Safety Standard for Infant Swings, 59609-59612 [2021-23453]
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59609
Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
Vol. 86, No. 206
Thursday, October 28, 2021
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains regulatory documents having general
applicability and legal effect, most of which
are keyed to and codified in the Code of
Federal Regulations, which is published under
50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by
the Superintendent of Documents.
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY
COMMISSION
16 CFR Part 1223
[Docket No. CPSC–2013–0025]
Safety Standard for Infant Swings
Consumer Product Safety
Commission.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
Direct final rule.
In November 2012, the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission
(CPSC) published a consumer product
safety standard for infant swings under
section 104 of the Consumer Product
Safety Improvement Act of 2008
(CPSIA). The standard incorporated by
reference the ASTM voluntary standard
for infant swings that was in effect at
that time. The CPSIA sets forth a
process for updating mandatory
standards for durable infant or toddler
products that are based on a voluntary
standard when a voluntary standards
organization revises the standard.
Consistent with the CPSIA update
process, in January 2021, the
Commission issued a direct final rule to
revise the incorporation by reference for
the mandatory infant swings standard,
to reflect ASTM’s 2020 revised
voluntary standard for infant swings.
This direct final rule updates the
mandatory standard for infant swings to
incorporate by reference ASTM’s 2021
version of the voluntary standard.
SUMMARY:
The rule is effective on January
29, 2022, unless CPSC receives a
significant adverse comment by
November 29, 2021. If CPSC receives
such a comment, it will publish a
document in the Federal Register
withdrawing this direct final rule before
its effective date. The incorporation by
reference of the publication listed in
this rule is approved by the Director of
the Federal Register as of January 29,
2022.
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DATES:
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You may submit comments,
identified by Docket No. CPSC–2013–
0025, by any of the following methods:
Electronic Submissions: Submit
electronic comments to the Federal
eRulemaking Portal at: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
The CPSC does not accept comments
submitted by electronic mail (email),
except through https://
www.regulations.gov and as described
below. The CPSC encourages you to
submit electronic comments by using
the Federal eRulemaking Portal, as
described above.
Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier Written
Submissions: Submit comments by
mail/hand delivery/courier to: Division
of the Secretariat, U.S. Consumer
Product Safety Commission, 4330 EastWest Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814;
telephone (301) 504–7479.
Alternatively, as a temporary option
during the COVID–19 pandemic, you
can email such submissions to: cpscos@
cpsc.gov.
Instructions: All submissions received
must include the agency name and
docket number for this direct final rule.
All comments received may be posted
without change, including any personal
identifiers, contact information, or other
personal information provided, to:
https://www.regulations.gov. Do not
submit electronically confidential
business information, trade secret
information, or other sensitive or
protected information that you do not
want to be available to the public. If you
wish to submit such information please
submit it according to the instructions
for written submissions.
Docket: For access to the docket to
read background documents or
comments received, go to: https://
www.regulations.gov, and insert the
docket number, CPSC–2013–0025, into
the ‘‘Search’’ box, and follow the
prompts.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Keysha Walker, Compliance Officer,
U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, 4330 East-West Highway,
Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone (301)
504–6820; email: kwalker@cpsc.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
ADDRESSES:
A. Background
1. Statutory Authority
Section 104(b)(1)(B) of the CPSIA,
also known as the Danny Keysar Child
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Product Safety Notification Act, requires
the Commission to promulgate
consumer product safety standards for
durable infant or toddler products. The
law requires these standards to be
‘‘substantially the same as’’ applicable
voluntary standards or more stringent
than the voluntary standards if the
Commission concludes that more
stringent requirements would further
reduce the risk of injury associated with
the product.
The CPSIA also sets forth a process
for updating CPSC’s durable infant or
toddler standards when the voluntary
standard upon which the CPSC standard
was based is changed. Section
104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA provides that
if an organization revises a standard that
has been adopted, in whole or in part,
as a consumer product safety standard
under this subsection, it shall notify the
Commission. In addition, the revised
voluntary standard shall be considered
to be a consumer product safety
standard issued by the Commission
under section 9 of the Consumer
Product Safety Act (CPSA) (15 U.S.C.
2058), effective 180 days after the date
on which the organization notifies the
Commission (or such later date
specified by the Commission in the
Federal Register) unless, within 90 days
after receiving that notice, the
Commission notifies the organization
that it has determined that the proposed
revision does not improve the safety of
the consumer product covered by the
standard and that the Commission is
retaining the existing consumer product
safety standard.
2. Safety Standard for Infant Swings
In November 2012, under section
104(b)(1) of the CPSIA, the Commission
adopted a mandatory rule for infant
swings, codified in 16 CFR part 1223.
The rule incorporated by reference
ASTM F2088–12a, Standard Consumer
Safety Specification for Infant Swings,
with modifications to the labeling and
test method requirements.1 77 FR 66703
(Nov. 7, 2012). At the time the
Commission published the final rule,
ASTM F2088–12a was the current
version of the voluntary standard. Since
promulgation of the mandatory infant
swings standard in 2012, ASTM has
1 The modifications included changes to the
required warning label content and a revised test
method to address an omission in the voluntary
standard for toy mobiles attached to swings.
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revised the voluntary standard five
times. ASTM F2088–20 is the current
mandatory standard incorporated by
reference in 16 CFR part 1223.
On August 2, 2021, ASTM notified
CPSC that it had revised the voluntary
standard for infant swings, approving
ASTM F2088–21 on May 15, 2021.2 As
discussed in this preamble, based on
CPSC staff’s review of ASTM F2088–21,
the Commission will allow the revised
voluntary standard to become the
mandatory standard because the revised
requirements in the voluntary standard
either improve the safety of infant
swings or are safety neutral.
Accordingly, by operation of law under
section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA,
ASTM F2088–21 will become the
mandatory consumer product safety
standard for infant swings on January
29, 2022. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(b)(4)(B). This
direct final rule updates 16 CFR part
1223 to incorporate by reference the
revised voluntary standard, ASTM
F2088–21.
B. Revisions to ASTM F2088
The ASTM standard for infant swings
includes performance requirements, test
methods, and requirements for warning
labels and instructional literature, to
address hazards to infants associated
with infant swings. ASTM has revised
the voluntary standard for infant swings
since ASTM F2088–20, which is the
current mandatory standard. On May
15, 2021, ASTM approved a revised
version of ASTM F2088 and published
ASTM F2088–21 in June 2021. This
section describes the changes in ASTM
F2088–21. The 2021 revision contains a
few editorial, non-substantive changes,
along with several substantive changes
to improve clarity, provide consistent
terminology, and harmonize wording
and warning label requirements
consistent with other juvenile product
standards. ASTM also made several
revisions to ASTM F2088 to align the
standard with wording changes initiated
by ASTM for all of its juvenile products
standards. Specific changes to the
standard from ASTM F2088–20 to
ASTM F2088–21 are described below.
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1. Substantive Changes
(a) ASTM revised the age and
developmental information for infant
and cradle swings to maintain
consistency between the scope,
definitions, and warnings sections of the
standard. Additionally, the revisions
harmonize the age and developmental
2 ASTM
published ASTM F2088–21 in June 2021.
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information with the ASTM F2194
Bassinets and Cradles standard.3
Specifically, ASTM:
• Replaced the statement ‘‘a child
who cannot climb out of the product’’
with ‘‘an infant’’ in section 1.3 (part of
section 1. Scope) when describing the
products and the intended user covered
under this consumer safety
specification. The use of the generic
term ‘‘infant’’ better defines the
developmental characteristics of the two
age groups already defined in the
standard: (1) ‘‘[infant] begins to push up
on hands and knees (approximately 5
months)’’ and (2) ‘‘[infant] attempts to
climb out of the swing (approximately 9
months).’’
• Added ‘‘to swing or glide’’ to the
definition of ‘‘cradle swing’’ in section
3.1.3 to describe the motions of this
product type, and to maintain
consistency with section 1 Scope and
with the motion types already defined
for ‘‘infant swings’’ in section 3.1.5.
• Replaced ‘‘can roll over or’’ with
‘‘begins to’’ in the definition of ‘‘cradle
swings’’ in section 3.1.3, and in the
warning statements in section 8.6.2
Cradle Swing, to maintain consistency
throughout the standard and to
harmonize the wording with ASTM
F2194 Bassinets and Cradles standard.
• Added the parenthetical statement
‘‘(approximately 5 months)’’ to the
warning statements in section 8.6.2
Cradle Swing, to maintain consistency
with the definition of ‘‘cradle swing’’ in
section 3.1.3.
The Commission concludes that the
substantive changes discussed above are
neutral to the safety of infant swings,
because they clarify the language of the
standard, to harmonize the provisions
throughout this standard and with other
ASTM juvenile product standards.
(b) After the publication of Revision F
of ‘‘Recommended Language Approved
by Ad Hoc Task Group,’’ 4 the ASTM
F15.21 subcommittee adopted the
battery informational statements and/or
warning language from the Ad Hoc
document and incorporated it to the
2021 revision of F2088. Additionally,
the revision consolidated the battery
language spread throughout the
standard into a single section titled 8.4
Battery-operated Product Marking under
section 8 Marking and Labeling.
To effect these changes, ASTM made
the following modifications:
3 A cradle swing falls within the scope of ASTM
F2194 Bassinets and Cradles standard when it is
not in motion (i.e., a cradle swing is a swing when
in motion and a cradle when at rest.)
4 Revision F of ‘‘Recommended Language
Approved by Ad Hoc Task Group’’ was published
on November 30, 2020.
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• Created section 8.4 Battery-operated
Product Marking to group all battery
cautionary information into a single
section;
• moved section 6.1.1 regarding the
battery compartment marking and
labeling to section 8.4.1 using the
language from the Ad Hoc Wording
recommendations;
• moved sections 8.6, 8.6.1, 8.6.2 and
8.6.3 regarding the battery cautions to
sections 8.4.2, 8.4.2.1, 8.4.2.2 and
8.4.2.3 using the language from the Ad
Hoc Wording recommendations.
The Commission concludes that
adoption of the Ad Hoc Wording
recommendations and consolidation
into an area-specific section are
improvements to safety because they
provide clear, concise guidance to
manufacturers to provide noticeable and
consistent warning labels on infant
swings.
(c) ASTM revised the requirement for
Instructional Literature in section 9.4
and moved it to section 9.2,
harmonizing it with the Ad Hoc
Wording recommendations and to
match the warning requirements with
the Marking and Labeling section of the
standard.
The Commission concludes that these
changes improve the safety of infant
swings, because they provide noticeable
warning information and instructional
literature that is consistent with the
corresponding on-product warnings.
2. Non-Substantive Changes
ASTM made minor formatting
changes to the standard, in accordance
with ASTM form and style guidelines,
such as changes to font size of the
metric system expressions.
Additionally, ASTM updated the
sections’ numbering hierarchy
throughout the standard, to reflect
added and updated sections. The
Commission finds that all the nonsubstantive changes made in ASTM
F2088–21 are neutral regarding safety
for infant swings, because they are
editorial in nature.
C. Incorporation by Reference
Section 1223.2 of the direct final rule
incorporates by reference ASTM F2088–
21. The Office of the Federal Register
(OFR) has regulations regarding
incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part
51. Under these regulations, agencies
must discuss, in the preamble to a final
rule, ways in which the material the
agency incorporates by reference is
reasonably available to interested
parties, and how interested parties can
obtain the material. In addition, the
preamble to the final rule must
summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(b).
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In accordance with the OFR
regulations, section B. Revisions to
ASTM F2088, of this preamble
summarizes the major provisions of
ASTM F2088–21 that the Commission
incorporates by reference into 16 CFR
part 1223. The standard is reasonably
available to interested parties and
interested parties can purchase a copy
of ASTM F2088–21 from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
19428–2959 USA; phone; 610–832–
9585; www.astm.org. Additionally, until
the direct final rule takes effect, a readonly copy of ASTM F2088–21 is
available for viewing on ASTM’s
website at: https://www.astm.org/
CPSC.htm. Once the rule takes effect, a
read-only copy of the standard will be
available for viewing on the ASTM
website at: https://www.astm.org/
READINGLIBRARY/. Interested parties
can also schedule an appointment to
inspect a copy of the standard at CPSC’s
Division of the Secretariat, U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Room 820, 4330 East-West Highway,
Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone: 301–
504–7479; email: cpsc-os@cpsc.gov.
D. Certification
Section 14(a) of the Consumer
Product Safety Act (CPSA; 15 U.S.C.
2051–2089) requires manufacturers of
products subject to a consumer product
safety rule under the CPSA, or to a
similar rule, ban, standard, or regulation
under any other act enforced by the
Commission, to certify that the products
comply with all applicable CPSC
requirements. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a). Such
certification must be based on a test of
each product, or on a reasonable testing
program, or, for children’s products, on
tests of a sufficient number of samples
by a third party conformity assessment
body accredited by CPSC to test
according to the applicable
requirements. As noted, standards
issued under section 104(b)(1)(B) of the
CPSIA are ‘‘consumer product safety
standards.’’ Thus, they are subject to the
testing and certification requirements of
section 14 of the CPSA. Because infant
swings are children’s products, a CPSCaccepted third party conformity
assessment body must test samples of
the products. Products subject to part
1223 also must comply with all other
applicable CPSC requirements, such as
the lead content requirements in section
101 of the CPSIA,5 the phthalates
prohibitions in section 108 of the
CPSIA 6 and 16 CFR part 1307, the
tracking label requirements in section
5 15
6 15
U.S.C. 1278a.
U.S.C. 2057c.
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14(a)(5) of the CPSA,7 and the consumer
registration form requirements in
section 104(d) of the CPSIA.8
E. Notice of Requirements
In accordance with section
14(a)(3)(B)(iv) of the CPSIA, the
Commission previously published a
notice of requirements (NOR) for
accreditation of third party conformity
assessment bodies for testing infant
swings. 78 FR 15836 (Mar. 12, 2013).
The NOR provided the criteria and
process for CPSC to accept accreditation
of third party conformity assessment
bodies for testing infant swings to 16
CFR part 1223. The NORs for all
mandatory standards for durable infant
or toddler products are listed in the
Commission’s rule, ‘‘Requirements
Pertaining to Third Party Conformity
Assessment Bodies,’’ codified in 16 CFR
part 1112. Id.
The revisions to ASTM F2088–21 do
not require any change in the way that
third party conformity assessment
bodies test infant swings. Therefore,
testing laboratories that have
demonstrated competence for testing in
accordance with ASTM F2088–20 will
have the competence to test in
accordance with the revised standard
ASTM F2088–21.
Therefore, the Commission considers
the existing CPSC-accepted laboratories
for testing to ASTM F2088–20 to be
capable of testing to ASTM F2088–21 as
well. Accordingly, the existing NOR for
this standard will remain in place, and
CPSC-accepted third party conformity
assessment bodies are expected to
update the scope of the testing
laboratories’ accreditations to reflect the
revised standard in the normal course of
renewing their accreditations.
F. Direct Final Rule Process
The Commission is issuing this rule
as a direct final rule. Although the
Administrative Procedure Act (APA; 5
U.S.C. 551–559) generally requires
agencies to provide notice of a rule and
an opportunity for interested parties to
comment on it, section 553 of the APA
provides an exception when the agency,
‘‘for good cause finds,’’ that notice and
comment are ‘‘impracticable,
unnecessary, or contrary to the public
interest.’’ Id. 553(b)(B). The Commission
concludes that when it updates a
reference to an ASTM standard that the
Commission incorporated by reference
under section 104(b) of the CPSIA,
notice and comment are not necessary.
Under the process set out in section
104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA, when ASTM
7 15
8 15
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U.S.C. 2063(a)(5).
U.S.C. 2056a(d).
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59611
revises a standard that the Commission
has previously incorporated by
reference under section 104(b)(1)(B) of
the CPSIA, that revision will become the
new CPSC standard, unless the
Commission determines that ASTM’s
revision does not improve the safety of
the product. Thus, unless the
Commission makes such a
determination, the ASTM revision
becomes CPSC’s mandatory standard by
operation of law. The Commission is
allowing ASTM F2088–21 to become
CPSC’s new mandatory standard. The
purpose of this direct final rule is to
update the reference in the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) so that it
reflects the version of the standard that
takes effect by statute. This rule updates
the reference in the CFR, but under the
update provision of section 104 of the
CPSIA, ASTM F2088–21 takes effect as
the new CPSC standard for infant
swings, even if the Commission does
not issue this rule. Thus, public
comments would not alter substantive
changes to the standard or the effect of
the revised standard as a consumer
product safety standard under section
104(b) of the CPSIA. Under these
circumstances, notice and comment are
unnecessary.
In Recommendation 95–4, the
Administrative Conference of the
United States (ACUS) endorsed direct
final rulemaking as an appropriate
procedure to expedite rules that are
noncontroversial and that are not
expected to generate significant adverse
comments. See 60 FR 43108 (Aug. 18,
1995). ACUS recommends that agencies
use the direct final rule process when
they act under the ‘‘unnecessary’’ prong
of the good cause exemption in 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(B). Consistent with the ACUS
recommendation, the Commission is
publishing this rule as a direct final
rule, because CPSC does not expect any
significant adverse comments.
Unless CPSC receives a significant
adverse comment within 30 days of this
direct final rule, the rule will become
effective on January 29, 2022. In
accordance with ACUS’s
recommendation, the Commission
considers a significant adverse comment
to be ‘‘one where the commenter
explains why the rule would be
inappropriate,’’ including an assertion
challenging ‘‘the rule’s underlying
premise or approach,’’ or a claim that
the rule ‘‘would be ineffective or
unacceptable without change.’’ 60 FR
43108, 43111. As noted, this rule merely
updates a reference in the CFR to reflect
a change that occurs by statute.
If the Commission receives a
significant adverse comment, the
Commission will withdraw this direct
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final rule. Depending on the comment
and other circumstances, the
Commission may then incorporate the
adverse comment into a subsequent
direct final rule or publish a notice of
proposed rulemaking, providing an
opportunity for public comment.
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA;
5 U.S.C. 601–612) generally requires
agencies to review proposed and final
rules for their potential economic
impact on small entities, including
small businesses, and prepare regulatory
flexibility analyses. 5 U.S.C. 603, 604.
The RFA applies to any rule that is
subject to notice and comment
procedures under section 553 of the
APA. Id. As discussed in section F.
Direct Final Rule Process of this
preamble, the Commission has
determined that notice and the
opportunity to comment are
unnecessary for this rule. Therefore, the
RFA does not apply. CPSC also notes
the limited nature of this document,
which merely updates the incorporation
by reference to reflect the mandatory
CPSC standard that takes effect under
section 104 of the CPSIA.
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H. Paperwork Reduction Act
The current mandatory standard for
infant swings includes requirements for
marking, labeling, and instructional
literature that constitute a ‘‘collection of
information,’’ as defined in the
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA; 44
U.S.C. 3501–3521). While the revised
mandatory standard updates the
provisions for marking, labeling, and
instructional literature regarding
consistency and clarity to be consistent
with other ASTM voluntary standards,
the revised mandatory standard does
not alter these requirements
substantively. The Commission took the
steps required by the PRA for
information collections when it adopted
16 CFR part 1223, including obtaining
approval and a control number. Because
the information collection is unchanged,
the revision does not affect the
information collection requirements or
approval related to the standard.
I. Environmental Considerations
The Commission’s regulations
provide a categorical exclusion for the
Commission’s rules from any
requirement to prepare an
environmental assessment or an
environmental impact statement where
they ‘‘have little or no potential for
affecting the human environment.’’ 16
CFR 1021.5(c)(2). This rule falls within
the categorical exclusion, so no
environmental assessment or
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environmental impact statement is
required.
J. Preemption
Section 26(a) of the CPSA provides
that where a consumer product safety
standard is in effect and applies to a
product, no state or political
subdivision of a state may either
establish or continue in effect a
requirement dealing with the same risk
of injury unless the state requirement is
identical to the federal standard. 15
U.S.C. 2075(a). Section 26(c) of the
CPSA also provides that states or
political subdivisions of states may
apply to CPSC for an exemption from
this preemption under certain
circumstances. Section 104(b) of the
CPSIA deems rules issued under that
provision ‘‘consumer product safety
standards.’’ Therefore, once a rule
issued under section 104 of the CPSIA
takes effect, it will preempt state or
political subdivision of a state
requirements in accordance with section
26(a) of the CPSA.
K. Effective Date
Under the procedure set forth in
section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA, when
a voluntary standards organization
revises a standard that the Commission
adopted as a mandatory standard, the
revision becomes the CPSC standard
within 180 days of notification to the
Commission, unless the Commission
determines that the revision does not
improve the safety of the product, or the
Commission sets a later date in the
Federal Register. 15 U.S.C.
2056a(b)(4)(B). The Commission is
taking neither of those actions with
respect to the standard for infant
swings. Therefore, ASTM F2088–21 will
take effect as the new mandatory
standard for infant swings on January
29, 2022, 180 days after the Commission
received notice of the revision on
August 2, 2021. Because it is a direct
final rule, unless the Commission
receives a significant adverse comment
within 30 days of this notification, the
rule will become effective on January
29, 2022.
L. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act (CRA;
5 U.S.C. 801–808) states that before a
rule may take effect, the agency issuing
the rule must submit the rule, and
certain related information, to each
House of Congress and the Comptroller
General. 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1). The CRA
submission must indicate whether the
rule is a ‘‘major rule.’’ The CRA states
that the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) determines
whether a rule qualifies as a ‘‘major
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rule.’’ Pursuant to the CRA, this rule
does not qualify as a ‘‘major rule,’’ as
defined in 5 U.S.C. 804(2). To comply
with the CRA, CPSC will submit the
required information to each House of
Congress and the Comptroller General.
List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 1223
Consumer protection, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Imports,
Infants and children, Law enforcement,
Safety, Toys.
For the reasons discussed in the
preamble, the Commission amends 16
CFR chapter II as follows:
PART 1223—SAFETY STANDARD FOR
INFANT SWINGS
1. The authority citation for part 1223
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: Sec. 104, Public Law 110–314,
122 Stat. 3016 (15 U.S.C. 2056a); Sec 3,
Public Law 112–28, 125 Stat. 273.
■
2. Revise § 1223.2 to read as follows:
§ 1223.2
Requirements for infant swings.
Each infant swing shall comply with
all applicable provisions of ASTM
F2088–21, Standard Consumer Safety
Specification for Infant and Cradle
Swings, approved on May 15, 2021. The
Director of the Federal Register
approves this incorporation by reference
in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and
1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy
from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959; phone:
(610) 832–9585; www.astm.org. A readonly copy of the standard is available
for viewing on the ASTM website at
https://www.astm.org/
READINGLIBRARY/. You may inspect a
copy at the Division of the Secretariat,
U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, Room 820, 4330 East-West
Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814,
telephone (301) 504–7479, email: cpscos@cpsc.gov, or at the National Archives
and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, email
fr.inspection@nara.gov, or go to:
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/
ibr-locations.html.
Alberta E. Mills,
Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission.
[FR Doc. 2021–23453 Filed 10–27–21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6355–01–P
E:\FR\FM\28OCR1.SGM
28OCR1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 206 (Thursday, October 28, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 59609-59612]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-23453]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 206 / Thursday, October 28, 2021 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 59609]]
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
16 CFR Part 1223
[Docket No. CPSC-2013-0025]
Safety Standard for Infant Swings
AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission.
ACTION: Direct final rule.
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SUMMARY: In November 2012, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
(CPSC) published a consumer product safety standard for infant swings
under section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of
2008 (CPSIA). The standard incorporated by reference the ASTM voluntary
standard for infant swings that was in effect at that time. The CPSIA
sets forth a process for updating mandatory standards for durable
infant or toddler products that are based on a voluntary standard when
a voluntary standards organization revises the standard. Consistent
with the CPSIA update process, in January 2021, the Commission issued a
direct final rule to revise the incorporation by reference for the
mandatory infant swings standard, to reflect ASTM's 2020 revised
voluntary standard for infant swings. This direct final rule updates
the mandatory standard for infant swings to incorporate by reference
ASTM's 2021 version of the voluntary standard.
DATES: The rule is effective on January 29, 2022, unless CPSC receives
a significant adverse comment by November 29, 2021. If CPSC receives
such a comment, it will publish a document in the Federal Register
withdrawing this direct final rule before its effective date. The
incorporation by reference of the publication listed in this rule is
approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 29,
2022.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by Docket No. CPSC-2013-
0025, by any of the following methods:
Electronic Submissions: Submit electronic comments to the Federal
eRulemaking Portal at: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments. The CPSC does not accept comments
submitted by electronic mail (email), except through https://www.regulations.gov and as described below. The CPSC encourages you to
submit electronic comments by using the Federal eRulemaking Portal, as
described above.
Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier Written Submissions: Submit comments by
mail/hand delivery/courier to: Division of the Secretariat, U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda,
MD 20814; telephone (301) 504-7479. Alternatively, as a temporary
option during the COVID-19 pandemic, you can email such submissions to:
[email protected].
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name
and docket number for this direct final rule. All comments received may
be posted without change, including any personal identifiers, contact
information, or other personal information provided, to: https://www.regulations.gov. Do not submit electronically confidential business
information, trade secret information, or other sensitive or protected
information that you do not want to be available to the public. If you
wish to submit such information please submit it according to the
instructions for written submissions.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to: https://www.regulations.gov, and insert the
docket number, CPSC-2013-0025, into the ``Search'' box, and follow the
prompts.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Keysha Walker, Compliance Officer,
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East-West Highway,
Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone (301) 504-6820; email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. Background
1. Statutory Authority
Section 104(b)(1)(B) of the CPSIA, also known as the Danny Keysar
Child Product Safety Notification Act, requires the Commission to
promulgate consumer product safety standards for durable infant or
toddler products. The law requires these standards to be
``substantially the same as'' applicable voluntary standards or more
stringent than the voluntary standards if the Commission concludes that
more stringent requirements would further reduce the risk of injury
associated with the product.
The CPSIA also sets forth a process for updating CPSC's durable
infant or toddler standards when the voluntary standard upon which the
CPSC standard was based is changed. Section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA
provides that if an organization revises a standard that has been
adopted, in whole or in part, as a consumer product safety standard
under this subsection, it shall notify the Commission. In addition, the
revised voluntary standard shall be considered to be a consumer product
safety standard issued by the Commission under section 9 of the
Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) (15 U.S.C. 2058), effective 180 days
after the date on which the organization notifies the Commission (or
such later date specified by the Commission in the Federal Register)
unless, within 90 days after receiving that notice, the Commission
notifies the organization that it has determined that the proposed
revision does not improve the safety of the consumer product covered by
the standard and that the Commission is retaining the existing consumer
product safety standard.
2. Safety Standard for Infant Swings
In November 2012, under section 104(b)(1) of the CPSIA, the
Commission adopted a mandatory rule for infant swings, codified in 16
CFR part 1223. The rule incorporated by reference ASTM F2088-12a,
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Swings, with
modifications to the labeling and test method requirements.\1\ 77 FR
66703 (Nov. 7, 2012). At the time the Commission published the final
rule, ASTM F2088-12a was the current version of the voluntary standard.
Since promulgation of the mandatory infant swings standard in 2012,
ASTM has
[[Page 59610]]
revised the voluntary standard five times. ASTM F2088-20 is the current
mandatory standard incorporated by reference in 16 CFR part 1223.
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\1\ The modifications included changes to the required warning
label content and a revised test method to address an omission in
the voluntary standard for toy mobiles attached to swings.
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On August 2, 2021, ASTM notified CPSC that it had revised the
voluntary standard for infant swings, approving ASTM F2088-21 on May
15, 2021.\2\ As discussed in this preamble, based on CPSC staff's
review of ASTM F2088-21, the Commission will allow the revised
voluntary standard to become the mandatory standard because the revised
requirements in the voluntary standard either improve the safety of
infant swings or are safety neutral. Accordingly, by operation of law
under section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA, ASTM F2088-21 will become the
mandatory consumer product safety standard for infant swings on January
29, 2022. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(b)(4)(B). This direct final rule updates 16
CFR part 1223 to incorporate by reference the revised voluntary
standard, ASTM F2088-21.
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\2\ ASTM published ASTM F2088-21 in June 2021.
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B. Revisions to ASTM F2088
The ASTM standard for infant swings includes performance
requirements, test methods, and requirements for warning labels and
instructional literature, to address hazards to infants associated with
infant swings. ASTM has revised the voluntary standard for infant
swings since ASTM F2088-20, which is the current mandatory standard. On
May 15, 2021, ASTM approved a revised version of ASTM F2088 and
published ASTM F2088-21 in June 2021. This section describes the
changes in ASTM F2088-21. The 2021 revision contains a few editorial,
non-substantive changes, along with several substantive changes to
improve clarity, provide consistent terminology, and harmonize wording
and warning label requirements consistent with other juvenile product
standards. ASTM also made several revisions to ASTM F2088 to align the
standard with wording changes initiated by ASTM for all of its juvenile
products standards. Specific changes to the standard from ASTM F2088-20
to ASTM F2088-21 are described below.
1. Substantive Changes
(a) ASTM revised the age and developmental information for infant
and cradle swings to maintain consistency between the scope,
definitions, and warnings sections of the standard. Additionally, the
revisions harmonize the age and developmental information with the ASTM
F2194 Bassinets and Cradles standard.\3\
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\3\ A cradle swing falls within the scope of ASTM F2194
Bassinets and Cradles standard when it is not in motion (i.e., a
cradle swing is a swing when in motion and a cradle when at rest.)
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Specifically, ASTM:
Replaced the statement ``a child who cannot climb out of
the product'' with ``an infant'' in section 1.3 (part of section 1.
Scope) when describing the products and the intended user covered under
this consumer safety specification. The use of the generic term
``infant'' better defines the developmental characteristics of the two
age groups already defined in the standard: (1) ``[infant] begins to
push up on hands and knees (approximately 5 months)'' and (2)
``[infant] attempts to climb out of the swing (approximately 9
months).''
Added ``to swing or glide'' to the definition of ``cradle
swing'' in section 3.1.3 to describe the motions of this product type,
and to maintain consistency with section 1 Scope and with the motion
types already defined for ``infant swings'' in section 3.1.5.
Replaced ``can roll over or'' with ``begins to'' in the
definition of ``cradle swings'' in section 3.1.3, and in the warning
statements in section 8.6.2 Cradle Swing, to maintain consistency
throughout the standard and to harmonize the wording with ASTM F2194
Bassinets and Cradles standard.
Added the parenthetical statement ``(approximately 5
months)'' to the warning statements in section 8.6.2 Cradle Swing, to
maintain consistency with the definition of ``cradle swing'' in section
3.1.3.
The Commission concludes that the substantive changes discussed
above are neutral to the safety of infant swings, because they clarify
the language of the standard, to harmonize the provisions throughout
this standard and with other ASTM juvenile product standards.
(b) After the publication of Revision F of ``Recommended Language
Approved by Ad Hoc Task Group,'' \4\ the ASTM F15.21 subcommittee
adopted the battery informational statements and/or warning language
from the Ad Hoc document and incorporated it to the 2021 revision of
F2088. Additionally, the revision consolidated the battery language
spread throughout the standard into a single section titled 8.4
Battery-operated Product Marking under section 8 Marking and Labeling.
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\4\ Revision F of ``Recommended Language Approved by Ad Hoc Task
Group'' was published on November 30, 2020.
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To effect these changes, ASTM made the following modifications:
Created section 8.4 Battery-operated Product Marking to
group all battery cautionary information into a single section;
moved section 6.1.1 regarding the battery compartment
marking and labeling to section 8.4.1 using the language from the Ad
Hoc Wording recommendations;
moved sections 8.6, 8.6.1, 8.6.2 and 8.6.3 regarding the
battery cautions to sections 8.4.2, 8.4.2.1, 8.4.2.2 and 8.4.2.3 using
the language from the Ad Hoc Wording recommendations.
The Commission concludes that adoption of the Ad Hoc Wording
recommendations and consolidation into an area-specific section are
improvements to safety because they provide clear, concise guidance to
manufacturers to provide noticeable and consistent warning labels on
infant swings.
(c) ASTM revised the requirement for Instructional Literature in
section 9.4 and moved it to section 9.2, harmonizing it with the Ad Hoc
Wording recommendations and to match the warning requirements with the
Marking and Labeling section of the standard.
The Commission concludes that these changes improve the safety of
infant swings, because they provide noticeable warning information and
instructional literature that is consistent with the corresponding on-
product warnings.
2. Non-Substantive Changes
ASTM made minor formatting changes to the standard, in accordance
with ASTM form and style guidelines, such as changes to font size of
the metric system expressions. Additionally, ASTM updated the sections'
numbering hierarchy throughout the standard, to reflect added and
updated sections. The Commission finds that all the non-substantive
changes made in ASTM F2088-21 are neutral regarding safety for infant
swings, because they are editorial in nature.
C. Incorporation by Reference
Section 1223.2 of the direct final rule incorporates by reference
ASTM F2088-21. The Office of the Federal Register (OFR) has regulations
regarding incorporation by reference. 1 CFR part 51. Under these
regulations, agencies must discuss, in the preamble to a final rule,
ways in which the material the agency incorporates by reference is
reasonably available to interested parties, and how interested parties
can obtain the material. In addition, the preamble to the final rule
must summarize the material. 1 CFR 51.5(b).
[[Page 59611]]
In accordance with the OFR regulations, section B. Revisions to
ASTM F2088, of this preamble summarizes the major provisions of ASTM
F2088-21 that the Commission incorporates by reference into 16 CFR part
1223. The standard is reasonably available to interested parties and
interested parties can purchase a copy of ASTM F2088-21 from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959 USA; phone; 610-832-9585; www.astm.org. Additionally,
until the direct final rule takes effect, a read-only copy of ASTM
F2088-21 is available for viewing on ASTM's website at: https://www.astm.org/CPSC.htm. Once the rule takes effect, a read-only copy of
the standard will be available for viewing on the ASTM website at:
https://www.astm.org/READINGLIBRARY/. Interested parties can also
schedule an appointment to inspect a copy of the standard at CPSC's
Division of the Secretariat, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Room 820, 4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone: 301-
504-7479; email: [email protected].
D. Certification
Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA; 15 U.S.C.
2051-2089) requires manufacturers of products subject to a consumer
product safety rule under the CPSA, or to a similar rule, ban,
standard, or regulation under any other act enforced by the Commission,
to certify that the products comply with all applicable CPSC
requirements. 15 U.S.C. 2063(a). Such certification must be based on a
test of each product, or on a reasonable testing program, or, for
children's products, on tests of a sufficient number of samples by a
third party conformity assessment body accredited by CPSC to test
according to the applicable requirements. As noted, standards issued
under section 104(b)(1)(B) of the CPSIA are ``consumer product safety
standards.'' Thus, they are subject to the testing and certification
requirements of section 14 of the CPSA. Because infant swings are
children's products, a CPSC-accepted third party conformity assessment
body must test samples of the products. Products subject to part 1223
also must comply with all other applicable CPSC requirements, such as
the lead content requirements in section 101 of the CPSIA,\5\ the
phthalates prohibitions in section 108 of the CPSIA \6\ and 16 CFR part
1307, the tracking label requirements in section 14(a)(5) of the
CPSA,\7\ and the consumer registration form requirements in section
104(d) of the CPSIA.\8\
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\5\ 15 U.S.C. 1278a.
\6\ 15 U.S.C. 2057c.
\7\ 15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5).
\8\ 15 U.S.C. 2056a(d).
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E. Notice of Requirements
In accordance with section 14(a)(3)(B)(iv) of the CPSIA, the
Commission previously published a notice of requirements (NOR) for
accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies for testing
infant swings. 78 FR 15836 (Mar. 12, 2013). The NOR provided the
criteria and process for CPSC to accept accreditation of third party
conformity assessment bodies for testing infant swings to 16 CFR part
1223. The NORs for all mandatory standards for durable infant or
toddler products are listed in the Commission's rule, ``Requirements
Pertaining to Third Party Conformity Assessment Bodies,'' codified in
16 CFR part 1112. Id.
The revisions to ASTM F2088-21 do not require any change in the way
that third party conformity assessment bodies test infant swings.
Therefore, testing laboratories that have demonstrated competence for
testing in accordance with ASTM F2088-20 will have the competence to
test in accordance with the revised standard ASTM F2088-21.
Therefore, the Commission considers the existing CPSC-accepted
laboratories for testing to ASTM F2088-20 to be capable of testing to
ASTM F2088-21 as well. Accordingly, the existing NOR for this standard
will remain in place, and CPSC-accepted third party conformity
assessment bodies are expected to update the scope of the testing
laboratories' accreditations to reflect the revised standard in the
normal course of renewing their accreditations.
F. Direct Final Rule Process
The Commission is issuing this rule as a direct final rule.
Although the Administrative Procedure Act (APA; 5 U.S.C. 551-559)
generally requires agencies to provide notice of a rule and an
opportunity for interested parties to comment on it, section 553 of the
APA provides an exception when the agency, ``for good cause finds,''
that notice and comment are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary
to the public interest.'' Id. 553(b)(B). The Commission concludes that
when it updates a reference to an ASTM standard that the Commission
incorporated by reference under section 104(b) of the CPSIA, notice and
comment are not necessary.
Under the process set out in section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA,
when ASTM revises a standard that the Commission has previously
incorporated by reference under section 104(b)(1)(B) of the CPSIA, that
revision will become the new CPSC standard, unless the Commission
determines that ASTM's revision does not improve the safety of the
product. Thus, unless the Commission makes such a determination, the
ASTM revision becomes CPSC's mandatory standard by operation of law.
The Commission is allowing ASTM F2088-21 to become CPSC's new mandatory
standard. The purpose of this direct final rule is to update the
reference in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) so that it reflects
the version of the standard that takes effect by statute. This rule
updates the reference in the CFR, but under the update provision of
section 104 of the CPSIA, ASTM F2088-21 takes effect as the new CPSC
standard for infant swings, even if the Commission does not issue this
rule. Thus, public comments would not alter substantive changes to the
standard or the effect of the revised standard as a consumer product
safety standard under section 104(b) of the CPSIA. Under these
circumstances, notice and comment are unnecessary.
In Recommendation 95-4, the Administrative Conference of the United
States (ACUS) endorsed direct final rulemaking as an appropriate
procedure to expedite rules that are noncontroversial and that are not
expected to generate significant adverse comments. See 60 FR 43108
(Aug. 18, 1995). ACUS recommends that agencies use the direct final
rule process when they act under the ``unnecessary'' prong of the good
cause exemption in 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B). Consistent with the ACUS
recommendation, the Commission is publishing this rule as a direct
final rule, because CPSC does not expect any significant adverse
comments.
Unless CPSC receives a significant adverse comment within 30 days
of this direct final rule, the rule will become effective on January
29, 2022. In accordance with ACUS's recommendation, the Commission
considers a significant adverse comment to be ``one where the commenter
explains why the rule would be inappropriate,'' including an assertion
challenging ``the rule's underlying premise or approach,'' or a claim
that the rule ``would be ineffective or unacceptable without change.''
60 FR 43108, 43111. As noted, this rule merely updates a reference in
the CFR to reflect a change that occurs by statute.
If the Commission receives a significant adverse comment, the
Commission will withdraw this direct
[[Page 59612]]
final rule. Depending on the comment and other circumstances, the
Commission may then incorporate the adverse comment into a subsequent
direct final rule or publish a notice of proposed rulemaking, providing
an opportunity for public comment.
G. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA; 5 U.S.C. 601-612) generally
requires agencies to review proposed and final rules for their
potential economic impact on small entities, including small
businesses, and prepare regulatory flexibility analyses. 5 U.S.C. 603,
604. The RFA applies to any rule that is subject to notice and comment
procedures under section 553 of the APA. Id. As discussed in section F.
Direct Final Rule Process of this preamble, the Commission has
determined that notice and the opportunity to comment are unnecessary
for this rule. Therefore, the RFA does not apply. CPSC also notes the
limited nature of this document, which merely updates the incorporation
by reference to reflect the mandatory CPSC standard that takes effect
under section 104 of the CPSIA.
H. Paperwork Reduction Act
The current mandatory standard for infant swings includes
requirements for marking, labeling, and instructional literature that
constitute a ``collection of information,'' as defined in the Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA; 44 U.S.C. 3501-3521). While the revised mandatory
standard updates the provisions for marking, labeling, and
instructional literature regarding consistency and clarity to be
consistent with other ASTM voluntary standards, the revised mandatory
standard does not alter these requirements substantively. The
Commission took the steps required by the PRA for information
collections when it adopted 16 CFR part 1223, including obtaining
approval and a control number. Because the information collection is
unchanged, the revision does not affect the information collection
requirements or approval related to the standard.
I. Environmental Considerations
The Commission's regulations provide a categorical exclusion for
the Commission's rules from any requirement to prepare an environmental
assessment or an environmental impact statement where they ``have
little or no potential for affecting the human environment.'' 16 CFR
1021.5(c)(2). This rule falls within the categorical exclusion, so no
environmental assessment or environmental impact statement is required.
J. Preemption
Section 26(a) of the CPSA provides that where a consumer product
safety standard is in effect and applies to a product, no state or
political subdivision of a state may either establish or continue in
effect a requirement dealing with the same risk of injury unless the
state requirement is identical to the federal standard. 15 U.S.C.
2075(a). Section 26(c) of the CPSA also provides that states or
political subdivisions of states may apply to CPSC for an exemption
from this preemption under certain circumstances. Section 104(b) of the
CPSIA deems rules issued under that provision ``consumer product safety
standards.'' Therefore, once a rule issued under section 104 of the
CPSIA takes effect, it will preempt state or political subdivision of a
state requirements in accordance with section 26(a) of the CPSA.
K. Effective Date
Under the procedure set forth in section 104(b)(4)(B) of the CPSIA,
when a voluntary standards organization revises a standard that the
Commission adopted as a mandatory standard, the revision becomes the
CPSC standard within 180 days of notification to the Commission, unless
the Commission determines that the revision does not improve the safety
of the product, or the Commission sets a later date in the Federal
Register. 15 U.S.C. 2056a(b)(4)(B). The Commission is taking neither of
those actions with respect to the standard for infant swings.
Therefore, ASTM F2088-21 will take effect as the new mandatory standard
for infant swings on January 29, 2022, 180 days after the Commission
received notice of the revision on August 2, 2021. Because it is a
direct final rule, unless the Commission receives a significant adverse
comment within 30 days of this notification, the rule will become
effective on January 29, 2022.
L. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act (CRA; 5 U.S.C. 801-808) states that
before a rule may take effect, the agency issuing the rule must submit
the rule, and certain related information, to each House of Congress
and the Comptroller General. 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1). The CRA submission
must indicate whether the rule is a ``major rule.'' The CRA states that
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) determines
whether a rule qualifies as a ``major rule.'' Pursuant to the CRA, this
rule does not qualify as a ``major rule,'' as defined in 5 U.S.C.
804(2). To comply with the CRA, CPSC will submit the required
information to each House of Congress and the Comptroller General.
List of Subjects in 16 CFR Part 1223
Consumer protection, Imports, Incorporation by reference, Imports,
Infants and children, Law enforcement, Safety, Toys.
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Commission amends 16
CFR chapter II as follows:
PART 1223--SAFETY STANDARD FOR INFANT SWINGS
0
1. The authority citation for part 1223 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Sec. 104, Public Law 110-314, 122 Stat. 3016 (15
U.S.C. 2056a); Sec 3, Public Law 112-28, 125 Stat. 273.
0
2. Revise Sec. 1223.2 to read as follows:
Sec. 1223.2 Requirements for infant swings.
Each infant swing shall comply with all applicable provisions of
ASTM F2088-21, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant and
Cradle Swings, approved on May 15, 2021. The Director of the Federal
Register approves this incorporation by reference in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959; phone: (610) 832-9585; www.astm.org. A read-only copy of
the standard is available for viewing on the ASTM website at https://www.astm.org/READINGLIBRARY/. You may inspect a copy at the Division of
the Secretariat, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Room 820,
4330 East-West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone (301) 504-7479,
email: [email protected], or at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this
material at NARA, email [email protected], or go to:
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
Alberta E. Mills,
Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
[FR Doc. 2021-23453 Filed 10-27-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6355-01-P