Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment, 83818-83821 [2020-26997]
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83818
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 247 / Wednesday, December 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
When the agency head (or designee)
deems it appropriate to protect the
government’s interests (for example, to
prevent the statute of limitations 28
U.S.C. 2415, from expiring), written
demand may be preceded by other
appropriate actions, including
immediate referral for litigation.
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Signed on the 18th day of December, 2020,
in Washington, DC.
Eugene Scalia,
Secretary, Department of Labor.
[FR Doc. 2020–28469 Filed 12–22–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510–FN–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 19
[FRL–10018–13–OECA]
Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation
Adjustment
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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AGENCY:
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is promulgating this final
rule to adjust the level of the maximum
(and minimum) statutory civil monetary
penalty amounts under the statutes the
EPA administers. This action is
mandated by the Federal Civil Penalties
Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as
amended through the Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act
Improvements Act of 2015 (‘‘the 2015
Act’’). The 2015 Act prescribes a
formula for annually adjusting the
statutory maximum (and minimum)
amount of civil monetary penalties to
reflect inflation, maintain the deterrent
effect of statutory civil monetary
penalties, and promote compliance with
the law. The rule does not establish
specific civil monetary penalty amounts
the EPA may seek in particular cases, as
appropriate given the facts of particular
cases and applicable agency penalty
policies. The EPA’s civil penalty
policies, which guide enforcement
personnel on how to exercise the EPA’s
discretion within statutory penalty
authorities, take into account a number
of fact-specific considerations, e.g., the
seriousness of the violation, the
violator’s good faith efforts to comply,
any economic benefit gained by the
violator as a result of its noncompliance,
and a violator’s ability to pay.
DATES: This final rule is effective
December 23, 2020.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
David Smith-Watts, Office of Civil
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Enforcement, Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance, Mail Code
2241A, Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20460, telephone
number: (202) 564–4083; smithwatts.david@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
Since 1996, Federal agencies have
been required to issue regulations
adjusting for inflation the statutory civil
monetary penalties 1 that can be
imposed under the laws administered
by that agency. The Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of
1990, as amended by the Debt
Collection Improvement Act of 1996
(DCIA), required agencies to review
their statutory civil monetary penalties
every four years, and to adjust the
statutory civil monetary penalty
amounts for inflation if the increase met
the DCIA’s adjustment methodology. In
accordance with the DCIA, the EPA
reviewed and, as appropriate, adjusted
the civil monetary penalty levels under
each of the statutes the agency
implements in 1996 (61 FR 69360), 2004
(69 FR 7121), 2008 (73 FR 75340), and
2013 (78 FR 66643).
The 2015 Act 2 required each Federal
agency to adjust the level of statutory
civil monetary penalties under the laws
implemented by that agency with an
initial ‘‘catch-up’’ adjustment through
an interim final rulemaking. The 2015
Act also required Federal agencies,
beginning on January 15, 2017, to make
subsequent annual adjustments for
inflation. Section 4 of the 2015 Act
requires each Federal agency to publish
these adjustments by January 15 of each
year. The purpose of the 2015 Act is to
maintain the deterrent effect of civil
monetary penalties by translating
originally enacted statutory civil penalty
amounts to today’s dollars and rounding
statutory civil penalties to the nearest
dollar.
As required by the 2015 Act, the EPA
issued a catch-up rule on July 1, 2016,
which was effective August 1, 2016 (81
FR 43091). The EPA has made four
1 The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment
Act of 1990, Public Law 101–410, 28 U.S.C. 2461
note, defines ‘‘civil monetary penalty’’ as any
penalty, fine, or other sanction that—(1)(i) is for a
specific monetary amount as provided by Federal
law; or (ii) has a maximum amount provided for by
Federal law; and (2) is assessed or enforced by an
agency pursuant to Federal law; and (3) is assessed
or enforced pursuant to an administrative
proceeding or a civil action in the Federal courts.
2 The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment
Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Section 701 of Pub.
L. 114–74) was signed into law on November 2,
2015, and further amended the Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990.
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annual adjustments since then: On
January 12, 2017, effective on January
15, 2017 (82 FR 3633); on January 10,
2018, effective on January 15, 2018 (83
FR 1190); on February 6, 2019, effective
February 6, 2019 (84 FR 2056), and
issued a subsequent correction on
February 25, 2019 (84 FR 5955); and on
January 13, 2020, effective the same day
(85 FR 1751). This rule implements the
fifth annual adjustment mandated by
the 2015 Act.
The 2015 Act provides a formula for
calculating the adjustments. Each
statutory maximum and minimum 3
civil monetary penalty as currently
adjusted is multiplied by the cost-ofliving adjustment multiplier, which is
the percentage by which the Consumer
Price Index for all Urban Consumers
(CPI–U) for the month of October 2020
exceeds the CPI–U for the month of
October 2019.4
With this rule, the new statutory
maximum and minimum penalty levels
listed in the third column of Table 1 of
40 CFR 19.4 will apply to all civil
monetary penalties assessed on or after
December 23, 2020, for violations that
occurred after November 2, 2015, the
date the 2015 Act was enacted. The
former maximum and minimum
statutory civil monetary penalty levels,
which are in the fourth column of Table
1 to 40 CFR 19.4, will now apply only
to violations that occurred after
November 2, 2015, where the penalties
were assessed on or after January 13,
2020, but before December 23, 2020.
The statutory civil monetary penalty
levels that apply to violations that
occurred on or before November 2,
2015, are codified at Table 2 to 40 CFR
19.4. The fifth column of Table 1 and
the seventh column of Table 2 display
the statutory civil monetary penalty
levels as originally enacted.
The formula for determining the costof-living or inflation adjustment to
3 Under Section 3(2)(A) of the 2015 Act, ‘‘civil
monetary penalty’’ means ‘‘a specific monetary
amount as provided by Federal law’’; or ‘‘has a
maximum amount provided for by Federal law.’’
EPA-administered statutes generally refer to
statutory maximum penalties, with the following
exceptions: Section 311(b)(7)(D) of the Clean Water
Act, 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D), refers to a minimum
penalty of ‘‘not less than $100,000 . . .’’; Section
104B(d)(1) of the Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act, 33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1), refers to an
exact penalty of $600 ‘‘[f]or each dry ton (or
equivalent) of sewage sludge or industrial waste
dumped or transported by the person in violation
of this subsection in calendar year 1992. . .’’; and
Section 325(d)(1) of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C.
11045(d)(1), refers to an exact civil penalty of
$25,000 for each frivolous trade secret claim.
4 Current and historical CPI–U’s can be found on
the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ website here: https://
www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/supplemental-files/
historical-cpi-u-202010.pdf.
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statutory civil monetary penalties
consists of the following steps:
Step 1: The cost-of-living adjustment
multiplier for 2021 is the percentage by
which the CPI–U of October 2020
(260.388) exceeds the CPI–U for the
month of October 2019 (257.346), which
is 1.01182.5 Multiply 1.01182 by the
current penalty amount. This is the raw
adjusted penalty value.
Step 2: Round the raw adjusted
penalty value. Section 5 of the 2015 Act
states that any adjustment shall be
rounded to the nearest multiple of $1.
The result is the final penalty value for
the year.
II. The 2015 Act Requires Federal
Agencies To Publish Annual Penalty
Inflation Adjustments Notwithstanding
Section 553 of the Administrative
Procedure Act
Pursuant to section 4 of the 2015 Act,
each Federal agency is required to
publish adjustments no later than
January 15 each year. In accordance
with section 553 of the Administrative
Procedure Act (APA), most rules are
subject to notice and comment and are
effective no earlier than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register.
However, section 4(b)(2) of the 2015 Act
provides that each agency shall make
the annual inflation adjustments
‘‘notwithstanding section 553’’ of the
APA. Consistent with the language of
the 2015 Act, this rule is not subject to
notice and an opportunity for public
comment and will be effective on
December 23, 2020.
III. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Additional information about these
statutes and Executive orders can be
found at https://www.epa.gov/lawsregulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
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This action is not a significant
regulatory action and was therefore not
submitted to OMB for review.
5 Section 5(b) of the 2015 Act provides that the
term ‘‘cost-of-living adjustment’’ means the
percentage (if any) for each civil monetary penalty
by which—
(1) the Consumer Price Index for the month of
October preceding the date of the adjustment,
exceeds
(2) the Consumer Price Index for the month of
October 1 year before the month of October referred
to in paragraph (2).
Because the CPI–U for October 2020 is 260.388
and the CPI–U for October 2019 is 257.346, the costof-living multiplier is 1.01182 (260.388 divided by
257.346).
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B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing
Regulations and Controlling Regulatory
Costs
This action is not an Executive Order
13771 regulatory action because this
action is not significant under Executive
Order 12866.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose an
information collection burden under the
PRA. This rule merely increases the
level of statutory civil monetary
penalties that can be imposed in the
context of a Federal civil administrative
enforcement action or civil judicial case
for violations of EPA-administered
statutes and their implementing
regulations.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
This action is not subject to the RFA.
The RFA applies only to rules subject to
notice and comment rulemaking
requirements under the APA, 5 U.S.C.
553, or any other statute. Because the
2015 Act directs Federal agencies to
publish this rule notwithstanding
section 553 of the APA, this rule is not
subject to notice and comment
requirements or the RFA.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA)
This action does not contain any
unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531–1538, and does
not significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. This action is required by
the 2015 Act, without the exercise of
any policy discretion by the EPA. This
action also imposes no enforceable duty
on any state, local or tribal governments
or the private sector. Because the
calculation of any increase is formuladriven pursuant to the 2015 Act, the
EPA has no policy discretion to vary the
amount of the adjustment.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism
implications. It will not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on
the relationship between the National
Government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This action does not have tribal
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13175.
This rule merely reconciles the real
value of current statutory civil monetary
penalty levels to reflect and keep pace
with the levels originally set by
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83819
Congress when the statutes were
enacted or amended. The calculation of
the increases is formula-driven and
prescribed by statute, and the EPA has
no discretion to vary the amount of the
adjustment to reflect any views or
suggestions provided by commenters.
Accordingly, this rule will not have a
substantial direct effect on tribal
governments, on the relationship
between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not
apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order
13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern
environmental health or safety risks that
the EPA has reason to believe may
disproportionately affect children, per
the definition of ‘‘covered regulatory
action’’ in section 2–202 of the
Executive order. This action is not
subject to Executive Order 13045
because it does not concern an
environmental health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive
Order 13211, because it is not a
significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act (NTTAA)
The rulemaking does not involve
technical standards.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal
Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action is
not subject to Executive Order 12898 (59
FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it
does not establish an environmental
health or safety standard. Rather, this
action is mandated by the 2015 Act,
which prescribes a formula for adjusting
statutory civil penalties on an annual
basis to reflect inflation.
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
This action is subject to the CRA, and
the EPA will submit a rule report to
each House of the Congress and to the
Comptroller General of the United
States. The CRA allows the issuing
agency to make a rule effective sooner
than otherwise provided by the CRA if
the agency makes a good cause finding
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 247 / Wednesday, December 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
that notice and comment rulemaking
procedures are impracticable,
unnecessary or contrary to the public
interest (5 U.S.C. 808(2)). The EPA finds
that the APA’s notice and comment
rulemaking procedures are unnecessary
because the 2015 Act directs Federal
agencies to publish their annual penalty
inflation adjustments ‘‘notwithstanding
section 553 [of the APA].’’
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 19
Environmental protection,
Administrative practice and procedure,
Penalties.
Andrew Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the
preamble, the EPA amends title 40,
chapter I, part 19 of the Code of Federal
Regulations as follows:
PART 19—ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL
MONETARY PENALTIES FOR
INFLATION
1. The authority citation for part 19
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: Public Law 101–410, Oct. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 890, as amended by Public
Law 104–134, title III, sec. 31001(s)(1), Apr.
26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–373; Public Law
105–362, title XIII, sec. 1301(a), Nov. 10,
1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Public Law 114–74, title
VII, sec. 701(b), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 599.
■
2. Revise § 19.2 to read as follows:
§ 19.2
Effective date.
(a) The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels set forth in the third
column of Table 1 of § 19.4 apply to all
violations which occur or occurred after
November 2, 2015, where the penalties
are assessed on or after December 23,
2020. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels set forth in the fourth
column of Table 1 of § 19.4 apply to all
violations which occurred after
November 2, 2015, where the penalties
were assessed on or after January 13,
2020, but before December 23, 2020.
(b) The statutory monetary penalty
levels in the third column of Table 2 to
§ 19.4 apply to all violations which
occurred after December 6, 2013
through November 2, 2015, and to
violations occurring after November 2,
2015, where penalties were assessed
before August 1, 2016. The statutory
civil monetary penalty levels set forth in
the fourth column of Table 2 of § 19.4
apply to all violations which occurred
after January 12, 2009 through
December 6, 2013. The statutory civil
monetary penalty levels set forth in the
fifth column of Table 2 of § 19.4 apply
to all violations which occurred after
March 15, 2004 through January 12,
2009. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels set forth in the sixth
column of Table 2 of § 19.4 apply to all
violations which occurred after January
30, 1997 through March 15, 2004.
3. Revise the section heading,
introductory text, and Table 1 of § 19.4
to read as follows:
§ 19.4 Statutory civil monetary penalties,
as adjusted for inflation, and tables.
Table 1 of this section sets out the
statutory civil monetary penalty
provisions of statutes administered by
the EPA, with the third column setting
out the latest operative statutory civil
monetary penalty levels for violations
that occur or occurred after November 2,
2015, where penalties are assessed on or
after December 23, 2020. The fourth
column displays the operative statutory
civil monetary penalty levels where
penalties were assessed on or after
January 13, 2020, but before December
23, 2020. Table 2 of this section sets out
the statutory civil monetary penalty
provision of statutes administered by
the EPA, with the operative statutory
civil monetary penalty levels, as
adjusted for inflation, for violations that
occurred on or before November 2,
2015, and for violations that occurred
after November 2, 2015, where penalties
were assessed before August 1, 2016.
TABLE 1 OF § 19.4—CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS
U.S. Code citation
Environmental statute
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1) ...............................................
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE,
AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA).
FIFRA .....................................................
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
(TSCA).
TSCA ......................................................
TSCA ......................................................
PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES
ACT (PFCRA).
PFCRA ....................................................
CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) .................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
CWA .......................................................
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH,
AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA).
MPRSA ...................................................
CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO).
CACSO ...................................................
CACSO ...................................................
ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS (APPS).
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) 1 ............................................
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1) ...........................................
15 U.S.C. 2647(a) ................................................
15 U.S.C. 2647(g) ................................................
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1) ...........................................
31
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
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Statutory civil
monetary penalties
for violations
that occur or
occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties
are assessed
on or after
December 23, 2020
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
3802(a)(2) ...........................................
1319(d) ................................................
1319(g)(2)(A) .......................................
1319(g)(2)(B) .......................................
1321(b)(6)(B)(i) ...................................
1321(b)(6)(B)(ii) ...................................
1321(b)(7)(A) .......................................
1321(b)(7)(B) .......................................
1321(b)(7)(C) ......................................
1321(b)(7)(D) ......................................
1414b(d)(1) .........................................
33 U.S.C. 1415(a) ................................................
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A)) ............
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B)) ............
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1)) .................
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1) ...........................................
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Statutory civil
monetary penalties
for violations that
occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties
were assessed
on or after
January 13, 2020,
but before
December 23, 2020
Statutory civil
monetary penalties,
as enacted
$20,528
$20,288
$5,000
3,011/1,940/3,011
41,056
2,976/1,917/2,976
40,576
1,000/500/1,000
25,000
11,803
9,753
11,803
11,665
9,639
11,665
5,000
5,000
5,000
11,803
56,460
22,584/56,460
22,584/282,293
19,505/48,762
19,505/243,808
48,762/1,951
48,762
48,762
195,047/5,851
1,299
11,665
55,800
22,320/55,800
22,320/278,995
19,277/48,192
19,277/240,960
48,192/1,928
48,192
48,192
192,768/5,783
1,284
5,000
25,000
10,000/25,000
10,000/125,000
10,000/25,000
10,000/125,000
25,000/1,000
25,000
25,000
100,000/3,000
600
205,276/270,784
14,966/37,412
202,878/267,621
14,791/36,975
50,000/125,000
10,000/25,000
14,966/187,059
37,412
76,764
14,791/184,874
36,975
75,867
10,000/125,000
25,000
25,000
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83821
TABLE 1 OF § 19.4—CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY INFLATION ADJUSTMENTS—Continued
U.S. Code citation
33
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
Statutory civil
monetary penalties
for violations
that occur or
occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties
are assessed
on or after
December 23, 2020
Environmental statute
1908(b)(2) ...........................................
300g–3(b) ............................................
300g–3(g)(3)(A) ...................................
300g–3(g)(3)(B) ...................................
300g–3(g)(3)(C) ..................................
300h–2(b)(1) .......................................
300h–2(c)(1) ........................................
300h–2(c)(2) ........................................
300h–3(c) ............................................
300i(b) .................................................
300i–1(c) .............................................
300j(e)(2) .............................................
300j–4(c) .............................................
300j–6(b)(2) .........................................
300j–23(d) ...........................................
4852d(b)(5) .........................................
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2) ...........................................
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3) ...........................................
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
6928(c) ................................................
6928(g) ................................................
6928(h)(2) ...........................................
6934(e) ................................................
6973(b) ................................................
6991e(a)(3) .........................................
6991e(d)(1) .........................................
6991e(d)(2) .........................................
7413(b) ................................................
7413(d)(1) ...........................................
7413(d)(3) ...........................................
7524(a) ................................................
7524(c)(1) ............................................
7545(d)(1) ...........................................
9604(e)(5)(B) .......................................
42
42
42
42
42
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
9606(b)(1) ...........................................
9609(a)(1) ...........................................
9609(b) ................................................
9609(c) ................................................
11045(a) ..............................................
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
U.S.C.
11045(b)(1)(A) .....................................
11045(b)(2) .........................................
11045(b)(3) .........................................
11045(c)(1) ..........................................
11045(c)(2) ..........................................
11045(d)(1) .........................................
14304(a)(1) .........................................
42 U.S.C. 14304(g) ..............................................
APPS ......................................................
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
SDWA .....................................................
RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT
HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992.
NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972 ..........
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND
RECOVERY ACT (RCRA).
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
RCRA ......................................................
CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) .........................
CAA ........................................................
CAA ........................................................
CAA ........................................................
CAA ........................................................
CAA ........................................................
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND
LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA).
CERCLA .................................................
CERCLA .................................................
CERCLA .................................................
CERCLA .................................................
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY
RIGHT-TO-KNOW
ACT
(EPCRA).
EPCRA ...................................................
EPCRA ...................................................
EPCRA ...................................................
EPCRA ...................................................
EPCRA ...................................................
EPCRA ...................................................
MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT).
BATTERY ACT .......................................
Statutory civil
monetary penalties
for violations that
occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties
were assessed
on or after
January 13, 2020,
but before
December 23, 2020
Statutory civil
monetary penalties,
as enacted
15,352
59,017
59,017
11,803/41,120
41,120
59,017
23,607/295,088
11,803/295,088
20,528/43,792
24,674
143,621/1,436,220
10,263
59,017
41,120
10,832/108,315
18,364
15,173
58,328
58,328
11,665/40,640
40,640
58,328
23,331/291,641
11,665/291,641
20,288/43,280
24,386
141,943/1,419,442
10,143
58,328
40,640
10,705/107,050
18,149
5,000
25,000
25,000
5,000/25,000
25,000
25,000
10,000/125,000
5,000/125,000
5,000/10,000
15,000
100,000/1,000,000
2,500
25,000
25,000
5,000/50,000
10,000
38,805
102,638
38,352
101,439
10,000
25,000
61,820
76,764
61,820
15,352
15,352
61,820
24,730
24,730
102,638
48,762/390,092
9,753
48,762/4,876
390,092
48,762
59,017
61,098
75,867
61,098
15,173
15,173
61,098
24,441
24,441
101,439
48,192/385,535
9,639
48,192/4,819
385,535
48,192
58,328
25,000
25,000
25,000
5,000
5,000
25,000
10,000
10,000
25,000
25,000/200,000
5,000
25,000/2,500
200,000
25,000
25,000
59,017
59,017
59,017/177,053
59,017/177,053
59,017
58,328
58,328
58,328/174,985
58,328/174,985
58,328
25,000
25,000
25,000/75,000
25,000/75,000
25,000
59,017
59,017/177,053
59,017/177,053
59,017
23,607
59,017
16,450
58,328
58,328/174,985
58,328/174,985
58,328
23,331
58,328
16,258
25,000
25,000/75,000
25,000/75,000
25,000
10,000
25,000
10,000
16,450
16,258
10,000
1 Note
that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil
penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95–396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92–516).
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2020–26997 Filed 12–22–20; 8:45 am]
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 247 (Wednesday, December 23, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 83818-83821]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-26997]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 19
[FRL-10018-13-OECA]
Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating this
final rule to adjust the level of the maximum (and minimum) statutory
civil monetary penalty amounts under the statutes the EPA administers.
This action is mandated by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation
Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended through the Federal Civil Penalties
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (``the 2015 Act'').
The 2015 Act prescribes a formula for annually adjusting the statutory
maximum (and minimum) amount of civil monetary penalties to reflect
inflation, maintain the deterrent effect of statutory civil monetary
penalties, and promote compliance with the law. The rule does not
establish specific civil monetary penalty amounts the EPA may seek in
particular cases, as appropriate given the facts of particular cases
and applicable agency penalty policies. The EPA's civil penalty
policies, which guide enforcement personnel on how to exercise the
EPA's discretion within statutory penalty authorities, take into
account a number of fact-specific considerations, e.g., the seriousness
of the violation, the violator's good faith efforts to comply, any
economic benefit gained by the violator as a result of its
noncompliance, and a violator's ability to pay.
DATES: This final rule is effective December 23, 2020.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Smith-Watts, Office of Civil
Enforcement, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Mail Code
2241A, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20460, telephone number: (202) 564-4083; [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
Since 1996, Federal agencies have been required to issue
regulations adjusting for inflation the statutory civil monetary
penalties \1\ that can be imposed under the laws administered by that
agency. The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990,
as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (DCIA),
required agencies to review their statutory civil monetary penalties
every four years, and to adjust the statutory civil monetary penalty
amounts for inflation if the increase met the DCIA's adjustment
methodology. In accordance with the DCIA, the EPA reviewed and, as
appropriate, adjusted the civil monetary penalty levels under each of
the statutes the agency implements in 1996 (61 FR 69360), 2004 (69 FR
7121), 2008 (73 FR 75340), and 2013 (78 FR 66643).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of
1990, Public Law 101-410, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, defines ``civil
monetary penalty'' as any penalty, fine, or other sanction that--
(1)(i) is for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law;
or (ii) has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law; and (2) is
assessed or enforced by an agency pursuant to Federal law; and (3)
is assessed or enforced pursuant to an administrative proceeding or
a civil action in the Federal courts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 2015 Act \2\ required each Federal agency to adjust the level
of statutory civil monetary penalties under the laws implemented by
that agency with an initial ``catch-up'' adjustment through an interim
final rulemaking. The 2015 Act also required Federal agencies,
beginning on January 15, 2017, to make subsequent annual adjustments
for inflation. Section 4 of the 2015 Act requires each Federal agency
to publish these adjustments by January 15 of each year. The purpose of
the 2015 Act is to maintain the deterrent effect of civil monetary
penalties by translating originally enacted statutory civil penalty
amounts to today's dollars and rounding statutory civil penalties to
the nearest dollar.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act
Improvements Act of 2015 (Section 701 of Pub. L. 114-74) was signed
into law on November 2, 2015, and further amended the Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As required by the 2015 Act, the EPA issued a catch-up rule on July
1, 2016, which was effective August 1, 2016 (81 FR 43091). The EPA has
made four annual adjustments since then: On January 12, 2017, effective
on January 15, 2017 (82 FR 3633); on January 10, 2018, effective on
January 15, 2018 (83 FR 1190); on February 6, 2019, effective February
6, 2019 (84 FR 2056), and issued a subsequent correction on February
25, 2019 (84 FR 5955); and on January 13, 2020, effective the same day
(85 FR 1751). This rule implements the fifth annual adjustment mandated
by the 2015 Act.
The 2015 Act provides a formula for calculating the adjustments.
Each statutory maximum and minimum \3\ civil monetary penalty as
currently adjusted is multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment
multiplier, which is the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index
for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the month of October 2020 exceeds
the CPI-U for the month of October 2019.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Under Section 3(2)(A) of the 2015 Act, ``civil monetary
penalty'' means ``a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal
law''; or ``has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law.'' EPA-
administered statutes generally refer to statutory maximum
penalties, with the following exceptions: Section 311(b)(7)(D) of
the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D), refers to a minimum
penalty of ``not less than $100,000 . . .''; Section 104B(d)(1) of
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, 33 U.S.C.
1414b(d)(1), refers to an exact penalty of $600 ``[f]or each dry ton
(or equivalent) of sewage sludge or industrial waste dumped or
transported by the person in violation of this subsection in
calendar year 1992. . .''; and Section 325(d)(1) of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1),
refers to an exact civil penalty of $25,000 for each frivolous trade
secret claim.
\4\ Current and historical CPI-U's can be found on the Bureau of
Labor Statistics' website here: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/supplemental-files/historical-cpi-u-202010.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
With this rule, the new statutory maximum and minimum penalty
levels listed in the third column of Table 1 of 40 CFR 19.4 will apply
to all civil monetary penalties assessed on or after December 23, 2020,
for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, the date the 2015
Act was enacted. The former maximum and minimum statutory civil
monetary penalty levels, which are in the fourth column of Table 1 to
40 CFR 19.4, will now apply only to violations that occurred after
November 2, 2015, where the penalties were assessed on or after January
13, 2020, but before December 23, 2020. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels that apply to violations that occurred on or before
November 2, 2015, are codified at Table 2 to 40 CFR 19.4. The fifth
column of Table 1 and the seventh column of Table 2 display the
statutory civil monetary penalty levels as originally enacted.
The formula for determining the cost-of-living or inflation
adjustment to
[[Page 83819]]
statutory civil monetary penalties consists of the following steps:
Step 1: The cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2021 is the
percentage by which the CPI-U of October 2020 (260.388) exceeds the
CPI-U for the month of October 2019 (257.346), which is 1.01182.\5\
Multiply 1.01182 by the current penalty amount. This is the raw
adjusted penalty value.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Section 5(b) of the 2015 Act provides that the term ``cost-
of-living adjustment'' means the percentage (if any) for each civil
monetary penalty by which--
(1) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October preceding
the date of the adjustment, exceeds
(2) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October 1 year
before the month of October referred to in paragraph (2).
Because the CPI-U for October 2020 is 260.388 and the CPI-U for
October 2019 is 257.346, the cost-of-living multiplier is 1.01182
(260.388 divided by 257.346).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 2: Round the raw adjusted penalty value. Section 5 of the 2015
Act states that any adjustment shall be rounded to the nearest multiple
of $1. The result is the final penalty value for the year.
II. The 2015 Act Requires Federal Agencies To Publish Annual Penalty
Inflation Adjustments Notwithstanding Section 553 of the Administrative
Procedure Act
Pursuant to section 4 of the 2015 Act, each Federal agency is
required to publish adjustments no later than January 15 each year. In
accordance with section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA),
most rules are subject to notice and comment and are effective no
earlier than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register.
However, section 4(b)(2) of the 2015 Act provides that each agency
shall make the annual inflation adjustments ``notwithstanding section
553'' of the APA. Consistent with the language of the 2015 Act, this
rule is not subject to notice and an opportunity for public comment and
will be effective on December 23, 2020.
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive orders
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to OMB for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action
because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose an information collection burden under
the PRA. This rule merely increases the level of statutory civil
monetary penalties that can be imposed in the context of a Federal
civil administrative enforcement action or civil judicial case for
violations of EPA-administered statutes and their implementing
regulations.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
This action is not subject to the RFA. The RFA applies only to
rules subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the
APA, 5 U.S.C. 553, or any other statute. Because the 2015 Act directs
Federal agencies to publish this rule notwithstanding section 553 of
the APA, this rule is not subject to notice and comment requirements or
the RFA.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action is required by the 2015 Act, without the
exercise of any policy discretion by the EPA. This action also imposes
no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments or the
private sector. Because the calculation of any increase is formula-
driven pursuant to the 2015 Act, the EPA has no policy discretion to
vary the amount of the adjustment.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the National Government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175.
This rule merely reconciles the real value of current statutory
civil monetary penalty levels to reflect and keep pace with the levels
originally set by Congress when the statutes were enacted or amended.
The calculation of the increases is formula-driven and prescribed by
statute, and the EPA has no discretion to vary the amount of the
adjustment to reflect any views or suggestions provided by commenters.
Accordingly, this rule will not have a substantial direct effect on
tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal Government
and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in
section 2-202 of the Executive order. This action is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental
health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, because it is
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
The rulemaking does not involve technical standards.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an
environmental health or safety standard. Rather, this action is
mandated by the 2015 Act, which prescribes a formula for adjusting
statutory civil penalties on an annual basis to reflect inflation.
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of
the United States. The CRA allows the issuing agency to make a rule
effective sooner than otherwise provided by the CRA if the agency makes
a good cause finding
[[Page 83820]]
that notice and comment rulemaking procedures are impracticable,
unnecessary or contrary to the public interest (5 U.S.C. 808(2)). The
EPA finds that the APA's notice and comment rulemaking procedures are
unnecessary because the 2015 Act directs Federal agencies to publish
their annual penalty inflation adjustments ``notwithstanding section
553 [of the APA].''
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 19
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Penalties.
Andrew Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, the EPA amends title 40,
chapter I, part 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 19--ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES FOR INFLATION
0
1. The authority citation for part 19 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Public Law 101-410, Oct. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 890, as
amended by Public Law 104-134, title III, sec. 31001(s)(1), Apr. 26,
1996, 110 Stat. 1321-373; Public Law 105-362, title XIII, sec.
1301(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Public Law 114-74, title
VII, sec. 701(b), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 599.
0
2. Revise Sec. 19.2 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.2 Effective date.
(a) The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the
third column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which
occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties are
assessed on or after December 23, 2020. The statutory civil monetary
penalty levels set forth in the fourth column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4
apply to all violations which occurred after November 2, 2015, where
the penalties were assessed on or after January 13, 2020, but before
December 23, 2020.
(b) The statutory monetary penalty levels in the third column of
Table 2 to Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after
December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, and to violations occurring
after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1,
2016. The statutory civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the
fourth column of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which
occurred after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013. The statutory
civil monetary penalty levels set forth in the fifth column of Table 2
of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after March 15,
2004 through January 12, 2009. The statutory civil monetary penalty
levels set forth in the sixth column of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to
all violations which occurred after January 30, 1997 through March 15,
2004.
3. Revise the section heading, introductory text, and Table 1 of
Sec. 19.4 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.4 Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for
inflation, and tables.
Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary
penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third
column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary
penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2,
2015, where penalties are assessed on or after December 23, 2020. The
fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty
levels where penalties were assessed on or after January 13, 2020, but
before December 23, 2020. Table 2 of this section sets out the
statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by
the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as
adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before
November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2,
2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
Table 1 of Sec. 19.4--Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory civil Statutory civil
monetary penalties monetary penalties
for violations that for violations that
occur or occurred occurred after
Environmental after November 2, November 2, 2015, Statutory civil
U.S. Code citation statute 2015, where where penalties were monetary penalties,
penalties are assessed on or after as enacted
assessed on or January 13, 2020,
after December 23, but before December
2020 23, 2020
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1).......... FEDERAL $20,528 $20,288 $5,000
INSECTICIDE,
FUNGICIDE, AND
RODENTICIDE
ACT (FIFRA).
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) \1\...... FIFRA.......... 3,011/1,940/3,011 2,976/1,917/2,976 1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)......... TOXIC 41,056 40,576 25,000
SUBSTANCES
CONTROL ACT
(TSCA).
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)............ TSCA........... 11,803 11,665 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)............ TSCA........... 9,753 9,639 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)......... PROGRAM FRAUD 11,803 11,665 5,000
CIVIL REMEDIES
ACT (PFCRA).
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)......... PFCRA.......... 11,803 11,665 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)............ CLEAN WATER ACT 56,460 55,800 25,000
(CWA).
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)...... CWA............ 22,584/56,460 22,320/55,800 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)...... CWA............ 22,584/282,293 22,320/278,995 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)... CWA............ 19,505/48,762 19,277/48,192 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii).. CWA............ 19,505/243,808 19,277/240,960 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)...... CWA............ 48,762/1,951 48,192/1,928 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)...... CWA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)...... CWA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)...... CWA............ 195,047/5,851 192,768/5,783 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)........ MARINE 1,299 1,284 600
PROTECTION,
RESEARCH, AND
SANCTUARIES
ACT (MPRSA).
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)............ MPRSA.......... 205,276/270,784 202,878/267,621 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CERTAIN ALASKAN 14,966/37,412 14,791/36,975 10,000/25,000
1409(a)(2)(A)). CRUISE SHIP
OPERATIONS
(CACSO).
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CACSO.......... 14,966/187,059 14,791/184,874 10,000/125,000
1409(a)(2)(B)).
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see CACSO.......... 37,412 36,975 25,000
1409(b)(1)).
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)......... ACT TO PREVENT 76,764 75,867 25,000
POLLUTION FROM
SHIPS (APPS).
[[Page 83821]]
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)......... APPS........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b).......... SAFE DRINKING 59,017 58,328 25,000
WATER ACT
(SDWA).
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A).... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B).... SDWA........... 11,803/41,120 11,665/40,640 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C).... SDWA........... 41,120 40,640 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)....... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)....... SDWA........... 23,607/295,088 23,331/291,641 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)....... SDWA........... 11,803/295,088 11,665/291,641 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c).......... SDWA........... 20,528/43,792 20,288/43,280 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)............ SDWA........... 24,674 24,386 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c).......... SDWA........... 143,621/1,436,220 141,943/1,419,442 100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)......... SDWA........... 10,263 10,143 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c).......... SDWA........... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)....... SDWA........... 41,120 40,640 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)......... SDWA........... 10,832/108,315 10,705/107,050 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)........ RESIDENTIAL 18,364 18,149 10,000
LEAD-BASED
PAINT HAZARD
REDUCTION ACT
OF 1992.
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)......... NOISE CONTROL 38,805 38,352 10,000
ACT OF 1972.
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)......... RESOURCE 102,638 101,439 25,000
CONSERVATION
AND RECOVERY
ACT (RCRA).
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)............ RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)............ RCRA........... 76,764 75,867 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)......... RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)............ RCRA........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)............ RCRA........... 15,352 15,173 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)........ RCRA........... 61,820 61,098 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)........ RCRA........... 24,730 24,441 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)........ RCRA........... 24,730 24,441 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)............ CLEAN AIR ACT 102,638 101,439 25,000
(CAA).
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)......... CAA............ 48,762/390,092 48,192/385,535 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)......... CAA............ 9,753 9,639 5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)............ CAA............ 48,762/4,876 48,192/4,819 25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)......... CAA............ 390,092 385,535 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)......... CAA............ 48,762 48,192 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)...... COMPREHENSIVE 59,017 58,328 25,000
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSE,
COMPENSATION,
AND LIABILITY
ACT (CERCLA).
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)......... CERCLA......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)......... CERCLA......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)............ CERCLA......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)............ CERCLA......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)........... EMERGENCY 59,017 58,328 25,000
PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY
RIGHT-TO-KNOW
ACT (EPCRA).
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A)..... EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017/177,053 58,328/174,985 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)........ EPCRA.......... 23,607 23,331 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)........ EPCRA.......... 59,017 58,328 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)........ MERCURY- 16,450 16,258 10,000
CONTAINING AND
RECHARGEABLE
BATTERY
MANAGEMENT ACT
(BATTERY ACT).
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)........... BATTERY ACT.... 16,450 16,258 10,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first
mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L.
95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-26997 Filed 12-22-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
