equipment, pressure measuring equipment, and electrical measuring
equipment.
Test facilities would need equipment to measure the flow rate in
gallons per minute to verify that the circulator pump is operating at
the applicable load point. Manufacturers indicated that, for flow
measurement equipment, they utilized magnetic flow measurement devices.
These magnetic flow measurement devices vary in price based on the
range of the device to accommodate different sizes of circulator pumps.
DOE researched flow measurement devices, as well as referenced feedback
from manufacturer interviews about the typical prices of various sizes
of flow measurement devices. DOE estimates a typical flow measurement
equipment capable of accommodating the full range of
[[Page 72130]]
circulator pumps subject to this proposed test procedure to be
$4,400.\35\
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\35\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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Pressure measurement equipment could include a manometer, bourdon
tube, digital indicator, or a transducer. Manufacturers provided
information as to which pressure measurement device they utilize and
the approximate cost of such device. DOE's research indicates that most
manufacturers utilize differential pressure transducers to measure
pressure in the test setup. Based on this information and DOE research,
DOE estimates the average cost of the pressure measurement devices to
be $1,650.\36\
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\36\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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Finally, electrical measurement equipment is necessary to determine
the input power to the circulator pump, as measured at the input to the
motor or controls (if present). There are multiple devices that can
measure power and energy values. However, DOE proposes specific
requirements regarding the accuracy and quantities measured for such
power measuring equipment, as discussed in section III.E.1. In this
case, only specific power analyzers and watt-amp-volt meters with the
necessary accuracy can measure RMS voltage, RMS current, and real power
up to at least the 40th harmonic of fundamental supply source frequency
and having an accuracy level of 2.0 percent of the measured
value when measured at the fundamental supply source frequency. DOE
researched equipment as well as inquired with manufacturers about the
equipment used and related costs. Based on information provided by
manufacturers and DOE's own research, DOE estimates the typical cost
for the electrical measurement equipment to conduct this proposed test
procedure is $4,400.\37\
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\37\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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Additionally, temperature measurements would be necessary, to
perform the test procedure as proposed. To verify that the testing
fluid (i.e., clear water) is within the specified temperature range,
testing facilities will also need to measure temperature. DOE estimates
a cost of $220 for potential temperature measurement devices.\38\
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\38\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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Finally, to ensure that all data are taken simultaneously and
properly recorded, a data acquisition system might also be necessary.
DOE researched data acquisition systems necessary for the proposed test
procedure and estimates the typical cost for a data acquisition system
as $21,000.\39\
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\39\ DOE based this cost estimate on information gathered from
manufacturers during the 2016 CPWG meetings.
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In total, DOE estimates the cost of acquiring all the necessary
equipment to perform the proposed circulator pump test procedure as
approximately $37,600, if a manufacturer needed to purchase all the
testing equipment described in this section.
However, DOE notes that the majority of circulator pump
manufacturers may already have existing testing capabilities to verify
equipment performance, as well as certify performance for other
applicable circulator pump programs.\40\ Therefore, DOE interprets the
previously estimated $37,600 value as a worst-case estimate that is not
representative of the likely eventual burden to most manufacturers.
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\40\ See section III.B.1 for a review of applicable circulator
pump regulatory and voluntary programs.
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DOE requests comment on the capital cost burden associated with the
proposed circulator pump test procedure, including the estimated
capabilities of current manufacturers. Specifically, DOE requests
comment on the estimate that the likely capital cost burden incurred by
existing circulator pump manufacturers would be between $0 and $37,600.
b. Between Estimated Labor Costs for Testing Circulator Pumps
This test procedure NOPR also proposes requirements regarding the
sampling plan and representations for covered circulator pumps at
subpart B of part 429 of title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
The sampling plan requirements are similar to those for several other
types of commercial equipment and, among other things, require a sample
size of at least two units per circulator pump basic model be tested
when determining representative values CEI, as well as other circulator
pump performance metrics.
Based on wage and salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
DOE estimates the fully burdened mechanical engineering technician wage
of $41.46/hr.\41\ DOE received information from manufacturers about the
typical time required to test a circulator pump for applicable programs
with similar testing requirements proposed in this test procedure
NOPR.\42\ The time for testing ranged from an hour per test to over 24
hours when completing testing for multiple programs. The longer testing
is a function of the longer stabilization times required for some
manufacturers' circulator pumps with new motors. On average, the
expected testing time for this proposed test procedure is approximately
7.5 hours per pump based on DOE research and estimates from
manufacturers. Using the labor rate established previously, the total
cost of labor for testing a circulator pump is estimated to be
approximately $622 per basic model.\43\
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\41\ DOE estimated the hourly wage using data from BLS's
``Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2020'' publication. DOE
used the ``Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Technicians''
mean hourly wage of $29.27 to estimate the hourly wage rate
(www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes173027.htm). DOE then used BLS's
``Employer Costs for Employee Compensation--June 2021'' to estimate
that wages and salary account for approximately 70.6 for private
industry workers (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_09162021.pdf). Last accessed on September 21, 2021. Therefore
DOE estimated an fully-burdened labor rate of $41.46 ($29.27 / 0.706
= $41.46),
\42\ See section III.B.1 for a discussion of applicable programs
and the similarity to DOE's proposed test procedure.
\43\ 7.5 hours x $41.46/hr x 2 units per basic model = $621.90
(rounded to $622).
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DOE requests comment on the estimated time and costs to complete a
test of a single circulator pump basic model under the proposed test
procedure.
Based on a review of the market. DOE is proposing to adopt the
industry standard, HI 40.6-2021, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump
Efficiency Testing,'' with certain exceptions. As previously discussed,
DOE estimates the potential capital costs to be approximately $37,600
per manufacturer and DOE estimates the potential labor costs to be
approximately $622 per basic model. However, because HI 40.6-2021 is
the generally accepted industry standard, DOE believes that
manufacturer costs would most likely be less than the estimated costs,
as most manufacturers are already testing to HI 40.6-2021. Further,
relative costs arising from the proposed test procedure would fall
further to the degree to which manufacturers are already rating pumps
in accordance with the proposed test procedure. As of mid-October, DOE
observes 68 models from 4 manufacturers listed in the Hydraulic
Institute's voluntary rating program.\44\ While this figure represents
a minority of available circulator pump models on the market, the
Hydraulic Institute's program is relatively new and manufacturer may
still be in the process of adding models. Finally, costs may fall
further to the extent already-rated
[[Page 72131]]
models as the basis for certification of other, similar models under
the same basic model.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\44\ The Hydraulic Institute. Energy Rating Program Database.
Available at: er.pumps.org/circulator/ratings. Last accessed:
October 12, 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Harmonization With Industry Standards
DOE's established practice is to adopt relevant industry standards
as DOE test procedures unless such methodology would be unduly
burdensome to conduct or would not produce test results that reflect
the energy efficiency, energy use, water use (as specified in EPCA) or
estimated operating costs of that product during a representative
average use cycle. Section 8(c) of Appendix A of 10 CFR part 430
subpart C; 10 CFR 431.4. In cases where the industry standard does not
meet EPCA statutory criteria for test procedures, DOE will make
modifications through the rulemaking process to these standards as the
DOE test procedure.
The industry standard DOE proposes to incorporate by reference via
proposals described in this NOPR is discussed in further detail in
section IV.M.
DOE requests comments on the benefits and burdens of the proposed
additions to industry standards referenced in the test procedure for
circulator pumps.
DOE notes that, as discussed in section III.E.2, it is proposing
exceptions and additions to HI 40.6-2021 in order to appropriately
address circulator pump testing as specific from other rotodynamic pump
testing. In addition, DOE is proposing test methods and calculations
for circulator pumps with certain control varieties, which are
supplemental to the test procedure in HI 40.6-2021. DOE notes that
these test method proposals are consistent with HI 41.5-2021, which, as
discussed in section II, is a program guideline rather than a test
standard.
I. Compliance Date
EPCA prescribes that, if DOE amends a test procedure, all
representations of energy efficiency and energy use, including those
made on marketing materials and product labels, must be made in
accordance with that amended test procedure, beginning 180 days after
publication of such a test procedure final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) To the extent the test procedure
proposed in this document is required only for the evaluation and
issuance of updated efficiency standards, use of the test procedure, if
finalized, would not be required until the implementation date of
updated standards. 10 CFR 431.4; Section 8(d) of appendix A 10 CFR part
430 subpart C.
If DOE were to publish an amended test procedure, EPCA provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers to petition DOE for an extension
of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience undue hardship
in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2)) To receive such an
extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later than 60 days
before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how the
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that
this test procedure rulemaking does not constitute ``significant
regulatory actions'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order (``E.O.'')
12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in
OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (``IRFA'')
for any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless
the agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's website: www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE
reviewed the test procedures in this proposed rule under the provisions
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies
published on February 19, 2003.
The following sections detail DOE's IRFA for this test procedure
rulemaking.
1. Description of Why Action Is Being Considered
DOE proposes to amend subpart Y of 10 CFR part 431 to establish a
test procedure for circulator pumps in advance of the finalization of
any energy conservation standards for this equipment. (See Docket No.
EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004.) The test procedure for circulator pumps
proposed in this test procedure NOPR includes the methods necessary to:
(1) Measure the performance of the covered equipment, (2) use the
measured results to calculate the CEI to represent the energy
consumption of the circulator pump, inclusive of a motor and any
controls, and (3) determine the minimum test sample (i.e., number of
units) and permitted method of determining represented values. In this
test procedure NOPR, DOE also proposes to set the scope of those
circulator pumps to which the proposed test methods would apply.
2. Objective of, and Legal Basis for, Rule
EPCA \45\ authorizes DOE to regulate the energy efficiency of a
number of consumer products and certain industrial equipment. (42
U.S.C. 6291-6317) Title III, Part C \46\ of EPCA, added by Public Law
95-619, Title IV, section 441(a) (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317 as codified),
established the Energy Conservation Program for Certain Industrial
Equipment, which sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve
energy efficiency. This equipment includes pumps, the subject of this
document. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\45\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the
statute as amended through the Energy Act of 2020, Public Law 116-
260 (Dec. 27, 2020).
\46\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part C was redesignated Part A-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered equipment. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a given type of covered equipment during a
representative average use cycle and requires that test procedures not
be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2)) To fulfill
these requirements, in this test procedure NOPR, DOE proposes to
establish a test procedure for circulator pumps in advance of the
finalization of any energy conservation standards for this equipment.
(See Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004.)
3. Description and Estimate of Small Entities Regulated
For manufacturers of circulator pumps, the Small Business
Administration (``SBA'') has set a size threshold, which defines those
entities
[[Page 72132]]
classified as ``small businesses'' for the purposes of the statute. DOE
used the SBA's small business size standards to determine whether any
small entities would be subject to the requirements of the rule. See 13
CFR part 121. The equipment covered by this rule are classified under
North American Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') code
333914,\47\ ``Measuring, Dispensing, and Other Pumping Equipment
Manufacturing.'' In 13 CFR 121.201, the SBA sets a threshold of 750
employees or fewer for an entity to be considered as a small business
for this category.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\47\ The size standards are listed by NAICS code and industry
description and are available at: www.sba.gov/document/support--
table-size-standards (Last accessed on July 16, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE reviewed the test procedures proposed in this NOPR under the
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and
policies published on February 19, 2003. DOE used publicly available
information to identify potential small businesses that manufacture
circulator pumps covered in this rulemaking. DOE identified ten
companies that are OEMs of circulator pumps covered by this rulemaking.
DOE screened out companies that do not meet the definition of a ``small
business'' or are foreign-owned and operated. DOE identified three
potential small, domestic OEMs for consideration. DOE used
subscription-based business information tools to determine the number
of employees and revenue of the potential small businesses.
DOE requests comment on the number of small businesses DOE
identified.
4. Description and Estimate of Compliance Requirements
DOE estimates that this proposed test procedure would not require
any manufacturer to incur any additional testing burden associated with
the proposed test procedure, if finalized, DOE recognizes that
circulator pump energy conservation standards may be proposed or
promulgated in the future and pump manufactures would then be required
to test all covered circulator pumps in accordance with the proposed
test procedures. (See Docket No. EERE-2016-BT-STD-0004) Therefore,
although such is not yet required, DOE is presenting the costs
associated with testing equipment and procedure consistent with the
requirements of the proposed test procedure, as would be required to
certify compliance with any future energy conservation standards.
In the test procedure outlined in this NOPR for circulator pumps,
DOE proposes a new metric, called CEI. To determine the applicable
measured values for determining circulator pump performance, DOE
proposes to incorporate by reference the test methods established in HI
40.6-2021, ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' with
certain exceptions. DOE also proposes to set the scope of those
circulator pumps to which the proposed test methods would apply.
DOE recognizes that, because such testing is not currently required
in the United States, testing facilities may vary from one pump
manufacturer to another. As such, DOE has estimated the potential
testing burden associated with this test procedure NOPR, which is
associated with a situation where a given pump manufacturer does not
have existing test facilities and would be required to purchase the
necessary test equipment in accordance with any test procedure final
rule. Furthermore, DOE believes that manufacturer costs would most
likely be less than the estimated costs because most manufacturers are
already testing to HI 40.6-2021. Additionally, if manufacturers are
already testing to HI 40.6-2021, manufacturers would not be required to
re-test those models. DOE's cost estimates factored in capital
expenditures required to purchase the necessary testing equipment as
well as labor expenditures required to conduct the testing. DOE has
tentatively determined that most manufacturers would choose to perform
in-house testing as opposed to third-party lab testing.
DOE estimated the range of potential costs for the three small,
domestic manufacturers of circular pumps. When developing cost
estimates for these manufacturers, DOE considered the cost of testing
equipment as well as the labor required to test per basic model. Should
DOE adopt energy conservation standards in terms of CEI, the small
businesses could incur capital costs of up to $37,600 per manufacturer.
Additionally, DOE estimates testing labor costs of approximately $622
per basic model. DOE estimates, based on market research, that
circulator pump manufacturers would each typically rate between 75 to
125 models with an average of 100 models per small business
manufacture. Therefore, DOE estimates that the associated testing labor
costs for a typical small business to be approximately $62,200 to test
each small business's currently covered circulator pump basic
models.\48\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\48\ $622 (per basic model) x 100 (average number of basic
models per small business) = $62,200.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Should DOE adopt energy conservation standards in terms of CEI,
small businesses could incur total capital and labor testing costs of
approximately $99,800. DOE understands the annual revenue of the three
small businesses to be approximately $2 million, $5 million, and $158
million. Therefore, testing costs could cause these small businesses to
incur up to 5 percent, 2 percent, and less than 1 percent of annual
revenue, respectively.
DOE requests comment on the estimated potential costs for the small
businesses.
5. Duplication Overlap, and Conflict With Other Rules and Regulations
DOE is not aware of any rules or regulations that duplicate,
overlap, or conflict with the proposed rule being considered today.
6. Significant Alternatives to the Rule
The discussion in the previous section analyzes impacts on small
businesses that would result from DOE's proposed test procedure, if
finalized. In reviewing alternatives to the proposed test procedure,
DOE examined not establishing a performance-based test procedure for
circulator pumps or establishing prescriptive-based test procedures for
circulator pumps. While not establishing performance-based test
procedures or establishing prescriptive-based test procedures for
circular pumps would reduce the burden on small businesses, DOE must
use test procedures to determine whether the products comply with
relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
DOE notes there currently are no energy conservation standards
prescribed for circular pumps. Therefore, manufacturers would not be
required to conduct the proposed test procedure, if made final, until
such time as compliance is required with energy conservation standards,
should DOE establish such standards, unless manufacturers voluntarily
chose to make representations as to the energy use or energy efficiency
of circulator pumps.
Additional compliance flexibilities may be available through other
means. EPCA provides that a manufacturer whose annual gross revenue
from all of its operations does not exceed $8 million may apply for an
exemption from all or part of an energy conservation standard for a
period not longer than 24 months after the effective date of a final
rule establishing the standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(t)) Additionally,
section 504 of the
[[Page 72133]]
Department of Energy Organization Act, 42 U.S.C. 7194, provides
authority for the Secretary to adjust a rule issued under EPCA in order
to prevent ``special hardship, inequity, or unfair distribution of
burdens'' that may be imposed on that manufacturer as a result of such
rule. Manufacturers should refer to 10 CFR part 430, subpart E, and 10
CFR part 1003 for additional details.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Although no energy conservation standards have been established for
circulator pumps as of the publication of this NOPR, manufacturers of
circulator pumps would need to certify to DOE that their products
comply with any potential future applicable energy conservation
standards. To certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test
data for their products according to the DOE test procedures, including
any amendments adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established
regulations for the certification and recordkeeping requirements for
all covered consumer products and commercial equipment, including
circulator pumps. (See generally 10 CFR part 429.) The collection-of-
information requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(``PRA''). This requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is
estimated to average 35 hours per response, including the time for
reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes definitions and a test
procedure for circulator pumps that it expects will be used to develop
and implement future energy conservation standards for this equipment.
DOE has determined that this rule falls into a class of actions that
are categorically excluded from review under the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321, et seq.) and DOE's implementing
regulations at 10 CFR part 1021. Specifically, DOE has determined that
adopting test procedures for measuring energy efficiency of consumer
products and industrial equipment is consistent with activities
identified in 10 CFR part 1021, appendix A to subpart D, A5 and A6.
Accordingly, neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental
impact statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The Executive order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this proposed rule and has
determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
products that are the subject of this proposed rule. States can
petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the extent, and
based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further
action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity, (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation, (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard, and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any, (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation, (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction,
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any, (5) adequately defines
key terms, and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a proposed regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may
cause the expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at www.energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this proposed
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the
[[Page 72134]]
expenditure of $100 million or more in any year, so these requirements
do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this proposed regulation
would not result in any takings that might require compensation under
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). Pursuant
to OMB Memorandum M-19-15, Improving Implementation of the Information
Quality Act (April 24, 2019), DOE published updated guidelines which
are available at www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f70/DOE%20Final%20Updated%20IQA%20Guidelines%20Dec%202019.pdf. DOE has
reviewed this proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use should the proposal be implemented,
and of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected
benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
The proposed regulatory action to establish a test procedure for
measuring the energy efficiency of circulator pumps is not a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it
would not have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it been designated as a
significant energy action by the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it
is not a significant energy action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a proposed rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or
industry standards on competition.
The proposed test procedure for circulator pumps would incorporate
testing methods contained in certain sections of the following
commercial standard: Hydraulic Institute (HI) 40.6-2021, (``HI 40.6-
2021'') ``Methods for Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing''. DOE has
evaluated this standard and is unable to conclude whether it fully
complies with the requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e.,
whether it was developed in a manner that fully provides for public
participation, comment, and review.) DOE will consult with both the
Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC concerning the impact of
these test procedures on competition, prior to prescribing a final
rule.
M. Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference the test
standard published by Hydraulic Institute (HI), titled ``Methods for
Rotodynamic Pump Efficiency Testing,'' HI 40.6-2021. HI 40.6-2021 is an
industry-accepted standard used to specify methods of testing for
determining the head, flow rate, driver power input, pump power output,
and other relevant parameters necessary to determine the CEI of
applicable pumps proposed in this TP NOPR. The test procedure proposed
in this NOPR references various sections of HI 40.6-2021 that address
test setup, instrumentation, measurement, and test specifications. This
standard can be obtained from the organization directly at the
following address: Hydraulic Institute, 6 Campus Drive, First Floor
North, Parsippany, NJ 07054-4406, (973) 267-9700, or by visiting
www.Pumps.org.
V. Public Participation
A. Participation in the Webinar
The time and date of the webinar are listed in the DATES section at
the beginning of this document. If no participants register for the
webinar, it will be cancelled. Webinar registration information,
participant instructions, and information about the capabilities
available to webinar participants will be published on DOE's website:
www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/standards.aspx?productid=66. Participants are responsible for ensuring
their systems are compatible with the webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
NOPR, or who is representative of a group or class of persons that has
an interest in these issues, may request an opportunity to make an oral
presentation at the webinar. Such persons may submit to
[email protected]. Persons who wish to speak
should include with their request a computer file in WordPerfect,
Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format that briefly describes
the nature of their interest in this rulemaking and the topics they
wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a daytime
[[Page 72135]]
telephone number where they can be reached.
Persons requesting to speak should briefly describe the nature of
their interest in this rulemaking and provide a telephone number for
contact. DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least two weeks before
the webinar. At its discretion, DOE may permit persons who cannot
supply an advance copy of their statement to participate, if those
persons have made advance alternative arrangements with the Building
Technologies Office. As necessary, requests to give an oral
presentation should ask for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Webinar
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the webinar/public
meeting and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion.
The meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing,
but DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42
U.S.C. 6306). A court reporter will be present to record the
proceedings and prepare a transcript. DOE reserves the right to
schedule the order of presentations and to establish the procedures
governing the conduct of the webinar/public meeting. There shall not be
discussion of proprietary information, costs or prices, market share,
or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. anti-trust laws. After
the webinar/public meeting and until the end of the comment period,
interested parties may submit further comments on the proceedings and
any aspect of the rulemaking.
The webinar will be conducted in an informal, conference style. DOE
will present summaries of comments received before the webinar, allow
time for prepared general statements by participants, and encourage all
interested parties to share their views on issues affecting this
rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed to make a general
statement (within time limits determined by DOE), before the discussion
of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time permits, other
participants to comment briefly on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly. Participants should
be prepared to answer questions by DOE and by other participants
concerning these issues. DOE representatives may also ask questions of
participants concerning other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The
official conducting the webinar/public meeting will accept additional
comments or questions from those attending, as time permits. The
presiding official will announce any further procedural rules or
modification of the above procedures that may be needed for the proper
conduct of the webinar/public meeting.
A transcript of the webinar/public meeting will be included in the
docket, which can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the
beginning of this NOPR. In addition, any person may buy a copy of the
transcript from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding this
proposed rule no later than the date provided in the DATES section at
the beginning of this proposed rule. Interested parties may submit
comments using any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at
the beginning of this document.
Submitting comments via www.regulations.gov. The
www.regulations.gov web page will require you to provide your name and
contact information. Your contact information will be viewable to DOE
Building Technologies staff only. Your contact information will not be
publicly viewable except for your first and last names, organization
name (if any), and submitter representative name (if any). If your
comment is not processed properly because of technical difficulties,
DOE will use this information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for
clarification, DOE may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
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provide your contact information on a cover letter. Include your first
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Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
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Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
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Documents should not contain special characters or any form of
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Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
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per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
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time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email two well-marked copies: One copy of the document marked
confidential including all the information believed to be confidential,
and one copy of the document marked non-confidential with the
information believed to be confidential deleted. DOE will make its own
determination about the confidential status of the
[[Page 72136]]
information and treat it according to its determination.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although DOE welcomes comments on any aspect of this proposal, DOE
is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties concerning the following issues:
(1) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for circulator
pump.
(2) DOE requests comment on the proposed definition for horizontal
motor, including whether it meets the intent of the CPWG or whether it
would include other motors not intended to be captured in the
definition.
(3) DOE requests comment on the proposed definitions of header pump
and circulator-less-volute.
(4) DOE requests comment on its proposal to include on-demand
circulator pumps within the scope of this test procedure. DOE also
requests data and information that would justify a CEI credit for on-
demand circulator pumps.
(5) DOE requests comment on the proposed scope of applicability of
the circulator pump test procedure to circulator pumps that are clean
water pumps, and the exclusion of header pumps and submersible pumps
from the scope of the proposed test procedure.
(6) DOE requests comment on the proposed applicability of the
definition of ``basic model'' at 10 CFR 431.462 to circulator pumps and
any characteristics unique to circulator pumps that may necessitate
modifications to that definition.
(7) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt CEI as the metric
to characterize the energy use of certain circulator pumps and on the
proposed equation for CEI.
(8) DOE requests comment on the proposal to allow manufacturers to
select the control variety used for testing if the circulator pump
model is distributed in commerce with multiple control varieties. DOE
specifically requests comment on whether DOE should instead require
manufacturers to test a circulator pump model that offers multiple
control varieties with the least consumptive control variety. DOE also
requests comment on the burden that would be associated with such an
approach.
(9) DOE requests comment on its proposed definition of adaptive
pressure control.
(10) DOE requests comment on the proposed test method for
circulator pumps with pressure controls, including whether DOE's
interpretation of the new provisions in HI 41.5-2021 are accurate.
(11) DOE requests comment on whether specific test provisions for
circulator pumps equipped with user-adjustable pressure controls are
needed, and if so, on the proposed provisions for such pumps.
(12) DOE requests comment on the proposed test methods for
circulator pumps with adaptive pressure controls, and in particular on
the proposed provisions not included in HI 41.5-2021, including for
pumps without a manual control mode, whether throttling should be
allowed to achieve head above the reference system curve, or instead
head should be allowed below the reference system curve and adjusted
back to the curve, as with other non-adaptive pressure controls. DOE
also requests comment on the HI 41.5-2021 provision for manual
adjustment to achieve 100 percent BEP flow and heat point at max speed,
which is not included for other pressure controls.
(13) DOE requests comment on the proposed test methods, test
points, and weights for circulator pumps with temperature controls.
(14) DOE requests comment on the proposed test method and the
unique test points, weights, and speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with manual speed controls.
(15) DOE requests comment on the proposed test method and the
unique test points, weights, and speed factors for circulator pumps
distributed in commerce with external input signal controls. In
particular, DOE requests comment on whether manual speed adjustment
and/or simulated external input signal are appropriate for testing
circulator pumps with external input signal only, as well as circulator
pumps with external input signal in addition to other control
varieties. DOE also seeks comment on whether it is necessary to
reference the ``lowest speed setting'' when determining the appropriate
test points. Finally, DOE seeks comment on whether the test points and
weights for circulator pumps distributed in commerce with external
input signal control in addition to other control varieties are
appropriately reflective of their energy consumption in the field
relative to other control varieties.
(16) DOE requests comment on the proposed test method for
circulator pumps distributed in commerce with no controls.
(17) DOE requests comment on the proposal to incorporate by
reference HI 40.6-2021, inclusive of Appendix E, into the proposed
appendix D to subpart Y, with the exceptions, modifications, and
additions described in section III.E.2 of this document.
(18) DOE requests comment on its proposal to not reference sections
40.6.4.1, 40.6.4.2, 40.6.5.3, 40.6.5.5.2, 40.6.6.1, 40.6.6.1.1,
Appendix B, and Appendix G of HI 40.6-2021 as part of the DOE test
procedure for circulator pumps.
(19) DOE requests comment on the proposed test procedure for twin
head circulator pumps.
(20) DOE requests comment on the proposed test procedure for
circulators-less-volute. Specifically, DOE seeks comment as to any
additional details that should be addressed in testing a circulator-
less-volute with any given volute to determine applicable CEI values.
(21) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt the provisions
in Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 for determining circulator pump driver
power input at specified flow rates, including whether these provisions
are more appropriate than those recommended by the CPWG.
(22) DOE requests comment on the proposal that for circulator pumps
with pressure and manual speed controls, if all the tested flow values
are within 5 percent of the flow load points specified by
the reference curve and tested head values are below the head load
points specified by the reference curve, the tested driver power input
values would be proportionally adjusted to the specified flow and head
points. If the tested head values are above the reference system curve,
only the flow values would be proportionally adjusted to the specified
value. DOE requests comment on whether HI intended to remove all power
correction (including flow correction) above the reference curve for
pumps with pressure and manual speed controls.
(23) DOE requests comment on the proposal that for temperature and
external input signal controls, if all the tested flow values are
within 5 percent of the flow load points specified by the
reference system curve and all the tested head values are within 10 percent of the head load points specified by the reference
system curve, the tested driver power input values would be
proportionally adjusted to the specified flow and head points. If the
tested head values are above the reference system curve by more than 10
percent, only the
[[Page 72137]]
flow values would be proportionally adjusted to the specified value.
DOE requests comment on whether HI intended to remove all power
correction above the reference curve for temperature and external input
signal controls.
(24) DOE also requests comment on the proposed applicability of the
tolerance and proportional adjustment method to the various test
points, as compared to the curve fitting method, based on circulator
pump control variety. DOE particularly requests comment on which
category is most appropriate for the 100 percent of BEP flow point.
(25) DOE requests comment on the proposal that all calculations be
performed with the raw measured data, to ensure accuracy, and to round
CER, BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP head at maximum speed values to
three significant figures; real power, true RMS current, and true RMS
voltage values the tenths place (i.e., 0.1); and CEI, hydraulic
horsepower, and true power factor values to the hundredths place (i.e.,
0.01).
(26) DOE requests comment on the proposal to use rated hydraulic
horsepower, identified as the measured hydraulic horsepower at BEP and
full impeller diameter for the rated pump, as the primary standardized
metric to determine the scope of applicability of dry rotor circulator
pumps in this circulator pump test procedure.
(27) DOE requests comment on the proposed statistical sampling
procedures and certification requirements for circulator pumps.
(28) DOE requests comment on how, absent information on the tested
control method for a basic model, DOE should determine which test
method to conduct.
(29) DOE requests comment on the proposed product-specific
enforcement testing provisions for circulator pumps, particularly with
regard to the appropriate control curve for pressure controls (when not
specified) and the appropriate speed settings for other control
methods.
(30) DOE requests comment on the proposal to apply to circulator
pumps the enforcement testing sample size, calculations, and procedures
laid out in appendix A to subpart C of 10 CFR part 429.
(31) DOE seeks comment upon the applicability of a 5 percent
tolerance on hydraulic horsepower for each tested circulator pump model
or if a higher or lower percentage variation would be justified.
(32) DOE requests comment on its proposal to adopt provisions for
the measurement of several other circulator pump metrics, including
overall (wire-to-water) efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump
power output (hydraulic horsepower).
(33) DOE also requests comment on its belief that HI 40.6-2021
contains all the necessary methods to determine overall (wire-to-water)
efficiency, driver power input, and/or pump power output (hydraulic
horsepower) and that further specification is not necessary.
(34) DOE requests comment on the capital cost burden associated
with the proposed circulator pump test procedure, including the
estimated capabilities of current manufacturers. Specifically, DOE
requests comment on the estimate that the likely capital cost burden
incurred by existing circulator pump manufacturers would be between $0
and $37,600.
(35) DOE requests comment on the estimated time and costs to
complete a test of a single circulator pump basic model under the
proposed test procedure.
(36) DOE requests comments on the benefits and burdens of the
proposed additions to industry standards referenced in the test
procedure for circulator pumps.
(37) DOE requests comment on the number of small businesses DOE
identified.
(38) DOE requests comment on the estimated potential costs for the
small businesses.
Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking and request for comment.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 429
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test procedures, Incorporation by
reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on November
16, 2021, by Kelly Speakes-Backman, Principal Deputy Assistant
Secretary and Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated authority from the Secretary of
Energy. That document with the original signature and date is
maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes only, and in compliance
with requirements of the Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in electronic format for publication, as
an official document of the Department of Energy. This administrative
process in no way alters the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on November 17, 2021.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is proposing to amend
parts 429 and 431 of Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth below:
PART 429--CERTIFICATION, COMPLIANCE, AND ENFORCEMENT FOR CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 429 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 429.59 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(2)(i) and (a)(2)(iii), and
0
b. Adding paragraphs (a)(2)(iv) through (vii).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 429.59 Pumps.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) Any representation of the constant load pump energy index
(PEICL), variable load pump energy index (PEIVL),
circulator energy index (CEI), or other measure of energy consumption
of a basic model for which consumers would favor lower values shall be
greater than or equal to the higher of:
(A) The mean of the sample, where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.017
and x is the sample mean, n is the number of samples, and xi
is the maximum of the i\th\ sample;
Or,
(B) The upper 95 percent confidence limit (UCL) of the true mean
divided by 1.05, where:
[[Page 72138]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.018
and x is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation, n is the
number of samples, and t0.95 is the t statistic for a 95
percent one-tailed confidence interval with n-1 degrees of freedom
(from appendix A of subpart B of part 429).
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(i) Rated hydraulic horsepower. The representative value of rated
hydraulic horsepower of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump or
circulator pump must be the mean of the rated hydraulic horsepower for
each tested unit.
* * * * *
(iii) True power factor. The representative value of true power
factor of a basic model of dedicated-purpose pool pump or circulator
pump must be determined based on the mean of the true power factors for
each tested unit of dedicated-purpose pool pump or circulator pump
motor, respectively.
(iv) True RMS current and true RMS voltage. The representative
values of true RMS current and true RMS voltage of a basic model of
circulator pump must be determined based on the mean of the true RMS
currents and true RMS voltages, respectively, for each tested unit.
(v) Input power. The representative value(s) of input power of a
basic model of circulator pump must be determined based on the mean of
the input power at measured data point(s) for each tested unit.
(vi) Flow at BEP and maximum speed. The representative value of
flow at BEP and maximum speed of a basic model of circulator pump must
be determined based on the mean of the flow at BEP and maximum speed
for each tested unit.
(vii) Head at BEP and maximum speed. The representative value of
head at BEP and maximum speed of a basic model of circulator pump must
be determined based on the mean of the head at BEP and maximum speed
for each tested unit.
* * * * *
0
3. Section 429.110 is amended by revising paragraphs (e)(1) and (5) to
read as follows:
Sec. 429.110 Enforcement testing.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) For products with applicable energy conservation standard(s) in
Sec. 430.32 of this chapter, and commercial prerinse spray valves,
illuminated exit signs, traffic signal modules and pedestrian modules,
commercial clothes washers, dedicated-purpose pool pumps, circulator
pumps, and metal halide lamp ballasts, DOE will use a sample size of
not more than 21 units and follow the sampling plans in appendix A of
this subpart (Sampling for Enforcement Testing of Covered Consumer
Products and Certain High-Volume Commercial Equipment).
* * * * *
(5) For pumps subject to the test procedures specified in Sec.
431.464(a) of this chapter, DOE will use an initial sample size of not
more than four units and will determine compliance based on the
arithmetic mean of the sample.
* * * * *
0
4. Section 429.134 is amended by adding paragraph (i)(3) to read as
follows:
Sec. 429.134 Product-specific enforcement provisions.
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(3) Circulator pumps.
(i) The flow rate at BEP and maximum speed of each tested unit of
the basic model will be measured pursuant to the test requirements of
Sec. 431.464(c) of this chapter, where the value of flow rate at BEP
and maximum speed certified by the manufacturer will be treated as the
expected BEP flow rate at maximum speed. The resulting measurement will
be compared to the value of flow rate at BEP and maximum speed
certified by the manufacturer. The certified flow rate at BEP and
maximum speed will be considered valid only if the measurement (either
the measured flow rate at BEP and maximum speed for a single unit
sample or the average of the measured flow rates for a multiple unit
sample) is within 5 percent of the certified flow rate at BEP and
maximum speed.
(A) If the representative value of flow rate is found to be valid,
the measured flow rate at BEP and maximum speed will be used in
subsequent calculations of circulator energy rating (CER) and
circulator energy index (CEI) for that basic model.
(B) If the representative value of flow rate at BEP and maximum
speed is found to be invalid, the mean of all the measured values of
flow rate at BEP and maximum speed determined from the tested unit(s)
will serve as the new expected BEP flow rate and the unit(s) will be
retested until such time as the measured flow rate at BEP and maximum
speed is within 5 percent of the expected BEP flow rate.
(ii) DOE will test each circulator pump unit according to the
control setting with which the unit was rated. If no control setting is
specified and no controls were available, DOE would test using the full
speed test. If no control setting is specified and a variety of
controls are available, DOE would test using the test method for any
one of the control varieties available on board.
(iii) Pressure controls will be tested in the automatic setting
except that adaptive pressure controls will be tested at the manual
control option that results in the lowest head values at each test
point below maximum speed. When conducting tests of pressure controls
for which the no control curve is specified, the circulator pump will
be tested using any control curve meeting the requirements specified in
the test method.
(iv) External input signal controls and temperature controls will
be tested at the lowest speed setting that will achieve a head at or
above the reference curve.
(v) Manual speed controls will be tested using the speed setting
closest to (above or below) each of the head points specified by the
reference system curve.
* * * * *
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
5. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
6. Section 431.462 is amended by:
0
a. Adding, in alphabetical order, definitions for the terms ``Adaptive
pressure controls,'' ``Circulator-less-volute,'' ``Circulator pump,''
``Dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump,'' ``Dry rotor, two-piece
circulator pump,'' ``External input signal control,'' ``Header pump,''
``Manual speed control,'' ``On-demand circulator,'' ``Pressure
control,'' ``Temperature control,'' and ``Wet rotor circulator pump.'';
and
0
b. Revising the definition of the term ``Horizontal motor.''
The additions and revision read as follows:
Sec. 431.462 Definitions.
* * * * *
Adaptive pressure control means a pressure control that
continuously senses the head requirements in the system in which it is
installed and adjusts the control curve of the pump accordingly.
* * * * *
Circulator-less-volute means a circulator pump distributed in
[[Page 72139]]
commerce without a volute and for which a paired volute is also
distributed in commerce. Whether a paired volute is distributed in
commerce will be determined based on published data, marketing
literature, and other publicly available information.
Circulator pump means is a pump that is either a wet rotor
circulator pumps; a dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump; or a dry
rotor, three-piece circulator pump. A circulator pump may be
distributed in commerce with or without a volute.
* * * * *
Dry rotor, three-piece circulator pump means a single stage,
rotodynamic, single-axis flow, mechanically-coupled, dry rotor pump
that:
(1) Has a rated hydraulic power less than or equal to 5 hp at the
best efficiency point at full impeller diameter,
(2) Is distributed in commerce with a horizontal motor, and
(3) Discharges the pumped liquid through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft.
Examples include, but are not limited to, pumps generally referred
to in industry as CP3.
Dry rotor, two-piece circulator pump means a single stage,
rotodynamic, single-axis flow, close-coupled, dry rotor pump that:
(1) Has a rated hydraulic power less than or equal to 5 hp at best
efficiency point at full impeller diameter,
(2) Is distributed in commerce with a horizontal motor, and
(3) Discharges the pumped liquid through a volute in a plane
perpendicular to the shaft.
Examples include, but are not limited to, pumps generally referred
to in industry as CP2.
* * * * *
External input signal control means a variable speed drive that
adjusts the speed of the driver in response to an input signal from an
external logic and/or user interface.
* * * * *
Header pump means a circulator pump distributed in commerce without
a volute and for which a paired volute is not distributed in commerce.
Whether a paired volute is distributed in commerce will be determined
based on published data, marketing literature, and other publicly
available information.
Horizontal motor means a motor, for which the motor shaft position
when functioning under operating conditions specified in manufacturer
literature, includes a horizontal position.
* * * * *
Manual speed control means a control (variable speed drive and user
interface) that adjusts the speed of the driver based on manual user
input.
* * * * *
On-demand circulator pump means a circulator pump that is
distributed in commerce with an integral control that:
(1) Initiates water circulation based on receiving a signal from
the action of a user [of a fixture or appliance] or sensing the
presence of a user of a fixture and cannot initiate water circulation
based on other inputs, such as water temperature or a pre-set schedule.
(2) Automatically terminates water circulation once hot water has
reached the pump or desired fixture.
(3) Does not allow the pump to operate when the temperature in the
pipe exceeds 104 [deg]F or for more than 5 minutes continuously.
* * * * *
Pressure control means a control (variable speed drive and
integrated logic) that automatically adjusts the speed of the driver in
response to pressure.
* * * * *
Temperature control means a control (variable speed drive and
integrated logic) that automatically adjusts the speed of the driver
continuously over the driver operating speed range in response to
temperature.
* * * * *
Wet rotor circulator pump means a single stage, rotodynamic, close-
coupled, wet rotor pump. Examples include, but are not limited to,
pumps generally referred to in industry as CP1.
0
7. Section 431.463 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and adding
paragraph (d)(5) to read as follows:
Sec. 431.463 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this subpart
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, DOE must publish a document in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved material is available for inspection at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington,
DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/appliance-and-equipment-standards-program, and may be obtained from the
other sources in this section. It is also available for inspection at
the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this material at NARA, email:
[email protected], or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(5) HI 40.6-2021, (``HI 40.6-2021''), ``Methods for Rotodynamic
Pump Efficiency Testing,'' copyright 2021, IBR approved for appendix D
to subpart Y of this part.
* * * * *
0
8. Section 431.464 is amended by adding paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 431.464 Test procedure for measuring energy efficiency and
other performance factors of pumps.
* * * * *
(c) Circulator pumps--
(1) Scope. This paragraph (c) provides the test procedures for
determining the circulator energy index for circulator pumps that are
also clean water pumps, including on-demand circulator pumps and
circulators-less-volute, and excluding submersible pumps and header
pumps.
(2) Testing and calculations. Determine the circulator energy index
(CEI) using the test procedure set forth in appendix D of this subpart
Y.
0
9. Add appendix D to subpart Y of part 431 to read as follows:
Appendix D to Subpart Y of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for the
Measurement of Energy Consumption of Circulator Pumps
I. Test Procedure for Circulator Pumps
A. General
A.1 Referenced materials. DOE incorporated by reference in Sec.
431.463 the entire standard for HI 40.6-2021. However, not all
provisions of HI 40.6-2021 apply to this appendix. If there is any
conflict between any industry standard and this appendix, follow the
language of the test procedure in this appendix, disregarding the
conflicting industry standard language. Specifically, the following
provisions are not applicable:
(1) Section 40.6.4--Considerations when determining the efficiency
of certain pumps, Section 40.6.4.1--Vertically suspended pumps
(2) Section 40.6.4--Considerations when determining the efficiency
of certain pumps, Section 40.6.4.2--Submersible pumps
(3) Section 40.6.5--Test procedures, Section 40.6.5.3--Test report
(4) Section 40.6.5--Test procedures, Section 40.6.5.5--Test
conditions, Section 40.6.5.5.2--Speed of rotation during test
(5) Section 40.6.6--Analysis, Section 40.6.6.1--Translation of the
test results to the specified speed of rotation
[[Page 72140]]
(6) Section 40.6.6--Analysis, Section 40.6.6.1--Translation of the
test results to the specified speed of rotation, Section
40.6.6.1.1--Translation of the test results into data based on
specified speed of rotation
(7) Appendix B--Reporting of test results
(8) Appendix G--DOE compared to HI 40.6 nomenclature
A.2 To determine the circulator energy index (CEI), testing
shall be performed in accordance with HI 40.6-2021, including
Appendix E ``Testing Circulator Pumps,'' with the exceptions noted
in section A.0 of this appendix and the modifications and additions
as noted throughout the following provisions. For the purposes of
applying this appendix, the term ``pump power output,'' as defined
in section 40.6.2, ``Terms and definitions,'' of HI 40.6-2021 shall
be deemed to be synonymous with the term ``hydraulic horsepower''
used throughout that standard and this appendix.
B. Scope.
B.1 Section II of this appendix describes the testing of
circulator pumps with external input signal controls and the
calculation of CER for these circulator pumps.
B.2 Section III of this appendix describes the testing of
circulator pumps with manual speed controls and the calculation of
CER for these circulator pumps.
B.3 Section IV of this appendix describes the testing of
circulator pumps with pressure controls and the calculation of CER
for these circulator pumps.
B.4 Section V of this appendix describes the testing of
circulator pumps with temperature controls and the calculation of
CER for these circulator pumps.
B.5 Section VI of this appendix describes the testing of
circulator pumps without external input signal, manual, pressure, or
temperature controls (i.e., full speed test) and the calculation of
CER for these circulator pumps.
B.6 If a given circulator pump model is distributed in commerce
with multiple control varieties available, the manufacturer may
select a control variety (or varieties) among those available with
which to test the circulator pump, including the test method for
circulator pumps without external input signal, manual, pressure, or
temperature controls (i.e., full speed test).
C. Measurement Equipment. For the purposes of measuring flow
rate, head, driver power input, and pump power output, the equipment
specified in HI 40.6-2021 Appendix C must be used and must comply
with the stated accuracy requirements in HI 40.6-2021 Table
40.6.3.2.3. When more than one instrument is used to measure a given
parameter, the combined accuracy, calculated as the root sum of
squares of individual instrument accuracies, must meet the specified
accuracy requirements.
D. Test conditions.
D.1 Pump specifications. Conduct testing in accordance with the
test conditions, stabilization requirements, and specifications of
HI 40.6-2021 section 40.6.3, ``Pump efficiency testing''; section
40.6.4, ``Considerations when determining the efficiency of a
pump,'' including section 40.6.4.4, ``Determination of pump overall
efficiency''; section 40.6.5.4 (including Appendix A), ``Test
arrangements''; and section 40.6.5.5, ``Test conditions.''
D.2 Twin head circulator pump. To test twin head circulator
pumps, one of the two impeller assemblies should be incorporated
into an adequate, single impeller volute and casing. An adequate,
single impeller volute and casing means a volute and casing for
which any physical and functional characteristics that affect energy
consumption and energy efficiency are essentially identical to their
corresponding characteristics for a single impeller in the twin head
circulator pump volute and casing.
D.3 Circulator-less-volute. To determine the CEI for a
circulator-less-volute, test each circulator-less-volute with each
volute for which the circulator-less-volute is offered for sale or
advertised to be paired for that circulator pump model according to
the testing and calculations described in sections II, III, IV, V,
or VI of this appendix, depending on the variety of control with
which the circulator pump model is distributed in commerce, as
specified in section B of this appendix. Alternatively, each
circulator-less-volute may be tested with the most consumptive
volute with which is it offered for sale or advertised to be paired
for that circulator pump model.
E. Data collection and analysis.
E.1 Stabilization. Record data at any test point only under
stabilized conditions, as defined in HI 40.6-2021 section
40.6.5.5.1.
E.2 Testing BEP at maximum speed for the circulator pump.
Determine the BEP of the circulator pump at maximum speed as
specified in Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021 including sections
40.6.5.5.1 and 40.6.6 as modified. Determine the BEP flow rate at
maximum speed as the flow rate at the operating point of maximum
overall efficiency on the circulator pump curve, as determined in
accordance with section 40.6.6.3 of HI 40.6-2021 as modified by
Appendix E, where overall efficiency is the ratio of the circulator
pump power output divided by the driver power input, as specified in
Table 40.6.2.1 of HI 40.6-2021. For the purposes of this test
procedure, all references to ``driver power input'' in this appendix
or HI 40.6-2021 shall refer to the input power to the controls, or
to the motor if no controls are present.
E.3 Reference system curve. The reference system curve for each
circulator pump variety is defined uniquely for each pump as a
quadratic function with a fixed head component of 20 percent of the
head at BEP at maximum speed as defined by the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.019
Where:
H = total system head (ft);
Q = flow rate (gpm);
Q100 = flow rate at 100 percent of BEP flow at
maximum speed (gpm); and
H100 = total pump head at 100 percent of BEP flow
at maximum speed (ft).
E.4 Rounding. All terms and quantities refer to values
determined in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
appendix for the rated circulator pump. Perform all calculations
using raw measured values without rounding. Round
PERCIRC, BEP flow at maximum speed and BEP head at
maximum speed values to three significant figures. Round real power,
true RMS current and true RMS voltage values the tenths place (i.e.,
0. 1). Round PEICIRC, hydraulic horsepower, true power
factor, and all other reported values to the hundredths place unless
otherwise specified.
F. Calculation of CEI.
F.1 Determine CEI using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.020
Where:
CEI = the circulator energy index (dimensionless);
CER = the circulator energy rating determined in accordance with
section II (for circulator pumps with external input signal
controls), section III (for circulator pumps with manual speed
controls), section IV (for circulator pumps with pressure controls),
section V (for circulator pumps with temperature controls), or
section VI (for circulator pumps without external input signal,
manual, pressure or temperature controls) (hp); and
CERSTD = the CER for a circulator pump that is minimally
compliant with DOE's energy conservation standards with the same
hydraulic horsepower as the tested pump, as determined in accordance
with the specifications at paragraph (i) of Sec. 431.465.
G. Determination of Additional Circulator Performance
Parameters.
G.1 To determine flow and head at BEP, as well as pump power
output (hydraulic horsepower), driver power input, overall (wire-to-
water) efficiency, true RMS current, true RMS voltage, real power,
and/or power factor at relevant load points, conduct testing
according to section I.A.1 of this appendix.
G.2 Determine the rated hydraulic horsepower as the pump power
output
[[Page 72141]]
measured at BEP and full impeller diameter for the rated pump.
G.3 Determine the true power factor at each applicable load
point specified in sections II, III, IV, V, or VI of this appendix
for each circulator pump control variety as a ratio of driver power
input to the motor (or controls, if present) (Pi), in watts, divided
by the product of the true RMS voltage in volts and the true RMS
current in amps at each load point i, as shown in the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.021
Where:
PFi = true power factor at each load point i, dimensionless;
Pi = driver power input to the motor (or controls, if present) at
each load point i, in watts;
Vi = true RMS voltage at each load point i, in volts;
Ii = true RMS current at each load point i, in amps; and
i = load point(s), defined uniquely for each circulator pump control
variety as specified in sections II, III, IV, V, or VI of this
appendix.
II. Testing and Calculation of CER for Circulator Pumps With External
Input Signal Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section II applies only to circulator pumps sold with
only external input signal controls and circulator pumps sold with
external input signal controls in addition to other control
varieties.
B. Circulator pumps with only external input signal control, and
which cannot be operated without an external input signal.
B.1 Adjust the speed of the pump using a manual speed adjustment
or with a simulated external signal to activate the external signal
input control to achieve flow rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent
of the BEP flow rate (as determined according to section I.E.2 of
this appendix) with head values that are at or above the reference
system curve (defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix). Measure
the driver power input at those flow rates.
B.1.1 All tested flow values must be within 5
percent of the target flow load points as specified by the reference
system curve.
B.1.2 For tested head values more than 10 percent above the head
load points specified by the reference system curve, adjust the
tested driver power input to the specified flow point using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.022
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
B.1.3 For tested head values within 10 percent of
the head load points specified by the reference system curve, adjust
the tested driver power input to the specified flow and head point
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.023
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
B.1.4 If the tested head value is below the head load point
specified by the reference system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
B.2. Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.024
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
[omega]i = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s), corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
the flow at BEP.
C. Circulator pumps with external input signal control in
addition to other control varieties, or which can be operated
without an external input signal.
C.1 Determination of circulator pump driver power input.
C.1.1 Determine the driver power input at 25, 50, and 75 percent
of the measured BEP flow rate at maximum speed (as determined
according to section I.E.2 of this appendix) of the tested
circulator pump in accordance with Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021.
C.1.2 Determine the driver power input at 100 percent of BEP
flow at maximum speed and at 25, 50, 75 percent of the BEP flow rate
and reduced speed by using a manual speed adjustment or a simulated
external input signal to adjust the speed of the driver to achieve
those flow rates with a head value at or above the reference system
curve defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix. Measure the driver
power input at those flow rates.
C.1.2.1 All tested flow values must be within 5
percent of the target flow load points as specified by the reference
system curve.
C.1.2.2 For tested head values more than 10 percent above the
head load points specified by the reference system curve, adjust the
tested driver power input to the specified flow point using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.025
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
C.1.2.3 For tested head values within 10 percent of
the head load points specified by the reference system curve, adjust
the tested driver power input to the specified flow and head point
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.026
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,i = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
C.1.2.4 If the tested head value is below the head load point
specified by the reference system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
C.2 Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.027
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.30;
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump (hp), calculated in accordance
with section II.C.2.1 of this appendix;
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.70; and
[[Page 72142]]
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
rotating speeds of the circulator pump (hp), calculated in
accordance with section II.C.2.2 of this appendix.
C.2.1 Determine the weighted average input power at maximum
speed using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.028
Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum speed
of the circulator pump (hp);
[omega]i_max = 0.25;
Pin,i_max = driver power input at maximum rotating speed
of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section II.C.1.1 of this appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
the flow at BEP and maximum speed.
C.2.2 Determine the weighted average input power at reduced
speeds of the circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.029
Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
speeds of the circulator pump (hp);
[omega]i_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = driver power input at reduced rotating
speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section II.C.1.2 of this appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, and 75 percent of the
flow at BEP with head at or above the reference system curve.
III. Testing and Calculation of CER for Circulator Pumps With Manual
Speed Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section III applies only to circulator pumps sold with
manual speed controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver power input.
B.1 Determine the driver power input at 25, 50, and 75 percent
of the measured BEP flow rate at maximum speed (as determined
according to section I.E.2 of this appendix) of the tested
circulator pump in accordance with Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021.
B.2 Determine the driver power input at 100 percent of BEP flow
at maximum speed and at 25, 50, and 75 percent of the BEP flow rate
at reduced speed by manually setting the speed of the circulator
pump and measuring the driver power input at those flow rates with
the following additional requirements:
B.2.1 The tested control curve must:
(1) Be available to the end-user,
(2) Produce a head equal to or greater than 25 percent of BEP
head at a minimum of one test point, and
(3) Achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the reference system curve
defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix.
B.2.2 All tested flow values must be within 5
percent of the target flow load points as specified by the reference
system curve.
B.2.3 For tested head values that are at or above the head load
points specified by the reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow point using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.030
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,i = the tested driver power input at load point i
(hp).
B.2.4 For tested head values that are below the head load points
specified by the reference system curve, adjust the tested driver
power input to the specified flow and head point using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.031
Where:
Pin,i_reduced = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.032
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
zmax = speed factor weight of 0.75;
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum
rotating speed of the circulator pump (hp), calculated in accordance
with section III.C.1 of this appendix;
zreduced = speed factor weight of 0.25;
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
rotating speeds of the circulator pump (hp), calculated in
accordance with section III.C.2 of this appendix.
C.1 Determine the weighted average input power at maximum speed
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.033
Where:
Pin_max = weighted average input power at maximum speed
of the circulator pump (hp);
[omega]i_max = 0.25;
Pin,i_max = driver power input at maximum rotating speed
of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section III.B.1; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
the flow at BEP and maximum speed.
C.2 Determine the weighted average input power at reduced speeds
of the circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.034
[[Page 72143]]
Where:
Pin_reduced = weighted average input power at reduced
speeds of the circulator pump (hp);
[omega]i_reduced = 0.3333;
Pin,i_reduced = driver power input at reduced rotating
speed of the circulator pump at each test point i (hp) determined in
accordance with section III.B.2 of this appendix; and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, and 75 percent of the
flow at BEP and reduced speed.
IV. Testing and Calculation of CER for Circulator Pumps With Pressure
Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section IV applies only to circulator pumps sold with
pressure controls, including adaptive pressure controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver power input.
B.1 Determine the driver power input at 25, 50, 75, and 100
percent of the BEP flow rate (as determined according to section
I.E.2 of this appendix) by measuring the driver power input at those
flow rates with the following additional requirements.
B.1.1 For pressure controls that are not adaptive pressure
controls, select the control settings according to section B.1.1.1
of this appendix, and evaluate the load points at 25, 50, and 75
percent of BEP flow using one of the methods specified in section
B.1.1.2 of this appendix.
B.1.1.1 If the minimum and/or maximum head values on the control
curve can be adjusted, adjust the maximum head value to 100 percent
of BEP head at maximum speed and the minimum head value to 20
percent of BEP head at maximum speed. If the maximum head values on
the control curve cannot be adjusted, select a control curve that
meets the following requirements:
The tested control curve must:
(1) Be available to the end-user,
(2) Produce a head equal to or greater than 25 percent of BEP
head at a minimum of one test point, and
(3) Achieve 100 percent BEP flow of the reference system curve
defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix.
B.1.1.2 Adjust the speed of the pump at flow rates of 25, 50,
and 75 percent of BEP flow using one of the methods specified in
sections B.1.1.3.1 through B.1.1.3.3 of this appendix. Only one
control setting may be evaluated.
B.1.1.2.1 Throttle the pump to the desired flow rate and allow
the selected pressure control to automatically reduce the speed
according to the control curve for the control setting being
evaluated.
B.1.1.2.2 Manually adjust the speed of the pump and throttle the
pump as needed to achieve speed settings equivalent to those that
would be generated by the control setting being evaluated.
B.1.1.2.3 Provide a simulated pressure signal and throttle the
pump as needed to achieve speed settings equivalent to those that
would be generated by the control setting being evaluated.
B.1.2 For pressure controls that are adaptive pressure controls,
select the control settings and adjust the speed of the pump
according to section B.1.2.1 or B.1.2.2 of this appendix. Adaptive
pressure controls may be manually adjusted to achieve 100 percent
BEP flow and head point at max speed.
B.1.2.1 If the pump can be manually controlled, adjust the speed
manually to achieve the load point flow rates with head values at or
above the greater of the reference system curve and the minimum
thresholds for head specified in the manufacturer literature.
B.1.2.2 If the pump does not have a manual control mode
available, adjust the speed based on the pressure control mode with
the lowest head at each load point. If the selected pressure control
mode results in a head value below the reference system curve, the
pump may be throttled to achieve a head value at or above the
reference system curve.
B.1.3 All tested flow values must be within 5
percent of the target flow load points as specified by the reference
system curve equation in section I.E.3 of this appendix.
B.1.4 For tested head values that are at or above the head load
points specified by the reference system curve, adjust the tested
driver power input to the specified flow point using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.035
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
B.1.5 For tested head values that are below the head load points
specified by the reference system curve, adjust the tested driver
power input to the specified flow and head point using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.036
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.037
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
[omega]i = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow.
V. Testing and Calculation of CER for Circulator Pumps With Temperature
Controls
A. Scope.
A.1 This section V applies only to circulator pumps sold with
temperature controls.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver power input.
B.1 Adjust the speed of the pump using a manual speed adjustment
or a simulated temperature signal to activate the temperature
control to achieve flow rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of the
BEP flow rate (as determined according to section I.E.2 of this
appendix) with head values that are at or above the reference system
curve (defined in section I.E.3 of this appendix). Measure the
driver power input at those flow rates.
B.1.1 All tested flow values must be within 5
percent of the target flow load points as specified by the reference
system curve.
B.1.2 For tested head values that are more than 10 percent above
the reference system curve, adjust the tested driver power input to
the specified flow point using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.038
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
B.1.3 For tested head values within 10 percent of
the head load points specified by the reference system curve, adjust
the tested driver power input to the specified flow and head point
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.039
Where:
Pin,i = the driver power input (hp);
HR,i = the specified head at load point i based on the
reference system curve (ft);
HT,j = the tested head at load point j (ft);
QR,i = the specified flow rate at load point i based on
the reference system curve (gpm);
QT,j = the tested flow rate at load point j (gpm); and
PT,j = the tested driver power input at load point j
(hp).
B.1.4 If the tested head value is below the head load point
specified by the reference system curve by more than 10 percent, the
test point must be retested.
[[Page 72144]]
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.040
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
[omega]i = weight of 0.05, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.15 at test
points of 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of BEP flow, respectively;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow.
VI. Testing and Calculation of CER for Circulator Pumps Without
External Input Signal, Manual, Pressure, or Temperature Controls (Full
Speed Test)
A. Scope.
A.1 This section VI applies only to circulator pumps sold
without external input signal, manual, pressure, or temperature
controls, or to any conduct of a full speed test.
B. Determination of circulator pump driver power input. At
maximum speed of rotation, determine the driver power input at 25,
50, 75, and 100 percent of the measured BEP flow rate (as determined
according to section I.E.2 of this appendix) of the tested
circulator pump in accordance with Appendix E of HI 40.6-2021.
C. Calculating the circulator energy rating. Determine the CER
of each tested circulator pump using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20DE21.041
Where:
CER = circulator energy rating (hp);
[omega]i = 0.25;
Pin,i = driver power input at each test point i (hp); and
i = test point(s) corresponding to 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of
BEP flow.
[FR Doc. 2021-25414 Filed 12-17-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
