Continuing Education for Licensed Customs Brokers, 50794-50827 [2021-19013]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection

[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 173 (Friday, September 10, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 50794-50827]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-19013]



[[Page 50793]]

Vol. 86

Friday,

No. 173

September 10, 2021

Part II





Department of Homeland Security





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U.S. Customs and Border Protection





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19 CFR Part 111





Continuing Education for Licensed Customs Brokers; Proposed Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 173 / Friday, September 10, 2021 / 
Proposed Rules

[[Page 50794]]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

19 CFR Part 111

[Docket No. USCBP-2021-0030]
RIN 1651-AB03


Continuing Education for Licensed Customs Brokers

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland 
Security.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: This document proposes to amend the U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection (CBP) regulations to require continuing education for 
individual customs broker license holders (individual brokers) and to 
create a framework for administering this requirement. By requiring 
individual brokers to remain knowledgeable about recent developments in 
customs and related laws as well as international trade and supply 
chains, CBP's proposed framework would enhance professionalism and 
competency within the customs broker community. CBP has determined that 
the proposed framework would contribute to increased trade compliance 
and better protection of the revenue of the United States.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 9, 2021.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by docket number, by one 
of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments via Docket No. USCBP 
2021-0030.
     Mail: Due to COVID-19-related restrictions, CBP has 
temporarily suspended its ability to receive public comments by mail.
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name 
and docket number for this rulemaking. All comments received will be 
posted without change to https://www.regulations.gov, including any 
personal information provided. For detailed instructions on submitting 
comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the 
Public Participation heading of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section 
of this document.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov. Due to the 
relevant COVID-19-related restrictions, CBP has temporarily suspended 
its on-site public inspections of the public comments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elena D. Ryan, Special Advisor, 
Programs and Policy Analysis, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, at (202) 325-0001 or 
[email protected]; and, Melba Hubbard, Chief, 
Broker Management Branch, Trade Policy and Programs, Office of Trade, 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, at (202) 325-6986, 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Public Participation

    Interested persons are invited to participate in this rulemaking by 
submitting written data, views, or arguments on all aspects of the 
proposed rule. CBP also invites comments that relate to the economic, 
environmental, or federalism effects that might result from this 
proposed rulemaking. Comments that will provide the most assistance to 
CBP will reference a specific portion of the proposed rulemaking, 
explain the reason for any recommended change, and include data, 
information, or authority that support such recommended change. See 
ADDRESSES above for information on how to submit comments.

II. Executive Summary

    This notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) proposes to amend the 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) regulations to require 
individual customs broker license holders (individual brokers) to 
participate in continuing education activities (hereinafter, referred 
to as the ``continuing broker education requirement'') and to create a 
framework for administering this requirement. This section provides a 
brief summary of the proposed framework. A more detailed description of 
the proposed framework is contained in section IV of this NPRM.
    This NPRM proposes to require individual brokers to complete at 
least 36 continuing education credits per triennial period, with 
limited exceptions. Individual brokers reentering the profession 
following a period of voluntary suspension would be subject to a 
prorated requirement of one continuing education credit for each 
complete remaining month until the end of the triennial period. The 
proposed framework also exempts two groups of individual brokers from 
the continuing broker education requirement--namely, individual brokers 
who have voluntarily suspended their license in accordance with Sec.  
111.52 of title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 111.52), 
and individual brokers who have not held their license for an entire 
triennial period at the time of the submission of the status report as 
required under 19 CFR 111.30(d).
    Under the proposed framework, individual brokers could earn 
continuing education credits for a variety of training or educational 
activities, whether in-person or online, including the completion of 
coursework, seminars, workshops, symposia, or conventions, and, subject 
to certain limitations and requirements, the preparation and 
presentation of subject matter as an instructor, discussion leader, or 
speaker. Individual brokers would report and certify their compliance 
with the continuing broker education requirement upon the submission of 
the status report required under 19 CFR 111.30(d), which is due on a 
triennial basis.
    In order to ensure compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement, this NPRM also proposes regulatory provisions authorizing 
CBP to take disciplinary actions, if an individual broker submits a 
triennial report but fails to report and certify his or her compliance 
with the continuing broker education requirement on the triennial 
report. The proposed framework also includes provisions addressing 
other aspects of the administration of the continuing broker education 
requirement, such as accreditation and the selection of accreditors.

III. Background

A. Authority for Continuing Broker Education Requirement

    Section 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1641), 
provides that individuals and business entities must hold a valid 
customs broker's license and permit to transact customs business on 
behalf of others. The statute also sets forth standards for the 
issuance of broker licenses and permits, provides for disciplinary 
action against customs brokers in the form of suspension or revocation 
of such licenses and permits or assessment of monetary penalties, and 
provides for the assessment of monetary penalties against other persons 
for conducting customs business without the required broker's license.
    Section 641 authorizes the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the 
Treasury (Treasury) to prescribe rules and regulations relating to the 
customs

[[Page 50795]]

business of brokers as may be necessary to protect importers and the 
revenue of the United States and to carry out the other provisions of 
section 641. See 19 U.S.C. 1641(f). That authority was transferred to 
the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as a 
result of the enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Pub. L. 
107-296, 116 Stat. 2142). The Homeland Security Act of 2002 generally 
transferred the functions of the former U.S. Customs Service from the 
Secretary of the Treasury to the Secretary of DHS, and provided that 
the Secretary of the Treasury retains authority over customs revenue 
functions, unless specifically delegated to the Secretary of DHS. See 6 
U.S.C. 212(a)(1). Paragraph 1(a)(i) of Treasury Department Order No. 
100-16 contains a list of subject matters over which the Secretary of 
the Treasury retained authority. See appendix to 19 CFR part 0. The 
other functions of the former U.S. Customs Service not expressly listed 
in paragraph 1(a)(i) of Treasury Department Order No. 100-16 were 
transferred from the Secretary of the Treasury to the Secretary of DHS. 
As paragraph 1(a)(i) of Treasury Department Order No. 100-16 does not 
list the regulation of customs brokers, the Secretary of the Treasury 
did not retain authority over this subject matter. Accordingly, the 
Secretary of DHS is authorized to prescribe rules and regulations 
relating to the customs business of brokers as may be necessary to 
protect importers and the revenue of the United States and to carry out 
the other provisions of section 641. See 19 U.S.C. 1641(f).
    19 U.S.C. 1641(b)(4) imposes upon customs brokers the duty to 
exercise responsible supervision and control over the broker's 
employees and control over the customs business that is conducted. The 
statute also permits the Secretary of DHS to test persons for their 
knowledge of customs and related laws prior to issuing a license. 
Furthermore, based upon 19 U.S.C. 1641, CBP has promulgated regulations 
setting forth additional obligations of customs brokers pertinent to 
the conduct of their customs business. CBP believes that maintaining 
current knowledge of customs laws and procedures is essential for 
customs brokers to meet their legal duties. CBP proposes that requiring 
a customs broker to fulfill a continuing education requirement is the 
most effective means to ensure that the customs broker keeps up with an 
ever-changing customs practice after passing the broker exam and 
subsequent receipt of the license. CBP believes that 19 U.S.C. 1641 
provides authority to require, by regulation, continuing education for 
individual brokers.
    To enhance professionalism and competency within the customs broker 
community, CBP proposes to promulgate regulations to require continuing 
education for individual brokers and to create a framework for 
administering this requirement. CBP believes that requiring individual 
brokers to participate in continuing education activities would enhance 
the credibility and value of a customs broker's license and improve a 
broker's skills, performance, and productivity. This in turn would 
increase client service and compliance with customs laws, which would 
better protect the revenue of the United States.

B. Overview of Licensing Requirements for Individual Customs Brokers

    CBP is responsible for administering the licensing requirements for 
customs brokers. See 19 CFR part 111, subpart B. A prospective customs 
broker must pass a broker exam administered by CBP, which is designed 
to determine the individual's knowledge of customs and related laws, 
regulations and procedures, bookkeeping, accounting, and all other 
appropriate matters necessary to render valuable service to the 
broker's clientele.
    After an applicant passes the customs broker exam, CBP will 
investigate whether the applicant is qualified for a broker's license, 
taking into account information provided by the applicant and other 
aspects pertaining to the applicant, such as his or her business 
integrity. If CBP finds that the applicant is qualified and has paid 
all applicable fees, then CBP will issue a broker's license. Following 
the issuance of a license, a customs broker administratively maintains 
a license primarily through the payment of fees required in 19 CFR 
111.96, and the filing of reports and notifications to CBP as set forth 
in 19 CFR 111.30. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1641(b)(4), a customs broker 
has the statutory duty to exercise responsible supervision and control 
over the customs business that he or she conducts. See also 19 CFR 
111.1 and 111.28(a). A customs broker also has other legal obligations, 
to CBP and to the broker's clientele, including, but not limited to, 
the exercising of due diligence in making financial settlements, 
answering correspondence, and preparing paperwork or filings related to 
customs business. See 19 CFR 111.29(a).
    While the broker exam provides a good initial indication of an 
individual's knowledge of customs and related laws, regulations and 
procedures, bookkeeping, accounting, and all other appropriate matters 
(hereinafter, referred to as ``customs matters''), the broker exam is, 
by necessity, limited in scope. The broker exam only assesses a 
person's knowledge of the state of the customs and related laws at a 
certain point in time. The broker exam does not test for knowledge of 
any of the requirements of the more than 40 Partner Government Agencies 
(PGAs) \1\ involved in regulating imports. The complex nature of trade 
and the ever-changing and expanding requirements to comply with U.S. 
and international law requires that a customs broker maintain a high 
level of functional and accessible knowledge to ensure that a broker's 
clients remain compliant with the applicable laws over time. CBP 
proposes that requiring a customs broker to fulfill a continuing 
education requirement is the most effective way to ensure that 
individual customs brokers keep abreast of changes in customs and 
related laws, which is especially important because of the constant 
evolution of international trade and supply chains. CBP is proposing 
that, once individuals become licensed customs brokers, they must 
maintain sufficient knowledge of customs and related laws necessary to 
render valuable service to importers and drawback claimants through the 
completion of continuing education. CBP believes this will result in 
more competent licensed customs brokers who are well educated in 
customs law, regulations, and critical subject matter. A more competent 
customs broker community will prevent costly errors for their clients, 
potentially saving importers and drawback claimants from unwanted 
problems and relieving CBP from expending valuable examination and 
collection resources. The proposed regulations will create a framework 
for continuing broker education that would contribute to increased 
trade compliance and better protection of the revenue of the United 
States.
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    \1\ CBP enforces over 400 laws on behalf of over 40 other U.S. 
Government agencies, which are commonly referred to as Partner 
Government Agencies (PGAs).
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C. Assessment of Compliance Risks Managed by Customs Brokers in the 
Complex and Evolving Realm of International Trade

    Recent developments have demonstrated the need for key parties 
involved in importing and claiming drawback to keep up-to-date on 
training and continuously build and maintain their knowledge of current

[[Page 50796]]

requirements. For example, the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement 
Act of 2015 (TFTEA) (Pub. L. 114-125, 130 Stat. 122, February 24, 2016) 
required the issuance of new rules to protect domestic industry from 
dumping by foreign competitors (19 CFR part 165) and to modernize the 
processes surrounding duty refunds through the drawback program (19 CFR 
part 190). Both of these rules are complicated and detailed, requiring 
entities involved in international trade--particularly, customs brokers 
serving as the fiduciary agents of the affected importers and drawback 
claimants--to learn entirely new legal and technical processes. In 
addition to understanding the implementation of new regulations, a 
customs broker also needs to know how to research answers to complex 
questions. For example, determining the country of origin of imported 
merchandise is much less straightforward than it was in the past, as 
traders source inputs from various countries and may assemble those 
inputs in yet another country before a final product is fully 
manufactured or produced.
    The past several years, in particular, have posed challenges for 
both CBP and entities involved in international trade, requiring quick 
adaption to new requirements that compelled changes to operational 
processes. Low-value shipments (19 U.S.C. 1321(a)(2)(C)), the volume of 
which has exploded with the increase in the de minimis limit from $200 
to $800 as a result of section 901(c) of TFTEA and the online shopping 
revolution, have created multiple levels of issues for international 
trade that implicate security, health, safety, information collection, 
timely clearance, and duty evasion. The 2020 statutory implementation 
of the Agreement between the United States of America, the United 
Mexican States and Canada (the USMCA), which replaced the North 
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), requires a new body of knowledge 
to successfully implement and maintain compliance. See United States-
Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act, Public Law 116-113, 134 
Stat. 11 (19 U.S.C. Chapter 29). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic created 
an unprecedented impact on supply chains and international trade 
processes.
    The customs broker is at the heart of the aforementioned 
challenges, as the agent of the importer/drawback claimant who works 
with CBP to resolve problems and facilitate the safe and secure 
movement of legitimate cargo. CBP believes that the complex and 
evolving nature of international trade requires a mandatory continuing 
education framework for individual brokers involved in these trade 
processes. Simply relying on self-initiated efforts to maintain current 
knowledge is insufficient to ensure compliance with the wide array of 
applicable and evolving laws that is necessary to protect the revenue 
of the United States. Brokers who were assessed penalties by CBP 
between 2017 and 2020 have held their individual broker license for, on 
average, 37 years. In contrast, the average individual customs broker 
license has been held for just 24 years. This suggests that as more 
time passes since the passing of the customs broker exam, more errors 
are made. Additionally, as addressed in greater detail in section V.A. 
of this NPRM, which pertains to the requirements of Executive Orders 
13563 and 12866, CBP has seen a recent increase in penalties while data 
indicates that companies employing individual brokers who voluntarily 
pursue continuing education in the form of industry certifications 
generally commit fewer errors.
    Regular continuing education is a professional requirement for many 
dynamic professions, such as in the accounting, legal, and medical 
industries. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS), for example, has 
regulations covering tax professionals that include both an examination 
and a continuing education requirement. See 31 CFR part 10. These 
regulations were based, in part, on the Return Preparer Review report 
(January 4, 2010), which recommended continuing education for tax 
preparers to ``better leverage the tax return preparer community with 
the twin goals of increasing taxpayer compliance and ensuring uniform 
and high ethical standards of conduct for tax preparers.'' \2\ The IRS 
serves as the primary revenue collector of the U.S. Government and has 
a responsibility for protecting the revenue of the United States. 
Similarly, CBP is the second largest collector of revenue in the 
federal government, in the form of duties, taxes, and fees for imported 
merchandise, and likewise has a responsibility for protecting the 
revenue of the United States.
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    \2\ Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury, 
Return Preparer Review, IRS Publication No. 4832 (January 4, 2010), 
available at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-news/fs-10-01.pdf.
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    As CBP licenses customs brokers to conduct customs business, it is 
in the best interests of CBP and the PGAs to have a well-educated 
customs broker community. A customs broker's involvement in import and/
or drawback transactions eases the burden of the government; the 
customs broker takes on a large part of the role of educating importers 
and drawback claimants on the technical requirements of filing in the 
Automated Broker Interface (ABI) \3\ and informing them of regulatory 
requirements for the customs transactions in which they are involved. 
While there are some self-filers, the vast majority of entries of 
imported merchandise are filed by customs brokers on behalf of the 
importers of record. This dynamic generally allows CBP to target a 
smaller group of individuals when managing trade compliance for revised 
or new filing requirements. Thus, a customs broker community that 
continues to stay abreast of changes in the customs practice helps 
support CBP's crucial work. As the quality of such brokerage services 
suffers, this would cause CBP to expend additional resources to assist 
entities involved in international trade with navigating complex import 
and drawback requirements, which diverts limited resources away from 
other critical aspects of CBP's trade mission. To ameliorate that 
consequence, CBP proposes to require customs brokers to maintain their 
knowledge and skills through the completion of continuing customs 
broker education.
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    \3\ The Automated Broker Interface (ABI) is an electronic data 
interchange that allows brokers and entry filers (self-filers) to 
transmit immediate delivery, entry, and entry summary data 
electronically to, and receive electronic messaging from, CBP in the 
Automated Commercial Environment (ACE). See 19 CFR 143.1 and 
143.32(a).
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    Importers and drawback claimants also benefit from well-educated 
customs brokers who are aware of current requirements in the complex 
and evolving realm of international trade. When an importer or drawback 
claimant enlists the services of a customs broker, that customs broker 
is perceived to be knowledgeable of customs laws, regulations, and 
operational processes; however, an importer or drawback claimant does 
not know with certainty that the customs broker is in fact 
knowledgeable of all newly emerging requirements. The continuing broker 
education requirement would provide importers and drawback claimants 
with greater assurance that their agents are knowledgeable of customs 
laws and regulations, familiar with operational processes, and can 
properly exercise a broker's fiduciary duties.
    In recent years, the need for continuing broker education has also 
attracted the attention of international intergovernmental 
organizations, such as the World Customs Organization

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(WCO). In 2018, the WCO published the WCO Customs Brokers Guidelines, 
which is a guidance document wherein the WCO recognizes the need for 
mandatory continuing education for customs brokers.\4\ In the guidance 
document, the WCO notes that the passing of an initial broker exam does 
not ensure that customs brokers stay abreast of changes in customs and 
related laws and recommends that, on their own or in partnership with 
other governmental, private, or non-profit organizations, customs 
administrations should take on an active role in educating the customs 
broker community about changes in customs and related laws and 
reinforcing existing knowledge.\5\ Additionally, in the guidance 
document, the WCO notes that some countries already require customs 
brokers to complete continuing education.\6\ Accordingly, in proposing 
to require individual brokers to complete continuing education, this 
NPRM is generally in line with the WCO's recommendations on best 
practices for customs administrations.
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    \4\ World Customs Organization, WCO Customs Brokers Guidelines, 
at 28 (June 2018), available at https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/instrument-and-tools/tools/wco-customs-brokers-guidelines.aspx.
    \5\ Id.
    \6\ Id.
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D. Development of the Proposed Continuing Broker Education Requirement

    In recent years, the importance of continuing broker education has 
received attention on a domestic level. In 2013, the predecessor to the 
Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee (COAC) \7\ recommended 
that DHS issue regulations requiring customs brokers to complete a 
minimum of 40 hours of continuing education during a triennial 
reporting cycle, pursuant to CBP's authority under 19 U.S.C. 1641(f), 
on the condition that there be no accreditation requirements for such 
continuing education.\8\
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    \7\ COAC is jointly appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury 
and the Secretary of DHS and advises the Secretary of the Treasury 
and the Secretary of Homeland Security on all matters involving the 
commercial operations of CBP. Meetings of COAC are presided over 
jointly by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tax, Trade, and Tariff 
Policy of the Department of Treasury and Commissioner of CBP. See 
section 109 of TFTEA.
    \8\ For a list of COAC recommendations that were considered open 
as of April 27, 2016, see Commercial Customs Operations Advisory 
Committee, Term to Date Recommendations: Trade Modernization 
Subcommittee, Recommendation Nos. 10046-10047 (April 27, 2016), 
available at https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2019-Dec/_COAC%20Recommendations%20To%20Date%20010001%20-%20010412.pdf.
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    In September 2019, CBP formed the Requirements for Customs Broker 
Continuing Education Task Force (Task Force), which was placed within 
COAC under the Rapid Response Subcommittee. The objective was to 
develop a proposed framework for continuing education for individual 
brokers. This Task Force was comprised of representatives throughout 
CBP and licensed customs brokers from around the country with decades 
of experience with international trade. Through this Task Force, 
members provided valuable input, advice, and operational perspectives.
    In conjunction with the work of the Task Force and a previous COAC 
recommendation,\9\ CBP published an advance notice of proposed 
rulemaking (ANPRM) in the Federal Register (85 FR 68260) on October 28, 
2020. The ANPRM announced that CBP was considering the adoption of a 
continuing education requirement for licensed customs brokers. The 
ANPRM solicited comments on the tentative framework developed by the 
Task Force for purposes of gathering further information and data from 
the broader customs broker community. This request for information and 
data assisted CBP in considering whether, and if so what type of, 
requirements would contribute to increased trade compliance. The ANPRM 
solicited comments on the following issues:
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    \9\ See id.
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     The number of hours of continuing education that customs 
brokers should be required to complete;
     The customs broker license holders who should be required 
to complete continuing education (including license holders who should 
be exempt from the requirement or required to complete fewer hours of 
continuing education);
     The types of training, coursework, or other educational 
activities that should qualify for continuing education credit;
     The manner in which qualifying continuing broker education 
should be provided (online or in-person);
     Whether subject-matter-specific education requirements 
should be imposed;
     How compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement should be reported to CBP;
     What recordkeeping obligations should exist for the 
purpose of the continuing broker education requirement;
     What disciplinary actions should be taken if customs 
brokers fail to report their compliance with the continuing broker 
education requirement to CBP, or, in the alternative, fail to satisfy 
the continuing broker education requirement;
     What disciplinary actions should result from the 
submission of false or misleading information in association with the 
continuing broker education requirement;
     Whether disciplinary actions should be taken immediately 
upon a customs broker's failure to report compliance with the 
continuing broker education requirement, or whether customs brokers 
should be provided with an opportunity to take corrective actions, 
including the length of such period;
     Whether there should be an accreditation process to 
control the quality of the content of the various educational 
activities (including how such an accreditation process should be 
administered, how accreditors should be selected, and whether 
educational activities offered through certain content providers should 
automatically qualify for continuing education credit);
     The types of training, coursework, or educational 
activities that customs brokers already complete on a regular basis;
     How often customs brokers currently participate in 
continuing education;
     The costs customs brokers would anticipate to incur as a 
result of the implementation of a continuing broker education 
requirement; and
     The benefits customs brokers would anticipate as a result 
of the implementation of a continuing broker education requirement.
    The ANPRM provided for a 60-day public comment period, which closed 
on December 28, 2020. During the 60-day public comment period, CBP 
received 29 comments.\10\ Of the 29 submissions, 23 submissions were 
generally supportive of the implementation of a continuing education 
requirement and 5 submissions were not supportive of the adoption of a 
continuing education requirement. One submission consisted of a 
question, and, thus, neither expressed the commenter's support of or 
opposition to a continuing education requirement.
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    \10\ The public comments can be viewed in their entirety on the 
public docket for the ANPRM, Docket No. USCBP 2020-0042, which can 
be accessed through https://www.regulations.gov.
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    In developing this NPRM, CBP carefully considered all public 
comments submitted in response to the ANPRM. Below are summaries of 
comments on topics that received the most attention and short 
descriptions of

[[Page 50798]]

how they affected the formulation of the framework proposed in this 
NPRM. CBP will provide more detailed descriptions of the comments and 
responses to the issues raised therein when responding to the comments 
received for this NPRM.
1. Required Number of Hours of Continuing Education
    Seven commenters recommended that CBP require customs brokers to 
complete, at a maximum, 36 hours of continuing broker education every 
three years, rather than the 40 hours of continuing broker education 
per triennial period that was considered in the ANPRM. CBP believes 
that requiring individual brokers to complete on average one hour of 
continuing education per month will make it easier for individual 
brokers to plan their continuing education. Continuing education 
requirements of one hour of continuing education per month have been 
adopted for many other professions.\11\ CBP also believes that 
requiring more than 36 hours of continuing broker education per 
triennial period could be burdensome for the customs broker community 
(especially individual brokers operating as or working for small 
businesses) and a lower requirement would be insufficient to ensure 
that individual brokers keep abreast of changes in customs and related 
laws. Accordingly, CBP has adopted the commenters' suggestion in this 
NPRM and is proposing to require that individual brokers complete 36 
hours of continuing broker education per triennial period.
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    \11\ See, e.g., Ala. R. Mand. Cont. Legal Ed. Rule 3, available 
at https://www.alabar.org/assets/2019/02/MCLE-RULE-BOOK-2017-updated-01-17-2017.pdf (accessed on July 16, 2021); Ark. R. Minimum 
Con't Legal Educ. Rule 4, available at https://rules.arcourts.gov/w/ark/rules-for-minimum-continuing-legal-education#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc44590166/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgBYOBWATgAYAjADZhASgA0ybKUIQAiokK4AntADk6iRDi5sAG30BhJGmgBCZNsJhcCRcrWbrthAGU8pAEJqASgFEAGX8ANQBBADkjfwlSMAAjaFJ2MTEgA (accessed on July 16, 2021); 
Conn. Practice Book Sec.  2-27A, available at https://www.jud.ct.gov/Publications/PracticeBook/PB.pdf (accessed on July 
16, 2021); Cal Bus & Prof Code Sec.  1275, available at https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1275&lawCode=BPC (accessed on 
July 16, 2021).
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2. Qualifying Continuing Education
    Seven commenters suggested that corporate, in-house training should 
be eligible for continuing education credit. CBP agrees that corporate, 
in-house training can serve as an appropriate continuing education 
activity, as it is routinely given to employees to provide them with 
knowledge specifically tailored to their job functions and experience 
levels. As such, CBP's proposal would allow customs brokers to satisfy 
the continuing education requirement through corporate, in-house 
training if the training receives the approval of an accreditor. CBP 
believes that requiring corporate, in-house training to be approved by 
an accreditor will ensure that it meets the objectives of the 
continuing education framework proposed in this NPRM.
    Three commenters also suggested that any training or educational 
activity provided by CBP, or offered by any other U.S. Government 
agency that routinely offers training relevant to customs business, 
should automatically qualify for continuing education credit, without 
the need for accreditation. CBP agrees and believes that these types of 
activities should automatically qualify for continuing education 
credit, thus limiting the administrative burden and overall costs 
associated with the implementation of the proposed rule. Additionally, 
CBP's trainings are designed to educate the public about important and 
timely issues facing entities involved in international trade, and, 
thus, by virtue of their design, meet the objectives of continuing 
broker education--that is, to assist individual brokers in maintaining 
a sufficient knowledge of customs matters. Accordingly, CBP adopted the 
commenters' suggestion in this NPRM.
3. Specific Subject Matter Content Requirements
    Five commenters raised concerns pertaining to CBP's proposal to 
require customs brokers to complete a specific number of hours of 
continuing education on specific subject matter areas (content 
requirements). In the ANPRM, CBP solicited public comments on the 
adoption of a continuing broker education framework that would have 
required the majority (75 percent) of the required continuing education 
credits to pertain to laws authorizing CBP operations and processes, as 
well as CBP regulations and programs. Under the proposal considered in 
the ANPRM, only the remainder (25 percent) would have been available 
for education focusing on other areas related to international trade 
(such as other U.S. Government agency requirements).
    All commenters that addressed specific subject matter areas raised 
concerns about the adoption of the ANPRM's stringent content 
requirement. These commenters noted that such a content requirement 
would discourage individual brokers from participating in continuing 
education specifically tailored to their job functions and their 
experience levels, and, therefore, would inhibit professionalism and 
competency within the customs broker community. In light of the 
commenters' concerns, CBP is not proposing to require individual 
brokers to complete a specific number of hours of continuing education 
on laws authorizing CBP operations and processes, and CBP regulations 
and programs. CBP recognizes that the educational needs of individual 
brokers differ greatly based on each individual broker's position, 
experience level, and type of employment, and, thus, render content 
requirements impractical. Additionally, CBP believes that, as CBP and 
the PGAs offer a sufficient number of free, online-based trainings for 
an individual broker to meet the required number of continued education 
credits, there is little risk that an individual broker would opt to 
complete the same training or educational activity multiple times 
solely for the purpose of earning the required minimum number of 
continuing education credits.
4. Recordkeeping Requirements
    Four commenters agreed with CBP's suggestion that although 
individual brokers should maintain records documenting their compliance 
with the continuing broker education requirement (including specific 
information), they should not be required to maintain records in any 
specific format (i.e., electronically or in paper). Although the 
commenters agreed with this suggestion, several of the commenters 
requested that a form be developed in the Automated Commercial 
Environment (ACE) where customs brokers could record their credits as 
they are earned and accrued. In accordance with the commenters' 
suggestions, this NPRM does not propose requiring customs brokers to 
maintain records documenting their compliance with the continuing 
broker education requirement in any specific form, although the 
proposed regulations require such records to include certain 
information and documentation, which are discussed in further detail in 
section IV.C.4. of this NPRM. CBP appreciates the commenters' 
suggestion and will consider developing such a tool in ACE. If 
developed, customs brokers would not be required to use the ACE tool, 
but it would serve as an option for individuals to track their credits 
earned. However, this ACE tool would not be a substitute for 
maintaining records documenting compliance with the continuing broker 
education requirement.

[[Page 50799]]

5. Economic Impact
    Four commenters raised concerns about the costs of requiring 
continuing education and the potential impact of a continuing broker 
education requirement on small businesses. CBP appreciates these 
comments and has developed the proposed framework for continuing broker 
education with this concern in mind. In addition to lowering the 
originally proposed number of required hours of continuing education, 
CBP is also committed to providing free, online content that will 
satisfy the continuing broker education requirement. CBP already 
provides at least 36 hours of training or informational webinars on an 
annual basis, which would allow individual brokers to fully satisfy the 
continuing broker education requirement through free, CBP-provided 
content. As described in more detail below, CBP is also proposing that, 
once accreditation has been obtained for training or educational 
activities, the vast majority of continuing education currently 
obtained at a broker's expense for various certificate programs offered 
by the private sector would qualify for continuing education credit.
6. Effectiveness of Continuing Education
    Five commenters were opposed to the introduction of a continuing 
education requirement for customs brokers, arguing that this would not 
affect compliance and that customs brokers demonstrate their knowledge 
of customs business on a transactional basis with their clients. A 
number of the commenters also requested that customs brokers who do not 
actively file entries should be exempt from the requirement. CBP 
disagrees and is proposing that all individual brokers, regardless of 
filing status, earn continuing education credit, with the exception of 
those individual brokers who have voluntarily suspended their licenses 
in accordance with 19 CFR 111.52. Furthermore, CBP continues to believe 
that the complex and evolving realm of international trade warrants a 
continuing education framework for individual brokers.

IV. Discussion of Proposed Framework for Continuing Education for 
Licensed Customs Brokers

    CBP is proposing amendments to 19 CFR part 111 to require 
continuing education for individual customs broker license holders. 
CBP's proposal includes the addition of a new subpart F to 19 CFR part 
111, consisting of Sec. Sec.  111.101 through 111.104, which will set 
forth the continuing broker education requirement and the framework for 
administering this requirement. Proposed Sec.  111.101 sets forth the 
scope of proposed subpart F, proposed Sec.  111.102 sets forth the 
obligations that individual customs brokers would have in conjunction 
with the continuing broker education requirement, proposed Sec.  
111.103 contains the requirements that educational activities would be 
required to meet in order to satisfy the continuing broker education 
requirement and sets forth an accreditation process for certain 
training or educational activities, and proposed Sec.  111.104 sets 
forth the disciplinary proceedings for the failure to comply with the 
continuing broker education requirement.
    CBP is also proposing to amend several existing provisions in 19 
CFR part 111. CBP is proposing to require individual brokers to certify 
and report their compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement as part of the submission of the status report, which is 
due on a triennial basis (hereinafter, referred to as ``status report'' 
or ``triennial report'') by amending Sec.  111.30(d). Additionally, CBP 
is proposing to amend Sec.  111.0, which sets forth the scope of part 
111, in order to reflect the addition of proposed subpart F, and amend 
Sec.  111.1, which is a definitional provision, in order to define 
certain terms as they are used in the context of the continuing broker 
education requirement. Finally, CBP is proposing to reserve Sec. Sec.  
111.97 through 111.100 for future use. The proposed changes are 
described in detail below.

A. Modifications to the Scope of 19 CFR Part 111

    Section 111.0 sets forth the scope of the provisions contained in 
19 CFR part 111, which currently include the licensing of, and granting 
of permits to, persons desiring to transact customs business as customs 
brokers, the duties and responsibilities of customs brokers, and the 
grounds for disciplining customs brokers. CBP is proposing to revise 
the second sentence of Sec.  111.0 to reflect the proposed addition of 
regulatory provisions requiring individual brokers to satisfy a 
continuing education requirement.

B. Definitions for the Proposed Continuing Broker Education Framework

    Section 111.1 provides definitions for terms as they appear in 19 
CFR part 111. For purposes of the creation of a continuing education 
requirement for individual brokers, CBP is proposing the addition of 
definitions of four terms--``continuing broker education requirement'', 
``continuing education credit'', ``qualifying continuing broker 
education'', and ``triennial period''. Although amended Sec.  111.1 
would continue to list definitions in alphabetical order, this section 
discusses the proposed definitions in logical order, for explanatory 
purposes.
    The term ``qualifying continuing broker education'' defines any 
training or educational activity that is eligible or, if required, has 
been approved for continuing education credit, in accordance with 
proposed Sec.  111.103. This definition indicates that a wide range of 
training or educational activities will meet an individual broker's 
obligation to complete continuing education, which must satisfy the 
requirements set forth in proposed Sec.  111.103.
    The term ``continuing education credit'' defines the unit of 
measurement used for meeting the continuing broker education 
requirement. The smallest recognized unit is one continuing education 
credit, which requires 60 minutes of continuous participation in a 
qualifying continuing broker education program, as defined in proposed 
Sec.  111.103(a). For qualifying continuing broker education lasting 
more than 60 minutes, one continuing education credit may be claimed 
for the first 60 minutes of continuous participation, and half of one 
continuing education credit may be claimed for every full 30 minutes of 
continuous participation thereafter. For example, for a qualifying 
continuing broker education program lasting more than 60 minutes but 
less than 90 minutes, only one continuing education credit may be 
claimed. In contrast, for a qualifying continuing broker education 
program lasting 90 minutes, 1.5 continuing education credits may be 
claimed.
    The term ``continuing broker education requirement'' defines an 
individual customs broker license holder's obligation to complete a 
certain number of continuing education credits of qualifying continuing 
broker education, as set forth in proposed subpart F of part 111, in 
order to maintain sufficient knowledge of customs and related laws, 
regulations, and procedures, bookkeeping, accounting, and all other 
appropriate matters necessary to render valuable service to importers 
and drawback claimants.
    The term ``triennial period'' defines a period of three years 
commencing on February 1, 1985, or on February 1 in

[[Page 50800]]

any third year thereafter.\12\ As explained in further detail below, 
CBP is proposing to require individual brokers to report and certify 
compliance with the continuing broker education requirement on the 
triennial report. Thus, for purposes of clarification, CBP is proposing 
a definition for the 3-year period between the due dates of two 
consecutive status reports.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ February 1, 1985, was the first due date for the triennial 
reporting requirement, and, thus, February 1 in any third year 
thereafter is the date on which the triennial report becomes due. 
See 19 CFR 111.30(d)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Continuing Education Requirements for Customs Brokers

    In addition to requiring individual brokers to participate in 
continuing education activities, the proposed framework includes 
provisions imposing additional related duties upon individual brokers, 
such as reporting and recordkeeping requirements, that promote 
compliance and allow for the enforcement of the continuing education 
requirement. For these reasons, the proposed framework also contains 
provisions authorizing disciplinary actions upon a broker's failure to 
comply with these requirements. These requirements are contained in 
proposed Sec. Sec.  111.102 and 111.104, which are discussed in detail 
below.
1. Customs Broker License Holders Subject to Continuing Broker 
Education Requirement
    Proposed Sec.  111.102(a) sets forth the customs broker license 
holders who will be subject to the continuing broker education 
requirement. Specifically, proposed Sec.  111.102(a) provides that only 
individual customs broker license holders (individual brokers) will be 
required to complete qualifying continuing broker education. Proposed 
Sec.  111.102(a) also exempts two groups of individual brokers from 
this requirement--namely, individual brokers who have voluntarily 
suspended their license in accordance with Sec.  111.52, and individual 
customs broker license holders who have not held their license for an 
entire triennial period at the time of the submission of the status 
report as required under Sec.  111.30(d). CBP does not believe that it 
is necessary to require continuing education for individual brokers who 
have not held their license for an entire triennial period at the time 
that their first triennial report is due, because these individual 
brokers have recently demonstrated a sufficient baseline knowledge of 
customs matters by passing the customs broker examination.
    CBP is proposing to exempt individual brokers who have voluntarily 
suspended their license from the continuing broker education 
requirement because customs brokers may choose to voluntarily suspend 
their licenses for many reasons, including changes in a broker's 
personal life or the entry into federal service (which prohibits the 
customs broker from concurrently serving as a customs broker to 
transact customs business on behalf of clients in dealings with the 
federal government). As some of these reasons may prevent a broker from 
participating in or attending qualifying continuing broker education 
programs, CBP believes that requiring individual brokers to comply with 
the continuing broker education requirement during a period of 
voluntary suspension would be overly burdensome.
    At this time, CBP is not proposing to impose a similar obligation 
onto corporation, partnership, or association brokers (hereinafter, 
collectively referred to as ``corporate brokers''), because knowledge 
is held at the individual level. The reason is because corporate 
brokers are comprised of one or more individual brokers and the 
individual brokers will be subject to the continuing education 
requirement. Furthermore, the training required of the employees of a 
customs broker is already taken into consideration when determining 
whether the license holder exercises responsible supervision and 
control. Pursuant to 19 CFR 111.28(a), every licensed member or officer 
of a corporate broker that is an individual broker, as well as every 
individual broker operating as a sole proprietor, is obligated to 
exercise responsible supervision and control over the transaction of 
the customs business of the sole proprietorship, partnership, 
association, or corporation.\13\ Therefore, individual brokers who 
serve as members or officials of a corporate broker, as well as 
individual brokers who operate as sole proprietorships with employees, 
are already incentivized to ensure that the employees of the sole 
proprietorship, partnership, association, or corporation complete 
continuing education. Accordingly, CBP does not believe that it is 
necessary to impose a similar obligation on corporate brokers at the 
organizational level.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ Section 111.1 defines the phrase ``responsible supervision 
and control'' and provides, in relevant part, that one of the 
factors that CBP will consider in determining whether the customs 
broker exercises responsible supervision and control is the training 
required of the employees of the broker. However, the determination 
of what is necessary to perform and maintain responsible supervision 
and control will vary depending upon the circumstances in each 
instance. See 19 CFR 111.1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Required Minimum Number of Continuing Education Credits
    Proposed Sec.  111.102(b) sets forth the number of continuing 
education credits that individual brokers, who, pursuant to proposed 
Sec.  111.102(a), are subject to the continuing broker education 
requirement, must complete. Specifically, proposed Sec.  111.102(b) 
provides that these individual brokers are required to complete at 
least 36 continuing education credits per triennial period, except upon 
the reinstatement of a license following a period of voluntary 
suspension as described in Sec.  111.52. Upon consideration of the 
public comments received on the ANPRM, CBP is no longer proposing to 
require 40 continuing education credits per triennial period, as this 
will simplify the proration of continuing education credits for the 
purposes discussed below.
    When a broker chooses to reactivate his or her license following a 
period of voluntary suspension, the broker generally contacts CBP to 
begin the reinstatement process. This process determines the precise 
date on which the license will be reinstated, which may occur at any 
time during the triennial period. Thus, after a period of voluntary 
suspension, the completion of the full 36 continuing education credits 
within the remainder of the current triennial period could impose an 
undue burden upon the individual broker, depending on when during the 
triennial period the reinstatement occurs. To address this, proposed 
Sec.  111.102(b) provides that, following the reinstatement of a 
license after a period of voluntary suspension, the number of 
continuing education credits required for the triennial period (that 
is, the triennial period during which the reinstatement of the license 
occurs) is calculated on a prorated basis, of one continuing education 
credit for each complete remaining month until the end of the triennial 
period.
    For example, if, following a period of voluntary suspension, an 
individual broker's license were to be reinstated on March 21, 2028, 
the individual broker would only be required to complete 22 continuing 
education credits during the triennial period (February 1, 2027, to 
February 1, 2030) in which the license was reinstated. Effectively, the 
amount of continuing education credits required is prorated for the 
number of full months remaining in the triennial period (April 1, 2028, 
to February 1,

[[Page 50801]]

2030). As another example, if the individual broker's license were to 
be reinstated on February 1, 2027, the individual broker would be 
required to complete all 36 continuing education credits during the 
triennial period. When, following a period of voluntary suspension, the 
individual broker contacts CBP to request the reinstatement of the 
license, CBP will assist the broker in determining the prorated number 
of continuing education credits that he or she will be required to 
complete during the current triennial period.
3. Reporting of Compliance With the Continuing Broker Education 
Requirement
    Proposed Sec.  111.102(c) provides that individual brokers, who are 
required to comply with the continuing broker education requirement, 
will be subject to an additional reporting obligation. Specifically, 
CBP is proposing to require individual brokers to report and certify 
their compliance with the continuing broker education requirement upon 
the submission of the status report required under existing Sec.  
111.30(d).
    Current Sec.  111.30(d)(1) requires both individual and corporate 
brokers to file a status report with CBP. The status report is due on 
February 1 of each third year after 1985, and will be considered timely 
filed as long as the report is received during the month of February. 
As part of the submission of the triennial report, customs brokers are 
required to pay a fee, which is prescribed in paragraph (d) of Sec.  
111.96. Status reports must be addressed to the director of the port 
through which the license was delivered to the licensee (see Sec.  
111.15), or, since the February 2021 triennial period, can be filed in 
the eCBP portal (available at https://e.cbp.dhs.gov/ecbp/#/main). The 
information that must be included in a status report submitted by an 
individual broker is set forth in current Sec.  111.30(d)(2).
    As proposed Sec.  111.102(c) would impose upon individual brokers 
the obligation to report and certify their compliance with the 
continuing broker education requirement upon the submission of the 
status report, CBP is also proposing to amend current Sec.  
111.30(d)(2) to reflect this obligation by adding a new paragraph 
(d)(2)(iv) to reflect that individual customs brokers must report and 
certify their compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement. CBP is also proposing minor grammatical changes to 
existing paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (iii) of Sec.  111.30 in order to 
allow for the addition of proposed paragraph (d)(2)(iv); however, these 
changes are not substantive. Individual brokers who file paper-based 
triennial reports with CBP would report and certify compliance by 
including a written statement in the triennial report that reports and 
certifies their compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement.
    CBP is proposing to require individual brokers to report and 
certify compliance on the triennial report for two reasons. First, as 
the status report has been an integral part of maintaining a customs 
broker license since 1985, this mechanism is familiar to customs 
brokers and will minimize any additional burden that the new reporting 
obligation would place upon individual brokers. As individual brokers 
are already accustomed to the submission of status reports, individual 
brokers would not need to familiarize themselves with a new type of 
information collection. Second, aligning the timeframe for continuing 
education with the three-year filing timeframe for the status report 
will give individual brokers a number of years to earn the required 
number of continuing education credits. This will provide them with 
flexibility and the opportunity to select qualifying continuing broker 
education programs that best meet their individual educational needs.
4. Recordkeeping Requirements for Individual Customs Brokers
    In conjunction with the continuing education requirement, CBP is 
proposing to require individual brokers to maintain records documenting 
their completion of the required number of continuing education 
credits. This requirement is set forth in proposed Sec.  111.102(d), 
and is intended to enable CBP to verify an individual broker's 
compliance with the requirements set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of 
proposed Sec.  111.102.
    Proposed Sec.  111.102(d)(1) provides that, for a period of three 
years following the submission of the status report required under 
Sec.  111.30(d), an individual broker must retain certain information 
and documentation pertaining to the qualifying continuing broker 
education completed during the triennial period. Proposed Sec.  
111.102(d)(1) contains a list of the type of information and 
documentation that must be retained, consisting of: (1) The title of 
the qualifying continuing broker education attended; (2) the name of 
the provider or host of the qualifying continuing broker education; (3) 
the date(s) attended; (4) the number of continuing education credits 
accrued; (5) the location of the training or educational activity, if 
the training or educational activity is offered in person; and (6) any 
documentation received from the provider or host of the qualifying 
continuing broker education that evidences the individual broker's 
registration for, attendance at, completion of, or other activity 
bearing upon the individual broker's participation in and completion of 
the qualifying continuing broker education. The last item would include 
receipts or confirmations documenting the individual broker's intention 
to attend the qualifying continuing broker education program, written 
or electronic materials provided as part of the attendance of the 
training or educational activity, or certificates of completion or 
attendance. An individual broker would only be required to retain such 
documentation, if such documentation is made available by the provider 
or host of the qualifying continuing broker education to attendees of 
the training or educational activity. Unlike the general broker record 
retention requirement in current 19 CFR 111.23(b), the recordkeeping 
requirement in proposed Sec.  111.102(d)(1) only requires the records 
to be retained for a period of three years following the submission of 
the triennial report (rather than for a five-year period).
    Upon consideration of the comments received in response to the 
ANPRM, CBP is not proposing to require individual brokers to maintain 
the records in a specific format (i.e., electronically or in paper). 
For example, if the individual broker received paper documents in the 
mail or in person from an education provider, the individual broker 
could retain the information in that form, or could scan and retain it 
in electronic form. Based on several public comments to the ANPRM, CBP 
will explore building a tool in ACE that would serve as a place to 
record and track continuing education credits, but this would not be a 
substitute for document retention by the individual broker. Individual 
brokers would not be required to access or use this tool; rather, it 
would provide a means to record continuing education credits earned 
over time if convenient for the individual broker.
    Proposed Sec.  111.102(d)(2) provides CBP with authority to request 
the information and documentation for a period of three years following 
the submission of the status report required under Sec.  111.30(d)(2). 
CBP can request the information and documentation be made available for 
in-person inspection, or be delivered to CBP by either hard-copy or 
electronic means, or any combination thereof. Proposed Sec.  111.102(d) 
is intended to enable CBP

[[Page 50802]]

to verify an individual broker's compliance with the requirements set 
forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this proposed section--that is, the 
completion of the required number of continuing education credits 
during the triennial period.
5. Disciplinary Actions
    Proposed Sec.  111.104 authorizes CBP to take disciplinary actions, 
if an individual broker, who is required to complete qualifying 
continuing broker education, submits a triennial report but fails to 
report and certify his or her compliance with the continuing broker 
education requirement on the triennial report. These actions take a 
path of ``progressive discipline'' by imposing increasingly serious 
measures following a reasonable time and opportunity to take corrective 
actions. This approach is rooted in CBP's goal to ensure that all 
individual brokers participate in continuing education activities, but 
not to take disciplinary actions against brokers for mere clerical 
errors, such as the failure to report compliance with the continuing 
broker education requirement due to a mere oversight.
    Proposed Sec.  111.104(a) provides that, if an individual broker, 
who is required to complete qualifying continuing broker education, 
submits a triennial report but fails to report and certify his or her 
compliance with the continuing broker education requirement on the 
triennial report, CBP will notify the individual broker of his or her 
noncompliance. Pursuant to proposed Sec.  111.104(a), CBP would send 
the notification to the address reflected in CBP's records or transmit 
it electronically pursuant to any electronic means authorized by CBP 
for that purpose. This language would authorize CBP to send such 
notification to the mailing address that the individual broker listed 
on the status report or via email (if the individual broker's email 
address is on file with CBP).
    Proposed Sec.  111.104(b) requires the noncompliant individual 
broker to take appropriate corrective actions within 30 calendar days 
upon the issuance of such notification. During this period, the 
individual broker would be provided with an opportunity to take 
corrective actions without being subjected to any disciplinary 
consequences for his or her noncompliance. As reflected in paragraphs 
(b)(1) and (2) of proposed Sec.  111.104, the nature of the required 
corrective actions is determined by the reason for the individual 
broker's failure to report and certify compliance on the triennial 
report. If the individual broker completed the required number of 
continuing education credits, but failed to report and certify his or 
her compliance with the continuing broker education requirement on the 
triennial report, the broker would merely be required to submit a 
corrected triennial report that reflects the broker's compliance. If 
the individual broker did not report and certify compliance on the 
triennial report because the broker did not complete the required 
number of continuing education credits, the broker would be required to 
complete the required number of continuing education credits and then 
submit a corrected triennial report.
    Proposed Sec.  111.104(c) provides that, if the noncompliant 
individual broker fails to take the required corrective actions within 
30 calendar days upon the issuance of the aforementioned notification, 
CBP will take actions to suspend the broker's individual license. Upon 
the suspension of the individual broker's license and the issuance of 
the order of suspension, the individual broker would be provided with 
an additional opportunity to take the required corrective actions 
before CBP would take more serious disciplinary measures. Specifically, 
in paragraph (d), proposed Sec.  111.104 provides that, if following 
the suspension of the license the noncompliant individual fails to take 
the required corrective actions within 120 calendar days upon the 
issuance of the order of suspension, CBP will take actions to revoke 
the individual broker's license without prejudice to the filing of an 
application for a new license. As proposed Sec.  111.104(d) provides 
that the individual broker's license would be revoked without prejudice 
to the filing of an application for a new license, the individual 
broker would not be prevented from seeking a new individual customs 
broker license at a later point in time.
    Existing Sec.  111.53(c) provides the relevant basis for the 
suspension and/or revocation of a customs broker's license when an 
individual broker fails to submit a status report reporting and 
certifying his or her compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement. Section 111.53(c), which authorizes CBP to initiate 
proceedings for the suspension, for a specific period of time, or 
revocation of the license or permit of any broker for any violation of 
a statutory provision enforced by CBP or any rule or regulation issued 
by CBP, implements 19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(1)(C). Consequently, pursuant to 
19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(2)(B), as implemented by subpart D of part 111 (19 
CFR part 111, subpart D), CBP would be required to comply with certain 
formal procedural requirements in suspending or revoking the individual 
broker's license, which would conclude with the issuance of an order of 
suspension or revocation. This is reflected in paragraphs (c) and (d) 
of proposed Sec.  111.104 through the cross-references to subpart D of 
part 111. As such, CBP is not adopting either of the proposals 
considered in the ANPRM--that is, to suspend or revoke an individual 
broker's license by operation of law.
    The provisions of proposed Sec.  111.104 would only apply to cases 
in which an individual broker, who is required to complete qualifying 
continuing broker education, submits a triennial report but fails to 
report and certify his or her compliance with the continuing broker 
education requirement on the triennial report. CBP believes that any 
other type of misconduct could be sufficiently addressed through 
existing regulatory provisions. For example, if an individual broker 
were to fail to timely submit a triennial report, or to submit no 
triennial report at all, CBP would continue to seek the suspension and/
or revocation of the individual broker's license in accordance with the 
provisions of current Sec.  111.30(d)(4). Additionally, current Sec.  
111.53(a), which implements 19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(1)(A), authorizes CBP to 
initiate proceedings for the suspension, for a specific period of time, 
or revocation of the license or permit of a customs broker, if the 
broker has, among others, made in any report filed with CBP any 
statement which was, at the time and in light of the circumstances 
under which it was made, false or misleading with respect to any 
material fact, or has omitted to state in any report any material fact 
which was required.
    In the context of the proposed framework, CBP foresees that 
violations of Sec.  111.53(a) could arise from the following 
misconduct. First, a violation of Sec.  111.53(a) would occur, if an 
individual broker were to falsely report and certify compliance with 
the continuing broker education requirement on the triennial report 
when, at the time of the submission of the triennial report, the 
individual broker had not completed the required number of continuing 
education credits. This would include cases in which an individual 
broker, who has not yet completed the required number of continuing 
education credits, submits a triennial report on which the broker 
reports and certifies compliance, but later completes the required 
number of continuing education credits. Second, a violation of Sec.  
111.53(a) would occur, if, in accordance with proposed Sec.  
111.102(d)(2), CBP were to request additional documentation from an

[[Page 50803]]

individual broker to verify the broker's compliance with the continuing 
broker education requirement, and the documentation submitted by the 
broker were to contain any statement which, at the time and in light of 
the circumstances under which it was made, is false or misleading with 
respect to any material fact, or omitted a material fact. This would 
include the submission of falsified documentation, documentation 
containing false or misleading statements of material fact, or 
documentation omitting any material fact (such as the title or provider 
of a continuing education program, if the training or educational 
activity did not meet the requirements for qualifying continuing broker 
education). Third, a violation of Sec.  111.53(a) would occur, if, in 
accordance with proposed Sec.  111.102(d)(2), CBP were to request 
additional documentation from an individual broker to verify the 
broker's compliance with the continuing broker education requirement, 
and the individual broker were to be unable to submit any documentation 
in response to CBP's request.

D. Training and Educational Activities That Qualify as Continuing 
Broker Education

    Although amended Sec.  111.1 contains a proposed definition of the 
term ``qualifying continuing broker education'', this definition also 
provides that, in order to constitute qualifying continuing broker 
education, a training or educational activity must meet certain 
additional requirements. These requirements are set forth in paragraphs 
(a) and (b) of proposed Sec.  111.103. Specifically, paragraph (a)(1) 
sets forth requirements for categories of educational providers 
(including both government and non-government providers), while 
paragraph (a)(2) lists the types of training or educational activities 
that are recognized for purposes of the continuing broker education 
requirement. Paragraph (b) of proposed Sec.  111.103 contains 
provisions pertaining to continuing education credits that are earned 
as an instructor, discussion leader, and speaker.
1. Categories of Educational Providers
    Proposed Sec.  111.103(a)(1) divides training or educational 
activities into two categories based on the identity of the content 
provider offering the training or educational activity. Pursuant to 
proposed paragraph (a)(1)(i), the first category consists of training 
or educational activities offered by U.S. Government agencies. 
Specifically, paragraph (a)(1)(i) provides that qualifying continuing 
broker education constitutes any training or educational activity 
offered by CBP, whether online or in-person, and any training or 
educational activity offered by another U.S. Government agency, whether 
online or in-person, if the content is relevant to customs business. 
These types of trainings or educational activities would not require 
the approval of a CBP-selected accreditor and would qualify for 
continuing education credit automatically.
    CBP is proposing that training or educational activities offered by 
U.S. Government agencies should automatically qualify for continuing 
education credit, without the approval by a CBP-selected accreditor, 
because quality control of the content is less of a concern with regard 
to this type of content provider. Training or educational activities 
offered by CBP are designed to educate the public about important and 
timely issues faced by entities involved in international trade. Thus, 
CBP believes that, by virtue of their design, these training or 
educational activities meet the objectives of the continuing broker 
education framework--that is, to assist individual brokers in 
maintaining a sufficient knowledge of customs matters. Additionally, 
CBP believes that other U.S. Government agencies carefully select 
educational content based on timeliness and importance, and accurately 
present the content to members of the public.
    CBP believes that allowing training or educational activities 
offered by CBP, or other U.S. Government agencies, if they provide 
educational content that is relevant to customs business, to 
automatically qualify for continuing education credit will limit the 
administrative burden and costs associated with the implementation of 
the proposal. CBP's proposal deliberately provides individual brokers 
with wide latitude when determining whether a training or educational 
activity offered by an U.S. Government agency other than CBP is 
relevant to customs business. This discretion empowers individual 
brokers with the ability to select training or educational activities 
based on their individual educational needs. CBP also anticipates 
making a list of recommended U.S. Government agency provided training 
or educational activities publicly available on the CBP website to 
allow individual brokers to easily identify activities that are free of 
cost and automatically qualify for continuing education credit.
    Pursuant to proposed paragraph (a)(1)(ii), the second category of 
educational providers consists of training or educational activities 
offered by a content provider other than a U.S. Government agency. Any 
training or educational activity not offered by a U.S. Government 
agency (such as private-sector entities, non-profit organizations, and 
foreign government agencies), whether online or in-person, will not be 
considered qualifying continuing broker education, unless the training 
or educational activity has been approved for continuing education 
credit by a CBP-selected accreditor before the training or educational 
activity is provided. CBP is proposing to require accreditation for 
such training or educational activities to ensure that they offer 
educational content that is high-quality, current, relevant, and 
accurate, and that it is directly tied to customs business.
    As noted previously, CBP is not proposing the adoption of subject-
matter-specific content requirements at this time in order to enable 
individual brokers to participate in educational opportunities that 
provide them with knowledge directly relevant to their specific 
position and experience level. Additionally, to encourage the creation 
of low-cost educational opportunities that satisfy the continuing 
broker education requirement, CBP's proposal does not differentiate 
between educational opportunities that are offered online or in-person. 
CBP intends for this to minimize the costs to small businesses and 
customs brokers in remote locations so that individual brokers will not 
be required to travel to attend qualifying continuing broker education 
programs. CBP believes that the opportunity for individual brokers to 
earn the required number of continued education credits through free, 
online-based trainings would further incentivize individual brokers to 
select training or educational activities based on their educational 
needs and, thereby, limit the risk that individual brokers complete the 
same training or educational activities multiple times solely for the 
purpose of earning the required minimum number of continuing education 
credits.
    Regardless of who provides the training or educational activities, 
CBP anticipates that providers will issue certificates to customs 
brokers upon completion. CBP will make certificates of attendance 
available for all of its training or educational activities to those 
participants who want them. For online-based training or educational 
activities, CBP will make certificates of attendance available for 
download or printing at the conclusion of the presentation. For in-
person activities, such as the Trade Symposium, CBP will make paper 
certificates available to

[[Page 50804]]

licensed customs brokers to pick up prior to the end of the conference. 
Additionally, because one of the factors to become a CBP-selected 
accreditor will be to design and develop certificates for approved 
education providers to use as needed, certificates of attendance will 
also be available for any qualifying continuing broker education 
offered by private, non-profit, or foreign government entities.\14\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ As part of the RFP process, applicants will be required to 
provide CBP with information how they plan to handle the post-course 
certification process for those course providers who apply for 
accreditation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP will work with its PGAs to make them aware of the new 
continuing education requirements, if finalized, so that the PGAs can 
consider making available certificates of attendance or completion, 
whether in electronic or paper form. However, CBP is unable to require 
its PGAs to provide certificates of attendance or completion. Proposed 
Sec.  111.102(d)(1)(iv) thus only requires an individual broker to 
retain any documentation that the individual broker received from the 
provider or host of the qualifying continuing broker education that 
evidences the individual broker's registration for, attendance at, 
completion of, or other activity bearing upon the individual broker's 
participation in and completion of the qualifying continuing broker 
education. Therefore, the language in proposed Sec.  111.102(d)(1)(iv) 
accounts for the possibility that certificates of attendance or 
completion may not be issued for all qualifying training or educational 
activities provided by its PGAs.
2. Recognized Training or Educational Activities
    CBP is proposing that only certain categories of training or 
educational activities may be considered qualifying continuing broker 
education. The list of recognized categories of training or educational 
activities is contained in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iv) of 
proposed Sec.  111.103. Paragraph (a)(2)(i) provides that the first 
category consists of coursework, seminars, or workshops, whether online 
or in-person, that are conducted by an instructor, discussion leader, 
or speaker. This category would include most webinars, in-house 
training, university or college courses, or similar educational 
programs.
    Paragraph (a)(2)(ii) provides that the second category includes 
symposia and conventions, whether online or in-person. This category 
would include the annual CBP Trade Symposium and similar educational 
programs. However, meetings that are conducted in accordance with the 
provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. 
App.) (FACA), are expressly excluded from this category. As such, 
individual brokers would not be permitted to claim continuing education 
credit for their participation in committees, subcommittees, 
workgroups, and any other group organized under the auspices of the 
Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee (COAC), as well as 
public COAC meetings. CBP is proposing to exclude FACA meetings because 
these meetings do not serve an educational purpose. FACA meetings are 
intended, instead, to solicit advice from advisory committee members 
and to receive input from the public that may later form the basis for 
government decisions.
    The last two categories of recognized training or educational 
activities are set forth in paragraphs (a)(2)(iii) and (iv) which will 
permit individual brokers serving as instructors, discussion leaders, 
or speakers to receive continuing education credit for the time spent 
preparing a subject matter for presentation and presenting a subject 
matter (hereinafter, referred to as ``special allowance''). Paragraphs 
(a)(2)(iii) and (iv) provide that the subject matter must be presented 
as part of a training or educational activity that falls within one of 
the first two recognized categories of training or educational 
activities (that is, the categories described in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) 
and (ii) of proposed Sec.  111.103), and the special allowance for 
instructors, discussion leaders, or speakers is subject to the 
conditions and limitations set forth in proposed Sec.  111.103(b).
    While CBP is proposing to carve out a special allowance for certain 
instructors, discussion leaders, or speakers, CBP is not proposing to 
permit individual brokers to claim continuing education credit for 
authoring articles, books, or other publications. CBP believes that the 
learning involved in the authoring of a publication does not 
necessarily equate to the knowledge derived from a continuing education 
program that is current and developed by an individual or organization 
qualified in the relevant subject matter, as the learning does not 
necessarily include an interactive component. For this reason, CBP is 
also not including credit hours for independently reading articles, 
books, or other publications or for paid subscriptions to these types 
of materials. If these materials are part of an accredited course, then 
the course hours may be eligible for continuing education credit.
3. Special Allowance for Instructors, Discussion Leaders, and Speakers
    Proposed Sec.  111.103(b) sets forth additional requirements and 
limitations pertaining to the special allowance for instructors, 
discussion leaders, and speakers. In proposed paragraph (b)(1), CBP 
sets forth that, contingent upon the approval by a CBP-selected 
accreditor, an individual broker may claim one continuing education 
credit for each full 60 minutes spent presenting subject matter, or 
preparing subject matter for presentation, as a discussion leader, or 
speaker at a training or educational activity described in paragraphs 
(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    However, the special allowance for instructors, discussion leaders, 
and speakers is subject to limitations, which are set forth in proposed 
Sec.  111.103(b)(2) and (3). Specifically, proposed Sec.  
111.103(b)(2)(i) provides that, for any session of presentation given 
at one time, regardless of the duration of that session, an individual 
broker may claim, at a maximum, one continuing education credit for the 
time spent preparing subject matter for that presentation pursuant to 
paragraph (b)(1)(ii). Further, proposed Sec.  111.103(b)(2)(ii) also 
imposes a limit on the total number of continuing education credits 
that an individual broker can earn based on his or her activities as an 
instructor, discussion leader, or speaker. This limit is 12 continuing 
education credits per triennial period. CBP is proposing these 
limitations to ensure that individual brokers receive education in a 
broad variety of subject matters, not just provide instructions, 
possibly exclusively on the same subject matter.
    As specified in proposed Sec.  111.103(b)(3), any instructor, 
discussion leader, or speaker seeking to claim continuing education 
credit for the preparation of a subject matter for presentation, or the 
presentation of a subject matter, at one of a training or educational 
activity described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii) of proposed Sec.  
111.103, must obtain approval by a CBP-selected accreditor, regardless 
of whether the training or educational activity is offered by a U.S. 
Government agency or another provider. CBP is proposing this 
requirement in order to ensure that the effort and quality of the 
educational experience derived from the activities as an instructor, 
discussion leader, or speaker is commensurate with the award of 
continuing education credit.
    Like content providers, the means by which an individual broker 
claiming continuing education credits under the

[[Page 50805]]

special allowance would be notified of an accreditor's approval would 
vary based on the terms of the accreditor's contractual relationship 
with CBP, which is discussed in further detail in section IV.E. of this 
NPRM. Depending on the terms of the accreditor's contractual 
relationship with CBP, the individual broker would be notified of the 
accreditor's approval either in writing or electronically, or both. CBP 
anticipates that, as part of the selection process for the accreditors, 
it will require each accreditor to (1) provide CBP with a running list 
of activities that the accreditor approved, and/or (2) publish this 
list on its website. A failure to observe the requirements and 
limitations set forth in proposed Sec.  111.103(b) would result in a 
failure to comply with the continuing broker education requirement for 
the triennial period. Thus, if an individual broker were to fail to 
observe the requirements and limitations set forth in proposed Sec.  
111.103(b) and to report and certify compliance with the continuing 
broker education requirement on the triennial report, the individual 
broker would falsely report and certify compliance on the triennial 
report. As a result, CBP could impose disciplinary actions pursuant to 
proposed Sec.  111.104 and existing Sec.  111.53(a).

E. Accreditation of Providers of Continuing Broker Education

    CBP believes that it is necessary to implement an accreditation 
process for training or educational activities not offered by a U.S. 
Government agency, including the special allowance for instructors, 
discussion leaders, or speakers, to ensure that such activities meet 
the objectives of the continuing broker education requirement. Due to 
resource constraints, CBP is not well positioned to administer the 
accreditation of training and educational activities. Thus, CBP, 
through the Office of Trade, is proposing to select accreditors who 
will review and approve or deny such training or educational activities 
for continuing education credit. Below is a description of the 
selection process, which is outlined in proposed Sec.  111.103(c), and 
the accreditation process, which is outlined in paragraphs (d) and (e) 
of proposed Sec.  111.103.
1. Selection of Accreditors
    As reflected in proposed Sec.  111.103(c), CBP is proposing to 
select third-party accreditors using common government contracting 
procedures, which would include the issuance of a Request for 
Information (RFI) and a Request for Proposal (RFP). CBP would 
administer this process through the Office of Trade in accordance with 
the requirements of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (48 CFR chapter 
1) (the FAR). While selected accreditors would administer the 
accreditation of the training or educational activities as part of 
their contractual relationship with CBP, selected accreditors would not 
receive a monetary award from CBP as a result of this contractual 
relationship. However, selected accreditors would be permitted to 
charge content providers for their services to recoup their expenses in 
reviewing and approving or denying training or educational activities 
for continuing education credit, as long as the fees are clearly 
displayed on the accreditors' website and materials. The remainder of 
this section lays out the basic framework that CBP is proposing for the 
review and approval of potential accreditors. The specific obligations 
that accreditors under contract with CBP would be required to meet 
would be provided in more detail in the RFI, and then in even more 
granular detail, in the RFP.
    Because this is a new program for both CBP and the customs broker 
community, CBP plans to initiate the selection process through the 
issuance of an RFI. The RFI would be posted in the System for Award 
Management (available at https://sam.gov/SAM/) (SAM).\15\ The RFI would 
lay out the basic criteria that CBP believes a future accreditor must 
meet in order to successfully review activities for continuing 
education credit. Currently, CBP expects to propose the following 
criteria:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ SAM is a U.S. Government website operated by the General 
Services Administration (GSA), and there is no cost for any entity 
to use the system. Through SAM, any entity can register to do 
business with the U.S. Government, update or renew an entity's 
registration, check the status of an entity registration, and search 
for any entity registration and exclusion records.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     At least one key official in the entity must have a 
customs broker's license;
     A demonstrated knowledge of international trade laws, 
customs laws and regulations, and general customs practices for 
imported goods and goods subject to drawback;
     A demonstrated knowledge of other U.S. Government agencies 
that are involved in transactions of international trade;
     A list of professional references;
     Resumes for the key personnel who would be involved in 
accrediting course work;
     A description of the process for how someone would submit 
a training or educational activity proposed for credit to the 
accreditor, including electronic and online methods for submitting 
materials for consideration;
     A description of the criteria the accreditor would use to 
approve or deny trainings or educational activities for continuing 
education credit;
     A description of how the accreditor would avoid conflicts 
of interest;
     A description of how the accreditor would track 
accreditation activity for CBP review;
     A description of how customers can provide feedback to the 
accreditor and CBP on the approval process;
     An estimate of the ``turn around'' time for approving/
denying activities under consideration for accreditation; and
     An estimate of the charge, if any, for approving/denying 
an activity under consideration for accreditation.
    Based on these criteria, along with other details that would be 
provided in the RFI, CBP would then hold an ``industry day'' with 
interested parties. As CBP-selected accreditors would not receive a 
monetary award from CBP, CBP anticipates that trade associations and 
law firms specializing in customs matters will make up the majority of 
parties interested in becoming CBP-selected accreditors. However, CBP 
encourages all interested parties to participate in the RFI process as 
it will provide interested parties with an opportunity to provide input 
that will shape the accreditation process. As part of this industry 
day, CBP would present its needs and expectations for the accreditation 
process and receive input on its initial proposal from parties that are 
potentially interested in providing accreditation services. This 
information would then be used to refine the above-listed criteria and 
prepare an RFP. CBP would then post the RFP in SAM. Following the 
publication of the RFP, interested parties would then respond with 
their proposals of how they would administer the accreditation process 
based on the criteria set forth in the RFP. A party that participated 
in the RFI process would be under no obligation to put forth a response 
to the RFP. Conversely, if a party interested in applying to become an 
accreditor did not respond to the RFI or participate in the industry 
day process, that party would not be precluded from responding to the 
RFP. CBP is not proposing an ``application fee'' for interested parties 
to submit a response to the RFP (fees to submit responses to RFPs are 
not permitted under the FAR).

[[Page 50806]]

    In addition to the publication of the RFI and RFP in SAM, CBP is 
proposing to announce the availability of the RFI and RFP through the 
publication of notices in the Federal Register by the Executive 
Assistant Commissioner, Office of Trade. This would ensure that the 
requests reach as wide an audience as possible, including parties that 
do not traditionally contract with the U.S. Government. In accordance 
with the provisions of proposed Sec.  111.103(c), these Federal 
Register notices would contain information pertaining to the criteria 
that the Office of Trade will use to select an accreditor and the 
period during which CBP will accept applications by potential 
accreditors.
    Following the issuance and publication of the RFP, CBP would review 
the proposals received and rate them based on the factors provided in 
the relevant section of the RFP. Based on these ratings, CBP would then 
select the accreditors approved for that cycle. Parties not selected 
for the cycle would have the opportunity to protest CBP's decision in 
accordance with the procedures set forth in the FAR. Following the 
selection of the approved accreditors, the Office of Trade will notify 
the approved accreditors of their award, and the Executive Assistant 
Commissioner, Office of Trade, will publish a notice in the Federal 
Register to inform the public and the customs broker community of the 
parties approved to provide accreditation services. In accordance with 
the provisions of proposed Sec.  111.103(c), this Federal Register 
notice would contain information pertaining to the selected 
accreditors' period of award.
    CBP is not proposing to set a target or a limit on the number of 
accreditors. Rather, the number will be determined by the strength of 
the proposals received and CBP's needs at the time of the RFP. CBP is 
proposing to introduce a period of award of three years, subject to 
renewal. This will provide CBP-selected accreditors with sufficient 
time to establish their accreditation programs and to begin with the 
accreditation of educational content while not creating a long period 
of time during which new interested parties would have to wait for the 
next selection cycle. In accordance with the provisions of the FAR, 
either party to the contract--whether the accreditor or CBP--would be 
permitted to terminate the contract with 30-days' notice. If an 
accreditor were to leave the program, the Executive Assistant 
Commissioner, Office of Trade, would publish a notice in the Federal 
Register announcing the departure.
    Once awards have been made for the first cycle of accreditors, CBP 
envisions working closely with them--as a group and as individual 
parties--to provide directions and instructions, set expectations, 
develop due dates and milestones, and create a public outreach campaign 
to inform the affected customs broker community of the new program and 
opportunities. Once the program has been fully implemented, the Broker 
Management Branch within the Office of Trade will meet with the 
accreditors periodically to identify and exchange best practices, 
address areas of concern, and develop program metrics that can be 
shared with COAC and other members of the public as needed. Following 
the first 3-year cycle, CBP will announce the opening of a new 
application cycle through posts in SAM, and the Executive Assistant 
Commissioner, Office of Trade, will publish a notice in the Federal 
Register to the same effect.
    CBP believes the approach outlined above will meet the following 
objectives, which CBP believes to be key to the program's success:
    1. Multiple approved accreditors, which will allow for competition 
and keep costs at market level without creating a monopoly;
    2. An open and transparent application process; and,
    3. An opportunity for small businesses, such as law firms that 
specialize in customs law, and non-profit organizations, such as trade 
associations, to become approved accreditors.
2. Accreditation Process
    Proposed Sec.  111.103(d) and (e) pertain to the administration of 
the accreditation process, including the responsibilities of CBP-
selected accreditors. Proposed Sec.  111.103(d) reflects that CBP-
selected accreditors will administer the accreditation of training or 
educational activities offered by an entity other than a U.S. 
Government agency, including the special allowance for instructors, 
discussion leaders, and speakers, by reviewing and approving or denying 
training or educational activities for continuing education credit. The 
accreditation process may vary slightly among CBP-selected accreditors 
(e.g., fees, timeframe for the review and issuance of an accreditation 
decision, address to which paper-based accreditation requests must be 
submitted, and the documents that must be submitted as part of the 
accreditation request); however, each accreditor will be required to 
administer the accreditation process within the bounds of a defined set 
of parameters. These parameters will be defined as part of the RFP. For 
example, CBP is expecting that, as a result of this process, CBP-
selected accreditors will be required to: (1) Provide an electronic 
means for a content provider to submit the details of an activity under 
consideration; (2) state the average or typical processing time for an 
accreditation request; and (3) clearly state any charges for the review 
and approval or denial of an accreditation request.
    Although the accreditation process will be defined in more detail 
as part of the selection process, paragraphs (d) and (e) of proposed 
Sec.  111.103 contain two requirements. First, in order to ensure that 
qualifying continuing broker education programs present educational 
content that is current and relevant, proposed Sec.  111.103(d) 
provides that an accreditor's approval of a training or educational 
activity for continuing education credit is only valid for one year, 
but can be renewed through any CBP-selected accreditor. As CBP's 
proposal does not require individual brokers to complete a specific 
number of hours of continuing education on specific subject matter 
areas, CBP has chosen to propose to limit the validity of 
accreditations to one year. CBP believes that this limitation would 
ensure that content providers regularly update educational content, 
and, thereby, ensure that qualifying continuing broker education offers 
educational content that is current and relevant. Second, while a CBP-
selected accreditor could approve a training or educational activity 
offered by one of its officials or members for continuing education 
credit, proposed Sec.  111.103(e) provides a CBP-selected accreditor 
may not approve its own trainings or educational activities for 
continuing education credit. This will require CBP-selected accreditors 
who are also content providers to seek another CBP-selected 
accreditor's approval in order for educational content to be eligible 
for continuing education credit. CBP is proposing this limitation to 
curb the risk of conflicts of interest and self-dealings.
    In order to promote transparency and the accreditors' compliance 
with their contractual obligations, CBP also intends to provide content 
providers and instructors, discussion leaders, and speakers seeking to 
claim continuing education credits under the special allowance with an 
opportunity to submit complaints and comments to the Office of Trade at 
the Headquarters of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Attn: Broker 
Management Branch, electronically. CBP intends to publish additional 
information on how to submit complaints and comments concerning 
specific CBP-selected

[[Page 50807]]

accreditors, including the email address to which such electronic 
correspondences should be submitted, on its website. CBP plans to 
request that content providers (and instructors, discussion leaders, 
and speakers seeking to claim continuing education credits under the 
special allowance) who submit a complaint pertaining to the denial of a 
specific accreditation adhere to the following procedures. First, the 
content provider (and instructors, discussion leaders, and speakers 
seeking to claim continuing education credits under the special 
allowance) should contact the CBP-selected accreditor to request a 
detailed explanation as to the denial of the accreditation request. 
Second, if following the receipt of the detailed explanation, the 
content provider (and instructors, discussion leaders, and speakers 
seeking to claim continuing education credits under the special 
allowance) continues to believe that the denial was in error, the 
content provider should submit a complaint to CBP, including (1) a copy 
of all materials that were submitted to the accreditor for 
consideration, (2) any materials received from the accreditor that 
explain why the activity was rejected, and (3) a detailed explanation 
as to why the content provider believes the denial decision to be 
erroneous.
    In order to ensure the successful implementation of the proposed 
continuing education requirement, CBP will also welcome any other type 
of feedback, such as feedback on accreditor performance and customer 
experience, positive interactions, and areas for improvement. CBP plans 
to compile and share such feedback during the sessions that CBP intends 
to hold with the accreditors on a periodic basis.

F. Timeframe for the Implementation of the Proposed Changes

    This NPRM provides for a public comment period of 60 days. Upon the 
review of the comments and further consideration, CBP will prepare a 
final rule. The final rule will adopt the current proposal as final, 
with or without changes based on consideration of the public comments, 
and will provide the date on which the changes will become effective. 
In addition to the 30-day delayed effective date required under the 
Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553(c)), CBP anticipates that 
there will be an additional delay between the publication of the final 
rule and the effective date to allow for proper implementation of the 
continuing education framework.
    As CBP's proposal requires some training and educational activities 
to be approved for continuing education credit by a CBP-selected 
accreditor, a delayed effective date will be needed in order to permit 
for sufficient time for the selection of qualified accreditors, for 
CBP-selected accreditors to set up their processes for reviewing 
accreditation requests, and for content providers to obtain 
accreditation for their training or educational activities. CBP will 
ensure that there will be adequate time for compliance by individual 
brokers if the proposed rule is adopted. For example, in addition to a 
delayed effective date, CBP may also select an effective date for the 
final rule that coincides with the beginning of a new triennial period 
or prorate the number of continuing education credits individual 
brokers must complete by the end of the triennial period during which 
the final rule becomes effective.

V. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

A. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Orders 13563 and 12866 direct agencies to assess the 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive 
Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting 
flexibility. This proposed rule is not a ``significant regulatory 
action,'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866. Accordingly, the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has not reviewed this regulation. 
CBP has prepared the following analysis to help inform stakeholders of 
the impacts of this proposed rule.
1. Purpose of Rule
    The proposed rule, if implemented, would require active \16\ 
individual customs broker license holders (brokers) to complete 36 
hours of continuing education every three years. A continuing education 
requirement would increase the knowledge base from which brokers work, 
educate them on changing customs requirements, regulations, and laws, 
and reduce the number of errors in filings and resultant penalties. CBP 
believes that requiring continuing education would enhance the 
credibility and value of an individual customs broker license and 
improve a broker's skills, performance, and productivity. Furthermore, 
CBP believes that mandating continuing education would increase the 
quality of service for brokers' clients and importers' compliance with 
customs laws, which would protect the revenue of the United States and 
aid in maintaining a high standard of professionalism in the customs 
broker community.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ The term ``active'' refers to a license that has not been 
suspended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Background
    On October 28, 2020, CBP published an ANPRM, entitled ``Continuing 
Education for Licensed Customs Brokers'', in the Federal Register (85 
FR 68260). The ANPRM presented a basic outline for a continuing 
education requirement for licensed customs brokers and posed questions 
pertaining to the potential costs and benefits of such a requirement. 
Some of the public comments that CBP received in response to the ANPRM 
addressed the questions pertaining to the potential costs and benefits 
of such a requirement, although very few contained specific information 
or data. Any information that was provided on these issues was taken 
into account in formulating this analysis. In this NPRM, CBP is 
proposing a continuing education requirement for individual brokers.
i. Customs Brokers
    A customs broker assists clients with the importation of goods into 
the United States, and also with the filing of drawback claims. Customs 
brokers can be individuals, partnerships, associations, or corporations 
and must be licensed by CBP. Brokers are responsible for helping 
clients to meet all relevant requirements for importing and submitting 
drawback claims, submitting information and payments to CBP on their 
client's behalf, and exercising responsible supervision and control 
over their employees and customs business.\17\ Only licensed customs 
brokers may perform customs business.\18\ Brokers may have expertise

[[Page 50808]]

in any number of trade-related areas, including entry, admissibility, 
classification, valuation, and duty rates for imported goods. Some 
brokers specialize in a specific area of customs business, like 
drawback or valuation, while others are more general practitioners. As 
of 2021, there are 13,822 active individual brokers in the United 
States.\19\
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    \17\ For more details on responsible supervision and control, 
see 19 U.S.C. 1641(b)(4), as well as 19 CFR 111.1 and 111.28.
    \18\ Customs business is defined as: those activities involving 
transactions with U.S. Customs and Border Protection concerning the 
entry and admissibility of merchandise, its classification and 
valuation, the payment of duties, taxes, or other charges assessed 
or collected by U.S. Customs and Border Protection upon merchandise 
by reason of its importation, or the refund, rebate, or drawback 
thereof. It also includes the preparation of documents or forms in 
any format and the electronic transmission of documents, invoices, 
bills, or parts thereof, intended to be filed with U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection in furtherance of such activities, whether or not 
signed or filed by the preparer, or activities relating to such 
preparation, but does not include the mere electronic transmission 
of data received for transmission to CBP. See 19 U.S.C. 1641(a)(2).
    \19\ A customs broker may voluntarily suspend his or her license 
for a number of reasons and may re-activate the license at a later 
time. A broker's license may also be suspended as part of a penalty. 
For more information, see 19 CFR 111.52.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To become a licensed customs broker, an eligible individual \20\ 
must pass the Customs Broker License Examination, submit a broker 
license application and appropriate fees to CBP, and be approved by 
CBP.\21\ Once applicants have passed the broker exam, they may apply 
for an individual, corporate, partnership, or association license. To 
maintain the license, the individual broker or the licensed entity (for 
corporations, partnership, or associations) must submit a triennial 
report and requisite fees. The triennial report and fees are due on 
February 28, every three years, since 1985.\22\ Once an individual has 
been approved as a licensed customs broker, the primary ongoing 
requirement for maintaining the license under current regulations is 
the submission of the triennial report and appropriate fee in 3-year 
cycles. Given the established 3-year cycle of triennial reporting, CBP 
employs a 6-year period of analysis to calculate costs and benefits 
that result from this proposed rule, accounting for two triennial 
cycles.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ To be eligible, an individual must be a United States 
citizen at least 21 years of age, in possession of good moral 
character, and not be an employee of the U.S. Government. For more 
information, see U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Becoming a 
Customs Broker (Dec. 12, 2018), available at https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/customs-brokers/becoming-customs-broker.
    \21\ To be approved, a broker who has passed the broker exam 
must also pass an investigation of his or her relevant background. 
See section III.B. of this NPRM.
    \22\ 19 CFR 111.30(d). For more information on the triennial 
report, see U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2021 Customs Broker 
Triennial Status Report FAQs (Feb. 26, 2021), available at https://help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1711?language=en_US.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A broker license may be suspended or revoked, or a monetary penalty 
assessed, for several violations ranging from falsifying information on 
the license application to willfully and intentionally deceiving, 
misleading, or threating a client.\23\ CBP generally assesses monetary 
penalties for less serious infractions, such as the incorrect filing of 
entry forms or the misclassification of goods. However, the majority of 
civil monetary penalties assessed against brokers for violations of 19 
U.S.C. 1641 involve egregious violations or the failure to take 
satisfactory corrective actions following written notice and a 
reasonable opportunity to remedy the deficiency as the penalties 
process provides noncompliant brokers with several opportunities to 
avoid or mitigate penalty liability.\24\ Monetary penalties may not 
exceed $30,000 per violation and averaged $22,697 from 2017-2020.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ See, e.g., 19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(1) and (g)(2).
    \24\ In the case of non-egregious violations, CBP will first 
attempt to work with the broker through the informed compliance 
process of communication and education. See U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection, Electronic Invoice Program (EIP) and Remote Location 
Filing (RLF) Handbook (May 2013), p. 22, available at https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2016-Dec/Revised_eip_rlf_handbook_12-15_16.pdf. This is an attempt to improve 
the broker's performance, and precedes the issuance of a pre-penalty 
notice, which is a written notice that advises the broker of the 
allegations or complaints against the broker. See id.; 19 CFR 
111.92(a). If this process fails to remedy the deficiencies, or in 
case of egregious violations, CBP will issue a pre-penalty notice to 
the broker, which, inter alia, explains that the broker has the 
right to respond to the allegations or complaints. See 19 CFR 
111.92(a). If the broker files a timely response to the pre-penalty 
notice, CBP will either cancel the case, issue a penalty notice in 
an amount lower than that provided in the pre-penalty notice, or 
issue a penalty notice in the same amount as the pre-penalty notice. 
See 19 CFR 111.92(b). Upon the issuance of the penalty notice, the 
broker is afforded the opportunity to file a petition for relief in 
accordance with the provisions of 19 CFR part 171, which may result 
in the cancellation or mitigation of the penalty, and subsequently a 
supplemental petition for relief. See 19 CFR 111.93 and 111.95.
    \25\ 19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(2)(B). Penalty information comes from 
CBP's Seized Currency and Asset Tracking System (SEACATS). Although 
the average value of assessed penalty is $22,697, CBP allows brokers 
to mitigate penalties, such that the amount collected is often 
significantly less, averaging $2,664 from 2017-2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the fiscal years from 2017 to 2020, CBP assessed an average of 
66 penalties to brokers per year.\26\ However, in FY 2017 and FY 2018, 
CBP assessed 20 and 21 penalties, respectively, while in FY 2019 and FY 
2020, CBP assessed over 100 penalties each year (see Table 1). The 
significant increase in penalties from 2018 to 2019 and into 2020 is 
likely due to rapid changes in the international trade environment in 
those years. During that time, CBP began enforcing several significant 
changes in the realm of international trade, including new antidumping 
and countervailing duties (AD/CVD) and the tariffs imposed by the Trump 
Administration under section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2251), as amended, section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 
U.S.C. 1862), as amended, and sections 301 through 310 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411 et seq.), as amended.\27\ These changes 
affected a significant number of imported goods. CBP provided many 
opportunities for individual brokers to learn about the changes, 
including webinars, Question and Answer sessions, public forums, and 
Federal Register notices. External organizations, like regional broker 
associations, also provided information regarding these changes to the 
customs laws, which would have led to greater understanding for 
individual brokers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ SEACATS.
    \27\ Trade remedies implemented by CBP include Section 201 trade 
remedies on solar cells and panels, and washing machines and parts; 
Section 232 trade remedies on aluminum and steel; Section 232 trade 
remedies on derivatives; Section 301 trade remedies to be assessed 
on certain goods from China; and Section 301 trade remedies to 
enforce U.S. rights in the large civil aircraft dispute before the 
World Trade Organization. See U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 
Trade Remedies, available at https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/trade-remedies (last visited on May 11, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although CBP sought information in the ANPRM on the number of 
companies employing brokers who already complete continuing education, 
CBP did not receive enough specific information to estimate the 
proportion of companies already providing ongoing training. However, 
based on information gathered via self-reporting by individual brokers, 
CBP is aware of about 300 companies that employ at least one broker who 
holds an industry certification that requires annual continuing 
education.\28\ In the fiscal years from 2017 to 2019, those companies 
were responsible for 54 percent of the entries but only 10 percent of 
the penalties.\29\ Overall, these 300 companies filed 73,906,967 of 
136,466,361 filed entries between 2017 and 2020, but only account for 
26 of 267 total penalties assessed in that period.\30\ For companies 
outside of this group, CBP does not know how much continuing education 
is currently taken.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ Information was provided by the National Customs Broker and 
Forwarders Association of America (NCBFAA). Nine companies employ at 
least 48 brokers certified by programs provided by the NCBFAA's 
Education Institute (NEI), and often employ more. An additional 292 
companies employing at least one broker with an NEI certification 
were identified via a survey of NEI's students.
    \29\ Significant at the 99 percent confidence level.
    \30\ Entry data was pulled from ACE, and penalty data from 
SEACATS.

[[Page 50809]]



                Table 1--Annual Penalties Assessed by CBP
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Number of
                           FY                                penalties
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2017....................................................              20
2018....................................................              21
2019....................................................             119
2020....................................................             106
------------------------------------------------------------------------

ii. Continuing Education
    Continuing education refers to the training and learning pursued by 
professionals outside of the formal education system, usually as part 
of career development. Many licensed professions have some sort of 
continuing education requirement for license-holders, including 
accountants, medical professionals, and teachers.\31\ Continuing 
education is particularly important for professions characterized by 
continuously changing rules, standards, and norms. Customs and 
international trade is one such profession. Since 2000, the United 
States has added two new preferential trade programs and several new 
free trade agreements, the most recent being the USMCA, which replaced 
the NAFTA.\32\ Additionally, the logistical aspects of customs have 
changed significantly over time. For example, CBP introduced the single 
window, enabling most CBP forms to be submitted electronically through 
the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE), which was fully implemented 
in 2016, with added functionalities being deployed on an ongoing basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ The number of hours of continuing education required for 
many professions varies by state as the state is the licensing 
authority.
    \32\ In October 2000, the United States implemented the 
Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act, which will expire in 2030 
(https://www.cbp.gov/trade/priority-issues/trade-agreements/special-trade-legislation/caribbean-basin-initiative/cbtpa). The African 
Growth and Opportunity Act was also enacted in 2000 (https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/trade-development/preference-programs/african-growth-and-opportunity-act-agoa). See https://www.state.gov/trade-agreements/outcomes-of-current-u-s-trade-agreements/ for a list of 
free trade agreements currently in force.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    There have been several other significant changes to the customs 
environment, including the implementation of TFTEA, changes in duty 
rates and tariffs, and the modernization of the drawback 
requirements.\33\ Customs brokers must maintain awareness of and adapt 
to these changes to provide quality service to clients. However, aside 
from the broker exam at the beginning of their careers, brokers do not 
currently have any requirements ensuring they maintain up-to-date 
knowledge of customs rules, regulations, and practices. As stated 
above, CBP believes that the vigorous pace and expanding scope of 
international trade require a more stringent continuing education 
framework for individual brokers who provide guidance to importers and 
drawback claimants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ See section III.C. of this NPRM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The effects of continuing education programs are not easily 
measured and not often the subject of research.\34\ Some studies show 
that various licensed professions do see a mild increase in positive 
perception of their industry, performance, and professionalism after 
the implementation of continuing education requirements.\35\ Studies 
have also demonstrated a positive link between continuing education for 
teachers and student outcomes as well as between continuing medical 
education and patient outcomes.\36\ Additionally, one study found that 
continuing professional education was correlated to an improvement in 
financial outcomes for accounting firms, particularly large firms.\37\ 
Finally, a study of IRS-certified tax preparers found that mandatory 
continuing education was potentially linked to reduced civil penalties, 
a decrease in non-compliance, and increased accuracy of tax 
returns.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ ``Evaluation of Current Customs Broker Continuing Education 
Practices and Literature Review of Continuing Education in Other 
Professions.'' Report for CBP prepared by International Economics, 
Inc. (IEc) on June 30, 2014. This document is included in the docket 
for this NPRM, which is posted on Regulations.gov.
    \35\ See Bradley, S., Drapeau, M. and DeStefano, J. (2012), The 
relationship between continuing education and perceived competence, 
professional support, and professional value among clinical 
psychologists. J. Contin. Educ. Health Prof., 32: 31-38; O'Leary, P. 
F., Quinlan, T. J., & Richards, R. L. (2011). Insurance 
Professionals' Perceptions of Continuing Education Requirements. 
Journal of Insurance Regulation, 30, 101-117; and Wessels, S. 
(2007). Accountants' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Mandatory 
Continuing Professional Education. Accounting Education, 16(4), 365-
378.
    \36\ Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M.E., and Gardner, M. (2017). 
Effective Teacher Professional Development. Learning Policy 
Institute; Cervero, R. M., & Gaines, J.K. (2014). Effectiveness of 
continuing medical education: updated synthesis of systematic 
reviews. Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.
    \37\ Chen, Y.-S., Chang, B.-G., & Lee, C.-C. (2008). The 
association between continuing professional education and financial 
performance of public accounting firms. International Journal of 
Human Resource Management, 19(9), 1720-1737.
    \38\ Diehl, K. A. (2015). Does Requiring Registration, Testing, 
and Continuing Professional Education for Paid Tax Preparers Improve 
the Compliance and Accuracy of Tax Returns?--US Results. Journal of 
Business & Accounting, 8(1), 138-147.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the terms of the proposed rule, individual brokers would be 
required to complete 36 hours of accredited continuing education over 
each 3-year reporting period. Qualifying activities would include 
attending or presenting at events, such as courses, seminars, symposia, 
and conventions.\39\ Brokers would be required to self-attest to the 
completion of the required continuing education on each triennial 
report and maintain records consisting of certain documentation 
received from the provider or host of the qualifying continuing broker 
education, if such documentation was made available to the broker, and 
containing information pertaining to the dates, titles, providers, 
credit hours earned, and location (if applicable) for each training. 
The records can be in any format (i.e., electronically or on paper), 
and the proposed regulations provide CBP with authority to conduct a 
compliance audit and to request such records for a period of three 
years following the submission of the status report.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ See proposed 19 CFR 111.103(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

iii. Accreditation
    To ensure the quality and relevance of continuing education 
offerings, they are often accredited by a leading body within the field 
in question. For example, the American Medical Association (AMA) is 
accredited to provide training by the Accreditation Council for 
Continuing Medical Education.\40\ An accreditor is responsible for 
reviewing course content and determining the number of credits or hours 
to be granted for each course.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ See American Medical Association, About the AMA's CME 
Accreditation, available at https://edhub.ama-assn.org/pages/ama-cme 
(last accessed on May 11, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the proposed rule, after an application process (using the 
RFP, as described above), CBP would designate entities outside of CBP 
to act as accreditors for customs broker continuing education. Every 
three years, CBP would release an RFP soliciting applications to become 
an accreditor for the customs broker continuing education program. 
Every three years following the first cycle, existing accreditors would 
also apply for renewal. To apply, potential and existing accreditors 
would submit an application to CBP detailing their standards for 
accreditation, quality control practices, application process, and 
other information. A panel of CBP experts would convene to review and 
approve or deny applications. Once approved, accreditors could begin 
accepting submissions from courses or companies seeking accreditation. 
Note that training or educational activities offered by U.S. Government 
agencies, including CBP, automatically qualify for

[[Page 50810]]

continuing education credit, without the approval by a CBP-selected 
accreditor.\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ Per proposed Sec.  111.103(a)(1)(i), a training or 
educational activity offered by a U.S. Government agency other than 
CBP must be relevant to customs business.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

iv. Performance Improvement
    Once brokers have passed the broker exam, thereby proving their 
basic knowledge and competency to perform the duties of a licensed 
customs broker at the time of the exam, they are free to practice in 
perpetuity unless the license is suspended or revoked. Statute dictates 
that while practicing under the auspices of his or her broker license, 
a customs broker must maintain responsible supervision and control.\42\ 
CBP's regulations likewise place additional legal obligations upon 
customs brokers, including, but not limited to, the requirement for 
exercising due diligence in making financial settlements, answering 
correspondence, and preparing or assisting in the preparation and 
filing of information relating to customs business.\43\ Staying current 
on developments in customs law is needed for customs brokers to comply 
with their legal obligations, but presently there are no standards for 
how much continuing education is needed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ See 19 U.S.C. 1641(b)(4).
    \43\ See 19 CFR 111.29(a), and 19 CFR part 111 generally for 
additional obligations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under baseline conditions, meaning the world as it is now, CBP does 
not require brokers to complete any additional training or prove their 
ongoing knowledge. The broker exam only attests knowledge of customs 
and related laws that are in place at the time of the exam. While the 
exam ensures that brokers have a solid base level of knowledge when 
they begin practicing, there is no requirement that they keep up the 
knowledge, and evidence suggests that as more time passes since brokers 
took their exam, the more errors they make. Brokers who were assessed 
penalties by CBP between 2017 and 2020 have held their individual 
broker license for, on average, 37 years. In contrast, the average 
individual broker license is 24 years old. This suggests that as more 
time passes since the passing of the customs broker exam, more errors 
are made. Furthermore, the exam does not test for any of the 
requirements of the more than 40 PGAs involved in regulating imports. 
Depending on the brokers' needs, CBP believes that continuing education 
should also include courses relating to the PGAs' international trade 
requirements, although there is no minimum requirement for certain 
subject matters in this proposed rule.
    Given the often fast-paced and evolving nature of the international 
trade environment, CBP believes that a continuing education requirement 
would help to ensure that brokers remain current with their 
understanding of international trade laws and continue to expand their 
knowledge of customs regulations and practices. A more competent and 
educated customs broker community would also prevent costly errors, 
potentially saving brokers' clients time and money, as well as 
relieving CBP from expending valuable audit and penalty assessment and 
collection resources.
3. Overview of Assessment
    The proposed rule would result in costs and benefits for customs 
brokers, accreditors, providers of continuing education, and CBP. Many 
of the costs for brokers come in the form of time spent researching, 
registering for, attending, and reporting trainings. Brokers would also 
experience some opportunity cost as they forgo time spent on other 
tasks in favor of fulfilling a continuing education requirement. 
Accreditors must apply to CBP. Though CBP would not charge a fee, the 
accreditors would need to spend time in creating their applications. 
Similarly, providers of continuing education must apply to accreditors 
to have their coursework certified. Finally, CBP must designate 
accreditors, and, following the full implementation of the proposed 
framework, CBP may audit individual brokers for compliance.
    The benefits from the proposed rule would be largely qualitative. A 
continuing education requirement would help to professionalize and 
improve the reputation of the customs broker community, as well as to 
improve customer service and outcomes. Quantitatively, continuing 
education would likely lead to a reduction in errors in documentation 
and associated penalties assessed by CBP for some infractions and 
violations. Not only would individual brokers not need to pay the 
associated penalties, but CBP would save the time of identifying, 
assessing, and collecting such penalties. Similarly, CBP would likely 
see a reduction in regulatory audits of individual brokers.
4. Historical and Projected Populations Affected by the Rule
    The proposed rule applies to any individual holding an active 
customs broker license.\44\ Brokers who have voluntarily suspended 
their licenses are not required to complete continuing education until 
they elect to reactivate their license, at which point the requirements 
are pro-rated depending upon the timing within the triennial reporting 
cycle. Brokers who have not held their license for an entire triennial 
period at the time their first triennial report is due are also 
exempted from completing training and reporting in their first 
triennial report, though are bound by the terms of the proposed rule in 
the following years. As of 2021, there are 13,822 active, individual 
broker licenses.\45\ Because 2021 is a reporting year and triennial 
reports are due in February, those brokers who receive their licenses 
in 2021, 2022, and 2023 will only be required to complete continuing 
education beginning on February 1, 2024, the next reporting year.\46\ 
Similarly, brokers who receive licenses in 2024, 2025, and 2026 would 
not need to pursue continuing education until after their first report 
is due in 2027.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ Entities holding corporate, association, or partnership 
licenses must employ at least one individual broker, who would be 
required to comply with the rule. See 19 CFR 111.11(a) and (b).
    \45\ 2021 is triennial reporting year. The CBP Broker Management 
Branch anticipates that the number of active, individual customs 
brokers could decrease by approximately 600-1,000 in May-July of 
2021 as brokers choose not to renew or to voluntarily suspend their 
licenses. This number would be partially offset by new, individual 
customs brokers applying for licenses after passing the broker exam, 
which is held bi-annually.
    \46\ Triennial reports are due in February. Therefore, all those 
brokers who receive licenses in 2021, 2022, and 2023 will submit 
their first triennial reports in February of 2024 and would then 
need to complete 36 hours of training before the triennial report is 
due in February of 2027.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP approves approximately 600 new licenses per year, although the 
number of licenses added annually has been decreasing since 2015. See 
Table 2 for a summary of licensing history for the previous six years.

[[Page 50811]]



                                    Table 2--Licensing History From 2015-2020
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Total licenses     Corporate      Individual
                              Year                                     \47\          licenses        licenses
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2015............................................................             770              16             754
2016............................................................             653              21             632
2017............................................................             580              16             564
2018............................................................             558              27             531
2019............................................................             464              15             449
2020 \48\.......................................................             187               7             180
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................           3,212             102           3,110
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on an average rate of decline of 12 percent in the number of 
individual licenses issued, CBP would likely issue 1,754 new individual 
licenses over a 6-year period of analysis from 2021-2026 (see Table 3), 
though not all of those license holders would be required to complete 
continuing education during the 6-year period of analysis. Each of 
these new individual license holders would need to comply with the 
terms of the proposed rule once it is in effect and they have completed 
their first triennial report. All 13,822 individual brokers active at 
the time the rule is implemented would be required to complete 
continuing education from February 1, 2021-February 1, 2024.\49\ In 
2024, the 1,045 individual brokers who CBP projects would receive 
licenses from 2021-2023 would need to begin complying with the terms of 
the proposed rule. Brokers who receive licenses in 2024-2026 would not 
need to comply with the proposed rule until after their first triennial 
reporting cycle, which would fall outside of the period of analysis. In 
total, therefore, CBP estimates that 14,867 brokers would be required 
to abide by the rule in the six years from 2021 to 2026.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ CBP sometimes issues licenses that are later suspended or 
terminated (either voluntarily or as a penalty). This table includes 
all licenses issued in these years that remain active as of 2021, as 
only holders of an active license would need to abide by the terms 
of the rule.
    \48\ The number of licenses applied for and issued in 2020 was 
significantly lower than in previous years due to the effects of the 
COVID-19 pandemic and related closures and delays. CBP excluded this 
year from calculations of growth rates due to its anomalous nature. 
2021 may also be affected similarly, but CBP cannot predict to what 
extent.
    \49\ The exact timing of the requirement will vary depending on 
when the final rule goes into effect, and the requirement will be 
prorated based on the time left until the triennial report is due. 
For the purposes of this analysis, we estimate the costs for the 
hypothetical period from 2021-2027.

                                Table 3--Projected Licenses Issued from 2021-2026
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   New licenses
                      Year                        Total licenses     Corporate      Individual      affected by
                                                      issued         licenses        licenses        the rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................             408              13             394               0
2022............................................             358              12             346               0
2023............................................             315              10             304               0
2024............................................             276               9             267           1,045
2025............................................             243               8             235               0
2026............................................             213               7             206               0
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................           1,812              59           1,754           1,045
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    Although the majority of active individual brokers would be 
required to complete continuing education under the proposed rule, 
feedback from the broker community indicates that many brokers already 
complete the amount of continuing education that would satisfy this 
requirement.\50\ Many companies that employ brokers provide and require 
in-house training and continuing education. Both independent brokers 
and brokers employed by brokerages often attend government-sponsored 
webinars, as well as trade conferences and symposia, which would 
qualify as continuing education under the terms of the proposed rule. 
Many brokers also pursue professional certifications like the National 
Customs Brokers and Freight Forwarders Association of America's 
(NCBFAA) Certified Customs Specialist (CCS) and Certified Export 
Specialist (CES).\51\ Under the baseline, or the world as it is now, 
these brokers likely would be in compliance with the proposed rule and, 
assuming similar activities if a continuing education requirement is 
imposed, would not incur new costs under the new requirements, except 
for new reporting costs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ Feedback was provided in the form of public comments on the 
ANPRM. Additional feedback was provided in various meetings and 
discussions between CBP personnel and customs brokers, as well as at 
trade conferences and meetings of the Task Force for Continuing 
Education for Licensed Customs Brokers, a part of the COAC. See 
II.E. Development of the Proposed Continuing Broker Education 
Requirement, above.
    \51\ We included both brokers qualifying as CCS and CES in our 
analysis as the coursework for both has significant overlap and is 
relevant to customs business.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Overall, CBP estimates that approximately 60 percent of individual 
brokers already pursue continuing education and would be in compliance 
with the rule.\52\ CBP bases this estimation on several factors. First, 
the NCBFAA estimates that approximately 4,456 brokers hold a CCS or CES 
in 2020, representing 29 percent of total

[[Page 50812]]

individual brokers.\53\ In order to maintain these professional 
certifications, these brokers are required to earn 20 continuing 
education credits per year.\54\ Additionally, public comments in 
response to the ANPRM, as well as discussions between CBP and various 
broker organizations, indicate that most large businesses employing 
brokers already provide, and often mandate, internal training and 
continuing education. Based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 
approximately 61 percent of those employed within the Freight 
Transportation Arrangement Industry (North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) code 448510) are not employed by small 
businesses. A small business within the Freight Transportation 
Arrangement Industry is defined as one whose annual receipts are less 
than $16.5 million, regardless of the number of employees.\55\ Table 4 
shows the receipts per firm, in millions of dollars, for firms 
employing each number of employees.\56\ The average firm within 
Categories 7 and 9 has annual receipts of greater than $16.5 million 
and is considered a large business. These firms employ 161,463 people, 
or approximately 61 percent of the total employees in the   industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ CBP requested information about the proportion of 
individual brokers already complying with the rule in the ANPRM. 
Although CBP did not receive specific information in the public 
comments, several commenters said they would be compliant and 
believed that significant numbers of other brokers would be as well. 
Many also noted that their companies require their broker employees 
to complete continuing education.
    \53\ Discussion with officials at the NCBFAA on April 5, 2021. 
This includes brokers renewing their certification in 2020, as well 
as those becoming certified for the first time. The CCS 
certification program requires enough hours of continuing education 
to comply with the terms of the proposed rule and the NCBFAA has 
expressed interest in becoming an accredited provider.
    \54\ See National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of 
America, Inc., CES FAQs, available at https://www.ncbfaa.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=13806&MenuKey=education (last 
accessed on July 2, 2021); National Customs Brokers & Forwarders 
Association of America, Inc., CCS FAQs, available at https://www.ncbfaa.org/Scripts/4Disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=13803&MenuKey=education (last 
accessed on July 2, 2021).
    \55\ Small business size standards are defined in 13 CFR 121.
    \56\ United States Census Bureau, ``2017 County Business 
Patterns and 2017 Economic Census,'' Released March 6, 2020, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/econ/susb/2017-susb-annual.html. 
Accessed March 15, 2021.
    \57\ Note that some of the categories are sums of other 
categories. For example, Category 8, <500, is a sum of Categories 2, 
3, 4, 6, and 7. Thus, Categories 7 and 9 are not consecutive, but 
represent all firms employing 100 or more people.
    \58\ The Survey of U.S. Businesses (SUSB) from which this data 
is taken is conducted in years ending in 2 and 7. Note that 
finalized results from the 2017 survey are scheduled for release in 
May of 2021.

                  Table 4--Small Businesses in the Freight Transportation Arrangement Industry
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Preliminary
                                            Number of    receipts  (all   Receipts per
          Employment size \57\              employees        firms,         firm ($)         Small  business?
                                                          $1,000s) \58\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01: Total..............................         265,192      67,276,572       4,454,222  .......................
02: <5.................................          15,939       6,315,166         708,614  Yes.
03: 5-9................................          18,025       5,392,992       1,974,732  Yes.
04: 10-19..............................          20,288       5,870,163       3,851,813  Yes.
05: <20................................          54,252      17,578,321       1,335,029  Yes.
06: 20-99..............................          49,477      13,973,780      10,397,158  Yes.
07: 100-499............................          44,715      10,886,028      30,493,076  No.
08: <500...............................         148,444      42,438,129       2,854,327  Yes.
09: 500+...............................         116,748      24,838,443     105,247,640  No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Given the proportion of brokers working for larger businesses, the 
feedback on the ANPRM indicating high rates of compliance, the 
proportion of brokers pursing certifications, and input from CBP 
subject matter experts who frequently interact with the broker 
community, CBP estimates that approximately 60 percent of individual 
brokers are already in compliance with the requirements of the proposed 
rule and would not face new costs, assuming a continuing level of 
similar activity, aside from recordkeeping and reporting, as a result 
of the rule's implementation. Based on the likely proportion of brokers 
already in compliance, CBP estimates that 5,947 affected brokers, or 
approximately 40 percent, would need to come into compliance with the 
proposed rule over a 6-year period of analysis (see Table 5). We 
request comment on our assumption that 60 percent of brokers already 
spend at least 36 hours per 3-year period on continuing education and 
that the remaining 40 percent of brokers would need to increase their 
training by the full 36 hours triennially to meet the proposed 
requirement.

                          Table 5--Projection of Brokers Affected by the Proposed Rule
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Total licensed
                              Year                                Total licenses   Proportion in      brokers
                                                                                  compliance (%)     affected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................          13,822              60           5,529
2022............................................................          13,822              60           5,529
2023............................................................          13,822              60           5,529
2024............................................................          14,867              60           5,947
2025............................................................          14,867              60           5,947
2026............................................................          14,867              60           5,947
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................          14,867  ..............           5,947
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Although individual brokers are the primary party affected by the 
terms of the proposed rule, the rule would also have an impact on CBP, 
providers of continuing education, and the bodies who accredit 
continuing education. Each party would see both costs and benefits 
under the proposed rule.

[[Page 50813]]

5. Costs of the Rule
i. To Brokers
    The primary cost to individual brokers upon implementation of the 
rule would be those costs associated with finding and attending 36 
hours of continuing education over a 3-year period. These costs include 
time spent researching reputable and relevant trainings, travel and 
incidental expenses to attend in-person events like conferences, and 
the tuition or fees for the courses themselves. Many brokers might 
satisfy the continuing education requirement with training supplied by 
their employers. Other brokers, particularly those self-employed or 
employed by small businesses, would need to seek external training. For 
external training, brokers may attend free webinars, seminars, and 
trade events sponsored by CBP, other government agencies, and various 
related organizations like local freight forwarder and broker 
associations.\59\ Alternatively, brokers might choose paid trainings, 
conferences, or symposia, or seek certifications offered by trade 
organizations or educational institutions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ For example, the Florida Customs Broker and Forwarders 
Association offers both paid and free events. Information on CBP-
hosted webinars can be found at https://www.cbp.gov/trade/stakeholder-engagement/webinars. Many other government agencies also 
provide webinars on trade-related topics. For example, in 2020, the 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a series of webinars on 
the importation of medical devices in light of the COVID-19 
pandemic. See https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/workshops-conferences-medical-devices/webinar-series-respirators-and-other-personal-protective-equipment-ppe-health-care-personnel-use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP does not know exactly which option each individual broker is 
likely to choose. Many brokers already hold certifications, attend 
webinars, and fulfill internal training requirements, though they may 
need to increase the number of hours completed to comply with the 
proposed rule. Therefore, CBP has estimated a range of costs. Some 
brokers would fulfill their proposed continuing education requirements 
with only free trainings. Others would follow a medium-cost path by 
opting for a mix of free, lower-cost, and internal trainings. CBP 
further assumes that brokers electing the medium-cost path would travel 
to attend one major conference or symposium in-person per year. 
Finally, some would meet requirements by completing only paid courses 
representing the highest-cost offerings. CBP assumes that brokers 
choosing the higher-cost option would travel to attend an average of 
two conferences per year.
    There are several organizations that provide continuing education 
for customs brokers, ranging from regional broker associations to 
national entities, such as the American Association of Exporters and 
Importers (AAEI). Continuing education that qualifies under the terms 
of the proposed rule includes webinars, seminars, and trade 
conferences. The hourly cost of such trainings (excluding free events 
provided by government agencies and other organizations) usually ranges 
from around $25 to $70. Fees are often tiered based on membership of 
the hosting organization. Members of an organization may pay $25 while 
non-members pay $45. CBP cannot predict which organizations would seek 
accreditation for their events, although all free webinars and 
trainings hosted by Federal government agencies would be automatically 
accredited. Therefore, we assume that the average hourly monetary cost 
would range from $0.00 (low) to $30 (medium) to $50 (high). This 
assumption is based on current fees charged for various continuing 
education certifications, webinars, and trade conferences.\60\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ CBP does not have information on the cost for an employer 
to provide training internally, although such information was 
requested in the ANPRM. CBP believes the cost for internal training 
would be closer to that of attending external trainings as a member, 
since member fees are likely much closer to base cost of provision 
than non-member fees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to fees, individual brokers would need to spend some 
time in researching relevant and accredited trainings. CBP assumes that 
a broker would spend approximately three hours finding and registering 
for continuing education during every triennial period. Many individual 
brokers are members of both local and national organizations that 
provide continuing education opportunities and would likely be notified 
of opportunities via newsletters or listservs. Other individual brokers 
would need to spend some time finding and verifying accreditation for 
qualifying events. All individual brokers would spend some time 
registering for events. Based on an average fully-loaded wage rate of 
$31.27, the process of researching and registering for trainings would 
cost brokers approximately $2.61 per credit hour.\61\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \61\ Wage rate source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
Occupational Employment Statistics, ``May 2019 National Occupational 
Employment and Wage Estimates, United States.'' Updated March 31, 
2020. Available at https://www.bls.gov/oes/2019/may/oes_nat.htm. 
Accessed June 12, 2020; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employer 
Costs for Employee Compensation. Employer Costs for Employee 
Compensation Historical Listing March 2004-December 2019, ``Table 3. 
Civilian workers, by occupational group: employer costs per hours 
worked for employee compensation and costs as a percentage of total 
compensation, 2004-2019.'' March 2020. Available at https://www.bls.gov/web/ecec/ececqrtn.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2020. The wages 
are in 2019 dollars and CBP assumes an annual growth rate of 0 
percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Many individual brokers also travel to attend trade conferences 
each year. CBP assumes that those brokers electing the lower-cost 
options would forgo travel and either attend virtually (paying only the 
fee) or not attend at all. CBP assumes that brokers in the medium-cost 
tier would travel to attend one conference each year, while brokers in 
the high-cost tier would travel to attend two conferences.\62\ Tuition 
and fees for conferences, broken down into an hourly rate, are already 
accounted for in the average costs of $30-$50 per hour. Traveling to 
attend a single 3-day conference costs approximately $245 in airfare, 
$288 for lodging, and $165 for meals and incidentals, for a total of 
$698 for one conference or $1,396 for two conferences (see Table 
6).\63\ Spread across 36 hours of training, travel costs account for an 
additional $19.39 per hour (medium) or $38.78 per hour (high).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ Some individual brokers would pay for their travel out of 
pocket, while other would have their travel expenses covered by 
their employers.
    \63\ CBP bases these costs off the average price of a domestic 
flight in 2019 (flight prices in 2020 were not used due to the 
disruptions caused by COVID-19 cancellations), and the General 
Services Administration's per diem cost for lodging and meals and 
incidentals. Source for flight costs: The Bureau of Transportation 
Statistics, ``Average Domestic Airline Itinerary Fares,'' https://www.transtats.bts.gov/AverageFare/. Accessed April 13, 2021. Source 
for per diem costs: U.S. General Services Administration, ``Per Diem 
Rates,'' https://www.gsa.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates. 
Accessed April 13, 2021.

[[Page 50814]]



                         Table 6--Travel and Incidental Costs To Attend In-Person Events
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Cost                         General cost         Low           Medium           High
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transportation..................................            $245               0            $245            $490
Hotel...........................................             288               0             288             576
Meals & Incidentals.............................             165               0             165             330
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................             698               0             698           1,396
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Overall, as a result of the rule, a single broker would likely 
incur monetary costs ranging from $31.27 (low) to $624 (medium) to 
$1,097 (high) per year to complete 36 hours of continuing education in 
a 3-year period. Over a 6-year period of analysis, these costs sum to 
$188 (low), $3,744 (medium), or $6,580 (high). See Table 7 for a 
summary of these costs.

                                                          Table 7--Annual Costs for One Broker
                                                                   [2021 U.S. dollars]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       Low                     Medium                     High
                             Year                               Hours \64\ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             Costs \65\     Total        Costs        Total        Costs        Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021.........................................................           12        $2.61       $31.27          $52         $624          $91       $1,097
2022.........................................................           12         2.61        31.27           52          624           91        1,097
2023.........................................................           12         2.61        31.27           52          624           91        1,097
2024.........................................................           12         2.61        31.27           52          624           91        1,097
2025.........................................................           12         2.61        31.27           52          624           91        1,097
2026.........................................................           12         2.61        31.27           52          624           91        1,097
                                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total....................................................           72        15.64          188          312        3,744          548        6,580
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    There   were 13,822 active individual brokers in 2021. CBP 
estimates that a total of 5,947 would be required to begin to complete 
continuing education under the terms of the rule in the 6-year period 
of analysis, based on a current estimated compliance rate of 60 percent 
(see Historical and Projected Populations Affected by the Rule, above). 
Therefore, CBP estimates that brokers would incur costs related to 
searching for training, fees, travel, and incidentals, ranging from 
$1,076,537 (low) to $21,480,353 (medium) to $37,752,913 (high) over the 
6-year period of analysis. See Table 8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \64\ Individual brokers may complete whatever number of hours 
they prefer during each year, so long as it totals 36 hours in 3 
years. CBP designates 12 hours per year both for ease of 
presentation and to account for pro-rating for individual brokers 
who re-activate their licenses within the triennial period.
    \65\ Costs include tuition/fees, travel costs, and research time 
costs for each level.

                                          Table 8--Annual Training Costs for Individual Broker License Holders
                                                                   [2021 U.S. dollars]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Low                           Medium                           High
                  Year                     Brokers \66\  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Cost            Total           Cost            Total           Cost            Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021....................................           5,529          $31.27        $172,886            $624      $3,449,621          $1,097      $6,062,901
2022....................................           5,529           31.27         172,886             624       3,449,621           1,097       6,062,901
2023....................................           5,529           31.27         172,886             624       3,449,621           1,097       6,062,901
2024....................................           5,947           31.27         185,960             624       3,710,497           1,097       6,521,404
2025....................................           5,947           31.27         185,960             624       3,710,497           1,097       6,521,404
2026....................................           5,947           31.27         185,960             624       3,710,497           1,097       6,521,404
                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...............................           5,947             188       1,076,537           3,744      21,480,353           6,580      37,752,913
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.


[[Page 50815]]

    To create a primary estimate, CBP assumes that approximately one 
third of individual brokers would elect the lowest cost path, one third 
would elect the medium-cost path, and one third would elect the highest 
cost path once the rule is in place. Under these conditions, brokers 
who begin pursuing continuing education as a result of the rule would 
face $20,103,267 in costs related to searching for training, fees, 
travel, and incidentals over the 6-year period of analysis. See Table 
9.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ Only the 40 percent of brokers who do not already complete 
continuing education would face these costs. The total number of 
brokers affected in the final year of analysis (2026) is the same as 
the number of brokers overall because each year represents the same 
population with a small amount of growth.

                                 Table 9--Primary Estimate of Costs for Brokers
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      Brokers
                              Year                                 Total brokers   choosing each    Total cost
                                                                                       path
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................           5,529           1,843      $3,228,469
2022............................................................           5,529           1,843       3,228,469
2023............................................................           5,529           1,843       3,228,469
2024............................................................           5,947           1,982       3,472,620
2025............................................................           5,947           1,982       3,472,620
2026............................................................           5,947           1,982       3,472,620
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................           5,947           1,982      20,103,267
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    All individual brokers, including those who already complete 
continuing education and would not face new costs for research, 
tuition, and travel, would also be required to store records of their 
completed continuing education and report their compliance to CBP.\67\ 
Record storage would require maintaining either paper or digital copies 
of any documentation received from the provider or host of the 
qualifying continuing broker education and a document of some kind 
listing the date, title, provider, number of credit hours, and location 
(if applicable) for each training. To report and certify compliance, 
individual brokers who file paper-based triennial reports with CBP 
would include a written statement in the triennial report, and 
individual brokers who file their triennial reports electronically 
through the eCBP portal would check a box in the eCBP portal while 
filing their triennial report electronically. Brokers would further be 
required to produce their records of compliance if requested by CBP, 
though CBP would only require brokers to maintain their records for the 
three years following the submission of the triennial report.\68\ CBP 
estimates that recordkeeping and reporting would take each broker 30 
minutes (0.5 hours) per year. After the first triennial reporting 
period in which brokers self-attest to completing their training, 10 
percent of brokers each year would incur the cost of producing records 
to submit to CBP for a compliance audit, which CBP estimates will take 
15 minutes (0.25 hours).\69\ Therefore, brokers would see $1,380,538 in 
new reporting and recordkeeping costs over the 6-year period of 
analysis. See Table 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \67\ Some brokers would likely face additional time-costs should 
they fail to complete and/or report their required continuing 
education and need to take corrective action or reapply for their 
licenses following revocation (see proposed Sec.  111.104(d) for 
details). However, CBP only reports the costs affected populations 
would face to maintain compliance with the proposed rule.
    \68\ Note that many other records must be maintained for five 
years. The 3-year standard applies only to records of continuing 
education.
    \69\ CBP would randomly select 10 percent of individual brokers 
to audit for compliance each year.

                                    Table 10--Reporting Costs for All Brokers
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Time (hours)
                      Year                            Brokers          \70\            Wage            Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................          13,822             0.5          $31.27        $216,107
2022............................................          13,822             0.5           31.27         216,107
2023............................................          13,822             0.5           31.27         216,107
2024............................................          14,867        0.5-0.75           31.27         244,072
2025............................................          14,867        0.5-0.75           31.27         244,072
2026............................................          14,867        0.5-0.75           31.27         244,072
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................          14,867        3.0-3.75  ..............       1,380,538
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    To comply with the proposed rule, individual brokers who do not 
already do so would be required to spend 36 hours over three years 
completing continuing education in whatever form they choose. 
Additionally, CBP estimates they would spend three hours per 3-year 
cycle researching and registering for trainings. Finally, brokers would 
need to spend about 30-45 minutes (0.5-0.75 hours) on recordkeeping 
during each cycle. Overall, brokers would need to spend about 40.5 
hours over a 3-year period,

[[Page 50816]]

or 81 hours over a 6-year period of analysis, to comply with the rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \70\ Note that only 10 percent of individual brokers would spend 
45 minutes per year, while the remaining 90 percent would spend 30 
minutes per year. Furthermore, CBP would only begin audits after the 
first triennial period during which the rule is in effect.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Some brokers would choose to complete their trainings outside of 
work hours, while others would complete training as part of their 
assigned duties. Brokers would also spend time in researching, 
registering for, and maintaining records of their continuing education, 
for a total of 12 hours per year of training plus 1.5 to 1.75 hours per 
year in research and recordkeeping. Based on the average wage rate for 
brokers of $31.27, the opportunity cost of researching, registering 
for, attending, and reporting continuing education is approximately 
$14,547,191 over the 6-year period of analysis.\71\ See Table 11.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \71\ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Employment 
Statistics, ``May 2019 National Occupational Employment and Wage 
Estimates, United States.'' Updated March 31, 2020. Available at 
https://www.bls.gov/oes/2019/may/oes_nat.htm. Accessed June 12, 
2020; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employer Costs for Employee 
Compensation. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Historical 
Listing March 2004-December 2019, ``Table 3. Civilian workers, by 
occupational group: Employer costs per hours worked for employee 
compensation and costs as a percentage of total compensation, 2004-
2019.'' March 2020. Available at https://www.bls.gov/web/ecec/ececqrtn.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2020. The wages are in 2019 dollars 
and CBP assumes an annual growth rate of 0 percent.

                                Table 11--Summary of Opportunity Cost for Brokers
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Year                            Brokers          Hours         Wage rate         Cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................           5,529            13.5          $31.27      $2,333,955
2022............................................           5,529            13.5           31.27       2,333,955
2023............................................           5,529            13.5           31.27       2,333,955
2024............................................           5,947            13.5           31.27       2,515,108
2025............................................           5,947            13.5           31.27       2,515,108
2026............................................           5,947            13.5           31.27       2,515,108
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................           5,947              81          187.62      14,547,191
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    Total costs for all individual brokers, including tuition and 
travel expenses for those who must begin continuing education regimens 
because of the rule as well as opportunity and reporting costs for all 
brokers, range from $16,452,050 to $53,128,426. The primary estimate, 
which accounts for one third of brokers choosing each cost tier, comes 
to $35,478,781 over the 6-year period of analysis. See Table 12.

                                      Table 12--Total Costs for All Brokers
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Total cost:                     Total cost:
                      Year                          Total cost:       medium        Total cost:       primary
                                                   low estimate      estimate      high estimate     estimate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................      $2,636,505      $5,913,241      $8,526,520      $5,692,089
2022............................................       2,636,505       5,913,241       8,526,520       5,692,089
2023............................................       2,636,505       5,913,241       8,526,520       5,692,089
2024............................................       2,847,512       6,372,048       9,182,956       6,134,172
2025............................................       2,847,512       6,372,048       9,182,956       6,134,172
2026............................................       2,847,512       6,372,048       9,182,956       6,134,172
    Total.......................................      16,452,050      36,855,867      53,128,426      35,478,781
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

ii. To CBP
    To implement the requirements of the proposed rule, CBP would need 
to designate entities or companies as approved accreditors of customs 
broker continuing education. To do so, CBP would solicit applications 
from parties interested in becoming accreditors, or (following the 
first application cycle) accreditors seeking renewal of their status, 
by publishing a Request for Proposal (RFP).\72\ A panel of CBP experts 
would evaluate the applications and select the entities approved or 
renewed as accreditors. CBP estimates that the process of developing 
and submitting the RFP would take two personnel 10 hours. Application 
evaluation would take a further 40 hours and would require four CBP 
personnel. The process of designating accreditors would occur before 
the continuing education requirements went into effect, to allow 
accreditors to be ready for the rule's implementation and ensure equal 
footing for all providers.\73\ However, because of uncertainty over 
timing of the rule's implementation, we assumed that designation of 
accreditors would occur in the first year of the period of analysis. 
Regardless of when the rule goes into effect and the designation 
process occurs, accreditors and CBP would need to complete the process 
two times in a 6-year period. Overall, designation of accreditors would 
require six CBP personnel 180 hours total, twice in a 6-year period of 
analysis, for a cost to CBP of $26,640 (see Table 13).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \72\ See proposed 19 CFR 111.103(c).
    \73\ See section IV.E.1. of this NPRM.

[[Page 50817]]



                                 Table 13--Costs to CBP To Designate Accreditors
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Personnel for   Personnel for
              Year                      RFP         evaluation       Wage rate         Hours           Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................               2               4          $74.00              50         $13,320
2022............................               0               0           74.00               0               0
2023............................               0               0           74.00               0               0
2024............................               2               4           74.00              50          13,320
2025............................               0               0           74.00               0               0
2026............................               0               0           74.00               0               0
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............          26,640
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    CBP's Broker Management Branch (BMB) would also face the costs of 
auditing for compliance with the continuing education requirement. 
Although individual brokers would self-attest to their completion of 
the continuing education requirement with each triennial report, CBP 
would occasionally conduct compliance audits by randomly selecting a 
certain subset of brokers for auditing. To start, CBP would select 10 
percent of brokers per year, although the audits would only cover the 
continuing education reported for the most recently completed triennial 
cycle. A continuing education compliance audit would involve CBP 
personnel reviewing the reported coursework of the selected broker and 
potentially working with brokers to identify gaps or higher quality 
training opportunities. Such an activity would take approximately one 
hour, on average; therefore, CBP estimates that each compliance audit 
would cost CBP approximately $74.00. For the first three years of the 
period of analysis, no compliance audit would take place because 
brokers would not yet have reported their training at the end of the 
first triennial cycle. Over the next three years, CBP would select 10 
percent of active individual brokers to audit.\74\ With about 1,500 
compliance audits performed per year, costs to CBP would amount to 
$330,054 over the 6-year period of analysis. See Table 14.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ Those individual brokers who have not yet completed a 
triennial report since taking their broker exam would be exempt from 
completing continuing education until after their first triennial 
report and, therefore, would also be exempt from continuing 
education audits during that time.

                                   Table 14--Compliance Auditing Costs for CBP
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Year                                    Audits      Cost per audit       Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................               0             $74              $0
2022............................................................               0              74               0
2023............................................................               0              74               0
2024............................................................           1,487              74         110,018
2025............................................................           1,487              74         110,018
2026............................................................           1,487              74         110,018
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................           4,460             444         330,054
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

iii. To Accreditors
    Accrediting bodies interested in becoming designated accreditors 
for customs brokers continuing education under the terms of proposed 
rule would need to apply to CBP during an open RFP period and then re-
apply to confirm their status every three years. Costs to respond to 
the RFP include only the preparation of the application. Overall, CBP 
estimates that the preparation of an application to CBP to become an 
accreditor would take two employees 40 hours, to be completed two times 
in a 6-year period. Although the application for accreditor status 
would likely be completed before the proposed rule is officially in 
effect, because of uncertainty in the timing, we have used the same 
period of analysis.\75\ Regardless of when the rule goes into effect, 
accreditor-applicants would need to apply twice in a 6-year period. 
Therefore, CBP estimates that CBP-designated accreditors would incur 
approximately $11,339 in costs over a 6-year period of analysis. See 
Table 15.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ When the proposed rule is first implemented, CBP would 
allow accreditor-applicants time to apply before the requirement is 
officially in place so that they are able to accredit courses as 
soon as the rule is in effect, allowing providers equal footing and 
giving brokers the largest pool of potential training.

                                         Table 15--Costs to Accreditors
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Year                           Personnel       Wage rate         Hours           Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................               2          $70.87              40          $5,670
2022............................................               0           70.87               0               0
2023............................................               0           70.87               0               0

[[Page 50818]]

 
2024............................................               2           70.87              40           5,670
2025............................................               0           70.87               0               0
2026............................................               0           70.87               0               0
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................  ..............  ..............  ..............          11,339
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

iv. To Providers
    Providers of continuing education would also face new costs under 
the terms of the proposed rule. Specifically, providers would need to 
submit applications to accreditors to have their coursework or events 
accredited. Officials at the NCBFAA Education Institute estimate that 
they currently approve approximately 1,000 courses per year. With the 
proposed rule in place, CBP believes the number of events submitted for 
accreditation would increase substantially because companies' internal 
trainings and external offerings would need to be accredited. 
Therefore, CBP estimated that about 2,000 courses would require 
accreditation each year. Providers would likely pay a fee and would 
need to renew their accreditation annually to ensure their coursework 
remains up to date. The fee for accreditation is likely to vary based 
on accreditor, but would likely average $25.\76\ Overall, CBP estimates 
that providers of continuing education for customs brokers would face 
$300,000 of new costs over a 6-year period of analysis. See Table 16.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \76\ This fee is based on that charged by the NCBFAA. Although 
CBP sought information in the ANPRM on how much accreditors might 
charge, CBP did not receive specific information.

                                          Table 16--Costs to Providers
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Year                                    Courses           Fee            Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................           2,000          $25.00         $50,000
2022............................................................           2,000           25.00          50,000
2023............................................................           2,000           25.00          50,000
2024............................................................           2,000           25.00          50,000
2025............................................................           2,000           25.00          50,000
2026............................................................           2,000           25.00          50,000
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................  ..............  ..............         300,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    Based on the primary estimate, costs total $36,146,814 over the 6-
year period of analysis. Using a three percent discount rate, the 
annualized total costs are $6,012,425. See Table 17 for an annual 
breakdown and Table 18 for discounting.

                                      Table 17--Total Costs to All Parties
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Costs to
                                     brokers--       Costs to        Costs to     Costs to CBP--
              Year                    primary       accreditors      providers      accrediting     Total costs
                                     estimate                                      and auditing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................      $5,692,089          $5,670         $50,000         $13,320      $5,761,078
2022............................       5,692,089               0          50,000               0       5,742,089
2023............................       5,692,089               0          50,000               0       5,742,089
2024............................       6,134,172           5,670          50,000         123,338       6,313,179
2025............................       6,134,172               0          50,000         110,018       6,294,190
2026............................       6,134,172               0          50,000         110,018       6,294,190
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................      35,478,781          11,339         300,000         356,694      36,146,814
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.


[[Page 50819]]


                                        Table 18--Discounted Total Costs
                                               [2021 U.S. dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             3%                                7%
                                             -------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     PV               AV               PV               AV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Costs.......................................     $32,570,459       $6,012,425      $28,584,851       $5,996,982
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Costs Not Estimated in This Analysis
    The parties affected by the proposed rule would also face several, 
mostly minor costs that CBP is unable to quantify. To provide 
individual brokers who choose to file their triennial report 
electronically through the eCBP portal the ability to self-attest to 
their continuing education completion, CBP would need to include a 
field within the triennial report, which is submitted via the eCBP 
portal. The programming to include this field does not add 
significantly to the application development budget as CBP constantly 
makes small changes to many aspects of CBP's authorized electronic data 
interchanges.
    Additionally, some potential accreditors may face costs related to 
protesting CBP's initial decisions regarding their proposals to become 
accreditors.\77\ Accreditor-applicants would have the right to protest 
in accordance with procedures set out in the FAR. CBP expects these 
costs to be minor and protests to be rare. Brokers' clients may see 
slight price increases for broker services. As broker costs increase, 
they may pass some of these costs onto their clients in the form of 
increased prices. However, CBP believes that the per transaction 
increase in prices would be so small as to be insignificant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \77\ See section IV.E.1. of this NPRM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Benefits of the Rule
    This proposed rule, if finalized, would have many benefits to 
brokers, CBP, and the general public. We are able to estimate some of 
the benefits of the proposed rule, but many others are qualitative in 
nature. Brokers would benefit from improved reputation and a 
professionalization of the customs broker community while their clients 
would benefit from better performance and improved compliance. The 
continuing broker education requirement would provide importers and 
drawback claimants with greater assurance that their agents are 
knowledgeable of customs laws and regulations, familiar with 
operational processes, and can properly exercise a broker's fiduciary 
duties. The requirements would also help maintain a measure of 
consistency across all customs brokers. Providers would benefit from 
increased prestige due to CBP-approved accreditation. Other benefits of 
the proposed rule are quantitative.
    CBP would benefit from a reduction in regulatory audits of broker 
compliance. Both CBP and brokers would benefit from fewer errors 
committed by brokers and fewer penalties assessed by CBP. CBP examined 
data on broker penalties, regulatory audits, and validation activities 
between a group of companies who employ one or more individual brokers 
known to voluntarily hold an industry certification that requires 
meeting the proposed continuing education requirement and the broader 
population of brokers (which includes those who voluntarily complete 
continuing education and those who do not). This group of brokers with 
continuing education represents about 300 companies, which make up 54 
percent of entries filed between 2017 and 2020 and 51 percent of 
entries filed between 2015 and 2020. CBP found that at the 99 percent 
confidence level, there is a statistically significant difference 
between these groups. Those who voluntarily hold this certification and 
complete continuing education have significantly lower rates of 
penalties, audits, and validation activities. See Table 19.\78\ Brokers 
who are not known to have continuing education are assessed 11 times as 
many penalties per entry filing, are audited 8 times as often, and have 
5 times as many validation activities performed by CBP to investigate 
discrepancies when compared to companies that are known to employ 
brokers who voluntarily take continuing education.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ Source of data of companies with at least one individual 
broker with continuing education: Data received from NCBFAA on 
companies participating in its broker certification program on April 
28, 2021. Data on enforcement actions and the number of entries per 
company was obtained from ACE on April 11, 2021.

                             Table 19--Enforcement Action Rate for Different Groups
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      By 300
                                                                   By all other   companies with
               Enforcement action                      Total       companies (%)    continuing         Ratio
                                                                                   education (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Penalty.........................................             267         0.00039        0.000035         11 to 1
Regulatory Audit................................              87        0.000077        0.000011          8 to 1
Validation Activity.............................             311         0.00026        0.000052          5 to 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Rates are defined as the number of enforcement actions divided by the number of entries filed.


[[Page 50820]]

    Aside from penalties, CBP enforcement often takes the form of a 
regulatory audit. Regulatory audits usually occur because a CBP Officer 
or Import Specialist flags unusual or suspicious activity. CBP then 
performs a regulatory audit of the broker's activity, investigating the 
potential infraction, as well as the broker's overall compliance with 
regulations, rules, and CBP guidance. These audits may lead to a 
settlement agreement in which a penalty is assessed, but they more 
often lead to discussion between the broker and CBP as to how the 
broker can improve compliance and performance. With continuing 
education in place, CBP believes that fewer regulatory audits would be 
necessary. From 2015 to 2020, CBP performed 84 regulatory audits of 
broker compliance, for an average of 14 per year.\79\ The number of 
audits holds approximately steady across the 5-year period, so CBP does 
not believe it likely that the number of audits would grow in the 
period of analysis. Therefore, CBP projects 84 audits would be 
performed during the 6-year period of analysis under baseline 
conditions, or 14 each year. See Table 20.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \79\ Data provided by CBP's Regulatory Audit and Agency Advisory 
Services Directorate on April 11, 2021.

  Table 20--Projection of Audits and Broker Surveys Under the Baseline
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Year                                Audits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021....................................................              14
2022....................................................              14
2023....................................................              14
2024....................................................              14
2025....................................................              14
2026....................................................              14
                                                         ---------------
    Total...............................................              84
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP estimates that a regulatory audit of broker compliance takes 
CBP approximately 559 hours, on average. Based on the average wage rate 
for a CBP Trade and Revenue employee of $74.00 per hour, we estimate 
the average broker audit costs $41,351. Based on a review of outcomes 
from the audits completed from 2015-2020, approximately 40 percent 
would likely have been avoided had a continuing education requirement 
been in place. CBP believes that, had customs brokers been required to 
complete continuing education on an individual level, and, therefore, 
stayed current on the rules and regulations governing customs business, 
they would have made fewer errors and avoided the audits. Over a 6-year 
period of analysis under the terms of the rule, CBP would avoid 34 
audits, for a cost savings of $1,389,400. See Table 21.

                       Table 21--CBP Cost Savings From Reduced Regulatory Audit Activities
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Cost savings
                              Year                                Audits avoided     per audit     Total savings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................               6         $41,351        $231,567
2022............................................................               6          41,351         231,567
2023............................................................               6          41,351         231,567
2024............................................................               6          41,351         231,567
2025............................................................               6          41,351         231,567
2026............................................................               6          41,351         231,567
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................              34         248,107       1,389,400
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    The number of penalties assessed between 2017 and 2020 grew 
significantly. In 2017, CBP assessed 20 penalties while in 2020, that 
number jumped to 119 (see Table 1, above). Between 2017 and 2020, the 
number of penalties issued increased with a compound annual growth rate 
(CAGR) of 52 percent. The jump in penalties between 2019 and 2020 is 
likely attributable to changes in the AD/CVD environment, and CBP does 
not believe that penalties per year would continue to grow at the same 
rate. Based on trends before and after the jump, we do not believe that 
the number of penalties assessed per year would consistently grow at 
any meaningful rate. Based on a 0 percent growth rate, CBP estimates 
that over the 6-year period of analysis from 2021 to 2026, CBP would 
assess 675 penalties. See Table 22 for an annual count.

   Table 22--Projection of Penalties Assessed From 2021-2026 Under the
                                Baseline
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Year                               Penalties
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021....................................................             113
2022....................................................             113
2023....................................................             113
2024....................................................             113
2025....................................................             113
2026....................................................             113
                                                         ---------------
    Total...............................................             675
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    When CBP assesses a penalty against a broker for a customs 
violation, CBP incurs the cost of detecting and investigating the 
violation, as well as determining the appropriate monetary fine and 
handling any appeals from the broker. The broker must pay the penalty, 
which is capped at $30,000 by statute. CBP also works with brokers 
against whom a fine has been assessed to mitigate the penalty, 
resulting in the collection of amounts that are usually significantly 
lower. From 2017-2020, monetary penalties collected from individual 
brokers averaged $2,644. CBP estimates that the entire process of 
assessing a penalty against a broker, from detection to working through 
mitigation, costs CBP approximately $4,440 per penalty.\80\ With the 
proposed rule implemented, CBP believes that brokers would commit 
approximately 20 percent fewer penalizable violations.\81\ As a result, 
brokers would save approximately $359,640 in fines

[[Page 50821]]

avoided, while CBP would save approximately $599,400 in processing 
costs.\82\ See Tables 23 and 24.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \80\ CBP bases this estimate on an average of 60 hours worked 
per penalty at an average wage of $74.00 per hour for a CBP Trade 
and Revenue employee. CBP bases this wage on the FY 2020 salary and 
benefits of the national average of CBP Trade and Revenue positions, 
which is equal to a GS-13, Step 5. Source: Email correspondence with 
CBP's Office of Finance on July 2, 2020.
    \81\ Approximately 20 percent of the penalties assessed between 
2017 and 2020 were for infractions that CBP believes would have been 
avoided had the broker been required to complete continuing 
education. The majority of the remaining penalties were for late 
filing. Penalty data is taken from SEACATS.
    \82\ Penalties are a transfer payment from the broker to CBP 
that do not affect total resources available to society. 
Accordingly, CBP does not include penalties or penalties avoided in 
the final accounting of costs and benefits this rule. In addition, 
penalties are an enforcement tool that are intended to bring a 
noncompliant party in line with existing requirements. Any costs and 
benefits that result from compliance with the underlying requirement 
are included in the analysis, but not the enforcement mechanism. In 
the same way, if a rule results in the seizure of illegal 
merchandise, CBP does not include the cost of the lost merchandise 
to the importers.

                                     Table 23--Penalties Avoided by Brokers
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Penalties     Fines avoided
                              Year                                    avoided       per penalty        Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................              23          $2,664         $59,940
2022............................................................              23           2,664          59,940
2023............................................................              23           2,664          59,940
2024............................................................              23           2,664          59,940
2025............................................................              23           2,664          59,940
2026............................................................              23           2,664          59,940
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................             135          15,984         359,640
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.


                                         Table 24--Costs Avoided by CBP
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Penalties     Cost savings
                              Year                                    avoided       per penalty        Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................              23          $4,440         $99,900
2022............................................................              23           4,440          99,900
2023............................................................              23           4,440          99,900
2024............................................................              23           4,440          99,900
2025............................................................              23           4,440          99,900
2026............................................................              23           4,440          99,900
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................             135          26,640         599,400
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

8. Net Impact of the Rule
    The proposed rule would lead to costs for brokers in the form of 
tuition, travel expenses, opportunity cost, and time spent researching, 
registering for, keeping records of, and reporting continuing 
education. CBP would face the costs of designating accreditors and 
auditing broker compliance. Accreditors would incur the costs of 
responding to a CBP-issued RFP, and education providers would incur the 
costs of drafting applications and fees charged by the accreditors for 
reviewing their accreditation requests. CBP would also see cost savings 
(benefits) from avoided penalty assessment and avoided regulatory 
audits. CBP has found that companies employing one or more brokers who 
complete continuing education are statistically less likely to face 
enforcement actions. Over a 6-year period of analysis, the primary 
estimate of the net costs totals $34,158,014 (see Table 25). Using a 
discount rate of three percent, annualized costs total $5,680,959 (see 
Table 26).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ Note that we only include costs of remaining compliant with 
the proposed rule in the net costs. Similarly, we do not include 
penalties avoided in the final accounting of benefits.

                                     Table 25--Primary Estimate of Net Costs
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Year                                   Benefits          Costs      Net costs \83\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................        $331,467      $5,761,078      $5,429,611
2022............................................................         331,467       5,742,089       5,410,622
2023............................................................         331,467       5,742,089       5,410,622
2024............................................................         331,467       6,313,179       5,981,713
2025............................................................         331,467       6,294,190       5,962,723
2026............................................................         331,467       6,294,190       5,962,723
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................       1,988,800      36,146,814      34,158,014
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 50822]]


                         Table 26--Primary Estimate of Net Present and Annualized Costs
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                3%                              7%
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        PV              AV              PV              AV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Savings.........................................      $1,795,619        $331,467      $1,579,949        $331,467
Costs...........................................      32,570,459       6,012,425      28,584,851       5,996,982
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Net Costs...................................      30,774,841       5,680,959      27,004,902       5,665,515
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP presents four estimates of the net costs depending on the cost 
of training pursued by each individual broker. The low-cost path 
assumes the broker would pursue only free trainings and forgo travel. 
In the medium-cost path, brokers would pursue a mix of free and paid 
trainings and travel to a single conference or in-person event per 
year. In the high-cost path, brokers would pursue all paid trainings 
and travel to two in-person events or conferences per year. The primary 
estimate assumes that one third of brokers would choose each path. 
Overall, the quantifiable effects of the proposed rule result in a net, 
annualized cost ranging from $2,514,956 to $8,617,817, using a 3 
percent discount rate over the 6-year period of analysis. A summary of 
net costs under all four estimates presented in the analysis can be 
found in Table 27.

                                         Table 27--Summary of Net Costs
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Estimate                                   Value                     3%              7%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary.......................................  Net PV..........................     $30,774,841     $27,004,902
                                                Net AV..........................       5,680,959       5,665,515
Low...........................................  Net PV..........................      13,624,000      11,945,324
                                                Net AV..........................       2,514,956       2,506,079
Medium........................................  Net PV..........................      32,016,156      28,094,859
                                                Net AV..........................       5,910,102       5,894,183
High..........................................  Net PV..........................      46,684,367      40,974,522
                                                Net AV..........................       8,617,817       8,596,283
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated before, many benefits of the proposed rule are 
qualitative. Brokers would benefit from improved reputation and a 
professionalization of the customs broker community while their clients 
would benefit from better performance, less non-compliance, and 
improved outcomes. Providers would benefit from increased prestige due 
to CBP-approved accreditation. CBP believes that the combination of 
quantified benefits and unquantified benefits exceed the costs of this 
rule. We request comment on this conclusion.
9. Analysis of Alternatives
    Alternative 1: 72 hours every three years.
    Alternative 1 is the same as the chosen alternative except that the 
continuing education requirement would be raised to 72 hours each 
triennial cycle instead of 36 hours. This alternative is modeled on the 
Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Enrolled Agent program, which requires 
72 hours of continuing education every three years.\84\ An enrolled 
agent is an individual who may represent clients in matters before the 
IRS and, like a licensed customs broker, must pass a rigorous 
examination to prove his or her knowledge and competence, making it a 
reasonable analog to the proposed CBP program. Once the agent has 
passed the exam, he or she has unlimited practice rights, providing he 
or she completes the requisite continuing education.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \84\ See Internal Revenue Service, Enrolled Agent Information 
(Apr. 6, 2021), available at https://www.irs.gov/tax-professionals/enrolled-agents/enrolled-agent-information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CBP has determined that 72 hours every three years would be 
inappropriate for individual brokers. Were CBP to mandate 72 hours of 
continuing education every three years, brokers who already voluntarily 
pursue continuing education would need to increase the amount of 
training they complete, often by 100 percent. Costs incurred by both 
brokers who do not already pursue continuing education and those who do 
would be much greater. Such a requirement would be too onerous, 
particularly for small businesses, which make up a significant 
proportion (approximately 39 percent) of the employers of licensed 
customs brokers. CBP estimates that such a requirement would cost 
brokers up to $113,258,739 over a 6-year period of analysis, or about 
$7,618 per broker. See Table 28.

                                         Table 28--Broker Costs Under a 72-Hour Continuing Education Requirement
                                                                   [2021 U.S. Dollars]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Low                           Medium                           High
                  Year                        Brokers    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Cost            Total           Cost            Total           Cost            Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021....................................          13,822          $62.54        $518,657          $1,248     $10,348,863          $2,193     $18,188,702
2022....................................          13,822           62.54         518,657           1,248      10,348,863           2,193      18,188,702

[[Page 50823]]

 
2023....................................          13,822           62.54         518,657           1,248      10,348,863           2,193      18,188,702
2024....................................          14,867           62.54         557,880           1,248      11,131,490           2,193      19,564,211
2025....................................          14,867           62.54         557,880           1,248      11,131,490           2,193      19,564,211
2026....................................          14,867           62.54         557,880           1,248      11,131,490           2,193      19,564,211
                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...............................          14,867             375       3,229,610           7,487      64,441,059          13,159     113,258,739
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    Alternative 2: 36 hours every three years.
    Alternative 2 is the chosen alternative.
    Alternative 3: CBP list of brokers voluntarily meeting continuing 
education standards.
    Under Alternative 3, instead of mandating any kind of continuing 
education program, CBP would release annually a list of brokerages or 
companies employing brokers who voluntarily provide continuing 
education to their broker employees. As with Alternative 1, qualifying 
events would include internal training, government-sponsored webinars, 
trade conferences and events, and other activities. CBP would draft 
this list each year by requesting that companies report whether they 
provide a continuing education program. CBP might request details from 
the company to ensure the training provided meets a certain threshold 
for quality and relevance.
    Under baseline conditions, CBP estimates that about 60 percent of 
brokers already complete continuing education on a voluntary basis. CBP 
does not believe that publishing a list of brokerages that provide 
continuing education would induce the remaining 40 percent of brokers 
to pursue continuing education, though some brokers might do so. Under 
Alternative 3, those individual brokers who already complete ongoing 
training would continue to do so, while many of those brokers who do 
not, would not, absent a mandate, be likely to change. CBP estimates 
that an additional five percent of brokers might begin a continuing 
education program in order to be included on CBP's list, representing 
about 186 additional companies.\85\ While fewer brokers would face the 
costs of tuition, travel, and record-keeping, approximately 743 would 
face these costs of continuing education over the 6-year period of 
analysis. Additionally, CBP would incur the costs of composing the list 
each year and companies employing brokers would face the costs of 
applying to be included on the list. Assuming two CBP personnel spend 
about 40 hours each, annually to compose the list, that one person from 
each company spends about 10 hours compiling and submitting information 
to CBP annually, and that one third of affected brokers choose each 
cost path, Alternative 3 results in costs of $5,636,739 over the 6-year 
period of analysis. See Table 29.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ CBP assumes that large companies employing more than 100 
people already have a continuing education program. Therefore, those 
companies that would need to add continuing education in order to be 
included on CBP's list would likely be small to medium sized 
businesses, meaning there would be a significant number of them, 
employing a few brokers each.

                                    Table 29--Total Costs Under Alternative 3
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Brokerage
                      Year                           CBP cost          costs       Broker costs        Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................         $11,840        $267,605        $293,545        $572,990
2022............................................          11,840         267,605         695,303         974,748
2023............................................          11,840         267,605         725,822       1,005,267
2024............................................          11,840         267,605         748,466       1,027,911
2025............................................          11,840         267,605         748,466       1,027,911
2026............................................          11,840         267,605         748,466       1,027,911
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................          71,040       1,605,631       3,960,068       5,636,739
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    If only 5 percent more brokers elect to begin continuing education 
under the terms of Alternative 3, fewer non-compliance actions would be 
avoided. CBP estimates that only an eighth as many penalties and audits 
would be avoided as compared to Alternative 2. Therefore, CBP and 
brokers would avoid three penalties and one audit annually, for a total 
cost savings of $44,955 per year. However, CBP does not typically 
include avoided penalties in the overall accounting of costs and 
benefits of a rule. Therefore, over a 6-year period of analysis, 
Alternative 3 leads to $248,600 in cost savings.

[[Page 50824]]



                                   Table 30--Total Savings Under Alternative 3
                                               [2021 U.S. Dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Savings for     Savings for
                              Year                                    brokers           CBP        Total savings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2021............................................................          $7,493         $41,433         $41,433
2022............................................................           7,493          41,433          41,433
2023............................................................           7,493          41,433          41,433
2024............................................................           7,493          41,433          41,433
2025............................................................           7,493          41,433          41,433
2026............................................................           7,493          41,433          41,433
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................          44,955         248,600         248,600
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    One of the primary goals of the proposed rule is to reduce 
compliance issues, penalties, and regulatory audits, and CBP does not 
believe that a system based on voluntary reporting would do enough to 
reach that goal. With only an additional 5 percent of brokers pursuing 
continuing education, Alternative 3 would not do enough to further 
professionalize the customs broker community, nor would their clients 
see an appreciable decline in compliance issues. Additionally, such a 
system would still result in a net cost of about $5.4 million over the 
6-year period of analysis. Therefore, CBP believes that Alternative 3 
is less preferable than the chosen alternative.

B. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended 
by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement and Fairness Act of 1996, 
requires agencies to assess the impact of regulations on small 
entities. A small entity may be a small business (defined as any 
independently owned and operated business not dominant in its field 
that qualifies as a small business concern per the Small Business Act); 
a small organization (defined as any not-for-profit enterprise which is 
independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field); or 
a small governmental jurisdiction (defined as a locality with fewer 
than 50,000 people). A small business within the Freight Transportation 
Arrangement Industry, the industry that employs customs brokers, is 
defined as one whose annual receipts are less than $16.5 million, 
regardless of the number of employees.\86\ Data from the U.S. Census 
Bureau shows that approximately 96 percent of businesses in the 
Transportation Arrangement Industry (NAICS Code 448510) are small 
businesses (see Table 31). All businesses employing brokers under this 
NAICS Code are affected by this rule. Additionally, some small 
businesses may elect to become accreditors or training providers. 
Therefore, CBP concludes that this rule will affect a substantial 
number of small entities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \86\ Small business size standards are defined in 13 CFR part 
121.

               Table 31--Small Businesses in the Freight Transportation Arrangement Industry \87\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Preliminary
                                          Number of     receipts (all   Receipts per
         Employment size \88\             employees        firms,         firm ($)          Small business?
                                                        $1,000s) \89\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01: Total............................         265,192     $67,276,572      $4,454,222
02: <5...............................          15,939       6,315,166         708,614  Yes.
03: 5-9..............................          18,025       5,392,992       1,974,732  Yes.
04: 10-19............................          20,288       5,870,163       3,851,813  Yes.
05: <20..............................          54,252      17,578,321       1,335,029  Yes.
06: 20-99............................          49,477      13,973,780      10,397,158  Yes.
07: 100-499..........................          44,715      10,886,028      30,493,076  No.
08: <500.............................         148,444      42,438,129       2,854,327  Yes.
09: 500+.............................         116,748      24,838,443     105,247,640  No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Some  small businesses may choose to apply to CBP to become 
accreditors. Those businesses would face the costs of applying to CBP, 
the potential costs of any protests they choose to file should they 
disagree with CBP's decision regarding their proposals, and the costs 
of being an accreditor. Small businesses may also choose to become 
training providers and to incur the costs of producing and providing 
trainings. However, CBP believes that those costs would be recouped by 
tuition and fees. CBP further expects any costs not directly covered by 
fees to be minor and included in general business expenses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \87\ United States Census Bureau, ``2017 County Business 
Patterns and 2017 Economic Census,'' Released March 6, 2020, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/econ/susb/2017-susb-annual.html. 
Accessed March 15, 2021.
    \88\ Note that some of the categories are sums of other 
categories. For example, Category 8, <500, is a sum of Categories 2, 
3, 4, 6, and 7. Thus, Categories 7 and 9 are not consecutive, but 
represent all firms employing 100 or more people.
    \89\ The Survey of U.S. Businesses (SUSB) from which this data 
is taken is conducted in years ending in 2 and 7. Note that 
finalized results from the 2017 survey are scheduled for release in 
May of 2021.
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    Individual brokers employed by these companies would be required to 
attain 36 hours of continuing education every three years under the 
terms of the proposed rule. They would also face the opportunity cost 
of attending trainings as well as the costs of recordkeeping, 
reporting, and participating in any continuing education compliance 
audit initiated by CBP. Accordingly, the impacts of the rule to 
individual brokers

[[Page 50825]]

and affected businesses will depend on if the broker currently meets 
the proposed training requirements. Based on public comments in 
response to the ANPRM and discussions between CBP and various broker 
organizations, CBP estimates most large businesses employing brokers 
already provide, and often mandate, internal training and continuing 
education. CBP estimates that these 60 percent of individual brokers 
already in compliance would not face new costs aside from recordkeeping 
and reporting. CBP estimates the remaining 40 percent of brokers, 
mostly at smaller businesses, would need to come into compliance with 
the proposed rule. Using the primary estimate under which one third of 
brokers selects each cost tier, and assuming a discount rate of 3 
percent, the annualized cost of the rule to all affected brokers is 
$5,903,336. The rule would affect 5,529 customs brokers in the first 
year, for an average annualized cost of $1,068 per broker. The average 
annual receipts for small businesses in the Freight Transportation 
Arrangement Industry, according to the Census data in Table 28, is 
$543,589. The number of brokers employed by each business would vary 
among the small businesses in question, but assuming an average of four 
brokers per company,\90\ the cost of continuing education for each firm 
would be approximately $4,272 annually, or about 0.79 percent of annual 
receipts. CBP generally considers effects of less than 1 percent of 
annual receipts not to be a significant impact. Accordingly, CBP 
certifies that this proposed rule does not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
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    \90\ Many brokerages are sole proprietorships and many employ 
individual brokers who supervise other employees. The average number 
of employees per firm is seven. CBP assumes the average firm employs 
4 individual brokers and 3 other employees, such as human resource 
managers.
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C. Paperwork Reduction Act

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 
104-13, 44 U.S.C. 3507) an agency may not conduct, and a person is not 
required to respond to, a collection of information unless the 
collection of information displays a valid control number assigned by 
OMB. The collections of information contained in these regulations are 
provided for by OMB control number 1651-0034 (CBP Regulations 
Pertaining to Customs Brokers).
    The proposed rule would require individual brokers to maintain 
records of completed continuing education (including, among others, the 
date, title, provider, location, and credit hours) and certify the 
completion of the required number of continuing education credits on 
the triennial report. Based on these changes, CBP estimates a small 
increase in the burden hours for information collection related to 
customs brokers regulations. CBP would submit to OMB for review the 
following adjustments to the previously approved Information Collection 
under OMB control number 1651-0034 to account for this proposed rule's 
changes. The addition of the self-attestation and submission of records 
would add about 30-45 minutes (0.5-0.75 hours) per respondent.
CBP Regulations Pertaining Customs Brokers
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 13,822.
    Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: 1.
    Estimated Number of Total Annual Responses: 0.333.
    Estimated Time per Response: 31.5 minutes (0.525 hours).
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 2,418.85 hours.

D. Signing Authority

    This document is being issued in accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(b)(1), 
which provides that the Secretary of the Treasury delegated to the 
Secretary of DHS authority to prescribe and approve regulations 
relating to customs revenue functions on behalf of the Secretary of the 
Treasury for when the subject matter is not listed as provided by 
Treasury Department Order No. 100-16. Accordingly, this proposed rule 
may be signed by the Secretary of DHS (or his or her delegate).

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 111

    Administrative practice and procedure, Brokers, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Amendments to the Regulations

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, CBP proposes to amend 19 
CFR part 111 as set forth below:

PART 111--CUSTOMS BROKERS

0
1. The general authority citation for part 111 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i), Harmonized 
Tariff Schedule of the United States), 1624, 1641.
* * * * *
0
2. Revise the second sentence of Sec.  111.0 to read as follows:


Sec.  111.0  Scope.

    * * * This part also prescribes the duties and responsibilities of 
brokers, the grounds and procedures for disciplining brokers, including 
the assessment of monetary penalties, the revocation or suspension of 
licenses and permits, and the obligation for individual customs broker 
license holders to satisfy a continuing education requirement.
0
3. In Sec.  111.1, add the definitions ``Continuing broker education 
requirement'', ``Continuing education credit'', ``Qualifying continuing 
broker education'', and ``Triennial period'' in alphabetical order to 
read as follows:


Sec.  111.1  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Continuing broker education requirement. ``Continuing broker 
education requirement'' means an individual customs broker license 
holder's obligation to complete a certain number of continuing 
education credits of qualifying continuing broker education, as set 
forth in subpart F of this part, in order to maintain sufficient 
knowledge of customs and related laws, regulations, and procedures, 
bookkeeping, accounting, and all other appropriate matters necessary to 
render valuable service to importers and drawback claimants.
    Continuing education credit. ``Continuing education credit'' means 
the unit of measurement used for meeting the continuing broker 
education requirement. The smallest recognized unit is one continuing 
education credit, which requires 60 minutes of continuous participation 
in a qualifying continuing broker education program, as defined in 
Sec.  111.103(a). For qualifying continuing broker education lasting 
more than 60 minutes, one continuing education credit may be claimed 
for the first 60 minutes of continuous participation, and half of one 
continuing education credit may be claimed for every full 30 minutes of 
continuous participation thereafter. For example, for qualifying 
continuing broker education lasting more than 60 minutes but less than 
90 minutes, only one continuing education credit may be claimed. In 
contrast, for qualifying continuing broker education lasting 90 
minutes, 1.5 continuing broker education credits may be claimed.
* * * * *
    Qualifying continuing broker education. ``Qualifying continuing 
broker education'' means any training or educational activity that is 
eligible or, if required, has been approved for continuing education 
credit, in accordance with Sec.  111.103.
* * * * *
    Triennial period. ``Triennial period'' means a period of three 
years

[[Page 50826]]

commencing on February 1, 1985, or on February 1 in any third year 
thereafter.
0
4. In Sec.  111.30, revise paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (iii) and add 
paragraph (d)(2)(iv) to read as follows:


Sec.  111.30  Notification of change of business address, organization, 
name, or location of business records; status report; termination of 
brokerage business.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) State the name and address of his or her employer if he or she 
is employed by another broker, unless his or her employer is a 
partnership, association, or corporation broker for which he or she is 
a qualifying member or officer for purposes of Sec.  111.11(b) or 
(c)(2);
    (iii) State whether or not he or she still meets the applicable 
requirements of Sec. Sec.  111.11 and 111.19 and has not engaged in any 
conduct that could constitute grounds for suspension or revocation 
under Sec.  111.53; and
    (iv) Report and certify the broker's compliance with the continuing 
broker education requirement as set forth in Sec.  111.102.
* * * * *


Sec. Sec.  111.97 through 111.100  [Added and Reserved]

0
5. Add reserve Sec. Sec.  111.97 through 111.100.
0
6. Add subpart F, consisting of Sec. Sec.  111.101 through 111.104, to 
read as follows:

Subpart F--Continuing Education Requirements for Individual Customs 
Broker License Holders

Sec.
111.101 Scope.
111.102 Obligations of individual customs brokers in conjunction 
with continuing broker education requirement.
111.103 Accreditation of qualifying continuing broker education.
111.104 Failure to report and certify compliance with continuing 
broker education requirement.


Sec.  111.101   Scope.

    This subpart sets forth regulations providing for a continuing 
education requirement for individual customs broker license holders and 
the framework for administering the requirements of this subpart. The 
continuing broker education requirement is for individual brokers, in 
order to maintain sufficient knowledge of customs and related laws, 
regulations, and procedures, bookkeeping, accounting, and all other 
appropriate matters necessary to render valuable service to importers 
and drawback claimants.


Sec.  111.102   Obligations of individual customs brokers in 
conjunction with continuing broker education requirement.

    (a) Continuing broker education requirement. All individual customs 
broker license holders must complete qualifying continuing broker 
education as defined in Sec.  111.103(a), except:
    (1) During a period of voluntary suspension as described in Sec.  
111.52; or
    (2) When individual customs broker license holders have not held 
their license for an entire triennial period at the time of the 
submission of the status report as required under Sec.  111.30(d).
    (b) Required minimum number of continuing education credits. All 
individual brokers who are subject to the continuing broker education 
requirement must complete at least 36 continuing education credits of 
qualifying continuing broker education each triennial period, except 
upon the reinstatement of a license following a period of voluntary 
suspension as described in Sec.  111.52. Upon the reinstatement of a 
license following a period of voluntary suspension as described in 
Sec.  111.52, the number of continuing education credits that an 
individual broker must complete by the end of the triennial period 
during which the reinstatement of the license occurred will be 
calculated on a prorated basis of one continuing education credit for 
each complete remaining month until the end of the triennial period.
    (c) Reporting requirements. Individual brokers who are subject to 
the continuing broker education requirement must report and certify 
their compliance upon submission of the status report required under 
Sec.  111.30(d).
    (d) Recordkeeping requirements--(1) General. Individual brokers who 
are subject to the continuing broker education requirement must retain 
the following information and documentation pertaining to the 
qualifying education completed during a triennial period for a period 
of three years following the submission of the status report required 
under Sec.  111.30(d):
    (i) The title of the qualifying continuing broker education 
attended;
    (ii) The name of the provider or host of the qualifying continuing 
broker education;
    (iii) The date(s) attended;
    (iv) The number of continuing education credits accrued;
    (v) The location of the training or educational activity, if the 
training or educational activity is offered in person; and
    (vi) Any documentation received from the provider or host of the 
qualifying continuing broker education that evidences the individual 
broker's registration for, attendance at, completion of, or other 
activity bearing upon the individual broker's participation in and 
completion of the qualifying continuing broker education.
    (2) Availability of records. In order to ensure that the individual 
broker has met the continuing broker education requirement, upon CBP's 
request, the individual broker must make available to CBP the 
information and documentation described in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section. CBP can request the information and documentation be made 
available for in-person inspection, or be delivered to CBP by either 
hard-copy or electronic means, or any combination thereof.


Sec.  111.103   Accreditation of qualifying continuing broker 
education.

    (a) Qualifying continuing broker education. In order for a training 
or educational activity to be considered qualifying continuing broker 
education, it must meet the following two requirements:
    (1) Providers of qualifying continuing broker education. The 
training or educational activity must be offered by one of the 
following providers:
    (i) Government agencies. Qualifying continuing broker education 
constitutes any training or educational activity offered by CBP, 
whether online or in-person, and training or educational activity 
offered by another U.S. Government agency, whether online or in-person, 
but only if the content is relevant to customs business. Accreditation 
is not required for trainings or educational activities offered by U.S. 
Government agencies.
    (ii) Other providers requiring accreditation. Any other training or 
educational activity not offered by a U.S. Government agency, whether 
online or in-person, will not be considered a qualifying continuing 
broker education, unless the training or educational activity has been 
approved for continuing education credit by a CBP-selected accreditor 
before the training or educational activity is provided.
    (2) Recognized trainings or educational activities. The training or 
educational activity must constitute one of the following:
    (i) Coursework, a seminar, or a workshop, whether online or in-
person, that is conducted by an instructor, discussion leader, or 
speaker;
    (ii) A symposium or convention, with the exception of the 
attendance at a meeting conducted in accordance with the provisions of 
the Federal Advisory

[[Page 50827]]

Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), whether online or in-person;
    (iii) The preparation of a subject matter for presentation as an 
instructor, discussion leader, or speaker at a training or educational 
activity described in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section, 
subject to the requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section; 
and
    (iv) The presentation of a subject matter as an instructor, 
discussion leader, or speaker at a training or educational activity 
described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, subject to 
the requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Special allowance for instructors, discussion leaders, and 
speakers. (1) Contingent upon the approval by a CBP-selected 
accreditor, an individual broker may claim one continuing education 
credit for each full 60 minutes spent:
    (i) Presenting subject matter as an instructor, discussion leader, 
or speaker at a training or educational activity described in paragraph 
(a)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section; or
    (ii) Preparing subject matter for presentation as an instructor, 
discussion leader, or speaker at a training or educational activity 
described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (2) The special allowance for instructors, discussion leaders, and 
speakers is subject to the following limitations:
    (i) For any session of presentation given at one time, regardless 
of the duration of that session, an individual broker may claim, at a 
maximum, one continuing education credit for the time spent preparing 
subject matter for that presentation pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(ii) 
of this section.
    (ii) Per triennial period, an individual broker may claim, at a 
maximum, a combined total of 12 continuing education credits earned in 
accordance with paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (3) Regardless of whether the training or educational activity is 
offered by a U.S. Government agency or another provider, any 
instructor, discussion leader, or speaker seeking to claim continuing 
education credit in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
must obtain the approval of a CBP-selected accreditor.
    (c) Selection of accreditors. The Office of Trade will select 
accreditors based on a Request for Information (RFI) and a Request for 
Proposal (RFP) announced through the System for Award Management (SAM) 
or any other electronic system for award management approved by the 
U.S. General Services Administration, in accordance with the Federal 
Acquisition Regulation (48 CFR chapter 1), for a specific period of 
award, subject to renewal. The Executive Assistant Commissioner, Office 
of Trade, will periodically publish notices in the Federal Register 
announcing the criteria that CBP will use to select an accreditor, the 
period during which CBP will accept applications by potential 
accreditors, and the period of award for a CBP-selected accreditor.
    (d) Responsibilities of CBP-selected accreditors. CBP-selected 
accreditors administer the accreditation of trainings or educational 
activities other than those described in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section for the purpose of the continuing broker education requirement 
by reviewing and approving or denying such educational content for 
continuing education credit. A CBP-selected accreditor's approval of a 
training or educational activity for continuing education credit is 
valid for one year, and the accreditation may be renewed through any 
CBP-selected accreditor.
    (e) Prohibition of self-certification by an accreditor. CBP-
selected accreditors may not approve their own trainings or educational 
activities for continuing education credit.


Sec.  111.104   Failure to report and certify compliance with 
continuing broker education requirement.

    (a) Notification by CBP. If an individual broker is subject to the 
continuing broker education requirement pursuant to Sec.  111.102 and 
submits a status report as required under Sec.  111.30(d)(2), but fails 
to report and certify compliance with the continuing broker education 
requirement as part of the submission of the status report, then CBP 
will notify the individual broker of the broker's failure to report and 
certify compliance in accordance with Sec.  111.30(d). The notification 
will be sent to the address reflected in CBP's records, or transmitted 
electronically pursuant to any electronic means authorized by CBP for 
that purpose.
    (b) Required response to notice. Upon the issuance of such 
notification, the individual broker must within 30 calendar days:
    (1) Submit a corrected status report that, in accordance with Sec.  
111.30(d), reflects the individual broker's compliance with the 
continuing broker education requirement, if the individual broker 
completed the required number of continuing education credits but 
failed to report and certify compliance with the requirement as part of 
the submission of the status report; or
    (2) Complete the required number of continuing education credits of 
qualifying continuing broker education and submit a corrected status 
report that, in accordance with Sec.  111.30(d), reflects the broker's 
compliance with the continuing broker education requirement, if the 
individual broker had not completed the required number of continuing 
education credits at the time the status report was due.
    (c) Suspension of license. Unless the individual broker takes the 
corrective actions described in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section 
within 30 calendar days of the issuance of the notification described 
in paragraph (a) of this section, CBP will take actions to suspend the 
individual broker's license in accordance with subpart D of this part.
    (d) Revocation of license. If the individual broker's license has 
been suspended pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section and the 
individual broker fails to take the corrective actions described in 
paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section within 120 calendar days upon 
the issuance of the order of suspension, CBP will take actions to 
revoke the individual broker's license without prejudice to the filing 
of an application for a new license in accordance with subpart D of 
this part.

Alejandro N. Mayorkas,
Secretary, Department of Homeland Security.
[FR Doc. 2021-19013 Filed 9-9-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P