Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Small Electric Motors and Electric Motors, 4-25 [2020-27662]
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
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20 CFR Part 655
Administrative practice and
procedure, Labor certification processes
for temporary employment.
29 CFR Part 18
Administrative practice and
procedure, Labor.
U.S.C. 1101 note); sec. 412(e), Pub. L. 105–
277, 112 Stat. 2681; 8 CFR 214.2(h); and 28
U.S.C. 2461 note, Pub. L. 114–74 at section
701.
Subparts L and M issued under 8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(c) and 1182(m); sec. 2(d),
Pub. L. 106–95, 113 Stat. 1312, 1316 (8 U.S.C.
1182 note); Pub. L. 109–423, 120 Stat. 2900;
and 8 CFR 214.2(h).
2. In § 655.61, revise paragraph (e) to
read as follows:
(b) * * *
(1) In any case for which
administrative review is sought or
handled in accordance with 20 CFR
655.61, 655.171(a), or 655.461, at any
point from when the BALCA receives a
request for review until the passage of
10 business days after the date on which
BALCA has issued its decision.
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§ 655.61
Title 29: Labor
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Administrative review.
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29 CFR Part 503
Administrative practice and
procedure, Obligations, Enforcement,
Immigration and Nationality Act,
Temporary alien non-agricultural
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For the reasons discussed in the joint
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18 and 503 of title 29 of the Code of
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(e) Review. The BALCA must review
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basis of the Appeal File, the request for
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(1) Affirm the CO’s determination; or
(2) Reverse or modify the CO’s
determination; or
(3) Remand to the CO for further
action.
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■ 3. In § 655.72, revise paragraph (b)(3)
to read as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
§ 655.72
Title 20: Employees’ Benefits
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Employment and Training
Administration
PART 655—TEMPORARY
EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN
WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES
1. The authority citation for part 655
continues to read as follows:
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Authority: Section 655.0 issued under 8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(E)(iii), 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)
and (ii), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a)(6), 1182(m), (n), (p),
and (t), 1184(c), (g), and (j), 1188, and 1288(c)
and (d); sec. 3(c)(1), Pub. L. 101–238, 103
Stat. 2099, 2102 (8 U.S.C. 1182 note); sec.
221(a), Pub. L. 101–649, 104 Stat. 4978, 5027
(8 U.S.C. 1184 note); sec. 303(a)(8), Pub. L.
102–232, 105 Stat. 1733, 1748 (8 U.S.C. 1101
note); sec. 323(c), Pub. L. 103–206, 107 Stat.
2428; sec. 412(e), Pub. L. 105–277, 112 Stat.
2681 (8 U.S.C. 1182 note); sec. 2(d), Pub. L.
106–95, 113 Stat. 1312, 1316 (8 U.S.C. 1182
note); 29 U.S.C. 49k; Pub. L. 107–296, 116
Stat. 2135, as amended; Pub. L. 109–423, 120
Stat. 2900; 8 CFR 214.2(h)(4)(i); 8 CFR
214.2(h)(6)(iii); and sec. 6, Pub. L. 115–218,
132 Stat. 1547 (48 U.S.C. 1806).
Subpart A issued under 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subpart B issued under 8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(a), 1184(c), and 1188; and 8
CFR 214.2(h).
Subpart E issued under 48 U.S.C. 1806.
Subparts F and G issued under 8 U.S.C.
1288(c) and (d); sec. 323(c), Pub. L. 103–206,
107 Stat. 2428; and 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, Pub.
L. 114–74 at section 701.
Subparts H and I issued under 8 U.S.C.
1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) and (b)(1), 1182(n), (p),
and (t), and 1184(g) and (j); sec. 303(a)(8),
Pub. L. 102–232, 105 Stat. 1733, 1748 (8
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PART 503—ENFORCEMENT OF
OBLIGATIONS FOR TEMPORARY
NONIMMIGRANT NONAGRICULTURAL WORKERS
DESCRIBED IN THE IMMIGRATION
AND NATIONALITY ACT
7. The authority citation for part 503
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b); 8
U.S.C. 1184; 8 CFR 214.2(h); 28 U.S.C. 2461
note (Federal Civil Penalties Inflation
Adjustment Act of 1990); Pub. L. 114–74 at
§ 701.
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Revocation.
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(b) * * *
(3) Appeal. An employer may appeal
a Notice of Revocation, or a final
determination of the Administrator,
OFLC after the review of rebuttal
evidence, according to the appeal
procedures of § 655.61.
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■ 4. In § 655.73, revise paragraph (g)(6)
to read as follows:
§ 655.73
Debarment.
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(g) * * *
(6) ARB decision. The ARB’s decision
must be issued within 90 calendar days
from the notice granting the petition and
served upon all parties and the ALJ.
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Office of the Secretary of Labor
PART 18—RULES OF PRACTICE AND
PROCEDURE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE
HEARINGS BEFORE THE OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES
5. The authority citation for part 18
continues to read as follows:
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Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 5 U.S.C. 551–553;
5 U.S.C. 571 note; E.O. 12778; 57 FR 7292.
6. In § 18.95, revise paragraph (b)(1) to
read as follows:
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§ 18.95 Review of decision and review by
the Secretary.
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§ 503.55 Decision of the Administrative
Review Board.
The ARB’s decision will be issued
within 90 days from the notice granting
the petition and served upon all parties
and the ALJ.
Eugene Scalia,
Secretary of Labor.
Chad R. Mizelle,
Senior Official Performing the Duties of the
General Counsel, U.S. Department of
Homeland Security.
[FR Doc. 2020–28951 Filed 12–30–20; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 4510–HL–P
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[EERE–2017–BT–TP–0047]
Title 29: Labor
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8. Revise § 503.55 to read as follows:
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RIN 1904–AE18
Energy Conservation Program: Test
Procedures for Small Electric Motors
and Electric Motors
Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
In this final rule, the
Department of Energy (‘‘DOE’’) is further
harmonizing its test procedures with
industry practice by updating a
currently incorporated testing standard
to reference that standard’s latest
version, incorporating a new industry
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
testing standard that manufacturers
would be permitted to use in addition
to those industry standards currently
incorporated by reference, and
harmonizing certain test conditions
with current industry standards to
improve the comparability of test results
for small electric motors. None of these
changes would affect the measured
average full-load efficiency of small
electric motors or the measured nominal
full-load efficiency of electric motors
when compared to the current test
procedures.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is
February 3, 2021. The final rule changes
will be mandatory for product testing
starting July 6, 2021. The incorporation
by reference of certain publications
listed in the rule is approved by the
Director of the Federal Register on
February 3, 2021. The incorporation by
reference of certain other publications
listed in this rulemaking was approved
by the Director of the Federal Register
on June 4, 2012.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes
Federal Register notices, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts,
comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for
review at https://www.regulations.gov.
All documents in the docket are listed
in the https://www.regulations.gov index.
However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing
information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly
available.
A link to the docket web page can be
found at https://www.regulations.gov/
docket?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047. The
docket web page contains instructions
on how to access all documents,
including public comments, in the
docket.
For further information on how to
review the docket contact the Appliance
and Equipment Standards Program staff
at (202) 287–1445 or by email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Office, EE–2J, 1000
Independence Avenue SW, Washington,
DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–
9870. Email:
ApplianceStandardsQuestions@
ee.doe.gov.
Mr. Michael Kido, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel,
GC–33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20585–0121.
Telephone: (202) 586–8145. Email:
Michael.Kido@hq.doe.gov.
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DOE
maintains or updates previously
approved incorporations by reference
and newly incorporates by reference the
following industry standards into 10
CFR part 431:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Canadian Standards Association (‘‘CSA’’)
C390–10, ‘‘Test methods, marking
requirements, and energy efficiency
levels for three-phase induction motors,’’
March 2010.
CSA C747–09, ‘‘Energy efficiency test
methods for small motors,’’ October
2009.
Copies of CSA C390–10 and CSA C747–09
can be obtained from Canadian Standards
Association, Sales Department, 5060
Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga,
Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, 1–800–463–6727,
or by visiting https://www.shopcsa.ca/
onlinestore/welcome.asp.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (‘‘IEEE’’) 112–2017, ‘‘IEEE
Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase
Induction Motors and Generators,’’
approved December 6, 2017.
IEEE 114–2010, ‘‘Test Procedure for SinglePhase Induction Motors,’’ approved
September 30, 2010.
Copies of IEEE 112–2017 and IEEE 114–
2010 can be obtained from Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445
Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ
08855–1331, (732) 981–0060, or by visiting
https://www.ieee.org.
International Electrotechnical Commission
(‘‘IEC’’) 60034–1:2010, Edition 12.0
2010–02, ‘‘Rotating electric machines—
Part 1: Rating and performance.’’
IEC 60034–2–1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014–06,
‘‘Rotating electrical machines—Part 2–1:
Standard methods for determining losses
and their efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles).’’
IEC 60051–1:2016, Edition 6.0 2016–02,
‘‘Direct acting indicating analogue
electrical measuring instruments and
their accessories—Part 1: Definitions and
general requirements common to all
parts.’’
Copies of IEC 60034–2–1:2014, IEC 60034–
1:2010, and IEC 60051–1:2016 may be
purchased from International
Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de
Varembe´, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH—1211
Geneva 20—Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11,
or by visiting https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (‘‘NEMA’’) MG 1–2016,
‘‘American National Standard for Motors
and Generators (‘‘NEMA MG 1–2016’’),
ANSI approved June 1, 2018.
Copies of NEMA MG 1–2016 may be
purchases from National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th
Street, Suite 900, Arlington, Virginia 22209,
+1 703 841 3200, or by visiting https://
www.nema.org.
For a further discussion of these
standards, see section IV.O.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
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A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of the Test Procedures for
Currently Regulated Small Electric
Motors and Electric Motors
1. Definition of ‘‘Small Electric Motor’’
2. Scope of the Small Electric Motor Test
Procedure
3. Scope of the Electric Motor Test
Procedure
B. Industry Standards
1. IEEE 112–2017
2. IEC 60034–2–1:2014
C. Rated Output Power and Breakdown
Torque of Small Electric Motors
D. Rated Values Specified for Testing
Small Electric Motors
1. Rated Frequency
2. Rated Load
3. Rated Voltage
E. Effective and Compliance Date
F. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
1. Cost Impacts for Small Electric Motors
2. Cost Impacts for Electric Motors
3. Additional Amendments
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under Executive Orders 13771
and 13777
C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility
Act
D. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995
E. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
F. Review Under Executive Order 13132
G. Review Under Executive Order 12988
H. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995
I. Review Under the Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1999
J. Review Under Executive Order 12630
K. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
L. Review Under Executive Order 13211
M. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974
N. Congressional Notification
O. Description of Materials Incorporated by
Reference
IV. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
The Department of Energy (‘‘DOE’’) is
authorized to establish and amend
energy conservation standards and test
procedures for small electric motors and
electric motors.1 (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A);
42 U.S.C. 6317(b)) The current DOE test
procedures for small electric motors
appear at subpart X, part 431 of Title 10
of the Code of Federal Regulations
(‘‘CFR’’). See 10 CFR 431.444. The
current DOE test procedures for electric
motors appear in appendix B to subpart
1 EPCA authorized DOE to prescribe test
procedures and energy conservation standards for
small electric motors pending a determination of
feasibility and justification (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)),
completed on July 10, 2006. 71 FR 38799. DOE is
obligated to review (and amend as needed) its test
procedures and standards under 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)
and 6316(a).
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labeling, and standards. (42 U.S.C.
6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297)
The Federal testing requirements
consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment
must use as the basis for: (1) Certifying
to DOE that their equipment complies
with the applicable energy conservation
standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42
A. Authority
U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and
The Energy Policy and Conservation
(2) making representations about the
Act, as amended (‘‘EPCA’’) 2 (42 U.S.C.
efficiency of that equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6291–6317), among other things,
6314(d)) Similarly, DOE uses these test
authorizes DOE to regulate the energy
procedures to determine whether the
efficiency of a number of consumer
equipment complies with relevant
products and industrial equipment.
standards promulgated under EPCA. (42
Title III, Part C 3 of EPCA, added by Title U.S.C. 6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s))
IV, section 441(a) of the National Energy
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth
Conservation Policy Act (Pub. L. 95–619 criteria and procedures for prescribing
(Nov. 9, 1978)), established the Energy
and amending test procedures for
Conservation Program for Certain
covered equipment. EPCA provides in
Industrial Equipment, which set forth a
relevant part that any test procedures
variety of provisions designed to
prescribed or amended under this
improve the energy efficiency of certain section must be reasonably designed to
industrial equipment. Later, the Energy
produce test results which reflect the
Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102–486 energy efficiency, energy use, or
(October 24, 1992), further amended
estimated annual operating cost of
EPCA by adding, among other things,
covered equipment during a
provisions governing the regulation of
representative average use cycle and
small electric motors. EPCA was further requires that test procedures not be
amended by the American Energy
unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
Manufacturing Technical Corrections
U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
In addition, if DOE determines that a
Act, Public Law 112–210 (December 18,
test procedure amendment is warranted,
2012), which explicitly permitted DOE
it must publish test procedures and offer
to examine the possibility of regulating
the public an opportunity to present
‘‘other motors’’ in addition to those
oral and written comments on them. (42
electric and small electric motors that
Congress had already otherwise defined U.S.C. 6314(b))
EPCA also requires that, at least once
and required DOE to regulate. (42 U.S.C.
6311(1)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(B)(xiii); 42 every 7 years, DOE evaluate test
procedures for each type of covered
U.S.C. 6317(b))
equipment including small electric
The energy conservation program
motors to determine whether amended
under EPCA consists essentially of four
test procedures would more accurately
parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3)
or fully comply with the requirements
Federal energy conservation standards,
for the test procedures to not be unduly
and (4) certification and enforcement
burdensome to conduct and be
procedures. Relevant provisions of
reasonably designed to produce test
EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C.
results that reflect the energy efficiency,
6311), test procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314),
energy use, and estimated operating
labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
costs during a representative average
energy conservation standards (42
use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)) If the
U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
Secretary determines that a test
require information and reports from
procedure amendment is warranted, the
manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316). EPCA
Secretary must publish test procedures
includes specific authority for DOE to
in the Federal Register and afford
establish test procedures and standards
interested persons an opportunity (of
for small electric motors. (42 U.S.C.
not less than 45 days’ duration) to
6317(b))
present oral and written data, views,
Federal energy efficiency
and arguments on the test procedures.
requirements for covered equipment
(42 U.S.C. 6314(b)) DOE is publishing
established under EPCA generally
this final rule to satisfy the 7-year
supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, review requirement for small electric
B of 10 CFR part 431 (‘‘Appendix B’’).
The following sections discuss DOE’s
authority to amend test procedures for
small electric motors and electric
motors, as well as relevant background
information regarding DOE’s
consideration of test procedures for
these motors.
2 All references to EPCA in this document refer
to the statute as amended through America’s Water
Infrastructure Act of 2018, Public Law 115–270
(Oct. 23, 2018).
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3 For editorial purposes, upon codification into
the U.S. Code, Part C was re-designated as Part A–
1.
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motors specified in EPCA, which
requires that DOE publish either a final
rule amending the test procedures or a
determination that amended test
procedures are not required. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(1)(A)) This final rule also
responds to petitions for rulemaking
received from the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (‘‘NEMA’’)
and Underwriters Laboratory (‘‘UL’’)
pertaining to small electric motors and
electric motors. (See section I.B)
B. Background
EPCA defines ‘‘small electric motor,’’
as ‘‘a NEMA general purpose alternating
current single-speed induction motor,
built in a two-digit frame number series
in accordance with NEMA Standards
Publication MG 1–1987.’’ (42 U.S.C.
6311(13)(G)) EPCA directed DOE to
establish a test procedure for those
small electric motors for which DOE
makes a determination that energy
conservation standards would be
technologically feasible and
economically justified and would result
in significant energy savings. (42 U.S.C.
6317(b)(1)) On July 10, 2006, DOE
published its determination that energy
conservation standards for certain
polyphase and certain single-phase,
capacitor-start, induction-run, small
electric motors are technologically
feasible and economically justified, and
would result in significant energy
savings. 71 FR 38799. DOE later adopted
test procedures for small electric
motors. 74 FR 32059 (July 7, 2009)
(‘‘July 2009 final rule’’). EPCA also
required that following establishment of
the required test procedures, DOE
establish energy conservation standards
for those small electric motors for which
test procedures were prescribed. (42
U.S.C. 6317(b)(2)) DOE complied with
this requirement when it established
energy conservation standards for small
electric motors. 75 FR 10874 (March 9,
2010) (‘‘March 2010 final rule’’).4
Subsequently, DOE published an
update to the test procedures for small
electric motors on May 4, 2012. 77 FR
26608. The test procedures for small
electric motors appear at 10 CFR
431.444, and incorporate certain
industry standards from the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(‘‘IEEE’’) and Canadian Standards
Association (‘‘CSA’’), as listed in Table
I–1.
4 A technical correction was published on April
5, 2010, to correct the compliance date. 75 FR
17036.
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TABLE I–1—INDUSTRY STANDARDS CURRENTLY INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE FOR SMALL ELECTRIC MOTORS
Equipment description
Industry test procedure
Single-phase small electric motors ..........................................................
Polyphase small electric motors less than or equal to 1 horsepower .....
Polyphase small electric motors greater than 1 horsepower ...................
More recently, DOE published a
request for information pertaining to the
test procedures for small electric motors
and electric motors in July 2017. 82 FR
35468 (July 31, 2017) (‘‘July 2017 RFI’’).
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE solicited
public comments, data, and information
on all aspects of, and any issues or
problems with, the existing DOE test
procedure for small electric motors,
including on any needed updates or
revisions. DOE also discussed potential
categories of electric motors (as defined
at 10 CFR 431.12) that may be
considered in future DOE test
procedures. 82 FR 35470–35474. At the
request of commenters, DOE extended
IEEE 114–2010, CSA C747–09.
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method A, CSA C747–09.
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B, CSA C390–10.
the comment period for the July 2017
RFI in a notice published on August 30,
2017. 82 FR 41179.
Separate from the July 2017 RFI,
NEMA and Underwriter Laboratories
(‘‘UL’’) independently submitted written
petitions requesting that certain
portions of International
Electrotechnical Commission (‘‘IEC’’)
60034–2–1:2014 be adopted as a
permitted alternative test method for
small electric motors and electric
motors.5 DOE published a notice of
receipt of these petitions on November
2, 2017. 82 FR 50844 (‘‘November 2017
notice of petition’’).
On April 23, 2019, DOE published a
NOPR (‘‘April 2019 NOPR’’) responding
to the comments received to the July
2017 RFI and proposing to further
clarify the test procedures for small
electric motors and incorporate an
additional industry test method, IEC
60034–2–1:2014 industry test standard,
for testing small electric motors and
electric motors.6 84 FR 17004 (April 23,
2019). The April 2019 NOPR also
addressed the test procedures for
electric motors in response to the
November 2017 notice of petition. Id.
DOE received four comments in
response to the April 2019 NOPR from
the interested parties listed in Table I–
2.
TABLE I–2—APRIL 2019 NOPR WRITTEN COMMENTS
Organization(s)
Reference in this final rule
Appliance Standards Awareness Project, Alliance to Save Energy, California Energy
Commission, Natural Resources Defense Council.
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers & Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric, and Southern California Edison.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association ..............................................................
Efficiency Advocates ..........
Efficiency Organizations.
AHAM and AHRI ................
Trade Associations.
CA IOUs .............................
Utilities.
NEMA .................................
Trade Association.
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE is amending 10
CFR part 431 as follows:
(1) Updating the referenced industry
testing standard for measuring the
energy efficiency of small electric
motors and electric motors to its latest
version, IEEE 112–2017, ‘‘IEEE Standard
Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators;’’
(2) Incorporating by reference as an
alternative test procedure for the
measurement of energy efficiency in
small electric motors and electric
motors testing standard IEC 60034–2–
1:2014, ‘‘Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from
tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles);’’
(3) Adding definitions for ‘‘rated
load,’’ ‘‘rated output power,’’ and
‘‘breakdown torque’’ of small electric
Organization type
motors based on NEMA MG 1–2016;
and 7
(4) Specifying the frequency used for
testing by defining ‘‘rated frequency,’’
and specify that manufacturers select
the voltage used for testing by defining
‘‘rated voltage.’’
Table II–1 summarizes the test
procedure amendments compared to the
current test procedure as well as the
reason for each change.
TABLE II–1—SYNOPSIS OF THE NOTICE OF TEST PROCEDURE
Current test procedure
Incorporates by reference IEEE 112–
2004 to measure full-load efficiency
of polyphase small electric motors.
NOPR test procedure
—Proposed adding IEEE 112–2017 as
an alternative to IEEE 112–2004.
The IEEE 112–2017 version includes
the following updates compared to
IEEE 112–2004:
(1) Updates to certain requirements regarding measurement instrument selection and accuracy.
5 The NEMA petition and work paper are
available at https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0028. The UL
petition and supporting documentation are
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Replaces IEEE 112–2004 with IEEE
112–2017 (considered equivalent).
available at https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0029.
6 All comments received in response to the July
2017 TP RFI are available for review at https://
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Reason
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—Achieves consistency with industry
update to IEEE 112–2017.
—Addresses comments in response to
the April 2019 NOPR that including
both the 2004 and 2017 versions of
IEEE 112 is unnecessary because
they are equivalent. See section
III.B.1 for further discussion.
www.regulations.gov under docket number EERE–
2017–BT–TP–0047.
7 Approved by ANSI on June 1, 2018 with 2018
supplements. DOE is not incorporating by reference
these supplements as part of this final rule.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
TABLE II–1—SYNOPSIS OF THE NOTICE OF TEST PROCEDURE—Continued
Current test procedure
NOPR test procedure
Does not incorporate by reference IEC
60034–2–1:2014.
For Small Electric Motors: Specifies
testing at rated load but does not define that term.
For Small Electric Motors: Specifies
testing at rated voltage and rated frequency, but does not define those
terms.
(2) Alignment of core loss calculation
with CSA 390–10 and Method 2–1–
1B of IEC 60034–2–1:2014.
—Proposed adding Method 2–1–1B of
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 as an alternative to IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B, IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B
and CSA C390–10.
—Proposed adding Method 2–1–1A of
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 as an alternative to IEEE 114–2010, IEEE 112–
2004, IEEE 112–2017 Test Method
A and CSA C747–09.
—Proposed defining ‘‘rated load’’ (and
‘‘rated output power’’ and ‘‘breakdown torque’’ to support the definition of ‘‘rated load’’) of small electric
motors based on NEMA MG 1–2016.
—Proposed defining ‘‘rated voltage,’’
which provides that manufacturers
select the voltage that is used for
testing, and ‘‘rated frequency’’.
DOE has determined that the
amendments described in section III of
this notice will not alter the measured
efficiency of small electric motors or
electric motors, and that the test
procedures will not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. Discussion of
DOE’s actions are addressed in detail in
section III of this document.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of the Test Procedures for
Currently Regulated Small Electric
Motors and Electric Motors
This final rule does not change the
scope of the test procedure with respect
to small electric motors and electric
motors. The scope of the test procedure
as applied to currently regulated motors
is discussed in sections III.A.1 through
III.A.3.
1. Definition of ‘‘Small Electric Motor’’
EPCA defines the term ‘‘small electric
motor’’ as ‘‘a NEMA general purpose
alternating current single-speed
induction motor, built in a two-digit
frame number series in accordance with
NEMA Standards Publication MG 1–
1987.’’ 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(G) In the July
2009 final rule, DOE adopted a modified
version of this definition at 10 CFR
431.442 to specify that the term also
encompasses those motors that are built
as ‘‘IEC metric equivalent motors.’’ 74
FR 32059, 32062; 10 CFR 431.442. This
specification ensures that motors that
otherwise satisfy the small electric
motor definition but are built in
accordance with metric-units are treated
in a like manner as their counterparts
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Final rule test procedure
Reason
Identical to the NOPR ...........................
Addresses suggestions offered in industry petition (EERE–2017–BT–TP–
0047–0030).
Similar to the NOPR. Clarifies that
DOE will not require additional testing and measurement of breakdown
torque. Also clarifies the definition of
breakdown torque.
—Reflects industry practice and improves the representativeness of the
test procedure.
—Addresses comments to the April
2019 NOPR regarding testing and
reporting. See section III.C for further
discussion.
Improves repeatability of the test procedure.
Similar to the NOPR. Clarifies further
that the rated voltage must be one of
the voltages used by the manufacturer for making representation of the
small electric motor performance.
that are built in accordance with U.S.
customary units of measurement.
The current definition at 10 CFR
431.442 lists the criteria that must be
met for a motor to be defined as a ‘‘small
electric motor.’’ Under these criteria, a
small electric motor is:
A NEMA general purpose motor 8
that:
• Uses alternating current,
• Is single-speed,
• Is an induction motor; and
• Is built in a two-digit frame size in
accordance with NEMA Standards
Publication MG 1–1987, including IEC
metric equivalent motors. See 10 CFR
431.442.
DOE did not propose to modify the
definition of ‘‘small electric motor’’ in
the April 2019 NOPR (See 84 FR 17004,
17007) and DOE did not receive any
comments suggesting that it do so.
Accordingly, DOE is not modifying the
current definition of small electric
motor.
2. Scope of the Small Electric Motor
Test Procedure
In the March 2010 final rule, DOE
concluded that the following motor
topologies satisfy the small electric
motor definition: Capacitor-start
induction-run (‘‘CSIR’’), capacitor-start
capacitor-run (‘‘CSCR’’), and certain
polyphase motors. 75 FR 10874, 10882–
8 In response to questions from NEMA and
various motor manufacturers, DOE issued a
guidance document that identifies some key design
elements for consideration when determining
whether a given individual motor meets the small
electric motor definition and is subject to the energy
conservation standards promulgated for small
electric motors. See https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0082.
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10883. DOE determined for purposes of
its regulations that only CSIR, CSCR,
and polyphase motors are able to meet
the performance requirements in NEMA
MG1 and are widely considered general
purpose alternating current motors, as
shown by the listings found in
manufacturers’ catalogs. Id. As such,
DOE concluded that CSIR, CSCR, and
polyphase motors are the only motor
categories that would satisfy the
relevant criteria set by EPCA to be
regulated as small electric motors. 75 FR
10874, 10883. DOE established test
procedures for these three topologies in
subpart X of 10 CFR part 431.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
DOE received a number of comments
relevant to the scope of applicability for
the small electric motors test
procedures. NEMA commented that
there have been no significant
technological advancements for small
electric motors since the last rulemaking
and that it supported maintaining the
current scope of applicability. (NEMA,
No. 84 at p. 2) 9 AHAM and AHRI also
supported the current scope of the test
procedure, (AHAM and AHRI, No. 85 at
pp. 1–2), and opposed developing
separate test procedures and energy
conservation standards for special and
definite purpose motors. In their view,
an expanded test procedure scope
would increase costs (equipment cost,
9 A notation in the form ‘‘NEMA, No. 84 at p. 2’’
identifies a written comment: (1) Made by NEMA;
(2) recorded in document number 84 that is filed
in the docket of this test procedure rulemaking
(Docket No. EERE–2017–BT–TP–0047) and
available for review at https://www.regulations.gov;
and (3) which appears on page 2 of document
number 84.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
testing costs, and costs related to
certification) and would not increase
energy savings because original
equipment manufacturers already
consider efficient small electric motors
as a design option to meet the energy
conservation standards for those
finished products regulated by DOE. Id.
They added that an expanded scope to
include definite and special purpose
motors could impact the availability of
replacement parts. They noted that
home appliances and heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning
(‘‘HVAC’’) equipment have long
lifetimes and often have sizing
constraints. They asserted that, if motor
sizes increase in response to efficiency
requirements, replacement motors may
no longer fit in those products using
small electric motors.10 (AHAM and
AHRI, No. 85 at p. 3)
The CA IOUs and Efficiency
Advocates supported expanding the
scope of the small electric motors test
procedures to cover a broader range of
motors. In their view, DOE should
expand the scope of the small electric
motors test procedure to address a wide
range of motors that the market
considers ‘‘small.’’ (CA IOUs, No. 86 at
p. 2) The Efficiency Advocates stated
that DOE previously found that motors
with the same characteristics as
currently regulated small electric motors
are widely available in larger
horsepower ranges. They referenced
DOE’s preliminary identification
presented in the July 2017 RFI of 11
motor categories that may represent
significant shipment volumes and
energy consumption and that were
capable of being tested using existing
test procedures. The Efficiency
Advocates stated that these motor
categories include both inefficient
designs (e.g., shaded-pole) and highefficiency topologies (e.g., permanent
magnet and switched reluctance).
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at p. 1)
As previously stated, DOE is not
modifying the test procedure’s scope.
The test procedure continues to apply
only to small electric motors that are
currently subject to DOE’s existing test
procedure at 10 CFR 431.444. As
explained in the March 2010 final rule,
under the definition of ‘‘small electric
motor’’ prescribed by EPCA, CSIR,
CSCR, and polyphase motors are the
10 One of the methods for improving the
efficiency of an electric motor is to increase its stack
length—i.e., the number of rotors and stators that
are stacked together to fit along a given motor’s
shaft. While this may increase the efficiency of a
given motor with specified horsepower and torque
ratings, it also results in increasing the overall
dimensions of the motor, thereby affecting its
ability to fit within a given application.
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only motor categories that are general
purpose motors (which is a key element
to the statutory definition of this term),
and therefore the only categories for
which DOE has authority to regulate as
a small electric motor. 75 FR 10874,
10881. Special purpose and definite
purpose motors are not general purpose
motors and therefore are not covered
under the statutory or regulatory
definition of ‘‘small electric motor’’ and
are not ‘‘small electric motors’’ under
DOE’s statutory or regulatory
framework.11 (See 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(G)
(defining ‘‘small electric motor’’), 42
U.S.C. 6311(13)(C) (defining ‘‘definite
purpose motor’’) and 42 U.S.C.
6311(13)(D) (defining ‘‘special purpose
motor’’); see also generally 10 CFR
431.442)
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE indicated
that it may consider setting test
procedures for electric motors that are
considered ‘‘small’’ by customers and
the electric motors industry, but that are
not currently subject to the small
electric motor test procedure. 82 FR
35468, 35470–35471. DOE discussed
that the motors identified in the July
2017 RFI may have similarities to
motors that are currently regulated as
small electric motors (such as
horsepower) and may be used in similar
applications. However, DOE had not
concluded that the identified motors are
small electric motors or electric motors
(nor did DOE propose such a
conclusion). While certain commenters
urged DOE to expand the scope of the
test procedures to include some or all of
the 11 categories of motors identified in
the July 2017 RFI, these commenters did
not provide an explanation for how
such expansion would be consistent
with DOE’s authority under EPCA, or
how such motors should be classified
and tested.
AHAM and AHRI referenced the
statutory exemption regarding the
application of energy conservation
standards for small electric motors that
are components of covered products (42
11 Under EPCA, the term ‘‘definite purpose
motor’’ means ‘‘any motor designed in standard
ratings with standard operating characteristics or
standard mechanical construction for use under
service conditions other than usual or for use on a
particular type of application and which cannot be
used in most general purpose applications.’’ 42
U.S.C. 6311(13)(C). Similarly, EPCA defines a
‘‘special purpose motor’’ as ‘‘any motor, other than
a general purpose motor or definite purpose motor,
which has special operating characteristics or
special mechanical construction, or both, designed
for a particular application.’’ 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(D).
Given that EPCA treats these motors as being
separate from small electric motors, and that these
two categories of motors generally fall outside of
general purpose motor applications, coverage of
definite purpose and special purpose motors cannot
be accomplished through DOE’s authority to
regulate small electric motors.
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9
U.S.C. 6317(b)(3)) and requested that
DOE interpret the exemption to apply to
all small electric motors destined for or
used in covered products or equipment.
(AHAM and AHRI, No. 85 at p. 4)
By statute, the small electric motor
standards established by DOE shall not
apply to any such motor that is a
component of a covered product, or of
covered equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6317(b)(3)) Accordingly, consistent with
the statute, the test procedure as
amended in this final rule does not
apply to a motor that is a component of
a covered product, or of covered
equipment.
3. Scope of the Electric Motor Test
Procedure
As noted in section I.B, this final rule
also addresses the test procedure for
electric motors in response to a petition
for rulemaking.12 The current electric
motor test procedure is codified at
subpart B of 10 CFR part 431. DOE did
not propose to amend the scope of the
electric motor test procedure.
Accordingly, this final rule does not
change the scope of that test procedure.
B. Industry Standards
The DOE test procedures rely on
industry standards that are incorporated
by reference at 10 CFR 431.443 for small
electric motors and 10 CFR 431.15 for
electric motors. Specifically, the
existing DOE test procedures for small
electric motors and electric motors rely
on the following test methods:
(1) For single-phase small electric
motors: Either IEEE 114–2010, or CSA
C747–09 (see 10 CFR 431.443(b)(1); 10
CFR 431.443(c)(2); 10 CFR
431.444(b)(1));
(2) For polyphase small electric
motors of less than or equal to 1 hp,
either Section 6.3 ‘‘Efficiency Test
Method A, Input-Output’’ of IEEE 112–
2004, ‘‘IEEE Standard Test Procedure for
Polyphase Induction Motors and
Generators’’ (‘‘IEEE 112–2004’’) or CSA
C747–09 (see 10 CFR 431.443(b)(1); 10
CFR 431.443(c)(1)(i); 10 CFR
431.444(b)(2)); and
(3) For polyphase small electric
motors of greater than 1 hp and electric
motors, either Section 6.4 ‘‘Efficiency
Test Method B, Input-Output with Loss
Segregation’’ of IEEE 112–2004; or CSA
C390–10 (see 10 CFR 431.443(b)(2); 10
CFR 431.443(c)(1)(ii); 10 CFR
431.444(b)(3); 10 CFR 431.16 and
Appendix B).
12 The NEMA petition and work paper are
available at https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0028. The UL
petition and supporting documentation are
available at https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0029.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
In preparation for the April 2019
NOPR, DOE reviewed each of the
referenced industry standards to
determine whether they still represent
the most current procedures developed
by industry. On February 14, 2018, IEEE
published an updated edition of the
IEEE 112 standard. The other referenced
industry standards incorporated into
DOE’s test procedure developed by CSA
and IEEE remain current or have been
reaffirmed without changes.13 This final
rule maintains the references to IEEE
114–2010, CSA C390–10, and CSA
C747–09. As discussed in Section III.B.1
of this document, DOE is updating the
reference to IEEE 112 to reference the
updated IEEE 112–2017 standard. As
discussed in section III.B.2, DOE is also
incorporating by reference IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 as an additional alternative
test procedure for small electric motors
and electric motors. IEEE 112–2017 and
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 are discussed in
the following paragraphs.
1. IEEE 112–2017
On February 14, 2018, IEEE approved
IEEE 112–2017, ‘‘IEEE Standard Test
Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators.’’ DOE
conducted a full review of that revised
testing standard to identify any changes
made relative to the industry test
methods that are incorporated by
reference from IEEE 112–2004. In the
April 2019 NOPR, DOE highlighted the
following changes between the 2004 and
2017 version: (1) Section 4,
‘‘Measurements’’ of IEEE 112–2017,
includes several updates regarding
instrument selection and measurement
accuracy; and (2) the method for
calculating core loss used in Section 6.4,
‘‘Efficiency Test Method B—InputOutput with Loss Segregation’’ of IEEE
112–2017 was revised and aligned with
the efficiency test method specified in
CSA C390–10, currently incorporated by
reference at 10 CFR 431.443(b)(2). 84 FR
17004, 17011. DOE further noted that
this change also aligns with the Method
2–1–1B approach of IEC 60034–2–
1:2014. Id. In the April 2019 NOPR,
DOE noted that the revisions in the 2017
version aligned measurement,
calculation methods, and
instrumentation requirements with
industry practice, and that the
differences between the IEEE 112–2004
and IEEE 112–2017 calculation methods
were minimal, with both tests resulting
in an accurate and similar measurement
of efficiency. 84 FR 17004, 17011–
17012. DOE noted that, in the small
electric motor and electric motor final
13 Both CSA C747–09 and CSA C390–10 have
been reaffirmed in 2014 and 2015, respectively.
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rule published on May 4, 2012,
commenters indicated the difference in
efficiency outcome between IEEE 112–
2004 and CSA C390–10 to be within 0.2
percent. 84 FR 17004, 17012 citing 77
FR 26608, 26622. DOE stated that the
core loss calculation in IEEE 112–2017
aligns with the core loss calculation in
CSA C390–10, and that based on this
comparison of IEEE 112–2004 and CSA
C390–10, the impact of the core loss
calculation between IEEE 112–2004 and
IEEE 112–2017 should be no greater
than 0.2 percent. 84 FR 17004, 17012.
To avoid any potential need to retest
motors that have relied on IEEE 112–
2004 for purposes of compliance, DOE
proposed to incorporate the IEEE 112–
2017 test method as an alternative to the
test methods incorporated in the current
test procedure, while retaining the
currently incorporated IEEE 112–2004
method, and requested data comparing
the results of the IEEE 112–2004 and
IEEE 112–2017. 84 FR 17004, 17012.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
NEMA supported updating the reference
to IEEE 112 to its latest 2017 version
and noted that IEEE 112–2017 Method
B resolves previous technical
differences between IEEE 112–2004
Method B and CSA C390–10. NEMA
added that both versions of IEEE 112 led
to equivalent results. (NEMA, No. 84 at
p. 2) The Efficiency Advocates
supported referencing the latest version
of IEEE 112 and urged DOE not to
continue referencing the older version
since referencing two different
procedures introduces additional
variability into the DOE test procedure.
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at p. 2)
DOE has determined that IEEE 112–
2017 will result in an accurate and
similar measurement of efficiency as
compared to IEEE 112–2004. Given the
expected variation of tested efficiency
values for small electric motors and
electric motors due to manufacturing
and material differences, any minor
differences between IEEE 112–2004 and
IEEE 112–2017 will not result in any
significant change in overall energy
efficiency test results. This
determination is consistent with DOE’s
prior comparison of IEEE 112–2004 and
CSA C390–10, as affirmed by NEMA’s
comment. Given the functional
equivalency of testing under IEEE 112–
2004 and IEEE 112–2017, DOE is
incorporating IEEE 112–2017 in place of
IEEE 112–2004. Referencing only the
most recent version of IEEE 112 avoids
the potential concerns identified by the
Efficiency Advocates. Additionally,
incorporating this update further aligns
DOE’s test procedures with current
industry practice and reduces
manufacturer test burden, while
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ensuring that motors that have
demonstrated compliance under IEEE
112–2004 methods do not require
retesting (see section III.F.1 for more
details).
Therefore, the updates to IEEE 112–
2017 are in the following sections of the
CFR (as amended by this final rule):
For small electric motors, 10 CFR
431.443 ‘‘Materials incorporated by
reference,’’ paragraph (d)(1); 10 CFR
431.444 ‘‘Test procedures for the
measurement of energy efficiency,’’
paragraphs (b)(1)(vi), (b)(3)(i) and
(b)(4)(i); and 10 CFR 431.447
‘‘Department of Energy recognition of
nationally recognized certification
programs,’’ paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4).
For electric motors, 10 CFR 431.12
‘‘Definitions’’ (the definition for
‘‘accreditation’’); 10 CFR 431.15
‘‘Materials incorporated by reference,’’
paragraph (d)(1); 10 CFR 431.19
‘‘Department of Energy recognition of
accreditation bodies,’’ paragraphs (b)(4)
and (c)(4); 10 CFR 431.20 ‘‘Department
of Energy recognition of nationally
recognized certification programs,’’
paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); and
Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 431
‘‘Uniform test method for measuring
nominal full load efficiency of electric
motors,’’ Sections 0(d),14 2(3), 3.
2. IEC 60034–2–1:2014
As discussed in section I.B, NEMA
and UL independently submitted
written petitions requesting that certain
portions of IEC 60034–2–1:2014 be
adopted as a permitted alternative test
method for small electric motors and
electric motors. Specifically, NEMA’s
petition requested that DOE incorporate
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B 15
as an alternative to IEEE 112–2004 Test
Method B and CSA C390–10, which are
currently referenced in Appendix B.
(NEMA, No. 28.2 at p. 1) UL requested
that (1) IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–
1–1B be approved for Appendix B and
section 431.444 of 10 CFR part 431 (as
an alternative to IEEE 112–2004 Test
14 Appendix B to subpart B of part 431 was
reorganized to include a new section 0 in this final
rule. Section 0 details the applicability of the
industry testing standards incorporated by reference
and provides the specific provisions of the industry
testing standards that are applicable to the DOE test
procedure and the sections of the DOE test
procedure in which the industry testing standards
are incorporated. Because of this re-organization,
the instruction in section 3 of Appendix B to
subpart B of part 431 regarding the applicability of
subsequent editions of the incorporated industry
testing standards was duplicative to those in section
0, and therefore removed in this final rule.
15 IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B (2014),
‘‘Rotating Electrical Machines—Part 2–1: Standard
methods for determining losses and efficiency from
tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles),’’
‘‘Summation of losses, additional load losses
according to the method of residual loss.’’
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Method B and CSA C390–10) and (2)
that IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1A 16 be approved for section 431.444 of
10 CFR part 431 (as an alternative to
IEEE 112–2004 Test method A, IEEE
114–2010, and CSA C747–09). (UL, No.
29.1 at p. 1) The NEMA and UL
petitions included and referenced
papers that compare the testing
methodologies presented in IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 to the IEEE and CSA standards
currently referenced in the small
electric motors and electric motors test
procedures at 10 CFR part 431.
The NEMA petition included a ‘‘work
paper’’ that summarizes an evaluation
conducted by the NEMA Motor and
Generator Section technical committee,
which found that IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B was a suitable
alternative to the IEEE 112–2004 Test
Method B and CSA C390–10 test
methods. (NEMA, No. 28.3 at p. 1) This
evaluation relied on (1) comparison of
instrumentation accuracy, test method,
and calculation approach among the
IEC, IEEE, and CSA industry standards,
(2) analysis of test results from over 500
motors tested at the Hydro-Que´bec
Research Institute, and (3) reference to
one scientific research paper (the
‘‘Angers et al. study’’), which also
concluded that all three
methods provide results that are very
closely aligned. (NEMA, No. 28.3 at pp.
1–3)
The UL petition included two papers
comparing the IEC 60034–2–1 test
methods with the respective IEEE and
CSA standards. The first paper was the
Angers et. al. study, which concluded
that the IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–
1–1B test method provides results that
are very closely aligned with the IEEE
112–2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390–10 test methods. (UL, No. 29.2 at
pp. 1–8) The second paper, written by
IEEE member Wenping Cao, compared
the IEEE 112 and IEC 60034–2–1
standards and concluded that the
resulting efficiency values were found
to be equal or otherwise closely aligned.
(UL, No. 29.3 at p. 7) UL requested that
DOE incorporate IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B as an alternative to IEEE
112–2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390–10 because of an increased use of
the IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1B. (UL, No 29.1 at p.1) In its comments,
UL did not quantify how broadly IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B is
currently being used.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to permit use of IEC 60034–2–
16 IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A (2014),
‘‘Rotating Electrical Machines—Part 2–1: Standard
methods for determining losses and efficiency from
tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles),’’
‘‘Direct Measurement of Input and Output.’’
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1:2014 Method 2–1–1A, with certain
limitations regarding torque
measurement, as an alternative to IEEE
112–2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390–10. 84 FR 17004, 17012–17013.
DOE also proposed to permit use of IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B as a
permitted alternative to the test methods
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390–10. 84 FR 17004, 17014. DOE
requested comment on its proposals
regarding IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method
2–1–1A and Method 2–1–1B, including
data comparing test results of those
standards with the corresponding CSA
and IEEE test procedures. 84 FR 17004,
17013–17014.
The CA IOUs questioned whether
alternative testing standards are truly
equivalent to one another and
commented that DOE should evaluate
the possibility that one equivalent test
procedure may produce a
disproportionately favorable result
compared to another. The CA IOUs
recommended that, to avoid confusion
in the market and maintain consistency
in results, the DOE should specify a
single version of a test procedure to be
used for enforcement testing. (CA IOUs,
No. 86 at p. 2–3)
As discussed in the April 2019 NOPR
and in the following sections, DOE
evaluated the various industry tests as
well as the results of comparative
testing and concludes that the relevant
test methods in IEC 60034–2–1:2014 are
equivalent to the corresponding
industry standards currently referenced
in the test procedures for small electric
motors and electric motors. Permitting
use of the test methods in IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 further harmonizes DOE’s test
standards with industry and reduces
test burden while ensuring that the test
procedure reflects the energy efficiency
of the relevant motors during a
representative average use cycle.
a. Method 2–1–1A
Among multiple testing methods
provided in IEC 60034–2–1:2014,
Method 2–1–1A ‘‘Direct measurement of
input and output’’ is the standard’s
preferred testing method for singlephase motors. It is based on direct
measurement of electrical input power
to the motor and mechanical output
power (in the form of torque and speed)
from the motor. This approach is
analogous to the methods of the other
industry standards, IEEE 114–2010 and
CSA C747–09, currently incorporated by
reference for testing single-phase
motors, and IEEE 112–2004 Test Method
A, currently incorporated by reference
for the purpose of testing polyphase
motors of output power less than or
equal to one horsepower.
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11
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
tentatively determined that IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A is likely to
produce accurate and reproducible
results that are consistent with results
from the other test methods permitted
under subparts X and B of 10 CFR part
431. 84 FR 17004, 17013. DOE proposed
to incorporate by reference IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A as an
alternative to the currently incorporated
industry testing standards IEEE 112–
2004 Test Method A and CSA C747–09
in 10 CFR 431.443. Id. However, DOE
also initially determined that the
process for dynamometer torque
correction in section 6.1.2.2 of IEC
60034–2–1:2014, Method 2–1–1A is
insufficiently described. 84 FR 17004,
17013. Specifically, IEEE 114–2010 17
and CSA C747–09 18 contain more
detailed descriptions of torque
correction procedures, but both state
that torque correction is not required
when torque is measured using either an
inline, rotating torque transducer or
stator reaction torque transducer. The
insufficient specificity of IEC 60034–2–
1:2014 Method 2–1–1A regarding
dynamometer torque correction can be
avoided by using a torque measurement
method that does not require correction.
Consequently, DOE proposed to permit
use of IEC 60034–2–1:2014 with
limitations to limit torque measurement
to methods that do not require
dynamometer torque correction (i.e.,
either in-line, shaft-coupled, rotating
torque transducers or stationary, stator
reaction torque transducers). 84 FR
17004, 17012–17013.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
NEMA reiterated its support to have the
option of using IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1A. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 3)
DOE did not receive any other comment
on the incorporation of IEC 60034–2–
1:2014 Method 2–1–1A generally, or
regarding the proposal to limit torque
measurement.
For the reasons discussed in the April
2019 NOPR, DOE is referencing IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A as an
alternative to the referenced industry
testing standards IEEE 112–2017 Test
Method A (per the amendment in this
final rule) and CSA C747–09 in 10 CFR
431.443. As proposed, this final rule
requires torque measurement, when
using IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1A, to be made using either in-line,
shaft-coupled, rotating torque
transducers or stationary, stator reaction
torque transducers. This change will
17 Section 5.2.1.1.1 of IEEE 114–2010 addressees
when torque correction is required.
18 Section 6.7.1 of CSA C747–09 addresses when
torque correction is required.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
further harmonize DOE’s test
procedures with current industry
practice and reduce manufacturer test
burden (see section III.F.1 for more
details).
For small electric motors, DOE is
adding a reference to IEC 60034–2–1 in
10 CFR 431.443 ‘‘Materials incorporated
by reference,’’ paragraph (c)(2) and
making a more specific set of references
to IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A
in 10 CFR 431.444 ‘‘Test procedures for
the measurement of energy efficiency,’’
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) and
in 10 CFR 431.447 ‘‘Department of
Energy recognition of nationally
recognized certification programs,’’
paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4).
In addition, section 6.1.2.2 of IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A
specifies that motors under test should
be operated at the ‘‘required load’’ until
thermal equilibrium is achieved. As
required under DOE’s test procedure,
the motor must be rated and tested at
rated load. For clarity and consistency,
in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
to modify these instructions by
replacing the term ‘‘required load’’ with
‘‘rated load.’’ 84 FR 17004, 17013. DOE
did not receive any stakeholder
comments on this proposal and is
modifying these instructions by
replacing the term ‘‘required load’’ with
‘‘rated load.’’
Furthermore, IEC 60034–2–1:2014
references IEC 60034–1:2010 and IEC
60051–1:2016 to specify required test
conditions and procedures when
applying the test methods for measuring
energy efficiency in the following
sections: (1) Section 5.4.1 of IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 specifies that the supply
voltage shall be in accordance with
sections 7.2 (and 8.3.1 for thermal tests)
of IEC 60034–1:2010; (2) section 5.5.2 of
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 specifies that the
measuring instruments shall have the
equivalent of an accuracy class of 0.2 in
case of a direct test and 0.5 in case of
an indirect test in accordance with IEC
60051; 19 and (3) section 5.7.1 of IEC
60034–2–1:2014 states that the
measured resistance at the end of the
thermal test shall be determined in a
similar way to the extrapolation
19 Section 3.8.2 of IEC 60051–1:2016 defines
‘‘accuracy class’’ as a ‘‘class of measuring
instruments, all of which are intended to comply
with a set of specifications regarding uncertainty.’’
Furthermore, IEC 6005–1:2016 specifies that an
accuracy class always specifies a limit of
uncertainty, whatever other metrological
characteristics it specifies. While IEC 60051–1:2006
does not define a metric for this term, in practice,
accuracy classes are used to designate percentage
uncertainties. For example, section 5.5.2 of IEC
60034–2–1:2014 states that ‘‘for an accuracy class
of 0.2, the measuring equipment shall reach an
overall uncertainty of 0.2% of reading at power
factor of 1.0.’’
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procedure as described in section
8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034–1, using the
shortest possible time instead of the
time interval specified in Table 5
therein, and extrapolating to zero.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is also
incorporating by reference IEC 60034–
1:2010 and IEC 60051–1:2016 to specify
the test conditions and procedures as
referenced in IEC 60034–2–1:2014.
b. Method 2–1–1B
Among the multiple testing methods
provided in IEC 60034–2–1:2014,
Method 2–1–1B ‘‘Summation of losses,
additional load losses according to the
method of residual loss’’ is the IEC
60034–2–1:2014 standard’s preferred
testing method for three-phase motors.
This method relies on the indirect
calculation of motor losses using a
combination of measured values (e.g.,
winding resistance) and assumptions so
that direct measurement of motor torque
is not needed. This method is analogous
to the methods of the other industry
standards, IEEE 112–2004 and CSA
C390–10, currently incorporated by
reference for testing polyphase small
electric motors of output power greater
than one horsepower and electric
motors.
DOE reviewed IEC 60034–2–1:2014,
Method 2–1–1B, and stakeholder
responses to the November 2017 notice
of petition, as well as all of the research
papers referenced in the NEMA and UL
petitions. The research papers evaluated
IEC 60034–2–1:2014, Method 2–1–1B
and the IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B
and CSA C390–10 testing standards
with respect to a comparison of the
instrumentation accuracy, test method,
and calculation approach, in addition to
an analysis of any variability of actual
test results. DOE also considered a
comparison of results from a round
robin test program among 11
participants, which concluded that the
same motor tested at multiple test
facilities showed a maximum deviation
of ±0.4 percentage points, using the
same IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B for
each test.20 84 FR 17013–17014. DOE
noted that the largest difference
reported by stakeholders between
measured efficiency values using IEC
60034–2–1:2014, Method 2–1–1B and
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B did not
exceed ±0.2 percentage points. 84 FR
17004, 17014.
DOE initially concluded that (1) these
methods are not identical, but the
differences between these standards are
20 Hydro-Quebec Research Institute, NEMA Motor
Round Robin, November 2018. Motor Summit 2018
Proceedings. Available at https://
www.motorsummit.ch/sites/default/files/2018-11/
MS18_proceedings.pdf.
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within the expected measurement
variation of the existing test procedure;
(2) all three tests would result in
measurements of efficiency that would
yield the same results with respect to
motor compliance; and (3) given the
variable nature of tested efficiency
values for electric motors and small
electric motors due to manufacturing
and material differences, the variation
in the calculated efficiency is
insignificant and not likely to result in
any significant change in overall energy
efficiency test results. 84 FR 17004,
17014. Accordingly, in the April 2019
NOPR, DOE proposed to incorporate by
reference IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method
2–1–1B as an alternative to the currently
incorporated industry testing standards
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390–10 and to IEEE 112–2017 Test
Method B. Id.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
NEMA reaffirmed its request for the
addition of IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method
2–1–1B as an alternative test standard
for polyphase small electric motors
greater than 1 hp and electric motors.
(NEMA, No. 84 at p. 3)
Based on the considerations presented
in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE affirms its
initial conclusions regarding IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B. Allowing
manufacturers to test according to IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B further
harmonizes DOE’s test procedures with
current industry practice and reduces
manufacturer test burden (see section
III.F.2 for more details) while ensuring
that the test procedure reflects the
energy efficiency of the relevant motors
during a representative average use
cycle. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE
is referencing IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B as a permitted
alternative to the current test methods
IEEE 112–2004 Test Method B (which in
this final rule will be replaced with
IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B) and CSA
C390–10. In addition, as described in
section III.B.2.a, DOE is also
incorporating by reference IEC 60034–
1:2010 and IEC 60051–1:2016, which
specify the test conditions and
procedures for IEC 60034–2–1:2014.
Accordingly, reference to IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B is being added
to the following sections of the CFR:
For small electric motors, IEC 60034–
2–1 is referenced in 10 CFR 431.443
‘‘Materials incorporated by reference,’’
paragraph (c)(2). The specific references
to IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B
are in 10 CFR 431.444 ‘‘Test procedures
for the measurement of energy
efficiency,’’ paragraph (b)(4)(iii) and 10
CFR 431.447 ‘‘Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized
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C. Rated Output Power and Breakdown
Torque of Small Electric Motors
The current regulations for small
electric motors specify that the metric
for energy conservation standards,
average full-load efficiency, is to be
measured at ‘‘full rated load.’’ 10 CFR
431.442. The industry testing standards
referenced in the small electric motor
test procedure do not provide a method
to determine the rated load of the tested
unit but instead rely on manufacturerspecified output power, which is
typically listed on a motor’s nameplate,
to determine average full-load efficiency
at full rated load.21 The industry
standards do not define rated output
power; rather, the output power is a
manufacturer declaration.
As explained in the April 2019 NOPR,
the motors subject to the small electric
motors test procedures are capable of
operating over a continuous range of
loads. 84 FR 17004, 17014. For example,
a motor that is rated at 1 hp is also
capable of delivering 0.75 hp, but likely
with a different speed, torque, and
efficiency than those of when it is
delivering its rated load of 1 hp. The
output power of the motor depends on
the load and the design of the motor.
Therefore, the load point at which the
motor must be tested is not an intrinsic
parameter of the motor, but rather a
parameter that must be defined or
specified. The test’s load point is
relevant to efficiency testing because the
efficiency of small electric motors varies
according to load.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to define rated output power
using breakdown torque as specified in
NEMA MG 1–2016. 84 FR 17004,
17014–17016. In concept, breakdown
torque describes the maximum torque
the motor can develop without slowing
down and stalling. The maximum
torque over the entire speed range could
occur at a different condition (e.g., the
motor start-up, zero speed condition)
than the breakdown condition. As
explained in the April 2019 NOPR,
breakdown torque corresponds to a local
maximum torque (on a plot of torque
versus speed) that is nearest to the rated
torque. 84 FR 17004, 17014. The phrase
‘‘abrupt drop in speed’’ corresponds to
the expectation that the motor will slow
down or stall if the load increases and
indicates that minor reductions in speed
observed due to measurement
sensitivities are not considered.
The breakdown torque for a specific
horsepower rating is specified as a range
as a function of input frequency and
synchronous speed of the motor in two
tables: Table 10–5 of NEMA MG 1–2016,
which applies to induction motors,
except permanent-split capacitor
(‘‘PSC’’) and shaded-pole motors; and
Table 10–6 of NEMA MG 1–2016, which
applies to shaded-pole and PSC motors
for fan and pump applications. For
polyphase motors, section 12.37 of
NEMA MG 1–2016 specifies that the
breakdown torque of a general-purpose
polyphase squirrel-cage small motor
shall not be less than 140 percent of the
breakdown torque of a single-phase
general purpose motor of the same
horsepower and speed rating.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE initially
determined that NEMA MG 1–2016’s
Table 10–5 can apply to all small
electric motors subject to DOE’s
standards and that most manufacturers
already use the breakdown torque
method as a standard practice to
determine rated output power. 84 FR
17004, 17016. Accordingly, DOE
proposed to define ‘‘rated output
power’’ as ‘‘the mechanical output
power that corresponds to the small
electric motor’s breakdown torque as
specified in NEMA MG 1–2016 Table
10–5 for single-phase motors or 140
percent of the breakdown torque values
specified in NEMA MG 1–2016 Table
10–5 for polyphase motors.’’ 22 Id. DOE
also proposed defining ‘‘breakdown
torque’’ as ‘‘the maximum torque that
the motor will develop with rated
voltage and frequency applied without
an abrupt drop in speed, determined in
accordance with NEMA MG 1–2016.’’
Id. DOE requested comment on the
proposed definitions for ‘‘rated output
21 See e.g., CSA C747–09, Section 3, Definition of
‘‘full load’’; CSA C390–10, Section 3.1, Definition
of ‘‘rating’’; IEEE 112–2017, Section 3.3.2
(‘‘Specified temperature’’); and IEEE 114–2010,
Section 8.2 (‘‘Determination of efficiency’’).
22 For purposes of this definition, NEMA MG 1–
2016 Table 10–5 can be applied to all small electric
motors, regardless of whether elements of NEMA
MG 1–2016 Table 10–5 are identified as for small
or medium motors.
certification programs,’’ paragraphs
(b)(4) and (c)(4).
For electric motors, IEC 60034–2–1 is
referenced in 10 CFR 431.12
‘‘Definitions’’ (the definition for
‘‘accreditation’’); and 10 CFR 431.15
‘‘Materials incorporated by reference,’’
paragraph (c)(3). The specific references
to IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B
are in 10 CFR 431.19 ‘‘Department of
Energy recognition of accreditation
bodies,’’ paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); 10
CFR 431.20 ‘‘Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized
certification programs,’’ paragraphs
(b)(4) and (c)(4); and Appendix B to
Subpart B of Part 431 ‘‘Uniform test
method for measuring nominal full load
efficiency of electric motors,’’ Sections
2(2) and 3.
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power’’ and ‘‘breakdown torque.’’
Additionally, DOE requested comment
on how to determine when an ‘‘abrupt
drop in speed’’ (e.g., the local maximum
of the torque-speed plot closest to the
rated torque) has occurred when testing
the breakdown torque of a small electric
motor. Id.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
NEMA commented that there is no need
to define ‘‘breakdown torque’’ or
‘‘abrupt drop in speed’’ for the purposes
of testing electric motors. (NEMA, No.
84 at p. 3) Specifically, NEMA stated
that incorporating breakdown torque as
the method to define the rated output
power of the motor is unnecessary
because NEMA MG 1–2016, Part 1.40
already states the output rating of a
machine ‘‘shall’’ consist of the output
power. Instead, NEMA recommended
that the declared values of output power
be used as provided on the
manufacturer’s nameplate and that DOE
not require a declaration of breakdown
torque. (NEMA, No. 84 at pp. 3–4).
NEMA further stated that the ‘‘abrupt
drop in speed’’ corresponds to the
expectations that the motor will slow
down or stall if the torque applied to the
motor exceeds the local maximum value
of torque that is most closely located to
the rated torque of the motor (i.e., the
breakdown torque). Finally, NEMA
claimed that performing any additional
speed-torque tests for determining
‘‘abrupt drop in speed’’ would increase
manufacturer burden. (NEMA, No. 84 at
pp. 3–5) No other comments were
received in regard to this issue.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE did not
intend to suggest that it would require
manufacturers to test or report the value
of breakdown torque used to establish
the rated output power of a small
electric motor. Rather, the intent of
defining ‘‘breakdown torque,’’ through
reference to the industry standard
NEMA MG 1–2016, was to in turn
define ‘‘rated output power’’ for the
purpose of measuring average full-load
efficiency. As noted previously, NEMA
responded to the April 2019 NOPR by
explaining that NEMA MG 1–2016 Part
1.40 already states the output rating of
a machine shall consist of the output
power. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 3–4) As
indicated by its inclusion in NEMA MG
1–2016, the breakdown torque method
is commonly used by industry for
determining rated output power.
Defining rated output power based on
NEMA MG 1–2016 provides additional
detail that allows for the accurate
comparison of small electric motors.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE
defines ‘‘rated output power’’ as, the
mechanical output power that
corresponds to the small electric motor’s
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breakdown torque as specified in NEMA
MG 1–2016 Table 10–5 for single-phase
motors or 140 percent of the breakdown
torque values specified in NEMA MG 1–
2016 Table 10–5 for polyphase motors.
For purposes of this definition, NEMA
MG 1–2016 Table 10–5 can be applied
to all small electric motors, regardless of
whether elements of NEMA MG 1–2016
Table 10–5 are identified as for small or
medium motors.
DOE also is defining ‘‘breakdown
torque.’’ Consistent with the proposed
definition, DOE is defining ‘‘breakdown
torque,’’ in part, as ‘‘the maximum
torque that the motor will develop with
rated voltage and frequency applied
without an abrupt drop in speed.’’ As
previously noted, the phrase ‘‘abrupt
drop in speed’’ references the intrinsic
behavior of motors, in which a motor
will slow down or stall if the load
applied to the motor exceeds the
breakdown torque, and indicates that
minor reductions in speed observed due
to measurement sensitivities are not
considered. To provide additional
specification for determining
breakdown torque based on the physical
attributes of a small electric motor, DOE
is also including in the definition that
the breakdown torque of a motor is the
local maximum of the torque-speed plot
of the motor, closest to the synchronous
speed of the motor.23
Both the April 2019 NOPR and
NEMA’s comments explained that on a
torque-speed plot, the breakdown torque
is the local maximum torque in the
region of the plot characterized through
reference to the rated torque. The
relevant region of the plot can also be
characterized through reference to the
synchronous speed. The local maximum
of the torque-speed plot in the region
characterized by the rated torque is the
same value as the local maximum of the
torque-speed plot in the region
characterized by the synchronous speed.
DOE is providing additional detail to
define breakdown torque using the
synchronous speed, as it is a physical
attribute of the motor rather than rated
torque, which is a manufacturer
declared value.
For the reasons discussed in the
preceding paragraphs, DOE is defining
‘‘breakdown torque’’ as the maximum
torque that the motor will develop with
rated voltage and frequency applied
without an abrupt drop in speed. The
breakdown torque is the local maximum
of the torque-speed plot of the motor,
closest to the synchronous speed of the
23 The synchronous speed of a motor is calculated
as follows: 120 × f ÷ p where f is the frequency at
which the motor is operating and p is the number
of poles of the motor.
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motor, determined in accordance with
NEMA MG 1–2016.
D. Rated Values Specified for Testing
Small Electric Motors
DOE notes that the definition of
average full-load efficiency at 10 CFR
431.442 specifies that it is determined
when the motor operates at the rated
frequency, rated load, and rated voltage.
Additionally, industry standards refer to
these rated values, which are expected
to be known or provided (e.g., on the
nameplate). However, ‘‘rated
frequency,’’ ‘‘rated load,’’ and ‘‘rated
voltage’’ are not defined. To provide
additional specificity regarding these
terms, in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to define them to further
ensure the comparability of results
between motors, and to better ensure
reproducible testing for all equipment.
84 FR 17004, 17017–17018. In this final
rule, DOE is amending 10 CFR 431.442
to establish definitions for ‘‘rated
frequency,’’ ‘‘rated load,’’ and ‘‘rated
voltage,’’ as discussed in the following
sections.
1. Rated Frequency
The test procedures and energy
conservation standards established
under EPCA apply to those regulated
motors that are distributed in commerce
within the United States. Within the
United States, electricity is supplied at
60 hertz (‘‘Hz’’); in other regions of the
world, electricity is supplied at 50 Hz.
Small electric motors could be designed
to operate at frequencies in addition to
60 Hz (e.g., motors designed to operate
at either 60 or 50 Hz). Therefore, it
could be unclear at which frequency the
test should be performed. DOE proposed
to amend the small electric motor test
procedure at 10 CFR 431.442 by
defining the term ‘‘rated frequency’’ as
‘‘60 hertz.’’ See 84 FR 17004, 17017.
NEMA commented that explicitly
stating that rated frequency is 60 Hz
would be beneficial in the case of a
motor marked as 60/50 hertz. (NEMA,
No. 84 at p. 4) The CA IOUs supported
DOE’s proposal that all tests be
performed using a rated frequency of 60
Hz. (CA IOUs, No. 86 at p. 3) The
Efficiency Advocates supported DOE’s
proposal to specify that all small electric
motor tests be performed using a rated
frequency of 60 Hz to remove ambiguity
in the test procedure and to ensure that
the test procedure reflects the operating
frequency in the U.S. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 87 at p. 2) DOE did not
receive any comments opposing the
proposed definition.
DOE notes that 60 Hz as the tested
input frequency matches the frequency
experienced by the motor when
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installed in the field. In addition,
commenters also recommended DOE
require testing at a rated frequency of 60
Hz, as noted. Therefore, in this final
rule, DOE is amending 10 CFR 431.442
to establish a definition of ‘‘rated
frequency’’ as ‘‘60 hertz.’’
2. Rated Load
‘‘Rated load’’ 24 is a term used in
industry standards to specify a loading
point for motor testing (e.g., sections 5.6
and 6.1 in IEEE 112–2004, and section
8.2.1 in IEEE 114–2010). Typically, a
rated load represents a power output
expected from the motor (e.g., a
horsepower value on the nameplate).
The rated load will have a
corresponding rated speed and rated
torque. In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
proposed to amend 10 CFR 431.442 by
defining ‘‘rated load’’ as ‘‘the rated
output power of a small electric motor’’
(see section III.C for definition of rated
output power). 84 FR 17004, 17017.
DOE also proposed that the rated output
power (given on the motor nameplate)
be used for any reference to rated load,
full rated load, rated full-load, or fullload in an industry standard used for
testing small electric motors. Id
The Efficiency Advocates supported
DOE’s proposed definition for rated
load, commenting that this specification
will help ensure that test procedures are
applied consistently. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 87 at p. 2) The CA IOUs
supported the definition for ‘‘rated
load’’ for small electric motors based on
NEMA MG 1–2016. (CA IOUs, No. 86 at
p. 3) NEMA commented that qualifying
that the rated output power stamped on
the name plate of a small motor is
equivalent to rated load, full rated load,
rated full load or full-load in an
industry standard is beneficial and
eliminates questions regarding
interpretation. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 4)
Providing a definition for ‘‘rated load’’
further ensures the comparability of
results between motors, and better
ensures reproducible testing. In
addition, qualifying that the rated
output power is equivalent to rated
load, rated full-load, full rated load, or
full-load in an industry standard used
for testing small electric motors removes
any confusion on the interpretation of
terms. Commenters also supported
clarifying the term ‘‘rated load.’’
Accordingly, consistent with its
proposal, DOE is amending 10 CFR
431.442 to establish a definition of
‘‘rated load’’ as ‘‘the rated output power
of a small electric motor.’’
24 Also referred to as ‘‘rated full-load,’’ ‘‘full rated
load,’’ or ‘‘full-load’’ interchangeably.
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3. Rated Voltage
Industry testing standards use ‘‘rated
voltage’’ to specify the voltage supplied
to the motor under test (e.g., section 6.1
in IEEE 112–2004, section 6.1 in IEEE
112–2017, and section 3 in IEEE 114–
2010). The industry test procedures
incorporated into DOE’s regulations
permit manufacturers to select the input
voltage for testing. DOE proposed to
continue to permit small electric motors
to be tested at the nameplate voltage 25
value selected by the manufacturer and
to define ‘‘rated voltage’’ at 10 CFR
431.442 as ‘‘the input voltage of a small
electric motor selected by the motor’s
manufacturer to be used for testing the
motor’s efficiency.’’ 84 FR 17004,
17017–17018.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR,
the Efficiency Advocates commented
that small electric motors should be
tested at all nameplate voltages 26 and
were concerned that allowing the
manufacturer to select the voltage for
testing will result in inconsistent ratings
across products and will allow for
gaming of the test procedure because of
the fact that efficiency can vary with
input voltage. The Efficiency Advocates
suggested that DOE require that small
electric motors be tested at all
nameplate voltages and meet the
minimum efficiency standards at all
nameplate voltages. (Efficiency
Advocates, No. 87 at p. 3) The CA IOUs
opposed allowing motor manufacturers
to select the voltage to be used when
testing small electric motors, asserting
that this creates uncertainty for
consumers as to the motor’s energy
performance in the field. Instead, they
recommended a prescribed voltage in
the test procedure or that the motor be
tested at all voltages listed on the motor
nameplate, and that, if the motor is
tested at multiple voltages, an efficiency
level for each tested voltage should be
listed on the nameplate. (CA IOUs, No.
86 at p. 3–4)
In the March 2010 final rule, DOE
noted that the industry test procedures
incorporated into DOE’s regulations
permit manufacturers to select the input
voltage for testing. 75 FR 10874, 10892.
25 The April 2019 NOPR used the term
‘‘nameplate voltage’’ but DOE does not require that
a nameplate be affixed to small electric motors.
‘‘Nameplate voltage’’ was used generally to describe
representations made by a manufacturer either on
a nameplate affixed to the unit or in equipment
literature provided by the manufacturer.
26 As discussed previously, DOE does not require
that a nameplate be affixed to small electric motors.
DOE understands the commenter to be referring to
representations made by a manufacturer either on
a nameplate affixed to the unit or in equipment
literature provided by the manufacturer. It is in this
context that DOE uses the term ‘‘nameplate’’ in this
document.
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In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed
to maintain the practice of permitting
small electric motors to be tested at any
nameplate voltage value and to specify
this flexibility by defining the term
‘‘rated voltage’’ at 10 CFR 431.442 as
referring to the input voltage of a small
electric motor selected by the motor’s
manufacturer to be used for testing the
motor’s efficiency. 84 FR 17004, 17081.
DOE is adopting the proposed
definition of ‘‘rated voltage’’ with
additional clarification. In the April
2019 NOPR, DOE stated that the
proposed definition of ‘‘rated voltage’’
would allow small electric motors to be
tested at any nameplate voltage value.
Id. As noted, DOE does not require a
nameplate to be affixed to a small
electric motor. To properly describe the
voltages from which the voltage is
selected for testing, DOE is specifying
that the selected input voltage must be
one of the voltages used by the
manufacturer for making
representations of the small electric
motor performance (i.e., a represented
input voltage). Specifically, DOE is
defining ‘‘rated voltage’’ as ‘‘the input
voltage of a small electric motor used
when making representations of the
performance characteristics of a given
small electric motor and selected by the
motor’s manufacturer to be used for
testing the motor’s efficiency.’’ Based on
DOE’s experience in reviewing
manufacturer reports and literature, the
additional description reflects
manufacturer practice (i.e., small
electric motors are tested at one of the
voltages at which manufacturer
representations are made). The
additional language also avoids any
potential confusion as to the input
voltage required for testing.
DOE is not requiring a specific input
voltage for testing. As discussed in the
April 2019 NOPR, NEMA previously
indicated that the input voltage setting
can affect efficiency, noting that, if DOE
were to require motors to comply with
testing performed at the input voltage
that resulted in the lowest level of
efficiency, manufacturers would be
forced to redesign these motors, since at
least some motors would be out of
compliance at voltages not currently
selected for certification. 84 FR 17004,
17017–17018. In its prior comment,
NEMA explained that these redesign
efforts would result in larger motors to
accommodate the additional active
material required to create a compliant
motor and could result in the use of
larger frame sizes, which would create
utility problems for end users of the
motors. (NEMA, EERE–2014–BT–CE–
0019, No. 10 at p. 10) While the
selection of the input voltage for testing
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15
may affect the measured efficiency, DOE
does not have data to fully characterize
any such impact.
Moreover, EPCA requires that the test
procedures shall be reasonably designed
to produce test results which reflect
energy efficiency of small electric
motors during a representative average
use cycle and shall not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(1) and (2)) DOE does not have
data to indicate that a represented input
voltage selected by a manufacturer is
inappropriately representative of the
average use of that small electric motor
as compared to a different represented
input voltage. Commenters did not
provide data to indicate that the
represented values being selected by
manufacturers are not representative of
average use. Therefore, DOE is
maintaining the current test procedure
direction allowing manufacturers to
select the input voltage for testing.
E. Effective and Compliance Date
The effective date (i.e., the date the
final rule is legally operative after being
published in the Federal Register) for
the adopted test procedure amendments
will be 30 days after publication of this
final rule in the Federal Register. See 10
CFR part 430, subpart C, appendix A,
section 12(b) and 10 CFR 431.4
(applying 10 CFR part 430, subpart C,
appendix A to commercial/industrial
equipment). The compliance date (the
specific date when manufacturers are
required to use the amended test
procedures requirements to make
representations concerning the energy
efficiency or use of a small electric
motor and electric motor, including
certification that the covered equipment
meets an applicable energy conservation
standard) is 180 days after the date of
publication of this final rule in the
Federal Register. See id. at section
12(c).
EPCA prescribes that all
representations of energy efficiency and
energy use, including those made on
marketing materials and product labels,
must be made in accordance with an
amended test procedure, beginning 180
days after publication of the final rule
in the Federal Register. (42 U.S.C.
6314(d)(1)) EPCA also provides an
allowance for individual manufacturers
of consumer products to petition DOE
for an extension of the 180-day period
if the manufacturer may experience
undue hardship in meeting the
deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2)). To
receive such an extension, petitions
must be filed with DOE no later than 60
days before the end of the 180-day
period and must detail how the
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
manufacturer will experience undue
hardship. (Id.)
F. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
EPCA requires that test procedures
prescribed by DOE not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. 42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(2). DOE is amending (1) the
existing test procedure for small electric
motors by clarifying the existing scope
and testing instructions, updating the
reference to industry standard IEEE 112
to reference the 2017 version in place of
the 2014 version, and permitting the use
of IEC 60034–2–1:2014 as an additional
alternative test procedure; and (2) the
existing test procedure for electric
motors by permitting the use of IEC
60034–2–1:2014 as an additional
alternative and equivalent test
procedure. DOE has determined that the
test procedures as amended by this final
rule will not be unduly burdensome for
manufacturers to conduct and instead
will reduce test burden for
manufacturers.
This final rule will result in a net cost
savings to manufacturers, as
summarized in Table III–1 and Table
III–2.
TABLE III–1—SUMMARY OF COST IMPACTS FOR SMALL ELECTRIC MOTORS AND ELECTRIC MOTORS
Present value
(million 2016$)
Category
Cost Savings:
Reduction in Future Testing Costs for Small Electric Motors ................................................................
Reduction in Future Testing Costs for Electric Motors ..........................................................................
Discount rate
(percent)
0.2
0.1
3.7
1.4
3
7
3
7
(4.0)
(1.5)
3
7
Total Net Cost Impact:
Total Net Cost Impact ............................................................................................................................
TABLE III–2—SUMMARY OF ANNUALIZED COST IMPACTS FOR SMALL ELECTRIC MOTORS AND ELECTRIC MOTORS
Annualized value
(thousand 2016$)
Category
Annualized Cost Savings:
Reduction in Future Testing Costs for Small Electric Motors ................................................................
Reduction in Future Testing Costs for Electric Motors ..........................................................................
Discount rate
(percent)
7
6
112
100
3
7
3
7
(119)
(106)
3
7
Total Net Annualized Cost Impact:
Total Net Cost Impact ............................................................................................................................
Further discussion of the analyses of
the cost impact of the test procedure
amendments is presented in the
following paragraphs.
1. Cost Impacts for Small Electric
Motors
The clarifications of the existing
scope and test instructions will not
impose any new requirements on
manufacturers of regulated small
electric motors. Instead, this final rule
will provide manufacturers with greater
certainty in the conduct of the test
procedures, offer additional equivalent
testing options, and do not increase test
burden. Reference to IEEE 112–2017 in
place of IEEE 112–2004 will not
increase test burden or require new
testing. As discussed, results under the
2017 version of IEEE 112 are equivalent
to results from testing under the 2004
version. Manufacturers will be able to
rely on data generated under the current
test procedure. Additionally, the
incorporation of IEC 60034–2–1:2014 as
an additional alternative test procedure
further harmonizes DOE’s test
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procedures with current industry
practice and international standards.
Permitting manufacturers to test
according to IEC 60034–2–1:2014
enables manufacturers who use IEC
60034–2–1:2014 for business purposes
(for international markets), or to comply
with regulatory requirements in other
countries, to reduce the number of tests
that they must perform by removing the
need to conduct a test according to the
CSA or IEEE methods 27 currently
referenced in DOE’s test procedure for
small electric motors. As described in
section III.B.2, NEMA and UL petitioned
that certain portions of IEC test
procedure 60034–2–1:2014 be adopted
as a permitted alternative test method
for small electric motors and electric
motors. UL further noted in its petition
the increasing use of the IEC test
procedure 60034–2–1:2014 by the
industry worldwide.
27 CSA 747–09, CSA 390–10, IEEE 112–2017 (per
the amended reference under this final rule), or
IEEE 114–2010 depending on the category of small
electric motor.
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Recognizing that some, but not all,
manufacturers already test their motors
using IEC 60034–2–1:2014, DOE (as
explained later in this section) assumed
that 10 percent 28 of small electric motor
models sold in the U.S. that are tested
with either the CSA or IEEE methods
referenced in the Federal test procedure
are also tested with the IEC 60034–2–1
method.
To calculate the testing cost reduction
associated with allowing the IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 method for testing small
electric motors, DOE estimated the
number of motor models that would not
have to be tested to both the amended
DOE test procedure and the IEC test
28 NEMA and UL did not provide quantitative
information regarding the number of small electric
motors that are tested with either the CSA method
or the IEEE method, and the IEC method, although
NEMA commented that this is an increasing trend.
Based on a review of the market, only a small
fraction of motors are designed for operation on 50
Hz and 60 Hz power (indicating they are suitable
for sale in both the U.S. and foreign markets), or use
NEMA and IEC units of measure (hp vs. kW) and
other designators. As noted, the U.S. electrical grid
is operated at 60 Hz, while many other countries
and regions (e.g., Europe) operate at 50 Hz.
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method when brought to market. First,
DOE reviewed the product catalogs of
four major small electric motor
manufacturers published over a sevenyear period.29 DOE compared the
current product offerings to the
historical catalogs to identify the total
number of new models listed over that
period of time.30 DOE then annualized
that total number of new models.31
Next, DOE scaled up that annualized
value based on the estimated market
share of the manufacturers whose
catalogs were reviewed. This scaled-up
annualized value estimated the total
number of new models listed for sale
each year for the entire U.S. market.32
Then, DOE estimated that 10 percent of
new models would be tested each
year.33 DOE made this estimate based on
(1) knowledge that many motor models
are grouped under a single basic model
classification (and therefore each
individual model would not need to be
tested), (2) observations that only a
fraction of electric motor basic models
are tested (the remainder have efficiency
determined through an alternative
efficiency determination method
[‘‘AEDM’’]), and (3) recognition that
many motor models may have been
relabeled or rebranded but not
redesigned (and therefore no new
testing is needed). Finally, DOE
assumed that 10 percent of small
electric motor models sold in the U.S.
that are tested with either the CSA or
IEEE methods referenced in the Federal
test procedure are also tested with the
IEC 60034–2–1 method. Based on these
calculations, DOE determined that
approximately 1 new small electric
motor basic model per year (i.e., 10
percent of 13) that already would be
tested with the IEC 60034–2–1 method
would no longer have to conduct an
additional test to comply with DOE’s
amended test procedure when
introduced into the U.S market and
therefore would realize costs savings
29 The seven-year period for which DOE reviewed
product catalogs was from 2009 to 2016. DOE
expects this approach will also be representative of
the market from 2016 to the present. DOE did not
receive comment on this approach following the
publication of the April 2019 NOPR.
30 DOE identified 598 small electric motor models
introduced into the U.S. market by these four
manufacturers during the period 2009–2016.
31 Based on this count, DOE estimates that these
four small electric motor manufacturers collectively
introduced approximately 85 small electric motor
models into the U.S. market each year.
32 This scaled-up calculation yielded a value of
128 small electric motor models introduced each
year for the entire U.S. market, as DOE assumed
these four small electric motor manufacturers
represented approximately 67 percent of the entire
U.S. market.
33 DOE estimates that approximately 13 new
small electric motor models are tested each year.
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due to the test procedure
amendments.34
DOE estimated the cost of testing a
single small electric motor unit to be
$2,000 at a third-party facility and
approximately $500 at an in-house
facility.35 DOE requires at least five
units to be tested per basic model. 10
CFR 431.445(c)(2) To estimate in-house
testing costs, DOE assumed testing a
single motor unit requires
approximately nine hours of a
mechanical engineer technician time
and three hours from a mechanical
engineer. The mean hourly wage for a
mechanical engineer technician is
$28.00 and the total hourly
compensation paid by the employer
(including all fringe benefits) is
$36.25.36 The mean hourly wage for a
mechanical engineer is $44.62 and the
total hourly compensation paid by the
employer (including all fringe benefits)
is $57.76.37 In addition, DOE assumed
that 50 percent of tests are conducted at
third-party facilities and 50 percent of
tests are conducted at in-house
facilities. Based on these estimates, DOE
anticipates annual cost savings of
approximately $8,000 for the small
electric motors industry.
2. Cost Impacts for Electric Motors
Regarding electric motors, DOE is not
amending the scope of applicability of
the test procedure at Appendix B.
Consistent with the small electric
motors analysis, the incorporation of
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 in this test
procedure provides manufacturers
additional flexibility by permitting an
alternative and equivalent test
procedure for measuring energy loss and
would further harmonize DOE’s test
procedures with current industry
practice and international standards.
34 This yields an estimate of 1.28, since DOE
estimates 10 percent of the 12.8 new small electric
motor models introduced each year are already
tested with the IEC 60034–2–1 method.
35 Estimate based on standard rates charged by
third party laboratories.
36 See Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational
Employment and Wages, 17–3027 Mechanical
Engineer Technician, May 2018. https://
www.bls.gov/oes/2018/may/oes173027.htm. Last
accessed February 20, 2020. United States Census
Bureau, Annual Survey of Manufacturers, 2016 for
NAICS Code 335312 ‘‘Motor and Generator
Manufacturing’’. https://www.census.gov/data/
tables/2016/econ/asm/2016-asm.html. Last
accessed February 20, 2020.
37 See Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational
Employment and Wages, 17–2141 Mechanical
Engineer, May 2018. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2018/
may/oes172141.htm. Last accessed February 20,
2020.
United States Census Bureau, Annual Survey of
Manufacturers, 2016 for NAICS Code 335312
‘‘Motor and Generator Manufacturing’’. https://
www.census.gov/data/tables/2016/econ/asm/2016asm.html. Last accessed February 20, 2020.
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17
DOE expects that, for those
manufacturers who are already using
IEC 60034–2–1:2014, this change will
reduce the number of tests that
manufacturers perform by avoiding the
need to conduct a test according to the
CSA or IEEE methods 38 currently
referenced in DOE’s test procedure.
To calculate the testing cost reduction
associated with allowing the IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 method for testing electric
motors, DOE employed a similar
methodology to the small electric
motors analysis and estimated the
number of electric motor models that
would not have to test to both the
amended DOE test procedure and the
IEC test method when brought to
market. First, DOE reviewed the product
catalogs of four major electric motor
manufacturers published over a six-year
period.39 DOE compared the current
product offerings to the historical
catalogs to identify the total number of
new models listed over that period of
time.40 DOE then annualized that total
number of new models.41
Next, DOE scaled up that annualized
value based on the estimated market
share of the manufacturers whose
catalogs were reviewed. This scaled-up
annualized value estimated the total
number of new models listed for sale
each year for the entire U.S. market.42
Then, DOE estimated that only 10
percent of new models would be tested
each year.43 DOE made this estimate
based on (1) knowledge that many
motor models are grouped under a
single basic model classification (and
therefore each individual model would
not need to be tested), (2) observations
that only a fraction of electric motor
basic models are tested (the remainder
have efficiency determined through an
AEDM), and (3) recognition that many
motor models that may have been
relabeled or rebranded but not
redesigned (and therefore no new
38 CSA 390–10 or IEEE 112–2017 (per the
amended reference under this final rule) depending
on the category of electric motor.
39 The six-year period for which DOE reviewed
product catalogs was from 2010 to 2016. DOE
expects this approach will also be representative of
the market from 2016 to the present. DOE did not
receive comment on this approach following the
publication of the April 2019 NOPR.
40 DOE identified 8,110 electric motor models
introduced into the U.S. market by these four
manufacturers during the period 2010–2016.
41 Based on this count, DOE estimates that these
four electric motor manufacturers collectively
introduced approximately 1,352 electric motor
models into the U.S. market each year.
42 This scaled-up calculation yielded a value of
2,028 electric motor models introduced each year
for the entire U.S. market, as DOE assumed these
four electric motor manufacturers represented
approximately 67 percent of the entire U.S. market.
43 DOE estimates that approximately 203 new
electric motor models are tested each year.
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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 1 / Monday, January 4, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
testing is needed). Similar to what was
done for small electric motors, DOE
assumed that 10 percent of electric
motor models sold in the U.S. that are
tested with either the CSA or IEEE
methods referenced in the Federal test
procedure are also tested with the IEC
60034–2–1 method. Based on these
calculations, DOE determined that
approximately 20 new electric motor
basic models per year (i.e., 10 percent of
203) that already would be tested with
the IEC 60034–2–1 method would no
longer have to conduct an additional
test to comply with DOE’s amended test
procedure when introduced into the U.S
market and therefore would realize costs
savings due to the test procedure
amendments.44
DOE estimated the cost of testing a
single electric motor unit to be $2,000
at a third-party facility and
approximately $500 at an in-house
facility. DOE requires at least five units
to be tested per basic model. 10 CFR
431.17(b)(2) In addition, based on DOE’s
understanding that this equipment is
tested both in-house and at third-party
testing labs, DOE assumed an even split
in testing between the two venues.
Based on these estimates, DOE
anticipates annual industry cost savings
of approximately $127,000 for electric
motors that are currently subject to the
standards at 10 CFR 431.25.
3. Additional Amendments
The remainder of the amendments
adopted in this final rule will not
impact test costs. The other
amendments adopted in this final rule
include new definitions for ‘‘rated
load,’’ ‘‘rated output power,’’
‘‘breakdown torque,’’ ‘‘rated frequency,’’
and ‘‘rated voltage’’. The addition of
these definitions will improve test
procedure repeatability. Furthermore,
the definitions reflect current industry
practice, and therefore do not impose
any new requirements on manufacturers
of regulated small electric motors and
electric motors.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory
Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget
(‘‘OMB’’) has determined that this test
procedure rulemaking does not
constitute a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ under section 3(f) of Executive
Order (‘‘E.O.’’) 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct.
4, 1993). Accordingly, this action was
44 This yields an estimate of 20.28, since DOE
estimates 10 percent of the 202.8 new electric motor
models introduced each year are already tested with
the IEC 60034–2–1 method.
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not subject to review under the
Executive Order by the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs
(‘‘OIRA’’) in OMB.
B. Review Under Executive Orders
13771 and 13777
On January 30, 2017, the President
issued E.O. 13771, ‘‘Reducing
Regulation and Controlling Regulatory
Costs.’’ See 82 FR 9339 (Feb. 3, 2017).
E.O. 13771 stated the policy of the
executive branch is to be prudent and
financially responsible in the
expenditure of funds, from both public
and private sources. E.O. 13771 stated it
is essential to manage the costs
associated with the governmental
imposition of private expenditures
required to comply with Federal
regulations.
Additionally, on February 24, 2017,
the President issued E.O. 13777,
‘‘Enforcing the Regulatory Reform
Agenda.’’ 82 FR 12285 (March 1, 2017).
E.O. 13777 required the head of each
agency designate an agency official as
its Regulatory Reform Officer (‘‘RRO’’).
Each RRO oversees the implementation
of regulatory reform initiatives and
policies to ensure that agencies
effectively carry out regulatory reforms,
consistent with applicable law. Further,
E.O. 13777 requires the establishment of
a regulatory task force at each agency.
The regulatory task force is required to
make recommendations to the agency
head regarding the repeal, replacement,
or modification of existing regulations,
consistent with applicable law. At a
minimum, each regulatory reform task
force must attempt to identify
regulations that:
(1) Eliminate jobs, or inhibit job
creation;
(2) Are outdated, unnecessary, or
ineffective;
(3) Impose costs that exceed benefits;
(4) Create a serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with regulatory
reform initiatives and policies;
(5) Are inconsistent with the
requirements of the Information Quality
Act, or the guidance issued pursuant to
that Act, in particular those regulations
that rely in whole or in part on data,
information, or methods that are not
publicly available or that are
insufficiently transparent to meet the
standard for reproducibility; or
(6) Derive from or implement
Executive Orders or other Presidential
directives that have been subsequently
rescinded or substantially modified.
DOE concludes that this rulemaking is
consistent with the directives set forth
in these executive orders. This final rule
is estimated to result in a cost savings.
The final rule yields annualized cost
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savings of approximately $106,000
using a perpetual time horizon
discounted to 2016 at a 7 percent
discount rate. Therefore, this final rule
is an E.O. 13771 deregulatory action.
C. Review Under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires preparation
of a final regulatory flexibility analysis
(‘‘FRFA’’) for any final rule where the
agency was first required by law to
publish a rule for public comment,
unless the agency certifies that the rule,
if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As
required by E.O. 13272, ‘‘Proper
Consideration of Small Entities in
Agency Rulemaking,’’ 67 FR 53461
(Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published
procedures and policies on February 19,
2003 to ensure that the potential
impacts of its rules on small entities are
properly considered during the DOE
rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE
has made its procedures and policies
available on the Office of the General
Counsel’s website: https://energy.gov/gc/
office-general-counsel.
These amendments would neither
expand the scope of test procedure
applicability to small electric motors
beyond those currently subject to test
procedures, nor would it place
additional requirements on those small
electric motors currently subject to
DOE’s test procedures. Furthermore,
this proposal would not place any
additional requirements on those
electric motors that are already subject
to DOE’s test procedures, nor would it
require manufacturers to retest existing
electric motors. Accordingly,
manufacturers would not be required
under this rule to retest any existing
small electric motors or electric motors
already subject to DOE’s test
procedures.
These amendments would also not
increase testing costs nor would it
impose any additional testing burden on
any manufacturers, including all small
businesses. Therefore, DOE concludes
that the cost effects accruing from this
rule would not have a ‘‘significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities,’’ and that the
preparation of a FRFA is not warranted.
DOE has submitted a certification and
supporting statement of factual basis to
the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the
Small Business Administration for
review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
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D. Review Under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of electric motors must
certify to DOE that their equipment
comply with any applicable energy
conservation standards. To certify
compliance, manufacturers must first
obtain test data for their equipment
according to the DOE test procedures,
including any amendments adopted for
those test procedures. DOE has
established regulations for the
certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer
products and industrial equipment,
including electric motors. (See generally
10 CFR part 431.) The collection-ofinformation requirement for the
certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB
under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(‘‘PRA’’). This requirement has been
approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910–1400. Public reporting
burden for the certification is estimated
to average 35 hours per response,
including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision
of the law, no person is required to
respond to, nor shall any person be
subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with, a collection of information subject
to the requirements of the PRA, unless
that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB Control Number.
E. Review Under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Pursuant to the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969
(‘‘NEPA’’), DOE has analyzed this action
in accordance with NEPA and DOE’s
NEPA implementing regulations (10
CFR part 1021). DOE has determined
that this rule qualifies for categorical
exclusion (‘‘CX’’) under 10 CFR part
1021, subpart D, Appendix A5 because
it is an interpretive rulemaking that
does not change the environmental
effect of the rule and meets the
requirements for application of a CX.
See 10 CFR 1021.410. Therefore, DOE
has determined that promulgation of
this rule is not a major Federal action
significantly affecting the quality of the
human environment within the meaning
of NEPA, and does not require an
environmental assessment or
environmental impact statement.
F. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ‘‘Federalism,’’
64 FR 43255 (Aug. 10, 1999), imposes
certain requirements on agencies
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formulating and implementing policies
or regulations that preempt State law or
that have Federalism implications. The
Executive Order requires agencies to
examine the constitutional and statutory
authority supporting any action that
would limit the policymaking discretion
of the States and to carefully assess the
necessity for such actions. The
Executive Order also requires agencies
to have an accountable process to
ensure meaningful and timely input by
State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that
have Federalism implications. On
March 14, 2000, DOE published a
statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process
it will follow in the development of
such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE
examined this final rule and determined
that it will not have a substantial direct
effect on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and
the States, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA
governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to
energy conservation for the products
that are the subject of this final rule.
States can petition DOE for exemption
from such preemption to the extent, and
based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42
U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is
required by E.O. 13132.
G. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing
regulations and the promulgation of
new regulations, section 3(a) of E.O.
12988, ‘‘Civil Justice Reform,’’ 61 FR
4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to
the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity;
(2) write regulations to minimize
litigation; (3) provide a clear legal
standard for affected conduct rather
than a general standard; and (4) promote
simplification and burden reduction.
Section 3(b) of E.O. 12988 specifically
requires that Executive agencies make
every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly
specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear
legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and
burden reduction; (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately
defines key terms; and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any
guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of E.O. 12988
requires Executive agencies to review
regulations in light of applicable
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19
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to
determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of
them. DOE has completed the required
review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, this final rule
meets the relevant standards of E.O.
12988.
H. Review Under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates
Reform Act of 1995 (‘‘UMRA’’) requires
each Federal agency to assess the effects
of Federal regulatory actions on State,
local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104–4, sec.
201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531). For a
regulatory action resulting in a rule that
may cause the expenditure by State,
local, and Tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or by the private sector of
$100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section
202 of UMRA requires a Federal agency
to publish a written statement that
estimates the resulting costs, benefits,
and other effects on the national
economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The
UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit
timely input by elected officers of State,
local, and Tribal governments on a
‘‘significant intergovernmental
mandate,’’ and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for
timely input to potentially affected
small governments before establishing
any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. On March 18, 1997, DOE
published a statement of policy on its
process for intergovernmental
consultation under UMRA. 62 FR
12820; also available at https://
energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
DOE examined this final rule according
to UMRA and its statement of policy
and determined that the rule contains
neither an intergovernmental mandate,
nor a mandate that may result in the
expenditure of $100 million or more in
any year, so these requirements do not
apply.
I. Review Under the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105–277) requires
Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule
that may affect family well-being. This
final rule will not have any impact on
the autonomy or integrity of the family
as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to
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prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
J. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under E.O.
12630, ‘‘Governmental Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights’’ 53 FR 8859
(March 18, 1988), that this regulation
will not result in any takings that might
require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
K. Review Under Treasury and General
Government Appropriations Act, 2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and
General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides
for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the
public under guidelines established by
each agency pursuant to general
guidelines issued by OMB. OMB’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE’s
guidelines were published at 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has reviewed
this final rule under the OMB and DOE
guidelines and has concluded that it is
consistent with applicable policies in
those guidelines.
L. Review Under Executive Order 13211
E.O. 13211, ‘‘Actions Concerning
Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,’’ 66
FR 28355 (May 22, 2001), requires
Federal agencies to prepare and submit
to OMB, a Statement of Energy Effects
for any significant energy action. A
‘‘significant energy action’’ is defined as
any action by an agency that
promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1)
is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor
order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is
designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. For
any significant energy action, the agency
must give a detailed statement of any
adverse effects on energy supply,
distribution, or use if the regulation is
implemented, and of reasonable
alternatives to the action and their
expected benefits on energy supply,
distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a
significant regulatory action under E.O.
12866. Moreover, it would not have a
significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it
been designated as a significant energy
action by the Administrator of OIRA.
Therefore, it is not a significant energy
action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
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M. Review Under Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department
of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95–
91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply
with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974, as amended
by the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C.
788; ‘‘FEAA’’) Section 32 essentially
provides in relevant part that, where a
rule authorizes or requires use of
commercial standards, the notice of
rulemaking must inform the public of
the use and background of such
standards. In addition, section 32(c)
requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Trade Commission (‘‘FTC’’)
concerning the impact of the
commercial or industry standards on
competition.
The modifications to the test
procedure for small electric motors and
electric motors adopted in this final rule
incorporate certain testing methods
contained of the following commercial
standards: ‘‘IEC 60034–2–1:2014,
Rotating electrical machines—Part 2–1:
Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction
vehicles);’’ IEC 60034–1:2010, ‘‘Rotating
electric machines—Part 1: Rating and
performance;’’ IEC 60051–1:2016,
‘‘Direct acting indicating analogue
electrical measuring instruments and
their accessories—Part 1: Definitions
and general requirements common to all
parts;’’ ‘‘IEEE 112–2017, IEEE Standard
Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators;’’ and NEMA MG
1–2016 Motors and Generators. DOE has
evaluated these standards and is unable
to conclude whether they fully comply
with the requirements of section 32(b) of
the FEAA (i.e., whether they were
developed in a manner that fully
provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE has
consulted with both the Attorney
General and the Chairman of the FTC
about the impact on competition of
using the methods contained in these
standards and has received no
comments objecting to their use.
N. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will
report to Congress on the promulgation
of this rule before its effective date. The
report will state that it has been
determined that the rule is not a ‘‘major
rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
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O. Description of Materials Incorporated
by Reference
In this final rule, DOE incorporates by
reference standards published by IEC,
IEEE and NEMA. The IEC standard,
titled ‘‘IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Rotating
electrical machines—Part 2–1: Standard
methods for determining losses and
efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles),’’ is an
alternative industry standard to those
currently incorporated by reference
(IEEE 112–2004, IEEE 114–2010, CSA
C747–09, and CSA C390–10) for
measurement of small electric motor
efficiency and electric motor efficiency
(See section III.B for more details).
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 establishes
methods of determining efficiencies
from tests and to specify methods of
obtaining specific losses. In addition,
DOE incorporates by reference two
additional IEC standards, titled ‘‘IEC
60034–1:2010, Rotating electrical
machines—Part 1: Rating and
performance’’ and ‘‘IEC 60051–1:2016,
Direct acting indicating analogue
measuring instruments and their
accessories—Part 1: Definitions and
general requirements common to all
parts.’’ IEC 60034–1:2010 and IEC
60051–1:2016 specify test conditions
and procedures that are required for
application of the test methods for
measurement of energy efficiency
established in IEC 60034–2–1:2014.
The IEEE standard, titled ‘‘IEEE 112–
2017, Test Procedure for Polyphase
Induction Motors and Generators’’
establishes methods of measurement for
current and frequency for both small
electric motors and electric motors. DOE
incorporates IEEE 112–2017 Test
Method A and Test Method B as an
update to the industry test methods that
are currently incorporated by reference
from IEEE 112–2004 (See section III.B
for more details). Such action will
harmonize the permitted test methods
under subparts X (for small electric
motors) and B (for electric motors) of 10
CFR part 431 and align measurement
and instrumentation requirements with
industry practice.
The NEMA standard, titled ‘‘NEMA
MG 1–2016 Motors and Generators’’
establishes industry definitions for
breakdown torque of small electric
motors (See section III.C for more
details).
In summary, DOE incorporates by
reference the following standards:
(1) IEC 60034–2–1:2014, ‘‘Rotating
electrical machines—Part 2–1: Standard
methods for determining losses and
efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)’’.
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(2) IEC 60034–1:2010, ‘‘Rotating
electric machines—Part 1: Rating and
performance’’.
(3) IEC 60051–1:2016, ‘‘Direct acting
indicating analogue electrical measuring
instruments and their accessories—Part
1: Definitions and general requirements
common to all parts’’.
(4) IEEE 112–2017, ‘‘IEEE Standard
Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators’’.
(5) NEMA MG 1–2016, ‘‘Motors and
Generators’’.
Copies of these standards can be
obtained from the organizations directly
at the following addresses:
• IEC, 3 rue de Varembe´, 1st Floor,
P.O. Box 131, CH—1211 Geneva 20—
Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or by
visiting https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
• IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box
1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855–1331, (732)
981–0060, or by visiting https://
www.ieee.org.
• NEMA, 1300 North 17th Street,
Suite 900, Arlington, Virginia 22209, +1
703 841 3200, or by visiting https://
www.nema.org.
IV. Approval of the Office of the
Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved
publication of this final rule.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and
procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test
procedures, Incorporation by reference,
and Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of
Energy was signed on December 11,
2020, by Daniel R Simmons, Assistant
Secretary for Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, pursuant to
delegated authority from the Secretary
of Energy. That document with the
original signature and date is
maintained by DOE. For administrative
purposes only, and in compliance with
requirements of the Office of the Federal
Register, the undersigned DOE Federal
Register Liaison Officer has been
authorized to sign and submit the
document in electronic format for
publication, as an official document of
the Department of Energy. This
administrative process in no way alters
the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
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Signed in Washington, DC, on December
11, 2020.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S.
Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, DOE is amending part 431 of
Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations as set forth as follows:
PART 431—ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 431
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6317; 28 U.S.C.
2461 note.
2. Section 431.12 is amended by
revising the definition of
‘‘Accreditation’’ to read as follows:
■
§ 431.12
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Accreditation means recognition by
an accreditation body that a laboratory
is competent to test the efficiency of
electric motors according to the scope
and procedures given in IEEE 112–2017
Test Method B, CSA C390–10, or IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B
(incorporated by reference, see
§ 431.15).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Section 431.15 is amended by:
■ a. Throughout this section, removing
the words ‘‘subpart B of part 431’’ and
adding, in their place, ‘‘this subpart’’
■ b. Revising paragraph (a);
■ c. Redesignating paragraph (c)(4) as
paragraph (c)(7) and paragraphs (c)(2)
and (3) as paragraphs (c)(4) and (5),
respectively;
■ d. Adding new paragraphs (c)(2), (3),
and (6); and
■ e. Revising paragraph (d)(1).
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
§ 431.15 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(a) General. Certain material is
incorporated by reference into this
subpart with the approval of the
Director of the Federal Register under 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To
enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Department
of Energy must publish a document in
the Federal Register and the material
must be available to the public.
Standards can be obtained from the
sources below. All approved material is
available for inspection at U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth
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21
Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586–2945,
or go to https://www1.eere.energy.gov/
buildings/appliance_standards/. It is
also available at the National Archives
and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, email:
fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to:
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/
ibr-locations.html.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(2) IEC 60034–1, Edition 12.0 2010–
02, (‘‘IEC 60034–1:2010’’), Rotating
Electrical Machines—Part 1: Rating and
Performance, IBR approved for
appendix B to this subpart.
(3) IEC 60034–2–1:2014, Edition 2.0
2014–06, (‘‘IEC 60034–2–1:2014’’),
Rotating electrical machines—Part 2–1:
Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction
vehicles), IBR approved for §§ 431.12;
431.19; 431.20; appendix B to this
subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
(6) IEC 60051–1:2016, Edition 6.0
2016–02, (‘‘IEC 60051–1:2016’’), Direct
acting indicating analogue electrical
measuring instruments and their
accessories—Part 1: Definitions and
general requirements common to all
parts, IBR approved for appendix B to
this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
(d) * * *
(1) IEEE 112TM–2017 (‘‘IEEE 112–
2017’’), IEEE Standard Test Procedure
for Polyphase Induction Motors and
Generators, approved December 6, 2017,
IBR approved for §§ 431.12; 431.19;
431.20; appendix B to this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 4. Section 431.19 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4) to
read as follows:
§ 431.19 Department of Energy recognition
of accreditation bodies.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content
and application of the test procedures
and methodologies in IEEE 112–2017
Test Method B, CSA C390–10, or IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B,
(incorporated by reference, see
§ 431.15).
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in electric motor test
procedures. The petition should set
forth the organization’s experience with
the test procedures and methodologies
in IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B, CSA
C390–10, or IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B, (incorporated by
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reference, see § 431.15). This part of the
petition should include items such as,
but not limited to, a description of prior
projects and qualifications of staff
members. Of particular relevance would
be documentary evidence that
establishes experience in applying the
guidelines contained in the ISO/IEC
Guide 25, General Requirements for the
Competence of Calibration and Testing
Laboratories, (referenced for guidance
only, see § 431.14) to energy efficiency
testing for electric motors.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 5. Section 431.20 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4) to
read as follows:
§ 431.20 Department of Energy recognition
of nationally recognized certification
programs.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content
and application of the test procedures
and methodologies in IEEE 112–2017
Test Method B, CSA C390–10, or IEC
60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B,
(incorporated by reference, see
§ 431.15). It must have satisfactory
criteria and procedures for the selection
and sampling of electric motors tested
for energy efficiency.
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in electric motor test
procedures. The petition should set
forth the program’s experience with the
test procedures and methodologies in
IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B, CSA
C390–10, or IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B, (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.15). This part of the
petition should include items such as,
but not limited to, a description of prior
projects and qualifications of staff
members. Of particular relevance would
be documentary evidence that
establishes experience in applying
guidelines contained in the ISO/IEC
Guide 25, General Requirements for the
Competence of Calibration and Testing
Laboratories (referenced for guidance
only, see 431.14) to energy efficiency
testing for electric motors.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 6. Appendix B to subpart B of part 431
is amended by:
■ a. Removing the introductory note;
■ b. Adding Section 0;
■ c. Revising Section 2;
■ d. Removing Section 3;
■ e. Redesignating Sections 4, 4.1,4.2,
4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8 as Sections
3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8
respectively;
■ f. Revising newly redesignated
Section 3; and
■ g. In newly redesignated Section 3.8,
remove ‘‘IEEE 112 (Test Method B)’’ at
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each occurrence and add in its place,
‘‘IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B.’’
The additions and revisions read as
follows:
Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 431—
Uniform Test Method for Measuring
Nominal Full Load Efficiency of
Electric Motors
0. Incorporation by Reference
(a) In § 431.15, DOE incorporated by
reference the entire standard for CSA C390–
10, IEC 60034–1:2010, IEC 60034–2–1:2014,
IEC 60051–1:2016, and IEEE 112–2017;
however, only enumerated provisions of
those documents are applicable as follows:
(i) CSA C390–10:
(1) Section 1.3 ‘‘Scope,’’ as specified in
section 2(1) of this appendix;
(2) Section 3.1 ‘‘Definitions,’’ as specified
in section 2(1) of this appendix;
(3) Section 5 ‘‘General test requirements—
Measurements,’’ as specified in section 2(1)
of this appendix;
(4) Section 7 ‘‘Test method,’’ as specified
in section 2(1) of this appendix;
(5) Table 1 ‘‘Resistance measurement time
delay,’’ as specified in section 2(1) of this
appendix;
(6) Annex B ‘‘Linear regression analysis,’’
as specified in section 2(1) of this appendix;
and
(7) Annex C ‘‘Procedure for correction of
dynamometer torque readings’’ as specified
in section 2(1) of this appendix.
(ii) IEC 60034–1:2010:
(1) Section 7.2 as specified in section 2(2)
of this appendix;
(2) Section 8.6.2.3.3 as specified in section
2(2) of this appendix; and
(3) Table 5 as specified in section 2(2) of
this appendix.
(iii) IEC 60034–2–1:2014:
(1) Method 2–1–1B as specified in section
2(2) and section 3, of this appendix;
(2) Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’ as
specified in section 2(2) of this appendix;
(3) Section 4 ‘‘Symbols and abbreviations’’
as specified in section 2(2) of this appendix;
(4) Section 5 ‘‘Basic requirements’’ as
specified in section 2(2) of this appendix;
and
(5) Section 6.1.3 ‘‘Method 2–1–1B—
Summation of losses, additional load losses
according to the method of residual losses’’
as specified in section 2(2) of this appendix.
(iv) IEEE 112–2017:
(1) Test Method B, Input-Output With Loss
Segregation as specified in section 2(3),
section 3, and section 3.8 of this appendix;
(2) Section 3 ‘‘General’’ as specified in
section 2(3) of this appendix;
(3) Section 4 ‘‘Measurements’’ as specified
in section 2(3) of this appendix;
(4) Section 5 ‘‘Machine losses and tests for
losses’’ as specified in section 2(3) of this
appendix;
(5) Section 6.1 ‘‘General’’ as specified in
section 2(3) of this appendix;
(6) Section 6.4 ‘‘Efficiency test method B—
Input-output with loss segregation’’ as
specified in section 2(3) of this appendix;
and
(7) Section 9.4 ‘‘Form B—Method B’’, and
Section 9.5 ‘‘Form B2—Method B
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calculations’’ as specified in section 2(3) of
this appendix.
(b) In § 431.15, DOE incorporated by
reference the following enumerated
provisions of NEMA MG 1–2009:
(i) Paragraph 12.58.1, ‘‘Determination of
Motor Efficiency and Losses’’ as specified in
the introductory paragraph to section 2 of
this appendix, and
(ii) [Reserved]
(c) In cases where there is a conflict, the
language of this appendix takes precedence
over those documents. Any subsequent
amendment to a referenced document by the
standard-setting organization will not affect
the test procedure in this appendix, unless
and until the test procedure is amended by
DOE. Material is incorporated as it exists on
the date of the approval, and a notice of any
change in the material will be published in
the Federal Register.
*
*
*
*
*
2. Test Procedures
Efficiency and losses must be determined
in accordance with NEMA MG 1–2009
(incorporated by reference, see § 431.15),
paragraph 12.58.1, ‘‘Determination of Motor
Efficiency and Losses,’’ and one of the
following testing methods:
(1) CSA C390–10 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.15), Section 1.3 ‘‘Scope’’,
Section 3.1 ‘‘Definitions’’, Section 5 ‘‘General
test requirements—Measurements’’, Section 7
‘‘Test method’’, Table 1 ‘‘Resistance
measurement time delay’’, Annex B ‘‘Linear
regression analysis’’ and Annex C ‘‘Procedure
for correction of dynamometer torque
readings.’’
(2) IEC 60034–2–1:2014 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.15), Method 2–1–1B,
Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’, Section 4
‘‘Symbols and abbreviations’’, Section 5
‘‘Basic requirements’’, Section 6.1.3 ‘‘Method
2–1–1B—Summation of losses, additional
load losses according to the method of
residual losses.’’ The supply voltage shall be
in accordance with section 7.2 of IEC 60034–
1:2010 (incorporated by reference, see
§ 431.15). The measured resistance at the end
of the thermal test shall be determined in a
similar way to the extrapolation procedure
described in section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034–
1:2010, using the shortest possible time
instead of the time interval specified in Table
5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. The
measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of an
accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a direct test
and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in
accordance with IEC 60051–1:2016
(incorporated by reference, see § 431.15), or
(3) IEEE 112–2017, (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.15), Test Method B,
Input-Output With Loss Segregation, Section
3 ‘‘General’’, Section 4 ‘‘Measurements’’,
Section 5 ‘‘Machine losses and tests for
losses’’, Section 6.1 ‘‘General’’, Section 6.4
‘‘Efficiency test method B—Input-output
with loss segregation’’, Section 9.4 ‘‘Form
B—Method B’’, and Section 9.5 ‘‘Form B2—
Method B calculations.’’
3. Procedures for the Testing of Certain
Electric Motor Types
Prior to testing according to CSA C390–10,
IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B, or IEEE
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112–2017 Test Method B, each basic model
of the electric motor types listed below must
be set up in accordance with the instructions
of this section to ensure consistent test
results. These steps are designed to enable a
motor to be attached to a dynamometer and
run continuously for testing purposes. For
the purposes of this appendix, a ‘‘standard
bearing’’ is a 6000 series, either open or
grease-lubricated double-shielded, singlerow, deep groove, radial ball bearing.
*
*
*
*
*
7. Section 431.442 is amended by
adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for ‘‘Breakdown torque’’,
‘‘Rated frequency’’, ‘‘Rated load’’,
‘‘Rated output power’’, and ‘‘Rated
voltage’’, to read as follows:
■
§ 431.442
Definitions.
*
*
*
*
*
Breakdown torque means the
maximum torque that the motor will
develop with rated voltage and
frequency applied without an abrupt
drop in speed. The breakdown torque is
the local maximum of the torque-speed
plot of the motor, closest to the
synchronous speed of the motor,
determined in accordance with NEMA
MG 1–2016 (incorporated by reference,
see § 431.443).
*
*
*
*
*
Rated frequency means 60 hertz.
Rated load (or full load, full rated
load, or rated full load) means the rated
output power of a small electric motor.
Rated output power means the
mechanical output power that
corresponds to the small electric motor’s
breakdown torque as specified in NEMA
MG 1–2016 Table 10–5 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.443) for singlephase motors or 140 percent of the
breakdown torque values specified in
NEMA MG 1–2016 Table 10–5 for
polyphase motors. For purposes of this
definition, NEMA MG 1–2016 Table 10–
5 is applied regardless of whether
elements of NEMA MG 1–2016 Table
10–5 are identified as for small or
medium motors.
Rated voltage means the input voltage
of a small electric motor used when
making representations of the
performance characteristics of a given
small electric motor and selected by the
motor’s manufacturer to be used for
testing the motor’s efficiency.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Section 431.443 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraph (a);
■ b. Redesignating paragraph (c) as (d);
■ c. Adding new paragraph (c);
■ d. Revising newly redesignated
paragraph (d)(1); and
■ e. Adding paragraph (e).
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
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§ 431.443 Materials incorporated by
reference.
(a) General. Certain material is
incorporated by reference into subpart X
of part 431 with the approval of the
Director of the Federal Register under 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
Material is incorporated as it exists on
the date of the approval, and a
notification of any change in the
material will be published in the
Federal Register. Standards can be
obtained from the sources below. All
approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950
L’Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, DC
20024, (202) 586–2945, or go to https://
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
appliance_standards/. It is also
available at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For
information on the availability of this
material at NARA, email: fedreg.legal@
nara.gov, or go to: www.archives.gov/
federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) IEC. International Electrotechnical
Commission, 3 rue de Varembe´, 1st
Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH—1211 Geneva
20—Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or
go to https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
(1) IEC 60034–1, Edition 12.0 2010–
02, (‘‘IEC 60034–1:2010’’), Rotating
electrical machines—Part 1: Rating and
performance, IBR approved for
§§ 431.444.
(2) IEC 60034–2–1:2014, Edition 2.0
2014–06, (‘‘IEC 60034–2–1:2014’’),
Rotating electrical machines—Part 2–1:
Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction
vehicles), IBR approved for §§ 431.444,
and 431.447.
(3) IEC 60051–1:2016, Edition 6.0
2016–02, (‘‘IEC 60051–1:2016), Direct
acting indicating analogue electrical
measuring instruments and their
accessories—Part 1: Definitions and
general requirements common to all
parts, IBR approved for §§ 431.444.
(d) * * *
(1) IEEE 112TM–2017 (‘‘IEEE 112–
2017’’), IEEE Standard Test Procedure
for Polyphase Induction Motors and
Generators, approved December 6, 2017,
IBR approved for §§ 431.444, and
431.447.
*
*
*
*
*
(e) NEMA. National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, 1300 North
17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington,
Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or go
to https://www.nema.org.
(1) NEMA MG 1–2016, American
National Standard for Motors and
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23
Generators, ANSI approved June 1,
2018, IBR approved for § 431.442.
(2) [Reserved]
■ 9. Section 431.444 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 431.444 Test Procedures for the
measurement of energy efficiency of small
electric motors.
(a) Scope. Pursuant to section
346(b)(1) of EPCA, this section provides
the test procedures for measuring the
full-load efficiency of small electric
motors pursuant to EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6317(b)(1)) For purposes of this part 431
and EPCA, the test procedures for
measuring the efficiency of small
electric motors shall be the test
procedures specified in paragraph (b) of
this section.
(b) Testing and Calculations.
Determine the full-load efficiency of a
small electric motor using one of the test
methods listed in this paragraphs (b)(1)
through (4) of this section.
(1) Incorporation by reference: In
§ 431.443, DOE incorporated by
reference the entire standard for CSA
C747–09, CSA C390–10, IEC 60034–
1:2010, IEC 60034–2–1:2014, IEC
60051–1:2016, IEEE 112–2017, and IEEE
114–2010 into this section; however,
only enumerated provisions of those
documents referenced in this section are
applicable as follows:
(i) CSA C747–09:
(A) Section 1.6 ‘‘Scope’’ as specified
in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (b)(3)(ii) of
this section;
(B) Section 3 ‘‘Definitions’’ as
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and
(b)(3)(ii) of this section;
(C) Section 5 ‘‘General test
requirements’’ as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (b)(3)(ii) of this
section; and
(D) Section 6 ‘‘Test method’’ as
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and
(b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) CSA C390–10:
(A) Section 1.3, ‘‘Scope’’ as specified
in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section;
(B) Section 3.1, ‘‘Definitions’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this
section;
(C) Section 5, ‘‘General test
requirements—Measurements’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this
section;
(D) Section 7, ‘‘Test method’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this
section;
(E) Table 1, ‘‘Resistance measurement
time delay’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(ii) of this section;
(F) Annex B, ‘‘Linear regression
analysis’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(ii) of this section; and
(G) Annex C, ‘‘Procedure for
correction of dynamometer torque
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readings’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iii) IEC 60034–1:2010:
(A) Section 7.2 as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and
(b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(B) Section 8.6.2.3.3 as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and
(b)(4)(iii) of this section; and
(C) Table 5 as specified in paragraphs
(b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this
section.
(iv) IEC 60034–2–1:2014:
(A) Method 2–1–1A as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) of
this section;
(B) Method 2–1–1B as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(C) Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’
as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii),
(b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(D) Section 4 ‘‘Symbols and
abbreviations’’ as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii),
(b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(E) Section 5 ‘‘Basic requirements’’ as
specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii),
(b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(F) Section 6.1.2 ‘‘Method 2–1–1A—
Direct measurement of input and
output’’ (except Section 6.1.2.2, ‘‘Test
Procedure’’) as specified in paragraphs
(b)(2)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) of this section;
(G) Section 6.1.3 ‘‘Method 2–1–1B—
Summations of losses, additional load
losses according to the method of
residual losses’’ as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section; and
(H) Annex D, ‘‘Test report template
for 2–1–1B’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(v) IEC 60051–1:2016:
(A) Section 5.2 as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii) and
(b)(4)(iii), of this section; and
(B) [Reserved]
(vi) IEEE 112–2017:
(A) Test Method A as specified in
paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section;
(B) Test Method B as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section;
(C) Section 3, ‘‘General’’ as specified
in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i) of
this section;
(D) Section 4, ‘‘Measurements’’ as
specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and
(b)(4)(i) of this section;
(E) Section 5, ‘‘Machine losses and
tests for losses’’ as specified in
paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i) of this
section;
(F) Section 6.1, ‘‘General’’ as specified
in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i) of
this section;
(G) Section 6.3, ‘‘Efficiency test
method A—Input-output’’ as specified
in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section;
(H) Section 6.4, ‘‘Efficiency test
method B—Input-output’’ as specified
in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section;
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(I) Section 9.2, ‘‘Form A—Method A’’
as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this
section;
(J) Section 9.3, ‘‘Form A2—Method A
calculations’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(3)(i) of this section;
(K) Section 9.4, ‘‘Form B—Method B’’
as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this
section; and
(L) Section 9.5, ‘‘Form B2—Method B
calculations’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(i) of this section.
(vii) IEEE 114–2010:
(A) Section 3.2, ‘‘Test with load’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section;
(B) Section 4, ‘‘Testing Facilities as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section;
(C) Section 5, ‘‘Measurements’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section;
(D) Section 6, ‘‘General’’ as specified
in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section;
(E) Section 7, ‘‘Type of loss’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section;
(F) Section 8, ‘‘Efficiency and Power
Factor’’ as specified in paragraph
(b)(2)(i) of this section;
(G) Section 10 ‘‘Temperature Tests’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section;
(H) Annex A, Section A.3
‘‘Determination of Motor Efficiency’’ as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section; and
(I) Annex A, Section A.4 ‘‘Explanatory
notes for form 3, test data’’ as specified
in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section.
(viii) In cases where there is a
conflict, the language of this appendix
takes precedence over those documents.
Any subsequent amendment to a
referenced document by the standardsetting organization will not affect the
test procedure in this appendix, unless
and until the test procedure is amended
by DOE.
(2) Single-phase small electric motors.
For single-phase small electric motors,
use one of the following methods:
(i) IEEE 114–2010, Section 3.2, ‘‘Test
with load’’, Section 4, ‘‘Testing
Facilities, Section 5, ‘‘Measurements’’,
Section 6, ‘‘General’’, Section 7, ‘‘Type
of loss’’, Section 8, ‘‘Efficiency and
Power Factor’’; Section 10
‘‘Temperature Tests’’, Annex A, Section
A.3 ‘‘Determination of Motor
Efficiency’’, Annex A, Section A.4
‘‘Explanatory notes for form 3, test
data’’;
(ii) CSA C747–09, Section 1.6
‘‘Scope’’, Section 3 ‘‘Definitions’’,
Section 5, ‘‘General test requirements’’,
and Section 6 ‘‘Test method’’;
(iii) IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1A, Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’,
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Section 4 ‘‘Symbols and abbreviations’’,
Section 5 ‘‘Basic requirements’’, and
Section 6.1.2 ‘‘Method 2–1–1A—Direct
measurement of input and output’’
(except Section 6.1.2.2, ‘‘Test
Procedure’’). The supply voltage shall
be in accordance with section 7.2 of IEC
60034–1:2010 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.443). The measured
resistance at the end of the thermal test
shall be determined in a similar way to
the extrapolation procedure described
in section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034–1:2010,
using the shortest possible time instead
of the time interval specified in Table 5
therein, and extrapolating to zero. The
measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of
an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a
direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect
test in accordance with section 5.2 of
IEC 60051–1:2016 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.443).
(A) Additional IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1A Torque Measurement
Instructions.
If using IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method
2–1–1A to measure motor performance,
follow the instructions in paragraph
(b)(2)(iii)(B) of this section, instead of
section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034–2–1:2014;
(B) Couple the machine under test to
a load machine. Measure torque using
an in-line, shaft-coupled, rotating torque
transducer or stationary, stator reaction
torque transducer. Operate the machine
under test at the rated load until thermal
equilibrium is achieved (rate of change
1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I,
Pel, n, T, qc.
(3) Polyphase small electric motors of
less than or equal to 1 horsepower (0.75
kW). For polyphase small electric
motors with 1 horsepower or less, use
one of the following methods:
(i) IEEE 112–2017 Test Method A,
Section 3, ‘‘General’’, Section 4,
‘‘Measurements’’, Section 5, ‘‘Machine
losses and tests for losses’’, Section 6.1,
‘‘General’’, Section 6.3, ‘‘Efficiency test
method A—Input-output’’, Section 9.2,
‘‘Form A—Method A’’, and Section 9.3,
‘‘Form A2—Method A calculations’’;
(ii) CSA C747–09, Section 1.6
‘‘Scope’’, Section 3 ‘‘Definitions’’,
Section 5, ‘‘General test requirements’’,
and Section 6 ‘‘Test method’’;
(iii) IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1A, Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’,
Section 4 ‘‘Symbols and abbreviations’’,
Section 5 ‘‘Basic requirements’’, and
Section 6.1.2 ‘‘Method 2–1–1A—Direct
measurement of input and output’’
(except Section 6.1.2.2, ‘‘Test
Procedure’’). The supply voltage shall
be in accordance with section 7.2 of IEC
60034–1:2010. The measured resistance
at the end of the thermal test shall be
determined in a similar way to the
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extrapolation procedure described in
section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034–1:2010
using the shortest possible time instead
of the time interval specified in Table 5
therein, and extrapolating to zero. The
measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of
an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a
direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect
test in accordance with section 5.2 of
IEC 60051–1:2016.
(A) Additional IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1A Torque Measurement
Instructions.
If using IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method
2–1–1A to measure motor performance,
follow the instructions in paragraph
(b)(3)(iii)(B) of this section, instead of
section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034–2–1:2014;
(B) Couple the machine under test to
load machine. Measure torque using an
in-line shaft-coupled, rotating torque
transducer or stationary, stator reaction
torque transducer. Operate the machine
under test at the rated load until thermal
equilibrium is achieved (rate of change
1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I,
Pel, n, T, qc.
(4) Polyphase small electric motors of
greater than 1 horsepower (0.75 kW).
For polyphase small electric motors
exceeding 1 horsepower, use one of the
following methods:
(i) IEEE 112–2017 Test Method B,
Section 3, ‘‘General’’; Section 4,
‘‘Measurements’’; Section 5, ‘‘Machine
losses and tests for losses’’, Section 6.1,
‘‘General’’, Section 6.4, ‘‘Efficiency test
method B—Input-output with loss
segregation’’, Section 9.4, ‘‘Form B—
Method B’’, and Section 9.5, ‘‘Form
B2—Method B calculations’’; or
(ii) CSA C390–10, Section 1.3,
‘‘Scope’’, Section 3.1, ‘‘Definitions’’,
Section 5, ‘‘General test requirements—
Measurements’’, Section 7, ‘‘Test
method’’, Table 1, ‘‘Resistance
measurement time delay, Annex B,
‘‘Linear regression analysis’’, and Annex
C, ‘‘Procedure for correction of
dynamometer torque readings’’; or
(iii) IEC 60034–2–1:2014 Method 2–1–
1B Section 3 ‘‘Terms and definitions’’,
Section 4 ‘‘Symbols and abbreviations’’,
Section 5 ‘‘Basic requirements’’, Section
6.1.3 ‘‘Method 2–1–1B—Summation of
losses, additional load losses according
to the method of residual losses.’’, and
Annex D, ‘‘Test report template for 2–
1–1B. The supply voltage shall be in
accordance with section 7.2 of IEC
60034–1:2010. The measured resistance
at the end of the thermal test shall be
determined in a similar way to the
extrapolation procedure described in
section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034–1:2010
using the shortest possible time instead
of the time interval specified in Table 5
therein, and extrapolating to zero. The
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Jkt 253001
measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of
an accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a
direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect
test in accordance with section 5.2 of
IEC 60051–1:2016.
10. Section 431.447 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4), to
read as follows:
■
§ 431.447 Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized
certification programs.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content
and application of the test procedures
and methodologies in IEEE 112–2017
Test Method A, IEEE 112–2017 Test
Method B, IEEE 114–2010, IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1A, IEC 60034–
2–1:2014 Method 2–1–1B, CSA C390–
10, or CSA C747–09 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.443) or similar
procedures and methodologies for
determining the energy efficiency of
small electric motors. It must have
satisfactory criteria and procedures for
the selection and sampling of electric
motors tested for energy efficiency.
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in small electric motor
test procedures. The petition should set
forth the program’s experience, as
applicable, with the test procedures and
methodologies in, IEEE 112–2017 Test
Method A, IEEE 112–2017 Test Method
B, IEEE 114–2010, IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1A, IEC 60034–2–1:2014
Method 2–1–1B, CSA C390–10, and
CSA C747–09 (incorporated by
reference, see § 431.443) and with
similar procedures and methodologies.
This part of the petition should include
items such as, but not limited to, a
description of prior projects and
qualifications of staff members. Of
particular relevance would be
documentary evidence that establishes
experience in applying guidelines
contained in the ISO/IEC Guide 25,
General Requirements for the
Competence of Calibration and Testing
Laboratories to energy efficiency testing
for electric motors.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2020–27662 Filed 12–31–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 97
[Docket No. 31349; Amdt. No. 3938]
Standard Instrument Approach
Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums
and Obstacle Departure Procedures;
Miscellaneous Amendments
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
This rule amends, suspends,
or removes Standard Instrument
Approach Procedures (SIAPs) and
associated Takeoff Minimums and
Obstacle Departure Procedures for
operations at certain airports. These
regulatory actions are needed because of
the adoption of new or revised criteria,
or because of changes occurring in the
National Airspace System, such as the
commissioning of new navigational
facilities, adding new obstacles, or
changing air traffic requirements. These
changes are designed to provide for the
safe and efficient use of the navigable
airspace and to promote safe flight
operations under instrument flight rules
at the affected airports.
DATES: This rule is effective January 4,
2021. The compliance date for each
SIAP, associated Takeoff Minimums,
and ODP is specified in the amendatory
provisions.
The incorporation by reference of
certain publications listed in the
regulations is approved by the Director
of the Federal Register as of January 4,
2021.
ADDRESSES: Availability of matter
incorporated by reference in the
amendment is as follows:
SUMMARY:
For Examination
1. U.S. Department of Transportation,
Docket Ops–M30, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE, West Bldg., Ground Floor,
Washington, DC 20590–0001;
2. The FAA Air Traffic Organization
Service Area in which the affected
airport is located;
3. The office of Aeronautical
Navigation Products, 6500 South
MacArthur Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK
73169 or,
4. The National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, email
fedreg.legal@nara.gov or go to: https://
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/
ibr-locations.html.
E:\FR\FM\04JAR1.SGM
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 1 (Monday, January 4, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 4-25]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-27662]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047]
RIN 1904-AE18
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Small Electric
Motors and Electric Motors
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: In this final rule, the Department of Energy (``DOE'') is
further harmonizing its test procedures with industry practice by
updating a currently incorporated testing standard to reference that
standard's latest version, incorporating a new industry
[[Page 5]]
testing standard that manufacturers would be permitted to use in
addition to those industry standards currently incorporated by
reference, and harmonizing certain test conditions with current
industry standards to improve the comparability of test results for
small electric motors. None of these changes would affect the measured
average full-load efficiency of small electric motors or the measured
nominal full-load efficiency of electric motors when compared to the
current test procedures.
DATES: The effective date of this rule is February 3, 2021. The final
rule changes will be mandatory for product testing starting July 6,
2021. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in
the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register on
February 3, 2021. The incorporation by reference of certain other
publications listed in this rulemaking was approved by the Director of
the Federal Register on June 4, 2012.
ADDRESSES: The docket, which includes Federal Register notices, public
meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials, is available for review at https://www.regulations.gov. All documents in the docket are listed in the
https://www.regulations.gov index. However, some documents listed in the
index, such as those containing information that is exempt from public
disclosure, may not be publicly available.
A link to the docket web page can be found at https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047. The docket web page
contains instructions on how to access all documents, including public
comments, in the docket.
For further information on how to review the docket contact the
Appliance and Equipment Standards Program staff at (202) 287-1445 or by
email: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Jeremy Dommu, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE-2J,
1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone:
(202) 586-9870. Email: [email protected].
Mr. Michael Kido, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-33, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585-0121.
Telephone: (202) 586-8145. Email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: DOE maintains or updates previously
approved incorporations by reference and newly incorporates by
reference the following industry standards into 10 CFR part 431:
Canadian Standards Association (``CSA'') C390-10, ``Test methods,
marking requirements, and energy efficiency levels for three-phase
induction motors,'' March 2010.
CSA C747-09, ``Energy efficiency test methods for small motors,''
October 2009.
Copies of CSA C390-10 and CSA C747-09 can be obtained from
Canadian Standards Association, Sales Department, 5060 Spectrum Way,
Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6, Canada, 1-800-463-6727, or
by visiting https://www.shopcsa.ca/onlinestore/welcome.asp.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (``IEEE'') 112-
2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors
and Generators,'' approved December 6, 2017.
IEEE 114-2010, ``Test Procedure for Single-Phase Induction Motors,''
approved September 30, 2010.
Copies of IEEE 112-2017 and IEEE 114-2010 can be obtained from
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane,
P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, (732) 981-0060, or by
visiting https://www.ieee.org.
International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC'') 60034-1:2010,
Edition 12.0 2010-02, ``Rotating electric machines--Part 1: Rating
and performance.''
IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014-06, ``Rotating electrical
machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and
their efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles).''
IEC 60051-1:2016, Edition 6.0 2016-02, ``Direct acting indicating
analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories--
Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts.''
Copies of IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC 60034-1:2010, and IEC 60051-
1:2016 may be purchased from International Electrotechnical
Commission, 3 rue de Varemb[eacute], 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH--
1211 Geneva 20--Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or by visiting
https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (``NEMA'') MG 1-2016,
``American National Standard for Motors and Generators (``NEMA MG 1-
2016''), ANSI approved June 1, 2018.
Copies of NEMA MG 1-2016 may be purchases from National
Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite
900, Arlington, Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or by visiting
https://www.nema.org.
For a further discussion of these standards, see section IV.O.
Table of Contents
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Scope of the Test Procedures for Currently Regulated Small
Electric Motors and Electric Motors
1. Definition of ``Small Electric Motor''
2. Scope of the Small Electric Motor Test Procedure
3. Scope of the Electric Motor Test Procedure
B. Industry Standards
1. IEEE 112-2017
2. IEC 60034-2-1:2014
C. Rated Output Power and Breakdown Torque of Small Electric
Motors
D. Rated Values Specified for Testing Small Electric Motors
1. Rated Frequency
2. Rated Load
3. Rated Voltage
E. Effective and Compliance Date
F. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
1. Cost Impacts for Small Electric Motors
2. Cost Impacts for Electric Motors
3. Additional Amendments
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under Executive Orders 13771 and 13777
C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
F. Review Under Executive Order 13132
G. Review Under Executive Order 12988
H. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
I. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
J. Review Under Executive Order 12630
K. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
L. Review Under Executive Order 13211
M. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
N. Congressional Notification
O. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
IV. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
The Department of Energy (``DOE'') is authorized to establish and
amend energy conservation standards and test procedures for small
electric motors and electric motors.\1\ (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A); 42
U.S.C. 6317(b)) The current DOE test procedures for small electric
motors appear at subpart X, part 431 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (``CFR''). See 10 CFR 431.444. The current DOE test
procedures for electric motors appear in appendix B to subpart
[[Page 6]]
B of 10 CFR part 431 (``Appendix B''). The following sections discuss
DOE's authority to amend test procedures for small electric motors and
electric motors, as well as relevant background information regarding
DOE's consideration of test procedures for these motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EPCA authorized DOE to prescribe test procedures and energy
conservation standards for small electric motors pending a
determination of feasibility and justification (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)),
completed on July 10, 2006. 71 FR 38799. DOE is obligated to review
(and amend as needed) its test procedures and standards under 42
U.S.C. 6314(a) and 6316(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Authority
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA'') \2\
(42 U.S.C. 6291-6317), among other things, authorizes DOE to regulate
the energy efficiency of a number of consumer products and industrial
equipment. Title III, Part C \3\ of EPCA, added by Title IV, section
441(a) of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (Pub. L. 95-619
(Nov. 9, 1978)), established the Energy Conservation Program for
Certain Industrial Equipment, which set forth a variety of provisions
designed to improve the energy efficiency of certain industrial
equipment. Later, the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486
(October 24, 1992), further amended EPCA by adding, among other things,
provisions governing the regulation of small electric motors. EPCA was
further amended by the American Energy Manufacturing Technical
Corrections Act, Public Law 112-210 (December 18, 2012), which
explicitly permitted DOE to examine the possibility of regulating
``other motors'' in addition to those electric and small electric
motors that Congress had already otherwise defined and required DOE to
regulate. (42 U.S.C. 6311(1)(A), 42 U.S.C. 6311(2)(B)(xiii); 42 U.S.C.
6317(b))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ All references to EPCA in this document refer to the statute
as amended through America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018,
Public Law 115-270 (Oct. 23, 2018).
\3\ For editorial purposes, upon codification into the U.S.
Code, Part C was re-designated as Part A-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The energy conservation program under EPCA consists essentially of
four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation
standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. Relevant
provisions of EPCA include definitions (42 U.S.C. 6311), test
procedures (42 U.S.C. 6314), labeling provisions (42 U.S.C. 6315),
energy conservation standards (42 U.S.C. 6313), and the authority to
require information and reports from manufacturers (42 U.S.C. 6316).
EPCA includes specific authority for DOE to establish test procedures
and standards for small electric motors. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b))
Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered equipment
established under EPCA generally supersede State laws and regulations
concerning energy conservation testing, labeling, and standards. (42
U.S.C. 6316(a) and (b); 42 U.S.C. 6297)
The Federal testing requirements consist of test procedures that
manufacturers of covered equipment must use as the basis for: (1)
Certifying to DOE that their equipment complies with the applicable
energy conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6316(a); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)), and (2) making representations about the
efficiency of that equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)) Similarly, DOE uses
these test procedures to determine whether the equipment complies with
relevant standards promulgated under EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6316(a); 42
U.S.C. 6295(s))
Under 42 U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth criteria and procedures for
prescribing and amending test procedures for covered equipment. EPCA
provides in relevant part that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section must be reasonably designed to produce test
results which reflect the energy efficiency, energy use, or estimated
annual operating cost of covered equipment during a representative
average use cycle and requires that test procedures not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2))
In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, it must publish test procedures and offer the public an
opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C.
6314(b))
EPCA also requires that, at least once every 7 years, DOE evaluate
test procedures for each type of covered equipment including small
electric motors to determine whether amended test procedures would more
accurately or fully comply with the requirements for the test
procedures to not be unduly burdensome to conduct and be reasonably
designed to produce test results that reflect the energy efficiency,
energy use, and estimated operating costs during a representative
average use cycle. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)) If the Secretary determines
that a test procedure amendment is warranted, the Secretary must
publish test procedures in the Federal Register and afford interested
persons an opportunity (of not less than 45 days' duration) to present
oral and written data, views, and arguments on the test procedures. (42
U.S.C. 6314(b)) DOE is publishing this final rule to satisfy the 7-year
review requirement for small electric motors specified in EPCA, which
requires that DOE publish either a final rule amending the test
procedures or a determination that amended test procedures are not
required. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)(A)) This final rule also responds to
petitions for rulemaking received from the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (``NEMA'') and Underwriters Laboratory
(``UL'') pertaining to small electric motors and electric motors. (See
section I.B)
B. Background
EPCA defines ``small electric motor,'' as ``a NEMA general purpose
alternating current single-speed induction motor, built in a two-digit
frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards Publication MG 1-
1987.'' (42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(G)) EPCA directed DOE to establish a test
procedure for those small electric motors for which DOE makes a
determination that energy conservation standards would be
technologically feasible and economically justified and would result in
significant energy savings. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(1)) On July 10, 2006,
DOE published its determination that energy conservation standards for
certain polyphase and certain single-phase, capacitor-start, induction-
run, small electric motors are technologically feasible and
economically justified, and would result in significant energy savings.
71 FR 38799. DOE later adopted test procedures for small electric
motors. 74 FR 32059 (July 7, 2009) (``July 2009 final rule''). EPCA
also required that following establishment of the required test
procedures, DOE establish energy conservation standards for those small
electric motors for which test procedures were prescribed. (42 U.S.C.
6317(b)(2)) DOE complied with this requirement when it established
energy conservation standards for small electric motors. 75 FR 10874
(March 9, 2010) (``March 2010 final rule'').\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ A technical correction was published on April 5, 2010, to
correct the compliance date. 75 FR 17036.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subsequently, DOE published an update to the test procedures for
small electric motors on May 4, 2012. 77 FR 26608. The test procedures
for small electric motors appear at 10 CFR 431.444, and incorporate
certain industry standards from the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (``IEEE'') and Canadian Standards Association
(``CSA''), as listed in Table I-1.
[[Page 7]]
Table I-1--Industry Standards Currently Incorporated by Reference for
Small Electric Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equipment description Industry test procedure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-phase small electric motors..... IEEE 114-2010, CSA C747-09.
Polyphase small electric motors less IEEE 112-2004 Test Method A,
than or equal to 1 horsepower. CSA C747-09.
Polyphase small electric motors greater IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B,
than 1 horsepower. CSA C390-10.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
More recently, DOE published a request for information pertaining
to the test procedures for small electric motors and electric motors in
July 2017. 82 FR 35468 (July 31, 2017) (``July 2017 RFI''). In the July
2017 RFI, DOE solicited public comments, data, and information on all
aspects of, and any issues or problems with, the existing DOE test
procedure for small electric motors, including on any needed updates or
revisions. DOE also discussed potential categories of electric motors
(as defined at 10 CFR 431.12) that may be considered in future DOE test
procedures. 82 FR 35470-35474. At the request of commenters, DOE
extended the comment period for the July 2017 RFI in a notice published
on August 30, 2017. 82 FR 41179.
Separate from the July 2017 RFI, NEMA and Underwriter Laboratories
(``UL'') independently submitted written petitions requesting that
certain portions of International Electrotechnical Commission (``IEC'')
60034-2-1:2014 be adopted as a permitted alternative test method for
small electric motors and electric motors.\5\ DOE published a notice of
receipt of these petitions on November 2, 2017. 82 FR 50844 (``November
2017 notice of petition'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ The NEMA petition and work paper are available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0028. The UL
petition and supporting documentation are available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0029.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On April 23, 2019, DOE published a NOPR (``April 2019 NOPR'')
responding to the comments received to the July 2017 RFI and proposing
to further clarify the test procedures for small electric motors and
incorporate an additional industry test method, IEC 60034-2-1:2014
industry test standard, for testing small electric motors and electric
motors.\6\ 84 FR 17004 (April 23, 2019). The April 2019 NOPR also
addressed the test procedures for electric motors in response to the
November 2017 notice of petition. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ All comments received in response to the July 2017 TP RFI
are available for review at https://www.regulations.gov under docket
number EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE received four comments in response to the April 2019 NOPR from
the interested parties listed in Table I-2.
Table I-2--April 2019 NOPR Written Comments
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference in this
Organization(s) final rule Organization type
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appliance Standards Awareness Efficiency Efficiency
Project, Alliance to Save Advocates. Organizations.
Energy, California Energy
Commission, Natural Resources
Defense Council.
Association of Home Appliance AHAM and AHRI..... Trade
Manufacturers & Air- Associations.
Conditioning, Heating, and
Refrigeration Institute.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, CA IOUs........... Utilities.
San Diego Gas and Electric, and
Southern California Edison.
National Electrical Manufacturers NEMA.............. Trade
Association. Association.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Synopsis of the Final Rule
In this final rule, DOE is amending 10 CFR part 431 as follows:
(1) Updating the referenced industry testing standard for measuring
the energy efficiency of small electric motors and electric motors to
its latest version, IEEE 112-2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for
Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators;''
(2) Incorporating by reference as an alternative test procedure for
the measurement of energy efficiency in small electric motors and
electric motors testing standard IEC 60034-2-1:2014, ``Standard methods
for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines
for traction vehicles);''
(3) Adding definitions for ``rated load,'' ``rated output power,''
and ``breakdown torque'' of small electric motors based on NEMA MG 1-
2016; and \7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Approved by ANSI on June 1, 2018 with 2018 supplements. DOE
is not incorporating by reference these supplements as part of this
final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) Specifying the frequency used for testing by defining ``rated
frequency,'' and specify that manufacturers select the voltage used for
testing by defining ``rated voltage.''
Table II-1 summarizes the test procedure amendments compared to the
current test procedure as well as the reason for each change.
Table II-1--Synopsis of the Notice of Test Procedure
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Final rule test
Current test procedure NOPR test procedure procedure Reason
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorporates by reference IEEE 112- --Proposed adding IEEE Replaces IEEE 112-2004 --Achieves consistency
2004 to measure full-load efficiency 112-2017 as an with IEEE 112-2017 with industry update
of polyphase small electric motors. alternative to IEEE (considered to IEEE 112-2017.
112-2004. The IEEE 112- equivalent). --Addresses comments in
2017 version includes response to the April
the following updates 2019 NOPR that
compared to IEEE 112- including both the
2004: 2004 and 2017 versions
(1) Updates to certain of IEEE 112 is
requirements regarding unnecessary because
measurement instrument they are equivalent.
selection and See section III.B.1
accuracy.. for further
discussion.
[[Page 8]]
(2) Alignment of core
loss calculation with
CSA 390-10 and Method
2-1-1B of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014.
Does not incorporate by reference IEC --Proposed adding Identical to the NOPR.. Addresses suggestions
60034-2-1:2014. Method 2-1-1B of IEC offered in industry
60034-2-1:2014 as an petition (EERE-2017-BT-
alternative to IEEE TP-0047-0030).
112-2004 Test Method
B, IEEE 112-2017 Test
Method B and CSA C390-
10.
--Proposed adding
Method 2-1-1A of IEC
60034-2-1:2014 as an
alternative to IEEE
114-2010, IEEE 112-
2004, IEEE 112-2017
Test Method A and CSA
C747-09.
For Small Electric Motors: Specifies --Proposed defining Similar to the NOPR. --Reflects industry
testing at rated load but does not ``rated load'' (and Clarifies that DOE practice and improves
define that term. ``rated output power'' will not require the representativeness
and ``breakdown additional testing and of the test procedure.
torque'' to support measurement of --Addresses comments to
the definition of breakdown torque. Also the April 2019 NOPR
``rated load'') of clarifies the regarding testing and
small electric motors definition of reporting. See section
based on NEMA MG 1- breakdown torque. III.C for further
2016. discussion.
For Small Electric Motors: Specifies --Proposed defining Similar to the NOPR. Improves repeatability
testing at rated voltage and rated ``rated voltage,'' Clarifies further that of the test procedure.
frequency, but does not define those which provides that the rated voltage must
terms. manufacturers select be one of the voltages
the voltage that is used by the
used for testing, and manufacturer for
``rated frequency''. making representation
of the small electric
motor performance.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE has determined that the amendments described in section III of
this notice will not alter the measured efficiency of small electric
motors or electric motors, and that the test procedures will not be
unduly burdensome to conduct. Discussion of DOE's actions are addressed
in detail in section III of this document.
III. Discussion
A. Scope of the Test Procedures for Currently Regulated Small Electric
Motors and Electric Motors
This final rule does not change the scope of the test procedure
with respect to small electric motors and electric motors. The scope of
the test procedure as applied to currently regulated motors is
discussed in sections III.A.1 through III.A.3.
1. Definition of ``Small Electric Motor''
EPCA defines the term ``small electric motor'' as ``a NEMA general
purpose alternating current single-speed induction motor, built in a
two-digit frame number series in accordance with NEMA Standards
Publication MG 1-1987.'' 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(G) In the July 2009 final
rule, DOE adopted a modified version of this definition at 10 CFR
431.442 to specify that the term also encompasses those motors that are
built as ``IEC metric equivalent motors.'' 74 FR 32059, 32062; 10 CFR
431.442. This specification ensures that motors that otherwise satisfy
the small electric motor definition but are built in accordance with
metric-units are treated in a like manner as their counterparts that
are built in accordance with U.S. customary units of measurement.
The current definition at 10 CFR 431.442 lists the criteria that
must be met for a motor to be defined as a ``small electric motor.''
Under these criteria, a small electric motor is:
A NEMA general purpose motor \8\ that:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ In response to questions from NEMA and various motor
manufacturers, DOE issued a guidance document that identifies some
key design elements for consideration when determining whether a
given individual motor meets the small electric motor definition and
is subject to the energy conservation standards promulgated for
small electric motors. See https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0082.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uses alternating current,
Is single-speed,
Is an induction motor; and
Is built in a two-digit frame size in accordance with NEMA
Standards Publication MG 1-1987, including IEC metric equivalent
motors. See 10 CFR 431.442.
DOE did not propose to modify the definition of ``small electric
motor'' in the April 2019 NOPR (See 84 FR 17004, 17007) and DOE did not
receive any comments suggesting that it do so. Accordingly, DOE is not
modifying the current definition of small electric motor.
2. Scope of the Small Electric Motor Test Procedure
In the March 2010 final rule, DOE concluded that the following
motor topologies satisfy the small electric motor definition:
Capacitor-start induction-run (``CSIR''), capacitor-start capacitor-run
(``CSCR''), and certain polyphase motors. 75 FR 10874, 10882-10883. DOE
determined for purposes of its regulations that only CSIR, CSCR, and
polyphase motors are able to meet the performance requirements in NEMA
MG1 and are widely considered general purpose alternating current
motors, as shown by the listings found in manufacturers' catalogs. Id.
As such, DOE concluded that CSIR, CSCR, and polyphase motors are the
only motor categories that would satisfy the relevant criteria set by
EPCA to be regulated as small electric motors. 75 FR 10874, 10883. DOE
established test procedures for these three topologies in subpart X of
10 CFR part 431.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, DOE received a number of
comments relevant to the scope of applicability for the small electric
motors test procedures. NEMA commented that there have been no
significant technological advancements for small electric motors since
the last rulemaking and that it supported maintaining the current scope
of applicability. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 2) \9\ AHAM and AHRI also
supported the current scope of the test procedure, (AHAM and AHRI, No.
85 at pp. 1-2), and opposed developing separate test procedures and
energy conservation standards for special and definite purpose motors.
In their view, an expanded test procedure scope would increase costs
(equipment cost,
[[Page 9]]
testing costs, and costs related to certification) and would not
increase energy savings because original equipment manufacturers
already consider efficient small electric motors as a design option to
meet the energy conservation standards for those finished products
regulated by DOE. Id. They added that an expanded scope to include
definite and special purpose motors could impact the availability of
replacement parts. They noted that home appliances and heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (``HVAC'') equipment have long
lifetimes and often have sizing constraints. They asserted that, if
motor sizes increase in response to efficiency requirements,
replacement motors may no longer fit in those products using small
electric motors.\10\ (AHAM and AHRI, No. 85 at p. 3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ A notation in the form ``NEMA, No. 84 at p. 2'' identifies a
written comment: (1) Made by NEMA; (2) recorded in document number
84 that is filed in the docket of this test procedure rulemaking
(Docket No. EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047) and available for review at https://www.regulations.gov; and (3) which appears on page 2 of document
number 84.
\10\ One of the methods for improving the efficiency of an
electric motor is to increase its stack length--i.e., the number of
rotors and stators that are stacked together to fit along a given
motor's shaft. While this may increase the efficiency of a given
motor with specified horsepower and torque ratings, it also results
in increasing the overall dimensions of the motor, thereby affecting
its ability to fit within a given application.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CA IOUs and Efficiency Advocates supported expanding the scope
of the small electric motors test procedures to cover a broader range
of motors. In their view, DOE should expand the scope of the small
electric motors test procedure to address a wide range of motors that
the market considers ``small.'' (CA IOUs, No. 86 at p. 2) The
Efficiency Advocates stated that DOE previously found that motors with
the same characteristics as currently regulated small electric motors
are widely available in larger horsepower ranges. They referenced DOE's
preliminary identification presented in the July 2017 RFI of 11 motor
categories that may represent significant shipment volumes and energy
consumption and that were capable of being tested using existing test
procedures. The Efficiency Advocates stated that these motor categories
include both inefficient designs (e.g., shaded-pole) and high-
efficiency topologies (e.g., permanent magnet and switched reluctance).
(Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at p. 1)
As previously stated, DOE is not modifying the test procedure's
scope. The test procedure continues to apply only to small electric
motors that are currently subject to DOE's existing test procedure at
10 CFR 431.444. As explained in the March 2010 final rule, under the
definition of ``small electric motor'' prescribed by EPCA, CSIR, CSCR,
and polyphase motors are the only motor categories that are general
purpose motors (which is a key element to the statutory definition of
this term), and therefore the only categories for which DOE has
authority to regulate as a small electric motor. 75 FR 10874, 10881.
Special purpose and definite purpose motors are not general purpose
motors and therefore are not covered under the statutory or regulatory
definition of ``small electric motor'' and are not ``small electric
motors'' under DOE's statutory or regulatory framework.\11\ (See 42
U.S.C. 6311(13)(G) (defining ``small electric motor''), 42 U.S.C.
6311(13)(C) (defining ``definite purpose motor'') and 42 U.S.C.
6311(13)(D) (defining ``special purpose motor''); see also generally 10
CFR 431.442)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Under EPCA, the term ``definite purpose motor'' means ``any
motor designed in standard ratings with standard operating
characteristics or standard mechanical construction for use under
service conditions other than usual or for use on a particular type
of application and which cannot be used in most general purpose
applications.'' 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(C). Similarly, EPCA defines a
``special purpose motor'' as ``any motor, other than a general
purpose motor or definite purpose motor, which has special operating
characteristics or special mechanical construction, or both,
designed for a particular application.'' 42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(D).
Given that EPCA treats these motors as being separate from small
electric motors, and that these two categories of motors generally
fall outside of general purpose motor applications, coverage of
definite purpose and special purpose motors cannot be accomplished
through DOE's authority to regulate small electric motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the July 2017 RFI, DOE indicated that it may consider setting
test procedures for electric motors that are considered ``small'' by
customers and the electric motors industry, but that are not currently
subject to the small electric motor test procedure. 82 FR 35468, 35470-
35471. DOE discussed that the motors identified in the July 2017 RFI
may have similarities to motors that are currently regulated as small
electric motors (such as horsepower) and may be used in similar
applications. However, DOE had not concluded that the identified motors
are small electric motors or electric motors (nor did DOE propose such
a conclusion). While certain commenters urged DOE to expand the scope
of the test procedures to include some or all of the 11 categories of
motors identified in the July 2017 RFI, these commenters did not
provide an explanation for how such expansion would be consistent with
DOE's authority under EPCA, or how such motors should be classified and
tested.
AHAM and AHRI referenced the statutory exemption regarding the
application of energy conservation standards for small electric motors
that are components of covered products (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(3)) and
requested that DOE interpret the exemption to apply to all small
electric motors destined for or used in covered products or equipment.
(AHAM and AHRI, No. 85 at p. 4)
By statute, the small electric motor standards established by DOE
shall not apply to any such motor that is a component of a covered
product, or of covered equipment. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(3)) Accordingly,
consistent with the statute, the test procedure as amended in this
final rule does not apply to a motor that is a component of a covered
product, or of covered equipment.
3. Scope of the Electric Motor Test Procedure
As noted in section I.B, this final rule also addresses the test
procedure for electric motors in response to a petition for
rulemaking.\12\ The current electric motor test procedure is codified
at subpart B of 10 CFR part 431. DOE did not propose to amend the scope
of the electric motor test procedure. Accordingly, this final rule does
not change the scope of that test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ The NEMA petition and work paper are available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0028. The UL
petition and supporting documentation are available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EERE-2017-BT-TP-0047-0029.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Industry Standards
The DOE test procedures rely on industry standards that are
incorporated by reference at 10 CFR 431.443 for small electric motors
and 10 CFR 431.15 for electric motors. Specifically, the existing DOE
test procedures for small electric motors and electric motors rely on
the following test methods:
(1) For single-phase small electric motors: Either IEEE 114-2010,
or CSA C747-09 (see 10 CFR 431.443(b)(1); 10 CFR 431.443(c)(2); 10 CFR
431.444(b)(1));
(2) For polyphase small electric motors of less than or equal to 1
hp, either Section 6.3 ``Efficiency Test Method A, Input-Output'' of
IEEE 112-2004, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction
Motors and Generators'' (``IEEE 112-2004'') or CSA C747-09 (see 10 CFR
431.443(b)(1); 10 CFR 431.443(c)(1)(i); 10 CFR 431.444(b)(2)); and
(3) For polyphase small electric motors of greater than 1 hp and
electric motors, either Section 6.4 ``Efficiency Test Method B, Input-
Output with Loss Segregation'' of IEEE 112-2004; or CSA C390-10 (see 10
CFR 431.443(b)(2); 10 CFR 431.443(c)(1)(ii); 10 CFR 431.444(b)(3); 10
CFR 431.16 and Appendix B).
[[Page 10]]
In preparation for the April 2019 NOPR, DOE reviewed each of the
referenced industry standards to determine whether they still represent
the most current procedures developed by industry. On February 14,
2018, IEEE published an updated edition of the IEEE 112 standard. The
other referenced industry standards incorporated into DOE's test
procedure developed by CSA and IEEE remain current or have been
reaffirmed without changes.\13\ This final rule maintains the
references to IEEE 114-2010, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747-09. As discussed
in Section III.B.1 of this document, DOE is updating the reference to
IEEE 112 to reference the updated IEEE 112-2017 standard. As discussed
in section III.B.2, DOE is also incorporating by reference IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 as an additional alternative test procedure for small electric
motors and electric motors. IEEE 112-2017 and IEC 60034-2-1:2014 are
discussed in the following paragraphs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Both CSA C747-09 and CSA C390-10 have been reaffirmed in
2014 and 2015, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. IEEE 112-2017
On February 14, 2018, IEEE approved IEEE 112-2017, ``IEEE Standard
Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators.'' DOE
conducted a full review of that revised testing standard to identify
any changes made relative to the industry test methods that are
incorporated by reference from IEEE 112-2004. In the April 2019 NOPR,
DOE highlighted the following changes between the 2004 and 2017
version: (1) Section 4, ``Measurements'' of IEEE 112-2017, includes
several updates regarding instrument selection and measurement
accuracy; and (2) the method for calculating core loss used in Section
6.4, ``Efficiency Test Method B--Input-Output with Loss Segregation''
of IEEE 112-2017 was revised and aligned with the efficiency test
method specified in CSA C390-10, currently incorporated by reference at
10 CFR 431.443(b)(2). 84 FR 17004, 17011. DOE further noted that this
change also aligns with the Method 2-1-1B approach of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014. Id. In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE noted that the revisions in the
2017 version aligned measurement, calculation methods, and
instrumentation requirements with industry practice, and that the
differences between the IEEE 112-2004 and IEEE 112-2017 calculation
methods were minimal, with both tests resulting in an accurate and
similar measurement of efficiency. 84 FR 17004, 17011-17012. DOE noted
that, in the small electric motor and electric motor final rule
published on May 4, 2012, commenters indicated the difference in
efficiency outcome between IEEE 112-2004 and CSA C390-10 to be within
0.2 percent. 84 FR 17004, 17012 citing 77 FR 26608, 26622. DOE stated
that the core loss calculation in IEEE 112-2017 aligns with the core
loss calculation in CSA C390-10, and that based on this comparison of
IEEE 112-2004 and CSA C390-10, the impact of the core loss calculation
between IEEE 112-2004 and IEEE 112-2017 should be no greater than 0.2
percent. 84 FR 17004, 17012. To avoid any potential need to retest
motors that have relied on IEEE 112-2004 for purposes of compliance,
DOE proposed to incorporate the IEEE 112-2017 test method as an
alternative to the test methods incorporated in the current test
procedure, while retaining the currently incorporated IEEE 112-2004
method, and requested data comparing the results of the IEEE 112-2004
and IEEE 112-2017. 84 FR 17004, 17012.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, NEMA supported updating the
reference to IEEE 112 to its latest 2017 version and noted that IEEE
112-2017 Method B resolves previous technical differences between IEEE
112-2004 Method B and CSA C390-10. NEMA added that both versions of
IEEE 112 led to equivalent results. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 2) The
Efficiency Advocates supported referencing the latest version of IEEE
112 and urged DOE not to continue referencing the older version since
referencing two different procedures introduces additional variability
into the DOE test procedure. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at p. 2)
DOE has determined that IEEE 112-2017 will result in an accurate
and similar measurement of efficiency as compared to IEEE 112-2004.
Given the expected variation of tested efficiency values for small
electric motors and electric motors due to manufacturing and material
differences, any minor differences between IEEE 112-2004 and IEEE 112-
2017 will not result in any significant change in overall energy
efficiency test results. This determination is consistent with DOE's
prior comparison of IEEE 112-2004 and CSA C390-10, as affirmed by
NEMA's comment. Given the functional equivalency of testing under IEEE
112-2004 and IEEE 112-2017, DOE is incorporating IEEE 112-2017 in place
of IEEE 112-2004. Referencing only the most recent version of IEEE 112
avoids the potential concerns identified by the Efficiency Advocates.
Additionally, incorporating this update further aligns DOE's test
procedures with current industry practice and reduces manufacturer test
burden, while ensuring that motors that have demonstrated compliance
under IEEE 112-2004 methods do not require retesting (see section
III.F.1 for more details).
Therefore, the updates to IEEE 112-2017 are in the following
sections of the CFR (as amended by this final rule):
For small electric motors, 10 CFR 431.443 ``Materials incorporated
by reference,'' paragraph (d)(1); 10 CFR 431.444 ``Test procedures for
the measurement of energy efficiency,'' paragraphs (b)(1)(vi),
(b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i); and 10 CFR 431.447 ``Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized certification programs,''
paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4).
For electric motors, 10 CFR 431.12 ``Definitions'' (the definition
for ``accreditation''); 10 CFR 431.15 ``Materials incorporated by
reference,'' paragraph (d)(1); 10 CFR 431.19 ``Department of Energy
recognition of accreditation bodies,'' paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); 10
CFR 431.20 ``Department of Energy recognition of nationally recognized
certification programs,'' paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); and Appendix B
to Subpart B of Part 431 ``Uniform test method for measuring nominal
full load efficiency of electric motors,'' Sections 0(d),\14\ 2(3), 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ Appendix B to subpart B of part 431 was reorganized to
include a new section 0 in this final rule. Section 0 details the
applicability of the industry testing standards incorporated by
reference and provides the specific provisions of the industry
testing standards that are applicable to the DOE test procedure and
the sections of the DOE test procedure in which the industry testing
standards are incorporated. Because of this re-organization, the
instruction in section 3 of Appendix B to subpart B of part 431
regarding the applicability of subsequent editions of the
incorporated industry testing standards was duplicative to those in
section 0, and therefore removed in this final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. IEC 60034-2-1:2014
As discussed in section I.B, NEMA and UL independently submitted
written petitions requesting that certain portions of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 be adopted as a permitted alternative test method for small
electric motors and electric motors. Specifically, NEMA's petition
requested that DOE incorporate IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B \15\ as
an alternative to IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10, which
are currently referenced in Appendix B. (NEMA, No. 28.2 at p. 1) UL
requested that (1) IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B be approved for
Appendix B and section 431.444 of 10 CFR part 431 (as an alternative to
IEEE 112-2004 Test
[[Page 11]]
Method B and CSA C390-10) and (2) that IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A
\16\ be approved for section 431.444 of 10 CFR part 431 (as an
alternative to IEEE 112-2004 Test method A, IEEE 114-2010, and CSA
C747-09). (UL, No. 29.1 at p. 1) The NEMA and UL petitions included and
referenced papers that compare the testing methodologies presented in
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 to the IEEE and CSA standards currently referenced
in the small electric motors and electric motors test procedures at 10
CFR part 431.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B (2014), ``Rotating
Electrical Machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles),'' ``Summation of losses, additional load losses according
to the method of residual loss.''
\16\ IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A (2014), ``Rotating
Electrical Machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining
losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction
vehicles),'' ``Direct Measurement of Input and Output.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The NEMA petition included a ``work paper'' that summarizes an
evaluation conducted by the NEMA Motor and Generator Section technical
committee, which found that IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B was a
suitable alternative to the IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10
test methods. (NEMA, No. 28.3 at p. 1) This evaluation relied on (1)
comparison of instrumentation accuracy, test method, and calculation
approach among the IEC, IEEE, and CSA industry standards, (2) analysis
of test results from over 500 motors tested at the Hydro-Qu[eacute]bec
Research Institute, and (3) reference to one scientific research paper
(the ``Angers et al. study''), which also concluded that all three
methods provide results that are very closely aligned. (NEMA, No. 28.3
at pp. 1-3)
The UL petition included two papers comparing the IEC 60034-2-1
test methods with the respective IEEE and CSA standards. The first
paper was the Angers et. al. study, which concluded that the IEC 60034-
2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B test method provides results that are very
closely aligned with the IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10
test methods. (UL, No. 29.2 at pp. 1-8) The second paper, written by
IEEE member Wenping Cao, compared the IEEE 112 and IEC 60034-2-1
standards and concluded that the resulting efficiency values were found
to be equal or otherwise closely aligned. (UL, No. 29.3 at p. 7) UL
requested that DOE incorporate IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B as an
alternative to IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10 because of
an increased use of the IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B. (UL, No 29.1
at p.1) In its comments, UL did not quantify how broadly IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 Method 2-1-1B is currently being used.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to permit use of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 Method 2-1-1A, with certain limitations regarding torque
measurement, as an alternative to IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA
C390-10. 84 FR 17004, 17012-17013. DOE also proposed to permit use of
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B as a permitted alternative to the test
methods IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10. 84 FR 17004,
17014. DOE requested comment on its proposals regarding IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 Method 2-1-1A and Method 2-1-1B, including data comparing test
results of those standards with the corresponding CSA and IEEE test
procedures. 84 FR 17004, 17013-17014.
The CA IOUs questioned whether alternative testing standards are
truly equivalent to one another and commented that DOE should evaluate
the possibility that one equivalent test procedure may produce a
disproportionately favorable result compared to another. The CA IOUs
recommended that, to avoid confusion in the market and maintain
consistency in results, the DOE should specify a single version of a
test procedure to be used for enforcement testing. (CA IOUs, No. 86 at
p. 2-3)
As discussed in the April 2019 NOPR and in the following sections,
DOE evaluated the various industry tests as well as the results of
comparative testing and concludes that the relevant test methods in IEC
60034-2-1:2014 are equivalent to the corresponding industry standards
currently referenced in the test procedures for small electric motors
and electric motors. Permitting use of the test methods in IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 further harmonizes DOE's test standards with industry and
reduces test burden while ensuring that the test procedure reflects the
energy efficiency of the relevant motors during a representative
average use cycle.
a. Method 2-1-1A
Among multiple testing methods provided in IEC 60034-2-1:2014,
Method 2-1-1A ``Direct measurement of input and output'' is the
standard's preferred testing method for single-phase motors. It is
based on direct measurement of electrical input power to the motor and
mechanical output power (in the form of torque and speed) from the
motor. This approach is analogous to the methods of the other industry
standards, IEEE 114-2010 and CSA C747-09, currently incorporated by
reference for testing single-phase motors, and IEEE 112-2004 Test
Method A, currently incorporated by reference for the purpose of
testing polyphase motors of output power less than or equal to one
horsepower.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE tentatively determined that IEC 60034-
2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A is likely to produce accurate and reproducible
results that are consistent with results from the other test methods
permitted under subparts X and B of 10 CFR part 431. 84 FR 17004,
17013. DOE proposed to incorporate by reference IEC 60034-2-1:2014
Method 2-1-1A as an alternative to the currently incorporated industry
testing standards IEEE 112-2004 Test Method A and CSA C747-09 in 10 CFR
431.443. Id. However, DOE also initially determined that the process
for dynamometer torque correction in section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014, Method 2-1-1A is insufficiently described. 84 FR 17004, 17013.
Specifically, IEEE 114-2010 \17\ and CSA C747-09 \18\ contain more
detailed descriptions of torque correction procedures, but both state
that torque correction is not required when torque is measured using
either an inline, rotating torque transducer or stator reaction torque
transducer. The insufficient specificity of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method
2-1-1A regarding dynamometer torque correction can be avoided by using
a torque measurement method that does not require correction.
Consequently, DOE proposed to permit use of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 with
limitations to limit torque measurement to methods that do not require
dynamometer torque correction (i.e., either in-line, shaft-coupled,
rotating torque transducers or stationary, stator reaction torque
transducers). 84 FR 17004, 17012-17013.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ Section 5.2.1.1.1 of IEEE 114-2010 addressees when torque
correction is required.
\18\ Section 6.7.1 of CSA C747-09 addresses when torque
correction is required.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, NEMA reiterated its support to
have the option of using IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A. (NEMA, No.
84 at p. 3) DOE did not receive any other comment on the incorporation
of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A generally, or regarding the
proposal to limit torque measurement.
For the reasons discussed in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE is
referencing IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A as an alternative to the
referenced industry testing standards IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A (per
the amendment in this final rule) and CSA C747-09 in 10 CFR 431.443. As
proposed, this final rule requires torque measurement, when using IEC
60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A, to be made using either in-line, shaft-
coupled, rotating torque transducers or stationary, stator reaction
torque transducers. This change will
[[Page 12]]
further harmonize DOE's test procedures with current industry practice
and reduce manufacturer test burden (see section III.F.1 for more
details).
For small electric motors, DOE is adding a reference to IEC 60034-
2-1 in 10 CFR 431.443 ``Materials incorporated by reference,''
paragraph (c)(2) and making a more specific set of references to IEC
60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A in 10 CFR 431.444 ``Test procedures for
the measurement of energy efficiency,'' paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and
(b)(3)(iii) and in 10 CFR 431.447 ``Department of Energy recognition of
nationally recognized certification programs,'' paragraphs (b)(4) and
(c)(4).
In addition, section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A
specifies that motors under test should be operated at the ``required
load'' until thermal equilibrium is achieved. As required under DOE's
test procedure, the motor must be rated and tested at rated load. For
clarity and consistency, in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to modify
these instructions by replacing the term ``required load'' with ``rated
load.'' 84 FR 17004, 17013. DOE did not receive any stakeholder
comments on this proposal and is modifying these instructions by
replacing the term ``required load'' with ``rated load.''
Furthermore, IEC 60034-2-1:2014 references IEC 60034-1:2010 and IEC
60051-1:2016 to specify required test conditions and procedures when
applying the test methods for measuring energy efficiency in the
following sections: (1) Section 5.4.1 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 specifies
that the supply voltage shall be in accordance with sections 7.2 (and
8.3.1 for thermal tests) of IEC 60034-1:2010; (2) section 5.5.2 of IEC
60034-2-1:2014 specifies that the measuring instruments shall have the
equivalent of an accuracy class of 0.2 in case of a direct test and 0.5
in case of an indirect test in accordance with IEC 60051; \19\ and (3)
section 5.7.1 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 states that the measured resistance
at the end of the thermal test shall be determined in a similar way to
the extrapolation procedure as described in section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC
60034-1, using the shortest possible time instead of the time interval
specified in Table 5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. Therefore, in
this final rule, DOE is also incorporating by reference IEC 60034-
1:2010 and IEC 60051-1:2016 to specify the test conditions and
procedures as referenced in IEC 60034-2-1:2014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ Section 3.8.2 of IEC 60051-1:2016 defines ``accuracy
class'' as a ``class of measuring instruments, all of which are
intended to comply with a set of specifications regarding
uncertainty.'' Furthermore, IEC 6005-1:2016 specifies that an
accuracy class always specifies a limit of uncertainty, whatever
other metrological characteristics it specifies. While IEC 60051-
1:2006 does not define a metric for this term, in practice, accuracy
classes are used to designate percentage uncertainties. For example,
section 5.5.2 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 states that ``for an accuracy
class of 0.2, the measuring equipment shall reach an overall
uncertainty of 0.2% of reading at power factor of 1.0.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. Method 2-1-1B
Among the multiple testing methods provided in IEC 60034-2-1:2014,
Method 2-1-1B ``Summation of losses, additional load losses according
to the method of residual loss'' is the IEC 60034-2-1:2014 standard's
preferred testing method for three-phase motors. This method relies on
the indirect calculation of motor losses using a combination of
measured values (e.g., winding resistance) and assumptions so that
direct measurement of motor torque is not needed. This method is
analogous to the methods of the other industry standards, IEEE 112-2004
and CSA C390-10, currently incorporated by reference for testing
polyphase small electric motors of output power greater than one
horsepower and electric motors.
DOE reviewed IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Method 2-1-1B, and stakeholder
responses to the November 2017 notice of petition, as well as all of
the research papers referenced in the NEMA and UL petitions. The
research papers evaluated IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Method 2-1-1B and the
IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10 testing standards with
respect to a comparison of the instrumentation accuracy, test method,
and calculation approach, in addition to an analysis of any variability
of actual test results. DOE also considered a comparison of results
from a round robin test program among 11 participants, which concluded
that the same motor tested at multiple test facilities showed a maximum
deviation of 0.4 percentage points, using the same IEEE
112-2004 Test Method B for each test.\20\ 84 FR 17013-17014. DOE noted
that the largest difference reported by stakeholders between measured
efficiency values using IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Method 2-1-1B and IEEE 112-
2004 Test Method B did not exceed 0.2 percentage points. 84
FR 17004, 17014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ Hydro-Quebec Research Institute, NEMA Motor Round Robin,
November 2018. Motor Summit 2018 Proceedings. Available at https://www.motorsummit.ch/sites/default/files/2018-11/MS18_proceedings.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE initially concluded that (1) these methods are not identical,
but the differences between these standards are within the expected
measurement variation of the existing test procedure; (2) all three
tests would result in measurements of efficiency that would yield the
same results with respect to motor compliance; and (3) given the
variable nature of tested efficiency values for electric motors and
small electric motors due to manufacturing and material differences,
the variation in the calculated efficiency is insignificant and not
likely to result in any significant change in overall energy efficiency
test results. 84 FR 17004, 17014. Accordingly, in the April 2019 NOPR,
DOE proposed to incorporate by reference IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-
1B as an alternative to the currently incorporated industry testing
standards IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B and CSA C390-10 and to IEEE 112-
2017 Test Method B. Id.
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, NEMA reaffirmed its request for
the addition of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B as an alternative test
standard for polyphase small electric motors greater than 1 hp and
electric motors. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 3)
Based on the considerations presented in the April 2019 NOPR, DOE
affirms its initial conclusions regarding IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-
1-1B. Allowing manufacturers to test according to IEC 60034-2-1:2014
Method 2-1-1B further harmonizes DOE's test procedures with current
industry practice and reduces manufacturer test burden (see section
III.F.2 for more details) while ensuring that the test procedure
reflects the energy efficiency of the relevant motors during a
representative average use cycle. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is
referencing IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B as a permitted alternative
to the current test methods IEEE 112-2004 Test Method B (which in this
final rule will be replaced with IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B) and CSA
C390-10. In addition, as described in section III.B.2.a, DOE is also
incorporating by reference IEC 60034-1:2010 and IEC 60051-1:2016, which
specify the test conditions and procedures for IEC 60034-2-1:2014.
Accordingly, reference to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B is being
added to the following sections of the CFR:
For small electric motors, IEC 60034-2-1 is referenced in 10 CFR
431.443 ``Materials incorporated by reference,'' paragraph (c)(2). The
specific references to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B are in 10 CFR
431.444 ``Test procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency,''
paragraph (b)(4)(iii) and 10 CFR 431.447 ``Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized
[[Page 13]]
certification programs,'' paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4).
For electric motors, IEC 60034-2-1 is referenced in 10 CFR 431.12
``Definitions'' (the definition for ``accreditation''); and 10 CFR
431.15 ``Materials incorporated by reference,'' paragraph (c)(3). The
specific references to IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B are in 10 CFR
431.19 ``Department of Energy recognition of accreditation bodies,''
paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); 10 CFR 431.20 ``Department of Energy
recognition of nationally recognized certification programs,''
paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4); and Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 431
``Uniform test method for measuring nominal full load efficiency of
electric motors,'' Sections 2(2) and 3.
C. Rated Output Power and Breakdown Torque of Small Electric Motors
The current regulations for small electric motors specify that the
metric for energy conservation standards, average full-load efficiency,
is to be measured at ``full rated load.'' 10 CFR 431.442. The industry
testing standards referenced in the small electric motor test procedure
do not provide a method to determine the rated load of the tested unit
but instead rely on manufacturer-specified output power, which is
typically listed on a motor's nameplate, to determine average full-load
efficiency at full rated load.\21\ The industry standards do not define
rated output power; rather, the output power is a manufacturer
declaration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ See e.g., CSA C747-09, Section 3, Definition of ``full
load''; CSA C390-10, Section 3.1, Definition of ``rating''; IEEE
112-2017, Section 3.3.2 (``Specified temperature''); and IEEE 114-
2010, Section 8.2 (``Determination of efficiency'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As explained in the April 2019 NOPR, the motors subject to the
small electric motors test procedures are capable of operating over a
continuous range of loads. 84 FR 17004, 17014. For example, a motor
that is rated at 1 hp is also capable of delivering 0.75 hp, but likely
with a different speed, torque, and efficiency than those of when it is
delivering its rated load of 1 hp. The output power of the motor
depends on the load and the design of the motor. Therefore, the load
point at which the motor must be tested is not an intrinsic parameter
of the motor, but rather a parameter that must be defined or specified.
The test's load point is relevant to efficiency testing because the
efficiency of small electric motors varies according to load.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to define rated output power
using breakdown torque as specified in NEMA MG 1-2016. 84 FR 17004,
17014-17016. In concept, breakdown torque describes the maximum torque
the motor can develop without slowing down and stalling. The maximum
torque over the entire speed range could occur at a different condition
(e.g., the motor start-up, zero speed condition) than the breakdown
condition. As explained in the April 2019 NOPR, breakdown torque
corresponds to a local maximum torque (on a plot of torque versus
speed) that is nearest to the rated torque. 84 FR 17004, 17014. The
phrase ``abrupt drop in speed'' corresponds to the expectation that the
motor will slow down or stall if the load increases and indicates that
minor reductions in speed observed due to measurement sensitivities are
not considered.
The breakdown torque for a specific horsepower rating is specified
as a range as a function of input frequency and synchronous speed of
the motor in two tables: Table 10-5 of NEMA MG 1-2016, which applies to
induction motors, except permanent-split capacitor (``PSC'') and
shaded-pole motors; and Table 10-6 of NEMA MG 1-2016, which applies to
shaded-pole and PSC motors for fan and pump applications. For polyphase
motors, section 12.37 of NEMA MG 1-2016 specifies that the breakdown
torque of a general-purpose polyphase squirrel-cage small motor shall
not be less than 140 percent of the breakdown torque of a single-phase
general purpose motor of the same horsepower and speed rating.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE initially determined that NEMA MG 1-
2016's Table 10-5 can apply to all small electric motors subject to
DOE's standards and that most manufacturers already use the breakdown
torque method as a standard practice to determine rated output power.
84 FR 17004, 17016. Accordingly, DOE proposed to define ``rated output
power'' as ``the mechanical output power that corresponds to the small
electric motor's breakdown torque as specified in NEMA MG 1-2016 Table
10-5 for single-phase motors or 140 percent of the breakdown torque
values specified in NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 for polyphase motors.''
\22\ Id. DOE also proposed defining ``breakdown torque'' as ``the
maximum torque that the motor will develop with rated voltage and
frequency applied without an abrupt drop in speed, determined in
accordance with NEMA MG 1-2016.'' Id. DOE requested comment on the
proposed definitions for ``rated output power'' and ``breakdown
torque.'' Additionally, DOE requested comment on how to determine when
an ``abrupt drop in speed'' (e.g., the local maximum of the torque-
speed plot closest to the rated torque) has occurred when testing the
breakdown torque of a small electric motor. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ For purposes of this definition, NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5
can be applied to all small electric motors, regardless of whether
elements of NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 are identified as for small or
medium motors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, NEMA commented that there is no
need to define ``breakdown torque'' or ``abrupt drop in speed'' for the
purposes of testing electric motors. (NEMA, No. 84 at p. 3)
Specifically, NEMA stated that incorporating breakdown torque as the
method to define the rated output power of the motor is unnecessary
because NEMA MG 1-2016, Part 1.40 already states the output rating of a
machine ``shall'' consist of the output power. Instead, NEMA
recommended that the declared values of output power be used as
provided on the manufacturer's nameplate and that DOE not require a
declaration of breakdown torque. (NEMA, No. 84 at pp. 3-4). NEMA
further stated that the ``abrupt drop in speed'' corresponds to the
expectations that the motor will slow down or stall if the torque
applied to the motor exceeds the local maximum value of torque that is
most closely located to the rated torque of the motor (i.e., the
breakdown torque). Finally, NEMA claimed that performing any additional
speed-torque tests for determining ``abrupt drop in speed'' would
increase manufacturer burden. (NEMA, No. 84 at pp. 3-5) No other
comments were received in regard to this issue.
In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE did not intend to suggest that it would
require manufacturers to test or report the value of breakdown torque
used to establish the rated output power of a small electric motor.
Rather, the intent of defining ``breakdown torque,'' through reference
to the industry standard NEMA MG 1-2016, was to in turn define ``rated
output power'' for the purpose of measuring average full-load
efficiency. As noted previously, NEMA responded to the April 2019 NOPR
by explaining that NEMA MG 1-2016 Part 1.40 already states the output
rating of a machine shall consist of the output power. (NEMA, No. 84 at
p. 3-4) As indicated by its inclusion in NEMA MG 1-2016, the breakdown
torque method is commonly used by industry for determining rated output
power. Defining rated output power based on NEMA MG 1-2016 provides
additional detail that allows for the accurate comparison of small
electric motors.
Therefore, in this final rule, DOE defines ``rated output power''
as, the mechanical output power that corresponds to the small electric
motor's
[[Page 14]]
breakdown torque as specified in NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 for single-
phase motors or 140 percent of the breakdown torque values specified in
NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 for polyphase motors. For purposes of this
definition, NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 can be applied to all small
electric motors, regardless of whether elements of NEMA MG 1-2016 Table
10-5 are identified as for small or medium motors.
DOE also is defining ``breakdown torque.'' Consistent with the
proposed definition, DOE is defining ``breakdown torque,'' in part, as
``the maximum torque that the motor will develop with rated voltage and
frequency applied without an abrupt drop in speed.'' As previously
noted, the phrase ``abrupt drop in speed'' references the intrinsic
behavior of motors, in which a motor will slow down or stall if the
load applied to the motor exceeds the breakdown torque, and indicates
that minor reductions in speed observed due to measurement
sensitivities are not considered. To provide additional specification
for determining breakdown torque based on the physical attributes of a
small electric motor, DOE is also including in the definition that the
breakdown torque of a motor is the local maximum of the torque-speed
plot of the motor, closest to the synchronous speed of the motor.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ The synchronous speed of a motor is calculated as follows:
120 x f / p where f is the frequency at which the motor is operating
and p is the number of poles of the motor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Both the April 2019 NOPR and NEMA's comments explained that on a
torque-speed plot, the breakdown torque is the local maximum torque in
the region of the plot characterized through reference to the rated
torque. The relevant region of the plot can also be characterized
through reference to the synchronous speed. The local maximum of the
torque-speed plot in the region characterized by the rated torque is
the same value as the local maximum of the torque-speed plot in the
region characterized by the synchronous speed. DOE is providing
additional detail to define breakdown torque using the synchronous
speed, as it is a physical attribute of the motor rather than rated
torque, which is a manufacturer declared value.
For the reasons discussed in the preceding paragraphs, DOE is
defining ``breakdown torque'' as the maximum torque that the motor will
develop with rated voltage and frequency applied without an abrupt drop
in speed. The breakdown torque is the local maximum of the torque-speed
plot of the motor, closest to the synchronous speed of the motor,
determined in accordance with NEMA MG 1-2016.
D. Rated Values Specified for Testing Small Electric Motors
DOE notes that the definition of average full-load efficiency at 10
CFR 431.442 specifies that it is determined when the motor operates at
the rated frequency, rated load, and rated voltage. Additionally,
industry standards refer to these rated values, which are expected to
be known or provided (e.g., on the nameplate). However, ``rated
frequency,'' ``rated load,'' and ``rated voltage'' are not defined. To
provide additional specificity regarding these terms, in the April 2019
NOPR, DOE proposed to define them to further ensure the comparability
of results between motors, and to better ensure reproducible testing
for all equipment. 84 FR 17004, 17017-17018. In this final rule, DOE is
amending 10 CFR 431.442 to establish definitions for ``rated
frequency,'' ``rated load,'' and ``rated voltage,'' as discussed in the
following sections.
1. Rated Frequency
The test procedures and energy conservation standards established
under EPCA apply to those regulated motors that are distributed in
commerce within the United States. Within the United States,
electricity is supplied at 60 hertz (``Hz''); in other regions of the
world, electricity is supplied at 50 Hz. Small electric motors could be
designed to operate at frequencies in addition to 60 Hz (e.g., motors
designed to operate at either 60 or 50 Hz). Therefore, it could be
unclear at which frequency the test should be performed. DOE proposed
to amend the small electric motor test procedure at 10 CFR 431.442 by
defining the term ``rated frequency'' as ``60 hertz.'' See 84 FR 17004,
17017.
NEMA commented that explicitly stating that rated frequency is 60
Hz would be beneficial in the case of a motor marked as 60/50 hertz.
(NEMA, No. 84 at p. 4) The CA IOUs supported DOE's proposal that all
tests be performed using a rated frequency of 60 Hz. (CA IOUs, No. 86
at p. 3) The Efficiency Advocates supported DOE's proposal to specify
that all small electric motor tests be performed using a rated
frequency of 60 Hz to remove ambiguity in the test procedure and to
ensure that the test procedure reflects the operating frequency in the
U.S. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at p. 2) DOE did not receive any
comments opposing the proposed definition.
DOE notes that 60 Hz as the tested input frequency matches the
frequency experienced by the motor when installed in the field. In
addition, commenters also recommended DOE require testing at a rated
frequency of 60 Hz, as noted. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE is
amending 10 CFR 431.442 to establish a definition of ``rated
frequency'' as ``60 hertz.''
2. Rated Load
``Rated load'' \24\ is a term used in industry standards to specify
a loading point for motor testing (e.g., sections 5.6 and 6.1 in IEEE
112-2004, and section 8.2.1 in IEEE 114-2010). Typically, a rated load
represents a power output expected from the motor (e.g., a horsepower
value on the nameplate). The rated load will have a corresponding rated
speed and rated torque. In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to amend
10 CFR 431.442 by defining ``rated load'' as ``the rated output power
of a small electric motor'' (see section III.C for definition of rated
output power). 84 FR 17004, 17017. DOE also proposed that the rated
output power (given on the motor nameplate) be used for any reference
to rated load, full rated load, rated full-load, or full-load in an
industry standard used for testing small electric motors. Id
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ Also referred to as ``rated full-load,'' ``full rated
load,'' or ``full-load'' interchangeably.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Efficiency Advocates supported DOE's proposed definition for
rated load, commenting that this specification will help ensure that
test procedures are applied consistently. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 87
at p. 2) The CA IOUs supported the definition for ``rated load'' for
small electric motors based on NEMA MG 1-2016. (CA IOUs, No. 86 at p.
3) NEMA commented that qualifying that the rated output power stamped
on the name plate of a small motor is equivalent to rated load, full
rated load, rated full load or full-load in an industry standard is
beneficial and eliminates questions regarding interpretation. (NEMA,
No. 84 at p. 4)
Providing a definition for ``rated load'' further ensures the
comparability of results between motors, and better ensures
reproducible testing. In addition, qualifying that the rated output
power is equivalent to rated load, rated full-load, full rated load, or
full-load in an industry standard used for testing small electric
motors removes any confusion on the interpretation of terms. Commenters
also supported clarifying the term ``rated load.'' Accordingly,
consistent with its proposal, DOE is amending 10 CFR 431.442 to
establish a definition of ``rated load'' as ``the rated output power of
a small electric motor.''
[[Page 15]]
3. Rated Voltage
Industry testing standards use ``rated voltage'' to specify the
voltage supplied to the motor under test (e.g., section 6.1 in IEEE
112-2004, section 6.1 in IEEE 112-2017, and section 3 in IEEE 114-
2010). The industry test procedures incorporated into DOE's regulations
permit manufacturers to select the input voltage for testing. DOE
proposed to continue to permit small electric motors to be tested at
the nameplate voltage \25\ value selected by the manufacturer and to
define ``rated voltage'' at 10 CFR 431.442 as ``the input voltage of a
small electric motor selected by the motor's manufacturer to be used
for testing the motor's efficiency.'' 84 FR 17004, 17017-17018.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ The April 2019 NOPR used the term ``nameplate voltage'' but
DOE does not require that a nameplate be affixed to small electric
motors. ``Nameplate voltage'' was used generally to describe
representations made by a manufacturer either on a nameplate affixed
to the unit or in equipment literature provided by the manufacturer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In response to the April 2019 NOPR, the Efficiency Advocates
commented that small electric motors should be tested at all nameplate
voltages \26\ and were concerned that allowing the manufacturer to
select the voltage for testing will result in inconsistent ratings
across products and will allow for gaming of the test procedure because
of the fact that efficiency can vary with input voltage. The Efficiency
Advocates suggested that DOE require that small electric motors be
tested at all nameplate voltages and meet the minimum efficiency
standards at all nameplate voltages. (Efficiency Advocates, No. 87 at
p. 3) The CA IOUs opposed allowing motor manufacturers to select the
voltage to be used when testing small electric motors, asserting that
this creates uncertainty for consumers as to the motor's energy
performance in the field. Instead, they recommended a prescribed
voltage in the test procedure or that the motor be tested at all
voltages listed on the motor nameplate, and that, if the motor is
tested at multiple voltages, an efficiency level for each tested
voltage should be listed on the nameplate. (CA IOUs, No. 86 at p. 3-4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ As discussed previously, DOE does not require that a
nameplate be affixed to small electric motors. DOE understands the
commenter to be referring to representations made by a manufacturer
either on a nameplate affixed to the unit or in equipment literature
provided by the manufacturer. It is in this context that DOE uses
the term ``nameplate'' in this document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the March 2010 final rule, DOE noted that the industry test
procedures incorporated into DOE's regulations permit manufacturers to
select the input voltage for testing. 75 FR 10874, 10892. In the April
2019 NOPR, DOE proposed to maintain the practice of permitting small
electric motors to be tested at any nameplate voltage value and to
specify this flexibility by defining the term ``rated voltage'' at 10
CFR 431.442 as referring to the input voltage of a small electric motor
selected by the motor's manufacturer to be used for testing the motor's
efficiency. 84 FR 17004, 17081.
DOE is adopting the proposed definition of ``rated voltage'' with
additional clarification. In the April 2019 NOPR, DOE stated that the
proposed definition of ``rated voltage'' would allow small electric
motors to be tested at any nameplate voltage value. Id. As noted, DOE
does not require a nameplate to be affixed to a small electric motor.
To properly describe the voltages from which the voltage is selected
for testing, DOE is specifying that the selected input voltage must be
one of the voltages used by the manufacturer for making representations
of the small electric motor performance (i.e., a represented input
voltage). Specifically, DOE is defining ``rated voltage'' as ``the
input voltage of a small electric motor used when making
representations of the performance characteristics of a given small
electric motor and selected by the motor's manufacturer to be used for
testing the motor's efficiency.'' Based on DOE's experience in
reviewing manufacturer reports and literature, the additional
description reflects manufacturer practice (i.e., small electric motors
are tested at one of the voltages at which manufacturer representations
are made). The additional language also avoids any potential confusion
as to the input voltage required for testing.
DOE is not requiring a specific input voltage for testing. As
discussed in the April 2019 NOPR, NEMA previously indicated that the
input voltage setting can affect efficiency, noting that, if DOE were
to require motors to comply with testing performed at the input voltage
that resulted in the lowest level of efficiency, manufacturers would be
forced to redesign these motors, since at least some motors would be
out of compliance at voltages not currently selected for certification.
84 FR 17004, 17017-17018. In its prior comment, NEMA explained that
these redesign efforts would result in larger motors to accommodate the
additional active material required to create a compliant motor and
could result in the use of larger frame sizes, which would create
utility problems for end users of the motors. (NEMA, EERE-2014-BT-CE-
0019, No. 10 at p. 10) While the selection of the input voltage for
testing may affect the measured efficiency, DOE does not have data to
fully characterize any such impact.
Moreover, EPCA requires that the test procedures shall be
reasonably designed to produce test results which reflect energy
efficiency of small electric motors during a representative average use
cycle and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6314(a)(1) and (2)) DOE does not have data to indicate that a
represented input voltage selected by a manufacturer is inappropriately
representative of the average use of that small electric motor as
compared to a different represented input voltage. Commenters did not
provide data to indicate that the represented values being selected by
manufacturers are not representative of average use. Therefore, DOE is
maintaining the current test procedure direction allowing manufacturers
to select the input voltage for testing.
E. Effective and Compliance Date
The effective date (i.e., the date the final rule is legally
operative after being published in the Federal Register) for the
adopted test procedure amendments will be 30 days after publication of
this final rule in the Federal Register. See 10 CFR part 430, subpart
C, appendix A, section 12(b) and 10 CFR 431.4 (applying 10 CFR part
430, subpart C, appendix A to commercial/industrial equipment). The
compliance date (the specific date when manufacturers are required to
use the amended test procedures requirements to make representations
concerning the energy efficiency or use of a small electric motor and
electric motor, including certification that the covered equipment
meets an applicable energy conservation standard) is 180 days after the
date of publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. See id.
at section 12(c).
EPCA prescribes that all representations of energy efficiency and
energy use, including those made on marketing materials and product
labels, must be made in accordance with an amended test procedure,
beginning 180 days after publication of the final rule in the Federal
Register. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(1)) EPCA also provides an allowance for
individual manufacturers of consumer products to petition DOE for an
extension of the 180-day period if the manufacturer may experience
undue hardship in meeting the deadline. (42 U.S.C. 6314(d)(2)). To
receive such an extension, petitions must be filed with DOE no later
than 60 days before the end of the 180-day period and must detail how
the
[[Page 16]]
manufacturer will experience undue hardship. (Id.)
F. Test Procedure Costs and Impacts
EPCA requires that test procedures prescribed by DOE not be unduly
burdensome to conduct. 42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(2). DOE is amending (1) the
existing test procedure for small electric motors by clarifying the
existing scope and testing instructions, updating the reference to
industry standard IEEE 112 to reference the 2017 version in place of
the 2014 version, and permitting the use of IEC 60034-2-1:2014 as an
additional alternative test procedure; and (2) the existing test
procedure for electric motors by permitting the use of IEC 60034-2-
1:2014 as an additional alternative and equivalent test procedure. DOE
has determined that the test procedures as amended by this final rule
will not be unduly burdensome for manufacturers to conduct and instead
will reduce test burden for manufacturers.
This final rule will result in a net cost savings to manufacturers,
as summarized in Table III-1 and Table III-2.
Table III-1--Summary of Cost Impacts for Small Electric Motors and
Electric Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value Discount rate
Category (million 2016$) (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Savings:
Reduction in Future Testing 0.2 3
Costs for Small Electric 0.1 7
Motors........................
Reduction in Future Testing 3.7 3
Costs for Electric Motors..... 1.4 7
Total Net Cost Impact:
------------------------------------
Total Net Cost Impact.......... (4.0) 3
(1.5) 7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table III-2--Summary of Annualized Cost Impacts for Small Electric
Motors and Electric Motors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized value Discount rate
Category (thousand 2016$) (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized Cost Savings:
Reduction in Future Testing 7 3
Costs for Small Electric 6 7
Motors........................
Reduction in Future Testing 112 3
Costs for Electric Motors..... 100 7
Total Net Annualized Cost Impact:
------------------------------------
Total Net Cost Impact.......... (119) 3
(106) 7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Further discussion of the analyses of the cost impact of the test
procedure amendments is presented in the following paragraphs.
1. Cost Impacts for Small Electric Motors
The clarifications of the existing scope and test instructions will
not impose any new requirements on manufacturers of regulated small
electric motors. Instead, this final rule will provide manufacturers
with greater certainty in the conduct of the test procedures, offer
additional equivalent testing options, and do not increase test burden.
Reference to IEEE 112-2017 in place of IEEE 112-2004 will not increase
test burden or require new testing. As discussed, results under the
2017 version of IEEE 112 are equivalent to results from testing under
the 2004 version. Manufacturers will be able to rely on data generated
under the current test procedure. Additionally, the incorporation of
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 as an additional alternative test procedure further
harmonizes DOE's test procedures with current industry practice and
international standards. Permitting manufacturers to test according to
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 enables manufacturers who use IEC 60034-2-1:2014 for
business purposes (for international markets), or to comply with
regulatory requirements in other countries, to reduce the number of
tests that they must perform by removing the need to conduct a test
according to the CSA or IEEE methods \27\ currently referenced in DOE's
test procedure for small electric motors. As described in section
III.B.2, NEMA and UL petitioned that certain portions of IEC test
procedure 60034-2-1:2014 be adopted as a permitted alternative test
method for small electric motors and electric motors. UL further noted
in its petition the increasing use of the IEC test procedure 60034-2-
1:2014 by the industry worldwide.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ CSA 747-09, CSA 390-10, IEEE 112-2017 (per the amended
reference under this final rule), or IEEE 114-2010 depending on the
category of small electric motor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recognizing that some, but not all, manufacturers already test
their motors using IEC 60034-2-1:2014, DOE (as explained later in this
section) assumed that 10 percent \28\ of small electric motor models
sold in the U.S. that are tested with either the CSA or IEEE methods
referenced in the Federal test procedure are also tested with the IEC
60034-2-1 method.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ NEMA and UL did not provide quantitative information
regarding the number of small electric motors that are tested with
either the CSA method or the IEEE method, and the IEC method,
although NEMA commented that this is an increasing trend. Based on a
review of the market, only a small fraction of motors are designed
for operation on 50 Hz and 60 Hz power (indicating they are suitable
for sale in both the U.S. and foreign markets), or use NEMA and IEC
units of measure (hp vs. kW) and other designators. As noted, the
U.S. electrical grid is operated at 60 Hz, while many other
countries and regions (e.g., Europe) operate at 50 Hz.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To calculate the testing cost reduction associated with allowing
the IEC 60034-2-1:2014 method for testing small electric motors, DOE
estimated the number of motor models that would not have to be tested
to both the amended DOE test procedure and the IEC test
[[Page 17]]
method when brought to market. First, DOE reviewed the product catalogs
of four major small electric motor manufacturers published over a
seven-year period.\29\ DOE compared the current product offerings to
the historical catalogs to identify the total number of new models
listed over that period of time.\30\ DOE then annualized that total
number of new models.\31\ Next, DOE scaled up that annualized value
based on the estimated market share of the manufacturers whose catalogs
were reviewed. This scaled-up annualized value estimated the total
number of new models listed for sale each year for the entire U.S.
market.\32\ Then, DOE estimated that 10 percent of new models would be
tested each year.\33\ DOE made this estimate based on (1) knowledge
that many motor models are grouped under a single basic model
classification (and therefore each individual model would not need to
be tested), (2) observations that only a fraction of electric motor
basic models are tested (the remainder have efficiency determined
through an alternative efficiency determination method [``AEDM'']), and
(3) recognition that many motor models may have been relabeled or
rebranded but not redesigned (and therefore no new testing is needed).
Finally, DOE assumed that 10 percent of small electric motor models
sold in the U.S. that are tested with either the CSA or IEEE methods
referenced in the Federal test procedure are also tested with the IEC
60034-2-1 method. Based on these calculations, DOE determined that
approximately 1 new small electric motor basic model per year (i.e., 10
percent of 13) that already would be tested with the IEC 60034-2-1
method would no longer have to conduct an additional test to comply
with DOE's amended test procedure when introduced into the U.S market
and therefore would realize costs savings due to the test procedure
amendments.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ The seven-year period for which DOE reviewed product
catalogs was from 2009 to 2016. DOE expects this approach will also
be representative of the market from 2016 to the present. DOE did
not receive comment on this approach following the publication of
the April 2019 NOPR.
\30\ DOE identified 598 small electric motor models introduced
into the U.S. market by these four manufacturers during the period
2009-2016.
\31\ Based on this count, DOE estimates that these four small
electric motor manufacturers collectively introduced approximately
85 small electric motor models into the U.S. market each year.
\32\ This scaled-up calculation yielded a value of 128 small
electric motor models introduced each year for the entire U.S.
market, as DOE assumed these four small electric motor manufacturers
represented approximately 67 percent of the entire U.S. market.
\33\ DOE estimates that approximately 13 new small electric
motor models are tested each year.
\34\ This yields an estimate of 1.28, since DOE estimates 10
percent of the 12.8 new small electric motor models introduced each
year are already tested with the IEC 60034-2-1 method.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE estimated the cost of testing a single small electric motor
unit to be $2,000 at a third-party facility and approximately $500 at
an in-house facility.\35\ DOE requires at least five units to be tested
per basic model. 10 CFR 431.445(c)(2) To estimate in-house testing
costs, DOE assumed testing a single motor unit requires approximately
nine hours of a mechanical engineer technician time and three hours
from a mechanical engineer. The mean hourly wage for a mechanical
engineer technician is $28.00 and the total hourly compensation paid by
the employer (including all fringe benefits) is $36.25.\36\ The mean
hourly wage for a mechanical engineer is $44.62 and the total hourly
compensation paid by the employer (including all fringe benefits) is
$57.76.\37\ In addition, DOE assumed that 50 percent of tests are
conducted at third-party facilities and 50 percent of tests are
conducted at in-house facilities. Based on these estimates, DOE
anticipates annual cost savings of approximately $8,000 for the small
electric motors industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ Estimate based on standard rates charged by third party
laboratories.
\36\ See Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and
Wages, 17-3027 Mechanical Engineer Technician, May 2018. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2018/may/oes173027.htm. Last accessed February 20,
2020. United States Census Bureau, Annual Survey of Manufacturers,
2016 for NAICS Code 335312 ``Motor and Generator Manufacturing''.
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2016/econ/asm/2016-asm.html. Last
accessed February 20, 2020.
\37\ See Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and
Wages, 17-2141 Mechanical Engineer, May 2018. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2018/may/oes172141.htm. Last accessed February 20, 2020.
United States Census Bureau, Annual Survey of Manufacturers,
2016 for NAICS Code 335312 ``Motor and Generator Manufacturing''.
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2016/econ/asm/2016-asm.html. Last
accessed February 20, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Cost Impacts for Electric Motors
Regarding electric motors, DOE is not amending the scope of
applicability of the test procedure at Appendix B. Consistent with the
small electric motors analysis, the incorporation of IEC 60034-2-1:2014
in this test procedure provides manufacturers additional flexibility by
permitting an alternative and equivalent test procedure for measuring
energy loss and would further harmonize DOE's test procedures with
current industry practice and international standards. DOE expects
that, for those manufacturers who are already using IEC 60034-2-1:2014,
this change will reduce the number of tests that manufacturers perform
by avoiding the need to conduct a test according to the CSA or IEEE
methods \38\ currently referenced in DOE's test procedure.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\38\ CSA 390-10 or IEEE 112-2017 (per the amended reference
under this final rule) depending on the category of electric motor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To calculate the testing cost reduction associated with allowing
the IEC 60034-2-1:2014 method for testing electric motors, DOE employed
a similar methodology to the small electric motors analysis and
estimated the number of electric motor models that would not have to
test to both the amended DOE test procedure and the IEC test method
when brought to market. First, DOE reviewed the product catalogs of
four major electric motor manufacturers published over a six-year
period.\39\ DOE compared the current product offerings to the
historical catalogs to identify the total number of new models listed
over that period of time.\40\ DOE then annualized that total number of
new models.\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\39\ The six-year period for which DOE reviewed product catalogs
was from 2010 to 2016. DOE expects this approach will also be
representative of the market from 2016 to the present. DOE did not
receive comment on this approach following the publication of the
April 2019 NOPR.
\40\ DOE identified 8,110 electric motor models introduced into
the U.S. market by these four manufacturers during the period 2010-
2016.
\41\ Based on this count, DOE estimates that these four electric
motor manufacturers collectively introduced approximately 1,352
electric motor models into the U.S. market each year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Next, DOE scaled up that annualized value based on the estimated
market share of the manufacturers whose catalogs were reviewed. This
scaled-up annualized value estimated the total number of new models
listed for sale each year for the entire U.S. market.\42\ Then, DOE
estimated that only 10 percent of new models would be tested each
year.\43\ DOE made this estimate based on (1) knowledge that many motor
models are grouped under a single basic model classification (and
therefore each individual model would not need to be tested), (2)
observations that only a fraction of electric motor basic models are
tested (the remainder have efficiency determined through an AEDM), and
(3) recognition that many motor models that may have been relabeled or
rebranded but not redesigned (and therefore no new
[[Page 18]]
testing is needed). Similar to what was done for small electric motors,
DOE assumed that 10 percent of electric motor models sold in the U.S.
that are tested with either the CSA or IEEE methods referenced in the
Federal test procedure are also tested with the IEC 60034-2-1 method.
Based on these calculations, DOE determined that approximately 20 new
electric motor basic models per year (i.e., 10 percent of 203) that
already would be tested with the IEC 60034-2-1 method would no longer
have to conduct an additional test to comply with DOE's amended test
procedure when introduced into the U.S market and therefore would
realize costs savings due to the test procedure amendments.\44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ This scaled-up calculation yielded a value of 2,028
electric motor models introduced each year for the entire U.S.
market, as DOE assumed these four electric motor manufacturers
represented approximately 67 percent of the entire U.S. market.
\43\ DOE estimates that approximately 203 new electric motor
models are tested each year.
\44\ This yields an estimate of 20.28, since DOE estimates 10
percent of the 202.8 new electric motor models introduced each year
are already tested with the IEC 60034-2-1 method.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE estimated the cost of testing a single electric motor unit to
be $2,000 at a third-party facility and approximately $500 at an in-
house facility. DOE requires at least five units to be tested per basic
model. 10 CFR 431.17(b)(2) In addition, based on DOE's understanding
that this equipment is tested both in-house and at third-party testing
labs, DOE assumed an even split in testing between the two venues.
Based on these estimates, DOE anticipates annual industry cost savings
of approximately $127,000 for electric motors that are currently
subject to the standards at 10 CFR 431.25.
3. Additional Amendments
The remainder of the amendments adopted in this final rule will not
impact test costs. The other amendments adopted in this final rule
include new definitions for ``rated load,'' ``rated output power,''
``breakdown torque,'' ``rated frequency,'' and ``rated voltage''. The
addition of these definitions will improve test procedure
repeatability. Furthermore, the definitions reflect current industry
practice, and therefore do not impose any new requirements on
manufacturers of regulated small electric motors and electric motors.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that
this test procedure rulemaking does not constitute a ``significant
regulatory action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order (``E.O.'')
12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
Accordingly, this action was not subject to review under the Executive
Order by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in
OMB.
B. Review Under Executive Orders 13771 and 13777
On January 30, 2017, the President issued E.O. 13771, ``Reducing
Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs.'' See 82 FR 9339 (Feb. 3,
2017). E.O. 13771 stated the policy of the executive branch is to be
prudent and financially responsible in the expenditure of funds, from
both public and private sources. E.O. 13771 stated it is essential to
manage the costs associated with the governmental imposition of private
expenditures required to comply with Federal regulations.
Additionally, on February 24, 2017, the President issued E.O.
13777, ``Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda.'' 82 FR 12285 (March
1, 2017). E.O. 13777 required the head of each agency designate an
agency official as its Regulatory Reform Officer (``RRO''). Each RRO
oversees the implementation of regulatory reform initiatives and
policies to ensure that agencies effectively carry out regulatory
reforms, consistent with applicable law. Further, E.O. 13777 requires
the establishment of a regulatory task force at each agency. The
regulatory task force is required to make recommendations to the agency
head regarding the repeal, replacement, or modification of existing
regulations, consistent with applicable law. At a minimum, each
regulatory reform task force must attempt to identify regulations that:
(1) Eliminate jobs, or inhibit job creation;
(2) Are outdated, unnecessary, or ineffective;
(3) Impose costs that exceed benefits;
(4) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with
regulatory reform initiatives and policies;
(5) Are inconsistent with the requirements of the Information
Quality Act, or the guidance issued pursuant to that Act, in particular
those regulations that rely in whole or in part on data, information,
or methods that are not publicly available or that are insufficiently
transparent to meet the standard for reproducibility; or
(6) Derive from or implement Executive Orders or other Presidential
directives that have been subsequently rescinded or substantially
modified.
DOE concludes that this rulemaking is consistent with the
directives set forth in these executive orders. This final rule is
estimated to result in a cost savings. The final rule yields annualized
cost savings of approximately $106,000 using a perpetual time horizon
discounted to 2016 at a 7 percent discount rate. Therefore, this final
rule is an E.O. 13771 deregulatory action.
C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of a final regulatory flexibility analysis (``FRFA'') for
any final rule where the agency was first required by law to publish a
rule for public comment, unless the agency certifies that the rule, if
promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As required by E.O. 13272,
``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR
53461 (Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published procedures and policies on
February 19, 2003 to ensure that the potential impacts of its rules on
small entities are properly considered during the DOE rulemaking
process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available
on the Office of the General Counsel's website: https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel.
These amendments would neither expand the scope of test procedure
applicability to small electric motors beyond those currently subject
to test procedures, nor would it place additional requirements on those
small electric motors currently subject to DOE's test procedures.
Furthermore, this proposal would not place any additional requirements
on those electric motors that are already subject to DOE's test
procedures, nor would it require manufacturers to retest existing
electric motors. Accordingly, manufacturers would not be required under
this rule to retest any existing small electric motors or electric
motors already subject to DOE's test procedures.
These amendments would also not increase testing costs nor would it
impose any additional testing burden on any manufacturers, including
all small businesses. Therefore, DOE concludes that the cost effects
accruing from this rule would not have a ``significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities,'' and that the preparation
of a FRFA is not warranted. DOE has submitted a certification and
supporting statement of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy
of the Small Business Administration for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
[[Page 19]]
D. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of electric motors must certify to DOE that their
equipment comply with any applicable energy conservation standards. To
certify compliance, manufacturers must first obtain test data for their
equipment according to the DOE test procedures, including any
amendments adopted for those test procedures. DOE has established
regulations for the certification and recordkeeping requirements for
all covered consumer products and industrial equipment, including
electric motors. (See generally 10 CFR part 431.) The collection-of-
information requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(``PRA''). This requirement has been approved by OMB under OMB control
number 1910-1400. Public reporting burden for the certification is
estimated to average 35 hours per response, including the time for
reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information.
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
E. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
(``NEPA''), DOE has analyzed this action in accordance with NEPA and
DOE's NEPA implementing regulations (10 CFR part 1021). DOE has
determined that this rule qualifies for categorical exclusion (``CX'')
under 10 CFR part 1021, subpart D, Appendix A5 because it is an
interpretive rulemaking that does not change the environmental effect
of the rule and meets the requirements for application of a CX. See 10
CFR 1021.410. Therefore, DOE has determined that promulgation of this
rule is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality
of the human environment within the meaning of NEPA, and does not
require an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement.
F. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 10, 1999),
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have Federalism
implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have Federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE examined this final rule and determined
that it will not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for the products that are the
subject of this final rule. States can petition DOE for exemption from
such preemption to the extent, and based on criteria, set forth in
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is required by E.O. 13132.
G. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of E.O. 12988, ``Civil Justice
Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal agencies the
general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1) Eliminate
drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to minimize
litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct
rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification and
burden reduction. Section 3(b) of E.O. 12988 specifically requires that
Executive agencies make every reasonable effort to ensure that the
regulation (1) clearly specifies the preemptive effect, if any; (2)
clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal law or regulation; (3)
provides a clear legal standard for affected conduct while promoting
simplification and burden reduction; (4) specifies the retroactive
effect, if any; (5) adequately defines key terms; and (6) addresses
other important issues affecting clarity and general draftsmanship
under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) of
E.O. 12988 requires Executive agencies to review regulations in light
of applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether
they are met or it is unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has
completed the required review and determined that, to the extent
permitted by law, this final rule meets the relevant standards of E.O.
12988.
H. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (``UMRA'')
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a regulatory action resulting in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year
(adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at https://energy.gov/gc/office-general-counsel. DOE examined this final
rule according to UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that
the rule contains neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate
that may result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year,
so these requirements do not apply.
I. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
This final rule will not have any impact on the autonomy or integrity
of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has concluded that it
is not necessary to
[[Page 20]]
prepare a Family Policymaking Assessment.
J. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under E.O. 12630, ``Governmental Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights'' 53 FR
8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation will not result in any
takings that might require compensation under the Fifth Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution.
K. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed this final rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
L. Review Under Executive Order 13211
E.O. 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly
Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355 (May 22,
2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB, a
Statement of Energy Effects for any significant energy action. A
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that (1) is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any significant energy action, the
agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on energy
supply, distribution, or use if the regulation is implemented, and of
reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
This regulatory action is not a significant regulatory action under
E.O. 12866. Moreover, it would not have a significant adverse effect on
the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has it been designated
as a significant energy action by the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore,
it is not a significant energy action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
M. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788;
``FEAA'') Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where
a rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice
of rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of such
standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with the
Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
(``FTC'') concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards
on competition.
The modifications to the test procedure for small electric motors
and electric motors adopted in this final rule incorporate certain
testing methods contained of the following commercial standards: ``IEC
60034-2-1:2014, Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-1: Standard
methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles);'' IEC 60034-1:2010, ``Rotating
electric machines--Part 1: Rating and performance;'' IEC 60051-1:2016,
``Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments
and their accessories--Part 1: Definitions and general requirements
common to all parts;'' ``IEEE 112-2017, IEEE Standard Test Procedure
for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators;'' and NEMA MG 1-2016
Motors and Generators. DOE has evaluated these standards and is unable
to conclude whether they fully comply with the requirements of section
32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether they were developed in a manner that
fully provides for public participation, comment, and review.) DOE has
consulted with both the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC
about the impact on competition of using the methods contained in these
standards and has received no comments objecting to their use.
N. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of this rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
O. Description of Materials Incorporated by Reference
In this final rule, DOE incorporates by reference standards
published by IEC, IEEE and NEMA. The IEC standard, titled ``IEC 60034-
2-1:2014 Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for
traction vehicles),'' is an alternative industry standard to those
currently incorporated by reference (IEEE 112-2004, IEEE 114-2010, CSA
C747-09, and CSA C390-10) for measurement of small electric motor
efficiency and electric motor efficiency (See section III.B for more
details).
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 establishes methods of determining efficiencies
from tests and to specify methods of obtaining specific losses. In
addition, DOE incorporates by reference two additional IEC standards,
titled ``IEC 60034-1:2010, Rotating electrical machines--Part 1: Rating
and performance'' and ``IEC 60051-1:2016, Direct acting indicating
analogue measuring instruments and their accessories--Part 1:
Definitions and general requirements common to all parts.'' IEC 60034-
1:2010 and IEC 60051-1:2016 specify test conditions and procedures that
are required for application of the test methods for measurement of
energy efficiency established in IEC 60034-2-1:2014.
The IEEE standard, titled ``IEEE 112-2017, Test Procedure for
Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators'' establishes methods of
measurement for current and frequency for both small electric motors
and electric motors. DOE incorporates IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A and
Test Method B as an update to the industry test methods that are
currently incorporated by reference from IEEE 112-2004 (See section
III.B for more details). Such action will harmonize the permitted test
methods under subparts X (for small electric motors) and B (for
electric motors) of 10 CFR part 431 and align measurement and
instrumentation requirements with industry practice.
The NEMA standard, titled ``NEMA MG 1-2016 Motors and Generators''
establishes industry definitions for breakdown torque of small electric
motors (See section III.C for more details).
In summary, DOE incorporates by reference the following standards:
(1) IEC 60034-2-1:2014, ``Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-1:
Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction vehicles)''.
[[Page 21]]
(2) IEC 60034-1:2010, ``Rotating electric machines--Part 1: Rating
and performance''.
(3) IEC 60051-1:2016, ``Direct acting indicating analogue
electrical measuring instruments and their accessories--Part 1:
Definitions and general requirements common to all parts''.
(4) IEEE 112-2017, ``IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase
Induction Motors and Generators''.
(5) NEMA MG 1-2016, ``Motors and Generators''.
Copies of these standards can be obtained from the organizations
directly at the following addresses:
IEC, 3 rue de Varemb[eacute], 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131,
CH--1211 Geneva 20--Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or by visiting
https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-
1331, (732) 981-0060, or by visiting https://www.ieee.org.
NEMA, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington,
Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or by visiting https://www.nema.org.
IV. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this final
rule.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test procedures, Incorporation by
reference, and Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Signing Authority
This document of the Department of Energy was signed on December
11, 2020, by Daniel R Simmons, Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, pursuant to delegated authority from
the Secretary of Energy. That document with the original signature and
date is maintained by DOE. For administrative purposes only, and in
compliance with requirements of the Office of the Federal Register, the
undersigned DOE Federal Register Liaison Officer has been authorized to
sign and submit the document in electronic format for publication, as
an official document of the Department of Energy. This administrative
process in no way alters the legal effect of this document upon
publication in the Federal Register.
Signed in Washington, DC, on December 11, 2020.
Treena V. Garrett,
Federal Register Liaison Officer, U.S. Department of Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE is amending part 431 of
Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations as set forth as
follows:
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
0
1. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 431.12 is amended by revising the definition of
``Accreditation'' to read as follows:
Sec. 431.12 Definitions.
* * * * *
Accreditation means recognition by an accreditation body that a
laboratory is competent to test the efficiency of electric motors
according to the scope and procedures given in IEEE 112-2017 Test
Method B, CSA C390-10, or IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15).
* * * * *
0
3. Section 431.15 is amended by:
0
a. Throughout this section, removing the words ``subpart B of part
431'' and adding, in their place, ``this subpart''
0
b. Revising paragraph (a);
0
c. Redesignating paragraph (c)(4) as paragraph (c)(7) and paragraphs
(c)(2) and (3) as paragraphs (c)(4) and (5), respectively;
0
d. Adding new paragraphs (c)(2), (3), and (6); and
0
e. Revising paragraph (d)(1).
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Sec. 431.15 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) General. Certain material is incorporated by reference into
this subpart with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register
under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, the Department of Energy must
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be
available to the public. Standards can be obtained from the sources
below. All approved material is available for inspection at U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW,
Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, or go to https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/. It is also
available at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, email:
[email protected], or go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) IEC 60034-1, Edition 12.0 2010-02, (``IEC 60034-1:2010''),
Rotating Electrical Machines--Part 1: Rating and Performance, IBR
approved for appendix B to this subpart.
(3) IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014-06, (``IEC 60034-2-
1:2014''), Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for
traction vehicles), IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 431.12; 431.19; 431.20;
appendix B to this subpart.
* * * * *
(6) IEC 60051-1:2016, Edition 6.0 2016-02, (``IEC 60051-1:2016''),
Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and
their accessories--Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common
to all parts, IBR approved for appendix B to this subpart.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) IEEE 112\TM\-2017 (``IEEE 112-2017''), IEEE Standard Test
Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators, approved
December 6, 2017, IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 431.12; 431.19; 431.20;
appendix B to this subpart.
* * * * *
0
4. Section 431.19 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4)
to read as follows:
Sec. 431.19 Department of Energy recognition of accreditation
bodies.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content and application of the test
procedures and methodologies in IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, CSA C390-
10, or IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, (incorporated by reference,
see Sec. 431.15).
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in electric motor test procedures. The petition
should set forth the organization's experience with the test procedures
and methodologies in IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, CSA C390-10, or IEC
60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, (incorporated by
[[Page 22]]
reference, see Sec. 431.15). This part of the petition should include
items such as, but not limited to, a description of prior projects and
qualifications of staff members. Of particular relevance would be
documentary evidence that establishes experience in applying the
guidelines contained in the ISO/IEC Guide 25, General Requirements for
the Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories, (referenced for
guidance only, see Sec. 431.14) to energy efficiency testing for
electric motors.
* * * * *
0
5. Section 431.20 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(4)
to read as follows:
Sec. 431.20 Department of Energy recognition of nationally
recognized certification programs.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content and application of the test
procedures and methodologies in IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, CSA C390-
10, or IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, (incorporated by reference,
see Sec. 431.15). It must have satisfactory criteria and procedures
for the selection and sampling of electric motors tested for energy
efficiency.
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in electric motor test procedures. The petition
should set forth the program's experience with the test procedures and
methodologies in IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, CSA C390-10, or IEC
60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.15). This part of the petition should include items such as, but
not limited to, a description of prior projects and qualifications of
staff members. Of particular relevance would be documentary evidence
that establishes experience in applying guidelines contained in the
ISO/IEC Guide 25, General Requirements for the Competence of
Calibration and Testing Laboratories (referenced for guidance only, see
431.14) to energy efficiency testing for electric motors.
* * * * *
0
6. Appendix B to subpart B of part 431 is amended by:
0
a. Removing the introductory note;
0
b. Adding Section 0;
0
c. Revising Section 2;
0
d. Removing Section 3;
0
e. Redesignating Sections 4, 4.1,4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8
as Sections 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8 respectively;
0
f. Revising newly redesignated Section 3; and
0
g. In newly redesignated Section 3.8, remove ``IEEE 112 (Test Method
B)'' at each occurrence and add in its place, ``IEEE 112-2017 Test
Method B.''
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 431--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
Nominal Full Load Efficiency of Electric Motors
0. Incorporation by Reference
(a) In Sec. 431.15, DOE incorporated by reference the entire
standard for CSA C390-10, IEC 60034-1:2010, IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC
60051-1:2016, and IEEE 112-2017; however, only enumerated provisions
of those documents are applicable as follows:
(i) CSA C390-10:
(1) Section 1.3 ``Scope,'' as specified in section 2(1) of this
appendix;
(2) Section 3.1 ``Definitions,'' as specified in section 2(1) of
this appendix;
(3) Section 5 ``General test requirements--Measurements,'' as
specified in section 2(1) of this appendix;
(4) Section 7 ``Test method,'' as specified in section 2(1) of
this appendix;
(5) Table 1 ``Resistance measurement time delay,'' as specified
in section 2(1) of this appendix;
(6) Annex B ``Linear regression analysis,'' as specified in
section 2(1) of this appendix; and
(7) Annex C ``Procedure for correction of dynamometer torque
readings'' as specified in section 2(1) of this appendix.
(ii) IEC 60034-1:2010:
(1) Section 7.2 as specified in section 2(2) of this appendix;
(2) Section 8.6.2.3.3 as specified in section 2(2) of this
appendix; and
(3) Table 5 as specified in section 2(2) of this appendix.
(iii) IEC 60034-2-1:2014:
(1) Method 2-1-1B as specified in section 2(2) and section 3, of
this appendix;
(2) Section 3 ``Terms and definitions'' as specified in section
2(2) of this appendix;
(3) Section 4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'' as specified in
section 2(2) of this appendix;
(4) Section 5 ``Basic requirements'' as specified in section
2(2) of this appendix; and
(5) Section 6.1.3 ``Method 2-1-1B--Summation of losses,
additional load losses according to the method of residual losses''
as specified in section 2(2) of this appendix.
(iv) IEEE 112-2017:
(1) Test Method B, Input-Output With Loss Segregation as
specified in section 2(3), section 3, and section 3.8 of this
appendix;
(2) Section 3 ``General'' as specified in section 2(3) of this
appendix;
(3) Section 4 ``Measurements'' as specified in section 2(3) of
this appendix;
(4) Section 5 ``Machine losses and tests for losses'' as
specified in section 2(3) of this appendix;
(5) Section 6.1 ``General'' as specified in section 2(3) of this
appendix;
(6) Section 6.4 ``Efficiency test method B--Input-output with
loss segregation'' as specified in section 2(3) of this appendix;
and
(7) Section 9.4 ``Form B--Method B'', and Section 9.5 ``Form
B2--Method B calculations'' as specified in section 2(3) of this
appendix.
(b) In Sec. 431.15, DOE incorporated by reference the following
enumerated provisions of NEMA MG 1-2009:
(i) Paragraph 12.58.1, ``Determination of Motor Efficiency and
Losses'' as specified in the introductory paragraph to section 2 of
this appendix, and
(ii) [Reserved]
(c) In cases where there is a conflict, the language of this
appendix takes precedence over those documents. Any subsequent
amendment to a referenced document by the standard-setting
organization will not affect the test procedure in this appendix,
unless and until the test procedure is amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and a notice
of any change in the material will be published in the Federal
Register.
* * * * *
2. Test Procedures
Efficiency and losses must be determined in accordance with NEMA
MG 1-2009 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15), paragraph
12.58.1, ``Determination of Motor Efficiency and Losses,'' and one
of the following testing methods:
(1) CSA C390-10 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15),
Section 1.3 ``Scope'', Section 3.1 ``Definitions'', Section 5
``General test requirements--Measurements'', Section 7 ``Test
method'', Table 1 ``Resistance measurement time delay'', Annex B
``Linear regression analysis'' and Annex C ``Procedure for
correction of dynamometer torque readings.''
(2) IEC 60034-2-1:2014 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.15), Method 2-1-1B, Section 3 ``Terms and definitions'', Section
4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'', Section 5 ``Basic requirements'',
Section 6.1.3 ``Method 2-1-1B--Summation of losses, additional load
losses according to the method of residual losses.'' The supply
voltage shall be in accordance with section 7.2 of IEC 60034-1:2010
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.15). The measured
resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be determined in a
similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in section
8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034-1:2010, using the shortest possible time
instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and
extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in
case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in
accordance with IEC 60051-1:2016 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.15), or
(3) IEEE 112-2017, (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.15), Test Method B, Input-Output With Loss Segregation, Section
3 ``General'', Section 4 ``Measurements'', Section 5 ``Machine
losses and tests for losses'', Section 6.1 ``General'', Section 6.4
``Efficiency test method B--Input-output with loss segregation'',
Section 9.4 ``Form B--Method B'', and Section 9.5 ``Form B2--Method
B calculations.''
3. Procedures for the Testing of Certain Electric Motor Types
Prior to testing according to CSA C390-10, IEC 60034-2-1:2014
Method 2-1-1B, or IEEE
[[Page 23]]
112-2017 Test Method B, each basic model of the electric motor types
listed below must be set up in accordance with the instructions of
this section to ensure consistent test results. These steps are
designed to enable a motor to be attached to a dynamometer and run
continuously for testing purposes. For the purposes of this
appendix, a ``standard bearing'' is a 6000 series, either open or
grease-lubricated double-shielded, single-row, deep groove, radial
ball bearing.
* * * * *
0
7. Section 431.442 is amended by adding, in alphabetical order,
definitions for ``Breakdown torque'', ``Rated frequency'', ``Rated
load'', ``Rated output power'', and ``Rated voltage'', to read as
follows:
Sec. 431.442 Definitions.
* * * * *
Breakdown torque means the maximum torque that the motor will
develop with rated voltage and frequency applied without an abrupt drop
in speed. The breakdown torque is the local maximum of the torque-speed
plot of the motor, closest to the synchronous speed of the motor,
determined in accordance with NEMA MG 1-2016 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 431.443).
* * * * *
Rated frequency means 60 hertz.
Rated load (or full load, full rated load, or rated full load)
means the rated output power of a small electric motor.
Rated output power means the mechanical output power that
corresponds to the small electric motor's breakdown torque as specified
in NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.443) for single-phase motors or 140 percent of the breakdown torque
values specified in NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 for polyphase motors. For
purposes of this definition, NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 is applied
regardless of whether elements of NEMA MG 1-2016 Table 10-5 are
identified as for small or medium motors.
Rated voltage means the input voltage of a small electric motor
used when making representations of the performance characteristics of
a given small electric motor and selected by the motor's manufacturer
to be used for testing the motor's efficiency.
* * * * *
0
8. Section 431.443 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (c) as (d);
0
c. Adding new paragraph (c);
0
d. Revising newly redesignated paragraph (d)(1); and
0
e. Adding paragraph (e).
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 431.443 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) General. Certain material is incorporated by reference into
subpart X of part 431 with the approval of the Director of the Federal
Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval, and a
notification of any change in the material will be published in the
Federal Register. Standards can be obtained from the sources below. All
approved material is available for inspection at U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington,
DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, or go to https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/. It is also available at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, email: [email protected], or
go to: www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
(c) IEC. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de
Varemb[eacute], 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH--1211 Geneva 20--
Switzerland, +41 22 919 02 11, or go to https://webstore.iec.ch/home.
(1) IEC 60034-1, Edition 12.0 2010-02, (``IEC 60034-1:2010''),
Rotating electrical machines--Part 1: Rating and performance, IBR
approved for Sec. Sec. 431.444.
(2) IEC 60034-2-1:2014, Edition 2.0 2014-06, (``IEC 60034-2-
1:2014''), Rotating electrical machines--Part 2-1: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for
traction vehicles), IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 431.444, and 431.447.
(3) IEC 60051-1:2016, Edition 6.0 2016-02, (``IEC 60051-1:2016),
Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and
their accessories--Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common
to all parts, IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 431.444.
(d) * * *
(1) IEEE 112\TM\-2017 (``IEEE 112-2017''), IEEE Standard Test
Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators, approved
December 6, 2017, IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 431.444, and 431.447.
* * * * *
(e) NEMA. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North
17th Street, Suite 900, Arlington, Virginia 22209, +1 703 841 3200, or
go to https://www.nema.org.
(1) NEMA MG 1-2016, American National Standard for Motors and
Generators, ANSI approved June 1, 2018, IBR approved for Sec. 431.442.
(2) [Reserved]
0
9. Section 431.444 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.444 Test Procedures for the measurement of energy
efficiency of small electric motors.
(a) Scope. Pursuant to section 346(b)(1) of EPCA, this section
provides the test procedures for measuring the full-load efficiency of
small electric motors pursuant to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6317(b)(1)) For
purposes of this part 431 and EPCA, the test procedures for measuring
the efficiency of small electric motors shall be the test procedures
specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) Testing and Calculations. Determine the full-load efficiency of
a small electric motor using one of the test methods listed in this
paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Incorporation by reference: In Sec. 431.443, DOE incorporated
by reference the entire standard for CSA C747-09, CSA C390-10, IEC
60034-1:2010, IEC 60034-2-1:2014, IEC 60051-1:2016, IEEE 112-2017, and
IEEE 114-2010 into this section; however, only enumerated provisions of
those documents referenced in this section are applicable as follows:
(i) CSA C747-09:
(A) Section 1.6 ``Scope'' as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and
(b)(3)(ii) of this section;
(B) Section 3 ``Definitions'' as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)
and (b)(3)(ii) of this section;
(C) Section 5 ``General test requirements'' as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (b)(3)(ii) of this section; and
(D) Section 6 ``Test method'' as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)
and (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) CSA C390-10:
(A) Section 1.3, ``Scope'' as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of
this section;
(B) Section 3.1, ``Definitions'' as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(ii) of this section;
(C) Section 5, ``General test requirements--Measurements'' as
specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section;
(D) Section 7, ``Test method'' as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii)
of this section;
(E) Table 1, ``Resistance measurement time delay'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section;
(F) Annex B, ``Linear regression analysis'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section; and
(G) Annex C, ``Procedure for correction of dynamometer torque
[[Page 24]]
readings'' as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iii) IEC 60034-1:2010:
(A) Section 7.2 as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii),
(b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(B) Section 8.6.2.3.3 as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii),
(b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section; and
(C) Table 5 as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii),
and (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(iv) IEC 60034-2-1:2014:
(A) Method 2-1-1A as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and
(b)(3)(iii) of this section;
(B) Method 2-1-1B as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section;
(C) Section 3 ``Terms and definitions'' as specified in paragraphs
(b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(D) Section 4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'' as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(E) Section 5 ``Basic requirements'' as specified in paragraphs
(b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii), and (b)(4)(iii) of this section;
(F) Section 6.1.2 ``Method 2-1-1A--Direct measurement of input and
output'' (except Section 6.1.2.2, ``Test Procedure'') as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and (b)(3)(iii) of this section;
(G) Section 6.1.3 ``Method 2-1-1B--Summations of losses, additional
load losses according to the method of residual losses'' as specified
in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section; and
(H) Annex D, ``Test report template for 2-1-1B'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(v) IEC 60051-1:2016:
(A) Section 5.2 as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(iii)
and (b)(4)(iii), of this section; and
(B) [Reserved]
(vi) IEEE 112-2017:
(A) Test Method A as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this
section;
(B) Test Method B as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this
section;
(C) Section 3, ``General'' as specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and
(b)(4)(i) of this section;
(D) Section 4, ``Measurements'' as specified in paragraphs
(b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i) of this section;
(E) Section 5, ``Machine losses and tests for losses'' as specified
in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(4)(i) of this section;
(F) Section 6.1, ``General'' as specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i)
and (b)(4)(i) of this section;
(G) Section 6.3, ``Efficiency test method A--Input-output'' as
specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section;
(H) Section 6.4, ``Efficiency test method B--Input-output'' as
specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section;
(I) Section 9.2, ``Form A--Method A'' as specified in paragraph
(b)(3)(i) of this section;
(J) Section 9.3, ``Form A2--Method A calculations'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section;
(K) Section 9.4, ``Form B--Method B'' as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(i) of this section; and
(L) Section 9.5, ``Form B2--Method B calculations'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section.
(vii) IEEE 114-2010:
(A) Section 3.2, ``Test with load'' as specified in paragraph
(b)(2)(i) of this section;
(B) Section 4, ``Testing Facilities as specified in paragraph
(b)(2)(i) of this section;
(C) Section 5, ``Measurements'' as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i)
of this section;
(D) Section 6, ``General'' as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of
this section;
(E) Section 7, ``Type of loss'' as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i)
of this section;
(F) Section 8, ``Efficiency and Power Factor'' as specified in
paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section;
(G) Section 10 ``Temperature Tests'' as specified in paragraph
(b)(2)(i) of this section;
(H) Annex A, Section A.3 ``Determination of Motor Efficiency'' as
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section; and
(I) Annex A, Section A.4 ``Explanatory notes for form 3, test
data'' as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section.
(viii) In cases where there is a conflict, the language of this
appendix takes precedence over those documents. Any subsequent
amendment to a referenced document by the standard-setting organization
will not affect the test procedure in this appendix, unless and until
the test procedure is amended by DOE.
(2) Single-phase small electric motors. For single-phase small
electric motors, use one of the following methods:
(i) IEEE 114-2010, Section 3.2, ``Test with load'', Section 4,
``Testing Facilities, Section 5, ``Measurements'', Section 6,
``General'', Section 7, ``Type of loss'', Section 8, ``Efficiency and
Power Factor''; Section 10 ``Temperature Tests'', Annex A, Section A.3
``Determination of Motor Efficiency'', Annex A, Section A.4
``Explanatory notes for form 3, test data'';
(ii) CSA C747-09, Section 1.6 ``Scope'', Section 3 ``Definitions'',
Section 5, ``General test requirements'', and Section 6 ``Test
method'';
(iii) IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A, Section 3 ``Terms and
definitions'', Section 4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'', Section 5
``Basic requirements'', and Section 6.1.2 ``Method 2-1-1A--Direct
measurement of input and output'' (except Section 6.1.2.2, ``Test
Procedure''). The supply voltage shall be in accordance with section
7.2 of IEC 60034-1:2010 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.443).
The measured resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be
determined in a similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in
section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034-1:2010, using the shortest possible time
instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and
extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in
case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in accordance
with section 5.2 of IEC 60051-1:2016 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.443).
(A) Additional IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A Torque Measurement
Instructions.
If using IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A to measure motor
performance, follow the instructions in paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(B) of
this section, instead of section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014;
(B) Couple the machine under test to a load machine. Measure torque
using an in-line, shaft-coupled, rotating torque transducer or
stationary, stator reaction torque transducer. Operate the machine
under test at the rated load until thermal equilibrium is achieved
(rate of change 1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I, Pel, n, T,
[thgr]c.
(3) Polyphase small electric motors of less than or equal to 1
horsepower (0.75 kW). For polyphase small electric motors with 1
horsepower or less, use one of the following methods:
(i) IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A, Section 3, ``General'', Section 4,
``Measurements'', Section 5, ``Machine losses and tests for losses'',
Section 6.1, ``General'', Section 6.3, ``Efficiency test method A--
Input-output'', Section 9.2, ``Form A--Method A'', and Section 9.3,
``Form A2--Method A calculations'';
(ii) CSA C747-09, Section 1.6 ``Scope'', Section 3 ``Definitions'',
Section 5, ``General test requirements'', and Section 6 ``Test
method'';
(iii) IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A, Section 3 ``Terms and
definitions'', Section 4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'', Section 5
``Basic requirements'', and Section 6.1.2 ``Method 2-1-1A--Direct
measurement of input and output'' (except Section 6.1.2.2, ``Test
Procedure''). The supply voltage shall be in accordance with section
7.2 of IEC 60034-1:2010. The measured resistance at the end of the
thermal test shall be determined in a similar way to the
[[Page 25]]
extrapolation procedure described in section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034-
1:2010 using the shortest possible time instead of the time interval
specified in Table 5 therein, and extrapolating to zero. The measuring
instruments for electrical quantities shall have the equivalent of an
accuracy class of 0,2 in case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an
indirect test in accordance with section 5.2 of IEC 60051-1:2016.
(A) Additional IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A Torque Measurement
Instructions.
If using IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A to measure motor
performance, follow the instructions in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(B) of
this section, instead of section 6.1.2.2 of IEC 60034-2-1:2014;
(B) Couple the machine under test to load machine. Measure torque
using an in-line shaft-coupled, rotating torque transducer or
stationary, stator reaction torque transducer. Operate the machine
under test at the rated load until thermal equilibrium is achieved
(rate of change 1 K or less per half hour). Record U, I, Pel, n, T,
[thgr]c.
(4) Polyphase small electric motors of greater than 1 horsepower
(0.75 kW). For polyphase small electric motors exceeding 1 horsepower,
use one of the following methods:
(i) IEEE 112-2017 Test Method B, Section 3, ``General''; Section 4,
``Measurements''; Section 5, ``Machine losses and tests for losses'',
Section 6.1, ``General'', Section 6.4, ``Efficiency test method B--
Input-output with loss segregation'', Section 9.4, ``Form B--Method
B'', and Section 9.5, ``Form B2--Method B calculations''; or
(ii) CSA C390-10, Section 1.3, ``Scope'', Section 3.1,
``Definitions'', Section 5, ``General test requirements--
Measurements'', Section 7, ``Test method'', Table 1, ``Resistance
measurement time delay, Annex B, ``Linear regression analysis'', and
Annex C, ``Procedure for correction of dynamometer torque readings'';
or
(iii) IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B Section 3 ``Terms and
definitions'', Section 4 ``Symbols and abbreviations'', Section 5
``Basic requirements'', Section 6.1.3 ``Method 2-1-1B--Summation of
losses, additional load losses according to the method of residual
losses.'', and Annex D, ``Test report template for 2-1-1B. The supply
voltage shall be in accordance with section 7.2 of IEC 60034-1:2010.
The measured resistance at the end of the thermal test shall be
determined in a similar way to the extrapolation procedure described in
section 8.6.2.3.3 of IEC 60034-1:2010 using the shortest possible time
instead of the time interval specified in Table 5 therein, and
extrapolating to zero. The measuring instruments for electrical
quantities shall have the equivalent of an accuracy class of 0,2 in
case of a direct test and 0,5 in case of an indirect test in accordance
with section 5.2 of IEC 60051-1:2016.
0
10. Section 431.447 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(4) and
(c)(4), to read as follows:
Sec. 431.447 Department of Energy recognition of nationally
recognized certification programs.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(4) It must be expert in the content and application of the test
procedures and methodologies in IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A, IEEE 112-
2017 Test Method B, IEEE 114-2010, IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A,
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, CSA C390-10, or CSA C747-09
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.443) or similar procedures
and methodologies for determining the energy efficiency of small
electric motors. It must have satisfactory criteria and procedures for
the selection and sampling of electric motors tested for energy
efficiency.
(c) * * *
(4) Expertise in small electric motor test procedures. The petition
should set forth the program's experience, as applicable, with the test
procedures and methodologies in, IEEE 112-2017 Test Method A, IEEE 112-
2017 Test Method B, IEEE 114-2010, IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1A,
IEC 60034-2-1:2014 Method 2-1-1B, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747-09
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.443) and with similar
procedures and methodologies. This part of the petition should include
items such as, but not limited to, a description of prior projects and
qualifications of staff members. Of particular relevance would be
documentary evidence that establishes experience in applying guidelines
contained in the ISO/IEC Guide 25, General Requirements for the
Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories to energy efficiency
testing for electric motors.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-27662 Filed 12-31-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
