Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 36 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program, 79863-79872 [2020-23861]
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 239 / Friday, December 11, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
recertification documentation in 2020.
Borrowers will be notified by their loan
servicer of their new recertification date,
in advance of the deadline on which
such documentation is required.
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Capitalization of Interest Under the
Income-Contingent Repayment Plan (34
CFR 685.209)
Section 685.209(a)(2)(iv)(A) provides
that interest is capitalized on a
borrower’s loans that are being repaid
under the income-contingent repayment
plan when a borrower is determined to
no longer have a partial financial
hardship or at the time a borrower
chooses to leave the Pay As You Earn
repayment plan. As noted above, all
Direct Loans in repayment or default
have been placed in an administrative
forbearance status and interest has been
suspended. If the borrower’s loan
payments were current before the
administrative forbearance period
began, interest accrued prior to March
13, 2020, will not capitalize at the end
of the coronavirus-related
administrative forbearance period.
However, if the borrower’s loans were
in the type of deferment or forbearance
in which interest would normally
capitalize before the coronavirus-related
administrative forbearance period
began, interest accrued prior to March
13, 2020, will capitalize when the
borrower’s original deferment or
forbearance ends, or on January 1, 2021,
whichever is later.
For borrowers whose loans were in a
grace period before the coronavirusrelated administrative forbearance
period began, any outstanding or unpaid
interest on a borrower’s account will
capitalize as it usually does when the
loan(s) enter repayment.
This waiver expires on December 31,
2020.
Academic Calendar Flexibility (34 CFR
690.63)
Section 690.63(a)(3) requires, as a
condition of calculating Pell grant
eligibility under Formula 1,5 that
students not be allowed ‘‘to be enrolled
simultaneously in overlapping terms
. . .’’. The Secretary is waiving this
requirement for academic years that
include the latter of December 31, 2020,
or the last date of the COVID–19
national emergency. All standard terms
will be permitted to overlap with an
adjacent term without the program
being considered non-term.
Additionally, a standard semester or
trimester may consist of as few as 13
weeks of instructional time and a
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attachments/2019-09/1920FSAHbkVol3Master.pdf.
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standard quarter as few as nine weeks
of instructional time without the
program being considered a nonstandard term program.
The Secretary is waiving the
provisions of § 690.63(a)(1)(ii)(B)(3) and
permitting IHEs to treat as standard term
any academic calendar comprised of
semesters, trimesters, or quarters that
overlap. For all academic years that
include the later of December 31, 2020,
or the end date for the COVID–19
Federally declared emergency, the
existence of overlapping standard terms
will not result in a program being
considered non-term.
Section 3513 of the CARES Act
Section 3513 of the CARES Act
directs the Secretary to: (1) Suspend all
payments due, (2) cease interest accrual,
and (3) suspend involuntary collections
for loans made under part D and part B
(that are held by the Department) of title
IV of the HEA through September 30,
2020. The section also directs the
Secretary to deem each month for which
a loan payment was suspended as if the
borrower of the loan had made a
payment for the purpose of any loan
forgiveness program or loan
rehabilitation program authorized under
part D or B for which the borrower
would have otherwise qualified. Lastly,
this section directs the Secretary to
ensure that, for the purpose of reporting
information about the loan to a
consumer reporting agency, any
payment that has been suspended is
treated as if it were a regularly
scheduled payment made by a borrower.
On August 8, 2020, the President
issued a memorandum directing the
Secretary to continue to waive interest
and payments on such loans until
December 31, 2020. Therefore, in
accordance with the prior
announcement, the Secretary is using
her authority under the HEROES Act to
modify the terms of the benefits
provided under section 3513 of the
CARES Act such that they will continue
to be provided to borrowers until
December 31, 2020.
Accessible Format: On request to Mr.
Jean-Didier Gaina, by telephone: (202)
502–7526 or by email: JeanDidier.Gaina@ed.gov, individuals with
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79863
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(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Numbers: 84.007 Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant Program;
84.032 Federal Family Education Loan
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84.033 Federal Work-Study Program; 84.038
Federal Perkins Loan Program; 84.063
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William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan
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Program Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1071, 1082,
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Robert King,
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[FR Doc. 2020–27042 Filed 12–10–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4000–01–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 82
[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–10016–19–
OAR]
RIN 2060–AG12
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone:
Determination 36 for Significant New
Alternatives Policy Program
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Determination of acceptability.
AGENCY:
This determination of
acceptability expands the list of
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA) Significant New Alternatives
Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists
as acceptable additional substitutes for
use in the refrigeration and air
conditioning, foam blowing, and fire
suppression sectors.
DATES: This determination is applicable
on December 11, 2020.
ADDRESSES: The EPA established a
docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118
(continuation of Air Docket A–91–42).
All electronic documents in the docket
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 239 / Friday, December 11, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
are listed in the index at
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in
the index, some information is not
publicly available, i.e., Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Publicly available
docket materials are available either
electronically at www.regulations.gov or
in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket
(Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR–
2003–0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/
DC), William J. Clinton West, Room
3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20460. The telephone
number for the Public Reading Room is
(202) 566–1744, and the telephone
number for the Air Docket is (202) 566–
1742. Out of an abundance of caution
for members of the public and our staff,
the EPA Docket Center and Reading
Room are closed to public visitors, with
limited exceptions, to reduce the risk of
transmitting COVID–19. Our Docket
Center staff will continue to provide
remote customer service via email,
phone, and webform.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Chenise Farquharson by telephone at
(202) 564–7768, by email at
Farquharson.chenise@epa.gov, or by
mail at U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20460. Overnight or courier
deliveries should be sent to the office
location at 1201 Constitution Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20004.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
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I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
B. Foam Blowing
C. Fire Suppression and Explosion
Protection
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New
Acceptable Substitutes
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
This action is listing as acceptable
additional substitutes for use in the
refrigeration and air conditioning, foam
blowing, and fire suppression sectors.
This action presents EPA’s most recent
decision to list as acceptable several
substitutes in different SNAP end-uses.
New substitutes are:
• Hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO)1233zd(E) in industrial process
refrigeration (new and retrofit
equipment);
• R–515B in centrifugal and positive
displacement chillers and industrial
process air conditioning (new
equipment);
• Blends of 10 to 99 percent by
weight hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)1336mzz(Z) and the remainder
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hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-152a in
polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and
billet;
• HFO–1336mzz(E) in a number of
foam blowing end-uses;
• Methylal in rigid polyurethane (PU)
spray foam (high-pressure twocomponent, low-pressure twocomponent, and one-component foam
sealants); and
• HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend in total flooding
fire suppression (normally occupied and
unoccupied spaces).
EPA’s review of certain substitutes
listed in this document is pending for
other uses. Listing decisions in the enduses and applications in this document
do not prejudge EPA’s listings of these
substitutes for other end-uses. The
substitutes being added through this
action to the acceptable lists for specific
end-uses have a similar or lower risk
than other substitutes already listed as
acceptable in those end-uses. However,
certain substitutes may have a higher
overall risk than certain other
substitutes already listed as acceptable
or acceptable subject to restrictions. In
such cases, those already-listed
alternatives have not yet proved feasible
in those specific end-uses to date.
For additional information on SNAP,
visit the SNAP portion of EPA’s Ozone
Layer Protection website at:
www.epa.gov/snap. Copies of the full
lists of acceptable substitutes for ozonedepleting substances (ODS) in all
industrial sectors are available at
www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector.
For more information on the Agency’s
process for administering the SNAP
program or criteria for evaluation of
substitutes, refer to the initial SNAP
rulemaking published March 18, 1994
(59 FR 13044), and the regulations
codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
SNAP decisions and the appropriate
Federal Register citations are found at:
www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations.
Substitutes listed as unacceptable;
acceptable, subject to narrowed use
limits; or acceptable, subject to use
conditions are also listed in the
appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart
G.
The sections below discuss each
substitute listing in detail. Appendix A
contains tables summarizing each listing
decision in this action. The statements
in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column in
the tables provide additional
information but these are not legally
binding under section 612 of the Clean
Air Act (CAA). Although you are not
required to follow recommendations in
the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of the
table to use a substitute consistent with
section 612 of the CAA, some of these
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statements may refer to obligations that
are enforceable or binding under federal
or state programs other than the SNAP
program. The identification of other
enforceable or binding requirements
should not be construed as a
comprehensive list of such obligations.
In many instances, the information
simply refers to standard operating
practices in existing industry standards
and/or building codes. When using
these substitutes in the identified enduse, EPA strongly encourages you to
apply the information in the ‘‘Further
Information’’ column. Many of these
recommendations, if adopted, would
not require significant changes to
existing operating practices.
You can find submissions to EPA for
the substitutes listed in this document,
as well as other materials supporting the
decisions in this action, in Docket EPA–
HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov.
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
1. HCFO–1233zd(E)
EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO–
1233zd(E) acceptable as a substitute for
use in:
• Industrial Process Refrigeration (new
and retrofit equipment)
HCFO–1233zd(E), marketed under the
trade name SolsticeTM N12 Refrigerant,
is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoroprop-1-ene (Chemical Abstracts
Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.]
102687–65–0).
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in this end-use in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 36
Listing of HCFO–1233zd(E) in
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
SNAP Submission Received June 6,
2019.’’ EPA performed an assessment to
examine the health and environmental
risks of this substitute. This assessment
is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–
2003–0118: ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes
in Industrial Process Refrigeration.
Substitute: HCFO–1233zd(E).’’
EPA previously listed HCFO–
1233zd(E) as acceptable for use in
several refrigeration and air
conditioning and foam blowing enduses (August 10, 2012, 77 FR 47768;
October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62863).
Environmental information: HCFO–
1233zd(E) has an ozone depletion
potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and
a global warming potential (GWP) of
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3.7.1 HCFO–1233zd(E) is excluded from
the definition of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) under CAA
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of state
implementation plans (SIPs) to attain
and maintain the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). Knowingly
venting or releasing this refrigerant
blend is limited by the venting
prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR
82.154(a)(1).
Flammability information: HCFO–
1233zd(E) is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
health effects of exposure to this
substitute include drowsiness or
dizziness. The substitute may also
irritate the skin or eyes or cause
frostbite. The substitute could cause
asphyxiation if air is displaced by
vapors in a confined space. These
potential health effects are common to
many refrigerants.
The American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA) has established a
Workplace Environmental Exposure
Limit (WEEL) of 800 ppm on an eighthour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA)
for HCFO–1233zd(E). EPA anticipates
that users will be able to meet the WEEL
and address potential health risks by
following requirements and
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
safety data sheet (SDS), American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Standard 15, and other safety
precautions common to the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in
these end-uses: HCFO–1233zd(E) has an
ODP of less than 0.0004, comparable to
or less than other listed substitutes in
this end-use with ODPs ranging from
zero to 0.098.
For industrial process refrigeration,
HCFO–1233zd(E)’s GWP of about 3.7 is
comparable to or lower than that of
other acceptable substitutes such as
ammonia absorption for new equipment
and carbon dioxide (CO2), R–450A, R–
513A and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-23
for new and retrofit equipment, with
GWPs 2 ranging from zero to 14,800.
1 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. In
this action, the 100-year GWP values are used.
2 Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this
document are 100-year values from: IPCC, 2007:
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning,
M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor M.,
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Flammability and toxicity risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the AIHA WEEL,
ASHRAE 15, and other industry
standards, recommendations in the
manufacturer’s SDS, and other safety
precautions common in the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
EPA finds HCFO–1233zd(E)
acceptable in the industrial process
refrigeration (new and retrofit
equipment) end-use because it does not
pose greater overall environmental and
human health risk than other available
substitutes in the same end-use.
2. R–515B
EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–515B
acceptable as a substitute for use in:
• Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
• Positive displacement chillers (new
equipment)
• Industrial process air conditioning
(new equipment)
R–515B is a weighted blend of 91.1
percent HFO–1234ze(E), which is also
known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9) and
8.9 percent HFC–227ea, also known as
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS
Reg. No. 431–89–0).
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in these end-uses in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 36
Listing of R–515B in Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning. SNAP Submission
Received September 6, 2019.’’ EPA
performed an assessment to examine the
health and environmental risks of this
substitute. This assessment is available
in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118:
‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in
Centrifugal and Positive Displacement
Chillers and Industrial Process Air
Conditioning. Substitute: R–515B.’’
Environmental information: R–515B
has an ODP of zero. Its components,
HFO–1234ze(E) and HFC–227ea, have a
GWP of less than one 3 and 3,220,
respectively. If these values are
weighted by mass percentage, then R–
and Miller, H.L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/
publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
3 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
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515B has a GWP of about 287. The
components of R–515B are excluded
from the definition of VOC under CAA
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of SIPs to
attain and maintain the NAAQS.
Knowingly venting or releasing this
refrigerant blend is limited by the
venting prohibition under section
608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR
82.154(a)(1).
Flammability information: R–515B is
not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
health effects of exposure to this
substitute include drowsiness or
dizziness. The substitute may also
irritate the skin or eyes or cause
frostbite. The substitute could cause
asphyxiation if air is displaced by
vapors in a confined space. These
potential health effects are common to
many refrigerants.
For the components of R–515B, the
AIHA has established WEELs of 800
ppm and 1000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for
HFO–1234ze(E) and HFC–227ea,
respectively. The manufacturer of R–
515B recommends an acceptable
exposure limit (AEL) for the blend of
810 ppm as an 8-hr TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to
meet each of the WEELs, the
manufacturer’s AEL, and address
potential health risks by following
requirements and recommendations in
the manufacturer’s SDS, in ASHRAE
Standard 15, and other safety
precautions common to the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in
these end-uses: R–515B has an ODP of
zero, comparable to or less than other
listed substitutes in these end-uses, with
ODPs ranging from zero to 0.055.
For centrifugal and positive
displacement chillers, R–515B’s GWP of
about 287 is comparable to or lower
than that of other acceptable substitutes
for new equipment, such as ammonia
absorption, CO2, HFO–1336mzz(Z), and
R–513A, with GWPs ranging from zero
to 630.
For industrial process air
conditioning, R–515B’s GWP of about
287 is comparable to or lower than that
of other acceptable substitutes for new
equipment, such as ammonia
absorption, CO2, HFO–1336mzz(Z), R–
134a, and R–507A, with GWPs ranging
from zero to 3,985.
Flammability and toxicity risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduses. Toxicity risks can be minimized
by use consistent with the AIHA WEEL,
manufacturer’s AEL, ASHRAE 15, and
other industry standards,
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recommendations in the manufacturer’s
SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry.
EPA finds R–515B acceptable in the
centrifugal chillers, positive
displacement chillers, and industrial
process air conditioning end-uses
because it does not pose greater overall
environmental and human health risk
than other available substitutes in the
same end-uses.
B. Foam Blowing
1. Blends of 10 to 99 percent by weight
HFO–1336mzz(Z) and the remainder
HFC–152a
EPA’s decision: EPA finds blends of
10 to 99 percent by weight HFO–
1336mzz(Z) andthe remainder HFC–
152a (‘‘HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a
blends’’) acceptable as a substitute for
use as a blowing agent in:
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• Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and
billet
These blends range in composition
from 10 percent HFO–1336mzz(Z) and
90 percent HFC–152a to 99 percent
HFO–1336mzz(Z) and 1 percent HFC–
152a. Accordingly, these blends are also
referred to as blends of 10 to 99 percent
by weight HFO–1336mzz(Z) and the
remainder HFC–152a in this action.
HFO–1336mzz(Z) is an HFO and is also
called (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2ene or cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2ene (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9); it also
goes by the trade names of FEA–1100 or
Formacel® 1100. HFC–152a is an HFC
and is also called ethane, 1,1-difluoro
(CAS Reg. No. 75–37–6).
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in this end-use in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
‘‘SNAP Information Notice for Blends of
10 to 99 percent by Weight HFO–
1336mzz(Z) and the Remainder HFC–
152a as a Foam Blowing Agent. SNAP
Submission Received October 10,
2019.’’ EPA has performed an
assessment to examine the health and
environmental risks of this substitute.
This assessment is available in docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 under the
name ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for
Use in Extruded Polystyrene Boardstock
and Billet Foam Substitute: HFO–
1336mzz(Z) and HFC–152a Blends .’’
Environmental information: These
HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a blends
have an ODP of zero. Their components,
HFO–1336mzz(Z) and HFC–152a, have
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GWPs of about two 4 and 124,
respectively. If these values are
weighted by mass percentage, then the
blends range in GWP from about three
to about 110. Both components of the
blends are excluded from the definition
of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40
CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the
development of SIPs to attain and
maintain the NAAQS.
Flammability information: The
component HFC–152a is moderately
flammable. HFO–1336mzz(Z) is not
flammable at standard temperature and
pressure using the standard test method
ASTM E681. Certain of these HFO–
1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a blends are
flammable, depending on the specific
composition. For example, blends
containing less than 91.5 percent HFO–
1336mzz(Z) and more than 8.5 percent
HFC–152a by weight are flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
health effects of this substitute include
skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At
sufficiently high concentrations, the
substitute may cause irregular heartbeat.
The substitute could cause asphyxiation
if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health
effects are common to many foam
blowing agents. The EPA anticipates
that these HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a
blends will be used consistent with the
recommendations specified in the SDS.
The AIHA has established a WEEL of
1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC–
152a, and the WEEL committee of the
Occupational Alliance for Risk Science
(OARS) has established a WEEL of 500
ppm for HFO–1336mzz(Z). EPA
anticipates that users will be able to
meet the AIHA and OARS WEELs and
will address potential health risks by
following requirements and
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
SDSs and other safety precautions
common to the foam blowing industry.
Comparison to other foam blowing
agents: These HFO–1336mzz(Z)/HFC–
152a blends have an ODP of zero,
comparable to all other acceptable
substitutes in this end-use, such as
HFC–152a, HFO–1234ze(E), methyl
formate, and CO2. These HFO–
1336mzz(Z)/HFC–152a blends’ GWPs
from about three to 110 is lower than or
comparable to those of other acceptable
substitutes in the same end-use for
which we are finding it acceptable, such
as HFC–152a, HFO–1234ze(E), light
saturated hydrocarbons C3–C6 and
methyl formate, with respective GWPs
4 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
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of 124, one, 5 less than one,6 and 11.7
Flammability and toxicity risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the AIHA’s and
OARS’s WEELs, recommendations in
the SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the foam blowing industry.
EPA finds blends of 10 to 99 percent
by weight HFO–1336mzz(Z) and the
remainder HFC–152a acceptable in the
polystyrene: extruded boardstock and
billet end-use because they do not pose
greater overall environmental and
human health risk than other available
substitutes in the same end-use.
2. HFO–1336mzz(E)
EPA’s decision: EPA finds HFO–
1336mzz(E) acceptable as a substitute
for use in:
• Flexible Polyurethane (PU)
• Integral skin PU
• Rigid PU: Appliance
• Rigid PU: Commercial refrigeration
• Rigid PU and polyisocyanurate
laminated boardstock
• Rigid PU: Sandwich panels
• Rigid PU: Slabstock and other
• Rigid PU: Spray—high-pressure twocomponent
• Rigid PU: Spray—low-pressure twocomponent
• Rigid PU: Spray—one-component
foam sealants
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as
(2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2). It is
marketed under the trade names
OpteonTM 1150 and FormacelTM 1150.
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in these end-uses in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
‘‘Supporting Documentation for Notice
36 Listing of HFO–1336mzz(E) in Foam
Blowing. SNAP Submission Received
December 5, 2018.’’ EPA performed
assessments to examine the health and
environmental risks of this substitute.
These assessments are available in
Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118
under the following names:
• ‘‘Foam Blowing Sector—Risk Screen
on Substitutes in Rigid Polyurethane
5 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
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Environmental information: HFO–
1336mzz(E) has an ODP of zero. It has
a GWP of about 16.8 Under CAA
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
defining VOC for the purpose of
addressing the development of SIPs to
attain and maintain the NAAQS, HFO–
1336mzz(E) would be considered a
VOC. That definition provides that ‘‘any
compound of carbon’’ which
‘‘participates in atmospheric
photochemical reactions’’ is considered
a VOC unless expressly excluded in that
provision based on a determination of
‘‘negligible photochemical reactivity.’’
The manufacturer has petitioned the
EPA to exclude HFO–1336mzz(E) from
the definition of VOC under those
regulations based on its claim that the
chemical exhibits low photochemical
reactivity. EPA has not yet taken action
on that petition. EPA notes for
informational purposes that this
substitute is subject to a Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) section
5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA section
5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR).
EPA anticipates that HFO–
1336mzz(E) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the
SDS. The OARS WEEL committee
recommends a WEEL for the workplace
of 400 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to
meet the WEEL and address potential
health risks by following requirements
and recommendations in the SDS and
other safety precautions common to the
foam blowing industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in
these end-uses: HFO–1336mzz(E) has an
ODP of zero, comparable to or lower
than that for other listed substitutes in
these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from
zero to 0.02.
HFO–1336mzz(E)’s GWP of about 16
is lower than that of other acceptable
substitutes in the listed end-uses, such
as HFC–152a with a GWP of 124. HFO–
1336mzz(E)’s GWP is higher than or
comparable to the GWPs of other
acceptable substitutes for these enduses, such as HFO–1336mzz(Z), methyl
formate, saturated light hydrocarbons
C3–C6,9 and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoroprop-1-ene with GWPs ranging
from less than one to approximately 11.
Flammability and toxicity risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the OARS WEEL,
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the foam blowing industry;
moreover, those risks are common to
many foam blowing agents, including
many of those already listed as
acceptable under SNAP for these enduses.
EPA anticipates that HFO–
1336mzz(E) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the
SDS. The OARS WEEL committee
recommends a WEEL for the workplace
of 400 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to
meet the WEEL and address potential
health risks by following requirements
and recommendations in the SDS and
other safety precautions common to the
foam blowing industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in
these end-uses: HFO–1336mzz(E) has an
ODP of zero, comparable to or lower
than that for other listed substitutes in
these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from
zero to 0.02.
HFO–1336mzz(E)’s GWP of about 16
is lower than that of other acceptable
substitutes in the listed end-uses, such
as HFC–152a with a GWP of 124. HFO–
1336mzz(E)’s GWP is higher than or
comparable to the GWPs of other
acceptable substitutes for these enduses, such as HFO–1336mzz(Z), methyl
formate, saturated light hydrocarbons
C3–C6,9 and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoroprop-1-ene with GWPs ranging
from less than one to approximately 11.
Flammability and toxicity risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the OARS WEEL,
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the foam blowing industry;
moreover, those risks are common to
3. Methylal
EPA’s decision: EPA finds methylal
acceptable as a substitute for use in:
• Rigid PU: Spray—high-pressure
two-component
• Rigid PU: Spray—low-pressure twocomponent
• Rigid PU: Spray—one-component
foam sealants
Methylal is also called
dimethoxymethane (CAS Reg. No. 109–
87–5) and belongs to a class of
chemicals referred to as acetals; it also
goes by the trade name NovicellTM.
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in these end-uses in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
‘‘Supporting Materials for Notice 36
Listing of Methylal in Foam Blowing.
SNAP Submission Received April 18,
2014.’’ EPA performed an assessment to
examine the health and environmental
risks of this substitute. This assessment
is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–
2003–0118 under the following name:
‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in
Rigid Polyurethane Spray Foam
Substitute: Methylal.’’
EPA previously listed methylal as
acceptable for use as a foam-blowing
agent in a variety of foam blowing enduses (October 21, 2014; 79 FR 62863).
Environmental information: Methylal
has an ODP of zero and a GWP less than
one.10 Under CAA regulations (see 40
CFR 51.100(s)) defining VOC for the
purpose of addressing the development
of SIPs to attain and maintain the
NAAQS, methylal would be considered
a VOC. That definition provides that
‘‘any compound of carbon’’ which
‘‘participates in atmospheric
photochemical reactions’’ is considered
a VOC unless expressly excluded in that
provision based on a determination of
‘‘negligible photochemical reactivity.’’
Flammability information: Methylal is
flammable. Under the Globally
8 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csl/
assessments/ozone/2018/.
9 That is, hydrocarbons with single bonds with
three to six carbons, such as propane, isobutane,
pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, and hexane.
9 That is, hydrocarbons with single bonds with
three to six carbons, such as propane, isobutane,
pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, and hexane.
10 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
Appliance; Rigid Polyurethane
Commercial Refrigeration; Rigid
Polyurethane Sandwich Panels; Rigid
Polyurethane & Polyisocyanurate
Laminate Boardstock; Rigid
Polyurethane Slabstock and Other;
Flexible Polyurethane; Integral Skin
Polyurethane—Substitute: HFO–
1336mzz(E)’’
• ‘‘Foam Blowing Sector—Risk Screen
on Substitutes in Rigid Polyurethane
Spray Foam—Substitute: HFO–
1336mzz(E)’’
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many foam blowing agents, including
many of those already listed as
acceptable under SNAP for these enduses.
EPA finds HFO–1336mzz(E)
acceptable in the end-uses listed above
in section 1.B.2 because it does not pose
greater overall environmental and
human health risk than other available
substitutes in the same end-uses.
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Harmonized System of Classification
and Labelling of Chemicals, it is
classified as a Class II flammable liquid
and under the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration’s (OSHA’s)
regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106, it is
classified as a Class IB flammable
liquid. Some specific blends of methylal
with other blowing agents are
flammable as formulated and should be
handled with proper precautions, as
specified by the manufacturer. EPA
recommends that users follow all
requirements and recommendations
specified in the SDS and other safety
precautions for use of flammable
blowing agents used in the foam
blowing industry. Use of methylal will
require safe handling and shipping as
prescribed by OSHA and the
Department of Transportation (for
example, using personal protective
equipment (PPE) and following
requirements for shipping hazardous
materials at 49 CFR parts 170 through
173).
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
health effects of exposure to this
substitute include drowsiness or
dizziness. Higher concentrations may
cause central nervous system depression
and loss of consciousness. The
substitute may also irritate the skin or
eyes. The substitute could cause
asphyxiation if air is displaced by
vapors in a confined space. These
potential health effects are common to
many foam-blowing agents.
For methylal, the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a
threshold limit value (TLV) of 1,000
ppm on an 8-hr TWA. The National
Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) has established a
recommended exposure limit (REL) of
1,000 ppm for methylal on a 10-hour
TWA. EPA anticipates that users will be
able to meet workplace exposure limits
(TLV and REL) and address potential
health risks by following requirements
and recommendations in the
manufacturer’s SDS and other safety
precautions common to the foamblowing industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in
these end-uses: Methylal has an ODP of
zero, comparable to other listed
substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs
ranging from zero to 0.012.
Methylal’s GWP of less than one is
less than or comparable to the GWPs of
other acceptable substitutes in the listed
end-uses, including CO2, ExxsolTM
blowing agents, HFC–152a, HFO–
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1336mzz(Z), methyl formate,11 and
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene,
with GWPs ranging from less than 1 to
approximately 124.12
Methylal’s flammability risks are
comparable to or lower than
flammability risks of other available
substitutes in the same end-uses,
including ExxsolTM blowing agents and
methyl formate. Other acceptable
substitutes in these end-uses are
nonflammable (e.g., CO2, HFO–
1336mzz(Z), and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoroprop-1-ene.
Toxicity risks are comparable to or
lower than toxicity risks of other
available substitutes in the same enduse. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the ACGIH TLV,
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the foam-blowing industry.
EPA finds methylal acceptable in the
end-uses listed above in section I.B.3
because it does not pose greater overall
environmental and human health risk
than other available substitutes in the
same end-use.
C. Fire Suppression and Explosion
Protection
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend
EPA’s decision: EPA finds HCFO1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
acceptable as a substitute for:
• Total flooding (normally occupied
and unoccupied spaces)
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend is a weighted blend of 50 percent
(E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene or
HCFO-1233zd(E) (CAS Reg. No.
102687–65–0) and 50 percent C6perfluoroketone (CAS Reg. No. 756–13–
8), also known as 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3pentanone or FK-5-1-12. Both
components are currently listed as
acceptable under SNAP for use in this
end-use. The blend is sold under the
trade name SolsticeTM Quench 55.
You may find a copy of the
applicant’s submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health
and environmental information for this
substitute in this end-use in Docket
EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name,
11 Originally listed under the trade name
‘‘ecomateTM’’ in these end-uses. 69 FR 5803,
October 4, 2004.
12 Except for HFC–152a, all the GWPs in this
sentence are from WMO (World Meteorological
Organization), Scientific Assessment of Ozone
Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project—Report No. 58, 588 pp.,
Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. Available at: https://
ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
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‘‘Supporting Documentation for Notice
36 Listing of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend in Fire
Suppression. SNAP Submission
Received August 1, 2018.’’ EPA
performed an assessment to examine the
health and environmental risks of this
substitute. This assessment is available
in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118:
‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Total
Flooding Systems in Normally
Occupied and Unoccupied Spaces.
Substitute: HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend (SolsticeTM
Quench 55).’’
Environmental information: The
HCFO-1233zd(E) component of the
blend has an ODP less than 0.0004 and
a GWP of 3.7.13 The C6-perfluoroketone
component has no ODP and a GWP of
less than one.14 The blend has an
average ODP of less than 0.0002 and an
average GWP of less than two. The
HCFO-1233zd(E) component is
excluded from the definition of VOC
under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR
51.100(s)) addressing the development
of SIPs to attain and maintain the
NAAQS; the C6-perfluoroketone
component falls within the definition of
VOC in those regulations.
Flammability information: HCFO1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend is
not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
health effects of this substitute include
serious eye and skin irritation. If eye or
skin contact occurs, end users should
flush the affected area with large
amounts of water. If inhaled, end users
should be removed and exposed to fresh
air. The potential health effects of
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend are unlikely to occur when
following good industrial hygiene
practices and the PPE and engineering
control (e.g., ventilation)
recommendations outlined in the SDSs
for HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend.
The OARS has established a WEEL as
an 8-hr TWA of 800 ppm for HCFO1233zd(E). The manufacturer of C6perfluoroketone recommends an AEL of
150 ppm on an 8-hr TWA. During
installation or servicing of HCFO1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
total flooding systems, exposure to the
substitute is not likely if the instructions
on system installation and servicing are
adhered to; these instructions are
included in manuals for the HCFO13 WMO (World Meteorological Organization),
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018,
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project—
Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/
files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
14 Ibid.
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1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
systems and the relevant industry
standards (i.e., latest edition of the
National Fire Protection Association
[NFPA] 2001 Standard for Clean Agent
Fire Extinguishing Systems and
Underwriters’ Laboratories [UL] 2166
Standard for Halocarbon Clean Agent
Extinguishing System Units). In the
event of an accidental release of the
substitute from the total flooding
system, potential acute exposures may
be of concern. The design concentration
is less than the cardiotoxic No Observed
Adverse Effect Level of 8.66 percent
(86,600 ppm) for the blend. Appropriate
protective measures should be taken,
and proper training administered for the
manufacture, clean-up and disposal of
this product and for the installation and
maintenance of the total flooding
systems using this product.
NFPA 2001 provides that in the case
of accidental release in normally
occupied spaces, required engineering
controls as specified in NFPA 2001
should be employed to limit personnel
exposure to clean agent discharges.
Specifically, audible and visual predischarge alarms and a 30–60 second
time delay should be employed within
the protected space to indicate the
operation of the system and pending
discharge to ensure egress for all
personnel prior to activation. EPA’s
evaluation indicates that the use of
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend is not expected to pose a
significant toxicity risk to personnel or
the general population. In addition, the
risks it may pose after exposure are
common to many total flooding agents,
including those already listed as
acceptable under SNAP for this same
end-use. EPA’s review of the human
health impacts of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend, including the
summary of available toxicity studies, is
in the risk screen mentioned above in
the docket for this action (EPA–HQ–
OAR–2003–0118).
Protective gloves and tightly sealed
goggles should be worn for installation
and servicing activities to protect
workers in any event of potential
discharge of the substitute, accidental or
otherwise. Filling or servicing
operations should be performed in wellventilated areas. Toxicity risks can be
minimized by use consistent with NFPA
2001 standard, recommendations in the
SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the fire suppression
industry. EPA provides additional
information on safe use of this
substitute in the ‘‘Further Information’’
column of the table summarizing this
listing for total flooding agents (see
Appendix A).
Comparison to other substitutes in
this end-use: HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend has an average
ODP of less than 0.0002, comparable to
or less than that for other listed
substitutes in this end-use, with ODPs
ranging from zero to 0.048.
For total flooding agents, HCFO–
1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend’s
average GWP of less than two is lower
than that of other acceptable substitutes,
such as HFC–227ea and other HFCs,
with GWPs which range from about
79869
1,430 to 14,800. Other acceptable
substitutes in this end-use, such as
water, inert gases, and a number of
powdered aerosol fire suppressants,
have lower or comparable GWPs ranging
from zero to seven.
Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the NFPA 2001
standard, recommendations in the SDS,
and other safety precautions common in
the fire suppression industry. The
potential toxicity risks due to inhalation
exposure are common to many total
flooding agents, including those already
listed as acceptable under SNAP for this
same end-use. HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend is nonflammable,
as are all other available total flooding
agents.
EPA finds HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone blend acceptable in the
total flooding end-use because it does
not pose greater overall environmental
and human health risk than other
available substitutes in this end-use.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
Environmental protection,
Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Hans Christopher Grundler,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.
Note: The following appendix will not
appear in the Code of Federal Regulations:
APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF
DECISIONS FOR NEW ACCEPTABLE
SUBSTITUTES
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Substitute
Decision
Further information 1
Centrifugal chillers
(new equipment).
R–515B ............
Acceptable ........
Industrial process air
conditioning (new
equipment).
R–515B ............
Acceptable ........
This substitute is a blend of HFO–1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
[CAS Reg. No.] 29118–24–9) and HFC–227ea, also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431–89–0).
R–515B has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established Workplace
Environmental Exposure Limits (WEELs) of 800 ppm and 1000 ppm on an
eight-hour Time-Weighted Average (8-hr TWA), respectively, for HFO–
1234ze(E) and for HFC–227ea.
The manufacturer has established an Acceptable Exposure Limit (AEL) of 810
ppm, on an 8-hr TWA for R–515B.
This substitute is a blend of HFO–1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9) and HFC–227ea,
also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431–89–0).
R–515B has a GWP of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 800 ppm and 1000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, respectively, for HFO–1234ze(E) and for HFC–227ea.
The manufacturer has established an AEL of 810 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for R–
515B.
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REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued
End-use
Substitute
Decision
Further information 1
HCFO–1233zd(E) is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS
Reg. No 102687–65–0).
HCFO–1233zd(E) has an ozone-depleting potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and
a GWP of about 3.7.
HCFO–1233zd(E) is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established a WEEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HCFO–
1233zd(E).
This substitute is a blend of HFO–1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9) and HFC–227ea,
also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431–89–0). R–
515B has a GWP of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 800 ppm and 1000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, respectively, for HFO–1234ze(E) and for HFC–227ea.
The manufacturer has established an AEL of 810 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for R–
515B.
Industrial process refrigeration (new and
retrofit equipment).
HCFO–
1233zd(E).
Acceptable ........
Positive displacement
chillers (new equipment).
R–515B ............
Acceptable ........
1 Observe
recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
FOAM BLOWING AGENTS
Substitute
Decision
Further information 1
Extruded Polystyrene:
Boardstock and
Billet.
Blends of 10 to 99
percent by weight
HFO–1336mzz(Z)
and the remainder HFC–152a.
Acceptable ........
Flexible Polyurethane (PU).
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Integral skin PU ......
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Appliance
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Commercial refrigeration.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
HFO–1336mzz(Z) is also known as (2Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9). HFC–152a is
also known as ethane, 1,1-difluoro (CAS Reg. No. 75–37–6). The blends
range in composition from 10 percent HFO–1336mzz(Z) and 90 percent
HFC–152a to 99 percent HFO–1336mzz(Z) and 1 percent HFC–152a.
These blends have 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) from about
three to about 110, depending on the specific composition. Certain blends of
these compounds are flammable, depending on the specific composition. The
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established a Workplace
Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hour TimeWeighted Average (8-hr TWA) for HFC–152a and Occupational Alliance for
Risk Science (OARS) has established a WEEL of 500 ppm for HFO–
1336mzz(Z).
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) section 5(e)
Consent Order and a TSCA section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR).
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
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79871
FOAM BLOWING AGENTS—Continued
Substitute
Decision
Further information 1
Rigid PU and
polyisocyanurate
laminated
boardstock.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Sandwich
panels.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Slabstock
and other.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: sprayhigh-pressure twocomponent.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Sprayhigh-pressure twocomponent.
Methylal .................
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Spray-lowpressure two-component.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Spray-lowpressure two-component.
Methylal .................
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Sprayone-component
foam sealants.
HFO–1336mzz(E) ..
Acceptable ........
Rigid PU: Sprayone-component
foam sealants.
Methylal .................
Acceptable ........
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Methylal is also known as dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class of chemicals referred to as acetals (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5).
Methylal has a GWP of less than one.
Methylal is flammable.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has
established a threshold limit value (TLV) of 1,000 ppm, on an 8-hr TWA for
methylal. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
has established a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 1,000 ppm for
methylal on a 10-hour TWA.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Methylal is also known as dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class of chemicals referred to as acetals (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5).
Methylal has a GWP of approximately less than one.
Methylal is flammable.
ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for methylal. The
NIOSH has established a REL of 1,000 ppm for methylal on a 10-hour TWA.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711–86–2).
HFO–1336mzz(E) has a GWP of approximately 16.
HFO–1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr
TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Methylal is also known as dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class of chemicals referred to as acetals (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5).
Methylal has a GWP of less than one.
Methylal is flammable.
ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for methylal.
NIOSH has established a REL of 1,000 ppm for methylal on a 10-hour TWA.
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1
Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed foam blowing agents.
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 239 / Friday, December 11, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
FIRE SUPPRESSION AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION
End-use
Substitute
Decision
Further information
Total
flooding
(normally
occupied
and unoccupied
spaces).
HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6perfluoroketone
blend.
Acceptable ........
HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend
is
a
blend
of
(E)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene or HCFO–1233zd(E) (CAS Reg. No. 102687–65–0)
and C6-perfluoroketone (CAS Reg. No. 756–13–8), also known as
1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone or FK–5–1–12.
This blend has an average ozone depletion potential (ODP) of <0.0002 and an average
100-year global warming potential (GWP) of less than two.
The blend is nonflammable.
The Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) has established a Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) as an 8-hour Time-Weighted Average (8-hr TWA)
of 800 ppm for HCFO–1233zd(E). The manufacturer of C6-perfluoroketone recommends an Acceptable Exposure Limit (AEL) of 150 ppm on an 8-hr TWA. The
cardiotoxic No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is 8.66 percent for the blend.
Use of this agent should be in accordance with the safety guidelines in the latest edition
of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 2001 Standard on Clean Agent
Fire Extinguishing Systems. Safety features that are typical of total flooding systems
such as pre-discharge alarms, time delays, and system abort switches should be provided, as directed by applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations and NFPA standards.
For establishments manufacturing, installing and maintaining equipment using this
agent, EPA recommends the following:
• In the case that HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend is inhaled, person(s)
should be immediately removed and exposed to fresh air; if breathing is difficult, person(s) should seek medical attention.
• Eye wash and quick drench facilities should be available. In case of ocular exposure,
person(s) should immediately flush the eyes, including under the eyelids, with water
for 15 minutes.
• In the case of dermal exposure, the safety data sheet (SDS) recommends that person(s) should immediately wash the affected area with water and remove all contaminated clothing to avoid irritation.
• Although unlikely, in case of ingestion of HCFO–1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend,
the person(s) should drink a cup of water, if fully conscious, and consult a physician
immediately.
• Manufacturing space should be equipped with engineering controls, specifically an
adequate exhaust ventilation system, to effectively mitigate potential occupational exposure.
• Employees responsible for chemical processing should wear the appropriate personnel protective equipment (PPE), such as protective gloves, tightly sealed goggles,
protective work clothing, and suitable respiratory protection in case of release or insufficient ventilation.
• All spills should be cleaned up immediately in accordance with good industrial hygiene practices.
• Training for safe handling procedures should be provided to all employees that would
be likely to handle containers of the agent or extinguishing units filled with the agent.
See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
1 The EPA recommends that users consult Section VIII of the OSHA Technical Manual for information on selecting the appropriate types of
personal protective equipment for all listed fire suppression agents. The EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related
to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any other occupational safety and health standard with respect to halon substitutes.
2 Use of all listed fire suppression agents should conform to relevant OSHA requirements, including 29 CFR part 1910, subpart L, sections
1910.160 and 1910.162.
3 Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be available in the event personnel should reenter the area.
4 Discharge testing should be strictly limited to that which is essential to meet safety or performance requirements.
5 The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or
destroyed.
[FR Doc. 2020–23861 Filed 12–10–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
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[EPA–R01–UST–2020–0207; FRL–10015–
22–Region 1]
Rhode Island: Final Approval of State
Underground Storage Tank Program
Revisions, Codification, and
Incorporation by Reference
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
AGENCY:
22:08 Dec 10, 2020
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Direct final rule.
Pursuant to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA
or Act), the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is taking direct final
action to approve revisions to the State
of Rhode Island’s Underground Storage
Tank (UST) program submitted by the
Rhode Island Department of
Environmental Management (RI DEM).
This action also codifies EPA’s approval
of Rhode Island’s State program and
incorporates by reference those
SUMMARY:
40 CFR Part 282
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 239 (Friday, December 11, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 79863-79872]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-23861]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 82
[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-10016-19-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 36 for
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Determination of acceptability.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the
refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing, and fire suppression
sectors.
DATES: This determination is applicable on December 11, 2020.
ADDRESSES: The EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All
electronic documents in the docket
[[Page 79864]]
are listed in the index at www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the
index, some information is not publicly available, i.e., Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Publicly available docket materials are
available either electronically at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy
at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA
Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J. Clinton West, Room 3334, 1301
Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460. The telephone number for
the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for
the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742. Out of an abundance of caution for
members of the public and our staff, the EPA Docket Center and Reading
Room are closed to public visitors, with limited exceptions, to reduce
the risk of transmitting COVID-19. Our Docket Center staff will
continue to provide remote customer service via email, phone, and
webform.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Chenise Farquharson by telephone at
(202) 564-7768, by email at [email protected], or by mail at
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier
deliveries should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
B. Foam Blowing
C. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
This action is listing as acceptable additional substitutes for use
in the refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing, and fire
suppression sectors. This action presents EPA's most recent decision to
list as acceptable several substitutes in different SNAP end-uses. New
substitutes are:
Hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO)-1233zd(E) in industrial
process refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment);
R-515B in centrifugal and positive displacement chillers
and industrial process air conditioning (new equipment);
Blends of 10 to 99 percent by weight hydrofluoroolefin
(HFO)-1336mzz(Z) and the remainder hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-152a in
polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and billet;
HFO-1336mzz(E) in a number of foam blowing end-uses;
Methylal in rigid polyurethane (PU) spray foam (high-
pressure two-component, low-pressure two-component, and one-component
foam sealants); and
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend in total flooding
fire suppression (normally occupied and unoccupied spaces).
EPA's review of certain substitutes listed in this document is
pending for other uses. Listing decisions in the end-uses and
applications in this document do not prejudge EPA's listings of these
substitutes for other end-uses. The substitutes being added through
this action to the acceptable lists for specific end-uses have a
similar or lower risk than other substitutes already listed as
acceptable in those end-uses. However, certain substitutes may have a
higher overall risk than certain other substitutes already listed as
acceptable or acceptable subject to restrictions. In such cases, those
already-listed alternatives have not yet proved feasible in those
specific end-uses to date.
For additional information on SNAP, visit the SNAP portion of EPA's
Ozone Layer Protection website at: www.epa.gov/snap. Copies of the full
lists of acceptable substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in
all industrial sectors are available at www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector. For more information on the Agency's process for administering
the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of substitutes, refer to
the initial SNAP rulemaking published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13044), and
the regulations codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. SNAP decisions
and the appropriate Federal Register citations are found at:
www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations. Substitutes listed as unacceptable;
acceptable, subject to narrowed use limits; or acceptable, subject to
use conditions are also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82,
subpart G.
The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail.
Appendix A contains tables summarizing each listing decision in this
action. The statements in the ``Further Information'' column in the
tables provide additional information but these are not legally binding
under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). Although you are not
required to follow recommendations in the ``Further Information''
column of the table to use a substitute consistent with section 612 of
the CAA, some of these statements may refer to obligations that are
enforceable or binding under federal or state programs other than the
SNAP program. The identification of other enforceable or binding
requirements should not be construed as a comprehensive list of such
obligations. In many instances, the information simply refers to
standard operating practices in existing industry standards and/or
building codes. When using these substitutes in the identified end-use,
EPA strongly encourages you to apply the information in the ``Further
Information'' column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted, would
not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
1. HCFO-1233zd(E)
EPA's decision: EPA finds HCFO-1233zd(E) acceptable as a substitute
for use in:
Industrial Process Refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment)
HCFO-1233zd(E), marketed under the trade name SolsticeTM
N12 Refrigerant, is also known as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-
ene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 102687-
65-0).
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in this end-use in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Supporting Materials for Notice
36 Listing of HCFO-1233zd(E) in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
SNAP Submission Received June 6, 2019.'' EPA performed an assessment to
examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This
assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118: ``Risk Screen
on Substitutes in Industrial Process Refrigeration. Substitute: HCFO-
1233zd(E).''
EPA previously listed HCFO-1233zd(E) as acceptable for use in
several refrigeration and air conditioning and foam blowing end-uses
(August 10, 2012, 77 FR 47768; October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62863).
Environmental information: HCFO-1233zd(E) has an ozone depletion
potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and a global warming potential
(GWP) of
[[Page 79865]]
3.7.\1\ HCFO-1233zd(E) is excluded from the definition of volatile
organic compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to
attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the
venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40
CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. In this action, the 100-year GWP
values are used.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability information: HCFO-1233zd(E) is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. The substitute could
cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
These potential health effects are common to many refrigerants.
The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established
a Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) of 800 ppm on an eight-
hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA) for HCFO-1233zd(E). EPA
anticipates that users will be able to meet the WEEL and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HCFO-1233zd(E)
has an ODP of less than 0.0004, comparable to or less than other listed
substitutes in this end-use with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.098.
For industrial process refrigeration, HCFO-1233zd(E)'s GWP of about
3.7 is comparable to or lower than that of other acceptable substitutes
such as ammonia absorption for new equipment and carbon dioxide
(CO2), R-450A, R-513A and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-23 for new
and retrofit equipment, with GWPs \2\ ranging from zero to 14,800.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are 100-
year values from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
[Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt,
K.B., Tignor M., and Miller, H.L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This
document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/
en/contents.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the
same end-use. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the AIHA WEEL, ASHRAE 15, and other industry standards, recommendations
in the manufacturer's SDS, and other safety precautions common in the
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
EPA finds HCFO-1233zd(E) acceptable in the industrial process
refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment) end-use because it does not
pose greater overall environmental and human health risk than other
available substitutes in the same end-use.
2. R-515B
EPA's decision: EPA finds R-515B acceptable as a substitute for use
in:
Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
Positive displacement chillers (new equipment)
Industrial process air conditioning (new equipment)
R-515B is a weighted blend of 91.1 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is
also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-
24-9) and 8.9 percent HFC-227ea, also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-
heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in these end-uses in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Supporting Materials for Notice
36 Listing of R-515B in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. SNAP
Submission Received September 6, 2019.'' EPA performed an assessment to
examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This
assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118: ``Risk Screen
on Substitutes in Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Chillers and
Industrial Process Air Conditioning. Substitute: R-515B.''
Environmental information: R-515B has an ODP of zero. Its
components, HFO-1234ze(E) and HFC-227ea, have a GWP of less than one
\3\ and 3,220, respectively. If these values are weighted by mass
percentage, then R-515B has a GWP of about 287. The components of R-
515B are excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see
40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability information: R-515B is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. The substitute could
cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
These potential health effects are common to many refrigerants.
For the components of R-515B, the AIHA has established WEELs of 800
ppm and 1000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E) and HFC-227ea,
respectively. The manufacturer of R-515B recommends an acceptable
exposure limit (AEL) for the blend of 810 ppm as an 8-hr TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to meet each of the WEELs, the
manufacturer's AEL, and address potential health risks by following
requirements and recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS, in ASHRAE
Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-515B has an
ODP of zero, comparable to or less than other listed substitutes in
these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.055.
For centrifugal and positive displacement chillers, R-515B's GWP of
about 287 is comparable to or lower than that of other acceptable
substitutes for new equipment, such as ammonia absorption,
CO2, HFO-1336mzz(Z), and R-513A, with GWPs ranging from zero
to 630.
For industrial process air conditioning, R-515B's GWP of about 287
is comparable to or lower than that of other acceptable substitutes for
new equipment, such as ammonia absorption, CO2, HFO-
1336mzz(Z), R-134a, and R-507A, with GWPs ranging from zero to 3,985.
Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the
same end-uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the AIHA WEEL, manufacturer's AEL, ASHRAE 15, and other industry
standards,
[[Page 79866]]
recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
EPA finds R-515B acceptable in the centrifugal chillers, positive
displacement chillers, and industrial process air conditioning end-uses
because it does not pose greater overall environmental and human health
risk than other available substitutes in the same end-uses.
B. Foam Blowing
1. Blends of 10 to 99 percent by weight HFO-1336mzz(Z) and the
remainder HFC-152a
EPA's decision: EPA finds blends of 10 to 99 percent by weight HFO-
1336mzz(Z) andthe remainder HFC-152a (``HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-152a
blends'') acceptable as a substitute for use as a blowing agent in:
Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and billet
These blends range in composition from 10 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z)
and 90 percent HFC-152a to 99 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z) and 1 percent HFC-
152a. Accordingly, these blends are also referred to as blends of 10 to
99 percent by weight HFO-1336mzz(Z) and the remainder HFC-152a in this
action. HFO-1336mzz(Z) is an HFO and is also called (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-
hexafluorobut-2-ene or cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 692-49-9); it also goes by the trade names of FEA-1100 or
Formacel[supreg] 1100. HFC-152a is an HFC and is also called ethane,
1,1-difluoro (CAS Reg. No. 75-37-6).
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in this end-use in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Blends of 10 to 99 percent by Weight HFO-1336mzz(Z) and the Remainder
HFC-152a as a Foam Blowing Agent. SNAP Submission Received October 10,
2019.'' EPA has performed an assessment to examine the health and
environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in
docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the name ``Risk Screen on Substitutes
for Use in Extruded Polystyrene Boardstock and Billet Foam Substitute:
HFO-1336mzz(Z) and HFC-152a Blends .''
Environmental information: These HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-152a blends
have an ODP of zero. Their components, HFO-1336mzz(Z) and HFC-152a,
have GWPs of about two \4\ and 124, respectively. If these values are
weighted by mass percentage, then the blends range in GWP from about
three to about 110. Both components of the blends are excluded from the
definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability information: The component HFC-152a is moderately
flammable. HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable at standard temperature and
pressure using the standard test method ASTM E681. Certain of these
HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-152a blends are flammable, depending on the specific
composition. For example, blends containing less than 91.5 percent HFO-
1336mzz(Z) and more than 8.5 percent HFC-152a by weight are flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many foam
blowing agents. The EPA anticipates that these HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-152a
blends will be used consistent with the recommendations specified in
the SDS.
The AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for
HFC-152a, and the WEEL committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk
Science (OARS) has established a WEEL of 500 ppm for HFO-1336mzz(Z).
EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the AIHA and OARS WEELs
and will address potential health risks by following requirements and
recommendations in the manufacturer's SDSs and other safety precautions
common to the foam blowing industry.
Comparison to other foam blowing agents: These HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-
152a blends have an ODP of zero, comparable to all other acceptable
substitutes in this end-use, such as HFC-152a, HFO-1234ze(E), methyl
formate, and CO2. These HFO-1336mzz(Z)/HFC-152a blends' GWPs
from about three to 110 is lower than or comparable to those of other
acceptable substitutes in the same end-use for which we are finding it
acceptable, such as HFC-152a, HFO-1234ze(E), light saturated
hydrocarbons C3-C6 and methyl formate, with respective GWPs of 124,
one, \5\ less than one,\6\ and 11.\7\ Flammability and toxicity risks
are comparable to or lower than flammability and toxicity risks of
other available substitutes in the same end-use. Toxicity risks can be
minimized by use consistent with the AIHA's and OARS's WEELs,
recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the
foam blowing industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
\6\ Ibid.
\7\ Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA finds blends of 10 to 99 percent by weight HFO-1336mzz(Z) and
the remainder HFC-152a acceptable in the polystyrene: extruded
boardstock and billet end-use because they do not pose greater overall
environmental and human health risk than other available substitutes in
the same end-use.
2. HFO-1336mzz(E)
EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(E) acceptable as a substitute
for use in:
Flexible Polyurethane (PU)
Integral skin PU
Rigid PU: Appliance
Rigid PU: Commercial refrigeration
Rigid PU and polyisocyanurate laminated boardstock
Rigid PU: Sandwich panels
Rigid PU: Slabstock and other
Rigid PU: Spray--high-pressure two-component
Rigid PU: Spray--low-pressure two-component
Rigid PU: Spray--one-component foam sealants
HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-
butene and trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-
86-2). It is marketed under the trade names OpteonTM 1150
and FormacelTM 1150.
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in these end-uses in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Supporting Documentation for
Notice 36 Listing of HFO-1336mzz(E) in Foam Blowing. SNAP Submission
Received December 5, 2018.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
``Foam Blowing Sector--Risk Screen on Substitutes in Rigid
Polyurethane
[[Page 79867]]
Appliance; Rigid Polyurethane Commercial Refrigeration; Rigid
Polyurethane Sandwich Panels; Rigid Polyurethane & Polyisocyanurate
Laminate Boardstock; Rigid Polyurethane Slabstock and Other; Flexible
Polyurethane; Integral Skin Polyurethane--Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(E)''
``Foam Blowing Sector--Risk Screen on Substitutes in Rigid
Polyurethane Spray Foam--Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(E)''
Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(E) has an ODP of zero. It
has a GWP of about 16.\8\ Under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
defining VOC for the purpose of addressing the development of SIPs to
attain and maintain the NAAQS, HFO-1336mzz(E) would be considered a
VOC. That definition provides that ``any compound of carbon'' which
``participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions'' is considered a
VOC unless expressly excluded in that provision based on a
determination of ``negligible photochemical reactivity.'' The
manufacturer has petitioned the EPA to exclude HFO-1336mzz(E) from the
definition of VOC under those regulations based on its claim that the
chemical exhibits low photochemical reactivity. EPA has not yet taken
action on that petition. EPA notes for informational purposes that this
substitute is subject to a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) section
5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csl/assessments/ozone/2018/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(E) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The OARS WEEL committee
recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to meet the WEEL and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS and other safety precautions common to the foam blowing
industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(E)
has an ODP of zero, comparable to or lower than that for other listed
substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.02.
HFO-1336mzz(E)'s GWP of about 16 is lower than that of other
acceptable substitutes in the listed end-uses, such as HFC-152a with a
GWP of 124. HFO-1336mzz(E)'s GWP is higher than or comparable to the
GWPs of other acceptable substitutes for these end-uses, such as HFO-
1336mzz(Z), methyl formate, saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6,\9\ and
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene with GWPs ranging from less
than one to approximately 11.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ That is, hydrocarbons with single bonds with three to six
carbons, such as propane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane,
cyclopentane, and hexane.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the
same end-use. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS, and other
safety precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those
risks are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those
already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these end-uses.
EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(E) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The OARS WEEL committee
recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to meet the WEEL and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS and other safety precautions common to the foam blowing
industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(E)
has an ODP of zero, comparable to or lower than that for other listed
substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.02.
HFO-1336mzz(E)'s GWP of about 16 is lower than that of other
acceptable substitutes in the listed end-uses, such as HFC-152a with a
GWP of 124. HFO-1336mzz(E)'s GWP is higher than or comparable to the
GWPs of other acceptable substitutes for these end-uses, such as HFO-
1336mzz(Z), methyl formate, saturated light hydrocarbons C3-C6,\9\ and
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene with GWPs ranging from less
than one to approximately 11.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ That is, hydrocarbons with single bonds with three to six
carbons, such as propane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane,
cyclopentane, and hexane.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the
same end-use. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS, and other
safety precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those
risks are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those
already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these end-uses.
EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(E) acceptable in the end-uses listed above in
section 1.B.2 because it does not pose greater overall environmental
and human health risk than other available substitutes in the same end-
uses.
3. Methylal
EPA's decision: EPA finds methylal acceptable as a substitute for
use in:
Rigid PU: Spray--high-pressure two-component
Rigid PU: Spray--low-pressure two-component
Rigid PU: Spray--one-component foam sealants
Methylal is also called dimethoxymethane (CAS Reg. No. 109-87-5)
and belongs to a class of chemicals referred to as acetals; it also
goes by the trade name NovicellTM.
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in these end-uses in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Supporting Materials for Notice
36 Listing of Methylal in Foam Blowing. SNAP Submission Received April
18, 2014.'' EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and
environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in
Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name: ``Risk Screen on
Substitutes for Use in Rigid Polyurethane Spray Foam Substitute:
Methylal.''
EPA previously listed methylal as acceptable for use as a foam-
blowing agent in a variety of foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014;
79 FR 62863).
Environmental information: Methylal has an ODP of zero and a GWP
less than one.\10\ Under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
defining VOC for the purpose of addressing the development of SIPs to
attain and maintain the NAAQS, methylal would be considered a VOC. That
definition provides that ``any compound of carbon'' which
``participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions'' is considered a
VOC unless expressly excluded in that provision based on a
determination of ``negligible photochemical reactivity.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability information: Methylal is flammable. Under the Globally
[[Page 79868]]
Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, it is
classified as a Class II flammable liquid and under the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) regulations at 29 CFR
1910.106, it is classified as a Class IB flammable liquid. Some
specific blends of methylal with other blowing agents are flammable as
formulated and should be handled with proper precautions, as specified
by the manufacturer. EPA recommends that users follow all requirements
and recommendations specified in the SDS and other safety precautions
for use of flammable blowing agents used in the foam blowing industry.
Use of methylal will require safe handling and shipping as prescribed
by OSHA and the Department of Transportation (for example, using
personal protective equipment (PPE) and following requirements for
shipping hazardous materials at 49 CFR parts 170 through 173).
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. Higher concentrations
may cause central nervous system depression and loss of consciousness.
The substitute may also irritate the skin or eyes. The substitute could
cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
These potential health effects are common to many foam-blowing agents.
For methylal, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a threshold limit value (TLV) of
1,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA. The National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH) has established a recommended exposure limit (REL)
of 1,000 ppm for methylal on a 10-hour TWA. EPA anticipates that users
will be able to meet workplace exposure limits (TLV and REL) and
address potential health risks by following requirements and
recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and other safety precautions
common to the foam-blowing industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: Methylal has an
ODP of zero, comparable to other listed substitutes in these end-uses,
with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.012.
Methylal's GWP of less than one is less than or comparable to the
GWPs of other acceptable substitutes in the listed end-uses, including
CO2, ExxsolTM blowing agents, HFC-152a, HFO-
1336mzz(Z), methyl formate,\11\ and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-
1-ene, with GWPs ranging from less than 1 to approximately 124.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Originally listed under the trade name
``ecomateTM'' in these end-uses. 69 FR 5803, October 4,
2004.
\12\ Except for HFC-152a, all the GWPs in this sentence are from
WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific Assessment of
Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring
Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methylal's flammability risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-uses,
including ExxsolTM blowing agents and methyl formate. Other
acceptable substitutes in these end-uses are nonflammable (e.g.,
CO2, HFO-1336mzz(Z), and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-
1-ene.
Toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than toxicity risks of
other available substitutes in the same end-use. Toxicity risks can be
minimized by use consistent with the ACGIH TLV, recommendations in the
manufacturer's SDS, and other safety precautions common in the foam-
blowing industry.
EPA finds methylal acceptable in the end-uses listed above in
section I.B.3 because it does not pose greater overall environmental
and human health risk than other available substitutes in the same end-
use.
C. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
EPA's decision: EPA finds HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
acceptable as a substitute for:
Total flooding (normally occupied and unoccupied spaces)
HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend is a weighted blend of 50
percent (E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene or HCFO-1233zd(E) (CAS
Reg. No. 102687-65-0) and 50 percent C6-perfluoroketone (CAS Reg. No.
756-13-8), also known as 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone or FK-5-1-12. Both components are
currently listed as acceptable under SNAP for use in this end-use. The
blend is sold under the trade name SolsticeTM Quench 55.
You may find a copy of the applicant's submission, with CBI
redacted, providing the required health and environmental information
for this substitute in this end-use in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at
www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Supporting Documentation for
Notice 36 Listing of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend in Fire
Suppression. SNAP Submission Received August 1, 2018.'' EPA performed
an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this
substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-
0118: ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Total Flooding Systems in
Normally Occupied and Unoccupied Spaces. Substitute: HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-
perfluoroketone blend (SolsticeTM Quench 55).''
Environmental information: The HCFO-1233zd(E) component of the
blend has an ODP less than 0.0004 and a GWP of 3.7.\13\ The C6-
perfluoroketone component has no ODP and a GWP of less than one.\14\
The blend has an average ODP of less than 0.0002 and an average GWP of
less than two. The HCFO-1233zd(E) component is excluded from the
definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS;
the C6-perfluoroketone component falls within the definition of VOC in
those regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2018. Available at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf.
\14\ Ibid.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammability information: HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this
substitute include serious eye and skin irritation. If eye or skin
contact occurs, end users should flush the affected area with large
amounts of water. If inhaled, end users should be removed and exposed
to fresh air. The potential health effects of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-
perfluoroketone blend are unlikely to occur when following good
industrial hygiene practices and the PPE and engineering control (e.g.,
ventilation) recommendations outlined in the SDSs for HCFO-1233zd(E)/
C6-perfluoroketone blend.
The OARS has established a WEEL as an 8-hr TWA of 800 ppm for HCFO-
1233zd(E). The manufacturer of C6-perfluoroketone recommends an AEL of
150 ppm on an 8-hr TWA. During installation or servicing of HCFO-
1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend total flooding systems, exposure to
the substitute is not likely if the instructions on system installation
and servicing are adhered to; these instructions are included in
manuals for the HCFO-
[[Page 79869]]
1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend systems and the relevant industry
standards (i.e., latest edition of the National Fire Protection
Association [NFPA] 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing
Systems and Underwriters' Laboratories [UL] 2166 Standard for
Halocarbon Clean Agent Extinguishing System Units). In the event of an
accidental release of the substitute from the total flooding system,
potential acute exposures may be of concern. The design concentration
is less than the cardiotoxic No Observed Adverse Effect Level of 8.66
percent (86,600 ppm) for the blend. Appropriate protective measures
should be taken, and proper training administered for the manufacture,
clean-up and disposal of this product and for the installation and
maintenance of the total flooding systems using this product.
NFPA 2001 provides that in the case of accidental release in
normally occupied spaces, required engineering controls as specified in
NFPA 2001 should be employed to limit personnel exposure to clean agent
discharges. Specifically, audible and visual pre-discharge alarms and a
30-60 second time delay should be employed within the protected space
to indicate the operation of the system and pending discharge to ensure
egress for all personnel prior to activation. EPA's evaluation
indicates that the use of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend is
not expected to pose a significant toxicity risk to personnel or the
general population. In addition, the risks it may pose after exposure
are common to many total flooding agents, including those already
listed as acceptable under SNAP for this same end-use. EPA's review of
the human health impacts of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend,
including the summary of available toxicity studies, is in the risk
screen mentioned above in the docket for this action (EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-
0118).
Protective gloves and tightly sealed goggles should be worn for
installation and servicing activities to protect workers in any event
of potential discharge of the substitute, accidental or otherwise.
Filling or servicing operations should be performed in well-ventilated
areas. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with NFPA 2001
standard, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the fire suppression industry. EPA provides additional
information on safe use of this substitute in the ``Further
Information'' column of the table summarizing this listing for total
flooding agents (see Appendix A).
Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-
perfluoroketone blend has an average ODP of less than 0.0002,
comparable to or less than that for other listed substitutes in this
end-use, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.048.
For total flooding agents, HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone
blend's average GWP of less than two is lower than that of other
acceptable substitutes, such as HFC-227ea and other HFCs, with GWPs
which range from about 1,430 to 14,800. Other acceptable substitutes in
this end-use, such as water, inert gases, and a number of powdered
aerosol fire suppressants, have lower or comparable GWPs ranging from
zero to seven.
Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the NFPA
2001 standard, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions
common in the fire suppression industry. The potential toxicity risks
due to inhalation exposure are common to many total flooding agents,
including those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for this same
end-use. HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend is nonflammable, as
are all other available total flooding agents.
EPA finds HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend acceptable in the
total flooding end-use because it does not pose greater overall
environmental and human health risk than other available substitutes in
this end-use.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Hans Christopher Grundler,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.
Note: The following appendix will not appear in the Code of
Federal Regulations:
APPENDIX A: SUMMARY OF DECISIONS FOR NEW ACCEPTABLE SUBSTITUTES
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
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End-use Substitute Decision Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centrifugal chillers (new R-515B.......... Acceptable........... This substitute is a blend of HFO-
equipment). 1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (Chemical
Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS
Reg. No.] 29118-24-9) and HFC-227ea,
also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-
heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-
0).
R-515B has a 100-year global warming
potential (GWP) of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA) has established
Workplace Environmental Exposure Limits
(WEELs) of 800 ppm and 1000 ppm on an
eight-hour Time-Weighted Average (8-hr
TWA), respectively, for HFO-1234ze(E)
and for HFC-227ea.
The manufacturer has established an
Acceptable Exposure Limit (AEL) of 810
ppm, on an 8-hr TWA for R-515B.
Industrial process air R-515B.......... Acceptable........... This substitute is a blend of HFO-
conditioning (new equipment). 1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 29118-24-9) and HFC-227ea, also
known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-
heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-
0).
R-515B has a GWP of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 800
ppm and 1000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA,
respectively, for HFO-1234ze(E) and for
HFC-227ea.
The manufacturer has established an AEL
of 810 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for R-515B.
[[Page 79870]]
Industrial process HCFO-1233zd(E).. Acceptable........... HCFO-1233zd(E) is also known as trans-1-
refrigeration (new and chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS
retrofit equipment). Reg. No 102687-65-0).
HCFO-1233zd(E) has an ozone-depleting
potential (ODP) of less than 0.0004 and
a GWP of about 3.7.
HCFO-1233zd(E) is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established a WEEL of 800
ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HCFO-1233zd(E).
Positive displacement R-515B.......... Acceptable........... This substitute is a blend of HFO-
chillers (new equipment). 1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 29118-24-9) and HFC-227ea, also
known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-
heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-
0). R-515B has a GWP of 287.
The blend is not flammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 800
ppm and 1000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA,
respectively, for HFO-1234ze(E) and for
HFC-227ea.
The manufacturer has established an AEL
of 810 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for R-515B.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
Foam Blowing Agents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End-use Substitute Decision Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extruded Polystyrene: Blends of 10 to Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (2Z)-
Boardstock and Billet. 99 percent by 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and cis-
weight HFO- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS
1336mzz(Z) and Reg. No. 692-49-9). HFC-152a is also
the remainder known as ethane, 1,1-difluoro (CAS Reg.
HFC-152a. No. 75-37-6). The blends range in
composition from 10 percent HFO-
1336mzz(Z) and 90 percent HFC-152a to
99 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z) and 1 percent
HFC-152a.
These blends have 100-year global
warming potentials (GWPs) from about
three to about 110, depending on the
specific composition. Certain blends of
these compounds are flammable,
depending on the specific composition.
The American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA) has established a
Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit
(WEEL) of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hour Time-
Weighted Average (8-hr TWA) for HFC-
152a and Occupational Alliance for Risk
Science (OARS) has established a WEEL
of 500 ppm for HFO-1336mzz(Z).
Flexible Polyurethane (PU)... HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) section
5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA section
5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rule
(SNUR).
Integral skin PU............. HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Appliance.......... HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Commercial HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
refrigeration. 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
[[Page 79871]]
Rigid PU and polyisocyanurate HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
laminated boardstock. 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Sandwich panels.... HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Slabstock and other HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: spray-high-pressure HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
two-component. 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Spray-high-pressure Methylal........ Acceptable........... Methylal is also known as
two-component. dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class
of chemicals referred to as acetals
(CAS Reg. No. 109-87-5).
Methylal has a GWP of less than one.
Methylal is flammable.
The American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has
established a threshold limit value
(TLV) of 1,000 ppm, on an 8-hr TWA for
methylal. The National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
has established a recommended exposure
limit (REL) of 1,000 ppm for methylal
on a 10-hour TWA.
Rigid PU: Spray-low-pressure HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
two-component. 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Spray-low-pressure Methylal........ Acceptable........... Methylal is also known as
two-component. dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class
of chemicals referred to as acetals
(CAS Reg. No. 109-87-5).
Methylal has a GWP of approximately less
than one.
Methylal is flammable.
ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm
on an 8-hr TWA for methylal. The NIOSH
has established a REL of 1,000 ppm for
methylal on a 10-hour TWA.
Rigid PU: Spray-one-component HFO-1336mzz(E).. Acceptable........... HFO-1336mzz(E) is also known as (2E)-
foam sealants. 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and
trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene
(CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2).
HFO-1336mzz(E) has a GWP of
approximately 16.
HFO-1336mzz(E) is nonflammable.
The OARS recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA.
This substitute is subject to a TSCA
section 5(e) Consent Order and a TSCA
section 5(a)(2) SNUR.
Rigid PU: Spray-one-component Methylal........ Acceptable........... Methylal is also known as
foam sealants. dimethoxymethane and belongs to a class
of chemicals referred to as acetals
(CAS Reg. No. 109-87-5).
Methylal has a GWP of less than one.
Methylal is flammable.
ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm
on an 8-hr TWA for methylal. NIOSH has
established a REL of 1,000 ppm for
methylal on a 10-hour TWA.
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\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed foam blowing agents.
[[Page 79872]]
Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
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End-use Substitute Decision Further information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total flooding (normally HCFO-1233zd(E)/ Acceptable........... HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-perfluoroketone blend
occupied and unoccupied C6- is a blend of (E)-
spaces). perfluoroketone 1[hyphen]chloro[hyphen]3,3,3[hyphen]tri
blend. fluoroprop[hyphen]1[hyphen]ene or HCFO-
1233zd(E) (CAS Reg. No. 102687-65-0)
and C6-perfluoroketone (CAS Reg. No.
756-13-8), also known as
1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5[hyphen]nonafluoro[hyp
hen]4[hyphen](trifluoromethyl)[hyphen]3
[hyphen]pentanone or FK-5-1-12.
This blend has an average ozone
depletion potential (ODP) of <0.0002
and an average 100-year global warming
potential (GWP) of less than two.
The blend is nonflammable.
The Occupational Alliance for Risk
Science (OARS) has established a
Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit
(WEEL) as an 8-hour Time-Weighted
Average (8-hr TWA) of 800 ppm for HCFO-
1233zd(E). The manufacturer of C6-
perfluoroketone recommends an
Acceptable Exposure Limit (AEL) of 150
ppm on an 8-hr TWA. The cardiotoxic No
Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)
is 8.66 percent for the blend.
Use of this agent should be in
accordance with the safety guidelines
in the latest edition of the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 2001
Standard on Clean Agent Fire
Extinguishing Systems. Safety features
that are typical of total flooding
systems such as pre-discharge alarms,
time delays, and system abort switches
should be provided, as directed by
applicable Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
regulations and NFPA standards.
For establishments manufacturing,
installing and maintaining equipment
using this agent, EPA recommends the
following:
In the case that HCFO-1233zd(E)/
C6-perfluoroketone blend is inhaled,
person(s) should be immediately removed
and exposed to fresh air; if breathing
is difficult, person(s) should seek
medical attention.
Eye wash and quick drench
facilities should be available. In case
of ocular exposure, person(s) should
immediately flush the eyes, including
under the eyelids, with water for 15
minutes.
In the case of dermal exposure,
the safety data sheet (SDS) recommends
that person(s) should immediately wash
the affected area with water and remove
all contaminated clothing to avoid
irritation.
Although unlikely, in case of
ingestion of HCFO-1233zd(E)/C6-
perfluoroketone blend, the person(s)
should drink a cup of water, if fully
conscious, and consult a physician
immediately.
Manufacturing space should be
equipped with engineering controls,
specifically an adequate exhaust
ventilation system, to effectively
mitigate potential occupational
exposure.
Employees responsible for
chemical processing should wear the
appropriate personnel protective
equipment (PPE), such as protective
gloves, tightly sealed goggles,
protective work clothing, and suitable
respiratory protection in case of
release or insufficient ventilation.
All spills should be cleaned up
immediately in accordance with good
industrial hygiene practices.
Training for safe handling
procedures should be provided to all
employees that would be likely to
handle containers of the agent or
extinguishing units filled with the
agent.
See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The EPA recommends that users consult Section VIII of the OSHA Technical Manual for information on selecting
the appropriate types of personal protective equipment for all listed fire suppression agents. The EPA has no
intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment
(e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any other
occupational safety and health standard with respect to halon substitutes.
\2\ Use of all listed fire suppression agents should conform to relevant OSHA requirements, including 29 CFR
part 1910, subpart L, sections 1910.160 and 1910.162.
\3\ Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be available in the event personnel should reenter the
area.
\4\ Discharge testing should be strictly limited to that which is essential to meet safety or performance
requirements.
\5\ The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and
recycled for later use or destroyed.
[FR Doc. 2020-23861 Filed 12-10-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
