Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration Units Review, 54178-54232 [2020-17730]
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Proposed Rules
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 60
[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0156; FRL–10013–19–
OAR]
RIN 2060–AU60
Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources and Emission
Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units Review
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
In accordance with
requirements under the Clean Air Act
(CAA), the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) performed a
periodic review of the emissions
standards and other requirements for
Other Solid Waste Incineration (OSWI)
units, covering certain very small
municipal waste combustion (VSMWC)
and institutional waste incineration
(IWI) units. Although the EPA is not
proposing revisions to the OSWI New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
and Emission Guidelines (EG)
specifically based on its statutory
periodic review, the EPA is otherwise—
in accordance with its authority under
the CAA—proposing changes to the
OSWI NSPS and EG.
DATES: Comments. Comments must be
received on or before October 15, 2020.
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act
(PRA), comments on the information
collection provisions are best assured of
consideration if the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB)
receives a copy of your comments on or
before September 30, 2020.
Public hearing. If anyone contacts us
requesting a public hearing on or before
September 8, 2020, the EPA will hold a
virtual public hearing. Please refer to
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section
for additional information on requesting
and registering for a public hearing.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–
OAR–2003–0156, by any of the
following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal:
https://www.regulations.gov/ (our
preferred method). Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
• Email: a-and-r-docket@epa.gov.
Include Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–
2003–0156 in the subject line of the
message.
• Fax: (202) 566–9744. Attention
Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–
0156.
• Mail: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center,
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SUMMARY:
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Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–
0156, Mail Code 28221T, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20460.
• Hand Delivery or Courier (by
scheduled appointment only): EPA
Docket Center, WJC West Building,
Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20004.
The Docket Center’s hours of operation
are 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m., Monday—
Friday (except Federal holidays).
Instructions: All submissions received
must include the Docket ID No. for this
rulemaking. Comments received may be
posted without change to https://
www.regulations.gov/, including any
personal information provided. For
detailed instructions on sending
comments and additional information
on the rulemaking process, see the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of
this document. Out of an abundance of
caution for members of the public and
our staff, the EPA Docket Center and
Reading Room are closed to the public,
with limited exceptions, to reduce the
risk of transmitting coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID–19). Our Docket Center
staff will continue to provide remote
customer service via email, phone, and
webform. We encourage the public to
submit comments via https://
www.regulations.gov/ or email, as there
may be a delay in processing mail and
faxes. Hand deliveries and couriers may
be received by scheduled appointment
only. For further information on EPA
Docket Center services and the current
status, please visit us online at https://
www.epa.gov/dockets. Refer to the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section
below for additional information.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
questions about this proposed action,
contact Dr. Nabanita Modak Fischer,
Sector Policies and Programs Division
(E143–05), Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; telephone number: (919) 541–
5572; fax number: (919) 541–0516; and
email address: modak.nabanita@
epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Participation in virtual public
hearing. Please note that the EPA is
deviating from its typical approach
because the President has declared a
national emergency. Due to the current
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) recommendations, as
well as state and local orders for social
distancing to limit the spread of
COVID–19, the EPA cannot hold inperson public meetings at this time.
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If requested, the virtual public hearing
will be held on September 15, 2020. The
hearing will convene at 9:00 a.m.
Eastern Time (ET) and will conclude at
5:00 p.m. ET. The EPA may close a
session 15 minutes after the last preregistered speaker has testified if there
are no additional speakers. The EPA
will announce further details on the
virtual public hearing at https://
www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-airpollution/other-solid-wasteincinerators-oswi-new-sourceperformance.
The EPA will begin pre-registering
speakers for the hearing upon
publication of this document in the
Federal Register. To register to speak at
the virtual hearing, please use the
online registration form available at
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sourcesair-pollution/other-solid-wasteincinerators-oswi-new-sourceperformance or contact Ms. Virginia
Hunt at (919) 541–0832 or by email at
hunt.virginia@epa.gov. The last day to
pre-register to speak at the hearing will
be September 14, 2020. Prior to the
hearing, the EPA will post a general
agenda that will list pre-registered
speakers in approximate order at:
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sourcesair-pollution/other-solid-wasteincinerators-oswi-new-sourceperformance.
The EPA will make every effort to
follow the schedule as closely as
possible on the day of the hearing;
however, please plan for the hearing to
run either ahead of schedule or behind
schedule.
Each commenter will have 5 minutes
to provide oral testimony. The EPA
encourages commenters to provide the
EPA with a copy of their oral testimony
electronically (via email) by emailing it
to Dr. Nabanita Modak Fischer and Ms.
Virginia Hunt. The EPA also
recommends submitting the text of your
oral testimony as written comments to
the rulemaking docket.
The EPA may ask clarifying questions
during the oral presentations but will
not respond to the presentations at that
time. Written statements and supporting
information submitted during the
comment period will be considered
with the same weight as oral testimony
and supporting information presented at
the public hearing.
Please note that any updates made to
any aspect of the hearing will be posted
online at https://www.epa.gov/
stationary-sources-air-pollution/othersolid-waste-incinerators-oswi-newsource-performance. While the EPA
expects the hearing to go forward, if
requested, as described in this
preamble, please monitor our website or
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contact Ms. Virginia Hunt at (919) 541–
0832 or hunt.virginia@epa.gov to
determine if there are any updates. The
EPA does not intend to publish a
document in the Federal Register
announcing updates.
If you require the services of a
translator or a special accommodation
such as audio description, please preregister for the hearing with Ms.
Virginia Hunt and describe your needs
by September 8, 2020. The EPA may not
be able to arrange accommodations
without advance notice.
Docket. The EPA has established a
docket for this rulemaking under Docket
ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0156. All
documents in the docket are listed on
the Regulations.gov website. Although
listed, some information is not publicly
available, e.g., Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on
the internet and will be publicly
available only in hard copy. Publicly
available docket materials are available
electronically through https://
www.regulations.gov/.
Instructions. Direct your comments to
Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–
0156. The EPA’s policy is that all
comments received will be included in
the public docket without change and
may be made available online at https://
www.regulations.gov/, including any
personal information provided, unless
the comment includes information
claimed to be CBI or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Do not submit electronically any
information that you consider to be CBI
or other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. This type of
information should be submitted by
mail as discussed below.
The EPA may publish any comment
received to its public docket.
Multimedia submissions (audio, video,
etc.) must be accompanied by a written
comment. The written comment is
considered the official comment and
should include discussion of all points
you wish to make. The EPA will
generally not consider comments or
comment contents located outside of the
primary submission (i.e., on the Web,
cloud, or other file sharing system). For
additional submission methods, the full
EPA public comment policy,
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on
making effective comments, please visit
https://www.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
The https://www.regulations.gov/
website allows you to submit your
comment anonymously, which means
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the EPA will not know your identity or
contact information unless you provide
it in the body of your comment. If you
send an email comment directly to the
EPA without going through https://
www.regulations.gov/, your email
address will be automatically captured
and included as part of the comment
that is placed in the public docket and
made available on the internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, the EPA
recommends that you include your
name and other contact information in
the body of your comment and with any
digital storage media you submit. If the
EPA cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact
you for clarification, the EPA may not
be able to consider your comment.
Electronic files should not include
special characters or any form of
encryption and be free of any defects or
viruses. For additional information
about the EPA’s public docket, visit the
EPA Docket Center homepage at https://
www.epa.gov/dockets.
The EPA is temporarily suspending
its Docket Center and Reading Room for
public visitors, with limited exceptions,
to reduce the risks of transmitting
COVID–19. Our Docket Center staff will
continue to provide remote customer
service via email, phone, and webform.
We encourage the public to submit
comments via https://
www.regulations.gov/ as there may be a
delay in processing mail and faxes.
Hand deliveries or couriers will be
received by scheduled appointment
only. For further information and
updates on EPA Docket Center services,
please visit us online at https://
www.epa.gov/dockets.
The EPA continues to carefully and
continuously monitor information from
the CDC, local area health departments,
and our federal partners so that we can
respond rapidly as conditions change
regarding COVID–19.
Submitting CBI. Do not submit
information containing CBI to the EPA
through https://www.regulations.gov/ or
email. Clearly mark the part or all of the
information that you claim to be CBI.
For CBI information on any digital
storage media that you mail to the EPA,
mark the outside of the digital storage
media as CBI and then identify
electronically within the digital storage
media the specific information that is
claimed as CBI. In addition to one
complete version of the comments that
includes information claimed as CBI,
you must submit a copy of the
comments that does not contain the
information claimed as CBI directly to
the public docket through the
procedures outlined in Instructions
above. If you submit any digital storage
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media that does not contain CBI, mark
the outside of the digital storage media
clearly that it does not contain CBI.
Information not marked as CBI will be
included in the public docket and the
EPA’s electronic public docket without
prior notice. Information marked as CBI
will not be disclosed except in
accordance with procedures set forth in
40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
part 2. Send or deliver information
identified as CBI only to the following
address: OAQPS Document Control
Officer (C404–02), OAQPS, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711, Attention Docket ID No. EPA–
HQ–OAR–2003–0156. Note that written
comments containing CBI and
submitted by mail may be delayed and
no hand deliveries will be accepted.
Preamble acronyms and
abbreviations. We use multiple
acronyms and terms in this preamble.
While this list may not be exhaustive, to
ease the reading of this preamble and for
reference purposes, the EPA identifies
the following terms and acronyms here:
ACI air curtain incinerator
ANSI American National Standards
Institute
AOGA Alaska Oil and Gas Association
ASME American Society of Mechanical
Engineers
Cd cadmium
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI Confidential Business Information
CDC Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
CDX Central Data Exchange
CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data
Reporting Interface
CEMS continuous emissions monitoring
systems
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CISWI commercial and industrial solid
waste incineration
CO carbon monoxide
COVID–19 coronavirus disease 2019
D.C. Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit
DCOT digital camera opacity technique
DF dioxins/furans
ECHO Enforcement and Compliance
History Online
EG emission guidelines
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERT Electronic Reporting Tool
ET Eastern Time
FVF fuel variability factor
HCl hydrochloric acid
Hg mercury
HMIWI hospital, medical, and infectious
waste incineration
ICR Information Collection Request
IWI institutional waste incineration
MACT maximum achievable control
technology
MSW municipal solid waste
MWC municipal waste combustor
NEI National Emissions Inventory
ng/dscm nanograms per dry standard cubic
meter
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N nitrogen
NOX oxides of nitrogen
NRDC Natural Resources Defense Council
NSPS new source performance standards
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act
OSWI other solid waste incineration
Pb lead
PM particulate matter
ppmvd parts per million by dry volume
PRA Paperwork Reduction Action
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SRI small remote incinerator
SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction
TEQ toxic equivalency factor
TMB total mass basis
TPD tons per day
mg/dscm micrograms per dry standard cubic
meter
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
VCS voluntary consensus standards
VSMWC very small municipal waste
combustion
XML extensible markup language
Organization of this document. The
information in this preamble is
organized as follows:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
B. What is the background?
C. What action is the Agency taking?
D. What is the Agency’s authority for
taking this action?
E. What data collection activities were
conducted?
F. What other relevant background
information and data are available?
G. What are the incremental costs and
benefits of this action?
II. OSWI Review and Proposed Revisions
A. CAA Section 129(a)(5) Review
B. What other actions are we proposing?
C. What compliance dates are we
proposing?
III. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and
Economic Impacts
A. What are the affected sources?
B. What are the air quality impacts?
C. What are the cost impacts?
D. What are the economic impacts?
E. What are the benefits?
IV. Request for Comments
V. Statutory and Executive Orders Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing
Regulations and Controlling Regulatory
Costs
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA)
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
J. National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act (NTTAA)
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions
To Address Environmental Justice in
Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Categories and entities potentially
affected by the proposed action are
those that operate OSWI units. The
NSPS and EG for OSWI, hereinafter
referred to as ‘‘the OSWI standards,’’
affect the categories of sources identifed
in Table 1 of this preamble:
TABLE 1—INDUSTRIAL SOURCE CATEGORIES AFFECTED BY THIS PROPOSED ACTION
Source category
NAICS code 1
Examples of potentially regulated entities
Any state, local, or tribal government using a VSMWC
unit.
Any correctional institutions using an IWI unit .................
Any nursing or residential care facilities using an OSWI
unit.
562213, 92411 ...................
Any federal government agency using an OSWI unit ......
928, 7121 ...........................
Any educational institution using an OSWI unit ...............
6111, 6112, 6113 ...............
Any church or convent using an OSWI unit .....................
Any civic or religious organization using an OSWI unit ...
Any industrial or commercial facility using a VSMWC
unit.
8131 ...................................
8134 ...................................
114, 211, 212, 221, 486 .....
Solid waste combustion units burning municipal solid
waste (MSW).
Correctional institutions.
Any nursing care, residential intellectual and developmental disability, residential mental health and substance abuse, or assisted living facilities.
Department of Defense (labs, military bases, munition
facilities) and National Parks.
Primary and secondary schools, universities, colleges,
and community colleges.
Churches and convents.
Civic associations and fraternal associations.
Oil and gas exploration operations; mining; pipeline operators; utility providers; fishing operations.
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1 North
922 7213 ............................
623 .....................................
American Industry Classification System.
This table is not intended to be
exhaustive, but rather provides a guide
for readers regarding entities likely to be
regulated by this action. This table lists
the types of entities that the EPA is now
aware could potentially be regulated by
this action. Other types of entities not
listed in the table could also be
regulated. To determine whether your
entity is regulated by this action, you
should carefully examine the
applicability criteria found in 40 CFR
60.2885, 60.2981, and 60.2991. If you
have questions regarding the
applicability of this action to a
particular entity, consult the person
listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT section.
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B. What is the background?
Section 129 of the CAA requires the
EPA to develop and adopt NSPS and EG
for solid waste incineration units in
accordance with CAA sections 129 and
111. Section 129(a) of the CAA requires
the EPA to establish NSPS for new
sources, and CAA section 129(b)
requires the EPA to establish procedures
for states to submit plans for
implementing EG for existing sources
(and see CAA sections 111(b) and (d)).
The EPA proposed NSPS and EG for
OSWI units on December 9, 2004, and
promulgated them on December 16,
2005 (70 FR 74870), at 40 CFR part 60,
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subparts EEEE and FFFF.1 Following
that final action, the Administrator
received a petition for reconsideration
of the OSWI standards, and on June 28,
2006, the EPA announced
reconsideration on the final OSWI rules
(71 FR 36726). After consideration of
comments and information received
through the reconsideration process, we
concluded that no additional changes
were necessary to the final OSWI rules
(72 FR 2620, January 22, 2007).
In addition to the administrative
reconsideration requests, some entities
petitioned for judicial review of the
2005 OSWI standards. The judicial
1 The regulations were revised on November 24,
2006 (71 FR 67802) in a direct final rule to address
corrections.
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review proceedings initially were stayed
and, ultimately, the EPA requested a
voluntary remand of the OSWI
standards. By Order dated April 21,
2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit (the D.C.
Circuit) granted the EPA’s request for a
remand. Sierra Club v. EPA, No. 06–
1066. The remand was requested to
allow the EPA to consider potential
revisions, if any, to the OSWI standards
that might be appropriate in light of
certain legal developments, including
2007 and 2008 decisions from the D.C.
Circuit.
The OSWI standards establish
maximum achievable control
technology (MACT) emission limits for
OSWI units. Under current regulations,
the term ‘‘OSWI unit’’ means either a
VSMWC unit or an IWI unit. A VSMWC
unit is any municipal waste combustion
unit that has the capacity to combust
less than 35 tons per day (TPD) of MSW
or refuse-derived fuel. An IWI unit is
any combustion unit that combusts
institutional waste and is a distinct
operating unit of the institutional
facility that generated the waste. The
OSWI standards set emission standards
for nine pollutants: Cadmium (Cd),
carbon monoxide (CO), dioxins/furans
(DF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), lead (Pb),
mercury (Hg), oxides of nitrogen (NOX),
particulate matter (PM), and sulfur
dioxide (SO2) and also establish opacity
standards.
CAA section 129(a)(5) requires the
EPA, every 5 years, to review and, in
accordance with CAA sections 129 and
111, revise standards and other
requirements for solid waste
incineration units (such as the OSWI
standards). In 2018, the U.S. District
Court for the District of Columbia found
that the EPA had failed to undertake the
requisite CAA section 129(a)(5) periodic
review of the OSWI standards and
ordered the EPA to do the review;
publish a proposed rulemaking by
August 31, 2020; and promulgate a final
rule by May 31, 2021. Sierra Club v.
Wheeler, 330 F.Supp.3d 407.
C. What action is the Agency taking?
The EPA has conducted the requisite
CAA section 129(a)(5) 5-year review,
and we are giving notice of that review.
We are not proposing any revisions to
the OSWI standards specifically based
on that review, but we are proposing
various changes to the OSWI standards,
including some changes that were
occasioned by the 2016 voluntary
remand of the OSWI standards (and the
legal developments related to that
request for a remand). In accordance
with the EPA’s general authority under
CAA section 129(a) and and as
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discussed further in sections II.A and
II.B of this preamble, we are proposing:
(1) Certain MACT floor
redeterminations; (2) changes to
applicability provisions; (3) testing and
monitoring flexibilities so that units
with rudimentary designs can
demonstrate compliance with the rule;
(4) revised regulatory provisions related
to emissions during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction (SSM); (5)
provisions for electronic reporting of
certain notifications and reports; (6)
revisions to recordkeeping and reporting
provisions consistent with the revised
testing and monitoring; (7) changes to
title V permitting requirements; and (8)
other technical edits, clarifications, and
revisions intended to improve the
understanding of the rule and improve
consistency with other CAA section 129
rules.
D. What is the Agency’s authority for
taking this action?
Section 129 of the CAA requires the
EPA to establish NSPS and EG pursuant
to sections 111 and 129 of the CAA for
new and existing solid waste
incineration units, including ‘‘other
categories of solid waste incineration
units.’’ This action amends the OSWI
standards under such authority. In
addition, CAA section 129(a)(5)
specifically requires the EPA to
periodically review and revise the
standards and the requirements for solid
waste incineration units, including
OSWI units.
The EPA has substantial discretion to
distinguish among classes, types, and
sizes of incinerator units within a
category while setting standards. CAA
section 129(a)(2) provides that standards
‘‘applicable to solid waste incineration
units promulgated under . . . [section
111] and this section shall reflect the
maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of . . . [certain listed air
pollutants] that the Administrator,
taking into consideration the cost of
achieving such emission reduction and
any non-air quality health and
environmental impacts and energy
requirements, determines is achievable
for new and existing units in each
category.’’ This level of control is
referred to as a maximum achievable
control technology, or MACT standard.
CAA section 129(a)(4) further directs the
EPA to set numeric emission limits for
certain enumerated pollutants (Cd, CO,
DF, HCl, Pb, Hg, NOX, PM, and SO2). In
addition, the standards ‘‘shall be based
on methods and technologies for
removal or destruction of pollutants.’’
CAA section 129(a)(3).
In promulgating a MACT standard,
the EPA must first calculate the
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minimum stringency levels for new and
existing solid waste incineration units
in a category, generally based on levels
of emissions control achieved in
practice by the subject units. The
minimum level of stringency is called
the MACT ‘‘floor,’’ and there are
different approaches to determining the
floors for new and/or existing sources.
For new (and reconstructed sources),
CAA section 129(a)(2) provides that the
‘‘degree of reduction in emissions that is
deemed achievable . . . shall not be less
stringent than the emissions control that
is achieved in practice by the best
controlled similar unit, as determined
by the Administrator.’’ Emissions
standards for existing units may be less
stringent than standards for new units,
but CAA section 129(a)(2) requires that
the standards ‘‘shall not be less stringent
than the average emissions limitation
achieved by the best performing 12
percent of units in the category.’’ The
MACT floors form the least stringent
regulatory option the EPA may consider
in the determination of MACT standards
for a source category. The EPA must
also determine whether to control
emissions ‘‘beyond-the-floor,’’ after
considering the costs, non-air quality
health and environmental impacts, and
energy requirements of such more
stringent control.
In general, all MACT analyses involve
an assessment of the emissions from the
best performing units in a source
category. The assessment can be based
on actual emissions data, knowledge of
the air pollution control in place in
combination with actual emissions data,
or on other information, such as state
regulatory requirements, that enables
the EPA to estimate the actual
performance of the regulated units. For
each source category, the assessment
involves a review of actual emissions
data with an appropriate accounting for
emissions variability. Other methods of
estimating emissions can be used
provided that the methods can be
shown to provide reasonable estimates
of the actual emissions performance of
a source or sources. Where there is more
than one method or technology to
control emissions, the analysis may
result in several potential regulations
(called regulatory options), one of which
is selected as MACT for each pollutant.
Each regulatory option the EPA
considers must be at least as stringent as
the minimum stringency ‘‘floor’’
requirements. The EPA must examine,
but is not necessarily required to adopt,
more stringent ‘‘beyond-the-floor’’
regulatory options to determine MACT.
Unlike the floor minimum stringency
requirements, the EPA must consider
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various impacts of the more stringent
regulatory options in determining
whether MACT standards are to reflect
‘‘beyond-the-floor’’ requirements. If the
EPA concludes that the more stringent
regulatory options have unreasonable
impacts, the EPA selects the ‘‘floorbased’’ regulatory option as MACT. If
the EPA concludes that impacts
associated with ‘‘beyond-the-floor’’
levels of control are acceptable in light
of additional emissions reductions
achieved, the EPA selects those levels as
MACT.
Under CAA section 129(a)(2), for new
sources, the EPA determines the best
control currently in use for a given
pollutant and establishes one potential
regulatory option at the emission level
achieved by that control with an
appropriate accounting for emissions
variability. More stringent potential
beyond-the-floor regulatory options
might reflect controls used on other
sources that could be applied to the
source category in question.
For existing sources, the EPA
determines the average emissions
limitation achieved by the best
performing 12 percent of units to form
the floor regulatory option. More
stringent beyond-the-floor regulatory
options reflect other or additional
controls capable of achieving better
performance.
As noted above, CAA section
129(a)(5) requires the EPA to conduct a
review of the standards at 5-year
intervals and, in accordance with CAA
sections 129 and 111, revise the
standards. In conducting periodic
reviews under CAA section 129(a)(5),
the EPA attempts to assess the
performance of and variability
associated with control measures
affecting emissions performance at
sources in the subject source category
(including the installed emissions
control equipment), along with recent
developments in practices, processes,
and control technologies, and
determines whether it is appropriate to
revise the NSPS and EG. This approach
is consistent with the requirement that
standards under CAA section 129(a)(3)
‘‘shall be based on methods and
technologies for removal or destruction
of pollutants before, during or after
combustion.’’ We do not interpret CAA
section 129(a)(5), together with CAA
section 111, as requiring the EPA to
recalculate MACT floors in connection
with this periodic review.2 This general
2 Elsewhere in the CAA, including under CAA
section 112(d)(6), the EPA is also obliged to
undertake periodic reviews. Although the nature or
scope of the periodic review under CAA section
112(d)(6) is different than under CAA section
129(a)(5), it may be worth noting that, even under
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approach is similar to the approach
taken by the EPA in periodically
reviewing CAA section 111 standards,
which, under CAA section 111(b)(1)(B),
requires the EPA, except in specified
circumstances, to review NSPS
promulgated under that section every 8
years and to revise the standards if the
EPA determines that it is appropriate to
do so.
E. What data collection activities were
conducted?
The EPA reviewed the inventory of
OSWI units developed for the current
standards and performed data gathering
to identify additional units.3 The
current OSWI rule covers VSMWC and
IWI as well as air curtain incinerators
(ACIs) combusting municipal solid
waste or institutional waste. ACIs
burning only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste are only subject to
opacity requirements in the OSWI rule.
The EPA identified 97 VSMWC, IWI,
and ACI units at 84 facilities from the
prior inventory. Data searches to
identify additional units encompassed
review of the existing EPA databases,
state permit databases, manufacturers’
websites, other government agencies,
and military and police sources.
The EPA’s Enforcement and
Compliance History Online (ECHO)
website allows users to search for
facilities by NSPS subparts.4 The ECHO
database provides integrated
compliance and enforcement
information for approximately 800,000
regulated facilities nationwide. For
facilities identified by ECHO as subject
to the OSWI NSPS, the EPA conducted
web searches and reviewed online state
air permits, where available. The EPA
added 20 units at 20 facilities to the
OSWI inventory from the ECHO search
results. No emissions data were found
for these units.
The EPA also searched the 2014
National Emissions Inventory (NEI),
Version 2, to identify facilities with
OSWI units. The NEI is a database that
contains information about sources that
emit certain air pollutants, known as
‘‘criteria’’ pollutants, their precursors,
and hazardous air pollutants. The
database includes estimates of annual
air pollutant emissions from sources in
the 50 states, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
CAA section 112(d)(6), the EPA is not obligated to
recalculate MACT floors in the course of a periodic
review. NRDC v. EPA, 529 F.3d 1077, 1084 (D.C.
Cir. 2008); Nat’l Ass’n for Surface Finishing v. EPA,
795 F.3d 1, 7–9 (D.C. Cir. 2015).
3 An OSWI inventory was developed for the 2005
rulemaking and included in Docket ID No. EPA–
HQ–OAR–2003–0156.
4 See https://echo.epa.gov/.
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The EPA collects this information and
releases an updated version of the NEI
database every 3 years. The NEI also
includes information about control
devices and control approaches. Based
on the NEI, four units at four facilities
were added to the EPA’s inventory of
OSWI sources. Emissions data are
available for only three of these units;
no emissions data were found for the
remaining unit.
The EPA searched state permit
databases and reviewed online permits,
including title V and general permits, to
identify additional OSWI units.
Fourteen additional units at 14 facilities
were identified and added to the OSWI
inventory as a result of the permit
reviews. No emissions data were found
for these units in the permit documents;
however, Pima County Department of
Environmental Quality (PDEQ) provided
a recent test report from 2019 for one
unit in Arizona.
The EPA reviewed customer lists
available on two incinerator
manufacturer websites. These
incinerators are small, portable
incinerators, and the customer lists
included universities and other entities.
Ten units at 10 facilities were added to
the OSWI inventory from incinerator
manufacturer customer lists. Other
searches included the EPA’s WebFIRE
database, the U.S. Drug Enforcement
Administration website, the National
Park Service website, the EPA’s Toxics
Release Inventory, and the California
Air Resources Board and Air Quality
Maintenance Districts websites. No
units were added to the OSWI inventory
from these data sources.
In addition to the OSWI units
identified through the data searches
described above, we also considered
and included 29 remote incinerators at
25 facilities and associated emissions
test and waste information collected
from commercial and industrial
facilities in Alaska (as further discussed
in section II.B of this preamble). Taking
these all together, a total of 174 OSWI
units at 157 facilities were identified.
These searches are documented in the
memorandum, Documentation of Data
Gathering Efforts for Other Solid Waste
Incineration (OSWI) Units, which is
available in the docket for this action.
F. What other relevant background
information and data are available?
In addition to inventorying OSWI
units, the EPA reviewed the ECHO and
the NEI information, as well as state
permit databases, for representative
emissions data for OSWI units. In state
permit databases, we obtained limited
information for two OSWI units, both
with capacities greater than 10 TPD (but
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less than 35 TPD), one located at a
Texas facility and the other at an
Arizona facility. The information for the
Texas facility included an emissions test
report for the nine OSWI pollutants for
one OSWI unit, and the information for
the Arizona facility included a test
summary for one OSWI unit. The EPA
also obtained limited emissions data (for
the nine pollutants) from the 2014 NEI,
Version 2 for three of the four OSWI
units identified in the NEI. The NEI data
did not include control device
information for these four units. We also
reviewed data collected during the
development of the NSPS and EG for
Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste
Incineration (CISWI) units,5 as well as
additional test data submitted by the
Alaska Oil and Gas Association (AOGA)
for small remote incinerators (SRI) in
Alaska (submitted in connection with a
request that the EPA modify the SRI
emission limits established in the
February 7, 2013, final CISWI rule).6
G. What are the incremental costs and
benefits of this action?
We have estimated that this proposed
rule will decrease burden by $57,000
annually. We anticipate about 31 tons
per year in emission reductions in the
CAA section 129 pollutants as a result
of the proposed amendments. See
section III of this preamble for
additional information.
II. OSWI Review and Proposed
Revisions
A. CAA Section 129(a)(5) Review
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1. How did the EPA conduct the review
under CAA section 129(a)(5)?
In conducting periodic reviews under
CAA section 129(a)(5), the EPA attempts
to assess the performance of and
variability associated with control
measures affecting emissions
performance at sources in the subject
source category (including the installed
emissions control equipment), along
with developments in practices,
processes, and control technologies. For
development of the proposed rule, the
EPA reviewed available performance
data for currently operating OSWI units
or the best representative sources. In
5 Includes emissions data collected from Phase II
of the CISWI ICR survey used to support the March
21, 2011 CISWI final rule (76 FR 15704) as well as
the 2013 CISWI final reconsideration (78 FR 9112,
February 7, 2013).
6 As further discussed in sections II.B.1 and II.B.2
of this preamble, the EPA has re-evaluated the
applicability of the CISWI rules to certain
incinerators burning more than 30-percent MSW
and is also proposing to revise the OSWI rules such
that the OSWI standards will be applicable to these
incinerators, which would be treated as VSMWC
units.
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reviewing the standards based on
currently available emissions
information, we address the CAA
section 129(a)(5) review’s goals of
assessing the performance efficiency of
the installed equipment and ensuring
that the emission limits reflect the
performance of the technologies
required by the MACT standards. In
addition, we considered whether new
technologies and processes and
improvements in practices have been
demonstrated at sources subject to the
2005 OSWI rule.
Our review focused on identifying
OSWI units to develop an inventory of
units and evaluating developments in
processes and control technologies that
have occurred since the OSWI standards
were promulgated. Where we identified
additional units or new developments at
units, we analyzed their emissions and
controls and the technical feasibility,
estimated costs, energy implications,
and non-air environmental impacts of
any identified controls. We also
considered emission reductions
associated with applying each
development, if any. This analysis
informed our decision of whether to
revise the OSWI emissions standards. In
addition, we considered the
appropriateness of applying controls to
new sources versus retrofitting existing
sources. For these purposes, we
considered any of the following to be a
development:
• Any add-on control technology or
other equipment that was not identified
and considered during development of
the original standards;
• any improvements in previously
identified and considered add-on
control technology or other equipment
that could result in additional emissions
reduction;
• any process change or pollution
prevention alternative that could be
broadly applied to the industry and that
was not identified or considered during
development of the original standards;
and
• any significant changes in the cost
(including cost effectiveness) of
applying controls (including controls
the EPA considered during the
development of the original standards).
In addition to reviewing the processes
and control technologies that were
considered at the time we originally
developed the OSWI standards, we
reviewed, as discussed in sections I.E
and I.F of this preamble, a variety of
data sources in our investigation of
potential processes or controls to
consider.
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54183
2. Results and Proposed Actions From
the EPA’s CAA Section 129(a)(5) Review
We identified limited emissions data
for three out of four OSWI units from
the NEI, and emissions test data for two
new large OSWI units from state permit
documentation that demonstrate
compliance with the OSWI standards
through use of add-on control devices
similar to those considered during the
original OSWI rule development. From
the limited data available, we did not
identify any new developments in
practices, processes, or control
technologies for any OSWI units. Based
strictly on our 5-year review analysis,
we do not believe that any changes to
the OSWI standards are appropriate,
and, accordingly, the EPA is not
proposing any revisions pursuant to
CAA section 129(a)(5).
B. What other actions are we proposing?
Although not predicated on the CAA
section 129(a)(5) review, the EPA is
taking the opportunity to propose
certain changes to the OSWI standards
in light of other developments and our
experience with the CAA section 129
solid waste incinerator rules, as well as
considerations associated with the 2016
remand of the 2005 OSWI standards.
Thus, we are proposing changes to
OSWI sub-categories and related MACT
floor recalculations. Additionally, we
are proposing other applicability-related
and definitional changes. These
proposed revisions are discussed in
sections II.B.1 and II.B.2 of this
preamble. We are also proposing
changes to the SSM provisions; the
testing, monitoring, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements; the applicability
of title V permitting for certain ACIs;
and miscellaneous other technical and
editorial changes to the regulatory text.
These proposed changes are discussed
in sections II.B.3 through II.B.8 of this
preamble.
1. Proposed Revisions to the MACT
Floor
We are proposing MACT floor
recalculations for the OSWI source
category in light of the 2016 voluntary
remand of judicial proceedings relating
to the OSWI standards, as well as public
comments regarding the final OSWI
standards (70 FR 74870, December 16,
2005) that raised issues that, upon
further consideration, we believe should
be readdressed. At the time the EPA set
the OSWI standards, we lacked
emissions data on OSWI units, and the
emission limits were based on
information for similar sources in the
hospital, medical, and infectious waste
incineration (HMIWI) unit source
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category, considering the similarities in
combustion unit size, design,
operations, and waste composition
between OSWI and HMIWI units.7 We
have now collected additional
information on two new OSWI units
(constructed after the OSWI standards
were issued) and emissions information
for certain existing small incineration
units located in Alaska that previously
have been regarded as CISWI units, as
small remote incinerators (SRI), but—
under this proposal—are treated as
OSWI units.8 We are proposing to
consider the existing SRI units as
VSMWC units subject to the OSWI
standards. In light of the voluntary
remand and the additional data
gathered, we are proposing revised
subcategories and MACT standards that
better reflect actual emissions test data
from OSWI units and the population of
OSWI. These standards are based, in
part, on the size of the OSWI unit. The
proposed standards are more
representative of and better reflect the
emissions achievable for new and
existing units in each category required
under CAA sections 129(a)(2) and (4).
The EPA did not previously address
SRI units in the OSWI standards. At the
time the OSWI standards were
promulgated, we contemplated
regulating the small incinerators that are
located at commercial businesses or
industrial sites as CISWI units under
future revisions to the final CISWI rules
(70 FR 74882). Prior to revising the
CISWI standards, we had insufficient
information about the small units
operated in the commercial and
7 The 2005 MACT standards were developed
based on the best representative sources. For new
IWI and VSMWC units, the MACT floor emission
limits were based on emissions information from
HMIWIs similar in size, design, and operation and
using medium-efficiency wet scrubbers for
emissions control. For existing IWI and VSMWC
units, the EPA considered the MACT floor based on
emissions test information from small,
uncontrolled, modular/starved air municipal waste
combustion (MWC) units that were collected during
the MWC regulatory development process.
However, the EPA had also identified one existing
OSWI unit, an IWI unit, with a medium efficiency
wet scrubber. Therefore, the EPA ultimately set
beyond-the-floor standards for existing OSWI
reflecting the use of a medium-efficiency wet
scrubber, based on the emission limits that were
achievable considering the available HMIWI data.
8 The CISWI NSPS are found at 40 CFR part 60,
subpart CCCC, and the EG are found at 40 CFR part
60, subpart DDDD (collectively the ‘‘CISWI
standards’’). The CISWI standards initially were
promulgated in 2000 (60 FR 75338) and revised in
2005 (70 FR 55568), 2011 (76 FR 15704), 2013 (78
FR 9112), and 2016 (81 FR 40956). The CISWI
standards generally apply to operating units of
commercial or industrial facilities that combust
solid waste (see, e.g., 40 CFR 60.2015 and 60.2265).
The CISWI standards cover certain small, remote
incinerators (SRI) that combust three TPD or less of
solid waste and are located more than 25 miles from
a MSW landfill (see, e.g., 40 CFR 60.2265).
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industrial facilities (e.g., operating at oil
exploration sites or oil-field based
camps) to determine if they could be
treated as VSMWC units. In 2010, in
connection with a CISWI rulemaking,
the EPA conducted an Information
Collection Request (ICR) to collect data
for these small incinerators. The data,
however, did not provide detailed
information on the type of waste these
units were burning (i.e., industrial waste
or municipal-type waste generated
onsite) and the percentages of each type
being combusted. Consistent with our
stated intent during the OSWI
rulemaking, the EPA set the emission
standards for the SRI subcategory under
the CISWI rule because such
combustion units are located at
commercial/industrial facilities
(typically in isolated areas of Alaska).
In June 2017, AOGA submitted to the
EPA data that provided additional
information on waste characterization
for SRI in Alaska. The new data
indicated that most such units burn
more than 30-percent municipal type
solid waste; that is, the type of waste
material—regardless whether it is
collected from households, the general
public, institutions, commercial or
industrial operations, or some
combination—that is typically regarded
as municipal waste.
Based on the new information
provided by AOGA in 2017 and a reevaluation of the OSWI definition of
MSW and related terms, we
reconsidered the dividing line between
the OSWI standards and the CISWI
standards. Units that combust more than
30 percent MSW, even units located at
commercial or industrial facilities, that
otherwise meet the definition of
VSMWC (as proposed herein), including
units with a capacity of three TPD or
less located away from MSW landfills,
should be subject to the OSWI rule
instead of the CISWI standards.9
Consistent with this revised approach
on the coverage or applicability of the
OSWI standards, we have considered
the information from AOGA in
recalculating the MACT floors—for
certain subcategories of OSWI units.
As noted in section I.F of this
preamble, we have also gathered
emissions information on two OSWI
units constructed since 2005, with
waste capacities greater than 10 TPD
9 Incinerators that burn less than 30-percent MSW
and are located at an industrial or commercial
facility, including SRI, would remain subject to the
CISWI rule. However, the units under consideration
here are burning greater than 30-percent MSW,
according to AOGA members. For a more detailed
discussion of OSWI applicability-related issues and
proposals relating to OSWI definitions, see the
discussion in section II.B.2 of this preamble.
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(but less than 35 TPD), including one at
a Texas facility and one at a facility in
Arizona. Both of these units are
continuously-fed rotary combustors that
use add-on air pollution control devices,
including wet and dry scrubbers and
fabric filters, to comply with the current
OSWI standards.
In light of the design and compliance
information obtained for two OSWI
units (one in Arizona and one in Texas)
and the addition of design and
operational information from the CISWI
ICR and the AOGA for the SRI units, we
are proposing to subcategorize IWI and
VSMWC units based on size. The two
subcategories proposed are large units
that have capacities greater than 10 TPD
and small units that have capacities less
than or equal to 10 TPD. For
incineration units, differences in size
typically reflect differences in operation
and equipment complexity. Units with
capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD
typically feed waste to the unit in
batches and some units may not even be
equipped with stacks. Units larger than
10 TPD typically feed waste to the unit
continuously or semi-continuously and
also typically have stacks or flues that
can be routed to air pollution control
devices. Therefore, we are proposing
subcategories as follows: (1) VSMWC
units with a capacity to combust less
than or equal to 10 TPD of MSW or
refuse-derived fuel; (2) IWI units with a
capacity to combust less than or equal
to 10 TPD of institutional waste; (3)
VSMWC units with a capacity to
combust greater than 10 TPD of MSW or
refuse-derived fuel (but less than 35
TPD); and (4) IWI units with a capacity
to combust greater than 10 TPD of
institutional waste. In connection with
this size-based sub-categorization, we
are also proposing to add a definition of
‘‘small OSWI unit,’’ a unit with a
capacity less than or equal to 10 TPD.
(Accordingly, the term ‘‘small OSWI
unit’’ will be used, hereinafter, to refer
to units with capacities less than or
equal to ten TPD.)
Based on the updated inventory,
emissions, and waste data provided by
AOGA, we have developed revised
emission limits for existing small OSWI
units, using the average emission
limitation of the best performing 12
percent of such sources and also
considering variability in emissions,
consistent with CAA section 129(a)(2).
To calculate the MACT floor emission
limits for small existing OSWI sources,
we considered the available test run
data 10 provided in response to the 2010
10 Run data includes the emissions data captured
during a stack test comprising at least three
sampling runs.
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ICR and test data from 2014 submitted
in June 2017 by AOGA in their attempt
to address concerns that they had with
the 2010 ICR data pertaining to the
emissions test data representativeness
and waste variability. In the MACT floor
analysis, we used the run data from the
2010 and 2014 emission tests to
calculate the 99th percentile upper
limits (UL) statistical interval for the
best 12 percent of such incineration
units for each pollutant to address the
range of operating conditions of the
incinerator. The UL is a common
statistical interval used to address
variability and was the same statistical
interval used to calculate the CISWI SRI
emission limits (76 FR 15723, March 21,
2011).
In addition to addressing the range of
operating conditions of the incinerator,
AOGA noted that the waste profile of
the 2010 emissions test data was not
representative of the range of wastes
combusted during normal operations.
The AOGA asserted that the testing sites
seemed to misinterpret the goal of the
testing and may have prepared ‘‘best
case’’ waste for the 2010 testing instead
of a more representative waste profile.
To address this, accompanying the
additional emission tests conducted in
2014, AOGA also submitted waste
composition and elemental analysis
data for nitrogen (N), Cd, Pb, Hg,
chlorine, and sulfur in the wastes
combusted (sometimes also referred to
as the ‘‘fuel’’ in similar fuel variability
factor (FVF) calculations used in boiler
and CISWI standards for certain
pollutants). We applied the EPA’s
previous analytical approach of
calculating FVF to calculate an
analogous ‘‘waste variability factor’’
(WVF) for small OSWI units since these
units are not designed to co-fire waste
with coal or other solid fuels, and
applied this WVF to the 99-percentile
UL calculation for the six pollutants that
are influenced directly by waste
54185
composition; Cd, HCl, Pb, Hg, SO2, and
NOX. A detailed discussion of the
emission limit calculation can be found
in the memorandum, OSWI Emission
Limit Calculations for Existing and New
Sources, which is available in the
docket for this action.
The new proposed emission limits for
the pollutants regulated under CAA
section 129(a)(4) (Cd, HCl, Pb, Hg, SO2,
NOX, PM, DF, and CO) are shown in
Table 2 of this preamble. We are
providing two options for limits for DF,
one based on the total mass basis (TMB)
and one based on the toxic equivalency
factor (TEQ). As we have done for other
CAA section 129 standards, sources may
meet one or the other of the DF limits,
but are not required to meet both. We
are proposing to apply these revised
emission limits for small VSMWC and
IWI units (with capacity less than or
equal to 10 TPD of solid waste), as the
data reflect our best knowledge of
existing OSWI units of this size.
TABLE 2—REVISED OSWI STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SMALL OSWI UNITS 1
Pollutant
Concentration units
Cd ...............................................................................................
HCl ..............................................................................................
Pb ...............................................................................................
Hg ...............................................................................................
SO2 .............................................................................................
NOX .............................................................................................
PM ..............................................................................................
DF (TMB) 4 ..................................................................................
DF (TEQ) 4 ..................................................................................
CO ..............................................................................................
μg/dscm 2 ....................................................................................
ppmvd 3 .......................................................................................
μg/dscm ......................................................................................
μg/dscm ......................................................................................
Ppmvd ........................................................................................
Ppmvd ........................................................................................
mg/dscm .....................................................................................
ng/dscm 5 ....................................................................................
ng/dscm ......................................................................................
Ppmvd ........................................................................................
Revised
emission
limit
2,000
500
32,000
69
130
210
280
4,700
86
220
1 Emission
limits are for small existing VSMWC and IWI units with capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD.
per dry standard cubic meters.
per million by dry volume.
4 For DF, you must meet either the TMB limit or the TEQ limit.
5 Nanograms per dry standard cubic meters.
2 Micrograms
3 Parts
We are also proposing to revise the
MACT floors for new, small OSWI units
(both VSMWC and IWI). Section
129(a)(2) of the CAA requires that
MACT for new sources be no less
stringent than the emissions control
achieved in practice by the best
controlled similar unit. Therefore, the
approach for new sources was similar to
that used with the existing sources (i.e.,
99 percentile UL with FVF applied for
the pollutants influenced by waste
composition), except the top performing
unit’s data were used to calculate the
MACT floor emission limit instead of
the average of the best performing 12
percent of units. A detailed discussion
of the emission limit calculation can be
found in the memorandum, OSWI
Emission Limit Calculations for Existing
and New Sources, which is available in
the docket for this action. The new
source emission limits are shown in
Table 3 of this preamble.
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TABLE 3—REVISED OSWI STANDARDS FOR NEW SMALL OSWI UNITS 1
Pollutant
Concentration units
Cd ...............................................................................................
HCl ..............................................................................................
Pb ...............................................................................................
Hg ...............................................................................................
SO2 .............................................................................................
NOX .............................................................................................
PM ..............................................................................................
DF (TMB) ....................................................................................
μg/dscm ......................................................................................
ppmvd .........................................................................................
μg/dscm ......................................................................................
μg/dscm ......................................................................................
ppmvd .........................................................................................
ppmvd .........................................................................................
mg/dscm .....................................................................................
ng/dscm ......................................................................................
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400
210
26,000
12
38
180
210
3,100
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TABLE 3—REVISED OSWI STANDARDS FOR NEW SMALL OSWI UNITS 1—Continued
Revised
emission
limit
Pollutant
Concentration units
DF (TEQ) ....................................................................................
CO ..............................................................................................
ng/dscm ......................................................................................
ppmvd .........................................................................................
1 Emission
40
69
limits are for small new VSMWC and IWI units with capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD.
For OSWI units that are not small
OSWI units, we have not recalculated
the MACT floors and are not proposing
any changes to the emissions
limitations. As mentioned before, large
VSMWC and IWI units (with capacities
greater than 10 TPD) have a different
design and mode of operation than
small OSWI units. We do not have
sufficient information on these units
that would enable us to revise the
MACT floor for these existing OSWI
units, and we are not proposing any
changes to the current OSWI limits for
existing sources for these units.
Emissions data for two units in this size
category demonstrate that sources
require use of add-on control devices
similar to those considered in the
development of the 2005 OSWI
standards to meet the emission limits,
which supports our decision to retain
the 2005 OSWI emission limits for this
OSWI subcategory. Information
provided on the units shows that the
units are meeting the current OSWI
emission limits and are in compliance
with the current rule. We are not
proposing any changes to the current
OSWI emission limits for VSMWC and
IWI units with capacities greater than 10
TPD (new and existing).
The EPA also examined whether it
was appropriate to adopt more stringent
‘‘beyond-the-floor’’ regulatory options to
determine MACT. Unlike the floor
minimum stringency requirements, the
EPA must consider various impacts of
the more stringent regulatory options in
determining whether MACT standards
are to reflect ‘‘beyond-the-floor’’
requirements, including considering the
costs, non-air quality health and
environmental impacts, and energy
requirements of such more stringent
control. Small OSWI units often are of
very basic, rudimentary design and
function, as discussed in section II.B.4
of this preamble. Requiring additional
controls on small OSWI units is
infeasible or simply would be cost
prohibitive. For OSWI units with
capacities greater than 10 TPD, the 2005
final rule already incorporated beyondthe-floor requirements. We do not have
sufficient information for large OSWI
units that would enable us to revise the
beyond the floor limits in this action.
However, based on the information we
have from the 2005 rule, requiring any
further controls would likely only
provide minimal emissions reductions
with substantial cost investments.
Considering these factors, we concluded
that revised beyond-the-floor limits are
unreasonable for the OSWI
subcategories. A more detailed
discussion of the beyond-the-floor
analyses is provided in the
memordandum, OSWI Emission Limit
Calculations for Existing and New
Sources, which is available in the
docket for this action.
In the 2005 final OSWI rule, we also
established opacity standards for ACI
units that would otherwise meet the
definitions of IWI or VSMWC units, but
burn only 100-percent wood wastes,
100-percent clean lumber, 100-percent
yard waste, or 100-percent mixture of
only wood waste, clean lumber, and
yard waste. We are not proposing any
changes to the opacity standards for
these units. However, ACIs that do not
burn only 100-percent wood wastes,
clean lumber, or yard wastes and that
would meet the definition of an IWI or
VSMWC unit would be required to meet
the applicable OSWI standards.
The emission limits, including the
proposed revised limits for small OSWI
units and the (unchanged) limits for
units with capacities greater than 10
TPD, are summarized in Table 4 of this
preamble.
TABLE 4—LIMITS FOR OSWI UNITS, INCLUDING PROPOSED LIMITS FOR SMALL OSWI UNITS
Existing VSMWC and IWI units
Pollutant
New VSMWC and IWI units
Concentration units
Small 1
Cd ......................................................
HCl ....................................................
Pb ......................................................
Hg ......................................................
SO2 ...................................................
NOX ...................................................
PM .....................................................
DF (TMB) ..........................................
DF (TEQ) ..........................................
CO .....................................................
μg/dscm ............................................
ppmvd ...............................................
μg/dscm ............................................
μg/dscm ............................................
ppmvd ...............................................
ppmvd ...............................................
mg/dscm ...........................................
ng/dscm ............................................
ng/dscm ............................................
ppmvd ...............................................
Large 2
2,000
500
32,000
69
130
210
280
4,700
86
220
Small 1
18
15
226
74
3.1
103
30
33
-3
40
400
210
26,000
12
38
180
210
3,100
40
69
Large 2
18
15
226
74
3.1
103
30
33
-3
40
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1 Small
units include those with capacity less than or equal to 10 TPD.
basis is from 2005 OSWI Rule. For PM, the 2005 OSWI standard is shown as mg/dscm rather than grains per dscf.
TEQ basis was not calculated for the 2005 rule.
2 Limit
3 DF
2. Proposed Revisions to Applicability
of OSWI Requirements
We are proposing two changes to the
applicability of the OSWI standards in
order to resolve inconsistent definitions
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between OSWI and other CAA section
129 rulemakings, and update aspects of
the rule that we have reconsidered
based on new data. The proposed
changes include (1) removing the
definition of the term ‘‘collected from’’
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as used in, and limiting the definition
of, ‘‘municipal solid waste’’ in order to
place the focus on the source and type
or nature of the waste, rather than the
manner in which is it ‘‘collected’’ and
(2) modifying the OSWI definition of
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‘‘municipal waste combustion unit’’ to
make it clear that pyrolysis/combustion
units are not OSWI units.
First, we are clarifying that the
applicability of the OSWI standards to
VSMWC units is based on the source
and type or nature of waste incinerated
rather than the particular manner in
which the waste is collected. The
regulatory history of the MWC rules
indicates that the EPA intended to
determine the applicability of the MWC
rule based on the type of waste
combusted in a unit and not based on
the location of the incineration unit (54
FR 52261, December 20, 1989). The
2005 OSWI rule finalized a definition of
‘‘municipal solid waste’’ that was
similar to the definition of ‘‘municipal
waste’’ provided in CAA section
129(g)(5), but interpreted this, for the
purposes of VSMWC applicability under
OSWI, to mean that the municipal waste
must be ‘‘collected from’’ certain or
multiple sites. We have since reevaluated our interpretation in OSWI
where the rule explains municipal
waste must be limited to those collected
from outside the site of the incinerator.
Other existing CAA section 129
incinerator rules do not necessarily
place the same emphasis on where the
waste is collected. The principal MWC
rules, for example, do not focus on or
even define ‘‘collected from,’’ and,
instead, more broadly include materials
discarded by a wide range of sources,
regardless of how or where the waste
may be ‘‘collected’’ (see, e.g., 40 CFR
60.51b and 60.1465). We are proposing
to modify the definitions in the OSWI
standards to remove the specific
definition of ‘‘collected from’’ and, thus,
to eliminate the limitation that waste
may not be burned at the same site
where it is generated in order for it to
be considered MSW.
We are, accordingly, proposing a
different approach to the treatment of
MSW under the OSWI standards than
we opted to pursue when the standards
were promulgated. There, we stated that
‘‘small incinerators that are located at
commercial business (such as stores,
restaurants and apartments) or
industrial sites are not VSMWC units
because they do not burn waste which
has been ‘collected from.’ ’’ (70 FR
74882). Under this proposal, such
incinerators would no longer be subject
to this ‘‘collected from’’ limitation and
would qualify as VSMWC (provided
these units burn more than 30-percent
MSW).11 We believe this approach is
11 An incinerator is not considered to be
combusting MSW ‘‘if it combusts a fuel feed stream,
30 percent or less of the weight of which is
comprised, in aggregate, of municipal solid waste.’’
See, e.g., 40 CFR 60.2977.
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more consistent with the EPA’s other
CAA section 129 MWC rules. We also
believe, on further review, that this
approach is more consistent with the
CAA section 129 definition of
‘‘municipal waste.’’ Section 129(g)(5) of
the CAA essentially defines the term
‘‘municipal waste’’ to mean refuse
‘‘collected from the general public and
from residential, commercial,
institutional, and industrial sources
consisting of paper, wood, yard wastes,
food wastes, plastics, leather, rubber
and other combustible materials and
non-combustible materials such as
metal, glass and rock.’’ We do not read
this definition as necessitating that, to
constitute MSW, the material or refuse
must be a cumulative collection of
refuse from each and every one of the
sources identified (that is, the ‘‘general
public,’’ ‘‘residential,’’ or ‘‘commercial’’
sources) or even necessarily of multiple
such sources. Moreover, the term
‘‘collected from’’ is not defined in the
CAA, and we do not read it as
necessarily requiring (for waste to be
considered MSW) that the waste must
be transferred from one site and burned
at another site.
Next, we are proposing to revise the
OSWI definition of ‘‘municipal waste
combustion unit’’ to remove the
reference to ‘‘pyrolysis/combustion
units.’’ The term is not defined in the
current regulation and there is no
similar specific reference to such units
in the institutional waste incineration
unit definition. In the preamble to the
OSWI standards, we briefly stated that
‘‘pyrolysis/combustion units (two
chamber incinerators with a starved air
primary chamber followed by an
afterburner to complete combustion)
within the VSMWC and IWI
subcategories are considered OSWI
units’’ (70 FR 74876 and 74877). In the
recent past, however, the EPA has
received several inquiries about OSWI
applicability to pyrolysis/combustion
units, and we believe that there is
considerable confusion in the regulated
community regarding the reference to
pyrolysis/combustion units in the
definition of municipal waste
combustion unit. Upon further review of
the language in the final OSWI rule (70
FR 74876 and 74877), we believe the
reference to pyrolysis/combustion units
as MWC should not apply to OSWI
units because such units are used to
combust uncontained gases and do not
involve the combustion of solid waste as
defined in the OSWI rule. See 70 FR
74877 (where we noted that units that
are used to combust uncontained gases
and are not used to dispose of solid
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waste generally are not subject to the
OSWI standards).
An OSWI unit is either a VSMWC or
an IWI, and both types of units combust
‘‘solid waste.’’ Solid waste includes
solid, liquid, and semisolid material.
Solid waste also includes ‘‘contained
gaseous material,’’ defined as gases that
are in a container when that container
is combusted (40 CFR 60.2977, 60.3078).
The combustion of uncontained gases
in pyrolysis/combustion units is
inconsistent with the definition of solid
waste and the associated definition of
‘‘contained gaseous material’’ in OSWI,
and therefore, with solid waste
combustion for the purpose of the OSWI
rule. The EPA understands pyrolysis to
be a process that takes place in an inert
environment. In a closely coupled
pyrolysis/combustion chamber, the
gaseous material comes out of the
pyrolysis chamber and immediately is
incinerated in the combustion chamber.
The pyrolysis gas is not placed into a
container and then combusted.
Therefore, the pyrolysis gas in the
closely coupled pyrolysis/combustion
chamber is not ‘‘contained gaseous
material,’’ as referenced in the
definition of solid waste. We noted in
connection with the promulgation of the
OSWI standards that thermal oxidizers,
catalytic oxidizers, and flameless
thermal oxidizers are not considered to
be subject to the OSWI rule if these
units are used to combust uncontained
gas from an industrial process (70 FR
74877). Moreover, unlike combustion,
the pyrolysis process is endothermic
and does not require the addition of
oxygen (i.e. the partial pressure of
oxygen during a pyrolysis process is
maintained close to zero). Based on this
understanding, we recognize that the
pyrolysis process, by itself, is not
combustion. In summary, because the
pyrolysis itself is not combustion and
pyrolysis gases are not a ‘‘solid waste’’
under OSWI, a pyrolysis-combustion
unit should not be referenced in the
definition of MWC unit for the purposes
of the OSWI rule.12 Accordingly, we are
12 Discarded material that is processed in such a
unit would still be a solid waste under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and,
therefore, subject to state RCRA Subtitle D solid
waste management program requirements. In the
case of hazardous waste, RCRA sections 3002(a) and
3004(a) grant the EPA the authority to control
gaseous emissions from hazardous waste
management as may be necessary to protect human
health and the environment. RCRA sections
3004(n), and (o)(1)(B), further direct the EPA to
regulate air emissions from, respectively, hazardous
waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities, and
hazardous waste incinerators. The authority
provided in RCRA section 3004(q) to regulate fuel
produced from hazardous waste also encompasses
gaseous fuels (when they are produced from
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proposing to revise the definition of
‘‘municipal waste combustion unit’’ in
40 CFR 60.2977 and 40 CFR 60.3078 to
remove the reference to ‘‘pyrolysis/
combustion units’’ from the definition,
reflecting our view that such units
should not be regarded as municipal
waste combustion units under the OSWI
rule.
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3. Proposed Removal of SSM Provisions
Currently, the OSWI standards do not
apply during SSM periods (see 40 CFR
60.2918, 60.3025). The EPA proposes to
eliminate this limitation or qualification
on the applicability of the OSWI
standards. The EPA proposes this
change in light of the 2016 remand and
certain legal developments, including a
decision by the D.C. Circuit that
invalidated certain regulations related to
SSM in the 40 CFR part 63 General
Provisions (Sierra Club v. EPA, 551 F.3d
1019 (2008)). While the decision did not
specifically address the SSM provisions
in the OSWI standards, it calls those
provisions into question.
We are not proposing separate
emission standards for OSWI units that
would apply during SSM periods. We
determined that OSWI units will be able
to meet the emission limits during
periods of startup because most units
burn natural gas or clean distillate oil to
start, and waste is not added until the
unit has reached combustion
temperatures. Emissions from burning
natural gas or distillate fuel oil would
generally be significantly lower than
from burning solid wastes. During
shutdown periods, emissions are also
generally significantly lower than
emissions during normal operations
because the materials in the incinerator
will be almost fully combusted before
shutdown occurs. Control of the lower
emissions during startup and shutdown
should be able to be accomplished using
the same technological controls required
for emissions during normal operations.
Furthermore, the approach for
establishing the revised MACT floors for
OSWI units ranked individual OSWI or
similar units based on actual
performance for each pollutant, with an
appropriate accounting of emissions
variability. Because we accounted for
emissions variability and established
appropriate averaging times to
hazardous wastes). The authority provided in RCRA
section 3004(u) to control ‘‘releases’’ of hazardous
constituents from solid waste management units at
a facility seeking a RCRA permit also encompasses
gaseous releases (when the gases are hazardous
constituents). The authority granted under these
sections of the statute is independent of the EPA’s
authorities over solid waste. As an example, the
EPA has authority to regulate emissions generated
during treatment of hazardous waste, including
volatilization and incineration of hazardous waste.
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determine compliance with the
proposed OSWI standards, we believe
we have adequately addressed any
minor variability that may potentially
occur during startup or shutdown.
However, we note that we do not have
available data for OSWI units during
periods of startup and shutdown. We
request comment on the proposed
removal of the SSM provisions and the
proposal to leave in place the OSWI
standards during SSM periods,
including any additional information for
consideration for startup and shutdown
periods for OSWI units.
Periods of startup, normal operations,
and shutdown are all predictable and
routine aspects of a source’s operations.
Malfunctions, in contrast, are neither
predictable nor routine. Instead they
are, by definition, sudden, infrequent,
and not reasonably preventable failures
of emissions control, process, or
monitoring equipment (see 40 CFR
60.2). The EPA interprets CAA section
129 as not requiring emissions that
occur during periods of malfunction to
be factored into development of CAA
section 129 standards. Under CAA
section 129, emissions standards for
new sources must be no less stringent
than the level ‘‘achieved’’ by the best
controlled similar source and for
existing sources generally must be no
less stringent than the average emission
limitation ‘‘achieved’’ by the best
performing 12 percent of sources in the
category. There is nothing in CAA
section 129 that directs the Agency to
consider malfunctions in determining
the level ‘‘achieved’’ by the best
performing sources when setting
emission standards. As the D.C. Circuit
has recognized, the phrase ‘‘average
emissions limitation achieved by the
best performing 12 percent of’’ sources
‘‘says nothing about how the
performance of the best units is to be
calculated.’’ Nat’l Ass’n of Clean Water
Agencies v. EPA, 734 F.3d 1115, 1141
(DC Cir. 2013). While the EPA accounts
for variability in setting emissions
standards, nothing in CAA section 129
requires the Agency to consider
malfunctions as part of that analysis.
The EPA is not required to treat a
malfunction in the same manner as the
type of variation in performance that
occurs during routine operations of a
source. A malfunction is a failure of the
source to perform in a ‘‘normal or usual
manner’’ and no statutory language
compels the EPA to consider such
events in setting CAA section 129
standards. The EPA’s approach to
malfunctions in the analogous
circumstances (setting ‘‘achievable’’
standards under CAA section 112) has
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been upheld as reasonable by the D.C.
Circuit in U.S. Sugar Corp. v. EPA, 830
F.3d 579, 606–610 (2016).
As the D.C. Circuit recognized in U.S.
Sugar Corp., accounting for
malfunctions in setting standards would
be difficult, if not impossible, given the
myriad different types of malfunctions
that can occur across all sources in the
category and given the difficulties
associated with predicting or accounting
for the frequency, degree, and duration
of various malfunctions that might
occur. Id. at 608 (‘‘the EPA would have
to conceive of a standard that could
apply equally to the wide range of
possible boiler malfunctions, ranging
from an explosion to minor mechanical
defects. Any possible standard is likely
to be hopelessly generic to govern such
a wide array of circumstances.’’) As
such, the performance of units that are
malfunctioning is not ‘‘reasonably’’
foreseeable. See, e.g., Sierra Club v.
EPA, 167 F.3d 658, 662 (D.C. Cir. 1999)
(‘‘The EPA typically has wide latitude
in determining the extent of datagathering necessary to solve a problem.
We generally defer to an agency’s
decision to proceed on the basis of
imperfect scientific information, rather
than to ‘invest the resources to conduct
the perfect study. ’’) See also,
Weyerhaeuser v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011,
1058 (D.C. Cir. 1978) (‘‘In the nature of
things, no general limit, individual
permit, or even any upset provision can
anticipate all upset situations. After a
certain point, the transgression of
regulatory limits caused by
‘uncontrollable acts of third parties,’
such as strikes, sabotage, operator
intoxication or insanity, and a variety of
other eventualities, must be a matter for
the administrative exercise of case-bycase enforcement discretion, not for
specification in advance by
regulation.’’). In addition, emissions
during a malfunction event can be
significantly higher than emissions at
any other time of source operation. For
example, if an air pollution control
device with 99-percent removal goes offline as a result of a malfunction (as
might happen if, for example, the bags
in a baghouse catch fire) and the
emission unit is a steady state type unit
that would take days to shut down, the
source would go from 99-percent
control to zero control until the control
device was repaired. The source’s
emissions during the malfunction
would be 100 times higher than during
normal operations. As such, the
emissions over a 4-day malfunction
period would exceed the annual
emissions of the source during normal
operations. As this example illustrates,
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accounting for malfunctions could lead
to standards that are not reflective of
(and significantly less stringent than)
levels that are achieved by a wellperforming non-malfunctioning source.
It is reasonable to interpret CAA section
129 to avoid such a result. The EPA’s
approach to malfunctions is consistent
with CAA section 129 and is a
reasonable interpretation of the statute.
Although no statutory language
compels the EPA to set standards for
malfunctions, the EPA has the
discretion to do so where feasible. For
example, in the Petroleum Refinery
Sector Risk and Technology Review, the
EPA established a work practice
standard for unique types of
malfunction that result in releases from
pressure relief devices or emergency
flaring events because the EPA had
information to determine that such work
practices reflected the level of control
that applies to the best performers. 80
FR 75178, 75211 through 14 (December
1, 2015). The EPA will consider whether
circumstances warrant setting standards
for a particular type of malfunction and,
if so, whether the EPA has sufficient
information to identify the relevant best
performing sources and establish a
standard for such malfunctions. We note
that there are no provisions for
establishing work practice standards
under CAA section 129.
In the event that a source fails to
comply with the applicable CAA section
129 standards as a result of a
malfunction event, the EPA would
determine an appropriate response
based on, among other things, the good
faith efforts of the source to minimize
emissions during malfunction periods,
including preventative and corrective
actions, as well as root cause analyses
to ascertain and rectify excess
emissions. The EPA would also
consider whether the source’s failure to
comply with the CAA section 129
standard was, in fact, sudden,
infrequent, not reasonably preventable,
and was not instead caused, in part, by
poor maintenance or careless operation.
40 CFR 60.2 (definition of malfunction).
If the EPA determines in a particular
case that an enforcement action against
a source for violation of an emission
standard is warranted, the source can
raise any and all defenses in that
enforcement action and the federal
district court will determine what, if
any, relief is appropriate. The same is
true for citizen enforcement actions.
Similarly, the presiding officer in an
administrative proceeding can consider
any defense raised and determine
whether administrative penalties are
appropriate.
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In summary, the EPA’s interpretation
of the CAA and, in particular, CAA
section 129, is reasonable and
encourages practices that will avoid
malfunctions. Administrative and
judicial procedures for addressing
exceedances of the standards fully
recognize that violations may occur
despite good faith efforts to comply and
can accommodate those situations. U.S.
Sugar Corp. v. EPA, 830 F.3d 579, 606–
610 (2016).
For these reasons, we are proposing to
remove and reserve 40 CFR 60.2918 and
40 CFR 60.3025, which provided
exceptions for SSM. We are proposing
minor harmonizing revisions to other
rule requirements that reference SSM,
such as revisions to the definition of
‘‘Deviation’’ to remove language for
periods of SSM, for consistency with
these changes.
4. Proposed Revisions to Testing and
Compliance
For small OSWI units, we are
proposing alternatives to conducting the
initial and annual performance tests and
to remove the requirements to install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate
continuous emissions monitoring
systems (CEMS). The OSWI standards
currently require owners and operators
of OSWI units to conduct initial and
annual performance tests to demonstrate
compliance (40 CFR 60.2927, 60.2932
and 60.3030, 60.3033). Owners and
operators may conduct performance
tests less often than annually for a given
pollutant if they are able to demonstrate
compliance with the emissions
limitations for three consecutive annual
tests (40 CFR 60.2934, 60.3035). The
OSWI standards also require CEMS for
CO and oxygen (40 CFR 60.2939,
60.3038).
We are proposing a new substitute
means of compliance demonstration for
small OSWI units, as we recognize that
testing can impose substantial financial
burdens and technical challenges on
owners and operators of these sources.
Based on the limited information
available, we expect that most OSWI
units are likely small incinerators that
are not equipped with stacks from
which to sample emissions during a
performance test, and a stack or
extension would be needed in order to
perform the testing required by the
OSWI standards. In some instances, it
physically may not be possible to equip
the incinerator with a stack, and in
other cases, costs for doing so may be
prohibitive. Transporting, installing,
and supporting the extension for testing
in the field can present additional
issues, such as space or property
constraints that may require additional
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construction of scaffolding, ducting, or
modifications to underlying structures
to install the appropriate extensions and
sampling ports.13 Additionally, many of
these small OSWI units are located in
remote and difficult to access areas of
the country, and it is difficult to
mobilize stack testing crews to some of
these locations.
These technical and economic
infeasibilities are magnified for existing
sources, which have previously
installed units that may have never been
equipped with a stack and for which
additional space or property
modifications may be infeasible.
Further, owners and operators may find
it economically infeasible to conduct
initial or annual performance tests of
these small units due to the cost of stack
testing. We believe that similar
difficulties may arise in connection with
monitoring, including installation and
operation of CEMS. Although we
recognize these challenges exist for
certain sources, adequate demonstration
of initial and on-going compliance is
necessary.14 Therefore, we are
proposing alternatives to the testing and
monitoring requirements to provide
13 The OSWI standards are found in 40 CFR part
60, subparts EEEE (NSPS) and FFFF (EG). In
addition, subpart A (General Provisions) of part 60
contains various generally-applicable provisions,
including provisions relating to performance testing
(see, for example, 40 CFR 60.8). These generallyapplicable performance testing provisions require,
in part, owners and operators to provide
performance testing facilities, including sampling
ports. We believe, however, that for small OSWI
units there could be significant challenges to
conducting such modifications in the field to fit
units at every site. In any event, the application of
the General Provisions in subpart A to the other
part 60 subparts is subordinate to the specific
provisions found in the other subparts, such as the
OSWI standards. See, for example, 40 CFR 60.8(b)
(performance test shall be conducted in accordance
with the methods and procedures in each
applicable subpart), 60.8(f) (performance testing
shall be conducted in a prescribed manner, unless
otherwise specified in the applicable subpart), and
60.11 (compliance shall be determined in
accordance with 40 CFR 60.8, unless otherwise
specified in the applicable standard). Moreover, the
EPA retains the authority to limit or modify the
application of subpart A in subsequent rulemaking,
including rulemaking relating to other part 60
subparts, such as the OSWI standards. In the event
of a conflict between the performance testing
provision of subpart A and the provisions of
subparts EEEE and FFFF, the provisions of the
source specific subparts (here, EEEE and FFFF)
control.
14 CAA 129(c) requires, in part, the EPA to
include emissions monitoring as part of solid waste
incinerator standards. This requirement has been
construed as requiring assurance of compliance
with emission standards. Nat’l Ass’n of Clean Water
Agencies v. EPA, 734 F.3d 1115, 1160 (DC Cir.
2013). The EPA believes that, for the other solid
waste incineration source category, the package of
testing, monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping
requirements associated with the proposed
substitute means of compliance testing for small
OSWI units will adequately assure compliance with
the standards.
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regulatory flexibilities for small OSWI
units.
At present, the OSWI standards
require new sources to conduct initial
performance testing within 60 days after
the OSWI unit reaches the charge rate
by which it will operate, but not later
than 180 days after initial startup (40
CFR 60.2928); existing sources must
conduct initial performance testing no
later than 180 days after the final
compliance date. We are proposing to
retain this requirement, but we are also
proposing—for small OSWI units—to
add a substitute means of compliance
demonstration, under which such initial
performance testing would not be
required. In lieu of that initial
performance testing, owners and
operators of small OSWI units would
have the option to submit detailed
information concerning the unit—
including the make, model and
manufacturer of the unit, and the type
and capacity of the unit, information on
the unit’s air pollution control devices
(if any), waste type and quantity
information, and the charge rate—and to
identify in the EPA’s WebFIRE database
a representative performance test.15 The
test must be representative for the small
OSWI unit in terms of similar
throughput, method of processing and
burning waste, operating temperatures,
types of wastes or supplemental fuels
burned, and waste profiles. If there is no
representative performance test
available in the WebFIRE database, the
small OSWI unit cannot use the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration and must comply with
the initial performance testing
requirements.
To use this alternative option, the
owner/operator must submit a
notification including the manufacturer,
make, model, and type of unit, and
documentation that the capacity of the
unit is less than or equal to 10 TPD. We
are proposing that owners and operators
of new small OSWI units (constructed
after August 31, 2020) and small OSWI
units modified or reconstructed six
months after the effective date of the
final rule would be required to either
15 Some tests in the WebFIRE database may not
qualify for use as a representative performance test.
Representative performance tests must be
conducted according to the requirements in the
OSWI rule, demonstrate compliance with the OSWI
standards, and include the following information in
the report: Unit design (including air pollution
control devices), charge rate during the test, type of
operation, combustion temperature during the test,
types of waste burned during the test and the
relative amount of each waste to the total waste
burned, type and amount of supplemental fuels
used during the test, and, if the tested unit has an
air pollution control device, the operating
parameter data for the control device during the
test.
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complete their initial performance test
within 60 days after the unit reaches the
charge rate at which it will operate, but
no later than 180 days after its initial
startup,16 or submit a notification of
intention to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration to the
Administrator within 6 months after the
date of publication of the final rule
(currently estimated by the EPA—
depending on the actual date of
publication of the final rule—to be on or
about November 30, 2021), or within 60
days after initial startup, whichever of
these dates is later. Owners and
operators of existing small units
(constructed on or before August 31,
2020) would not be required to submit
a notification of intention to the
Administrator, but would be required to
identify the results of an existing
performance test in the EPA’s WebFIRE
that is representative of their OSWI unit
or conduct an initial performance test,
no later than 3 years after a state plan
is approved or no later than 5 years after
the date of promulgation of the final
rule, whichever of these dates is earlier.
The proposed substitute means of
compliance demonstration relies on the
availability of the results of performance
tests conducted on potentially
representative sources in the EPA’s
WebFIRE database. One way the EPA
envisions this option could be
implemented is through one or more
testing coordinators that would develop
a testing protocol and conduct
performance tests for representative
units from similar source groups.17 18
16 For units that start-up between August 31, 2020
and the date that is 6 months after publication of
the final rule, the initial performance test must be
conducted within 60 days after your OSWI unit
reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but
no later than 180 days after its initial startup, or by
the date 240 days after publication of the final rule
(currently estimated by the EPA to be on or about
February 28, 2022), whichever date is later.
17 A ‘‘testing coordinator’’ may be, for example, a
state or university that would collect waste data
from a group of sources, form similar groups of
facilities based of the information provided,
develop a testing protocol, and conduct
performance tests for representative units from
similar source groups.
18 ‘‘Similar source groups’’ may include units of
similar throughput, method of processing and
burning waste, operating temperatures, waste
variability, and estimated waste profiles. It is
expected that a performance test conducted on one
unit in a similar source group would likely be
representative for all of the units in the similar
source group. The proposed option would allow for
a testing coordinator to have some latitude to
determine what constitutes a similar source group.
For example, the testing coordinator would have
the discretion to test representative units for
existing sources (constructed on or before August
31, 2020), and new sources (constructed after
August 31, 2020), from similar source groups
separately. Alternatively, the testing coordinator
might be able to select a new source (e.g., a model
unit constructed after August 31, 2020, that has a
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For example, each owner/operator
opting to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration would
submit to a testing coordinator
information on its small OSWI unit,
including unit design, operations
information and waste profiles. It is our
expectation that the testing coordinator
would review the data provided and
identify a representative unit for each
similar source group, establish the waste
profile for the similar source group, and
coordinate and/or conduct the
performance test on the representative
unit from the similar source group. The
results of the test could then be used to
demonstrate initial compliance by
owners and operators of any small
OSWI unit for which the test is
representative. To aid implementation
of this option, the EPA intends to
provide a grant or contract to testing
coordinators. To conserve resources, if
there are multiple testing coordinators,
the testing coordinators should work
together in conducting performance
tests in order to provide performance
test results that will be representative
for the largest number of small OSWI
units.
Another way that the EPA envisions
this representative testing alternative
might be implemented is if owners and
operators of small OSWI units that are
similar in design and operation and
burn the same waste types combine
resources. One small OSWI unit in the
group would be tested, and once the
results are available in WebFIRE, that
performance test would be used to
demonstrate initial compliance for any
small OSWI unit for which the test is
representative.
Beginning on the effective date for
new sources (6 months after publication
of the final rule in the Federal Register),
and until the owner/operator identifies
a representative performance test, each
owner/operator of a small OSWI unit
would be required to collect data on a
weekly basis to characterize the unit
operations and the waste profiles for the
OSWI unit. The waste profile
information would be used to capture
the differing waste streams and waste
variability for the unit in order to
develop a representative waste profile.
The owner/operator would use these
data to locate the results of a
representative performance test in the
similar design that would be carried forward into
future years) from a similar source group that is also
similar to existing sources. In this latter case, if the
new unit tested is able to demonstrate initial
compliance with the emissions limits for VSMWC
and IWI units under the NSPS and EG, then both
the existing and new units described by the similar
source group may be able to use the test data to
demonstrate initial compliance.
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EPA’s WebFIRE database. The owner/
operator would submit information on
the representative performance test and
documentation of how the performance
test is representative for their small
OSWI unit (e.g., based on the unit type
and design, charge rate, operating
temperatures, types of waste burned,
and any air pollution control devices) to
the Administrator through the EPA’s
Central Data Exchange (CDX) using the
Compliance and Emissions Data
Reporting Interface (CEDRI). Owners
and operators would maintain a record
(i.e., copy) of the representative
performance test report (acquired from
the EPA’s WebFIRE database) and the
submitted documentation of how the
test is representative.
Because we anticipate this approach
would need to afford time for testing
coordinators to determine similar source
groups, develop testing protocols, and
coordinate with each other, owners and
operators of existing and new small
units who wish to use the substitute
means of compliance demonstration are
encouraged to submit their notification
of intent to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration and identify
their waste variability and waste
characterization and profile data as soon
as possible following the promulgation
of the final rule. We note that, if this
alternative initial compliance option is
finalized, owners and operators who do
not provide their initial waste
characterization data to a testing
coordinator in a timely manner could
miss the opportunity to avail themselves
of this option due to the amount of
planning, time, and resources required
for coordinators to perform these tests as
well as the fact that their unit may not
be of the similar source group tested.
Owners and operators who cannot find
a representative test conducted for a
unit that is similar to their units would
be required to conduct their own initial
performance tests. Because the
compliance date for new sources is
earlier than the compliance date for
existing sources, and it is uncertain how
many tests could be conducted with the
EPA-supplied grant or contract money,
owners and operators of existing sources
are encouraged to start collecting
information that would be useful in
conducting similar sources tests and
submit this information to the testing
coordinators as soon as possible. This
will greatly increase the likelihood that
a representative test is available in the
WebFIRE database prior the compliance
deadline.19
19 When deciding the sources to test, a testing
coordinator has multiple options: (1) Select an
existing source similar to other existing sources; (2)
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We anticipate that the testing
coordinators would be able to complete
testing on OSWI units that are
representative of most existing and new
small units and submit the results of the
testing within 18 months of the date of
publication of the final rule. The testing
results for these potentially
representative units will be submitted to
the EPA’s CEDRI, and would then be
available to owners and operators in the
EPA’s WebFIRE database. (See section
II.B.6 of this preamble for a discussion
of electronic reporting.) We are
proposing a time period of 21 months
following the date of publication of the
final rule in the Federal Register or 60
days after the OSWI unit reaches the
maximum charge rate at which it will
operate, but no later than 180 days after
initial startup, whichever date is later,
for owners and operators of small OSWI
unts to identify a representative
performance test in WebFIRE and
submit information to the Administator
identifying the representative
performance test. This period allows
time for a testing coordinator
conducting the test to develop the
testing protocol, conduct performance
tests, and electronically submit the
results of the test through CEDRI; for the
EPA to transfer these results to the
EPA’s WebFIRE database; and for
owners and operators to find a
representative performance test and
submit information on how it is
representative to the Administrator.
For demonstrating continuous
compliance, we are also proposing, for
small OSWI units, an alternative waste
characterization option in lieu of the
current annual performance testing
requirements, as many of the concerns
about the availability or feasibility of
initial testing for small OSWI units also
apply to annual testing. We are
proposing the alternative continuous
compliance option for small OSWI units
in lieu of annual testing (or the
requirements to conduct testing less
often than annual for specific
pollutants) because the option is a more
readily available compliance option for
units with rudimentary designs or units
select a unit that is representative of both new and
existing sources; (3) select a new source that is
similar to other new sources; and (4) select a unit
with a design that would be carried forward into
future years. The decision on which sources will be
tested will be based in part on the pool of data that
is available to the testing coordinator at the time
that the testing protocols are developed. If the
testing coordinator does not have data on existing
sources, it may not be feasible to conduct
performance tests that are representative for any
existing units. If a performance test is conducted on
an existing unit, it must, among other things,
demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions
limits for new units in order for a new unit to use
it as a representative performance test.
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without a stack and the costs associated
with waste stream characterization are
less prohibitive than those for an annual
stack test. This alternative continuous
compliance demonstration option
includes periodic, robust operational
recordkeeping in lieu of conducting an
annual performance test. Following the
facility’s initial performance test or
representative performance test (if using
the substitute means of compliance
demonstration), an owner/operator
would demonstrate continuous
compliance through recordkeeping. The
recordkeeping requirements would
include recording the source-specific
waste profiles and incinerator unit
operating parameters, including the
daily average charge rate and the 3-hour
average combustion chamber
temperature of the unit. To demonstrate
compliance, the weekly records of the
source-specific waste profile would
need to indicate that the waste
combusted is consistent, within +/¥ 15
percent by weight, of the percentage
established for that waste category
according to the waste profiles
established during the representative
performance test (if using the substitute
means of compliance demonstration) or
the facility’s initial performance test.20
Additionally, the records would need to
demonstrate that the unit is operated
within the charge rate and temperature
ranges established during the initial
performance test or the representative
performance test.
If the facility anticipates combusting a
waste stream with a different profile, the
owner/operator would be required to
conduct a performance test of the unit
with a waste stream representative of
the new waste profile, or, alternatively,
identify a representative performance
test report in the WebFIRE database,
before combusting the modified waste
stream (i.e., the owner or operator must
identify that the unit is of similar
throughput, method of processing and
burning waste, charge rate, operating
temperatures, waste management plan,
estimated waste variability and waste
profiles to the representative unit).
Similarly, if the facility anticipates
exceeding or operating outside of the
established operating parameter ranges,
the owner/operator would be required
to conduct a performance test of the unit
while operating at the new parameter
limits (or find a representative
20 If, for example, the paper component of the
waste stream during initial testing was 20 percent
then burning waste streams with a paper
component between 5 and 35 percent of the total
waste stream would be acceptable weekly operation
and, assuming all other requirements are met,
additional testing would not be required for the
source.
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performance test with those operating
parameter limits in the WebFIRE
database) to confirm that the unit
continues to meet the OSWI emission
standards under the new operating
parameter limits. Failure to comply with
the retesting requirement would
constitute a deviation from the OSWI
standards.
Finally, we are proposing to modify
the monitoring requirements for small
OSWI units that use the alternative
continuous compliance option in lieu of
complying with the annual performance
testing requirements by removing the
requirement for CO and oxygen CEMS.
We are proposing this change for the
same reasons that we are proposing an
alternative to the annual performance
test. In addition to the cost of
maintaining CEMS, part of calibrating a
CEMS generally requires an annual
stack test to verify the operation of the
CEMS. Relieving owners and operators
of small OSWI units of the obligation to
conduct an annual performance test
without likewise removing the
requirement for CEMS, which includes
performing an annual stack test, would
not achieve the stated goals and benefits
of removing the annual performance
test.
For OSWI units other than small
OSWI units, we are also proposing that
such units may use CO CEMS data in
lieu of initial and annual testing for CO,
provided the CEMS has been previously
certified and is meeting the ongoing
quality assurance/quality control
requirements. Facilities that use this
option would be allowed to use a 12hour rolling average of the 1-hour
arithmetic average CEMS data to
determine compliance with the CO
emission limitations. However, the
initial performance evaluation
(certification) must be conducted prior
to collecting CEMS data for the initial
compliance demonstration. Under the
proposed rules, such units could also
use CO CEMS data in lieu of conducting
an annual performance test for CO. This
proposed change would provide
flexibility for sources and reduce the
burden associated with testing, while
assuring compliance based on
continuously measured emissions data.
5. Proposed Recordkeeping and
Reporting Revisions
We are proposing several revisions to
the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. A number of proposed
recordkeeping changes are associated
with the proposal to establish—for small
OSWI units—a substitute compliance
demonstration option (for initial
performance testing, as well as
continuous compliance testing). For
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small OSWI units using the substitute
compliance demonstration process, we
propose (in connection with the initial
compliance test requirement) owners
and operators will be required to
maintain records of the notification of
intent to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration and the
documentation demonstrating the
design, operation, and unit capacity,
copies of the initial waste
characterization and operating data, and
documentation related to the
representative (substitute) performance
test and how the test is representative of
the unit. The new proposed
recordkeeping requirements for owners
and operators of small OSWI units—and
associated with the proposed substitute
continuous compliance requirements—
include records on such particulars as
unit start and end times of operation,
the quantity or weight of each waste
type (e.g., pounds of solid waste, food
waste, wood or yard waste), the
quantities of supplemental fuels burned
(flow rate or percentage of operating
time), percentage of each waste type of
total waste burned, and the temperature
(three-hour average) and charge rate
(TPD), and records for units using air
pollution controls such as a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic
precipitator, or fabric filters. The
proposed recordkeeping is intended to
help ensure that small OSWI units that
choose the proposed substitute
continuous compliance option are able
to demonstrate compliance with the
emission and operating limits of the
OSWI standards. Among other things,
the recordkeeping requirements help to
demonstrate that the waste types burned
by small OSWI units are within +/¥15
percent of the percentages established
for each waste category according to the
profiles established during the initial
performance test or representative
performance test.
We are also proposing reportingrelated changes, especially changes
associated with the substitute
compliance testing program for small
OSWI units. For example, we are
proposing—for small OSWI units using
the substitute continuous compliance
option—that owners and operators
would be required to include in annual
reports a statement that there were no
deviations from the weekly waste
characterization requirements and the
unit has been operated within the
operating parameter limits. The
proposed recordkeeping and reporting is
intended to help ensure that there is
adequate information available to
determine compliance with the
standards and the severity of any failure
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to meet a standard, and to further assure
compliance with the standards at all
times. We are also proposing to clarify
the timeline for submittal of an annual
report for owners and operators that
choose to comply with the substitute
means of compliance in lieu of an initial
performance test; for these units, an
annual report must be submitted no
later than 12 months following the
submission of the representative
performance test and the description of
the how the test is representative for the
OSWI unit.
We are also proposing to revise the
recordkeeping and reporting
requirements for deviations, which
apply to both large and small OSWI
units. Currently, these requirements
focus on identifying malfunctions and
deviations from the emission limitations
or operating limits that apply, including
whether any monitoring system used to
determine compliance with the
emission limitations or operating limits
was inoperative, inactive,
malfunctioning or out of control. We are
proposing several additional
requirements to clarify that a deviation
includes any ‘‘failure to meet an
applicable standard’’ and what must be
recorded and reported. The proposed
changes include the following:
• Revising the definition of
‘‘deviation’’ to remove language for
periods of SSM, as discussed in section
II.B.3 of this preamble.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(c) and 40
CFR 60.3033(c) to clarify the alarm time
that constitutes a deviation from the
operating limit for OSWI units with
fabric filters and bag leak detection
systems.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(d) and 40
CFR 60.3033(d) to include deviations
from the weekly waste characterization
requirements, provide for performance
testing when the waste profile of the
OSWI unit is modified, and clarify that
failure to conduct a performance test or
identify a representative test when the
waste profile has changed constitutes a
deviation.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2942(f) and 40
CFR 60.3033(f) to clarify that, for OSWI
units using CEMS, failure to collect
required data is a deviation of the
monitoring requirements.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2949 and 40
CFR 60.3046 to specify that facilities
must retain a record identifying the
calendar dates, times, and durations of
malfunctions and a description of the
failure and the corrective action taken.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2956(e) and 40
CFR 60.3051(e) to clarify that for OSWI
units with CMS, the annual report must
include a statement that there were no
periods during which the CMS were
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inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning or
out of control.
• Removing deviation reporting
requirements (40 CR 60.2956(g); 40 CFR
60.3051(g)) previously included as part
of the annual report to remove
redundant reporting; these requirements
are included in the deviation report
submitted on a semiannual basis (40
CFR 60.2958; 40 CFR 60.3053).
• Modifying the annual reporting
requirements in 40 CFR 60.2956 and 40
CFR 60.3051 to require facilities to
provide a statement that there was no
deviation identified from the weekly
waste characterization (i.e., the waste
types burned are within 15-percent
variation of the profiles established
during the initial performance test) and
the unit has been operated within the
charge rate and temperature ranges
established when no deviations have
occurred during the reporting period.
• For deviation reporting, revising the
title of 40 CFR 60.2957 and 60.3052 to
‘‘What other reports must I submit if I
have a deviation?’’, and reorganizing
these sections to be consistent with the
definition of ‘‘deviation’’ and in order to
better reflect the types of deviations
which must be reported.
• Clarifying the requirements of 40
CFR 60.2958 and 40 CFR 60.3053 to
clarify the contents of the deviation
report, including identifying the
calendar dates, times, and durations of
any deviations and a description of any
corrective actions taken, and adding
new requirements to report deviations
from the weekly waste characterization
and operating parameter limits
established for small OSWI units.
We are proposing additional changes
to the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements that include consistency
edits based on the proposed revisions to
allow for use of CO CEMS data in lieu
of annual testing for CO (for OSWI units
that have capacities greater than 10
TPD), and proposed revisions to the
monitoring requirements that ensure
consistency with other CAA section 129
rules (e.g., adding operating parameters
for controls other than a wet scrubber
that may be employed for OSWI units
and clarifying the frequency of the data
recording or averaging for each required
operating parameter). These proposed
changes to the monitoring requirements
are described further in sections II.B.4
and II.B.8 of this preamble.
6. Proposed Requirements for Electronic
Reporting
The EPA is proposing that owners and
operators of OSWI units submit
electronic copies of required
performance test reports, performance
evaluation reports, deviation reports,
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and annual compliance reports through
the EPA’s CDX using CEDRI. A
description of the electronic data
submission process is provided in the
memorandum, Electronic Reporting
Requirements for New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) and
National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
Rules, which is available in the docket
for this action. The proposed rule
requires that performance test results
collected using test methods that are
supported by the EPA’s Electronic
Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the
ERT website 21 at the time of the test be
submitted in the format generated
through the use of the ERT, or an
electronic file consistent with the
extensible markup language (XML)
schema on the ERT website, and that
other performance test results be
submitted in portable document format
(PDF) using the attachment module of
the ERT. Similarly, performance
evaluation results of CEMS measuring
relative accuracy test audit pollutants
that are supported by the ERT at the
time of the test must be submitted in the
format generated through the use of the
ERT, or alternatively, an electronic file
consistent with the XML schema on the
ERT website, and other performance
evaluation results, be submitted in PDF
using the attachment module of the
ERT.
For deviation reports and annual
compliance reports, the proposed rule
requires that owners and operators use
the appropriate spreadsheet template to
submit information to CEDRI. A draft
version of the proposed templates for
these reports is included in the docket
for this action.22 The EPA specifically
requests comment on the content,
layout, and overall design of the
templates. Facilities would have 1 year
from the date of publication of the final
rule, or once the reporting forms have
been made available in CEDRI for at
least 1 year, whichever date is later, to
submit these reports.
Additionally, the EPA has identified
two broad circumstances in which
electronic reporting extensions may be
provided. In both circumstances, the
decision to accept the claim of needing
additional time to report is within the
discretion of the Administrator, and
reporting should occur as soon as
possible. The EPA is providing these
potential extensions to protect owners
and operators from noncompliance in
21 https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-airemissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert.
22 See OSWI_Annual_Report_Template.xlsx and
OSWI_Deviation_Report_Template.xlsx, available at
Docket ID. No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–015.
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cases where they cannot successfully
submit a report by the reporting
deadline for reasons outside of their
control. The situation where an
extension may be warranted due to
outages of the EPA’s CDX or CEDRI that
preclude an owner or operator from
accessing the system and submitting
required reports is addressed in 40 CFR
63.2961(d) and 40 CFR 63.3056(d). The
situation where an extension may be
warranted due to a force majeure event,
which is defined as an event that will
be or has been caused by circumstances
beyond the control of the affected
facility, its contractors, or any entity
controlled by the affected facility that
prevents an owner or operator from
complying with the requirement to
submit a report electronically as
required by this rule is addressed in 40
CFR 63.2961(e) and 40 CFR 63.3056(e).
Examples of force majeure events are
acts of nature, acts of war or terrorism,
or equipment failure or safety hazards
beyond the control of the facility. See
proposed requirements at 40 CFR
60.2961 and 40 CFR 60.3056.
The electronic submittal of the reports
addressed in this proposed rulemaking
will increase the usefulness of the data
contained in those reports, is in keeping
with current trends in data availability
and transparency, will further assist in
the protection of public health and the
environment, will improve compliance
by facilitating the ability of regulated
facilities to demonstrate compliance
with requirements and by facilitating
the ability of delegated state, local,
tribal, and territorial air agencies and
the EPA to assess and determine
compliance, and will ultimately reduce
burden on regulated facilities, delegated
air agencies, and the EPA. Electronic
reporting also eliminates paper-based,
manual processes, thereby saving time
and resources, simplifying data entry,
eliminating redundancies, minimizing
data reporting errors, and providing data
quickly and accurately to the affected
facilities, air agencies, the EPA, and the
public. Moreover, electronic reporting is
consistent with the EPA’s plan 23 to
implement Executive Order 13563 and
is in keeping with the EPA’s Agencywide policy 24 developed in response to
the White House’s Digital Government
23 The EPA’s Final Plan for Periodic Retrospective
Reviews of Existing Regulations, August 2011.
Available at: https://www.regulations.gov/
document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0156-0154.
24 E-Reporting Policy Statement for EPA
Regulations, September 2013. Available at: https://
www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-03/
documents/epa-ereporting-policy-statement-201309-30.pdf.
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Strategy.25 For more information on the
benefits of electronic reporting, see the
memorandum, Electronic Reporting
Requirements for New Source
Performance Standards (NSPS) and
National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
Rules, referenced earlier in this section.
7. Proposed Revisions to Title V
Permitting Requirements for ACIs
Burning Only Wood Waste, Clean
Lumber, and Yard Waste
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The 2005 OSWI rule contains a
regulatory requirement that ACIs that
burn only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste must apply for an obtain
a tile V operating permit. The EPA is
proposing to eliminate this regulatory
title V permitting requirement for such
ACIs that are not located at a major
source or subject to title V for other
reasons. The EPA has received feedback
from several states indicating that the
title V requirements are unnecessarily
burdensome and expensive for states to
maintain for these ACIs. Based on
available data, ACI that burn exclusively
wood waste, clean lumber, and yard
waste are commonly located at facilities
that would not otherwise require a title
V operating permit.26
In previous rulemaking, we provided
for title V permitting for these ACIs for
various reasons, as explained in the
final OSWI rule (70 FR 74884–74885,
Decemeber 4, 2005). In particular, we
believed initially that compliance with
a title V permit was necessary to assure
compliance with the opacity
requirements established for such
incinerators. In this rulemaking we are
reconsidering the need for a regulatory
requirement for title V permitting for
these air curtain incineration units that
are only subject to an opacity limitation
and related requirements to assure
compliance, because such units are not
considered solid waste incineration
units under section 129. Also, based on
input from various states on the burdens
and costs of title V permitting for such
incinerators, we no longer believe it is
25 Digital Government: Building a 21st Century
Platform to Better Serve the American People, May
2012. Available at: https://obama
whitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/
egov/digital-government/digital-government.html.
26 CAA section 129(e) generally requires title V
permits for ‘‘solid waste incineration units.’’ Under
CAA section 129(g)(1), however, the term ‘‘solid
waste incineration unit’’ does not include air
curtain incinerators that only burn wood wastes,
yard wastes, and clean lumber (and that comply
with opacity limitations). In addition, in our view,
the opacity limitations applicable, under CAA 129,
to such ACIs are not standards or regulations
‘‘under section 7411,’’ such that the ACIs would be
subject to a title V permitting requirement under
CAA section 502(a).
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appropriate or necessary to require title
V permitting.
8. Proposed Technical Edits,
Clarifications, and Additional Revisions
To Improve the OSWI Standards
We are proposing several additional
technical corrections, harmonizing
changes, clarifications, and
improvements to the OSWI standards
that are intended to improve the
understanding of the rule and to
improve consistency with other CAA
section 129 rules.
We are proposing several harmonizing
changes throughout the OSWI
standards, in keeping with the proposed
revisions discussed in sections II.B.1
through 7 of this preamble, to
incorporate the revised emission limits,
operating limits, alternatives to testing
and monitoring, and recordkeeping and
reporting. These harmonizing changes
include incorporation of compliance
dates and other revisions to clarify
applicability of existing requirements to
small OSWI units, such as revisions to
the title of the standards to remove old
compliance dates; redefining when a
small OSWI unit is considered a new or
existing incineration unit based on date
of construction, reconstruction, or
modification; clarifying the timeline for
when the changes for small OSWI units
become effective; and updating the
timeline for the submittal of an operator
training course, site-specific
documentation, conduct of the initial
performance test or substitute means of
compliance demonstration, and
submittal of title V reports for small
OSWI units. For the emission
guidelines, the proposed changes also
include specifying the timeline of
submittal and approval for revisions to
state plans to include the requirements
for small OSWI units, the compliance
schedule that must be included in state
plans, and the EPA’s authority to
implement and enforce a federal plan if
a state plan is not approved. We are also
proposing changes that would clarify
and improve the organization of the
rule, enhance readability, and improve
compliance.
In some cases, we are proposing to
remove redundant language, for
example, 40 CFR 60.2970(b) and 40 CFR
60.3062(b). These paragraphs repeat the
requirements for ACIs burning only 100percent wood waste, clean lumber, yard
waste, or a mixture of these wastes,
which are already provided in 40 CFR
60.2888(b) and 40 CFR 60.2994(b). We
are also proposing revisions to add or
correct cross-references to add clarity to
existing requirements; for example, we
are proposing to clarify the
implementation and enforcement
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authorities in 40 CFR 60.2889 and 40
CFR 60.2990 that are not transferred to
state, local, or tribal authorities by
adding cross-references to specific rule
provisions. Similarly, we are proposing
to clarify 40 CFR 60.2966 and 40 CFR
60.3059 to specify that units must
obtain a title V operating permit based
on when they meet the applicability
criteria for OSWI units.
We are proposing additional
clarifications that would improve
compliance with the existing
requirements; for example, we are
adding a requirement that the
incinerator operator training course
under 40 CFR 60.2905(c) and 40 CFR
60.3014(c) must include coverage of
good combustion practices as well as
waste characterization procedures, and
related actions for prevention and
correction of malfunctions, which must
be included to maintain operator
qualifications and kept in required sitespecific documentation. These
clarifications ensure that owners and
operators will be aware of good
combustion practices that reduce the
products of incomplete combustion and
prevent conditions that lead to
malfunctions. Similarly, we are adding
a provision to 40 CFR 60.2911 and 40
CFR 60.3020 to clarify the qualified
operator requirements for batch units.
Because batch units are designed to
provide for flexibility in operation and
allows for owner or operator discretion
for the timing of individual batches, we
have added a requirement that batch
units must have a qualified operator
accessible at times during the operation
of the unit.
In several cases, we are proposing
revisions such that the OSWI standards
are more consistent with the monitoring
requirements in other CAA section 129
rules. For example, the 2005 final OSWI
standards only provide operating
requirements for wet scrubbers as an air
pollution control device. We are
proposing to include operating limits
and operating parameter monitoring
requirements for additional controls that
may be employed for OSWI units,
including dry scrubbers, electrostatic
precipitators, and fabric filters (see
proposed 40 CFR 60.2916 and Table 2
to subpart EEEE; 40 CFR 60.3023 and
Table 3 to subpart FFFF). Additionally,
we are proposing to clarify that OSWI
units that use an alternate method for
air pollution control beyond a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic
precipitator, or fabric filter, including
other methods such as material balance,
may petition the EPA for specific
operating parameter limits in these
cases. The proposed requirements
would add flexibility for facilities by
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expanding the control options available.
In addition, we are proposing to revise
the requirements for owners and
operators of OSWI units using control
options to require that the minimum
operating parameters (e.g., combustion
operating chamber temperature,
pressure drop, liquid flow rate, etc.)
established for initial compliance are
calculated based on the lowest 1-hr
average as measured during the most
recent performance test (or
representative performance test)
demonstrating compliance. The current
OSWI standards require that these
parameters are calculated using the
average as measured during the most
recent performance test. Similarly, we
are proposing to revise the continous
compliance requirements to specify the
averaging times for continous
compliances for operating parameters
for the extended control options (which
is generally based on three-hour rolling
averages). The proposed revisions
include harmonizing edits to the
recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. The proposed revisions
would provide additional flexibility for
owners and operators and are consistent
with other CAA section 129 rules.
We are also proposing, for consistency
with other CAA section 129 rules and so
that the standards apply at all times, to
revise the compliance requirements for
OSWI units that require continuous
monitoring to clarify that the 12-hour
rolling average values must include
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown. We are adding a definition of
‘‘CEMS data during startup and
shutdown’’ and specifying that such
data are not corrected for O2 content
when estimating averages. The proposed
changes also include revisions to the
equations used to calculate the 12-hour
rolling average for CO and the
associated recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.
Other proposed minor corrections,
clarifications, and edits for consistency
with the proposed revisions in sections
II.B.1 through II.B.7 of this preamble
include:
• Updating 40 CFR 60.2890 and 40
CFR 60.2998 to clarify the principal
components of the subparts include
definitions and table.
• For existing units, adding new
section 40 CFR 60.3003 to clarify that
certain substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements must be
completed prior to the compliance date.
• Modifying 40 CFR 60.2910 to 40
CFR 60.3019 to clarify that site-specific
documentation must include procedures
for establishing initial and continuous
compliance, such as procedures to
determine waste characterization.
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• Updating requirements for initial
and annual performance tests such that
they must be conducted according to the
methods and meet the revised emissions
limitations specified in Tables 1 through
1b to subpart EEEE and Tables 2 and 2b
to subpart FFFF, as applicable.
• Updating 40 CFR 60.2922(e), 40
CFR 60.2940(c), 40 CFR 60.3027(e), and
40 CFR 60.3039(c) to add references to
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–198 Part 10
(2010), ‘‘Flue and Exhaust Gas
Analyses’’ (previously approved as an
alternative method to EPA Method 3B in
the 2005 OSWI rule).
• Proposing to add an additional test
method, ASTM D7520–16, ‘‘Standard
Test Method for Determining the
Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor
Ambient Atmosphere,’’ as an acceptable
alternative to EPA Method 9 for opacity.
This test method was identified as an
acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9
when specific provisions are followed,
as discussed in section V.J of this
preamble.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(d) and 40
CFR 60.3033(d) to specify that small
OSWI units using control devices must
continuously monitor operating
parameters and specifying the averaging
values to demonstrate continuous
compliance.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2939 and 40
CFR 60.3038 (requirements for
installation and calibation of CEMS)
such that they apply only to OSWI units
with a capacity greater than 10 TPD.
• Clarifying the installation and
calibration requirements for operating
parameter equipment in 40 CFR 60.2944
and 40 CFR 60.3043, including adding
new requirements for bag leak detection
systems.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2949(b) and 40
CFR 60.3046(b) to incorporate
recordkeeping for data from OSWI units
that use an alternate method for air
pollution control beyond a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic
precipitator, fabric filter, or other
method such as material balance.
• Clarifying that for CO CEMS,
records of annual performance
evaluations must be maintained (40 CFR
60.2949(g) and 40 CFR 60.3046(g)).
• Adding a recordkeeping
requirement for notifications submitted
for excluded units, such as temporaryuse incinerators.
• Revising 40 CFR 60.2954 to clarify
that a copy of the waste management
plan must be submitted following the
initial performance test, for consistency
with 40 CFR 60.3049(c).
• Clarifying that for facilities with a
title V permit, the permit may address
the submittal timeline of the annual
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54195
report (40 CFR 60.2955, 40 CFR
60.3050).
• Minor clarifications to the content
of the annual reports and deviation
reports, including what information
must be submitted if a performance test
is conducted during the annual period
and what information may be excluded
if the reports are submitted via CEDRI
(40 CFR 60.2956, 40 CFR 60.3051).
• Removing outdated requirements
for timelines for submittal of title V
permits for OSWI units constructed
prior to promulgation of the final rule.
• Other minor grammatical or
technical edits (e.g., corrections to
typographical errors or cross-references
within existing provisions, or to clarify
existing provisions).
C. What compliance dates are we
proposing?
We are proposing compliance dates
for the amended rule in accordance with
CAA section 129(f). The compliance
date depends on whether the OSWI unit
is small and whether the OSWI unit is
a new or existing unit.
Under the proposed rule, OSWI units
with a capacity greater than 10 TPD—
continue, with limited changes, to be
subject to the requirements of the
current OSWI standards—either the
NSPS or to a plan promulgated pursuant
to the EG, respectively.27 With certain
exceptions (discussed below), these
sources will continue to follow the
emission and operating limits, including
compliance, monitoring, and testing
provisions, associated with the current
OSWI standards; therefore, the
compliance dates are unchanged from
the current OSWI standards. For new
large OSWI units, some limited
requirements apply before construction
is initiated and, otherwise, the limits
apply when the unit begins operation
(see 40 CFR 60.2881). For existing large
OSWI units (that is, units constructed
on or before December 9, 2004), CAA
section 129(f)(2) provides that
performance standards and other
requirements shall be effective as
expeditiously as practicable after
approval of a state plan or promulgation
of a federal plan, but in no event later
than 5 years after such standards or
requirements are promulgated.
Therefore, consistent with the current
27 Consistent with the OSWI standards, if you
commenced construction of an OSWI unit with a
capacity greater than 10 TPD on or before December
9, 2004, you were considered an existing unit,
subject to a plan promulgated pursuant to the EG
(see 40 CFR 60.2981). Otherwise, if you commenced
construction after December 9, 2004, or if you
commenced reconstruction or modification on or
after June 16, 2006, you were considered a new
OSWI unit, subject to the NSPS (40 CFR part 60,
subpart EEEE).
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OSWI standards, compliance for
existing sources must be demonstrated
no later than three years after the
effective date of a state plan approval or
December 16, 2010, whichever is earlier.
We recognize that our action proposes
to make some changes to the OSWI
standards, as applicable to existing large
OSWI units, including eliminating the
SSM provisions at 40 CFR 60.3025 and
adding electronic reporting. The
elimination of the SSM provisions does
not necessitate the installation of
additional technological controls, but
rather ensures more continuous
application of the emission limitations
and operating limits. And, as previously
noted, the proposed electronic reporting
provisions ultimately will reduce
burden on regulated facilities, delegated
air agencies, and the EPA. Electronic
reporting also eliminates paper-based,
manual processes, thereby saving time
and resources, simplifying data entry,
eliminating redundancies, and
minimizing data reporting errors.
Accordingly, for existing large OSWI
units, we propose that these changes to
the current OSWI EG—the elimination
of the SSM provision and the addition
of electronic reporting—will be effective
the date the state plan is approved (or
after a federal plan is promulgated), but
not later than 5 years after the date of
publication of the final rule (here, not
later than on or about May 31, 2026,
assuming a final rule reflecting this
proposed action is promulgated on or
about May 31, 2021).
As for small OSWI units, we are
proposing revised MACT standards and
revised compliance, monitoring, and
testing requirements. For new sources,
CAA section 129(f)(1) requires that
performance standards and other
requirements shall be effective 6 months
after the promulgation of the final rule
(here, on or about November 30, 2021,
assuming a final rule reflecting this
proposed action is promulgated on or
about May 31, 2021). For these
purposes, a new small OSWI unit is a
unit that commenced construction after
August 31, 2020, or commenced
modification or reconstruction on or
after the effective date of the final rule
(on or about November 30, 2021). We
are proposing that these new units must
demonstrate compliance no later than 6
months after promulgation of the final
rule (on or about November 30, 2021),
or the date the unit first begins
operation, whichever is later.
For existing sources, CAA section
129(f)(2) requires that the performance
standards and other requirements shall
be effective not later than 3 years after
the state plan is approved or 5 years
after the date such standards or
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requirements are promulgated (here, on
or about May 31, 2026), whichever is
earlier. For these purposes, an existing
small OSWI unit is one for which
construction commenced on or before
August 31, 2020. So, for such small
OSWI units, we are proposing a
compliance date of 5 years after the date
the emission standards or requirements
are promulgated (here, on or about May
31, 2021)—or May 31, 2026—or 3 years
after the effective date of a state plan
approval, whichever is earlier.
Incineration units with a capacity less
than 10 TPD that were constructed prior
to August 31, 2020 and that are subject
to a current OSWI standard must
continue to comply with the current
standard until the compliance date of
the OSWI standards for these sources is
revised in accordance with this
proposal. Existing solid waste
incinerators that were constructed prior
to August 31, 2020, and are subject to
other incinerator standards or
requirements (such as the CISWI rule)
that would be subject to the OSWI
standards as revised in accordance with
this proposal, must continue to comply
with such other applicable incinerator
standards or requirements until the
effective date (or final compliance date)
of these revised OSWI standards (not
later than 5 years after the date of
publication of the final rule, or on or
about May 31, 2026).
III. Summary of Cost, Environmental,
and Economic Impacts
A. What are the affected sources?
The EPA estimates that there are
approximately 174 OSWI units at 157
facilities that would be affected by the
proposed amendments. The basis of our
estimate of affected facilities is provided
in the memorandum, Documentation of
Data Gathering Efforts for Other Solid
Waste Incineration (OSWI) Units, which
is available in the docket for this action.
We have not received any input on, and
do not anticipate, any new sources over
the next 3 years.
B. What are the air quality impacts?
We anticipate a reduction of 31.3 tons
per year of total CAA section 129
pollutants due to the proposed rule. We
assumed no additional add-on controls
would be needed to meet the proposed
rule. Emission reductions would result
from facilities reducing the quantities or
pollutant-emission causing waste being
burned to meet the emission limits. The
proposed amendments would also
eliminate the SSM exemptions and
require that the OSWI standards be met
at all times. As such, we expect that
emissions during these periods would
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be minimized, which will protect public
health and the environment.
Additionally, the proposed amendments
requiring electronic submittal of
performance tests, deviation reports,
and annual compliance reports will
streamline reporting for affected
sources, increase the usefulness of the
data and improve data accessibility for
the public, will further assist in the
protection of public health and the
environment, and will ultimately result
in less burden on the regulated
community.
Indirect or secondary air emissions
impacts are impacts that would result
from the increased electricity usage
associated with the operation of control
devices (i.e., increased secondary
emissions of criteria pollutants from
power plants). Energy impacts consist of
the electricity and steam needed to
operate control devices and other
equipment that would be required
under this rule. The EPA expects no
secondary air emissions impacts or
energy impacts from this rulemaking.
C. What are the cost impacts?
We anticipate that the proposed rule
would ultimately result in a burden
reduction for affected sources. To
determine whether the proposed
requirements would add to, or reduce,
costs from what OSWI facilities are
already incurring by complying with the
current rule, we compared the costs for
the new requirements with the costs
incurred by meeting the current OSWI
standards.
We do not have sufficient information
on the number of OSWI units that are
in compliance with the current OSWI
standards because the OSWI federal
plan was not finalized, resulting in
states not developing or incorporating
the federal plan requirements into state
rules. Additionally, the 2005 final OSWI
rule did not require electronic reporting,
and as such, we do not have internal
compliance reports from existing
facilities that would definitively
demonstrate their compliance.
Therefore, the number of units in
compliance could conceivably have
been zero. However, from our data
gathering efforts, we are aware of several
units that are complying with the OSWI
standards. Therefore, the actual number
is not zero, but is still unknown and
likely low. In absence of a final federal
plan and EPA-approved state plans in
most states, we have assumed 10
percent of the population of facilities
operating OSWI units are in compliance
with the current rule.To develop
baseline costs, we assumed no
additional add-on control would be
necessary for the 10 percent of facilities
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to meet the current limit. However, we
included the initial cost of testing,
parametric monitoring systems, CO and
oxygen CEMS because the current OSWI
rule requires these systems. Annual
compliance costs are comprised of
annual testing of all OSWI units,
parametric monitoring costs, CO and
oxygen CEMS monitoring costs, and
associated recordkeeping and reporting.
We estimated the total capital
investment for the 10 percent of
facilities assumed to be in compliance
with the current OSWI rule to be $5.65
million. We estimated the annual costs
for the 10 percent of facilities assumed
to be in compliance with the current
OSWI rules to be $1.91 million.
Based on available information, we
believe that all facilities will likely be in
compliance with the proposed emission
limits in this action and no additional
control will be required to meet the
OSWI standards. The costs that would
be incurred, if the proposal is finalized,
are for initial compliance, continuous
compliance, and recordkeeping and
reporting. The proposal would require
facilities to conduct an initial stack test,
unless they demonstrate initial
compliance following a substitute
means of compliance demonstration.
For these sources, the costs of initial
compliance would be offset to testing
coordinators (for which the EPA will
provide grants or contracts). All
facilities would be required to
demonstrate continuous compliance
based on their waste characterization
and to keep records of waste profiles,
charge rates, and operating parameters
such as temperature. For this analysis,
it was assumed that larger facilities,
facilities owned by corporations, and
facilities operated by the federal
government would incur the expense of
initial testing without federal grants.
These units comprise 37 percent of the
known OSWI sources, or 60 units. The
total initial cost of compliance (for
testing and recordkeeping) for the
proposed OSWI standards is estimated
to be $5.85 million and the annual
compliance costs (for recordkeeping) are
estimated to be $1.85 million.
The resulting cost impacts of the
proposed rule in comparison to the
current rule is an additional $200,000 in
capital investment, and a net burden
reduction of $57,000 annually. The cost
calculations are detailed in the
memorandum, Costs and Impacts for
Other Solid Waste Incinerators, which is
available in the docket for this action.
The EPA also provides an analysis of
the compliance cost in present value
and equivalent annual value form in the
memorandum, Economic Impact
Analysis for the Proposed Standards of
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Performance for New Stationary Sources
and Emission Guidelines for Existing
Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration
Units, which is available in the docket
for this action. The economic impact
analysis also presents a sensitivity
analysis of the compliance costs impacts
of the proposed amendments as a
function of participation in the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration program that is described
in this proposal.
D. What are the economic impacts?
The proposed rule is burden reducing
relative to the 2005 rule because it
removes several requirements of the
2005 rule. Because the 2005 rule has yet
to be fully implemented, many, if not
most, affected OSWI owner/operators
will need to perform initial compliance
actions and incur compliance costs on
an ongoing basis. Because of the
relatively small number of affected
existing units (less than 200) and
because the EPA does not anticipate
affected new sources in the next 3 years,
the EPA expects minimal economic
impacts under the proposal. As
discussed in the economic impact
analysis associated with the 2005 rule,
OSWI owner/operators may substitute
landfilling services for incineration
rather than perform compliance actions
associated with this rule (see Docket
Item No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0156–
0101). However, the rate at which
owner/operators of OSWI units
substitute the use of landfilling services
rather than incur the costs of OSWI
compliance is highly uncertain.
Additionally, in the substitute means of
compliance demonstration program, the
EPA is proposing a mechanism that
would reduce compliance costs and
associated economic impacts while
maintaining environmental protections.
More information and details of this
analysis is provided in the
memorandum, Economic Impact
Analysis for the Proposed Standards of
Performance for New Stationary Sources
and Emission Guidelines for Existing
Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration
Units, which is available in the docket
for this action.
E. What are the benefits?
This action will likely lead to air
quality improvements. The EPA
estimates about 31 tons per year
emission reductions in the CAA section
129 pollutants as a result of the
proposed amendments. The proposed
amendments also revise the OSWI
standards such that they apply at all
times, which we expect will minimize
emissions during these periods and
protect public health and the
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54197
environment. Additionally, the
proposed amendments require
electronic submittal of performance
tests, deviation reports, and annual
compliance reports, which will
streamline reporting for affected sources
and increase the usefulness of the data
and improve data accessibility for the
public. The electronic reporting
requirements will, therefore, further
assist in the protection of public health
and the environment and will
ultimately result in less burden on the
regulated community. See section II.B.6
of this preamble for more information.
IV. Request for Comments
We solicit comments on the proposed
testing and compliance options, as
discussed in section II.B.4 of this
preamble. Specifically, we request that
owners of affected or potentially
affected units provide information on
their unit or potential units, including
waste characterization data, to
characterize and categorize units for
testing. The EPA is also interested in
any additional information, including
emissions data, that may be available,
and whether facilities have completed
testing. Additionally, we request
comments on the proposed options for
units combusting less than 10 TPD that
would allow facilities to use a substitute
means of compliance demonstration for
initial compliance. We also request
comment on the proposed annual
compliance options that allow for
recordkeeping of waste characterization
and operating parameters in lieu of
annual testing; specifically, we request
any data or templates that may be used
currently within industry to track the
waste combusted and operations of
OSWI units.
V. Statutory and Executive Orders
Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant
regulatory action and was therefore not
submitted to the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing
Regulations and Controlling Regulatory
Costs
This action is expected to be an
Executive Order 13771 deregulatory
action. Details on the estimated cost
savings of this proposed rule can be
found in the EPA’s analysis of the
potential costs and benefits associated
with this action in section III of this
preamble.
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C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
The information collection activities
in this proposed rule have been
submitted for approval to OMB under
the PRA. The ICR documents that the
EPA prepared have been assigned EPA
ICR number 2163.07 for 40 CFR part 60,
subpart EEEE and EPA ICR number
2164.07 for 40 CFR part 60, subpart
FFFF. You can find a copy of the ICRs
in the docket for this rule, and they are
briefly summarized here.
The EPA is proposing to revise 40
CFR part 60, subpart EEEE and subpart
FFFF to include new requirements for
subcategories of VSMWC or IWI units
that have capacities equal to or less than
10 TPD. For units that have capacities
equal to or less than 10 TPD, the EPA
is proposing revised emission limits and
a substitute means of compliance
demonstration in lieu of initial and
annual stack testing, add-on control
devices, and CEMS. Units with a
capacity to combust greater than or
equal to 10 TPD would continue to meet
the current testing, monitoring, and
recordkeeping requirements of the NSPS
or EG. Additionally, the EPA is
proposing to remove the reporting
requirements related to periods of SSM,
because the emission limits will apply
at all times. The EPA is also proposing
electronic reporting requirements for
submittal of certain reports and
performance test results. The ICRs
reflect only the incremental burden
associated with the requirements of the
proposed rules.
Respondents/affected entities:
Owners and operators of other solid
waste incineration units.
Respondent’s obligation to respond:
Mandatory (40 CFR 60, subparts EEEE
and FFFF).
Estimated number of respondents:
128.
Frequency of response: Initially and
annually.
Total estimated burden: 5,817 hours
(per year). Burden is defined at 5 CFR
1320.3(b).
Total estimated cost: $2,150,000 (per
year), includes $1,490,000 annualized
capital or operation and maintenance
costs.
An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to
respond to, a collection of information
unless it displays a currently valid OMB
control number. The OMB control
numbers for the EPA’s regulations in 40
CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
Submit your comments on the
Agency’s need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden
estimates and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to
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the EPA using the docket identified at
the beginning of this rule. You may also
send your ICR-related comments to
OMB’s Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs via email to OIRA_
submission@omb.eop.gov, Attention:
Desk Officer for the EPA. Since OMB is
required to make a decision concerning
the ICR between 30 and 60 days after
receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than September 30, 2020. The EPA
will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
I certify that this action will not have
a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the RFA. In making this
determination, the impact of concern is
any significant adverse economic
impact on small entities. An agency may
certify that a rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities if
the rule relieves regulatory burden, has
no net burden, or otherwise has a
positive economic effect on the small
entities subject to the rule. This notice
of proposed rulemaking will reduce
some regulatory requirements relative to
those specified in the 2005 OSWI rule.
The December 2005 final OSWI rule was
certified as not having a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. We have,
therefore, concluded that this action
will have no net regulatory burden for
all directly regulated small entities.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA)
This action does not contain an
unfunded mandate of $100 million or
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C.
1531–1538, and does not significantly or
uniquely affect small governments.
While this action creates an enforceable
duty on the private sector, the cost does
not exceed $100 million or more.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism
implications. It will not have substantial
direct effects on the states, on the
relationship between the national
government and the states, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
and Coordination With Indian Tribal
Governments
This action has tribal implications.
However, it will neither impose
substantial direct compliance costs on
federally recognized tribal governments,
nor preempt tribal law. We believe that
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certain small OSWI units may be owned
or operated by tribal governments or
communities.
However, consistent with the EPA
Policy on Coordination and
Consultation with Indian Tribes, the
EPA will provide tribal officials the
opportunity to provide meaningful and
timely input early in the development of
this action through multiple outreach
activities such as tribal partnership
calls, webinars, and offers for
government-to-government consultation
with potentially impacted tribes and
other tribes as requested.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
Children From Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order
13045 as applying to those regulatory
actions that concern environmental
health or safety risks that the EPA has
reason to believe may
disproportionately affect children, per
the definition of ‘‘covered regulatory
action’’ in section 2–202 of the
Executive Order. This action is not
subject to Executive Order 13045
because it does not concern an
environmental health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive
Order 13211 because it is not a
significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act (NTTAA)
This action involves technical
standards. Two voluntary consensus
standards (VCS) were identified as an
acceptable alternative to the EPA test
methods for the purposes of this rule.
The VCS, American National
Standards Institute/American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ANSI/ASME)
PTC 19.10–1981 Part 10, ‘‘Flue and
Exhaust Gas Analyses’’ was identified as
an acceptable alternative to EPA
Methods 3B, 6, and 7 (manual portion
only, not the instrumental procedures).
This standard was previously
incorporated into the 2005 OSWI final
rule. This method determines
quantitatively the gaseous constituents
of exhausts resulting from stationary
combustion sources. The gases covered
in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981 are
oxygen, carbon dioxide, CO, (N), SO2,
sulfur trioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen
dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and
hydrocarbons, however the use in this
rule is only applicable to oxygen, carbon
dioxide, SO2, nitric oxide, and nitrogen
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dioxide. This standard may be obtained
from https://www.asme.org/ or from the
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) at Three Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10016–
5990.
The VCS, ASTM D7520–16,
‘‘Standard Test Method for Determining
the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor
Ambient Atmosphere’’ was identified as
an acceptable alternative to EPA Method
9, but only if these conditions are
followed: (1) During the digital camera
opacity technique (DCOT) certification
procedure outlined in Section 9.2 of
ASTM D7520–16, you or the DCOT
vendor must present the plumes in front
of various backgrounds of color and
contrast representing conditions
anticipated during field use such as blue
sky, trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree stand); (2)
you must also have standard operating
procedures in place including daily or
other frequency quality checks to ensure
the equipment is within manufacturing
specifications as outlined in Section 8.1
of ASTM D7520–16; (3) you must follow
the recordkeeping procedures outlined
in 40 CFR 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT
certification, compliance report, data
sheets, and all raw unaltered JPEGs used
for opacity and certification
determination; and (4) you or the DCOT
vendor must have a minimum of four
independent technology users apply the
software to determine the visible
opacity of the 300 certification plumes.
For each set of 25 plumes, the user may
not exceed 15 percent opacity of any
one reading and the average error must
not exceed 7.5-percent opacity.
The EPA proposes to use ASTM
D7520–16, ‘‘Standard Test Method for
Determining the Opacity of a Plume in
the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere’’ as
an acceptable alternative to EPA Method
9. This method describes procedures to
determine the opacity of a plume, using
digital imagery and associated hardware
and software, where opacity is caused
by PM emitted from a stationary point
source in the outdoor ambient
environment. The opacity of emissions
is determined by the application of a
DCOT that consists of a digital still
camera, analysis software, and the
output function’s content to obtain and
interpret digital images to determine
and report plume opacity. With the
conditions identified above, we found
that the technical sampling and
analytical procedures are an equivalent
method to EPA Method 9. This method
is available for purchase from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
P.O. Box CB700, West Conshohocken,
Pennsylvania 19428–2959, (800) 262–
1373, https://www.astm.org/. The EPA’s
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approval of this method as an
alternative method does not provide or
imply a certification or validation of any
vendor’s hardware or software. The
onus to maintain and verify the
certification and/or training of the
DCOT camera, software, and operator in
accordance with ASTM D7520–16 is on
the facility, DCOT operator, and DCOT
vendor.
While the EPA also identified 26 VCS
that were potentially applicable for this
rule in lieu of the EPA reference
methods, the Agency is not proposing to
use these standards. After reviewing the
available standards, the EPA determined
that the 26 candidate methods would
not be practical due to lack of
equivalency, documentation, validation
data, and other important technical and
policy considerations. For additional
informaion, see the memorandum,
Voluntary Consensus Standard Results
for Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources and Emission
Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units;
Proposed Rule, which is available in the
docket for this action.
54199
substances, Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations.
Andrew Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set forth in the
preamble, the EPA is proposing to
amend 40 CFR part 60 as follows:
PART 60—STANDARDS OF
PERFORMANCE FOR NEW
STATIONARY SOURCES
1. The authority citation for part 60
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A—General Provisions
2. Section 60.17 is amended by:
a. Revising paragraph (g)(14);
b. Redesignating paragraphs (h)(193)
through (209) as paragraphs (h)(194)
through (210); and
■ c. Adding paragraph (h)(193).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
■
■
■
§ 60.17
Incorporations by reference.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60
*
*
*
*
(g) * * *
(14) ASME/ANSI PTC 19.10–1981,
Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part 10,
Instruments and Apparatus], (Issued
August 31, 1981), IBR approved for
§§ 60.56c(b), 60.63(f), 60.106(e),
60.104a(d), (h), (i), and (j), 60.105a(b),
(d), (f), and (g), 60.106a(a), 60.107a(a),
(c), and (d), 60.285a(f), 60.2145(s) and
(t), 60.2710(s) and (t), 60.2730(q),
60.2922(e), 60.2940(c), tables 1, 1a, 1b,
and 3 to subpart EEEE, §§ 60.3027(e)
and 60.3039(c), tables 2, 2b, and 4 to
subpart FFFF, table 2 to subpart JJJJ,
§§ 60.4415(a), 60.4900(b), tables 1 and 2
to subpart LLLL, § 60.5220(b), tables 2
and 3 to subpart MMMM, §§ 60.5406(c),
60.5406a(c), 60.5407a(g), 60.5413(b),
60.5413a(b) and (d).
*
*
*
*
*
(h) * * *
(193) ASTM D7520–16, Standard Test
Method for Determining the Opacity of
a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient
Atmosphere, approved April 1, 2016,
IBR approved for § 60.2972(a), tables 1,
1a, and 1b to subpart EEEE, § 60.3067(a),
and tables 2 and 2b to subpart FFFF.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 3. Subpart EEEE of part 60 is amended
by revising the subpart heading to read
as follows:
Environmental protection,
Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous
Subpart EEEE—Standards of
Performance for Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal
Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action does
not have disproportionately high and
adverse human health or environmental
effects on minority populations, lowincome populations, and/or indigenous
peoples, as specified in Executive Order
12898 (58 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
It does not affect the level of
protection provided to human health or
the environment. This action adds
alternative approaches to existing
testing and monitoring methods as
described in the 2005 OSWI rule. This
action incorporates regulatory
flexibilities without compromising the
environmental protection and, thus,
ensures even a unit with rudimentary
design will have several options for
demonstrating compliance, thereby
helping to further ensure against any
disproportionately high and adverse
human health or environmental effects
on minority or low-income populations.
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4. Section 60.2881 is revised to read
as follows:
■
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§ 60.2881 When does this subpart become
effective?
For all OSWI units, this subpart takes
effect June 16, 2006. Some of the
requirements in this subpart apply to
planning the incineration unit and must
be completed even before construction
is initiated on the unit (i.e., the
preconstruction requirements in
§§ 60.2894 and 60.2895). Other
requirements such as the emission
limitations and operating limits apply
when the unit begins operation.
Requirements for small OSWI units, as
defined in § 60.2977, and constructed
after August 31, 2020, become effective
no later than [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
■ 5. Section 60.2885 is amended by
revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 60.2885 Does this subpart apply to my
incineration unit?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Your incineration unit is an OSWI
unit as defined in § 60.2977 or an air
curtain incinerator (ACI) subject to this
subpart as described in § 60.2888(b).
Other solid waste incineration units are
very small municipal waste combustion
units and institutional waste
incineration units as defined in
§ 60.2977, and include small OSWI
units (either very small municipal waste
combustion units or institutional waste
incinerators).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 6. Section 60.2886 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) introductory text
and adding paragraphs (a)(3) through (5)
to read as follows:
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§ 60.2886
What is a new incineration unit?
(a) A new incineration unit is an
incineration unit subject to this subpart
that meets any of the criteria specified
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this
section, except as specified in paragraph
(a)(5) of this section.
*
*
*
*
*
(3) Is a small OSWI unit as defined in
§ 60.2977 and commenced construction
after August 31, 2020.
(4) Is a small OSWI unit as defined in
§ 60.2977 and commenced
reconstruction or modification on or
after [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.]
(5) If your incineration unit is a small
OSWI unit as defined in § 60.2977 and
commenced construction,
reconstruction, or modification prior to
August 31, 2020, paragraphs (a)(1) and
(2) of this section no longer apply.
These units are considered new
incineration units and remain subject to
the applicable requirements of this
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subpart until the units become subject
to the requirements of an approved state
plan or federal plan that implements
subpart FFFF of this part (Emission
Guidelines and Compliance Times for
Other Solid Waste Incineration Units).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 7. Section 60.2887 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) to
read as follows:
§ 60.2887 What combustion units are
excluded from this subpart?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(1) The unit has a federally
enforceable permit limiting the
combustion of municipal solid waste to
30 percent of the total fuel input by
weight.
*
*
*
*
*
(3) You provide the Administrator
with a copy of the federally enforceable
permit.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 8. Section 60.2888 is amended by
revising paragraphs (a) and (b)
introductory text to read as follows:
§ 60.2888 Are air curtain incinerators
regulated under this subpart?
(a) Air curtain incinerators that burn
less than 35 tons per day of municipal
solid waste or air curtain incinerators
located at institutional facilities burning
any amount of institutional waste
generated at that facility are incineration
units subject to all requirements of this
subpart, including the emission
limitations specified in tables 1, 1a, and
1b of this subpart.
(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn
less than 35 tons per day and burn only
the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (4) of this section collected
from the general public and from
residential, commercial, institutional,
and industrial sources; or, air curtain
incinerators located at institutional
facilities that burn only the materials
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of
this section generated at that facility, are
required to meet only the requirements
in §§ 60.2970 through 60.2973 and are
exempt from all other requirements of
this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 9. Section 60.2889 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2889 Who implements and enforces
this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented
and enforced by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated
authority such as your State, local, or
tribal agency. If EPA has delegated
authority to your state, local, or tribal
agency, then that agency (as well as
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EPA) has the authority to implement
and enforce this subpart. You should
contact your EPA Regional Office to find
out if this subpart is delegated to your
state, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and
enforcement authority of this subpart to
a state, local, or tribal agency, the
authorities contained in paragraphs
(b)(1) through (9) of this section are
retained by EPA and are not transferred
to the state, local, or tribal agency.
(1) The authority to approve
alternatives to the emission limitations
in tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart
and operating limits established under
§ 60.2916 and table 2 of this subpart.
(2) The authority to approve petitions
for specific operating limits in
accordance with the requirements in
§ 60.2917.
(3) The authority of the Administrator
to receive and grant petitions under
§ 60.8(b)(3) to approve major
alternatives to test methods in
§ 60.2922.
(4) The authority to approve major
alternatives to monitoring in §§ 60.2939
through 60.2945.
(5) The authority to approve major
alternatives to recordkeeping and
reporting in §§ 60.2949 through 60.2962.
(6) The authority to receive the
required notices and to approve
continued operation in connection with
the status report requirements in
§ 60.2911(c)(2).
(7) The authority of the Administrator
to receive and grant petitions under
§ 60.11(e)(6) through (8) to adjust
opacity standards and establish opacity
standards in accordance with alternative
opacity emission limits in § 60.2915 and
§§ 60.2971 through 60.2973.
(8) The authority of the Administrator
under § 60.8(b)(4) to waive performance
test requirements and § 60.8(b)(5) to
approve shorter sampling times or
smaller sample volumes.
(9) The authority to approve an
alternative to any electronic reporting to
the EPA required by this subpart.
■ 10. Section 60.2890 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
adding paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as
follows:
§ 60.2890 How are these new source
performance standards structured?
These new source performance
standards contain eleven major
components, as follows:
*
*
*
*
*
(j) Definitions.
(k) Tables.
■ 11. Section 60.2895 is amended by
revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read
as follows:
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§ 60.2895
What is a siting analysis?
(a) The siting analysis must consider
air pollution control alternatives that
minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the
maximum extent practicable, potential
risks to public health or the
environment. In considering such
alternatives, you may consider costs,
energy impacts, non-air environmental
impacts, or any other factors related to
the practicability of the alternatives.
(b) Analyses of your OSWI unit’s
impacts that are prepared to comply
with state, local, or other federal
regulatory requirements may be used to
satisfy the requirements of this section,
provided they include the consideration
of air pollution control alternatives
specified in paragraph (a) of this
section.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 12. Section 60.2905 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b), (c) introductory
text, (c)(1)(iv), (c)(1)(viii), and (c)(1)(x)
to read as follows:
§ 60.2905 What are the operator training
and qualification requirements?
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*
*
*
*
*
(b) Operator training and qualification
must be obtained through a stateapproved program or by completing the
requirements included in paragraph (c)
of this section.
(c) Training must be obtained by
completing an incinerator operator
training course that includes, at a
minimum, the three elements described
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section:
(1) * * *
(iv) Combustion controls and
monitoring, including good combustion
practices and waste characterization
procedures.
*
*
*
*
*
(viii) Actions to prevent and correct
malfunctions or to prevent and correct
conditions that may lead to
malfunction.
*
*
*
*
*
(x) Applicable federal, state, and local
regulations, including Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
workplace standards.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 13. Section 60.2906 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the introductory text and
paragraph (a);
■ b. Redesignating paragraph (c) as
paragraph (d); and
■ c. Adding paragraph (c).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 60.2906 When must the operator training
course be completed?
The operator training course must be
completed by the latest of the dates
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54201
specified in paragraphs (a) through (d)
of this section.
(a) Six months after your OSWI unit
startup date.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] for small
OSWI units that commenced
construction after August 31, 2020.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 14. Section 60.2908 is amended by
revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
§ 60.2907, and maintained or renewed
their qualification under §§ 60.2908 or
60.2909. Records must include
documentation of training, the dates of
the initial and refresher training, and
the dates of their qualification and all
subsequent renewals of such
qualifications.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 16. Section 60.2911 is amended by
revising the introductory paragraph to
read as follows:
§ 60.2908 How do I maintain my operator
qualification?
For each batch OSWI unit, a qualified
operator must be accessible at all times
when the unit is operating. For each
continuous OSWI unit or intermittent
OSWI unit, if all qualified operators are
temporarily not accessible (i.e., not at
the facility and not able to be at the
facility within 1 hour), you must meet
one of the three criteria specified in
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section, depending on the length of time
that a qualified operator is not
accessible.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 17. Section 60.2915 is revised to read
as follows:
*
*
*
*
*
(d) Prevention and correction of
malfunctions or conditions that may
lead to malfunction.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 15. Section 60.2910 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraphs (a)
introductory text and (a)(4);
■ b. Adding paragraph (a)(10); and
■ c. Revising paragraphs (b)(1) and
(c)(2).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 60.2910 What site-specific
documentation is required?
(a) Documentation must be available
at the facility and readily accessible for
all OSWI unit operators that addresses
the ten topics described in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (10) of this section. You
must maintain this information and the
training records required by paragraph
(c) of this section in a manner that they
can be readily accessed and are suitable
for inspection upon request.
*
*
*
*
*
(4) Procedures for maintaining good
combustion practices, including proper
combustion air supply levels.
*
*
*
*
*
(10) Procedures for establishing initial
and continuous compliance, including
but not limited to, procedures to
determine waste characterization.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(1) The initial review of the
information listed in paragraph (a) of
this section must be conducted by
December 18, 2006, or prior to an
employee’s assumption of
responsibilities for operation of the
OSWI unit, whichever date is later.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(2) Records showing the names of the
OSWI unit operators who have
completed the operator training
requirements under § 60.2905, met the
criteria for qualification under
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§ 60.2911 What if all the qualified
operators are temporarily not accessible?
§ 60.2915 What emission limitations must I
meet and by when?
For OSWI units with initial startup
before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], you must meet the
emission limitations specified in table 1
of this subpart 60 days after your OSWI
unit reaches the charge rate at which it
will operate, but no later than 180 days
after its initial startup. For OSWI units
with capacities greater than 10 tons per
day and with initial startup on or after
[DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], you must meet the
emissions limitations specified in table
1a of this subpart 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at
which it will operate, but no later than
180 days after its initial startup. For
small OSWI units with initial startup on
or after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], you must meet the
emission limitations specified in table
1b of this subpart 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at
which it will operate, but no later than
180 days after its initial startup.
■ 18. Section 60.2916 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2916 What operating limits must I
meet and by when?
You must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through
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(h) of this section, as applicable. If you
own or operate a small OSWI unit using
the substitute means of compliance
demonstration under § 60.2929, the
references in this section to the most
recent performance test demonstrating
compliance are not applicable and
instead, refer to the limits established
during the representative performance
test identified in the information
submitted as specified in § 60.2929(b).
(a) You must establish a maximum
charge rate, calculated using the
procedures in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of
this section, as appropriate.
(1) For continuous and intermittent
units, maximum charge rate is the
average charge rate measured during the
most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(2) For batch units, maximum charge
rate is the charge rate measured during
the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(b) You must establish a minimum
combustion chamber operating
temperature, equal to the lowest 1-hour
average combustion chamber operating
temperature measured during the most
recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission
limitations.
(c) If you use a wet scrubber to
comply with the emission limitations,
you must establish operating limits for
the operating parameters as described in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Minimum pressure drop across the
wet scrubber, which is calculated as the
lowest 1-hour average pressure drop
across the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with the
particulate matter emission limitations;
or minimum amperage to the wet
scrubber, which is calculated as the
average amperage to the wet scrubber
measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(2) Minimum scrubber liquor flow
rate, which is calculated as the lowest
1-hour average liquor flow rate at the
inlet to the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(3) Minimum scrubber liquor pH,
which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour
average liquor pH at the outlet to the
wet scrubber measured during the most
recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with the hydrogen chloride
and sulfur dioxide emission limitations.
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(d) If you use a dry scrubber to
comply with the emission limitations,
you must measure the injection rate of
each sorbent during the performance
test. The minimum operating limit for
the injection rate of each sorbent is
calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
injection rate for each sorbent measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with the
hydrogen chloride emission limitations.
(e) If you use an electrostatic
precipitator to comply with the
emission limitations, you must measure
the (secondary) voltage and amperage of
the electrostatic precipitator collection
plates during the particulate matter
performance test. Calculate the average
electric power value (secondary voltage
× secondary current = secondary electric
power) for each test run. The minimum
operating limit for the electrostatic
precipitator is calculated as the lowest
1-hour average secondary electric power
measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(f) If you use a fabric filter to comply
with the emission limitations, you must
operate each fabric filter system such
that the bag leak detection system alarm
does not sound more than 5 percent of
the operating time during a 6-month
period. Calculate the alarm time (i.e.,
time that the alarm sounds) as specified
in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If inspection of the fabric filter
demonstrates that no corrective action is
required, the alarm duration is not
counted in the alarm time calculation.
(2) If corrective action is required and
you take less than an hour to initiate
corrective action, the alarm time is
counted as 1 hour. If you take longer
than 1 hour to initiate corrective action,
the alarm time is counted as the actual
amount of time taken to initiate
corrective action.
(g) If you own or operate a small
OSWI unit and you demonstrate
continuous compliance according to
§ 60.2932(d), you must establish the
amount of waste burned in each waste
category as a percentage of total waste
burned on a mass basis. These
percentages are your waste profile and
must be based on the categories of waste
fed to the incinerator (e.g., food waste,
paper waste, wood waste) during the
most recent performance test.
(h) You must meet the operating
limits specified in paragraphs (a)
through (g) of this section no later than
the date specified in paragraph (h)(1) or
(2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) For each OSWI unit with a
capacity greater than 10 tons per day or
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for each small OSWI unit for which you
conduct an initial performance test
under § 60.2927(a), within 60 days after
your OSWI unit reaches the charge rate
at which it will operate, but no later
than 180 days after its initial startup.
(2) For each small OSWI unit for
which you use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration under
§ 60.2929, by the date you submit to the
Administrator the information required
in § 60.2929(b).
■ 19. Section 60.2917 is amended by
revising the section heading and the
introductory text to read as follows:
§ 60.2917 What if I do not use a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, or fabric filter to
comply with the emission limitations?
If you use an air pollution control
device other than a wet scrubber, dry
scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or
fabric filter to comply with the emission
limitations under § 60.2915, you must
petition EPA for specific operating
limits, the values of which are to be
established during the performance test
and then continuously monitored
thereafter. Additionally, unless you
demonstrate continuous compliance
using the requirements in § 60.2932(d),
if you limit emissions in some other
manner, including material balances, to
comply with the emission limitations
under § 60.2915, then you must submit
a petition. You must submit the petition
at least 60 days before the performance
test is scheduled to begin and not
conduct the initial performance test
until after the petition has been
approved by EPA. Your petition must
include the five items listed in
paragraphs (a) through (e) of this
section.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 60.2918
[Removed]
20. Remove § 60.2918.
21. Section 60.2922 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b) through (f), (g)
introductory text, (g)(1)(i), and (g)(3)(i)
and (ii) to read as follows:
■
■
§ 60.2922 How do I conduct the initial and
annual performance test?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) All performance tests must be
conducted using the methods in tables
1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart.
(c) All performance tests must be
conducted using the minimum run
duration specified in tables 1, 1a, and 1b
of this subpart.
(d) EPA Method 1 of appendix A of
this part must be used to select the
sampling location and number of
traverse points.
(e) EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix
A of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC
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19.10–1981 (incorporated by reference,
see § 60.17), in lieu of EPA Method 3B,
must be used for gas composition
analysis, including measurement of
oxygen concentration. EPA Method 3A
or 3B of appendix A of this part or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981 must be
used simultaneously with each method.
(f) All pollutant concentrations,
except for opacity, must be adjusted to
7 percent oxygen using Equation 1 in
§ 60.2975.
(g) EPA Method 26A of appendix A of
this part must be used for hydrogen
chloride concentration analysis, with
the additional requirements specified in
paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) * * *
(i) Assemble the sampling train(s) and
conduct a conditioning run by
collecting between 14 liters per minute
(0.5 cubic feet per minute) and 30 liters
per minute (1.0 cubic feet per minute)
of gas over a one-hour period. Follow
the sampling procedures outlined in
section 8.1.5 of EPA Method 26A of
appendix A of this part. For the
conditioning run, water can be used as
the impinger solution.
*
*
*
*
*
(3) * * *
(i) The cyclone described in section
6.1.4 of EPA Method 26A of appendix
A of this part must be used.
(ii) The post-test moisture removal
procedure described in section 8.1.6 of
EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this
part must be used.
■ 22. Section 60.2923 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2923 How are the performance test
data used?
You use results of performance tests
to demonstrate compliance with the
emission limitations in tables 1, 1a, and
1b of this subpart.
■ 23. Section 60.2927 is revised to read
as follows:
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§ 60.2927 How do I demonstrate initial
compliance with the emission limitations
and establish the operating limits?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, you must conduct an
initial performance test, as required
under § 60.8, to determine compliance
with the emission limitations in table 1,
1a, or 1b of this subpart and to establish
operating limits using the procedures in
§ 60.2916 or § 60.2917. The initial
performance test must be conducted
using the test methods listed in table 1,
1a, or 1b of this subpart and the
procedures in § 60.2922. In the event of
any conflict between § 60.8 and the
provisions of this subpart, the
provisions of this subpart shall apply.
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(b) For small OSWI units, as defined
in § 60.2977, you must demonstrate
initial compliance according to
paragraph (a) of this section, unless you
comply with the requirements for the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration in § 60.2929.
(c) As an alternative to conducting a
performance test under paragraph (a) of
this section for carbon monoxide, you
may use a 12-hour rolling average of the
1-hour arithmetic average CEMS data to
determine compliance with the
emission limitations in tables 1, 1a, and
1b of this subpart. The initial
performance evaluation required by
§ 60.2940(b) must be conducted prior to
collecting CEMS data that will be used
for the initial compliance
demonstration.
■ 24. Section 60.2928 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2928 By what date must I conduct the
initial performance test?
The initial performance test must be
conducted within 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at
which it will operate, but no later than
180 days after its initial startup. For
units which start-up between August 31,
2020 and [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], the
initial performance test must be
conducted within 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at
which it will operate, but no later than
180 days after its initial startup, or by
[DATE 240 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
whichever date is later.
■ 25. Section 60.2929 is added to read
as follows:
§ 60.2929 What are the substitute means
of compliance demonstration requirements
for small OSWI units?
Instead of conducting the initial
performance test in § 60.2927(a), small
OSWI units, as defined in § 60.2977,
may demonstrate initial compliance
according to the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (d) of this
section.
(a) You must submit the information
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section and comply with the
requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this
section for each OSWI unit for which
you are using a substitute means of
compliance demonstration.
(1) On or before [DATE 6 MONTHS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] or
within 60 days of startup, whichever is
later, you must submit a written
notification to the Administrator that
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you intend to use the substitute means
of compliance demonstration. Your
submittal must include information on
the design and operation of the OSWI
unit, including the information in
paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this
section.
(i) Manufacturer, make, and model of
the unit.
(ii) Type of unit (e.g., burn barrel,
incinerator with secondary chamber,
etc.).
(iii) Capacity of the unit.
(2) Beginning on [DATE 6 MONTHS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] or
upon initial startup, whichever is later,
you must collect the data in paragraphs
(a)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section. You
must continue to collect the data in
paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vii) of this
section until you meet the requirements
of paragraph (b) of this section.
(i) Identity and weight of each waste
type (e.g., lbs of paper waste, food
waste, wood or yard waste) on a weekly
total basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(ii) Identity and quantities (e.g., flow
rate or percentage of operating time) of
supplemental fuels burned on a weekly
total basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(iii) Percentage of total waste burned
for each waste type on a weekly average
basis for the date range the information
is collected.
(iv) Temperature indicative of the
combustion chamber and description of
where temperature is measured. Record
this information on a 3-hour rolling
average basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(v) Hours operated per day for the
date range the information is collected.
(vi) Charge rate each day in tons per
day for the date range the information
is collected.
(vii) Operating parameter data for any
air pollution control devices. For wet
scrubbers, include pressure drop across
the scrubber or amperage to the
scrubber, scrubber liquor inlet flow rate,
and scrubber liquor pH at the outlet of
the scrubber. For dry scrubbers, include
injection rate of each sorbent used. For
electrostatic precipitators, include the
secondary voltage, secondary amperage,
and secondary power. Record this
information on a 3-hour rolling average
basis for the date range the information
is collected.
(b) On or before the latest of [DATE
21 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER]; 60 days after the OSWI
unit reaches the charge rate at which it
will operate; or 180 days after initial
startup, you must identify the results of
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a performance test in the EPA’s
WebFIRE database that is representative
for your OSWI unit using the criteria in
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (viii) of this
section and submit the information in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
You must submit the information
following the procedure in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section. The performance
test may be any test that meets the
requirements in paragraph (c) of this
section, regardless of location, that is
representative of your OSWI unit.
(1) Identify the representative
performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance with each OSWI unit
by submitting the information in
paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vi) of this
section as provided in the EPA’s
WebFIRE database for the performance
test:
(i) Organization.
(ii) Facility.
(iii) City.
(iv) State.
(v) County.
(vi) Submission date.
(2) A description of how the test is
representative for your OSWI unit,
based on the following criteria, using
the data submitted as specified in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section and
collected as specified in paragraph (a)(2)
of this section:
(i) Unit design, including type of unit
and any associated air pollution control
devices.
(ii) Charge rate.
(iii) Type of operation (batch,
continuous, intermittent).
(iv) Combustion temperature and
location of temperature measurement.
(v) Types of waste burned.
(vi) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.2977.
(vii) Type and amount of
supplemental fuels.
(viii) Similarity of air pollution
control devices and operation of the air
pollution control devices, if the
performance test was conducted on a
unit with an air pollution control
device.
(3) You must submit the information
required in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of
this section via CEDRI, which can be
accessed through the EPA’s Central Data
Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/).
The EPA will make all the information
submitted through CEDRI available to
the public without further notice to you.
Do not use CEDRI to submit information
you claim as confidential business
information (CBI). Anything submitted
using CEDRI cannot later be claimed
CBI. Although we do not expect persons
to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to
assert a CBI claim, submit the
information, including information
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claimed to be CBI, to the EPA on a
compact disc, flash drive, or other
commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD
C404–02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham,
NC 27703. The same file with the CBI
omitted must be submitted via the
EPA’s CDX as described earlier in this
paragraph (b)(3). Furthermore, under
CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment,
and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public.
Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made
publicly available.
(c) Any performance test used as a
representative test in a substitute means
of compliance demonstration under
paragraph (b) of this section must be
conducted following the initial testing
requirements of § 60.2922 and
demonstrate compliance with the
emission limits in table 1b of this
subpart. In addition to the results of the
performance test and the information
required by § 60.8(f)(2), the performance
test report must contain the information
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this
section.
(1) Unit design, including type of unit
and any associated air pollution control
devices.
(2) Charge rate during the test.
(3) Type of operation (batch,
continuous, intermittent).
(4) Combustion temperature and
location of temperature measurement.
The temperature must be recorded
continuously for each run of the
performance test. The performance test
report must also identify the lowest 1hour average combustion chamber
operating temperature.
(5) Types of waste burned during the
test.
(6) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.2977, established during the test.
(7) Type and amount of supplemental
fuels burned during the test and the
timeframe that each supplemental fuel
was burned during the test.
(8) If the performance test was
conducted on a unit with an air
pollution control device, the operating
parameter data for the control device
must be recorded continuously for each
run of the performance test. The
performance test report must also
identify the lowest or highest, as
applicable, 1-hour average for the
operating parameter.
(i) For wet scrubbers, the performance
test report must include data for
pressure drop across the scrubber or
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amperage to the scrubber, scrubber
liquor inlet flow rate, and scrubber
liquor pH at the outlet of the scrubber.
(ii) For dry scrubbers, the
performance test report must include
data for the injection rate of each
sorbent used.
(iii) For electrostatic precipitators, the
performance test report must include
data for the secondary voltage,
secondary amperage, and secondary
power.
(d) If there are no results from a
performance test that meet the
requirements of paragraph (c) of this
section that are representative of your
OSWI unit, you must demonstrate
initial compliance according to the
requirements of § 60.2927(a).
■ 26. Section 60.2932 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2932 How do I demonstrate
continuous compliance with the emission
limitations and the operating limits?
You must demonstrate continuous
compliance according to the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through
(c) of this section, unless you own or
operate a small OSWI unit, as defined
in § 60.2977. If you own or operate a
small OSWI unit, you must either
comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section or
the requirements in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(a) You must conduct an annual
performance test for all of the pollutants
in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart for
each OSWI unit to determine
compliance with the emission
limitations, except if you own or operate
an OSWI unit with a capacity greater
than 10 tons per day, you are not
required to conduct an annual
performance test for carbon monoxide.
The annual performance test must be
conducted using the test methods listed
in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart and
the procedures in § 60.2922.
(b) You must continuously monitor
carbon monoxide emissions to
determine compliance with the carbon
monoxide emissions limitation. Twelvehour rolling average values, including
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown as defined in this subpart, are
used to determine compliance. A 12hour rolling average value above the
carbon monoxide emission limit in table
1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart constitutes
a deviation from the emission
limitation.
(c) You must continuously monitor
the operating parameters specified in
§ 60.2916(a) through (f) or established
under § 60.2917. Three-hour rolling
average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating limits,
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with the exception of bag leak detection
system alarm time, unless a different
averaging period is established under
§ 60.2917. A 3-hour rolling average
value (unless a different averaging
period is established under § 60.2917)
above the established maximum or
below the established minimum
operating limits constitutes a deviation
from the established operating limits.
For bag leak detection systems, an alarm
time of more than 5 percent of the
operating time during a 6-month period
constitutes a deviation from the
operating limit. Operating limits do not
apply during performance tests.
(d) For each small OSWI unit, you
must comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) You must record the mass rate of
each category of waste burned and on a
weekly average basis and you must
maintain the percentage of waste burned
for each waste category within +/- 15
percent of the percentage established for
that waste category according to the
waste profile established under
§ 60.2916(g) and maintain records as
required in § 60.2949(p). Failure to
maintain the percentage of waste burned
for each waste category within +/- 15
percent of the percentage established for
that waste category constitutes a
deviation.
(2) If your waste profile will not meet
the requirement in paragraph (d)(1) of
this section, before combusting the
modified waste stream, you must either
conduct a performance test of the unit
using the test methods listed in table 1b
of this subpart and the procedures in
§ 60.2922 with a waste stream
representative of the new waste profile
or identify a representative performance
test for the new waste profile. If you use
a representative performance test, the
performance test must meet the
requirements in § 60.2929(c), and you
must submit the information in
§ 60.2929(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator. Failure to conduct a
performance test or identify a
representative test constitutes a
deviation.
(3) You must continuously monitor
the operating parameters specified in
§ 60.2916(b) through (f), as applicable.
The total daily charge rate is used to
determine compliance with the charge
rate limit in § 60.2916(a). For the
operating parameters in § 60.2916(b)
through (f), determine compliance as
described in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) or (ii)
of this section. Failure to meet the
operating parameters specified in
§ 60.2916(a) through (f) is a deviation.
(i) Three-hour rolling average values
are used to determine compliance with
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the operating parameter limits, unless
your small OSWI unit operates on a
batch basis and it is operated for less
than three hours.
(ii) If your small OSWI unit operates
on a batch basis, and you operate for
less than three hours, compliance with
the operating parameter limits are
determined by averaging the operating
parameter over the length of the batch
operation.
■ 27. Section 60.2933 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2933 By what date must I conduct the
annual performance test?
For each OSWI unit that is subject to
the annual performance test
requirement in § 60.2932(a), you must
conduct annual performance tests
within 12 months following the initial
performance test. Conduct subsequent
annual performance tests within 12
months following the previous one.
■ 28. Section 60.2934 is amended by
adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:
§ 60.2934 May I conduct performance
testing less often?
*
*
*
*
*
(d) For small OSWI units
demonstrating initial compliance
following the substitute means of
compliance demonstration requirements
in § 60.2929, the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section
do not apply.
■ 29. Section 60.2935 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2935 May I conduct a repeat
performance test to establish new operating
limits?
(a) Yes, you may conduct a repeat
performance test at any time to establish
new values for the operating limits. The
Administrator may request a repeat
performance test at any time.
(b) For each small OSWI unit, as
defined in § 60.2977, for which you opt
to demonstrate continuous compliance
following the requirements in
§ 60.2932(d), if you want to establish
new operating parameter limits or
establish a different waste profile, you
must comply with either paragraph
(b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) You must conduct a new
performance test of the unit using the
test methods listed in table 1b of this
subpart and the procedures in § 60.2922
with a waste stream representative of
the new waste profile or under the new
operating parameter limits.
(2) You must identify a representative
performance test that meets the
requirements in § 60.2929(c). You must
submit the information in
§ 60.2929(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator.
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30. Section 60.2939 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
■
§ 60.2939 What continuous emission
monitoring systems must I install?
(a) For each OSWI unit with a
capacity greater than 10 tons per day,
you must install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate continuous emission
monitoring systems for carbon
monoxide and for oxygen. You must
monitor the oxygen concentration at
each location where you monitor carbon
monoxide.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 31. Section 60.2940 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read
as follows:
§ 60.2940 How do I make sure my
continuous emission monitoring systems
are operating correctly?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Complete your initial performance
evaluation of the continuous emission
monitoring systems within 60 days after
your OSWI unit reaches the maximum
load level at which it will operate, but
no later than 180 days after its initial
startup.
(c) For initial and annual performance
evaluations, collect data concurrently
(or within 30 to 60 minutes) using your
carbon monoxide and oxygen
continuous emission monitoring
systems. To validate carbon monoxide
concentration levels, use EPA Method
10, 10A, or 10B of appendix A of this
part. Use EPA Method 3A or 3B of
appendix A to this part or ANSI/ASME
PTC 19.10–1981 (incorporated by
reference, see § 60.17), in lieu of Method
3B, to measure oxygen. Collect the data
during each initial and annual
evaluation of your continuous emission
monitoring systems following the
applicable performance specifications in
appendix B of this part. Table 3 of this
subpart shows the required span values
and performance specifications that
apply to each continuous emission
monitoring system.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 32. Section 60.2942 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (f) to read as follows:
§ 60.2942 What is the minimum amount of
monitoring data I must collect with my
continuous emission monitoring systems?
(a) Where continuous emission
monitoring systems are required, obtain
1-hour arithmetic averages. Except for
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown, as defined in this subpart,
the 1-hour arithmetic averages for
carbon monoxide must be expressed in
parts per million by dry volume
corrected to 7 percent oxygen. The
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CEMS data during startup and
shutdown are not corrected to 7 percent
oxygen and are measured at stack
oxygen content. Use the 1-hour averages
of oxygen data from your CEMS to
determine the actual oxygen level and to
calculate emissions at 7 percent oxygen.
Use Equation 2 in § 60.2975 to calculate
the 12-hour rolling averages from the 1hour arithmetic averages.
*
*
*
*
*
(f) If continuous emission monitoring
systems are temporarily unavailable to
meet the data collection requirements,
refer to table 3 of this subpart. It shows
alternate methods for collecting data
when systems malfunction or when
repairs, calibration checks, or zero and
span checks keep you from collecting
the minimum amount of data. Failure to
collect required data is a deviation of
the monitoring requirements.
■ 33. Section 60.2944 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (c), and adding
paragraph (d) to read as follows:
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§ 60.2944 What operating parameter
monitoring equipment must I install, or
what operating parameters must I monitor?
(a) You must install, calibrate (to
manufacturers’ specifications at the
frequency recommended by the
manufacturer), maintain, and operate
devices (or establish methods) for
monitoring the value of the operating
parameters used to determine
compliance with the operating limits
listed in table 2 of this subpart, as
applicable. These devices (or methods)
must measure and record the values for
these operating parameters at the
frequencies indicated in table 2 of this
subpart at all times. The devices must
be positioned to provide a
representative measurement of the
parameter monitored.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) If you are using a fabric filter to
comply with the requirements of this
subpart, you must install, calibrate,
maintain, and continuously operate a
bag leak detection system as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this
section:
(1) You must install and operate a bag
leak detection system for each exhaust
stack of the fabric filter. The bag leak
sensor(s) must be installed in a
position(s) that will be representative of
the relative or absolute particulate
matter loadings for each exhaust stack,
roof vent, or compartment of the fabric
filter;
(2) Each bag leak detection system
must be installed, operated, calibrated,
and maintained in a manner consistent
with the manufacturer’s written
specifications and recommendations;
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and in accordance with the guidance
provided in EPA–454/R–98–015
(incorporated by reference, see
§ 60.17(j));
(3) The bag leak detection system
must be certified by the manufacturer to
be capable of detecting particulate
matter emissions at concentrations of 1
milligrams per actual cubic meter or
less;
(4) The bag leak detection system
sensor must provide output of relative
or absolute particulate matter loadings;
(5) The bag leak detection system
must be equipped with a device to
continuously record the output signal
from the sensor;
(6) The bag leak detection system
must be equipped with an alarm system
that will automatically alert an operator
when an increase in relative particulate
matter emissions over a preset level is
detected. The alarm must be located
where it is observed easily by plant
operating personnel;
(7) For positive pressure fabric filter
systems, a bag leak detection system
must be installed in each baghouse
compartment or cell. For negative
pressure or induced air fabric filters, the
bag leak detector must be installed
downstream of the fabric filter; and
(8) Where multiple detectors are
required, the system’s instrumentation
and alarm may be shared among
detectors.
(d) If you are required to petition the
EPA for operating limits under
§ 60.2917, you must install, calibrate (to
the manufacturers’ specifications),
maintain, and operate the equipment
necessary to monitor compliance with
the site-specific operating limits
established using the procedures in
§ 60.2917.
■ 34. Section 60.2949 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (e) and (g), and
adding paragraphs (p), (q), and (r) to
read as follows:
§ 60.2949
What records must I keep?
You must maintain the information
specified in paragraphs (a) through (r) of
this section, as applicable, for a period
of at least 5 years.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Records of the data described in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (10) of this
section.
(1) The OSWI unit charge dates,
times, weights, and total daily charge
rates.
(2) The combustion chamber
operating temperature every 15 minutes
of operation.
(3) For each OSWI unit with a wet
scrubber, the liquor flow rate to the wet
scrubber inlet, pressure drop across the
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wet scrubber system or amperage to the
wet scrubber, and liquor pH at the outlet
of the wet scrubber, every 15 minutes of
operation.
(4) For each OSWI unit with a dry
scrubber, the injection rate of each
sorbent, every 15 minutes of operation.
(5) For each OSWI unit with an
electrostatic precipitator, the secondary
voltage, secondary current, and
secondary electric power, every 15
minutes of operation.
(6) For each OSWI unit with a fabric
filter, the date, time, and duration of
each alarm; the times corrective action
was initiated and completed; and a brief
description of the cause of the alarm
and the corrective action taken. You
must also record the percent of the
operating time during each 6-month
period that the alarm sounds, calculated
as specified in § 60.2916(f).
(7) For OSWI units that establish
operating limits for controls under
§ 60.2917, you must maintain data
collected for all operating parameters
used to determine compliance with the
operating limits.
(8) For OSWI units that use a carbon
monoxide CEMS, all 1-hour average
concentrations of carbon monoxide and
oxygen.
(9) All 12-hour rolling average values
of carbon monoxide emissions,
corrected to 7 percent oxygen (except
during periods of startup and
shutdown), all 3-hour rolling average
values of continuously monitored
operating parameters, and total daily
charge rates, as applicable.
(10) Records of the dates, times, and
durations of any bypass of the control
device.
(c) Records of the start date and time
and duration in hours of each
malfunction of operation (i.e., process
equipment) or the air pollution control
and monitoring equipment, and
description of the malfunction.
(d) Records of actions taken during
periods of malfunction to minimize
emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d),
including corrective actions to restore
malfunctioning process and air
pollution control and monitoring
equipment to its normal or usual
manner of operation.
(e) Start date, start time, end date and
end time for each period for which
monitoring data show a deviation from
the carbon monoxide emissions limit in
table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart or a
deviation from the operating limits in
table 2 of this subpart or a deviation
from other operating limits established
under § 60.2917 with a description of
the deviations, reasons for such
deviations, and a description of
corrective actions taken. You must
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record the start date, start time, end date
and end time for each period when all
qualified operators were not accessible
in accordance with § 60.2911.
*
*
*
*
*
(g) For carbon monoxide continuous
emissions monitoring systems,
document the results of your annual
performance evaluations, daily drift
tests and quarterly accuracy
determinations according to Procedure 1
of appendix F of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(p) If you comply with the substitute
means of compliance demonstration
requirements in § 60.2929 for your small
OSWI unit, you must keep the records
specified in paragraphs (p)(1) through
(4) of this section.
(1) Copy of the notification submitted
to the Administrator that you intend to
use the substitute means of compliance
demonstration as required in
§ 60.2929(a)(1).
(2) Records of the data collected as
required in § 60.2929(a)(2).
(3) Copy of the representative
performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance; and
(4) Documentation of how the test in
paragraph (p)(3) of this section is
representative of the unit as required in
§ 60.2929(b)(2).
(q) If you comply with the continuous
compliance requirements of
§ 60.2932(d), you must keep records of
the following elements reported on a
weekly basis at the frequency they are
monitored in accordance with table 2 of
this subpart (e.g., each 3-hr average
recorded temperature), as specified in
paragraphs (q)(1) through (7) of this
section.
(1) Start and end times the unit is
operated when waste is being
combusted.
(2) Identity and weight of each waste
category (e.g., lbs of solid waste, food
waste, wood or yard waste).
(3) Identities and quantities of
supplemental fuel burned (e.g. flow rate
or percentage of operating time).
(4) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.2977.
(5) Temperature of unit combustion
chamber and description of where
temperature is measured, as a threehour average for each batch operation.
(6) Charge rate (in tons per day) of
each operation.
(7) For each OSWI unit using a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic
precipitator, or fabric filter, the records
specified in paragraph (b)(3) through
(10) of this section, as applicable.
(r) Copies of any notifications
submitted pursuant to §§ 60.2887 and
60.2969.
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35. Section 60.2954 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:
■
§ 60.2954 What information must I submit
following my initial performance test?
Unless you choose to comply with the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.2929, you must submit the
information specified in paragraphs (a)
and (b) of this section no later than 60
days following the initial performance
test. All reports must be signed by the
facilities manager.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) The waste management plan, as
specified in §§ 60.2899 through 60.2901.
■ 36. Section 60.2955 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2955
report?
When must I submit my annual
You must submit an annual report no
later than 12 months following the
submission of the information in
§ 60.2954, unless you choose to comply
with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.2929. If you choose to comply with
the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.2929, you must submit an annual
report no later than 12 months following
the submission of the information in
§ 60.2929(b). You must submit
subsequent reports no more than 12
months following the previous report.
The permit will address the submittal of
annual reports for a unit with an
operating permit required under title V
of the Clean Air Act.
■ 37. Section 60.2956 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (f);
■ b. Removing and reserving paragraph
(g);
■ c. Revising paragraphs (h) and (j); and
■ d. Adding paragaph (k).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 60.2956 What information must I include
in my annual report?
The annual report required under
§ 60.2955 must include the items listed
in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this
section. If you have a deviation from the
operating limits or the emission
limitations, you must also submit
deviation reports as specified in
§§ 60.2957 through 60.2959.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Statement by the owner or
operator, with their name, title, and
signature, certifying the truth, accuracy,
and completeness of the report. Such
certifications must also comply with the
requirements of 40 CFR 70.5(d) or 40
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54207
CFR 71.5(d). If your report is submitted
via CEDRI, the certifier’s electronic
signature during the submission process
replaces this requirement.
(c) Date of report and beginning and
ending dates of the reporting period.
You are no longer required to provide
the date of report when the report is
submitted via CEDRI.
(d) Identification of each OSWI unit,
and for each OSWI unit, the parameters
monitored and values for the operating
limits established pursuant to § 60.2916
or § 60.2917.
(e) If no deviations from any emission
limitation or operating limit that applies
to you has occurred during the annual
reporting period, a statement that there
were no deviations from the emission
limitations or operating limits during
the reporting period. If you use a CMS
to monitor emissions or operating
parameters and there were no periods
during which any CMS was inoperative,
inactive, malfunctioning or out of
control, a statement that no monitoring
system used to determine compliance
with the emission limitations or
operating limits was inoperative,
inactive, malfunctioning or out of
control.
(f) The highest recorded 12-hour
average and the lowest recorded 12-hour
average, as applicable, for carbon
monoxide emissions if you are using a
CEMS to demonstrate continuous
compliance and the highest recorded 3hour average and the lowest recorded 3hour average, as applicable, for each
operating parameter recorded for the
calendar year being reported.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) If a performance test was
conducted during the reporting period,
identification of the OSWI unit tested,
the pollutant(s) tested, and the date of
the performance test. Submit, following
the procedure specified in § 60.2961(b),
the performance test report no later than
the date that you submit the annual
report.
*
*
*
*
*
(j) The start date, start time, and
duration in hours for each period when
all qualified OSWI unit operators were
unavailable for more than 12 hours, but
less than 2 weeks.
(k) If you are complying with the
continuous compliance requirements for
small OSWI units in § 60.2932(d) and
have had no deviations from the weekly
waste profile requirements or deviations
from the operating limits, a statement
that there were no deviations from the
weekly waste profile requirements, and
the OSWI unit has been operated within
the operating parameter limits
established during the representative
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performance test identified in the
information submitted as required in
§ 60.2929(b) or the initial performance
test conducted by the source as required
in § 60.2929(d).
■ 38. Section 60.2957 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§ 60.2957 What other reports must I
submit if I have a deviation?
(a) You must submit a deviation
report as specified in paragraphs (a)(1)
through (3) of this section:
(1) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any
requirement or obligation established by
this subpart, including but not limited
to any emission limitation, operating
limit, or operator qualification and
accessibility requirements.
(2) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any
term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in
this subpart and that is included in the
operating permit for any unit that meets
the requirements in § 60.2885 and is
required to obtain such a permit.
(3) If you deviate from the
requirements to have a qualified
operator accessible as specified in
§ 60.2911, you must meet the
requirements of § 60.2959.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 39. Section 60.2958 is revised to read
as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
§ 60.2958 What must I include in the
deviation report?
In each report required under
§ 60.2957, you must include the
company name and address and the
beginning and ending dates for the
reporting period. For any pollutant or
operating parameter that deviated from
the emission limitations, operating
limits or other requirement specified in
this subpart, or for each CMS that
experienced downtime or was out of
control, include the items described in
paragraphs (a) through (g) of this
section, as applicable. If you are
complying with the continuous
compliance requirements for small
OSWI units in § 60.2932(d), you must
also include the items described in
paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section.
You must identify the OSWI unit
associated with the information
required in paragraphs (a) through (i) in
your deviation report.
(a) Identification of the emission
limit, operating parameter or other
requirement from which there was a
deviation and the start date, start time,
and duration in hours of each deviation.
(b) The averaged and recorded data
for those dates, including, when
applicable, the information recorded
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under § 60.2949(b)(9) and (c) through (e)
for the calendar period being reported.
(c) The cause of each deviation from
the emission limitations, operating
limits or other requirement and your
corrective actions.
(d) For each CMS, the start date, start
time, duration in hours, and cause for
each instance of monitor downtime
(other than downtime associated with
zero, span, and other routine calibration
checks).
(e) For each CMS, the start date, start
time, duration in hours, and corrective
action taken for each instance that the
monitor is out of control.
(f) The dates, times, and duration in
hours of any bypass of the control
device and your corrective actions.
(g) For batch OSWI units, the dates,
times, and duration in hours of any
deviation from the requirements to have
a qualified operator accessible as
required in § 60.2911.
(h) If you are complying with the
continuous compliance requirements for
small OSWI units in § 60.2932(d), the
dates, times, duration in weeks and
cause for each deviation from the waste
profile required in § 60.2932(d)(1).
(i) The dates, times, duration in hours,
and cause for each deviation from the
operating parameter limits established
during the representative performance
test identified in the information
submitted as required in § 60.2929(b) or
the initial performance test conducted
by the source as required in
§ 60.2927(a).
■ 40. Section 60.2961 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2961
reports?
In what form can I submit my
(a) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you
must submit annual and deviation
reports electronically or in paper format,
postmarked on or before the submittal
due dates. Beginning on [DATE 180
DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], or once the report template
for this subpart has been available on
the Compliance and Emissions Data
Reporting Interface (CEDRI) website for
one year, whichever date is later, you
must submit all subsequent annual
compliance reports and deviation
reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can
be accessed through the EPA’s Central
Data Exchange (CDX) (https://
cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will make all
the information submitted through
CEDRI available to the public without
further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI
to submit information you claim as
confidential business information (CBI).
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Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot
later be claimed CBI. You must use the
appropriate electronic report template
on the CEDRI website (https://
www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-airemissions/cedri) for this subpart. The
date report templates become available
will be listed on the CEDRI website. The
report must be submitted by the
deadline specified in this subpart,
regardless of the method in which the
report is submitted. Although we do not
expect persons to assert a claim of CBI,
if you wish to assert a CBI claim, submit
a complete report, including
information claimed to be CBI, to the
EPA. The report must be generated
using the appropriate form on the
CEDRI website or an alternate electronic
file consistent with the extensible
markup language (XML) schema listed
on the CEDRI website. Submit the file
on a compact disc, flash drive, or other
commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD
C404–02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham,
NC 27703. The same file with the CBI
omitted must be submitted to the EPA
via the EPA’s CDX as described earlier
in this paragraph. Furthermore, under
CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment,
and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public.
Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made
publicly available.
(b) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
within 60 days after the date of
completing each performance test
required by this subpart, you must
submit the results of the performance
test following the procedures specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Data collected using test methods
supported by the EPA’s Electronic
Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the
EPA’s ERT website (https://
www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-airemissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert)
at the time of the test. Submit the results
of the performance test to the EPA via
CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA’s CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/).
The data must be submitted in a file
format generated through the use of the
EPA’s ERT. Alternatively, you may
submit an electronic file consistent with
the XML schema listed on the EPA’s
ERT website.
(2) Data collected using test methods
that are not supported by the EPA’s ERT
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as listed on the EPA’s ERT website at
the time of the test. The results of the
performance test must be included as an
attachment in the ERT or an alternate
electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA’s ERT
website. Submit the ERT generated
package or alternative file to the EPA via
CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as CBI. Anything
submitted using CEDRI cannot later be
claimed CBI. Although we do not expect
persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you
wish to assert a CBI claim for some of
the information required under
paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section,
you must submit a complete file,
including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA. The file must be
generated through the use of the EPA’s
ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA’s ERT website. Submit the
file on a compact disc, flash drive, or
other commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Group Leader, Measurement
Policy Group, MD C404–02, 4930 Old
Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same
file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted to the EPA via the EPA’s CDX
as described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be
asserted at the time of submission.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c),
emissions data is not entitled to
confidential treatment, and the EPA is
required to make emissions data
available to the public. Thus, emissions
data will not be protected as CBI and
will be made publicly available.
(c) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
within 60 days after the date of
completing each continuous emissions
monitoring system (CEMS) performance
evaluation, you must submit the results
of the performance evaluation following
the procedures specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Performance evaluations of CEMS
measuring relative accuracy test audit
(RATA) pollutants that are supported by
the EPA’s ERT as listed on the EPA’s
ERT website at the time of the
evaluation. Submit the results of the
performance evaluation to the EPA via
CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA’s CDX. The data must be
submitted in a file format generated
through the use of the EPA’s ERT.
Alternatively, you may submit an
electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA’s ERT
website.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
Jkt 250001
(2) Performance evaluations of CEMS
measuring RATA pollutants that are not
supported by the EPA’s ERT as listed on
the EPA’s ERT website at the time of the
evaluation. The results of the
performance evaluation must be
included as an attachment in the ERT or
an alternate electronic file consistent
with the XML schema listed on the
EPA’s ERT website. Submit the ERT
generated package or alternative file to
the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as CBI. Anything
submitted using CEDRI cannot later be
claimed CBI. Although we do not expect
persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you
wish to assert a CBI claim for some of
the information required under
paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section,
you must submit a complete file,
including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA. The file must be
generated through the use of the EPA’s
ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA’s ERT website. Submit the
file on a compact disc, flash drive, or
other commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Group Leader, Measurement
Policy Group, MD C404–02, 4930 Old
Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same
file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted to the EPA via the EPA’s CDX
as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be
asserted at the time of submission.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c),
emissions data is not entitled to
confidential treatment, and the EPA is
required to make emissions data
available to the public. Thus, emissions
data will not be protected as CBI and
will be made publicly available.
(d) If you are required to
electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA’s CDX, you may
assert a claim of EPA system outage for
failure to timely comply with the
reporting requirement. To assert a claim
of EPA system outage, you must meet
the requirements outlined in paragraphs
(d)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) You must have been or will be
precluded from accessing CEDRI and
submitting a required report within the
time prescribed due to an outage of
either the EPA’s CEDRI or CDX systems.
(2) The outage must have occurred
within the period of time beginning five
business days prior to the date that the
submission is due.
(3) The outage may be planned or
unplanned.
(4) You must submit notification to
the Administrator in writing as soon as
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54209
possible following the date you first
knew, or through due diligence should
have known, that the event may cause
or has caused a delay in reporting.
(5) You must provide to the
Administrator a written description
identifying:
(i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX
or CEDRI was accessed and the system
was unavailable;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the
delay in reporting beyond the regulatory
deadline to EPA system outage;
(iii) A description of measures taken
or to be taken to minimize the delay in
reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to
report, or if you have already met the
reporting requirement at the time of the
notification, the date you reported.
(6) The decision to accept the claim
of EPA system outage and allow an
extension to the reporting deadline is
solely within the discretion of the
Administrator.
(7) In any circumstance, the report
must be submitted electronically as
soon as possible after the outage is
resolved.
(e) If you are required to electronically
submit a report through CEDRI in the
EPA’s CDX, you may assert a claim of
force majeure for failure to timely
comply with the reporting requirement.
To assert a claim of force majeure, you
must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this
section.
(1) You may submit a claim if a force
majeure event is about to occur, occurs,
or has occurred or there are lingering
effects from such an event within the
period of time beginning five business
days prior to the date the submission is
due. For the purposes of this section, a
force majeure event is defined as an
event that will be or has been caused by
circumstances beyond the control of the
affected facility, its contractors, or any
entity controlled by the affected facility
that prevents you from complying with
the requirement to submit a report
electronically within the time period
prescribed. Examples of such events are
acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes,
earthquakes, or floods), acts of war or
terrorism, or equipment failure or safety
hazard beyond the control of the
affected facility (e.g., large scale power
outage).
(2) You must submit notification to
the Administrator in writing as soon as
possible following the date you first
knew, or through due diligence should
have known, that the event may cause
or has caused a delay in reporting.
(3) You must provide to the
Administrator:
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(i) A written description of the force
majeure event;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the
delay in reporting beyond the regulatory
deadline to the force majeure event;
(iii) A description of measures taken
or to be taken to minimize the delay in
reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to
report, or if you have already met the
reporting requirement at the time of the
notification, the date you reported.
(4) The decision to accept the claim
of force majeure and allow an extension
to the reporting deadline is solely
within the discretion of the
Administrator.
(5) In any circumstance, the reporting
must occur as soon as possible after the
force majeure event occurs.
■ 41. Section 60.2966 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2966 Am I required to apply for and
obtain a title V operating permit for my
unit?
(a) Yes, if your OSWI unit meets the
applicability criteria in § 60.2885 and
thus is subject to this subpart, you are
required to obtain a title V operating
permit for your OSWI unit.
(b) Air curtain incinerators as
specified in § 60.2888(b) and subject
only to the requirements in §§ 60.2970
through 60.2973 are exempted from title
V permitting requirements per these
regulations.
■ 42. Section 60.2967 is revised to read
as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
(a) If your new unit subject to this
subpart is applying for a permit for the
first time, a complete title V permit
application must be submitted timely
either 12 months after the date the unit
commences operation as a new source
or before one of the dates specified in
paragraph (b) of this section, as
applicable. See section 503(c) of the
Clean Air Act and 40 CFR 70.5(a)(1)(i)
and 40 CFR 71.5(a)(1)(i).
(b) For a unit that commenced
operation as a new source as of
December 16, 2005, then a complete
title V permit application must be
submitted not later than December 18,
2006. For a small OSWI unit that
commenced operation as a new source
as of [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], a complete title V permit
application must be submitted not later
than [DATE 1 YEAR AND 1 DAY
AFTER PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
Jkt 250001
[Amended]
§ 60.2972 How must I monitor opacity for
air curtain incinerators that burn only wood
waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
(a) Use EPA Method 9 of appendix A
of this part or ASTM D7520–16
(incorporated by reference (IBR), see
§ 60.17), to determine compliance with
the opacity limitation.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 45. Section 60.2973 is amended by
revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:
§ 60.2973 What are the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements for air curtain
incinerators that burn only wood waste,
clean lumber, and yard waste?
*
*
*
*
*
(e) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], submit
initial and annual opacity test reports as
electronic or paper copy on or before the
applicable submittal date. On and after
[DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within
60 days after the date of completing the
initial opacity test and each annual
opacity test required by this subpart,
you must submit the results of the
opacity test following the procedures
specified in § 60.2961(b)(1) through (3).
*
*
*
*
*
§ 60.2974
[Removed]
46. Remove § 60.2974.
47. Section 60.2975 is amended by
revising parameters ‘‘Ea’’ and ‘‘Ehj’’ of
Equation 2 in paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
§ 60.2975
*
What equations must I use?
*
*
(d) * * *
*
*
Ea = Average carbon monoxide pollutant rate
for the 12-hour period, ppm corrected to
7 percent O2. Note that a 12-hour period
may include CEMS data during startup
and shutdown, as defined in the subpart,
in which case the period will not consist
entirely of data that have been corrected
to 7 percent O2.
Ehj = Hourly arithmetic average pollutant rate
for hour ‘‘j,’’ ppm corrected to 7 percent
O2. CEMS data during startup and
shutdown, as defined in the subpart, are
not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and
are measured at stack oxygen content.
48. Section 60.2977 is amended by:
a. Revising the definition for
‘‘Administrator’’;
■ b. Adding in alphabetical order a
definition for ‘‘CEMS data during
startup and shutdown’’;
■
■
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Fmt 4701
c. Removing the definition for
‘‘Collected from’’;
■ d. Revising the definitions for
‘‘Deviation,’’ ‘‘Low-level radioactive
waste,’’ ‘‘Municipal waste combustion
unit,’’ and ‘‘Particulate matter’’; and
■ e. Adding in alphabetical order
definitions for ‘‘Small OSWI unit’’ and
‘‘Waste profile.’’
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
43. Section 60.2970 is amended by
removing and reserving paragraph (b).
■ 44. Section 60.2972 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
■
■
■
§ 60.2967 When must I submit a title V
permit application for my new unit?
VerDate Sep<11>2014
§ 60.2970
Sfmt 4702
§ 60.2977
What definitions must I know?
*
*
*
*
*
Administrator means:
(1) For approved and effective state
section 111(d)/129 plans, the Director of
the state air pollution control agency, or
his or her delegatee;
(2) For Federal section 111(d)/129
plans, the Administrator of the EPA, an
employee of the EPA, the Director of the
state air pollution control agency, or
employee of the state air pollution
control agency to whom the authority
has been delegated by the Administrator
of the EPA to perform the specified task;
and
(3) For NSPS, the Administrator of the
EPA, an employee of the EPA, the
Director of the state air pollution control
agency, or employee of the state air
pollution control agency to whom the
authority has been delegated by the
Administrator of the EPA to perform the
specified task.
*
*
*
*
*
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown means CEMS data collected
during the first hours of a OSWI startup
from a cold start until waste is fed to the
unit and the hours of operation
following the cessation of waste
material being fed to the OSWI during
a unit shutdown. For each startup event,
the length of time that CEMS data may
be claimed as being CEMS data during
startup must be 48 operating hours or
less. For each shutdown event, the
length of time that CEMS data may be
claimed as being CEMS data during
shutdown must be 24 operating hours or
less.
*
*
*
*
*
Deviation means any instance in
which a unit that meets the
requirements in § 60.2885, or an owner
or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or
obligation established by this subpart,
including but not limited to any
emission limitation, operating limit, or
operator qualification and accessibility
requirements; and
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition
that is adopted to implement an
applicable requirement in this subpart
and that is included in the operating
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permit for any unit that meets the
requirements in § 60.2885 and is
required to obtain such a permit.
*
*
*
*
*
Low-level radioactive waste means
waste material that contains radioactive
nuclides emitting primarily beta or
gamma radiation, or both, in
concentrations or quantities that exceed
applicable federal or state standards for
unrestricted release. Low-level
radioactive waste is not high-level
radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or
byproduct material as defined by the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2014(e)(2)).
*
*
*
*
*
Municipal waste combustion unit
means, for the purpose of this subpart
and subpart FFFF of this part, any
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
*
*
7. Opacity ......................................
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
Small OSWI unit means OSWI units
with capacities less than or equal to 10
tons per day.
*
*
*
*
*
Waste profile means for a small OSWI
unit the amount of each waste category
burned as a percentage of total waste
burned on a mass basis.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 49. Table 1 to subpart EEEE of part 60
is amended by revising the heading,
rows 7, 8, and 10, and footnote ‘‘a’’ to
read as follows:
Table 1 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Emission Limitations for OSWI Units
With Initial Startup Before [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]
*
You must meet this emission
limitation a
For the air pollutant
VerDate Sep<11>2014
setting or equipment that combusts
municipal solid waste (as defined in
this subpart) including, but not limited
to, field-erected, modular, cyclonic burn
barrel, and custom built incineration
units (with or without energy recovery)
operating with starved or excess air,
boilers, furnaces, and air curtain
incinerators (except those air curtain
incinerators listed in § 60.2888(b)).
*
*
*
*
*
Particulate matter means total
particulate matter emitted from OSWI
units as measured by EPA Method 5 or
EPA Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
Sfmt 4702
E:\FR\FM\31AUP2.SGM
*
*
And determining compliance
using this method
Using this averaging time
*
*
*
10 percent ..................................... 6-minute average (observe over
three 1-hour test runs; i.e., thirty
6-minute averages).
Jkt 250001
54211
*
*
Method 9 of appendix A of this
part, or ASTM D7520–16 (incorporated by reference (IBR) see
§ 60.17), if the following conditions are met:
1. During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520–
16, you or the DCOT vendor
must present the plumes in
front of various backgrounds of
color and contrast representing
conditions anticipated during
field use such as blue sky,
trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree
stand).
2. You must also have standard
operating procedures in place
including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure
the equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM
D7520–16.
3. You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in
§ 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report,
data sheets, and all raw
unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.
4. You or the DCOT vendor must
have a minimum of four independent technology users apply
the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of
25 plumes, the user may not
exceed 15 percent opacity of
any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5
percent opacity.
31AUP2
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For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation a
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
8. Oxides of nitrogen ....................
103 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981
(IBR, see § 60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
*
*
10. Sulfur dioxide ..........................
*
*
*
3.1 parts per million by dry vol- 3-run average (1 hour minimum
ume.
sample time per run).
*
*
Method 6 or 6C of appendix A of
this part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (IBR, see § 60.17)
in lieu of Method 6 only.
a All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at
standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack oxygen content.
*
*
*
*
*
50. Tables 1a and 1b to subpart EEEE
of part 60 are added to read as follows:
■
For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation a
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
1. Cadmium ...................................
18 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
40 parts per million by dry volume
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run during performance test), and 12-hour
rolling
averages
measured
using CEMS b.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample meter time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
6-minute average (observe over
three 1-hour test runs; i.e., thirty
6-minute averages).
Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 10, 10A, or 10B of appendix A of this part and CEMS.
2. Carbon monoxide ......................
3. Dioxins/furans (total basis) ........
4. Hydrogen chloride .....................
5. Lead ...........................................
6. Mercury ......................................
7. Opacity .......................................
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
Table 1a to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Emission Limitations for OSWI Units
With Capacities Greater Than 10 Tons
Per Day and With Initial Startup On or
After [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER]
As stated in § 60.2915, you must
comply with the following:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
33 nanograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
15 parts per million by dry volume
226 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
74 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
10 percent .....................................
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E:\FR\FM\31AUP2.SGM
Method 23 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 26A of appendix A of this
part.
Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 9 of appendix A of this
part, or ASTM D7520–16 (IBR,
see § 60.17), if the following
conditions are met:
1. During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520–
16, you or the DCOT vendor
must present the plumes in
front of various backgrounds of
color and contrast representing
conditions anticipated during
field use such as blue sky,
trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree
stand).
2. You must also have standard
operating procedures in place
including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within
manufacturing specifications as
outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM
D7520–16.
31AUP2
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You must meet this emission
limitation a
For the air pollutant
And determining compliance
using this method
Using this averaging time
8. Oxides of nitrogen .....................
103 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
9. Particulate matter ......................
0.013 grains per dry standard
cubic foot.
3.1 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1
sample time per
3-run average (1
sample time per
10. Sulfur dioxide ...........................
54213
hour minimum
run).
hour minimum
run).
3. You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in
§ 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report,
data sheets, and all raw
unaltered JPEGs used for
opacity and certification determination.
4. You or the DCOT vendor must
have a minimum of four independent technology users apply
the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of
25 plumes, the user may not
exceed 15 percent opacity of
any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5
percent opacity.
Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981
(IBR, see § 60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
Method 5 or 29 of appendix A of
this part.
Method 6 or 6C of appendix A of
this part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (IBR, see § 60.17)
in lieu of Method 6 only.
a All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at
standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack oxygen content.
b Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
Table 1b to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Emission Limitations for Small OSWI
With Initial Startup On or After [DATE
OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]
As stated in § 60.2915, you must
comply with the following:
For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation a
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
1. Cadmium ...................................
400 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
69 parts per million by dry volume
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run during performance test), and 12-hour
rolling
averages
measured
using CEMS b.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample meter time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample meter time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 10, 10A, or 10B of appendix A of this part
2. Carbon monoxide ......................
3a. Dioxins/furans (total mass
basis) c.
3b. Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis) c.
4. Hydrogen chloride .....................
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5. Lead ...........................................
6. Mercury ......................................
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
3,100 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.
40 nanograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
210 parts per million by dry volume.
26,000 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter.
12 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
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E:\FR\FM\31AUP2.SGM
Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
31AUP2
23 of appendix A of this
23 of appendix A of this
26A of appendix A of this
29 of appendix A of this
29 of appendix A of this
54214
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Proposed Rules
For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation a
7. Opacity .......................................
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
10 percent .....................................
6-minute average (observe over
three 1-hour test runs; i.e., thirty
6-minute averages).
8. Oxides of nitrogen .....................
180 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
9. Particulate matter ......................
210 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
38 parts per million by dry volume
3-run average (1
sample time per
3-run average (1
sample time per
Method 9 of appendix A of this
part, or ASTM D7520–16 (IBR,
see § 60.17), if the following
conditions are met:
1. During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520–
16, you or the DCOT vendor
must present the plumes in
front of various backgrounds of
color and contrast representing
conditions anticipated during
field use such as blue sky,
trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree
stand).
2. You must also have standard
operating procedures in place
including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within
manufacturing specifications as
outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM
D7520–16.
3. You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in
§ 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report,
data sheets, and all raw
unaltered JPEGs used for
opacity and certification determination.
4. You or the DCOT vendor must
have a minimum of four independent technology users apply
the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of
25 plumes, the user may not
exceed 15 percent opacity of
any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5
percent opacity.
Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981
(IBR, see § 60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
Method 5 or 29 of appendix A of
this part.
Method 6 or 6C of appendix A of
this part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (IBR, see § 60.17)
in lieu of Method 6 only.
10. Sulfur dioxide ...........................
hour minimum
run).
hour minimum
run).
a All
emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions.
each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
c For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
b Calculated
51. Table 2 to subpart EEEE of part 60
is revised to read as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
■
Table 2 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Operating Limits for Incinerators
As stated in § 60.2916, you must
comply with the following:
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For these operating
parameters
Data measurement
Data recording
Averaging time
1. Charge rate ...................
Maximum charge rate .......
Periodic .............................
For batch, each batch. For
continuous or intermittent every hour.
2. Combustion temperature
Minimum combustion
chamber operating temperature.
Minimum pressure drop or
amperage.
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
Daily for batch units or
small OSWI units complying with § 60.2932(d).
3-hour rolling for continuous and intermittent
units.a
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Minimum flow rate at inlet
to the scrubber.
Minimum pH at scrubber
outlet.
6. Dry scrubber sorbent in- Minimum injection rate of
jection.
each sorbent.
7. Electrostatic precipitator Minimum secondary elecsecondary electric power.
tric power, calculated
from the secondary voltage and secondary current.
8. Bag leak detection sysAlarm time <5 percent of
tem alarm time.
the operating time during a 6-month period.
9. Waste profile ................. The amount of each waste
category burned as a
percentage of total
waste burned on a mass
basis.
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Each date and time of
alarm start and stop.
Calculate alarm time as
specified in § 60.2916(f).
Periodic .............................
For batch, each batch. For
continuous or intermittent every hour.
Weekly.
3. Pressure drop across
the wet scrubber or amperage to wet scrubber.
4. Wet scrubber liquor flow
rate.
5. Wet scrubber liquor pH
a Calculated
each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.
52. Table 3 to subpart EEEE of part 60
is amended by revising row 2 to read as
follows:
■
Table 3 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Requirements for Continuous Emission
Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
*
*
*
2. Oxygen ......................................
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*
*
If needed to meet minimum data
requirements, use the following alternate methods in appendix A of
this part to collect data
*
*
*
25 percent oxygen ........................ P.S.3 .............................................
*
*
Method 3A or 3B, or ANSI/ASME
PTC 19.10–1981 (IBR, see
§ 60.17) in lieu of Method 3B
only.
53. Table 4 to subpart EEEE of part 60
is amended by revising row 1 and 4 to
read as follows:
1. Preconstruction report ....
*
Use the following performance
specifications (P.S.) in appendix B
of this part for your CEMS
■
Report
*
Use the following span values for
your CEMS
For the following pollutants
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
And monitoring using these
minimum frequencies
You must establish these
operating limits
Table 4 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60—
Summary of Reporting Requirements
*
*
*
*
*
Due date
a. Prior to commencing
construction.
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Reference
i. Statement of intent to construct; .................................
ii. Anticipated date of commencement of construction;
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§ 60.2952.
§ 60.2952.
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Report
Due date
Contents
*
4. Annual report .................
*
*
a. No later than 12 months
following the submission
of the initial test report.
Subsequent reports are
to be submitted no more
than 12 months following
the previous report.
*
*
*
i. Company Name and address; ....................................
*
§§ 60.2955 and 60.2956.
ii. Statement and signature by the owner or operator; ..
iii. Date of report; ...........................................................
iv. Values for the operating limits; .................................
v. If no deviations or malfunctions were reported, a
statement that no deviations occurred during the reporting period;.
§§ 60.2955
§§ 60.2955
§§ 60.2955
§§ 60.2955
*
*
*
xi. For each small OSWI unit for which you demonstrate continuous compliance according to
§ 60.2932(d), if no deviations from the percentages
established for each waste category according to the
waste profile required in § 60.2932(d)(1) and the
OSWI unit has been operated within the operating
parameter limits, a statement that there were no deviations from the weekly waste profile requirements
and the OSWI unit has been operated within the operating parameter limits.
*
§§ 60.2955 and 60.2956.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
54. Subpart FFFF of part 60 is
amended by revising the subpart
heading to read as follows:
■
Subpart FFFF—Emission Guidelines
and Compliance Times for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units
55. Section 60.2980 is revised to read
as follows:
■
§ 60.2980
subpart?
What is the purpose of this
This subpart establishes emission
guidelines and compliance schedules
for the control of emissions from other
solid waste incineration (OSWI) units.
The pollutants addressed by these
emission guidelines are listed in tables
2 and 2b of this subpart. These emission
guidelines are developed in accordance
with sections 111(d) and 129 of the
Clean Air Act and subpart B of this part.
■ 56. Section 60.2981 is revised to read
as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
§ 60.2981
Am I affected by this subpart?
(a) If you are the Administrator of an
air quality program in a State or United
States protectorate with one or more
existing incineration units as defined in
§ 60.2992, you must submit a State plan
to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) that implements the
emission guidelines contained in this
subpart.
(b) You must submit the State plan to
EPA by the dates specified in paragraph
(b)(1) or (2) of this section.
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*
Reference
*
*
and
and
and
and
60.2956.
60.2956.
60.2956.
60.2956.
*
(1) By December 18, 2006, for OSWI
units that commenced construction
prior to December 9, 2004 or
commenced reconstruction or
modification on or before June 16, 2006.
(2) By [DATE 1 YEAR AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] for OSWI
units that commenced construction after
December 9, 2004 or reconstruction or
modification after June 16, 2006 but
prior to August 31, 2020.
■ 57. Section 60.2982 is revised to read
as follows:
regulatory applicability, compliance
schedule, operator training and
qualification, a waste management plan,
emission limitations, stack testing or
substitute means of compliance,
operating parameter requirements,
monitoring, recordkeeping and
reporting, and air curtain incinerator
requirements.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 59. Section 60.2985 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2982
States?
(a) If you do not submit an approvable
State plan (or a negative declaration
letter) by December 17, 2007, EPA will
develop a Federal plan according to
§ 60.27 to implement the emission
guidelines contained in this subpart.
(b) If you do not submit an approvable
State plan that meets the requirements
of this subpart and contains the
emission limits in table 2b of this
subpart by [DATE 1 YEAR AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], for
OSWI units that commenced
construction after December 9, 2004 but
no later than August 31, 2020 or
commenced reconstruction or
modification after June 16, 2006 but no
later than [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], the EPA
will develop a Federal plan according to
§ 60.27, to implement the emission
guidelines contained in this subpart.
Is a State plan required for all
No, you are not required to submit a
State plan if there are no existing
incineration units that are an OSWI unit
as defined in §§ 60.2992 and 60.3078 or
air curtain incinerators subject to this
subpart as described in § 60.2994 in
your State and you submit a negative
declaration letter in place of the State
plan.
■ 58. Section 60.2983 is amended by
revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 60.2983
plan?
What must I include in my State
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Your State plan may deviate from
the format and content of the emission
guidelines contained in this subpart.
However, if your State plan does
deviate, you must demonstrate that your
State plan is at least as protective as the
emission guidelines contained in this
subpart. Your State plan must address
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§ 60.2985 What if my State plan is not
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(c) Owners and operators of
incineration units not covered by an
approved State plan must comply with
the Federal plan. The Federal plan is an
interim action and applies to units until
a State plan covering those units is
approved and becomes effective.
■ 60. Section 60.2986 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2986 Is there an approval process for
a negative declaration letter?
No, EPA has no formal review process
for negative declaration letters. Once we
receive your negative declaration letter,
we will place a copy in the public
docket and publish a notice in the
Federal Register. If, at a later date, an
existing incineration unit as defined in
§ 60.2992 is found in your State, the
Federal plan implementing the emission
guidelines contained in this subpart
would automatically apply to that unit
until your State plan is approved.
■ 61. Section 60.2987 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the introductory text and
paragraph (a);
■ b. Redesignating paragraph (b) as
paragraph (c); and
■ c. Adding paragraph (b).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 60.2987 What compliance schedule must
I include in my State plan?
Your State plan must include
compliance schedules that require
existing incineration units as defined in
§ 60.2992 to achieve final compliance as
expeditiously as practicable after
approval of the State plan but not later
than the earlier of the following dates:
(a) December 16, 2010 for existing
incineration units specified in
§ 60.2992(a)(1).
(b) [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] for
existing incineration units specified in
§ 60.2992(a)(2).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 62. Section 60.2988 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§ 60.2988 Are there any State plan
requirements for this subpart that apply
instead of the requirements specified in
subpart B of this part?
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
*
*
*
*
*
(a) State plans developed to
implement this subpart must be as
protective as the emission guidelines
contained in this subpart. State plans
must require all existing incineration
units as defined in § 60.2992(a)(1) to
comply by December 16, 2010 or 3 years
after the effective date of State plan
approval, whichever is sooner. State
plans must require all existing
incineration units as defined in
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§ 60.2992(a)(2) to comply by [DATE 5
YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER] or 3 years after the effective
date of State plan approval, whichever
is sooner. This applies instead of the
option for case-by-case less stringent
emission standards and longer
compliance schedules in § 60.24(f).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 63. Section 60.2989 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2989 Does this subpart directly affect
incineration unit owners and operators in
my state?
(a) No, this subpart does not directly
affect incineration unit owners and
operators in your state. However, unit
owners and operators must comply with
the State plan you develop to
implement the emission guidelines
contained in this subpart.
(b) You must submit an approvable
plan as required in paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) For OSWI units with capacities
greater than 10 tons per day, if you do
not submit an approvable plan to
implement and enforce the guidelines
contained in this subpart by December
17, 2007, EPA will implement and
enforce a Federal plan, as provided in
§ 60.2985, to ensure that each unit
within your State reaches compliance
with all the provisions of this subpart by
December 16, 2010.
(2) For small OSWI units, if you do
not submit an approvable State plan to
implement and enforce the guidelines
contained in this subpart by [DATE 2
YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], for OSWI units that
commenced construction,
reconstruction, or modification on or
before August 31, 2020, the EPA will
implement and enforce a federal plan,
as provided in § 60.2985, to ensure that
each unit within your state that
commenced construction,
reconstruction, or modification on or
before August 31, 2020, reaches
compliance with all the provisions of
this subpart by [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
■ 64. Section 60.2990 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2990
EPA?
What Authorities are withheld by
The following authorities are
withheld by EPA and not transferred to
the State, local or tribal agency:
(1) The authority to approve
alternatives to the emission limitations
in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart and
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54217
operating limits established under
§ 60.3023 and table 3 of this subpart.
(2) The authority to approve petitions
for specific operating limits in
accordance with the requirements in
§ 60.3024.
(3) The authority of the Administrator
to receive and grant petitions under
§ 60.8(b)(3) to approve of major
alternatives to test methods in
§ 60.3027.
(4) The authority to approve major
alternatives to monitoring in §§ 60.3038
through 60.3044.
(5) The authority to approve major
alternatives to recordkeeping and
reporting in §§ 60.3046 through 60.3057.
(6) The authority to receive the
required notices and to approve
continued operation in connection with
the status report requirements in
§ 60.3020(c)(2).
(7) The authority of the Administrator
to receive and grant petitions under
§ 60.11(e)(6) through (8) to adjust
opacity standards and establish opacity
standards in accordance with § 60.3022
and §§ 60.3066 through 60.3068.
(8) The authority of the Administrator
under § 60.8(b)(4) to waive performance
test and § 60.8(b)(5) to approve shorter
sampling times or smaller sample
volumes.
(9) The authority to approve an
alternative to any electronic reporting to
the EPA required by this subpart.
■ 65. Section 60.2991 is amended by
revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 60.2991 What incineration units must I
address in my State plan?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) The incineration unit is an OSWI
unit as defined in § 60.3078 or an air
curtain incinerator (ACI) subject to this
subpart as described in § 60.2994(b).
OSWI units are very small municipal
waste combustion units and
institutional waste incineration units as
defined in § 60.3078, and include small
OSWI units (either very small municipal
waste combustion units or institutional
waste incinerators).
*
*
*
*
*
■ 66. Section 60.2992 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.2992
unit?
What is an existing incineration
(a) An existing incineration unit
covered by state plan regulations under
this subpart is an OSWI unit as defined
in § 60.3078 or air curtain incinerator as
specified in § 60.2994, which meets the
criteria in paragraph (a)(1) or (3) of this
section except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section.
(1) The OSWI unit or air curtain
incinerator subject to this subpart
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commenced construction on or before
December 9, 2004.
(2) The OSWI unit or air curtain
incinerator subject to this subpart is a
small OSWI unit as defined in § 60.3078
and commenced construction on or
before August 31, 2020.
(3) If the OSWI unit or air curtain
incinerator subject to this subpart is a
small OSWI unit as defined in § 60.3078
that commenced construction after
December 9, 2004 and prior to August
31, 2020, the unit remains subject to the
applicable requirements of subpart
EEEE of this part (New Source
Performance Standards for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units) until the unit
becomes subject to a state plan or
federal plan that implements this
subpart.
(b) If the owner or operator of an
incineration unit that commenced
construction on or before December 9,
2005 makes changes that meet the
definition of modification or
reconstruction on or after June 16, 2006,
the unit becomes subject to subpart
EEEE of this part (New Source
Performance Standards for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units) and the State
plan no longer applies to that unit. If the
incineration unit is a small OSWI unit
as defined in § 60.3078 that meets the
definition of modification or
reconstruction on and after June 16,
2006 and prior to [DATE 6 MONTHS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
the unit remains subject to the
applicable requirements of subpart
EEEE of this part (New Source
Performance Standards for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units) until the unit
becomes subject to a state plan or
federal plan that implements this
subpart.
(c) If the owner or operator of an
existing incineration unit makes
physical or operational changes to the
unit primarily to comply with the State
plan, then subpart EEEE of this part
does not apply to that unit. Such
changes do not qualify as modifications
or reconstructions under subpart EEEE
of this part.
■ 67. Section 60.2993 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) to
read as follows:
§ 60.2993 Are any combustion units
excluded from my State plan?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) * * *
(1) Has a federally enforceable permit
limiting the combustion of municipal
solid waste to 30 percent of the total
fuel input by weight.
*
*
*
*
*
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(3) Provides the Administrator with a
copy of the federally enforceable permit.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 68. Section 60.2994 is amended by
revising paragraphs (a) and (b)
introductory text to read as follows:
§ 60.2994 Are air curtain incinerators
regulated under this subpart?
(a) Air curtain incinerators that burn
less than 35 tons per day of municipal
solid waste or air curtain incinerators
located at institutional facilities burning
any amount of institutional waste
generated at that facility are incineration
units subject to all requirements of this
subpart, including the emission
limitations specified in tables 2 and 2b
of this subpart.
(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn
less than 35 tons per day and burn only
the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (4) of this section collected
from the general public and from
residential, commercial, institutional,
and industrial sources; or, air curtain
incinerators located at institutional
facilities that burn only the materials
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of
this section generated at that facility, are
required to meet only the requirements
in §§ 60.3062 through 60.3068 and are
exempt from all other requirements of
this subpart.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 69. Section 60.2998 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
adding paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as
follows:
§ 60.2998 What are the principal
components of the model rule?
The model rule contains eleven major
components, as follows:
*
*
*
*
*
(j) Definitions.
(k) Tables.
■ 70. Section 60.3003 is added to read
as follows:
§ 60.3003 What else must I do prior to the
compliance date if I meet the substitute
means of compliance demonstration?
If you intend to meet the requirements
for the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.3032, the requirements in
§ 60.3032(a) and (b) must be completed
prior to the compliance date in table 1
of this subpart.
■ 71. Section 60.3014 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b), (c) introductory
text, (c)(1)(iv), (c)(1)(viii) and (c)(1)(x) to
read as follows:
§ 60.3014 What are the operator training
and qualification requirements?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Operator training and qualification
must be obtained through a state-
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approved program or by completing the
requirements included in paragraph (c)
of this section.
(c) Training must be obtained by
completing an incinerator operator
training course that includes, at a
minimum, the three elements described
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section:
(1) * * *
(iv) Combustion controls and
monitoring, including good combustion
practices and waste characterization
procedures.
*
*
*
*
*
(viii) Actions to prevent and correct
malfunctions or to prevent conditions
that may lead to malfunction.
*
*
*
*
*
(x) Applicable federal, state, and local
regulations, including Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
workplace standards.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 72. Section 60.3015 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§ 60.3015 When must the operator training
course be completed?
The operator training course must be
completed by the latest of the dates
specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of
this section.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Six months after your OSWI unit
startup date.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 73. Section 60.3017 is amended by
revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
§ 60.3017 How do I maintain my operator
qualification?
*
*
*
*
*
(d) Prevention and correction of
malfunctions or conditions that may
lead to malfunction.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 74. Section 60.3019 is amended by:
■ a. Revising paragraphs (a)
introductory text and (a)(4);
■ b. Adding paragraph (a)(10); and
■ c. Revising paragraph (c)(2).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
§ 60.3019 What site-specific
documentation is required?
(a) Documentation must be available
at the facility and readily accessible for
all OSWI unit operators that addresses
the ten topics described in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (10) of this section. You
must maintain this information and the
training records required by paragraph
(c) of this section in a manner that they
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can be readily accessed and are suitable
for inspection upon request.
*
*
*
*
*
(4) Procedures for maintaining good
combustion practices, including proper
combustion air supply levels.
*
*
*
*
*
(10) Procedures for establishing initial
and continuous compliance, including
but not limited to, procedures to
determine waste characterization.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) * * *
(2) Records showing the names of the
OSWI unit operators who have
completed the operator training
requirements under § 60.3014, met the
criteria for qualification under
§ 60.3016, and maintained or renewed
their qualification under §§ 60.3017 or
60.3018. Records must include
documentation of training, the dates of
the initial and refresher training, and
the dates of their qualification and all
subsequent renewals of such
qualifications.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 75. Section 60.3020 is amended by
revising the introductory text to read as
follows:
§ 60.3020 What if all the qualified
operators are temporarily not accessible?
For each batch OSWI unit, a qualified
operator must be accessible at all times
when the unit is operating. For each
continuous OSWI unit or intermittent
OSWI unit, if all qualified operators are
temporarily not accessible (i.e., not at
the facility and not able to be at the
facility within 1 hour), you must meet
one of the three criteria specified in
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section, depending on the length of time
that a qualified operator is not
accessible.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 76. Section 60.3022 is revised to read
as follows:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2
§ 60.3022 What emission limitations must I
meet and by when?
For OSWI units as defined in
§ 60.2992(a)(1), you must meet the
emission limitations specified in table 2
of this subpart. For small OSWI units as
defined in § 60.2992(a)(2), you must
meet the emission limitations specified
in table 2b of this subpart, except as
provided in § 60.2992(a)(3). You must
meet the emissions limitations on the
date the initial performance test is
required or completed (whichever is
earlier). Section 60.3031 specifies the
date by which you are required to
conduct your performance test.
■ 77. Section 60.3023 is revised to read
as follows:
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§ 60.3023 What operating limits must I
meet and by when?
You must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through
(h) of this section, as applicable. If you
own or operate a small OSWI unit using
the substitute means of compliance
demonstration under § 60.3032, the
references in this section to the most
recent performance test demonstrating
compliance are not applicable and
instead, refer to the limits established
during the representative performance
test identified in the information
submitted as specified in § 60.3032(b).
(a) You must establish a maximum
charge rate, calculated using the
procedures in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of
this section, as appropriate.
(1) For continuous and intermittent
units, maximum charge rate is the
average charge rate measured during the
most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(2) For batch units, maximum charge
rate is the charge rate measured during
the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(b) You must establish a minimum
combustion chamber operating
temperature, equal to the lowest 1-hour
average combustion chamber operating
temperature measured during the most
recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission
limitations.
(c) If you use a wet scrubber to
comply with the emission limitations,
you must establish operating limits for
the operating parameters as described in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Minimum pressure drop across the
wet scrubber, which is calculated as the
lowest 1-hour average pressure drop
across the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with the
particulate matter emission limitations;
or minimum amperage to the wet
scrubber, which is calculated as the
average amperage to the wet scrubber
measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(2) Minimum scrubber liquor flow
rate, which is calculated as the lowest
1-hour average liquor flow rate at the
inlet to the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all
applicable emission limitations.
(3) Minimum scrubber liquor pH,
which is calculated as the lowest 1-hr
average liquor pH at the outlet to the
wet scrubber measured during the most
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recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with the hydrogen chloride
and sulfur dioxide emission limitations.
(d) If you use a dry scrubber to
comply with the emission limitations,
you must measure the injection rate of
each sorbent during the performance
test. The minimum operating limit for
the injection rate of each sorbent is
calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
injection rate for each sorbent measured
during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with the
hydrogen chloride emission limitations.
(e) If you use an electrostatic
precipitator to comply with the
emission limitations, you must measure
the (secondary) voltage and amperage of
the electrostatic precipitator collection
plates during the particulate matter
performance test. Calculate the average
electric power value (secondary voltage
× secondary current = secondary electric
power) for each test run. The minimum
operating limit for the electrostatic
precipitator is calculated as the lowest
1-hour average secondary electric power
measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(f) If you use a fabric filter to comply
with the emission limitations, you must
operate each fabric filter system such
that the bag leak detection system alarm
does not sound more than 5 percent of
the operating time during a 6-month
period. Calculate the alarm time (i.e.,
time that the alarm sounds) as specified
in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If inspection of the fabric filter
demonstrates that no corrective action is
required, the alarm duration is not
counted in the alarm time calculation.
(2) If corrective action is required and
you take less than an hour to initiate
corrective action, the alarm time is
counted as 1 hour. If you take longer
than 1 hour to initiate corrective action,
the alarm time is counted as the actual
amount of time taken to initiate
corrective action.
(g) If you own or operate a small
OSWI unit and you demonstrate
continuous compliance according to
§ 60.3033(d), you must establish the
amount of waste burned in each waste
category as a percentage of total waste
burned on a mass basis. These
percentages are your waste profile and
must be based on the categories of waste
fed to the incinerator (e.g., food waste,
paper waste, wood waste) during the
most recent performance test.
(h) You must meet the operating
limits specified in paragraphs (a)
through (g) of this section no later than
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the date specified in paragraph (h)(1) or
(2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) For each OSWI unit with a
capacity greater than 10 tons per day or
for each small OSWI unit for which you
conduct an initial performance test
under § 60.3030(a), beginning on the
date 180 days after your final
compliance date in table 1 of this
subpart.
(2) For each small OSWI unit for
which you use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration under
§ 60.3032, by the date you submit to the
Administrator the information required
in § 60.3032(b).
■ 78. Section 60.3024 is amended by
revising the section heading and the
introductory text to read as follows:
§ 60.3024 What if I do not use a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, or fabric filter to
comply with the emission limitations?
If you use an air pollution control
device other than a wet scrubber, dry
scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or
fabric filter to comply with the emission
limitations under § 60.3022, you must
petition EPA for specific operating
limits, the values of which are to be
established during the performance test
and then continuously monitored
thereafter. Additionally, unless you
demonstrate continuous compliance
using the requirements in § 60.3032(d),
if you limit emissions in some other
manner, including material balances, to
comply with the emission limitations
under § 60.3022, then you must submit
a petition. You must submit the petition
at least 60 days before the performance
test is scheduled to begin and not
conduct the initial performance test
until after the petition has been
approved by EPA. Your petition must
include the five items listed in
paragraphs (a) through (e) of this
section.
*
*
*
*
*
§ 60.3025
[Removed]
79. Remove § 60.3025.
80. Section 60.3027 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b) through (e), (g)
introductory text, (g)(1)(i), and (g)(3)(i)
and (ii) to read as follows:
■
■
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§ 60.3027 How do I conduct the initial and
annual performance test?
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*
*
*
*
(b) All performance tests must be
conducted using the methods in tables
2 and 2b of this subpart.
(c) All performance tests must be
conducted using the minimum run
duration specified in tables 2 and 2b of
this subpart.
(d) EPA Method 1 of appendix A of
this part must be used to select the
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sampling location and number of
traverse points.
(e) EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix
A of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (incorporated by reference,
see § 60.17), in lieu of EPA Method 3B,
must be used for gas composition
analysis, including measurement of
oxygen concentration. EPA Method 3A
or 3B of appendix A of this part or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981 must be
used simultaneously with each method.
*
*
*
*
*
(g) EPA Method 26A of appendix A of
this part must be used for hydrogen
chloride concentration analysis, with
the additional requirements specified in
paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) * * *
(i) Assemble the sampling train(s) and
conduct a conditioning run by
collecting between 14 liters per minute
(0.5 cubic feet per minute) and 30 liters
per minute (1.0 cubic feet per minute)
of gas over a 1-hour period. Follow the
sampling procedures outlined in section
8.1.5 of EPA Method 26A of appendix
A of this part. For the conditioning run,
water can be used as the impinger
solution.
*
*
*
*
*
(3) * * *
(i) The cyclone described in section
6.1.4 of EPA Method 26A of appendix
A of this part must be used.
(ii) The post-test moisture removal
procedure described in section 8.1.6 of
EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this
part must be used.
■ 81. Section 60.3028 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3028 How are the performance test
data used?
You use results of performance tests
to demonstrate compliance with the
emission limitations in tables 2 and 2b
of this subpart.
■ 82. Section 60.3030 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3030 How do I demonstrate initial
compliance with the emission limitations
and establish the operating limits?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph
(b) of this section, you must conduct an
initial performance test, as required
under § 60.8, to determine compliance
with the emission limitations in table 2
or 2b of this subpart and to establish
operating limits using the procedures in
§ 60.3023 or § 60.3024. The initial
performance test must be conducted
using the test methods listed in table 2
or 2b of this subpart and the procedures
in § 60.3027. In the event of any conflict
between § 60.8 and the provisions of
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this subpart, the provisions of this
subpart shall apply.
(b) For small OSWI units as defined
in § 60.3078, you must demonstrate
initial compliance according to
paragraph (a) of this section, unless you
comply with the requirements for the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.3032.
(c) As an alternative to conducting a
performance test under paragraph (a) of
this section for carbon monoxide, you
may use a 12-hour rolling average of the
1-hour arithmetic average CEMS data to
determine compliance with the
emission limitations in tables 2 and 2b
of this subpart. The initial performance
evaluation required by § 60.3039(b)
must be conducted prior to collecting
CEMS data that will be used for the
initial compliance demonstration.
■ 83. Section 60.3031 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3031 By what date must I conduct the
initial performance test?
The initial performance test must be
conducted no later than 180 days after
your final compliance date. Your final
compliance date is specified in table 1
of this subpart.
■ 84. Section 60.3032 is added to read
as follows:
§ 60.3032 What are the substitute means
of compliance demonstration requirements
for small OSWI units?
Instead of conducting the initial
performance test in § 60.3030(a), small
OSWI units, as defined in § 60.3078,
may demonstrate initial compliance
according to the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (d) of this
section.
(a) For each OSWI unit for which you
are using the substitute means of
compliance demonstration, beginning
on the effective date of your State plan
approval, or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
whichever date is earlier, you must
collect the data in paragraphs (1)
through (7) of this section until you
meet the requirements in paragraph (b)
of this section.
(1) Identity and weight of each waste
type (e.g., lbs of paper waste, food
waste, wood or yard waste) on a weekly
total basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(2) Identity and quantities (e.g., flow
rate or percentage of operating time) of
supplemental fuels burned on a weekly
total basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(3) Percentage of total waste burned
for each waste type on a weekly average
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basis for the date range the information
is collected.
(4) Temperature indicative of the
combustion chamber and description of
where temperature is measured. Record
this information on a 3-hour rolling
average basis for the date range the
information is collected.
(5) Hours operated per day for the
date range the information is collected.
(6) Charge rate each day in tons per
day for the date range the information
is collected.
(7) Operating parameter data for any
air pollution control devices. For wet
scrubbers, include pressure drop across
the scrubber or amperage to the
scrubber, scrubber liquor inlet flow rate,
and scrubber liquor pH at the outlet of
the scrubber. For dry scrubbers, include
injection rate of each sorbent used. For
electrostatic precipitators, include the
secondary voltage, secondary amperage,
and secondary power. Record this
information on a 3-hour rolling average
basis for the date range the information
is collected.
(b) On or before 3 years after the
effective date of State plan approval, or
[DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION
OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is
earlier, you must identify the results of
a performance test in the EPA’s
WebFIRE database that is representative
for your OSWI unit using the criteria in
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (viii) of this
section and submit the information in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
You must submit the information
following the procedure in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section. The performance
test may be any test that meets the
requirements in paragraph (c) of this
section, regardless of location, that is
representative of your OSWI unit.
(1) Identify the representative
performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance with each OSWI unit
by submitting the information in
paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vi) of this
section as provided in the EPA’s
WebFIRE database for the performance
test.
(i) Organization.
(ii) Facility.
(iii) City.
(iv) State.
(v) County.
(vi) Submission date.
(2) A description of how the test is
representative for your OSWI unit,
based on the following criteria, using
the data collected as specified in
paragraph (a) of this section:
(i) Unit design, including type of unit
and any associated air pollution control
devices.
(ii) Charge rate.
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(iii) Type of operation (batch,
continuous, intermittent).
(iv) Combustion temperature and
location of temperature measurement.
(v) Types of waste burned.
(vi) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.3078.
(vii) Type and amount of
supplemental fuels.
(viii) Similarity of air pollution
control devices and operation of the air
pollution control devices, if the
performance test was conducted on a
unit with an air pollution control
device.
(3) You must submit the information
required in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of
this section via CEDRI, which can be
accessed through the EPA’s Central Data
Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/).
The EPA will make all the information
submitted through CEDRI available to
the public without further notice to you.
Do not use CEDRI to submit information
you claim as confidential business
information (CBI). Anything submitted
using CEDRI cannot later be claimed
CBI. Although we do not expect persons
to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to
assert a CBI claim, submit the
information, including information
claimed to be CBI, to the EPA on a
compact disc, flash drive, or other
commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD
C404–02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham,
NC 27703. The same file with the CBI
omitted must be submitted via the
EPA’s CDX as described earlier in this
paragraph (b)(3). Furthermore, under
CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment,
and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public.
Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made
publicly available.
(c) Any performance test used as a
representative test in a substitute means
of compliance demonstration under
paragraph (b) of this section must be
conducted according to the initial
testing requirements of § 60.3027 and
demonstrate initial compliance with the
emissions limits in table 2b of this
subpart. In addition to the results of the
performance test and the information
required by § 60.8(f)(2), the performance
test report must contain the information
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this
section.
(1) Unit design, including type of unit
and any associated air pollution control
devices.
(2) Charge rate during the test.
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54221
(3) Type of operation (batch,
continuous, intermittent).
(4) Combustion temperature and
location of temperature measurement.
The temperature must be recorded
continuously for each run of the
performance test. The performance test
report must also identify the lowest 1hour average combustion chamber
operating temperature.
(5) Types of waste burned during the
test.
(6) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.3078, established during the test.
(7) Type and amount of supplemental
fuels burned during the test and the
timeframe that each supplemental fuel
was burned during the test.
(8) If the performance test was
conducted on a unit with an air
pollution control device, the operating
parameter data for the control device
must be recorded continuously for each
run of the performance test. The
performance test report must also
identify the lowest or highest, as
applicable, 1-hour average for the
operating parameter.
(i) For wet scrubbers, the performance
test report must include data for
pressure drop across the scrubber or
amperage to the scrubber, scrubber
liquor inlet flow rate, and scrubber
liquor pH at the outlet of the scrubber.
(ii) For dry scrubbers, the
performance test report must include
data for the injection rate of each
sorbent used.
(iii) For electrostatic precipitators, the
performance test report must include
data for the secondary voltage,
secondary amperage, and secondary
power.
(d) If there are no results from a
performance test that meet the
requirements of paragraph (c) of this
section that are representative of your
OSWI unit, you must demonstrate
initial compliance according to the
requirements of § 60.3030(a).
■ 85. Section 60.3033 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3033 How do I demonstrate
continuous compliance with the emission
limitations and the operating limits?
You must demonstrate continuous
compliance according to the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through
(c) of this section, unless you own or
operate a small OSWI unit, as defined
in § 60.3078. If you own or operate a
small OSWI unit, you must either
comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section or
the requirements in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(a) You must conduct an annual
performance test for all of the pollutants
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in table 2 or 2b of this subpart for each
OSWI unit to determine compliance
with the emission limitations, except if
you own or operate an OSWI unit with
a capacity greater than 10 tons per day,
you are not required to conduct an
annual performance test for carbon
monoxide. The annual performance test
must be conducted using the test
methods listed in table 2 or 2b of this
subpart and the procedures in § 60.3027.
(b) You must continuously monitor
carbon monoxide emissions to
determine compliance with the carbon
monoxide emissions limitation. Twelvehour rolling average values, including
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown as defined in this subpart, are
used to determine compliance. A 12hour rolling average value above the
carbon monoxide emission limit in table
2 or 2b of this subpart constitutes a
deviation from the emission limitation.
(c) You must continuously monitor
the operating parameters specified in
§ 60.3023(a) through (f) or established
under § 60.3024. Three-hour rolling
average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating limits,
with the exception of bag leak detection
system alarm time, unless a different
averaging period is established under
§ 60.3024. A 3-hour rolling average
value (unless a different averaging
period is established under § 60.3024)
above the established maximum or
below the established minimum
operating limits constitutes a deviation
from the established operating limits.
For bag leak detection systems, an alarm
time of more than 5 percent of the
operating time during a 6-month period
constitutes a deviation from the
operating limit. Operating limits do not
apply during performance tests.
(d) For each small OSWI unit, you
must comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) You must record the mass rate of
each category of waste burned and on a
weekly average basis and you must
maintain the percentage of waste burned
for each waste category within ±15
percent of the percentage established for
that waste category according to the
waste profile established under
§ 60.3023(g) and maintain records as
required in § 60.3046(o). Failure to
maintain the percentage of waste burned
for each waste category within ±15
percent of the percentage established for
that waste category constitutes a
deviation.
(2) If your waste profile will not meet
the requirement in paragraph (d)(1) of
this section, before combusting the
modified waste stream, you must either
conduct a performance test of the unit
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using the test methods listed in table 2b
of this subpart and the procedures in
§ 60.3027 with a waste stream
representative of the new waste profile,
or identify a representative performance
test for the new waste profile. If you use
a representative performance test, the
performance test must meet the
requirements in § 60.3032(c), and you
must submit the information in
§ 60.3032(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator. Failure to conduct a
performance test or identify a
representative test constitutes a
deviation.
(3) You must continuously monitor
the operating parameters specified in
§ 60.3023(b) through (f), as applicable.
The total daily charge rate is used to
determine compliance with the charge
rate limit in § 60.3023(a). For the
operating parameters in § 60.3023(b)
through (f), determine compliance as
described in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) or (ii)
of this section. Failure to meet the
operating parameters specified in
§ 60.3023(a) through (f) is a deviation.
(i) Three-hour rolling average values
are used to determine compliance with
the operating parameter limits, unless
your small OSWI unit operates on a
batch basis and it is operated for less
than three hours.
(ii) If your small OSWI unit operates
on a batch basis, and you operate for
less than three hours, compliance with
the operating parameter limits are
determined by averaging the operating
parameter over the length of the batch
operation.
■ 86. Section 60.3034 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3034 By what date must I conduct the
annual performance test?
For each OSWI unit that is subject to
the annual performance test
requirement in § 60.3033(a), you must
conduct annual performance tests
within 12 months following the initial
performance test. Conduct subsequent
annual performance tests within 12
months following the previous one.
■ 87. Section 60.3035 is amended by
adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:
§ 60.3035 May I conduct performance
testing less often?
*
*
*
*
*
(d) For small OSWI units
demonstrating initial compliance
according to the substitute means of
compliance demonstration requirements
in § 60.3032, the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section
do not apply.
■ 88. Section 60.3036 is revised to read
as follows:
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§ 60.3036 May I conduct a repeat
performance test to establish new operating
limits?
(a) Yes, you may conduct a repeat
performance test at any time to establish
new values for the operating limits. The
Administrator may request a repeat
performance test at any time.
(b) For each small OSWI unit, as
defined in § 60.3078, for which you opt
to demonstrate continuous compliance
according to the requirements in
§ 60.3033(d), if you want to establish
new operating parameter limits or
establish a different waste profile, you
must comply with either paragraph
(b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) You must conduct a new
performance test of the unit using the
test methods listed in table 2b of this
subpart and the procedures in § 60.3027
with a waste stream representative of
the new waste profile or under the new
operating limits.
(2) You must identify a representative
performance test that meets the
requirements in § 60.3032(c). You must
submit the information in
§ 60.3032(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator.
■ 89. Section 60.3038 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§ 60.3038 What continuous emission
monitoring systems must I install?
(a) For each OSWI unit with a
capacity greater than 10 tons per day,
you must install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate continuous emission
monitoring systems for carbon
monoxide and for oxygen. You must
monitor the oxygen concentration at
each location where you monitor carbon
monoxide.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 90. Section 60.3039 is amended by
revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read
as follows:
§ 60.3039 How do I make sure my
continuous emission monitoring systems
are operating correctly?
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Complete your initial performance
evaluation of the continuous emission
monitoring systems within 180 days
after your final compliance date in table
1 of this subpart.
(c) For initial and annual performance
evaluations, collect data concurrently
(or within 30 to 60 minutes) using your
carbon monoxide and oxygen
continuous emission monitoring
systems. To validate carbon monoxide
concentration levels, use EPA Method
10, 10A, or 10B of appendix A of this
part. Use EPA Method 3A or 3B of
appendix A to this part or ANSI/ASME
PTC 19.10–198 (incorporated by
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reference, see § 60.17), in lieu of Method
3B, to measure oxygen. Collect the data
during each initial and annual
evaluation of your continuous emission
monitoring systems following the
applicable performance specifications in
appendix B of this part. Table 4 of this
subpart shows the required span values
and performance specifications that
apply to each continuous emission
monitoring system.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 91. Section 60.3041 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (f) to read as follows:
§ 60.3041 What is the minimum amount of
monitoring data I must collect with my
continuous emission monitoring systems?
(a) Where continuous emission
monitoring systems are required, obtain
1-hour arithmetic averages. Except for
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown as defined in this subpart, the
1-hr arithmetic averages for carbon
monoxide must be expressed in parts
per million by dry volume corrected to
7 percent oxygen. The CEMS data
during startup and shutdown are not
corrected to 7 percent oxygen and are
measured at stack oxygen content. Use
the 1-hour averages of oxygen data from
your CEMS to determine the actual
oxygen level and to calculate emissions
at 7 percent oxygen. Use Equation 2 in
§ 60.3076 to calculate the 12-hour
rolling averages from the 1-hour
arithmetic averages.
*
*
*
*
*
(f) If continuous emission monitoring
systems are temporarily unavailable to
meet the data collection requirements,
refer to table 4 of this subpart. It shows
alternate methods for collecting data
when systems malfunction or when
repairs, calibration checks, or zero and
span checks keep you from collecting
the minimum amount of data. Failure to
collect required data is a deviation of
the monitoring requirements.
■ 92. Section 60.3043 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (c), and adding
paragraph (d) to read as follows:
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§ 60.3043 What operating parameter
monitoring equipment must I install, or
what operating parameters must I monitor?
(a) You must install, calibrate (to
manufacturers’ specifications at the
frequency recommended by the
manufacturer), maintain, and operate
devices (or establish methods) for
monitoring the value of the operating
parameters used to determine
compliance with the operating limits
listed in table 3 of this subpart, as
applicable. These devices (or methods)
must measure and record the values for
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these operating parameters at the
frequencies indicated in table 3 of this
subpart at all times. The devices must
be positioned to provide a
representative measurement of the
parameter monitored.
*
*
*
*
*
(c) If you are using a fabric filter to
comply with the requirements of this
subpart, you must install, calibrate,
maintain, and continuously operate a
bag leak detection system as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this
section:
(1) You must install and operate a bag
leak detection system for each exhaust
stack of the fabric filter. The bag leak
sensor(s) must be installed in a
position(s) that will be representative of
the relative or absolute particulate
matter loadings for each exhaust stack,
roof vent, or compartment of the fabric
filter;
(2) Each bag leak detection system
must be installed, operated, calibrated,
and maintained in a manner consistent
with the manufacturer’s written
specifications and recommendations;
and in accordance with the guidance
provided in EPA–454/R–98–015
(incorporated by reference, see
§ 60.17(j));
(3) The bag leak detection system
must be certified by the manufacturer to
be capable of detecting particulate
matter emissions at concentrations of 1
milligrams per actual cubic meter or
less;
(4) The bag leak detection system
sensor must provide output of relative
or absolute particulate matter loadings;
(5) The bag leak detection system
must be equipped with a device to
continuously record the output signal
from the sensor;
(6) The bag leak detection system
must be equipped with an alarm system
that will alert automatically an operator
when an increase in relative particulate
matter emissions over a preset level is
detected. The alarm must be located
where it is observed easily by plant
operating personnel;
(7) For positive pressure fabric filter
systems, a bag leak detection system
must be installed in each baghouse
compartment or cell. For negative
pressure or induced air fabric filters, the
bag leak detector must be installed
downstream of the fabric filter; and
(8) Where multiple detectors are
required, the system’s instrumentation
and alarm may be shared among
detectors.
(d) If you are required to petition the
EPA for operating limits under
§ 60.3024, you must install, calibrate (to
the manufacturers’ specifications),
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maintain, and operate the equipment
necessary to monitor compliance with
the site-specific operating limits
established using the procedures in
§ 60.3024.
■ 93. Section 60.3046 is amended by
revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (e) and (g), and
adding paragraphs (o) through (q) to
read as follows:
§ 60.3046
What records must I keep?
You must maintain the information
specified in paragraphs (a) through (q)
of this section, as applicable, for a
period of at least 5 years.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Records of the data described in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (10) of this
section.
(1) The OSWI unit charge dates,
times, weights, and total daily charge
rates.
(2) The combustion chamber
operating temperature every 15 minutes
of operation.
(3) For each OSWI unit with a wet
scrubber, the liquor flow rate to the wet
scrubber inlet; pressure drop across the
wet scrubber system or amperage to the
wet scrubber; and liquor pH at the outlet
of the wet scrubber, every 15 minutes of
operation.
(4) For each OSWI unit with a dry
scrubber, the injection rate of each
sorbent, every 15 minutes of operation.
(5) For each OSWI unit with an
electrostatic precipitator, the secondary
voltage, secondary current, and
secondary electric power, every 15
minutes of operation.
(6) For each OSWI unit with a fabric
filter, the date, time, and duration of
each alarm; the times corrective action
was initiated and completed; and a brief
description of the cause of the alarm
and the corrective action taken. You
must also record the percent of the
operating time during each 6-month
period that the alarm sounds, calculated
as specified in § 60.3023(f).
(7) For OSWI units that establish
operating limits for controls under
§ 60.3024, you must maintain data
collected for all operating parameters
used to determine compliance with the
operating limits.
(8) For OSWI units that use a carbon
monoxide CEMS, all 1-hour average
concentrations of carbon monoxide and
oxygen.
(9) All 12-hour rolling average values
of carbon monoxide emissions,
corrected to 7 percent oxygen (except
during periods of startup and
shutdown), and all 3-hour rolling
average values of continuously
monitored operating parameters, and
total daily charge rates, as applicable.
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(10) Records of the dates, times, and
durations of any bypass of the control
device.
(c) Records of the start date and time
and duration in hours of each
malfunction of operation (i.e., process
equipment) or the air pollution control
and monitoring equipment and
description of the malfunction.
(d) Records of actions taken during
periods of malfunction to minimize
emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d),
including corrective actions to restore
malfunctioning process and air
pollution control and monitoring
equipment to its normal or usual
manner of operation.
(e) Start date, start time, end date and
end time for each period for which
monitoring data show a deviation from
the carbon monoxide emissions limit in
table 2 or 2b of this subpart or a
deviation from the operating limits in
table 3 of this subpart or a deviation
from other operating limits established
under § 60.3024 with a description of
the deviations, reasons for such
deviations, and a description of
corrective actions taken. You must
record the start date, start time, end date
and end time for each period when all
qualified operators were not accessible
in accordance with § 60.3020.
*
*
*
*
*
(g) For carbon monoxide continuous
emissions monitoring systems,
document the results of your annual
performance evaluations, daily drift
tests and quarterly accuracy
determinations according to Procedure 1
of appendix F of this part.
*
*
*
*
*
(o) If you comply with the substitute
means of compliance demonstration
requirements in § 60.3032 for your small
OSWI unit, you must keep the records
specified in paragraphs (o)(1) through
(3) of this section.
(1) Records of data collected as
required in § 60.3032(a)(2).
(2) Copy of the representative
performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance; and
(3) Documentation of how the test in
paragraph (o)(2) of this section is
representative of the unit as required in
§ 60.3032(b)(2).
(p) If you comply with the continuous
compliance requirements in
§ 60.3033(d), you must keep records of
the following elements reported on a
weekly basis at the frequency they are
monitored in accordance with table 3 of
this subpart (e.g., each 3-hr average
recorded temperature), as specified in
paragraphs (p)(1) through (7) of this
section.
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(1) Start and end times the unit is
operated when waste is being
combusted.
(2) Identity and weight of each waste
category (e.g., lbs of solid waste, food
waste, wood or yard waste).
(3) Identities and quantities of
supplemental fuel burned (e.g. flow rate
or percentage of operating time).
(4) The waste profile, as defined in
§ 60.3078.
(5) Temperature of unit combustion
chamber and description of where
temperature is measured, as a threehour average for each batch operation.
(6) Charge rate (in tons per day) of
each operation,
(7) For each OSWI unit using a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic
precipitator, or fabric filter, the records
specified in paragraph (b)(3) through
(10) of this section, as applicable.
(q) Copies of any notifications
submitted pursuant to §§ 60.2993 and
60.3061.
■ 94. Section 60.3049 is amended by
revising the introductory text to read as
follows:
§ 60.3049 What information must I submit
following my initial performance test?
Unless you choose to comply with the
substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.3032, you must submit the
information specified in paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section no later than
60 days following the initial
performance test. All reports must be
signed by the facilities manager.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 95. Section 60.3050 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3050
report?
When must I submit my annual
You must submit an annual report no
later than 12 months following the
submission of the information in
§ 60.3049, unless you choose to comply
with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.3032. If you choose to comply with
the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in
§ 60.3032, you must submit an annual
report no later than 12 months following
the submission of the information in
§ 60.3032(b). You must submit
subsequent reports no more than 12
months following the previous report.
The permit will address the submittal of
annual reports for a unit with an
operating permit required under title V
of the Clean Air Act.
■ 96. Section 60.3051 is amended by:
■ a. Revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (f);
■ b. Removing and reserving paragraph
(g);
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c. Revising paragraph (h) and (j); and
d. Adding paragaph (k).
The revisions and addition read as
follows:
■
■
§ 60.3051 What information must I include
in my annual report?
The annual report required under
§ 60.3050 must include the items listed
in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this
section. If you have a deviation from the
operating limits or the emission
limitations, you must also submit
deviation reports as specified in
§§ 60.3052 through 60.3054.
*
*
*
*
*
(b) Statement by the owner or
operator, with their name, title, and
signature, certifying the truth, accuracy,
and completeness of the report. Such
certifications must also comply with the
requirements of 40 CFR 70.5(d) or 40
CFR 71.5(d). If your report is submitted
via CEDRI, the certifier’s electronic
signature during the submission process
replaces this requirement.
(c) Date of report and beginning and
ending dates of the reporting period.
You are no longer required to provide
the date of report when the report is
submitted via CEDRI.
(d) Identification of each OSWI unit,
and for each OSWI unit, the parameters
monitored and values for the operating
limits established pursuant to § 60.3023
or § 60.3024.
(e) If no deviations from any emission
limitation or operating limit that applies
to you has occurred during the annual
reporting period, a statement that there
were no deviations from the emission
limitations or operating limits during
the reporting period. If you use a CMS
to monitor emissions or operating
parameters and there were no periods
during which any CMS was inoperative,
inactive, malfunctioning or out of
control, a statement that no monitoring
system used to determine compliance
with the emission limitations or
operating limits was inoperative,
inactive, malfunctioning or out of
control.
(f) The highest recorded 12-hour
average and the lowest recorded 12-hour
average, as applicable, for carbon
monoxide emissions if you are using a
CEMS to demonstrate continuous
compliance and the highest recorded 3hour average and the lowest recorded 3hour average, as applicable, for each
operating parameter recorded for the
calendar year being reported.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) If a performance test was
conducted during the reporting period,
identification of the OSWI unit tested,
the pollutant(s) tested, and the date of
the performance test. Submit, following
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the procedure specified in § 60.3056(b),
the performance test report no later than
the date that you submit the annual
report.
*
*
*
*
*
(j) The start date, start time, and
duration in hours for each period when
all qualified OSWI unit operators were
unavailable for more than 12 hours, but
less than 2 weeks.
(k) If you are complying with the
continuous compliance requirements for
small OSWI units in § 60.3033(d) and
have had no deviations from the weekly
waste profile requirements or deviations
from the operating limits, a statement
that there were no deviations from the
weekly waste profile requirements, and
the OSWI unit has been operated within
the operating parameter limits
established during the representative
performance test identified in the
information submitted as required in
§ 60.3032(b) or the initial performance
test conducted by the source, as
required in § 60.3032(d).
■ 97. Section 60.3052 is amended by
revising the section heading and
paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§ 60.3052 What other reports must I
submit if I have a deviation?
(a) You must submit a deviation
report as specified in paragraphs (a)(1)
through (3) of this section:
(1) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any
requirement or obligation established by
this subpart, including but not limited
to any emission limitation, operating
limit, or operator qualification and
accessibility requirements.
(2) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any
term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in
this subpart and that is included in the
operating permit for any unit that meets
the requirements in § 60.2991 and is
required to obtain such a permit.
(3) If you deviate from the
requirements to have a qualified
operator accessible as specified in
§ 60.3020, you must meet the
requirements of § 60.3054.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 98. Section 60.3053 is revised to read
as follows:
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§ 60.3053 What must I include in the
deviation report?
In each report required under
§ 60.3052, you must include the
company name and address and the
beginning and ending dates for the
reporting period. For any pollutant or
operating parameter that deviated from
the emission limitations, operating
limits or other requirement specified in
this subpart, or for each CMS that
experienced downtime or was out of
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control, include the items described in
paragraphs (a) through (g) of this
section, as applicable. If you are
complying with the continuous
compliance requirements for small
OSWI units in § 60.3033(d), you must
also include the items described in
paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section.
You must identify the OSWI unit
associated with the information
required in paragraphs (a) through (i) of
this section in your deviation report.
(a) Identification of the emission
limit, operating parameter or other
requirement from which there was a
deviation and the start date, start time,
and duration in hours of each deviation.
(b) The averaged and recorded data
for those dates, including, when
applicable, the information recorded
under § 60.3046(b)(9) and (c) through (e)
for the calendar period being reported.
(c) The cause of each deviation from
the emission limitations, operating
limits or other requirement and your
corrective actions.
(d) For each CMS, the start date, start
time, duration in hours, and cause for
each instance of monitor downtime
(other than downtime associated with
zero, span, and other routine calibration
checks).
(e) For each CMS, the start date, start
time, duration in hours, and corrective
action taken for each instance that the
monitor is out of control.
(f) The dates, times, and durations in
hours of any bypass of the control
device and your corrective actions.
(g) For batch OSWI units, the dates,
times, and duration in hours of any
deviation from the requirements to have
a qualified operator accessible as
required in § 60.3014.
(h) If you are complying with the
continuous compliance requirements for
small OSWI units in § 60.3033(d), the
dates, times, duration in weeks, and
cause for each deviation from the waste
profile required in § 60.3033(d)(1).
(i) The dates, times, duration in hours,
and cause for each deviation from the
operating parameter limits established
during the representative performance
test identified in the information
submitted as required in § 60.3032(b) or
the initial performance test conducted
by the source as required in
§ 60.3030(d).
■ 99. Section 60.3056 is revised to read
as follows:
§ 60.3056
reports?
In what form can I submit my
(a) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you
must submit annual and deviation
reports electronically or in paper format,
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54225
postmarked on or before the submittal
due dates. Beginning on [DATE 180
DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], or once the reporting
template for this subpart has been
available on the Compliance and
Emissions Data Reporting Interface
(CEDRI) website for one year, whichever
date is later, you must submit all
subsequent annual compliance reports
and deviation reports to the EPA via
CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA’s Central Data Exchange (CDX)
(https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will
make all the information submitted
through CEDRI available to the public
without further notice to you. Do not
use CEDRI to submit information you
claim as confidential business
information (CBI). Anything submitted
using CEDRI cannot later be claimed
CBI. You must use the appropriate
electronic report template on the CEDRI
website (https://www.epa.gov/
electronic-reporting-airemissions/cedri)
for this subpart. The date report
templates become available will be
listed on the CEDRI website. The report
must be submitted by the deadline
specified in this subpart, regardless of
the method in which the report is
submitted. Although we do not expect
persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you
wish to assert a CBI claim, submit a
complete report, including information
claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The
report must be generated using the
appropriate form on the CEDRI website
or an alternate electronic file consistent
with the extensible markup language
(XML) schema listed on the CEDRI
website. Submit the file on a compact
disc, flash drive, or other commonly
used electronic storage medium and
clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail
the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/
OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention:
Other Solid Waste Incineration Units
Sector Lead, MD C404–02, 4930 Old
Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same
file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted to the EPA via the EPA’s CDX
as described earlier in this paragraph.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c),
emissions data is not entitled to
confidential treatment, and the EPA is
required to make emissions data
available to the public. Thus, emissions
data will not be protected as CBI and
will be made publicly available.
(b) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
within 60 days after the date of
completing each performance test
required by this subpart, you must
submit the results of the performance
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test following the procedures specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Data collected using test methods
supported by the EPA’s Electronic
Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the
EPA’s ERT website (https://
www.epa.gov/electronic-reportingairemissions/electronic-reporting-toolert) at the time of the test. Submit the
results of the performance test to the
EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed
through the EPA’s CDX (https://
cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be
submitted in a file format generated
through the use of the EPA’s ERT.
Alternatively, you may submit an
electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA’s ERT
website.
(2) Data collected using test methods
that are not supported by the EPA’s ERT
as listed on the EPA’s ERT website at
the time of the test. The results of the
performance test must be included as an
attachment in the ERT or an alternate
electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA’s ERT
website. Submit the ERT generated
package or alternative file to the EPA via
CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as CBI. Anything
submitted using CEDRI cannot later be
claimed CBI. Although we do not expect
persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you
wish to assert a CBI claim for some of
the information required under
paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section
CBI, you must submit a complete file,
including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA. The file must be
generated through the use of the EPA’s
ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed
on EPA’s ERT website. Submit the file
on a compact disc, flash drive, or other
commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Group Leader, Measurement
Policy Group, MD C404–02, 4930 Old
Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same
file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted to the EPA via EPA’s CDX as
described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of
this section. All CBI claims must be
asserted at the time of submission.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c),
emissions data is not entitled to
confidential treatment, and the EPA is
required to make emissions data
available to the public. Thus, emissions
data will not be protected as CBI and
will be made publicly available.
(c) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
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within 60 days after the date of
completing each continuous emissions
monitoring system (CEMS) performance
evaluation, you must submit the results
of the performance evaluation following
the procedures specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Performance evaluations of CEMS
measuring relative accuracy test audit
(RATA) pollutants that are supported by
the EPA’s ERT as listed on the EPA’s
ERT website at the time of the
evaluation. Submit the results of the
performance evaluation to the EPA via
CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA’s CDX. The data must be
submitted in a file format generated
through the use of the EPA’s ERT.
Alternatively, you may submit an
electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA’s ERT
website.
(2) Performance evaluations of CEMS
measuring RATA pollutants that are not
supported by the EPA’s ERT as listed on
the EPA’s ERT website at the time of the
evaluation. The results of the
performance evaluation must be
included as an attachment in the ERT or
an alternate electronic file consistent
with the XML schema listed on the
EPA’s ERT website. Submit the ERT
generated package or alternative file to
the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as CBI. Anything
submitted using CEDRI cannot later be
claimed CBI. Although we do not expect
persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you
wish to assert a CBI claim for some of
the information required under
paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section,
you must submit a complete file,
including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA. The file must be
generated through the use of the EPA’s
ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA’s ERT website. Submit the
file on a compact disc, flash drive, or
other commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium
as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office,
Attention: Group Leader, Measurement
Policy Group, MD C404–02, 4930 Old
Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same
file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted to the EPA via the EPA’s CDX
as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be
asserted at the time of submission.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c),
emissions data is not entitled to
confidential treatment, and the EPA is
required to make emissions data
available to the public. Thus, emissions
data will not be protected as CBI and
will be made publicly available.
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(d) If you are required to
electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA’s CDX, you may
assert a claim of EPA system outage for
failure to timely comply with the
reporting requirement. To assert a claim
of EPA system outage, you must meet
the requirements outlined in paragraphs
(d)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) You must have been or will be
precluded from accessing CEDRI and
submitting a required report within the
time prescribed due to an outage of
either the EPA’s CEDRI or CDX systems.
(2) The outage must have occurred
within the period of time beginning five
business days prior to the date that the
submission is due.
(3) The outage may be planned or
unplanned.
(4) You must submit notification to
the Administrator in writing as soon as
possible following the date you first
knew, or through due diligence should
have known, that the event may cause
or has caused a delay in reporting.
(5) You must provide to the
Administrator a written description
identifying:
(i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX
or CEDRI was accessed and the system
was unavailable;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the
delay in reporting beyond the regulatory
deadline to EPA system outage;
(iii) A description of the measures
taken or to be taken to minimize the
delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to
report, or if you have already met the
reporting requirement at the time of the
notification, the date you reported.
(6) The decision to accept the claim
of EPA system outage and allow an
extension to the reporting deadline is
solely within the discretion of the
Administrator.
(7) In any circumstance, the report
must be submitted electronically as
soon as possible after the outage is
resolved.
(e) If you are required to electronically
submit a report through CEDRI in the
EPA’s CDX, you may assert a claim of
force majeure for failure to timely
comply with the reporting requirement.
To assert a claim of force majeure, you
must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this
section.
(1) You may submit a claim if a force
majeure event is about to occur, occurs,
or has occurred or there are lingering
effects from such an event within the
period of time beginning five business
days prior to the date the submission is
due. For the purposes of this section, a
force majeure event is defined as an
event that will be or has been caused by
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circumstances beyond the control of the
affected facility, its contractors, or any
entity controlled by the affected facility
that prevents you from complying with
the requirement to submit a report
electronically within the time period
prescribed. Examples of such events are
acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes,
earthquakes, or floods), acts of war or
terrorism, or equipment failure or safety
hazard beyond the control of the
affected facility (e.g., large scale power
outage).
(2) You must submit notification to
the Administrator in writing as soon as
possible following the date you first
knew, or through due diligence should
have known, that the event may cause
or has caused a delay in reporting.
(3) You must provide to the
Administrator:
(i) A written description of the force
majeure event;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the
delay in reporting beyond the regulatory
deadline to the force majeure event;
(iii) A description of the measures
taken or to be taken to minimize the
delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to
report, or if you have already met the
reporting requirement at the time of the
notification, the date you reported.
(4) The decision to accept the claim
of force majeure and allow an extension
to the reporting deadline is solely
within the discretion of the
Administrator.
(5) In any circumstance, the reporting
must occur as soon as possible after the
force majeure event occurs.
■ 100. Section 60.3059 is revised to read
as follows:
103. Section 60.3067 is amended by
revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
■
§ 60.3067 How must I monitor opacity for
air curtain incinerators that burn only wood
waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
(a) Use EPA Method 9 of appendix A
of this part or ASTM D7520–16
(incorporated by reference (IBR), see
§ 60.17), to determine compliance with
the opacity limitation.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 104. Section 60.3068 is amended by
revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
§ 60.3068 What are the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements for air curtain
incinerators that burn only wood waste,
clean lumber, and yard waste?
*
*
*
*
*
(d) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], submit
initial and annual opacity test reports as
electronic or paper copy on or before the
applicable submittal date. On and after
[DATE 180 DAYS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within
60 days after the date of completing the
initial opacity test and each annual
opacity test required by this subpart,
you must submit the results of the
opacity test following the procedures
specified in § 60.3056(b)(1) through (3).
*
*
*
*
*
§ 60.3069
[Removed]
105. Remove § 60.3069.
106. Section 60.3076 is amended by
revising parameters ‘‘Ea’’ and ‘‘Ehj’’ of
Equation 2 in paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
■
■
§ 60.3059 Am I required to apply for and
obtain a title V operating permit for my
unit?
§ 60.3076
(a) Yes, if your OSWI unit is an
existing incineration unit subject to an
applicable EPA-approved and effective
Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129 State
or Tribal plan or an applicable and
effective Federal plan, you are required
to obtain a title V operating permit for
your OSWI unit. 40 CFR 70.5(a)(1) and
40 CFR 71.5(a)(1) addresses the title V
application deadlines.
(b) Air curtain incinerators as
specified in § 60.2994(b) and subject
only to the requirements in §§ 60.3062
through 60.3068 are exempted from title
V permitting requirements per these
regulations.
Ea = Average carbon monoxide pollutant rate
for the 12-hour period, ppm corrected to
7 percent O2. Note that a 12-hour period
may include CEMS data during startup
and shutdown, as defined in the subpart,
in which case the period will not consist
entirely of data that have been corrected
to 7 percent O2.
Ehj = Hourly arithmetic average pollutant rate
for hour ‘‘j,’’ ppm corrected to 7 percent
O2. CEMS data during startup and
shutdown, as defined in the subpart, are
not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and
are measured at stack oxygen content.
§ 60.3060
■
[Removed]
101. Remov § 60.3060.
§ 60.3062
[Amended]
102. Section 60.3062 is amended by
removing and reserving paragraph (b).
■
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What equations must I use?
*
*
(d) * * *
*
*
107. Section 60.3078 is amended by:
a. Revising the definition for
‘‘Administrator’’;
■ b. Adding in alphabetical order a
definition for ‘‘CEMS data during
startup and shutdown’’;
■ c. Removing the definition for
‘‘Collected from’’;
■
■
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54227
d. Revising the definitions for
‘‘Deviation,’’ ‘‘Low-level radioactive
waste,’’ ‘‘Municipal waste combustion
unit,’’ and ‘‘Particulate Matter’’; and
■ e. Adding in alphabetical order a
definition for ‘‘Small OSWI unit’’ and
‘‘Waste profile.’’
The revisions and additions read as
follows:
■
§ 60.3078
What definitions must I know?
Administrator means:
(1) For approved and effective state
section 111(d)/129 plans, the Director of
the state air pollution control agency, or
his or her delegatee;
(2) For Federal section 111(d)/129
plans, the Administrator of the EPA, an
employee of the EPA, the Director of the
state air pollution control agency, or
employee of the state air pollution
control agency to whom the authority
has been delegated by the Administrator
of the EPA to perform the specified task;
and
(3) For NSPS, the Administrator of the
EPA, an employee of the EPA, the
Director of the state air pollution control
agency, or employee of the state air
pollution control agency to whom the
authority has been delegated by the
Administrator of the EPA to perform the
specified task.
*
*
*
*
*
CEMS data during startup and
shutdown means CEMS data collected
during the first hours of a OSWI startup
from a cold start until waste is fed to the
unit and the hours of operation
following the cessation of waste
material being fed to the OSWI during
a unit shutdown. For each startup event,
the length of time that CEMS data may
be claimed as being CEMS data during
startup must be 48 operating hours or
less. For each shutdown event, the
length of time that CEMS data may be
claimed as being CEMS data during
shutdown must be 24 operating hours or
less.
*
*
*
*
*
Deviation means any instance in
which a unit that meets the
requirements in § 60.2991, or an owner
or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or
obligation established by this subpart,
including but not limited to any
emission limitation, operating limit, or
operator qualification and accessibility
requirements; and
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition
that is adopted to implement an
applicable requirement in this subpart
and that is included in the operating
permit for any unit that meets
requirements in § 60.2991 and is
required to obtain such a permit.
*
*
*
*
*
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31AUP2
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Low-level radioactive waste means
waste material that contains radioactive
nuclides emitting primarily beta or
gamma radiation, or both, in
concentrations or quantities that exceed
applicable federal or state standards for
unrestricted release. Low-level
radioactive waste is not high-level
radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or
byproduct material as defined by the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2014(e)(2)).
*
*
*
*
*
Municipal waste combustion unit
means, for the purpose of this subpart
and subpart EEEE, any setting or
equipment that combusts municipal
For units as defined in .
.
solid waste (as defined in this subpart)
including, but not limited to, fielderected, modular, cyclonic burn barrel,
and custom built incineration units
(with or without energy recovery)
operating with starved or excess air,
boilers, furnaces, and air curtain
incinerators (except those air curtain
incinerators listed in § 60.2994(b)).
*
*
*
*
*
Particulate matter means total
particulate matter emitted from OSWI
units as measured by EPA Method 5 or
EPA Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
*
*
*
*
*
.
Small OSWI unit means OSWI units
with capacities less than or equal to 10
tons per day.
*
*
*
*
*
Waste profile means for a small OSWI
unit the amount of each waste category
burned as a percentage of total waste
burned on a mass basis.
*
*
*
*
*
■ 108. Table 1 to subpart FFFF of part
60 is revised to read as follows:
Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Compliance Schedule
As stated in § 60.3000, you must
comply with the following:
By this date a
Complete this action
§ 60.2992(a)(1) ...................................................
§ 60.2992(a)(2) and (a)(3), as applicable ..........
Final compliance b ............................................
Final compliance b ............................................
(Dates to be specified in State plan) c.
(Dates to be specified in State plan) d.
a Site-specific
schedules can be used at the discretion of the state.
compliance means that you complete all process changes and retrofit of control devices so that, when the incineration unit is brought on
line, all process changes and air pollution control devices necessary to meet the emission limitations operate as designed.
c The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of State plan approval or December 16, 2010, whichever is earlier.
d The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of State plan approval or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is earlier.
b Final
109. Table 2 to subpart FFFF of part
60 is amended by revising the heading,
rows 7, 8, and 10, and footnote ‘‘a’’ to
read as follows:
■
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*
*
7. Opacity ......................................
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*
*
*
*
You must meet this emission
limitation a
For the air pollutant
VerDate Sep<11>2014
Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Emission Limitations for
OSWI Units
*
And determining compliance using
this method
Using this averaging time
*
*
*
10 percent ..................................... 6-minute average (observe over
three 1-hour test runs; i.e., thirty
6-minute averages).
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*
*
Method 9 of appendix A of this
part, or ASTM D7520–16 (incorporated by reference (IBR), see
§ 60.17), if the following conditions are met:
1. During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520–
16, you or the DCOT vendor
must present the plumes in
front of various backgrounds of
color and contrast representing
conditions anticipated during
field use such as blue sky,
trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree
stand).
2. You must also have standard
operating procedures in place
including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure
the equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM
D7520–16.
31AUP2
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Proposed Rules
You must meet this emission
limitation a
For the air pollutant
54229
And determining compliance using
this method
Using this averaging time
8. Oxides of nitrogen ....................
103 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
*
*
10. Sulfur dioxide ..........................
*
*
*
3.1 parts per million by dry vol- 3-run average (1 hour minimum
ume.
sample time per run).
3. You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in
§ 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report,
data sheets, and all raw
unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.
4. You or the DCOT vendor must
have a minimum of four independent technology users apply
the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of
25 plumes, the user may not
exceed 15 percent opacity of
anyone reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5
percent opacity.
Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981
(IBR, see § 60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
*
*
Method 6 or 6C of appendix A of
this part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (IBR, see § 60.17)
in lieu of Method 6 only.
a All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at
standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack oxygen content.
*
*
*
*
*
110. Table 2b to subpart FFFF of part
60 is added to read as follows:
■
Table 2b to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Emission Limitations That
Apply to Small OSWI Units On or After
[DATE TO BE SPECIFIED IN STATE
PLAN] a
As stated in § 60.3022, you must
comply with the following:
For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation b
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
1. Cadmium ...................................
2,000 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter.
220 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run during performance test), and 12-hour
rolling
averages
measured
using CEMS c.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
Method 29 of appendix A of this
part.
Method 10, 10A, or 10B of appendix A of this part and CEMS.
2. Carbon monoxide ......................
3a. Dioxins/furans (total mass
basis) d.
3b. Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis) d.
4. Hydrogen chloride .....................
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6. Mercury ......................................
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4,700 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.
86 nanograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
500 parts per million by dry volume.
32,000 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter.
69 micrograms per dry standard
cubic meter.
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Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
Method
part.
31AUP2
23 of appendix A of this
23 of appendix A of this
26A of appendix A of this
29 of appendix A of this
29 of appendix A of this
54230
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Proposed Rules
For the air pollutant
You must meet this emission
limitation b
7. Opacity .......................................
Using this averaging time
And determining compliance
using this method
10 percent .....................................
6-minute average (observe over
three 1-hour test runs; i.e., thirty
6-minute averages).
8. Oxides of nitrogen .....................
210 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1 hour minimum
sample time per run).
9. Particulate matter ......................
280 milligrams per dry standard
cubic meter.
130 parts per million by dry volume.
3-run average (1
sample time per
3-run average (1
sample time per
Method 9 of appendix A of this
part, or ASTM D7520–16 (IBR,
see § 60.17), if the following
conditions are met:
1. During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520–
16, you or the DCOT vendor
must present the plumes in
front of various backgrounds of
color and contrast representing
conditions anticipated during
field use such as blue sky,
trees, and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a sparse tree
stand).
2. You must also have standard
operating procedures in place
including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within
manufacturing specifications as
outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM
D7520–16.
3. You must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in
§ 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report,
data sheets, and all raw
unaltered JPEGs used for
opacity and certification determination.
4. You or the DCOT vendor must
have a minimum of four independent technology users apply
the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of
25 plumes, the user may not
exceed 15 percent opacity of
any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5
percent opacity.
Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of
appendix A of this part, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10–1981
(IBR, see § 60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
Method 5 or 29 of appendix A of
this part.
Method 6 or 6C of appendix A of
this part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10–1981 (IBR, see § 60.17)
in lieu of Method 6 only.
10. Sulfur dioxide ...........................
hour minimum
run).
hour minimum
run).
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a The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of State plan approval or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION
OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is earlier.
b All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. CEMS data during startup
and shutdown are measured at stack oxygen content.
c Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
d For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
111. Table 3 to subpart FFFF of part
60 is revised to read as follows:
■
Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Operating Limits for
Incinerators
As stated in § 60.3023, you must
comply with the following:
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Proposed Rules
And monitoring using these minimum frequencies
For these operating parameters
You must establish operating limits
Data measurement
Data recording
Averaging time
1. Charge rate ...................
Maximum charge rate .......
Periodic .............................
For batch, each batch. For
continuous or intermittent, every hour.
2. Combustion temperature
Minimum combustion
chamber operating temperature.
Minimum pressure drop or
amperage.
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
Daily for batch units or
small OSWI units complying with § 60.3033(d).
3-hour rolling for continuous and intermittent
units.a
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Minimum flow rate at inlet
to the scrubber.
Minimum pH at scrubber
outlet.
6. Dry scrubber sorbent in- Minimum injection rate of
jection.
each sorbent.
7. Electrostatic precipitator Minimum secondary elecsecondary electric power.
tric power, calculated
from the secondary voltage and secondary current.
8. Bag leak detection sysAlarm time < 5 percent of
tem alarm time.
the operating time during a 6-month period.
9. Waste profile ................. The amount of each waste
category burned as a
percentage of total
waste burned on a mass
basis.
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Every 15 minutes ..............
3-hour rolling.a
Continuous ........................
Each date and time of
alarm start and stop.
Calculate alarm time as
specified in § 60.3023(f).
Periodic .............................
For batch, each batch. For
continuous or intermittent, every hour.
Weekly.
3. Pressure drop across
the wet scrubber or amperage to wet scrubber.
4. Wet scrubber liquor flow
rate.
5. Wet scrubber liquor pH
a Calculated
each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.
112. Table 4 to subpart FFFF of part
60 is amended by revising row 2 to read
as follows:
■
Table 4 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Requirements for
Continuous Emission Monitoring
Systems (CEMS)
*
*
*
*
Use the following span values for
your CEMS
For the following pollutants
*
*
2. Oxygen ......................................
*
Use the following performance
specifications (P.S.) in appendix B
of this part for your CEMS
*
*
*
25 percent oxygen ........................ P.S.3 .............................................
113. Table 5 to subpart FFFF of part
60 is amended by revising row 3. to read
as follows:
■
*
*
*
Due date
Contents
3. Annual Report ...........................
a. No later than 12 months following the submission of the initial test report. Subsequent reports are to be submitted no
more than 12 months following
the previous report.
i. Company Name and address; ...
20:15 Aug 28, 2020
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*
*
Method 3A or 3B, or ANSI/ASME
PTC 19.10–1981 (IBR, see
§ 60.17) in lieu of Method 3B
only.
*
Report
VerDate Sep<11>2014
If needed to meet minimum data
requirements, use the following
alternate methods in appendix A
of this part to collect data
Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60—
Model Rule—Summary of Reporting
Requirements
*
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Reference
§§ 60.3050 and 60.3051.
31AUP2
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Report
*
*
Due date
Contents
Reference
*
*
*
*
*
vii. Information for deviations or
malfunctions recorded under
§ 60.3046(b)(6) and (c) through
(e);.
*
*
§§ 60.3050 and 60.3051.
*
*
*
*
*
ix. If a performance test was not
conducted during the reporting
period, a statement that the requirements of § 60.3035(a) or
(b) were met; and.
*
*
§§ 60.3050 and 60.3051.
*
*
*
*
*
xi. For each small OSWI unit for
which you demonstrate continuous compliance according to
§ 60.3033(d), if no deviations
from the percentages established for each waste category
according to the waste profile
required in § 60.3033(d)(1) and
the OSWI unit has been operated within the operating parameter limits, a statement that
there were no deviations from
the weekly waste profile requirements and the OSWI unit
has been operated within the
operating parameter limits.
*
*
§§ 60.3050 and 60.3051.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2020–17730 Filed 8–28–20; 8:45 am]
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 169 (Monday, August 31, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 54178-54232]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-17730]
[[Page 54177]]
Vol. 85
Monday,
No. 169
August 31, 2020
Part VI
Environmental Protection Agency
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
40 CFR Part 60
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission
Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration Units
Review; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 54178]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 60
[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156; FRL-10013-19-OAR]
RIN 2060-AU60
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission
Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste Incineration Units
Review
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: In accordance with requirements under the Clean Air Act (CAA),
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed a periodic
review of the emissions standards and other requirements for Other
Solid Waste Incineration (OSWI) units, covering certain very small
municipal waste combustion (VSMWC) and institutional waste incineration
(IWI) units. Although the EPA is not proposing revisions to the OSWI
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emission Guidelines (EG)
specifically based on its statutory periodic review, the EPA is
otherwise--in accordance with its authority under the CAA--proposing
changes to the OSWI NSPS and EG.
DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before October 15,
2020. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), comments on the
information collection provisions are best assured of consideration if
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) receives a copy of your
comments on or before September 30, 2020.
Public hearing. If anyone contacts us requesting a public hearing
on or before September 8, 2020, the EPA will hold a virtual public
hearing. Please refer to the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section for
additional information on requesting and registering for a public
hearing.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2003-0156, by any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov/
(our preferred method). Follow the online instructions for submitting
comments.
Email: [email protected]. Include Docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OAR-2003-0156 in the subject line of the message.
Fax: (202) 566-9744. Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0156.
Mail: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket
Center, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156, Mail Code 28221T, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460.
Hand Delivery or Courier (by scheduled appointment only):
EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004.
The Docket Center's hours of operation are 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m.,
Monday--Friday (except Federal holidays).
Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket ID
No. for this rulemaking. Comments received may be posted without change
to https://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal information
provided. For detailed instructions on sending comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION section of this document. Out of an abundance of caution
for members of the public and our staff, the EPA Docket Center and
Reading Room are closed to the public, with limited exceptions, to
reduce the risk of transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Our Docket Center staff will continue to provide remote customer
service via email, phone, and webform. We encourage the public to
submit comments via https://www.regulations.gov/ or email, as there may
be a delay in processing mail and faxes. Hand deliveries and couriers
may be received by scheduled appointment only. For further information
on EPA Docket Center services and the current status, please visit us
online at https://www.epa.gov/dockets. Refer to the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION section below for additional information.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about this proposed
action, contact Dr. Nabanita Modak Fischer, Sector Policies and
Programs Division (E143-05), Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-5572; fax
number: (919) 541-0516; and email address: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Participation in virtual public hearing. Please note that the EPA
is deviating from its typical approach because the President has
declared a national emergency. Due to the current Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations, as well as state and
local orders for social distancing to limit the spread of COVID-19, the
EPA cannot hold in-person public meetings at this time.
If requested, the virtual public hearing will be held on September
15, 2020. The hearing will convene at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) and
will conclude at 5:00 p.m. ET. The EPA may close a session 15 minutes
after the last pre-registered speaker has testified if there are no
additional speakers. The EPA will announce further details on the
virtual public hearing at https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/other-solid-waste-incinerators-oswi-new-source-performance.
The EPA will begin pre-registering speakers for the hearing upon
publication of this document in the Federal Register. To register to
speak at the virtual hearing, please use the online registration form
available at https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/other-solid-waste-incinerators-oswi-new-source-performance or contact
Ms. Virginia Hunt at (919) 541-0832 or by email at
[email protected]. The last day to pre-register to speak at the
hearing will be September 14, 2020. Prior to the hearing, the EPA will
post a general agenda that will list pre-registered speakers in
approximate order at: https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/other-solid-waste-incinerators-oswi-new-source-performance.
The EPA will make every effort to follow the schedule as closely as
possible on the day of the hearing; however, please plan for the
hearing to run either ahead of schedule or behind schedule.
Each commenter will have 5 minutes to provide oral testimony. The
EPA encourages commenters to provide the EPA with a copy of their oral
testimony electronically (via email) by emailing it to Dr. Nabanita
Modak Fischer and Ms. Virginia Hunt. The EPA also recommends submitting
the text of your oral testimony as written comments to the rulemaking
docket.
The EPA may ask clarifying questions during the oral presentations
but will not respond to the presentations at that time. Written
statements and supporting information submitted during the comment
period will be considered with the same weight as oral testimony and
supporting information presented at the public hearing.
Please note that any updates made to any aspect of the hearing will
be posted online at https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/other-solid-waste-incinerators-oswi-new-source-performance.
While the EPA expects the hearing to go forward, if requested, as
described in this preamble, please monitor our website or
[[Page 54179]]
contact Ms. Virginia Hunt at (919) 541-0832 or [email protected] to
determine if there are any updates. The EPA does not intend to publish
a document in the Federal Register announcing updates.
If you require the services of a translator or a special
accommodation such as audio description, please pre-register for the
hearing with Ms. Virginia Hunt and describe your needs by September 8,
2020. The EPA may not be able to arrange accommodations without advance
notice.
Docket. The EPA has established a docket for this rulemaking under
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156. All documents in the docket are
listed on the Regulations.gov website. Although listed, some
information is not publicly available, e.g., Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard
copy. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically
through https://www.regulations.gov/.
Instructions. Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0156. The EPA's policy is that all comments received will be
included in the public docket without change and may be made available
online at https://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal
information provided, unless the comment includes information claimed
to be CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by
statute. Do not submit electronically any information that you consider
to be CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by
statute. This type of information should be submitted by mail as
discussed below.
The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket.
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA
will generally not consider comments or comment contents located
outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the Web, cloud, or other
file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA
public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions,
and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
The https://www.regulations.gov/ website allows you to submit your
comment anonymously, which means the EPA will not know your identity or
contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment.
If you send an email comment directly to the EPA without going through
https://www.regulations.gov/, your email address will be automatically
captured and included as part of the comment that is placed in the
public docket and made available on the internet. If you submit an
electronic comment, the EPA recommends that you include your name and
other contact information in the body of your comment and with any
digital storage media you submit. If the EPA cannot read your comment
due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification,
the EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files
should not include special characters or any form of encryption and be
free of any defects or viruses. For additional information about the
EPA's public docket, visit the EPA Docket Center homepage at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
The EPA is temporarily suspending its Docket Center and Reading
Room for public visitors, with limited exceptions, to reduce the risks
of transmitting COVID-19. Our Docket Center staff will continue to
provide remote customer service via email, phone, and webform. We
encourage the public to submit comments via https://www.regulations.gov/ as there may be a delay in processing mail and
faxes. Hand deliveries or couriers will be received by scheduled
appointment only. For further information and updates on EPA Docket
Center services, please visit us online at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
The EPA continues to carefully and continuously monitor information
from the CDC, local area health departments, and our federal partners
so that we can respond rapidly as conditions change regarding COVID-19.
Submitting CBI. Do not submit information containing CBI to the EPA
through https://www.regulations.gov/ or email. Clearly mark the part or
all of the information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information on
any digital storage media that you mail to the EPA, mark the outside of
the digital storage media as CBI and then identify electronically
within the digital storage media the specific information that is
claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comments
that includes information claimed as CBI, you must submit a copy of the
comments that does not contain the information claimed as CBI directly
to the public docket through the procedures outlined in Instructions
above. If you submit any digital storage media that does not contain
CBI, mark the outside of the digital storage media clearly that it does
not contain CBI. Information not marked as CBI will be included in the
public docket and the EPA's electronic public docket without prior
notice. Information marked as CBI will not be disclosed except in
accordance with procedures set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) part 2. Send or deliver information identified as CBI only to the
following address: OAQPS Document Control Officer (C404-02), OAQPS,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156. Note that
written comments containing CBI and submitted by mail may be delayed
and no hand deliveries will be accepted.
Preamble acronyms and abbreviations. We use multiple acronyms and
terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease
the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA
identifies the following terms and acronyms here:
ACI air curtain incinerator
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AOGA Alaska Oil and Gas Association
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Cd cadmium
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI Confidential Business Information
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDX Central Data Exchange
CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface
CEMS continuous emissions monitoring systems
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CISWI commercial and industrial solid waste incineration
CO carbon monoxide
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019
D.C. Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit
DCOT digital camera opacity technique
DF dioxins/furans
ECHO Enforcement and Compliance History Online
EG emission guidelines
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERT Electronic Reporting Tool
ET Eastern Time
FVF fuel variability factor
HCl hydrochloric acid
Hg mercury
HMIWI hospital, medical, and infectious waste incineration
ICR Information Collection Request
IWI institutional waste incineration
MACT maximum achievable control technology
MSW municipal solid waste
MWC municipal waste combustor
NEI National Emissions Inventory
ng/dscm nanograms per dry standard cubic meter
[[Page 54180]]
N nitrogen
NOX oxides of nitrogen
NRDC Natural Resources Defense Council
NSPS new source performance standards
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OSWI other solid waste incineration
Pb lead
PM particulate matter
ppmvd parts per million by dry volume
PRA Paperwork Reduction Action
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SRI small remote incinerator
SSM startup, shutdown, and malfunction
TEQ toxic equivalency factor
TMB total mass basis
TPD tons per day
[micro]g/dscm micrograms per dry standard cubic meter
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
VCS voluntary consensus standards
VSMWC very small municipal waste combustion
XML extensible markup language
Organization of this document. The information in this preamble is
organized as follows:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
B. What is the background?
C. What action is the Agency taking?
D. What is the Agency's authority for taking this action?
E. What data collection activities were conducted?
F. What other relevant background information and data are
available?
G. What are the incremental costs and benefits of this action?
II. OSWI Review and Proposed Revisions
A. CAA Section 129(a)(5) Review
B. What other actions are we proposing?
C. What compliance dates are we proposing?
III. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the affected sources?
B. What are the air quality impacts?
C. What are the cost impacts?
D. What are the economic impacts?
E. What are the benefits?
IV. Request for Comments
V. Statutory and Executive Orders Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With
Indian Tribal Governments
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Categories and entities potentially affected by the proposed action
are those that operate OSWI units. The NSPS and EG for OSWI,
hereinafter referred to as ``the OSWI standards,'' affect the
categories of sources identifed in Table 1 of this preamble:
Table 1--Industrial Source Categories Affected by This Proposed Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of
Source category NAICS code \1\ potentially regulated
entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Any state, local, or tribal 562213, 92411.... Solid waste
government using a VSMWC unit. combustion units
burning municipal
solid waste (MSW).
Any correctional institutions 922 7213......... Correctional
using an IWI unit. institutions.
Any nursing or residential 623.............. Any nursing care,
care facilities using an OSWI residential
unit. intellectual and
developmental
disability,
residential mental
health and substance
abuse, or assisted
living facilities.
Any federal government agency 928, 7121........ Department of Defense
using an OSWI unit. (labs, military
bases, munition
facilities) and
National Parks.
Any educational institution 6111, 6112, 6113. Primary and secondary
using an OSWI unit. schools,
universities,
colleges, and
community colleges.
Any church or convent using an 8131............. Churches and
OSWI unit. convents.
Any civic or religious 8134............. Civic associations
organization using an OSWI and fraternal
unit. associations.
Any industrial or commercial 114, 211, 212, Oil and gas
facility using a VSMWC unit. 221, 486. exploration
operations; mining;
pipeline operators;
utility providers;
fishing operations.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. This table lists the types of entities that the EPA is now
aware could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of
entities not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine
whether your entity is regulated by this action, you should carefully
examine the applicability criteria found in 40 CFR 60.2885, 60.2981,
and 60.2991. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this
action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. What is the background?
Section 129 of the CAA requires the EPA to develop and adopt NSPS
and EG for solid waste incineration units in accordance with CAA
sections 129 and 111. Section 129(a) of the CAA requires the EPA to
establish NSPS for new sources, and CAA section 129(b) requires the EPA
to establish procedures for states to submit plans for implementing EG
for existing sources (and see CAA sections 111(b) and (d)). The EPA
proposed NSPS and EG for OSWI units on December 9, 2004, and
promulgated them on December 16, 2005 (70 FR 74870), at 40 CFR part 60,
subparts EEEE and FFFF.\1\ Following that final action, the
Administrator received a petition for reconsideration of the OSWI
standards, and on June 28, 2006, the EPA announced reconsideration on
the final OSWI rules (71 FR 36726). After consideration of comments and
information received through the reconsideration process, we concluded
that no additional changes were necessary to the final OSWI rules (72
FR 2620, January 22, 2007).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The regulations were revised on November 24, 2006 (71 FR
67802) in a direct final rule to address corrections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition to the administrative reconsideration requests, some
entities petitioned for judicial review of the 2005 OSWI standards. The
judicial
[[Page 54181]]
review proceedings initially were stayed and, ultimately, the EPA
requested a voluntary remand of the OSWI standards. By Order dated
April 21, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit (the D.C. Circuit) granted the EPA's request for a remand.
Sierra Club v. EPA, No. 06-1066. The remand was requested to allow the
EPA to consider potential revisions, if any, to the OSWI standards that
might be appropriate in light of certain legal developments, including
2007 and 2008 decisions from the D.C. Circuit.
The OSWI standards establish maximum achievable control technology
(MACT) emission limits for OSWI units. Under current regulations, the
term ``OSWI unit'' means either a VSMWC unit or an IWI unit. A VSMWC
unit is any municipal waste combustion unit that has the capacity to
combust less than 35 tons per day (TPD) of MSW or refuse-derived fuel.
An IWI unit is any combustion unit that combusts institutional waste
and is a distinct operating unit of the institutional facility that
generated the waste. The OSWI standards set emission standards for nine
pollutants: Cadmium (Cd), carbon monoxide (CO), dioxins/furans (DF),
hydrochloric acid (HCl), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), oxides of nitrogen
(NOX), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide
(SO2) and also establish opacity standards.
CAA section 129(a)(5) requires the EPA, every 5 years, to review
and, in accordance with CAA sections 129 and 111, revise standards and
other requirements for solid waste incineration units (such as the OSWI
standards). In 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of
Columbia found that the EPA had failed to undertake the requisite CAA
section 129(a)(5) periodic review of the OSWI standards and ordered the
EPA to do the review; publish a proposed rulemaking by August 31, 2020;
and promulgate a final rule by May 31, 2021. Sierra Club v. Wheeler,
330 F.Supp.3d 407.
C. What action is the Agency taking?
The EPA has conducted the requisite CAA section 129(a)(5) 5-year
review, and we are giving notice of that review. We are not proposing
any revisions to the OSWI standards specifically based on that review,
but we are proposing various changes to the OSWI standards, including
some changes that were occasioned by the 2016 voluntary remand of the
OSWI standards (and the legal developments related to that request for
a remand). In accordance with the EPA's general authority under CAA
section 129(a) and and as discussed further in sections II.A and II.B
of this preamble, we are proposing: (1) Certain MACT floor
redeterminations; (2) changes to applicability provisions; (3) testing
and monitoring flexibilities so that units with rudimentary designs can
demonstrate compliance with the rule; (4) revised regulatory provisions
related to emissions during periods of startup, shutdown, and
malfunction (SSM); (5) provisions for electronic reporting of certain
notifications and reports; (6) revisions to recordkeeping and reporting
provisions consistent with the revised testing and monitoring; (7)
changes to title V permitting requirements; and (8) other technical
edits, clarifications, and revisions intended to improve the
understanding of the rule and improve consistency with other CAA
section 129 rules.
D. What is the Agency's authority for taking this action?
Section 129 of the CAA requires the EPA to establish NSPS and EG
pursuant to sections 111 and 129 of the CAA for new and existing solid
waste incineration units, including ``other categories of solid waste
incineration units.'' This action amends the OSWI standards under such
authority. In addition, CAA section 129(a)(5) specifically requires the
EPA to periodically review and revise the standards and the
requirements for solid waste incineration units, including OSWI units.
The EPA has substantial discretion to distinguish among classes,
types, and sizes of incinerator units within a category while setting
standards. CAA section 129(a)(2) provides that standards ``applicable
to solid waste incineration units promulgated under . . . [section 111]
and this section shall reflect the maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of . . . [certain listed air pollutants] that the
Administrator, taking into consideration the cost of achieving such
emission reduction and any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts and energy requirements, determines is achievable for new and
existing units in each category.'' This level of control is referred to
as a maximum achievable control technology, or MACT standard. CAA
section 129(a)(4) further directs the EPA to set numeric emission
limits for certain enumerated pollutants (Cd, CO, DF, HCl, Pb, Hg,
NOX, PM, and SO2). In addition, the standards
``shall be based on methods and technologies for removal or destruction
of pollutants.'' CAA section 129(a)(3).
In promulgating a MACT standard, the EPA must first calculate the
minimum stringency levels for new and existing solid waste incineration
units in a category, generally based on levels of emissions control
achieved in practice by the subject units. The minimum level of
stringency is called the MACT ``floor,'' and there are different
approaches to determining the floors for new and/or existing sources.
For new (and reconstructed sources), CAA section 129(a)(2) provides
that the ``degree of reduction in emissions that is deemed achievable .
. . shall not be less stringent than the emissions control that is
achieved in practice by the best controlled similar unit, as determined
by the Administrator.'' Emissions standards for existing units may be
less stringent than standards for new units, but CAA section 129(a)(2)
requires that the standards ``shall not be less stringent than the
average emissions limitation achieved by the best performing 12 percent
of units in the category.'' The MACT floors form the least stringent
regulatory option the EPA may consider in the determination of MACT
standards for a source category. The EPA must also determine whether to
control emissions ``beyond-the-floor,'' after considering the costs,
non-air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements of such more stringent control.
In general, all MACT analyses involve an assessment of the
emissions from the best performing units in a source category. The
assessment can be based on actual emissions data, knowledge of the air
pollution control in place in combination with actual emissions data,
or on other information, such as state regulatory requirements, that
enables the EPA to estimate the actual performance of the regulated
units. For each source category, the assessment involves a review of
actual emissions data with an appropriate accounting for emissions
variability. Other methods of estimating emissions can be used provided
that the methods can be shown to provide reasonable estimates of the
actual emissions performance of a source or sources. Where there is
more than one method or technology to control emissions, the analysis
may result in several potential regulations (called regulatory
options), one of which is selected as MACT for each pollutant. Each
regulatory option the EPA considers must be at least as stringent as
the minimum stringency ``floor'' requirements. The EPA must examine,
but is not necessarily required to adopt, more stringent ``beyond-the-
floor'' regulatory options to determine MACT. Unlike the floor minimum
stringency requirements, the EPA must consider
[[Page 54182]]
various impacts of the more stringent regulatory options in determining
whether MACT standards are to reflect ``beyond-the-floor''
requirements. If the EPA concludes that the more stringent regulatory
options have unreasonable impacts, the EPA selects the ``floor-based''
regulatory option as MACT. If the EPA concludes that impacts associated
with ``beyond-the-floor'' levels of control are acceptable in light of
additional emissions reductions achieved, the EPA selects those levels
as MACT.
Under CAA section 129(a)(2), for new sources, the EPA determines
the best control currently in use for a given pollutant and establishes
one potential regulatory option at the emission level achieved by that
control with an appropriate accounting for emissions variability. More
stringent potential beyond-the-floor regulatory options might reflect
controls used on other sources that could be applied to the source
category in question.
For existing sources, the EPA determines the average emissions
limitation achieved by the best performing 12 percent of units to form
the floor regulatory option. More stringent beyond-the-floor regulatory
options reflect other or additional controls capable of achieving
better performance.
As noted above, CAA section 129(a)(5) requires the EPA to conduct a
review of the standards at 5-year intervals and, in accordance with CAA
sections 129 and 111, revise the standards. In conducting periodic
reviews under CAA section 129(a)(5), the EPA attempts to assess the
performance of and variability associated with control measures
affecting emissions performance at sources in the subject source
category (including the installed emissions control equipment), along
with recent developments in practices, processes, and control
technologies, and determines whether it is appropriate to revise the
NSPS and EG. This approach is consistent with the requirement that
standards under CAA section 129(a)(3) ``shall be based on methods and
technologies for removal or destruction of pollutants before, during or
after combustion.'' We do not interpret CAA section 129(a)(5), together
with CAA section 111, as requiring the EPA to recalculate MACT floors
in connection with this periodic review.\2\ This general approach is
similar to the approach taken by the EPA in periodically reviewing CAA
section 111 standards, which, under CAA section 111(b)(1)(B), requires
the EPA, except in specified circumstances, to review NSPS promulgated
under that section every 8 years and to revise the standards if the EPA
determines that it is appropriate to do so.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Elsewhere in the CAA, including under CAA section 112(d)(6),
the EPA is also obliged to undertake periodic reviews. Although the
nature or scope of the periodic review under CAA section 112(d)(6)
is different than under CAA section 129(a)(5), it may be worth
noting that, even under CAA section 112(d)(6), the EPA is not
obligated to recalculate MACT floors in the course of a periodic
review. NRDC v. EPA, 529 F.3d 1077, 1084 (D.C. Cir. 2008); Nat'l
Ass'n for Surface Finishing v. EPA, 795 F.3d 1, 7-9 (D.C. Cir.
2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. What data collection activities were conducted?
The EPA reviewed the inventory of OSWI units developed for the
current standards and performed data gathering to identify additional
units.\3\ The current OSWI rule covers VSMWC and IWI as well as air
curtain incinerators (ACIs) combusting municipal solid waste or
institutional waste. ACIs burning only wood waste, clean lumber, and
yard waste are only subject to opacity requirements in the OSWI rule.
The EPA identified 97 VSMWC, IWI, and ACI units at 84 facilities from
the prior inventory. Data searches to identify additional units
encompassed review of the existing EPA databases, state permit
databases, manufacturers' websites, other government agencies, and
military and police sources.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ An OSWI inventory was developed for the 2005 rulemaking and
included in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The EPA's Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) website
allows users to search for facilities by NSPS subparts.\4\ The ECHO
database provides integrated compliance and enforcement information for
approximately 800,000 regulated facilities nationwide. For facilities
identified by ECHO as subject to the OSWI NSPS, the EPA conducted web
searches and reviewed online state air permits, where available. The
EPA added 20 units at 20 facilities to the OSWI inventory from the ECHO
search results. No emissions data were found for these units.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ See https://echo.epa.gov/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The EPA also searched the 2014 National Emissions Inventory (NEI),
Version 2, to identify facilities with OSWI units. The NEI is a
database that contains information about sources that emit certain air
pollutants, known as ``criteria'' pollutants, their precursors, and
hazardous air pollutants. The database includes estimates of annual air
pollutant emissions from sources in the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The EPA collects
this information and releases an updated version of the NEI database
every 3 years. The NEI also includes information about control devices
and control approaches. Based on the NEI, four units at four facilities
were added to the EPA's inventory of OSWI sources. Emissions data are
available for only three of these units; no emissions data were found
for the remaining unit.
The EPA searched state permit databases and reviewed online
permits, including title V and general permits, to identify additional
OSWI units. Fourteen additional units at 14 facilities were identified
and added to the OSWI inventory as a result of the permit reviews. No
emissions data were found for these units in the permit documents;
however, Pima County Department of Environmental Quality (PDEQ)
provided a recent test report from 2019 for one unit in Arizona.
The EPA reviewed customer lists available on two incinerator
manufacturer websites. These incinerators are small, portable
incinerators, and the customer lists included universities and other
entities. Ten units at 10 facilities were added to the OSWI inventory
from incinerator manufacturer customer lists. Other searches included
the EPA's WebFIRE database, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
website, the National Park Service website, the EPA's Toxics Release
Inventory, and the California Air Resources Board and Air Quality
Maintenance Districts websites. No units were added to the OSWI
inventory from these data sources.
In addition to the OSWI units identified through the data searches
described above, we also considered and included 29 remote incinerators
at 25 facilities and associated emissions test and waste information
collected from commercial and industrial facilities in Alaska (as
further discussed in section II.B of this preamble). Taking these all
together, a total of 174 OSWI units at 157 facilities were identified.
These searches are documented in the memorandum, Documentation of Data
Gathering Efforts for Other Solid Waste Incineration (OSWI) Units,
which is available in the docket for this action.
F. What other relevant background information and data are available?
In addition to inventorying OSWI units, the EPA reviewed the ECHO
and the NEI information, as well as state permit databases, for
representative emissions data for OSWI units. In state permit
databases, we obtained limited information for two OSWI units, both
with capacities greater than 10 TPD (but
[[Page 54183]]
less than 35 TPD), one located at a Texas facility and the other at an
Arizona facility. The information for the Texas facility included an
emissions test report for the nine OSWI pollutants for one OSWI unit,
and the information for the Arizona facility included a test summary
for one OSWI unit. The EPA also obtained limited emissions data (for
the nine pollutants) from the 2014 NEI, Version 2 for three of the four
OSWI units identified in the NEI. The NEI data did not include control
device information for these four units. We also reviewed data
collected during the development of the NSPS and EG for Commercial and
Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) units,\5\ as well as
additional test data submitted by the Alaska Oil and Gas Association
(AOGA) for small remote incinerators (SRI) in Alaska (submitted in
connection with a request that the EPA modify the SRI emission limits
established in the February 7, 2013, final CISWI rule).\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Includes emissions data collected from Phase II of the CISWI
ICR survey used to support the March 21, 2011 CISWI final rule (76
FR 15704) as well as the 2013 CISWI final reconsideration (78 FR
9112, February 7, 2013).
\6\ As further discussed in sections II.B.1 and II.B.2 of this
preamble, the EPA has re-evaluated the applicability of the CISWI
rules to certain incinerators burning more than 30-percent MSW and
is also proposing to revise the OSWI rules such that the OSWI
standards will be applicable to these incinerators, which would be
treated as VSMWC units.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
G. What are the incremental costs and benefits of this action?
We have estimated that this proposed rule will decrease burden by
$57,000 annually. We anticipate about 31 tons per year in emission
reductions in the CAA section 129 pollutants as a result of the
proposed amendments. See section III of this preamble for additional
information.
II. OSWI Review and Proposed Revisions
A. CAA Section 129(a)(5) Review
1. How did the EPA conduct the review under CAA section 129(a)(5)?
In conducting periodic reviews under CAA section 129(a)(5), the EPA
attempts to assess the performance of and variability associated with
control measures affecting emissions performance at sources in the
subject source category (including the installed emissions control
equipment), along with developments in practices, processes, and
control technologies. For development of the proposed rule, the EPA
reviewed available performance data for currently operating OSWI units
or the best representative sources. In reviewing the standards based on
currently available emissions information, we address the CAA section
129(a)(5) review's goals of assessing the performance efficiency of the
installed equipment and ensuring that the emission limits reflect the
performance of the technologies required by the MACT standards. In
addition, we considered whether new technologies and processes and
improvements in practices have been demonstrated at sources subject to
the 2005 OSWI rule.
Our review focused on identifying OSWI units to develop an
inventory of units and evaluating developments in processes and control
technologies that have occurred since the OSWI standards were
promulgated. Where we identified additional units or new developments
at units, we analyzed their emissions and controls and the technical
feasibility, estimated costs, energy implications, and non-air
environmental impacts of any identified controls. We also considered
emission reductions associated with applying each development, if any.
This analysis informed our decision of whether to revise the OSWI
emissions standards. In addition, we considered the appropriateness of
applying controls to new sources versus retrofitting existing sources.
For these purposes, we considered any of the following to be a
development:
Any add-on control technology or other equipment that was
not identified and considered during development of the original
standards;
any improvements in previously identified and considered
add-on control technology or other equipment that could result in
additional emissions reduction;
any process change or pollution prevention alternative
that could be broadly applied to the industry and that was not
identified or considered during development of the original standards;
and
any significant changes in the cost (including cost
effectiveness) of applying controls (including controls the EPA
considered during the development of the original standards).
In addition to reviewing the processes and control technologies
that were considered at the time we originally developed the OSWI
standards, we reviewed, as discussed in sections I.E and I.F of this
preamble, a variety of data sources in our investigation of potential
processes or controls to consider.
2. Results and Proposed Actions From the EPA's CAA Section 129(a)(5)
Review
We identified limited emissions data for three out of four OSWI
units from the NEI, and emissions test data for two new large OSWI
units from state permit documentation that demonstrate compliance with
the OSWI standards through use of add-on control devices similar to
those considered during the original OSWI rule development. From the
limited data available, we did not identify any new developments in
practices, processes, or control technologies for any OSWI units. Based
strictly on our 5-year review analysis, we do not believe that any
changes to the OSWI standards are appropriate, and, accordingly, the
EPA is not proposing any revisions pursuant to CAA section 129(a)(5).
B. What other actions are we proposing?
Although not predicated on the CAA section 129(a)(5) review, the
EPA is taking the opportunity to propose certain changes to the OSWI
standards in light of other developments and our experience with the
CAA section 129 solid waste incinerator rules, as well as
considerations associated with the 2016 remand of the 2005 OSWI
standards. Thus, we are proposing changes to OSWI sub-categories and
related MACT floor recalculations. Additionally, we are proposing other
applicability-related and definitional changes. These proposed
revisions are discussed in sections II.B.1 and II.B.2 of this preamble.
We are also proposing changes to the SSM provisions; the testing,
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; the
applicability of title V permitting for certain ACIs; and miscellaneous
other technical and editorial changes to the regulatory text. These
proposed changes are discussed in sections II.B.3 through II.B.8 of
this preamble.
1. Proposed Revisions to the MACT Floor
We are proposing MACT floor recalculations for the OSWI source
category in light of the 2016 voluntary remand of judicial proceedings
relating to the OSWI standards, as well as public comments regarding
the final OSWI standards (70 FR 74870, December 16, 2005) that raised
issues that, upon further consideration, we believe should be
readdressed. At the time the EPA set the OSWI standards, we lacked
emissions data on OSWI units, and the emission limits were based on
information for similar sources in the hospital, medical, and
infectious waste incineration (HMIWI) unit source
[[Page 54184]]
category, considering the similarities in combustion unit size, design,
operations, and waste composition between OSWI and HMIWI units.\7\ We
have now collected additional information on two new OSWI units
(constructed after the OSWI standards were issued) and emissions
information for certain existing small incineration units located in
Alaska that previously have been regarded as CISWI units, as small
remote incinerators (SRI), but--under this proposal--are treated as
OSWI units.\8\ We are proposing to consider the existing SRI units as
VSMWC units subject to the OSWI standards. In light of the voluntary
remand and the additional data gathered, we are proposing revised
subcategories and MACT standards that better reflect actual emissions
test data from OSWI units and the population of OSWI. These standards
are based, in part, on the size of the OSWI unit. The proposed
standards are more representative of and better reflect the emissions
achievable for new and existing units in each category required under
CAA sections 129(a)(2) and (4).
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\7\ The 2005 MACT standards were developed based on the best
representative sources. For new IWI and VSMWC units, the MACT floor
emission limits were based on emissions information from HMIWIs
similar in size, design, and operation and using medium-efficiency
wet scrubbers for emissions control. For existing IWI and VSMWC
units, the EPA considered the MACT floor based on emissions test
information from small, uncontrolled, modular/starved air municipal
waste combustion (MWC) units that were collected during the MWC
regulatory development process. However, the EPA had also identified
one existing OSWI unit, an IWI unit, with a medium efficiency wet
scrubber. Therefore, the EPA ultimately set beyond-the-floor
standards for existing OSWI reflecting the use of a medium-
efficiency wet scrubber, based on the emission limits that were
achievable considering the available HMIWI data.
\8\ The CISWI NSPS are found at 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC,
and the EG are found at 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD (collectively
the ``CISWI standards''). The CISWI standards initially were
promulgated in 2000 (60 FR 75338) and revised in 2005 (70 FR 55568),
2011 (76 FR 15704), 2013 (78 FR 9112), and 2016 (81 FR 40956). The
CISWI standards generally apply to operating units of commercial or
industrial facilities that combust solid waste (see, e.g., 40 CFR
60.2015 and 60.2265). The CISWI standards cover certain small,
remote incinerators (SRI) that combust three TPD or less of solid
waste and are located more than 25 miles from a MSW landfill (see,
e.g., 40 CFR 60.2265).
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The EPA did not previously address SRI units in the OSWI standards.
At the time the OSWI standards were promulgated, we contemplated
regulating the small incinerators that are located at commercial
businesses or industrial sites as CISWI units under future revisions to
the final CISWI rules (70 FR 74882). Prior to revising the CISWI
standards, we had insufficient information about the small units
operated in the commercial and industrial facilities (e.g., operating
at oil exploration sites or oil-field based camps) to determine if they
could be treated as VSMWC units. In 2010, in connection with a CISWI
rulemaking, the EPA conducted an Information Collection Request (ICR)
to collect data for these small incinerators. The data, however, did
not provide detailed information on the type of waste these units were
burning (i.e., industrial waste or municipal-type waste generated
onsite) and the percentages of each type being combusted. Consistent
with our stated intent during the OSWI rulemaking, the EPA set the
emission standards for the SRI subcategory under the CISWI rule because
such combustion units are located at commercial/industrial facilities
(typically in isolated areas of Alaska).
In June 2017, AOGA submitted to the EPA data that provided
additional information on waste characterization for SRI in Alaska. The
new data indicated that most such units burn more than 30-percent
municipal type solid waste; that is, the type of waste material--
regardless whether it is collected from households, the general public,
institutions, commercial or industrial operations, or some
combination--that is typically regarded as municipal waste.
Based on the new information provided by AOGA in 2017 and a re-
evaluation of the OSWI definition of MSW and related terms, we
reconsidered the dividing line between the OSWI standards and the CISWI
standards. Units that combust more than 30 percent MSW, even units
located at commercial or industrial facilities, that otherwise meet the
definition of VSMWC (as proposed herein), including units with a
capacity of three TPD or less located away from MSW landfills, should
be subject to the OSWI rule instead of the CISWI standards.\9\
Consistent with this revised approach on the coverage or applicability
of the OSWI standards, we have considered the information from AOGA in
recalculating the MACT floors--for certain subcategories of OSWI units.
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\9\ Incinerators that burn less than 30-percent MSW and are
located at an industrial or commercial facility, including SRI,
would remain subject to the CISWI rule. However, the units under
consideration here are burning greater than 30-percent MSW,
according to AOGA members. For a more detailed discussion of OSWI
applicability-related issues and proposals relating to OSWI
definitions, see the discussion in section II.B.2 of this preamble.
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As noted in section I.F of this preamble, we have also gathered
emissions information on two OSWI units constructed since 2005, with
waste capacities greater than 10 TPD (but less than 35 TPD), including
one at a Texas facility and one at a facility in Arizona. Both of these
units are continuously-fed rotary combustors that use add-on air
pollution control devices, including wet and dry scrubbers and fabric
filters, to comply with the current OSWI standards.
In light of the design and compliance information obtained for two
OSWI units (one in Arizona and one in Texas) and the addition of design
and operational information from the CISWI ICR and the AOGA for the SRI
units, we are proposing to subcategorize IWI and VSMWC units based on
size. The two subcategories proposed are large units that have
capacities greater than 10 TPD and small units that have capacities
less than or equal to 10 TPD. For incineration units, differences in
size typically reflect differences in operation and equipment
complexity. Units with capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD
typically feed waste to the unit in batches and some units may not even
be equipped with stacks. Units larger than 10 TPD typically feed waste
to the unit continuously or semi-continuously and also typically have
stacks or flues that can be routed to air pollution control devices.
Therefore, we are proposing subcategories as follows: (1) VSMWC units
with a capacity to combust less than or equal to 10 TPD of MSW or
refuse-derived fuel; (2) IWI units with a capacity to combust less than
or equal to 10 TPD of institutional waste; (3) VSMWC units with a
capacity to combust greater than 10 TPD of MSW or refuse-derived fuel
(but less than 35 TPD); and (4) IWI units with a capacity to combust
greater than 10 TPD of institutional waste. In connection with this
size-based sub-categorization, we are also proposing to add a
definition of ``small OSWI unit,'' a unit with a capacity less than or
equal to 10 TPD. (Accordingly, the term ``small OSWI unit'' will be
used, hereinafter, to refer to units with capacities less than or equal
to ten TPD.)
Based on the updated inventory, emissions, and waste data provided
by AOGA, we have developed revised emission limits for existing small
OSWI units, using the average emission limitation of the best
performing 12 percent of such sources and also considering variability
in emissions, consistent with CAA section 129(a)(2). To calculate the
MACT floor emission limits for small existing OSWI sources, we
considered the available test run data \10\ provided in response to the
2010
[[Page 54185]]
ICR and test data from 2014 submitted in June 2017 by AOGA in their
attempt to address concerns that they had with the 2010 ICR data
pertaining to the emissions test data representativeness and waste
variability. In the MACT floor analysis, we used the run data from the
2010 and 2014 emission tests to calculate the 99th percentile upper
limits (UL) statistical interval for the best 12 percent of such
incineration units for each pollutant to address the range of operating
conditions of the incinerator. The UL is a common statistical interval
used to address variability and was the same statistical interval used
to calculate the CISWI SRI emission limits (76 FR 15723, March 21,
2011).
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\10\ Run data includes the emissions data captured during a
stack test comprising at least three sampling runs.
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In addition to addressing the range of operating conditions of the
incinerator, AOGA noted that the waste profile of the 2010 emissions
test data was not representative of the range of wastes combusted
during normal operations. The AOGA asserted that the testing sites
seemed to misinterpret the goal of the testing and may have prepared
``best case'' waste for the 2010 testing instead of a more
representative waste profile. To address this, accompanying the
additional emission tests conducted in 2014, AOGA also submitted waste
composition and elemental analysis data for nitrogen (N), Cd, Pb, Hg,
chlorine, and sulfur in the wastes combusted (sometimes also referred
to as the ``fuel'' in similar fuel variability factor (FVF)
calculations used in boiler and CISWI standards for certain
pollutants). We applied the EPA's previous analytical approach of
calculating FVF to calculate an analogous ``waste variability factor''
(WVF) for small OSWI units since these units are not designed to co-
fire waste with coal or other solid fuels, and applied this WVF to the
99-percentile UL calculation for the six pollutants that are influenced
directly by waste composition; Cd, HCl, Pb, Hg, SO2, and
NOX. A detailed discussion of the emission limit calculation
can be found in the memorandum, OSWI Emission Limit Calculations for
Existing and New Sources, which is available in the docket for this
action.
The new proposed emission limits for the pollutants regulated under
CAA section 129(a)(4) (Cd, HCl, Pb, Hg, SO2, NOX,
PM, DF, and CO) are shown in Table 2 of this preamble. We are providing
two options for limits for DF, one based on the total mass basis (TMB)
and one based on the toxic equivalency factor (TEQ). As we have done
for other CAA section 129 standards, sources may meet one or the other
of the DF limits, but are not required to meet both. We are proposing
to apply these revised emission limits for small VSMWC and IWI units
(with capacity less than or equal to 10 TPD of solid waste), as the
data reflect our best knowledge of existing OSWI units of this size.
Table 2--Revised OSWI Standards for Existing Small OSWI Units \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revised
Pollutant Concentration units emission limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cd................................ [micro]g/dscm \2\... 2,000
HCl............................... ppmvd \3\........... 500
Pb................................ [micro]g/dscm....... 32,000
Hg................................ [micro]g/dscm....... 69
SO2............................... Ppmvd............... 130
NOX............................... Ppmvd............... 210
PM................................ mg/dscm............. 280
DF (TMB) \4\...................... ng/dscm \5\......... 4,700
DF (TEQ) \4\...................... ng/dscm............. 86
CO................................ Ppmvd............... 220
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Emission limits are for small existing VSMWC and IWI units with
capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD.
\2\ Micrograms per dry standard cubic meters.
\3\ Parts per million by dry volume.
\4\ For DF, you must meet either the TMB limit or the TEQ limit.
\5\ Nanograms per dry standard cubic meters.
We are also proposing to revise the MACT floors for new, small OSWI
units (both VSMWC and IWI). Section 129(a)(2) of the CAA requires that
MACT for new sources be no less stringent than the emissions control
achieved in practice by the best controlled similar unit. Therefore,
the approach for new sources was similar to that used with the existing
sources (i.e., 99 percentile UL with FVF applied for the pollutants
influenced by waste composition), except the top performing unit's data
were used to calculate the MACT floor emission limit instead of the
average of the best performing 12 percent of units. A detailed
discussion of the emission limit calculation can be found in the
memorandum, OSWI Emission Limit Calculations for Existing and New
Sources, which is available in the docket for this action. The new
source emission limits are shown in Table 3 of this preamble.
Table 3--Revised OSWI Standards for New Small OSWI Units \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revised
Pollutant Concentration units emission limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cd................................ [micro]g/dscm....... 400
HCl............................... ppmvd............... 210
Pb................................ [micro]g/dscm....... 26,000
Hg................................ [micro]g/dscm....... 12
SO2............................... ppmvd............... 38
NOX............................... ppmvd............... 180
PM................................ mg/dscm............. 210
DF (TMB).......................... ng/dscm............. 3,100
[[Page 54186]]
DF (TEQ).......................... ng/dscm............. 40
CO................................ ppmvd............... 69
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Emission limits are for small new VSMWC and IWI units with
capacities less than or equal to 10 TPD.
For OSWI units that are not small OSWI units, we have not
recalculated the MACT floors and are not proposing any changes to the
emissions limitations. As mentioned before, large VSMWC and IWI units
(with capacities greater than 10 TPD) have a different design and mode
of operation than small OSWI units. We do not have sufficient
information on these units that would enable us to revise the MACT
floor for these existing OSWI units, and we are not proposing any
changes to the current OSWI limits for existing sources for these
units. Emissions data for two units in this size category demonstrate
that sources require use of add-on control devices similar to those
considered in the development of the 2005 OSWI standards to meet the
emission limits, which supports our decision to retain the 2005 OSWI
emission limits for this OSWI subcategory. Information provided on the
units shows that the units are meeting the current OSWI emission limits
and are in compliance with the current rule. We are not proposing any
changes to the current OSWI emission limits for VSMWC and IWI units
with capacities greater than 10 TPD (new and existing).
The EPA also examined whether it was appropriate to adopt more
stringent ``beyond-the-floor'' regulatory options to determine MACT.
Unlike the floor minimum stringency requirements, the EPA must consider
various impacts of the more stringent regulatory options in determining
whether MACT standards are to reflect ``beyond-the-floor''
requirements, including considering the costs, non-air quality health
and environmental impacts, and energy requirements of such more
stringent control. Small OSWI units often are of very basic,
rudimentary design and function, as discussed in section II.B.4 of this
preamble. Requiring additional controls on small OSWI units is
infeasible or simply would be cost prohibitive. For OSWI units with
capacities greater than 10 TPD, the 2005 final rule already
incorporated beyond-the-floor requirements. We do not have sufficient
information for large OSWI units that would enable us to revise the
beyond the floor limits in this action. However, based on the
information we have from the 2005 rule, requiring any further controls
would likely only provide minimal emissions reductions with substantial
cost investments. Considering these factors, we concluded that revised
beyond-the-floor limits are unreasonable for the OSWI subcategories. A
more detailed discussion of the beyond-the-floor analyses is provided
in the memordandum, OSWI Emission Limit Calculations for Existing and
New Sources, which is available in the docket for this action.
In the 2005 final OSWI rule, we also established opacity standards
for ACI units that would otherwise meet the definitions of IWI or VSMWC
units, but burn only 100-percent wood wastes, 100-percent clean lumber,
100-percent yard waste, or 100-percent mixture of only wood waste,
clean lumber, and yard waste. We are not proposing any changes to the
opacity standards for these units. However, ACIs that do not burn only
100-percent wood wastes, clean lumber, or yard wastes and that would
meet the definition of an IWI or VSMWC unit would be required to meet
the applicable OSWI standards.
The emission limits, including the proposed revised limits for
small OSWI units and the (unchanged) limits for units with capacities
greater than 10 TPD, are summarized in Table 4 of this preamble.
Table 4--Limits for OSWI Units, Including Proposed Limits for Small OSWI Units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Existing VSMWC and IWI units New VSMWC and IWI units
Pollutant Concentration ---------------------------------------------------------------
units Small \1\ Large \2\ Small \1\ Large \2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cd............................ [micro]g/dscm... 2,000 18 400 18
HCl........................... ppmvd........... 500 15 210 15
Pb............................ [micro]g/dscm... 32,000 226 26,000 226
Hg............................ [micro]g/dscm... 69 74 12 74
SO2........................... ppmvd........... 130 3.1 38 3.1
NOX........................... ppmvd........... 210 103 180 103
PM............................ mg/dscm......... 280 30 210 30
DF (TMB)...................... ng/dscm......... 4,700 33 3,100 33
DF (TEQ)...................... ng/dscm......... 86 -\3\ 40 -\3\
CO............................ ppmvd........... 220 40 69 40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Small units include those with capacity less than or equal to 10 TPD.
\2\ Limit basis is from 2005 OSWI Rule. For PM, the 2005 OSWI standard is shown as mg/dscm rather than grains
per dscf.
\3\ DF TEQ basis was not calculated for the 2005 rule.
2. Proposed Revisions to Applicability of OSWI Requirements
We are proposing two changes to the applicability of the OSWI
standards in order to resolve inconsistent definitions between OSWI and
other CAA section 129 rulemakings, and update aspects of the rule that
we have reconsidered based on new data. The proposed changes include
(1) removing the definition of the term ``collected from'' as used in,
and limiting the definition of, ``municipal solid waste'' in order to
place the focus on the source and type or nature of the waste, rather
than the manner in which is it ``collected'' and (2) modifying the OSWI
definition of
[[Page 54187]]
``municipal waste combustion unit'' to make it clear that pyrolysis/
combustion units are not OSWI units.
First, we are clarifying that the applicability of the OSWI
standards to VSMWC units is based on the source and type or nature of
waste incinerated rather than the particular manner in which the waste
is collected. The regulatory history of the MWC rules indicates that
the EPA intended to determine the applicability of the MWC rule based
on the type of waste combusted in a unit and not based on the location
of the incineration unit (54 FR 52261, December 20, 1989). The 2005
OSWI rule finalized a definition of ``municipal solid waste'' that was
similar to the definition of ``municipal waste'' provided in CAA
section 129(g)(5), but interpreted this, for the purposes of VSMWC
applicability under OSWI, to mean that the municipal waste must be
``collected from'' certain or multiple sites. We have since re-
evaluated our interpretation in OSWI where the rule explains municipal
waste must be limited to those collected from outside the site of the
incinerator. Other existing CAA section 129 incinerator rules do not
necessarily place the same emphasis on where the waste is collected.
The principal MWC rules, for example, do not focus on or even define
``collected from,'' and, instead, more broadly include materials
discarded by a wide range of sources, regardless of how or where the
waste may be ``collected'' (see, e.g., 40 CFR 60.51b and 60.1465). We
are proposing to modify the definitions in the OSWI standards to remove
the specific definition of ``collected from'' and, thus, to eliminate
the limitation that waste may not be burned at the same site where it
is generated in order for it to be considered MSW.
We are, accordingly, proposing a different approach to the
treatment of MSW under the OSWI standards than we opted to pursue when
the standards were promulgated. There, we stated that ``small
incinerators that are located at commercial business (such as stores,
restaurants and apartments) or industrial sites are not VSMWC units
because they do not burn waste which has been `collected from.' '' (70
FR 74882). Under this proposal, such incinerators would no longer be
subject to this ``collected from'' limitation and would qualify as
VSMWC (provided these units burn more than 30-percent MSW).\11\ We
believe this approach is more consistent with the EPA's other CAA
section 129 MWC rules. We also believe, on further review, that this
approach is more consistent with the CAA section 129 definition of
``municipal waste.'' Section 129(g)(5) of the CAA essentially defines
the term ``municipal waste'' to mean refuse ``collected from the
general public and from residential, commercial, institutional, and
industrial sources consisting of paper, wood, yard wastes, food wastes,
plastics, leather, rubber and other combustible materials and non-
combustible materials such as metal, glass and rock.'' We do not read
this definition as necessitating that, to constitute MSW, the material
or refuse must be a cumulative collection of refuse from each and every
one of the sources identified (that is, the ``general public,''
``residential,'' or ``commercial'' sources) or even necessarily of
multiple such sources. Moreover, the term ``collected from'' is not
defined in the CAA, and we do not read it as necessarily requiring (for
waste to be considered MSW) that the waste must be transferred from one
site and burned at another site.
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\11\ An incinerator is not considered to be combusting MSW ``if
it combusts a fuel feed stream, 30 percent or less of the weight of
which is comprised, in aggregate, of municipal solid waste.'' See,
e.g., 40 CFR 60.2977.
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Next, we are proposing to revise the OSWI definition of ``municipal
waste combustion unit'' to remove the reference to ``pyrolysis/
combustion units.'' The term is not defined in the current regulation
and there is no similar specific reference to such units in the
institutional waste incineration unit definition. In the preamble to
the OSWI standards, we briefly stated that ``pyrolysis/combustion units
(two chamber incinerators with a starved air primary chamber followed
by an afterburner to complete combustion) within the VSMWC and IWI
subcategories are considered OSWI units'' (70 FR 74876 and 74877). In
the recent past, however, the EPA has received several inquiries about
OSWI applicability to pyrolysis/combustion units, and we believe that
there is considerable confusion in the regulated community regarding
the reference to pyrolysis/combustion units in the definition of
municipal waste combustion unit. Upon further review of the language in
the final OSWI rule (70 FR 74876 and 74877), we believe the reference
to pyrolysis/combustion units as MWC should not apply to OSWI units
because such units are used to combust uncontained gases and do not
involve the combustion of solid waste as defined in the OSWI rule. See
70 FR 74877 (where we noted that units that are used to combust
uncontained gases and are not used to dispose of solid waste generally
are not subject to the OSWI standards).
An OSWI unit is either a VSMWC or an IWI, and both types of units
combust ``solid waste.'' Solid waste includes solid, liquid, and
semisolid material. Solid waste also includes ``contained gaseous
material,'' defined as gases that are in a container when that
container is combusted (40 CFR 60.2977, 60.3078).
The combustion of uncontained gases in pyrolysis/combustion units
is inconsistent with the definition of solid waste and the associated
definition of ``contained gaseous material'' in OSWI, and therefore,
with solid waste combustion for the purpose of the OSWI rule. The EPA
understands pyrolysis to be a process that takes place in an inert
environment. In a closely coupled pyrolysis/combustion chamber, the
gaseous material comes out of the pyrolysis chamber and immediately is
incinerated in the combustion chamber. The pyrolysis gas is not placed
into a container and then combusted. Therefore, the pyrolysis gas in
the closely coupled pyrolysis/combustion chamber is not ``contained
gaseous material,'' as referenced in the definition of solid waste. We
noted in connection with the promulgation of the OSWI standards that
thermal oxidizers, catalytic oxidizers, and flameless thermal oxidizers
are not considered to be subject to the OSWI rule if these units are
used to combust uncontained gas from an industrial process (70 FR
74877). Moreover, unlike combustion, the pyrolysis process is
endothermic and does not require the addition of oxygen (i.e. the
partial pressure of oxygen during a pyrolysis process is maintained
close to zero). Based on this understanding, we recognize that the
pyrolysis process, by itself, is not combustion. In summary, because
the pyrolysis itself is not combustion and pyrolysis gases are not a
``solid waste'' under OSWI, a pyrolysis-combustion unit should not be
referenced in the definition of MWC unit for the purposes of the OSWI
rule.\12\ Accordingly, we are
[[Page 54188]]
proposing to revise the definition of ``municipal waste combustion
unit'' in 40 CFR 60.2977 and 40 CFR 60.3078 to remove the reference to
``pyrolysis/combustion units'' from the definition, reflecting our view
that such units should not be regarded as municipal waste combustion
units under the OSWI rule.
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\12\ Discarded material that is processed in such a unit would
still be a solid waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), and, therefore, subject to state RCRA Subtitle D solid
waste management program requirements. In the case of hazardous
waste, RCRA sections 3002(a) and 3004(a) grant the EPA the authority
to control gaseous emissions from hazardous waste management as may
be necessary to protect human health and the environment. RCRA
sections 3004(n), and (o)(1)(B), further direct the EPA to regulate
air emissions from, respectively, hazardous waste treatment, storage
and disposal facilities, and hazardous waste incinerators. The
authority provided in RCRA section 3004(q) to regulate fuel produced
from hazardous waste also encompasses gaseous fuels (when they are
produced from hazardous wastes). The authority provided in RCRA
section 3004(u) to control ``releases'' of hazardous constituents
from solid waste management units at a facility seeking a RCRA
permit also encompasses gaseous releases (when the gases are
hazardous constituents). The authority granted under these sections
of the statute is independent of the EPA's authorities over solid
waste. As an example, the EPA has authority to regulate emissions
generated during treatment of hazardous waste, including
volatilization and incineration of hazardous waste.
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3. Proposed Removal of SSM Provisions
Currently, the OSWI standards do not apply during SSM periods (see
40 CFR 60.2918, 60.3025). The EPA proposes to eliminate this limitation
or qualification on the applicability of the OSWI standards. The EPA
proposes this change in light of the 2016 remand and certain legal
developments, including a decision by the D.C. Circuit that invalidated
certain regulations related to SSM in the 40 CFR part 63 General
Provisions (Sierra Club v. EPA, 551 F.3d 1019 (2008)). While the
decision did not specifically address the SSM provisions in the OSWI
standards, it calls those provisions into question.
We are not proposing separate emission standards for OSWI units
that would apply during SSM periods. We determined that OSWI units will
be able to meet the emission limits during periods of startup because
most units burn natural gas or clean distillate oil to start, and waste
is not added until the unit has reached combustion temperatures.
Emissions from burning natural gas or distillate fuel oil would
generally be significantly lower than from burning solid wastes. During
shutdown periods, emissions are also generally significantly lower than
emissions during normal operations because the materials in the
incinerator will be almost fully combusted before shutdown occurs.
Control of the lower emissions during startup and shutdown should be
able to be accomplished using the same technological controls required
for emissions during normal operations. Furthermore, the approach for
establishing the revised MACT floors for OSWI units ranked individual
OSWI or similar units based on actual performance for each pollutant,
with an appropriate accounting of emissions variability. Because we
accounted for emissions variability and established appropriate
averaging times to determine compliance with the proposed OSWI
standards, we believe we have adequately addressed any minor
variability that may potentially occur during startup or shutdown.
However, we note that we do not have available data for OSWI units
during periods of startup and shutdown. We request comment on the
proposed removal of the SSM provisions and the proposal to leave in
place the OSWI standards during SSM periods, including any additional
information for consideration for startup and shutdown periods for OSWI
units.
Periods of startup, normal operations, and shutdown are all
predictable and routine aspects of a source's operations. Malfunctions,
in contrast, are neither predictable nor routine. Instead they are, by
definition, sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failures
of emissions control, process, or monitoring equipment (see 40 CFR
60.2). The EPA interprets CAA section 129 as not requiring emissions
that occur during periods of malfunction to be factored into
development of CAA section 129 standards. Under CAA section 129,
emissions standards for new sources must be no less stringent than the
level ``achieved'' by the best controlled similar source and for
existing sources generally must be no less stringent than the average
emission limitation ``achieved'' by the best performing 12 percent of
sources in the category. There is nothing in CAA section 129 that
directs the Agency to consider malfunctions in determining the level
``achieved'' by the best performing sources when setting emission
standards. As the D.C. Circuit has recognized, the phrase ``average
emissions limitation achieved by the best performing 12 percent of''
sources ``says nothing about how the performance of the best units is
to be calculated.'' Nat'l Ass'n of Clean Water Agencies v. EPA, 734
F.3d 1115, 1141 (DC Cir. 2013). While the EPA accounts for variability
in setting emissions standards, nothing in CAA section 129 requires the
Agency to consider malfunctions as part of that analysis. The EPA is
not required to treat a malfunction in the same manner as the type of
variation in performance that occurs during routine operations of a
source. A malfunction is a failure of the source to perform in a
``normal or usual manner'' and no statutory language compels the EPA to
consider such events in setting CAA section 129 standards. The EPA's
approach to malfunctions in the analogous circumstances (setting
``achievable'' standards under CAA section 112) has been upheld as
reasonable by the D.C. Circuit in U.S. Sugar Corp. v. EPA, 830 F.3d
579, 606-610 (2016).
As the D.C. Circuit recognized in U.S. Sugar Corp., accounting for
malfunctions in setting standards would be difficult, if not
impossible, given the myriad different types of malfunctions that can
occur across all sources in the category and given the difficulties
associated with predicting or accounting for the frequency, degree, and
duration of various malfunctions that might occur. Id. at 608 (``the
EPA would have to conceive of a standard that could apply equally to
the wide range of possible boiler malfunctions, ranging from an
explosion to minor mechanical defects. Any possible standard is likely
to be hopelessly generic to govern such a wide array of
circumstances.'') As such, the performance of units that are
malfunctioning is not ``reasonably'' foreseeable. See, e.g., Sierra
Club v. EPA, 167 F.3d 658, 662 (D.C. Cir. 1999) (``The EPA typically
has wide latitude in determining the extent of data-gathering necessary
to solve a problem. We generally defer to an agency's decision to
proceed on the basis of imperfect scientific information, rather than
to `invest the resources to conduct the perfect study. '') See also,
Weyerhaeuser v. Costle, 590 F.2d 1011, 1058 (D.C. Cir. 1978) (``In the
nature of things, no general limit, individual permit, or even any
upset provision can anticipate all upset situations. After a certain
point, the transgression of regulatory limits caused by `uncontrollable
acts of third parties,' such as strikes, sabotage, operator
intoxication or insanity, and a variety of other eventualities, must be
a matter for the administrative exercise of case-by-case enforcement
discretion, not for specification in advance by regulation.''). In
addition, emissions during a malfunction event can be significantly
higher than emissions at any other time of source operation. For
example, if an air pollution control device with 99-percent removal
goes off-line as a result of a malfunction (as might happen if, for
example, the bags in a baghouse catch fire) and the emission unit is a
steady state type unit that would take days to shut down, the source
would go from 99-percent control to zero control until the control
device was repaired. The source's emissions during the malfunction
would be 100 times higher than during normal operations. As such, the
emissions over a 4-day malfunction period would exceed the annual
emissions of the source during normal operations. As this example
illustrates,
[[Page 54189]]
accounting for malfunctions could lead to standards that are not
reflective of (and significantly less stringent than) levels that are
achieved by a well-performing non-malfunctioning source. It is
reasonable to interpret CAA section 129 to avoid such a result. The
EPA's approach to malfunctions is consistent with CAA section 129 and
is a reasonable interpretation of the statute.
Although no statutory language compels the EPA to set standards for
malfunctions, the EPA has the discretion to do so where feasible. For
example, in the Petroleum Refinery Sector Risk and Technology Review,
the EPA established a work practice standard for unique types of
malfunction that result in releases from pressure relief devices or
emergency flaring events because the EPA had information to determine
that such work practices reflected the level of control that applies to
the best performers. 80 FR 75178, 75211 through 14 (December 1, 2015).
The EPA will consider whether circumstances warrant setting standards
for a particular type of malfunction and, if so, whether the EPA has
sufficient information to identify the relevant best performing sources
and establish a standard for such malfunctions. We note that there are
no provisions for establishing work practice standards under CAA
section 129.
In the event that a source fails to comply with the applicable CAA
section 129 standards as a result of a malfunction event, the EPA would
determine an appropriate response based on, among other things, the
good faith efforts of the source to minimize emissions during
malfunction periods, including preventative and corrective actions, as
well as root cause analyses to ascertain and rectify excess emissions.
The EPA would also consider whether the source's failure to comply with
the CAA section 129 standard was, in fact, sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable, and was not instead caused, in part, by poor
maintenance or careless operation. 40 CFR 60.2 (definition of
malfunction).
If the EPA determines in a particular case that an enforcement
action against a source for violation of an emission standard is
warranted, the source can raise any and all defenses in that
enforcement action and the federal district court will determine what,
if any, relief is appropriate. The same is true for citizen enforcement
actions. Similarly, the presiding officer in an administrative
proceeding can consider any defense raised and determine whether
administrative penalties are appropriate.
In summary, the EPA's interpretation of the CAA and, in particular,
CAA section 129, is reasonable and encourages practices that will avoid
malfunctions. Administrative and judicial procedures for addressing
exceedances of the standards fully recognize that violations may occur
despite good faith efforts to comply and can accommodate those
situations. U.S. Sugar Corp. v. EPA, 830 F.3d 579, 606-610 (2016).
For these reasons, we are proposing to remove and reserve 40 CFR
60.2918 and 40 CFR 60.3025, which provided exceptions for SSM. We are
proposing minor harmonizing revisions to other rule requirements that
reference SSM, such as revisions to the definition of ``Deviation'' to
remove language for periods of SSM, for consistency with these changes.
4. Proposed Revisions to Testing and Compliance
For small OSWI units, we are proposing alternatives to conducting
the initial and annual performance tests and to remove the requirements
to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous emissions
monitoring systems (CEMS). The OSWI standards currently require owners
and operators of OSWI units to conduct initial and annual performance
tests to demonstrate compliance (40 CFR 60.2927, 60.2932 and 60.3030,
60.3033). Owners and operators may conduct performance tests less often
than annually for a given pollutant if they are able to demonstrate
compliance with the emissions limitations for three consecutive annual
tests (40 CFR 60.2934, 60.3035). The OSWI standards also require CEMS
for CO and oxygen (40 CFR 60.2939, 60.3038).
We are proposing a new substitute means of compliance demonstration
for small OSWI units, as we recognize that testing can impose
substantial financial burdens and technical challenges on owners and
operators of these sources. Based on the limited information available,
we expect that most OSWI units are likely small incinerators that are
not equipped with stacks from which to sample emissions during a
performance test, and a stack or extension would be needed in order to
perform the testing required by the OSWI standards. In some instances,
it physically may not be possible to equip the incinerator with a
stack, and in other cases, costs for doing so may be prohibitive.
Transporting, installing, and supporting the extension for testing in
the field can present additional issues, such as space or property
constraints that may require additional construction of scaffolding,
ducting, or modifications to underlying structures to install the
appropriate extensions and sampling ports.\13\ Additionally, many of
these small OSWI units are located in remote and difficult to access
areas of the country, and it is difficult to mobilize stack testing
crews to some of these locations.
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\13\ The OSWI standards are found in 40 CFR part 60, subparts
EEEE (NSPS) and FFFF (EG). In addition, subpart A (General
Provisions) of part 60 contains various generally-applicable
provisions, including provisions relating to performance testing
(see, for example, 40 CFR 60.8). These generally-applicable
performance testing provisions require, in part, owners and
operators to provide performance testing facilities, including
sampling ports. We believe, however, that for small OSWI units there
could be significant challenges to conducting such modifications in
the field to fit units at every site. In any event, the application
of the General Provisions in subpart A to the other part 60 subparts
is subordinate to the specific provisions found in the other
subparts, such as the OSWI standards. See, for example, 40 CFR
60.8(b) (performance test shall be conducted in accordance with the
methods and procedures in each applicable subpart), 60.8(f)
(performance testing shall be conducted in a prescribed manner,
unless otherwise specified in the applicable subpart), and 60.11
(compliance shall be determined in accordance with 40 CFR 60.8,
unless otherwise specified in the applicable standard). Moreover,
the EPA retains the authority to limit or modify the application of
subpart A in subsequent rulemaking, including rulemaking relating to
other part 60 subparts, such as the OSWI standards. In the event of
a conflict between the performance testing provision of subpart A
and the provisions of subparts EEEE and FFFF, the provisions of the
source specific subparts (here, EEEE and FFFF) control.
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These technical and economic infeasibilities are magnified for
existing sources, which have previously installed units that may have
never been equipped with a stack and for which additional space or
property modifications may be infeasible. Further, owners and operators
may find it economically infeasible to conduct initial or annual
performance tests of these small units due to the cost of stack
testing. We believe that similar difficulties may arise in connection
with monitoring, including installation and operation of CEMS. Although
we recognize these challenges exist for certain sources, adequate
demonstration of initial and on-going compliance is necessary.\14\
Therefore, we are proposing alternatives to the testing and monitoring
requirements to provide
[[Page 54190]]
regulatory flexibilities for small OSWI units.
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\14\ CAA 129(c) requires, in part, the EPA to include emissions
monitoring as part of solid waste incinerator standards. This
requirement has been construed as requiring assurance of compliance
with emission standards. Nat'l Ass'n of Clean Water Agencies v. EPA,
734 F.3d 1115, 1160 (DC Cir. 2013). The EPA believes that, for the
other solid waste incineration source category, the package of
testing, monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements
associated with the proposed substitute means of compliance testing
for small OSWI units will adequately assure compliance with the
standards.
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At present, the OSWI standards require new sources to conduct
initial performance testing within 60 days after the OSWI unit reaches
the charge rate by which it will operate, but not later than 180 days
after initial startup (40 CFR 60.2928); existing sources must conduct
initial performance testing no later than 180 days after the final
compliance date. We are proposing to retain this requirement, but we
are also proposing--for small OSWI units--to add a substitute means of
compliance demonstration, under which such initial performance testing
would not be required. In lieu of that initial performance testing,
owners and operators of small OSWI units would have the option to
submit detailed information concerning the unit--including the make,
model and manufacturer of the unit, and the type and capacity of the
unit, information on the unit's air pollution control devices (if any),
waste type and quantity information, and the charge rate--and to
identify in the EPA's WebFIRE database a representative performance
test.\15\ The test must be representative for the small OSWI unit in
terms of similar throughput, method of processing and burning waste,
operating temperatures, types of wastes or supplemental fuels burned,
and waste profiles. If there is no representative performance test
available in the WebFIRE database, the small OSWI unit cannot use the
substitute means of compliance demonstration and must comply with the
initial performance testing requirements.
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\15\ Some tests in the WebFIRE database may not qualify for use
as a representative performance test. Representative performance
tests must be conducted according to the requirements in the OSWI
rule, demonstrate compliance with the OSWI standards, and include
the following information in the report: Unit design (including air
pollution control devices), charge rate during the test, type of
operation, combustion temperature during the test, types of waste
burned during the test and the relative amount of each waste to the
total waste burned, type and amount of supplemental fuels used
during the test, and, if the tested unit has an air pollution
control device, the operating parameter data for the control device
during the test.
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To use this alternative option, the owner/operator must submit a
notification including the manufacturer, make, model, and type of unit,
and documentation that the capacity of the unit is less than or equal
to 10 TPD. We are proposing that owners and operators of new small OSWI
units (constructed after August 31, 2020) and small OSWI units modified
or reconstructed six months after the effective date of the final rule
would be required to either complete their initial performance test
within 60 days after the unit reaches the charge rate at which it will
operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup,\16\ or
submit a notification of intention to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration to the Administrator within 6 months after the
date of publication of the final rule (currently estimated by the EPA--
depending on the actual date of publication of the final rule--to be on
or about November 30, 2021), or within 60 days after initial startup,
whichever of these dates is later. Owners and operators of existing
small units (constructed on or before August 31, 2020) would not be
required to submit a notification of intention to the Administrator,
but would be required to identify the results of an existing
performance test in the EPA's WebFIRE that is representative of their
OSWI unit or conduct an initial performance test, no later than 3 years
after a state plan is approved or no later than 5 years after the date
of promulgation of the final rule, whichever of these dates is earlier.
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\16\ For units that start-up between August 31, 2020 and the
date that is 6 months after publication of the final rule, the
initial performance test must be conducted within 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no
later than 180 days after its initial startup, or by the date 240
days after publication of the final rule (currently estimated by the
EPA to be on or about February 28, 2022), whichever date is later.
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The proposed substitute means of compliance demonstration relies on
the availability of the results of performance tests conducted on
potentially representative sources in the EPA's WebFIRE database. One
way the EPA envisions this option could be implemented is through one
or more testing coordinators that would develop a testing protocol and
conduct performance tests for representative units from similar source
groups.17 18 For example, each owner/operator opting to use
the substitute means of compliance demonstration would submit to a
testing coordinator information on its small OSWI unit, including unit
design, operations information and waste profiles. It is our
expectation that the testing coordinator would review the data provided
and identify a representative unit for each similar source group,
establish the waste profile for the similar source group, and
coordinate and/or conduct the performance test on the representative
unit from the similar source group. The results of the test could then
be used to demonstrate initial compliance by owners and operators of
any small OSWI unit for which the test is representative. To aid
implementation of this option, the EPA intends to provide a grant or
contract to testing coordinators. To conserve resources, if there are
multiple testing coordinators, the testing coordinators should work
together in conducting performance tests in order to provide
performance test results that will be representative for the largest
number of small OSWI units.
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\17\ A ``testing coordinator'' may be, for example, a state or
university that would collect waste data from a group of sources,
form similar groups of facilities based of the information provided,
develop a testing protocol, and conduct performance tests for
representative units from similar source groups.
\18\ ``Similar source groups'' may include units of similar
throughput, method of processing and burning waste, operating
temperatures, waste variability, and estimated waste profiles. It is
expected that a performance test conducted on one unit in a similar
source group would likely be representative for all of the units in
the similar source group. The proposed option would allow for a
testing coordinator to have some latitude to determine what
constitutes a similar source group. For example, the testing
coordinator would have the discretion to test representative units
for existing sources (constructed on or before August 31, 2020), and
new sources (constructed after August 31, 2020), from similar source
groups separately. Alternatively, the testing coordinator might be
able to select a new source (e.g., a model unit constructed after
August 31, 2020, that has a similar design that would be carried
forward into future years) from a similar source group that is also
similar to existing sources. In this latter case, if the new unit
tested is able to demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions
limits for VSMWC and IWI units under the NSPS and EG, then both the
existing and new units described by the similar source group may be
able to use the test data to demonstrate initial compliance.
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Another way that the EPA envisions this representative testing
alternative might be implemented is if owners and operators of small
OSWI units that are similar in design and operation and burn the same
waste types combine resources. One small OSWI unit in the group would
be tested, and once the results are available in WebFIRE, that
performance test would be used to demonstrate initial compliance for
any small OSWI unit for which the test is representative.
Beginning on the effective date for new sources (6 months after
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register), and until the
owner/operator identifies a representative performance test, each
owner/operator of a small OSWI unit would be required to collect data
on a weekly basis to characterize the unit operations and the waste
profiles for the OSWI unit. The waste profile information would be used
to capture the differing waste streams and waste variability for the
unit in order to develop a representative waste profile. The owner/
operator would use these data to locate the results of a representative
performance test in the
[[Page 54191]]
EPA's WebFIRE database. The owner/operator would submit information on
the representative performance test and documentation of how the
performance test is representative for their small OSWI unit (e.g.,
based on the unit type and design, charge rate, operating temperatures,
types of waste burned, and any air pollution control devices) to the
Administrator through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) using the
Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). Owners and
operators would maintain a record (i.e., copy) of the representative
performance test report (acquired from the EPA's WebFIRE database) and
the submitted documentation of how the test is representative.
Because we anticipate this approach would need to afford time for
testing coordinators to determine similar source groups, develop
testing protocols, and coordinate with each other, owners and operators
of existing and new small units who wish to use the substitute means of
compliance demonstration are encouraged to submit their notification of
intent to use the substitute means of compliance demonstration and
identify their waste variability and waste characterization and profile
data as soon as possible following the promulgation of the final rule.
We note that, if this alternative initial compliance option is
finalized, owners and operators who do not provide their initial waste
characterization data to a testing coordinator in a timely manner could
miss the opportunity to avail themselves of this option due to the
amount of planning, time, and resources required for coordinators to
perform these tests as well as the fact that their unit may not be of
the similar source group tested. Owners and operators who cannot find a
representative test conducted for a unit that is similar to their units
would be required to conduct their own initial performance tests.
Because the compliance date for new sources is earlier than the
compliance date for existing sources, and it is uncertain how many
tests could be conducted with the EPA-supplied grant or contract money,
owners and operators of existing sources are encouraged to start
collecting information that would be useful in conducting similar
sources tests and submit this information to the testing coordinators
as soon as possible. This will greatly increase the likelihood that a
representative test is available in the WebFIRE database prior the
compliance deadline.\19\
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\19\ When deciding the sources to test, a testing coordinator
has multiple options: (1) Select an existing source similar to other
existing sources; (2) select a unit that is representative of both
new and existing sources; (3) select a new source that is similar to
other new sources; and (4) select a unit with a design that would be
carried forward into future years. The decision on which sources
will be tested will be based in part on the pool of data that is
available to the testing coordinator at the time that the testing
protocols are developed. If the testing coordinator does not have
data on existing sources, it may not be feasible to conduct
performance tests that are representative for any existing units. If
a performance test is conducted on an existing unit, it must, among
other things, demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions
limits for new units in order for a new unit to use it as a
representative performance test.
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We anticipate that the testing coordinators would be able to
complete testing on OSWI units that are representative of most existing
and new small units and submit the results of the testing within 18
months of the date of publication of the final rule. The testing
results for these potentially representative units will be submitted to
the EPA's CEDRI, and would then be available to owners and operators in
the EPA's WebFIRE database. (See section II.B.6 of this preamble for a
discussion of electronic reporting.) We are proposing a time period of
21 months following the date of publication of the final rule in the
Federal Register or 60 days after the OSWI unit reaches the maximum
charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after
initial startup, whichever date is later, for owners and operators of
small OSWI unts to identify a representative performance test in
WebFIRE and submit information to the Administator identifying the
representative performance test. This period allows time for a testing
coordinator conducting the test to develop the testing protocol,
conduct performance tests, and electronically submit the results of the
test through CEDRI; for the EPA to transfer these results to the EPA's
WebFIRE database; and for owners and operators to find a representative
performance test and submit information on how it is representative to
the Administrator.
For demonstrating continuous compliance, we are also proposing, for
small OSWI units, an alternative waste characterization option in lieu
of the current annual performance testing requirements, as many of the
concerns about the availability or feasibility of initial testing for
small OSWI units also apply to annual testing. We are proposing the
alternative continuous compliance option for small OSWI units in lieu
of annual testing (or the requirements to conduct testing less often
than annual for specific pollutants) because the option is a more
readily available compliance option for units with rudimentary designs
or units without a stack and the costs associated with waste stream
characterization are less prohibitive than those for an annual stack
test. This alternative continuous compliance demonstration option
includes periodic, robust operational recordkeeping in lieu of
conducting an annual performance test. Following the facility's initial
performance test or representative performance test (if using the
substitute means of compliance demonstration), an owner/operator would
demonstrate continuous compliance through recordkeeping. The
recordkeeping requirements would include recording the source-specific
waste profiles and incinerator unit operating parameters, including the
daily average charge rate and the 3-hour average combustion chamber
temperature of the unit. To demonstrate compliance, the weekly records
of the source-specific waste profile would need to indicate that the
waste combusted is consistent, within +/- 15 percent by weight, of the
percentage established for that waste category according to the waste
profiles established during the representative performance test (if
using the substitute means of compliance demonstration) or the
facility's initial performance test.\20\ Additionally, the records
would need to demonstrate that the unit is operated within the charge
rate and temperature ranges established during the initial performance
test or the representative performance test.
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\20\ If, for example, the paper component of the waste stream
during initial testing was 20 percent then burning waste streams
with a paper component between 5 and 35 percent of the total waste
stream would be acceptable weekly operation and, assuming all other
requirements are met, additional testing would not be required for
the source.
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If the facility anticipates combusting a waste stream with a
different profile, the owner/operator would be required to conduct a
performance test of the unit with a waste stream representative of the
new waste profile, or, alternatively, identify a representative
performance test report in the WebFIRE database, before combusting the
modified waste stream (i.e., the owner or operator must identify that
the unit is of similar throughput, method of processing and burning
waste, charge rate, operating temperatures, waste management plan,
estimated waste variability and waste profiles to the representative
unit). Similarly, if the facility anticipates exceeding or operating
outside of the established operating parameter ranges, the owner/
operator would be required to conduct a performance test of the unit
while operating at the new parameter limits (or find a representative
[[Page 54192]]
performance test with those operating parameter limits in the WebFIRE
database) to confirm that the unit continues to meet the OSWI emission
standards under the new operating parameter limits. Failure to comply
with the retesting requirement would constitute a deviation from the
OSWI standards.
Finally, we are proposing to modify the monitoring requirements for
small OSWI units that use the alternative continuous compliance option
in lieu of complying with the annual performance testing requirements
by removing the requirement for CO and oxygen CEMS. We are proposing
this change for the same reasons that we are proposing an alternative
to the annual performance test. In addition to the cost of maintaining
CEMS, part of calibrating a CEMS generally requires an annual stack
test to verify the operation of the CEMS. Relieving owners and
operators of small OSWI units of the obligation to conduct an annual
performance test without likewise removing the requirement for CEMS,
which includes performing an annual stack test, would not achieve the
stated goals and benefits of removing the annual performance test.
For OSWI units other than small OSWI units, we are also proposing
that such units may use CO CEMS data in lieu of initial and annual
testing for CO, provided the CEMS has been previously certified and is
meeting the ongoing quality assurance/quality control requirements.
Facilities that use this option would be allowed to use a 12-hour
rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average CEMS data to determine
compliance with the CO emission limitations. However, the initial
performance evaluation (certification) must be conducted prior to
collecting CEMS data for the initial compliance demonstration. Under
the proposed rules, such units could also use CO CEMS data in lieu of
conducting an annual performance test for CO. This proposed change
would provide flexibility for sources and reduce the burden associated
with testing, while assuring compliance based on continuously measured
emissions data.
5. Proposed Recordkeeping and Reporting Revisions
We are proposing several revisions to the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements. A number of proposed recordkeeping changes are
associated with the proposal to establish--for small OSWI units--a
substitute compliance demonstration option (for initial performance
testing, as well as continuous compliance testing). For small OSWI
units using the substitute compliance demonstration process, we propose
(in connection with the initial compliance test requirement) owners and
operators will be required to maintain records of the notification of
intent to use the substitute means of compliance demonstration and the
documentation demonstrating the design, operation, and unit capacity,
copies of the initial waste characterization and operating data, and
documentation related to the representative (substitute) performance
test and how the test is representative of the unit. The new proposed
recordkeeping requirements for owners and operators of small OSWI
units--and associated with the proposed substitute continuous
compliance requirements--include records on such particulars as unit
start and end times of operation, the quantity or weight of each waste
type (e.g., pounds of solid waste, food waste, wood or yard waste), the
quantities of supplemental fuels burned (flow rate or percentage of
operating time), percentage of each waste type of total waste burned,
and the temperature (three-hour average) and charge rate (TPD), and
records for units using air pollution controls such as a wet scrubber,
dry scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filters. The
proposed recordkeeping is intended to help ensure that small OSWI units
that choose the proposed substitute continuous compliance option are
able to demonstrate compliance with the emission and operating limits
of the OSWI standards. Among other things, the recordkeeping
requirements help to demonstrate that the waste types burned by small
OSWI units are within +/-15 percent of the percentages established for
each waste category according to the profiles established during the
initial performance test or representative performance test.
We are also proposing reporting-related changes, especially changes
associated with the substitute compliance testing program for small
OSWI units. For example, we are proposing--for small OSWI units using
the substitute continuous compliance option--that owners and operators
would be required to include in annual reports a statement that there
were no deviations from the weekly waste characterization requirements
and the unit has been operated within the operating parameter limits.
The proposed recordkeeping and reporting is intended to help ensure
that there is adequate information available to determine compliance
with the standards and the severity of any failure to meet a standard,
and to further assure compliance with the standards at all times. We
are also proposing to clarify the timeline for submittal of an annual
report for owners and operators that choose to comply with the
substitute means of compliance in lieu of an initial performance test;
for these units, an annual report must be submitted no later than 12
months following the submission of the representative performance test
and the description of the how the test is representative for the OSWI
unit.
We are also proposing to revise the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements for deviations, which apply to both large and small OSWI
units. Currently, these requirements focus on identifying malfunctions
and deviations from the emission limitations or operating limits that
apply, including whether any monitoring system used to determine
compliance with the emission limitations or operating limits was
inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning or out of control. We are
proposing several additional requirements to clarify that a deviation
includes any ``failure to meet an applicable standard'' and what must
be recorded and reported. The proposed changes include the following:
Revising the definition of ``deviation'' to remove
language for periods of SSM, as discussed in section II.B.3 of this
preamble.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(c) and 40 CFR 60.3033(c) to
clarify the alarm time that constitutes a deviation from the operating
limit for OSWI units with fabric filters and bag leak detection
systems.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(d) and 40 CFR 60.3033(d) to
include deviations from the weekly waste characterization requirements,
provide for performance testing when the waste profile of the OSWI unit
is modified, and clarify that failure to conduct a performance test or
identify a representative test when the waste profile has changed
constitutes a deviation.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2942(f) and 40 CFR 60.3033(f) to
clarify that, for OSWI units using CEMS, failure to collect required
data is a deviation of the monitoring requirements.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2949 and 40 CFR 60.3046 to specify that
facilities must retain a record identifying the calendar dates, times,
and durations of malfunctions and a description of the failure and the
corrective action taken.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2956(e) and 40 CFR 60.3051(e) to
clarify that for OSWI units with CMS, the annual report must include a
statement that there were no periods during which the CMS were
[[Page 54193]]
inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning or out of control.
Removing deviation reporting requirements (40 CR
60.2956(g); 40 CFR 60.3051(g)) previously included as part of the
annual report to remove redundant reporting; these requirements are
included in the deviation report submitted on a semiannual basis (40
CFR 60.2958; 40 CFR 60.3053).
Modifying the annual reporting requirements in 40 CFR
60.2956 and 40 CFR 60.3051 to require facilities to provide a statement
that there was no deviation identified from the weekly waste
characterization (i.e., the waste types burned are within 15-percent
variation of the profiles established during the initial performance
test) and the unit has been operated within the charge rate and
temperature ranges established when no deviations have occurred during
the reporting period.
For deviation reporting, revising the title of 40 CFR
60.2957 and 60.3052 to ``What other reports must I submit if I have a
deviation?'', and reorganizing these sections to be consistent with the
definition of ``deviation'' and in order to better reflect the types of
deviations which must be reported.
Clarifying the requirements of 40 CFR 60.2958 and 40 CFR
60.3053 to clarify the contents of the deviation report, including
identifying the calendar dates, times, and durations of any deviations
and a description of any corrective actions taken, and adding new
requirements to report deviations from the weekly waste
characterization and operating parameter limits established for small
OSWI units.
We are proposing additional changes to the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements that include consistency edits based on the
proposed revisions to allow for use of CO CEMS data in lieu of annual
testing for CO (for OSWI units that have capacities greater than 10
TPD), and proposed revisions to the monitoring requirements that ensure
consistency with other CAA section 129 rules (e.g., adding operating
parameters for controls other than a wet scrubber that may be employed
for OSWI units and clarifying the frequency of the data recording or
averaging for each required operating parameter). These proposed
changes to the monitoring requirements are described further in
sections II.B.4 and II.B.8 of this preamble.
6. Proposed Requirements for Electronic Reporting
The EPA is proposing that owners and operators of OSWI units submit
electronic copies of required performance test reports, performance
evaluation reports, deviation reports, and annual compliance reports
through the EPA's CDX using CEDRI. A description of the electronic data
submission process is provided in the memorandum, Electronic Reporting
Requirements for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) Rules, which
is available in the docket for this action. The proposed rule requires
that performance test results collected using test methods that are
supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the
ERT website \21\ at the time of the test be submitted in the format
generated through the use of the ERT, or an electronic file consistent
with the extensible markup language (XML) schema on the ERT website,
and that other performance test results be submitted in portable
document format (PDF) using the attachment module of the ERT.
Similarly, performance evaluation results of CEMS measuring relative
accuracy test audit pollutants that are supported by the ERT at the
time of the test must be submitted in the format generated through the
use of the ERT, or alternatively, an electronic file consistent with
the XML schema on the ERT website, and other performance evaluation
results, be submitted in PDF using the attachment module of the ERT.
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\21\ https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert.
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For deviation reports and annual compliance reports, the proposed
rule requires that owners and operators use the appropriate spreadsheet
template to submit information to CEDRI. A draft version of the
proposed templates for these reports is included in the docket for this
action.\22\ The EPA specifically requests comment on the content,
layout, and overall design of the templates. Facilities would have 1
year from the date of publication of the final rule, or once the
reporting forms have been made available in CEDRI for at least 1 year,
whichever date is later, to submit these reports.
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\22\ See OSWI_Annual_Report_Template.xlsx and
OSWI_Deviation_Report_Template.xlsx, available at Docket ID. No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-015.
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Additionally, the EPA has identified two broad circumstances in
which electronic reporting extensions may be provided. In both
circumstances, the decision to accept the claim of needing additional
time to report is within the discretion of the Administrator, and
reporting should occur as soon as possible. The EPA is providing these
potential extensions to protect owners and operators from noncompliance
in cases where they cannot successfully submit a report by the
reporting deadline for reasons outside of their control. The situation
where an extension may be warranted due to outages of the EPA's CDX or
CEDRI that preclude an owner or operator from accessing the system and
submitting required reports is addressed in 40 CFR 63.2961(d) and 40
CFR 63.3056(d). The situation where an extension may be warranted due
to a force majeure event, which is defined as an event that will be or
has been caused by circumstances beyond the control of the affected
facility, its contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected
facility that prevents an owner or operator from complying with the
requirement to submit a report electronically as required by this rule
is addressed in 40 CFR 63.2961(e) and 40 CFR 63.3056(e). Examples of
force majeure events are acts of nature, acts of war or terrorism, or
equipment failure or safety hazards beyond the control of the facility.
See proposed requirements at 40 CFR 60.2961 and 40 CFR 60.3056.
The electronic submittal of the reports addressed in this proposed
rulemaking will increase the usefulness of the data contained in those
reports, is in keeping with current trends in data availability and
transparency, will further assist in the protection of public health
and the environment, will improve compliance by facilitating the
ability of regulated facilities to demonstrate compliance with
requirements and by facilitating the ability of delegated state, local,
tribal, and territorial air agencies and the EPA to assess and
determine compliance, and will ultimately reduce burden on regulated
facilities, delegated air agencies, and the EPA. Electronic reporting
also eliminates paper-based, manual processes, thereby saving time and
resources, simplifying data entry, eliminating redundancies, minimizing
data reporting errors, and providing data quickly and accurately to the
affected facilities, air agencies, the EPA, and the public. Moreover,
electronic reporting is consistent with the EPA's plan \23\ to
implement Executive Order 13563 and is in keeping with the EPA's
Agency-wide policy \24\ developed in response to the White House's
Digital Government
[[Page 54194]]
Strategy.\25\ For more information on the benefits of electronic
reporting, see the memorandum, Electronic Reporting Requirements for
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) Rules, referenced earlier in this
section.
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\23\ The EPA's Final Plan for Periodic Retrospective Reviews of
Existing Regulations, August 2011. Available at: https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0156-0154.
\24\ E-Reporting Policy Statement for EPA Regulations, September
2013. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-03/documents/epa-ereporting-policy-statement-2013-09-30.pdf.
\25\ Digital Government: Building a 21st Century Platform to
Better Serve the American People, May 2012. Available at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html.
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7. Proposed Revisions to Title V Permitting Requirements for ACIs
Burning Only Wood Waste, Clean Lumber, and Yard Waste
The 2005 OSWI rule contains a regulatory requirement that ACIs that
burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste must apply for an
obtain a tile V operating permit. The EPA is proposing to eliminate
this regulatory title V permitting requirement for such ACIs that are
not located at a major source or subject to title V for other reasons.
The EPA has received feedback from several states indicating that the
title V requirements are unnecessarily burdensome and expensive for
states to maintain for these ACIs. Based on available data, ACI that
burn exclusively wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste are commonly
located at facilities that would not otherwise require a title V
operating permit.\26\
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\26\ CAA section 129(e) generally requires title V permits for
``solid waste incineration units.'' Under CAA section 129(g)(1),
however, the term ``solid waste incineration unit'' does not include
air curtain incinerators that only burn wood wastes, yard wastes,
and clean lumber (and that comply with opacity limitations). In
addition, in our view, the opacity limitations applicable, under CAA
129, to such ACIs are not standards or regulations ``under section
7411,'' such that the ACIs would be subject to a title V permitting
requirement under CAA section 502(a).
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In previous rulemaking, we provided for title V permitting for
these ACIs for various reasons, as explained in the final OSWI rule (70
FR 74884-74885, Decemeber 4, 2005). In particular, we believed
initially that compliance with a title V permit was necessary to assure
compliance with the opacity requirements established for such
incinerators. In this rulemaking we are reconsidering the need for a
regulatory requirement for title V permitting for these air curtain
incineration units that are only subject to an opacity limitation and
related requirements to assure compliance, because such units are not
considered solid waste incineration units under section 129. Also,
based on input from various states on the burdens and costs of title V
permitting for such incinerators, we no longer believe it is
appropriate or necessary to require title V permitting.
8. Proposed Technical Edits, Clarifications, and Additional Revisions
To Improve the OSWI Standards
We are proposing several additional technical corrections,
harmonizing changes, clarifications, and improvements to the OSWI
standards that are intended to improve the understanding of the rule
and to improve consistency with other CAA section 129 rules.
We are proposing several harmonizing changes throughout the OSWI
standards, in keeping with the proposed revisions discussed in sections
II.B.1 through 7 of this preamble, to incorporate the revised emission
limits, operating limits, alternatives to testing and monitoring, and
recordkeeping and reporting. These harmonizing changes include
incorporation of compliance dates and other revisions to clarify
applicability of existing requirements to small OSWI units, such as
revisions to the title of the standards to remove old compliance dates;
redefining when a small OSWI unit is considered a new or existing
incineration unit based on date of construction, reconstruction, or
modification; clarifying the timeline for when the changes for small
OSWI units become effective; and updating the timeline for the
submittal of an operator training course, site-specific documentation,
conduct of the initial performance test or substitute means of
compliance demonstration, and submittal of title V reports for small
OSWI units. For the emission guidelines, the proposed changes also
include specifying the timeline of submittal and approval for revisions
to state plans to include the requirements for small OSWI units, the
compliance schedule that must be included in state plans, and the EPA's
authority to implement and enforce a federal plan if a state plan is
not approved. We are also proposing changes that would clarify and
improve the organization of the rule, enhance readability, and improve
compliance.
In some cases, we are proposing to remove redundant language, for
example, 40 CFR 60.2970(b) and 40 CFR 60.3062(b). These paragraphs
repeat the requirements for ACIs burning only 100-percent wood waste,
clean lumber, yard waste, or a mixture of these wastes, which are
already provided in 40 CFR 60.2888(b) and 40 CFR 60.2994(b). We are
also proposing revisions to add or correct cross-references to add
clarity to existing requirements; for example, we are proposing to
clarify the implementation and enforcement authorities in 40 CFR
60.2889 and 40 CFR 60.2990 that are not transferred to state, local, or
tribal authorities by adding cross-references to specific rule
provisions. Similarly, we are proposing to clarify 40 CFR 60.2966 and
40 CFR 60.3059 to specify that units must obtain a title V operating
permit based on when they meet the applicability criteria for OSWI
units.
We are proposing additional clarifications that would improve
compliance with the existing requirements; for example, we are adding a
requirement that the incinerator operator training course under 40 CFR
60.2905(c) and 40 CFR 60.3014(c) must include coverage of good
combustion practices as well as waste characterization procedures, and
related actions for prevention and correction of malfunctions, which
must be included to maintain operator qualifications and kept in
required site-specific documentation. These clarifications ensure that
owners and operators will be aware of good combustion practices that
reduce the products of incomplete combustion and prevent conditions
that lead to malfunctions. Similarly, we are adding a provision to 40
CFR 60.2911 and 40 CFR 60.3020 to clarify the qualified operator
requirements for batch units. Because batch units are designed to
provide for flexibility in operation and allows for owner or operator
discretion for the timing of individual batches, we have added a
requirement that batch units must have a qualified operator accessible
at times during the operation of the unit.
In several cases, we are proposing revisions such that the OSWI
standards are more consistent with the monitoring requirements in other
CAA section 129 rules. For example, the 2005 final OSWI standards only
provide operating requirements for wet scrubbers as an air pollution
control device. We are proposing to include operating limits and
operating parameter monitoring requirements for additional controls
that may be employed for OSWI units, including dry scrubbers,
electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters (see proposed 40 CFR
60.2916 and Table 2 to subpart EEEE; 40 CFR 60.3023 and Table 3 to
subpart FFFF). Additionally, we are proposing to clarify that OSWI
units that use an alternate method for air pollution control beyond a
wet scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric
filter, including other methods such as material balance, may petition
the EPA for specific operating parameter limits in these cases. The
proposed requirements would add flexibility for facilities by
[[Page 54195]]
expanding the control options available. In addition, we are proposing
to revise the requirements for owners and operators of OSWI units using
control options to require that the minimum operating parameters (e.g.,
combustion operating chamber temperature, pressure drop, liquid flow
rate, etc.) established for initial compliance are calculated based on
the lowest 1-hr average as measured during the most recent performance
test (or representative performance test) demonstrating compliance. The
current OSWI standards require that these parameters are calculated
using the average as measured during the most recent performance test.
Similarly, we are proposing to revise the continous compliance
requirements to specify the averaging times for continous compliances
for operating parameters for the extended control options (which is
generally based on three-hour rolling averages). The proposed revisions
include harmonizing edits to the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. The proposed revisions would provide additional
flexibility for owners and operators and are consistent with other CAA
section 129 rules.
We are also proposing, for consistency with other CAA section 129
rules and so that the standards apply at all times, to revise the
compliance requirements for OSWI units that require continuous
monitoring to clarify that the 12-hour rolling average values must
include CEMS data during startup and shutdown. We are adding a
definition of ``CEMS data during startup and shutdown'' and specifying
that such data are not corrected for O2 content when
estimating averages. The proposed changes also include revisions to the
equations used to calculate the 12-hour rolling average for CO and the
associated recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
Other proposed minor corrections, clarifications, and edits for
consistency with the proposed revisions in sections II.B.1 through
II.B.7 of this preamble include:
Updating 40 CFR 60.2890 and 40 CFR 60.2998 to clarify the
principal components of the subparts include definitions and table.
For existing units, adding new section 40 CFR 60.3003 to
clarify that certain substitute means of compliance demonstration
requirements must be completed prior to the compliance date.
Modifying 40 CFR 60.2910 to 40 CFR 60.3019 to clarify that
site-specific documentation must include procedures for establishing
initial and continuous compliance, such as procedures to determine
waste characterization.
Updating requirements for initial and annual performance
tests such that they must be conducted according to the methods and
meet the revised emissions limitations specified in Tables 1 through 1b
to subpart EEEE and Tables 2 and 2b to subpart FFFF, as applicable.
Updating 40 CFR 60.2922(e), 40 CFR 60.2940(c), 40 CFR
60.3027(e), and 40 CFR 60.3039(c) to add references to ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-198 Part 10 (2010), ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses'' (previously
approved as an alternative method to EPA Method 3B in the 2005 OSWI
rule).
Proposing to add an additional test method, ASTM D7520-16,
``Standard Test Method for Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the
Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere,'' as an acceptable alternative to EPA
Method 9 for opacity. This test method was identified as an acceptable
alternative to EPA Method 9 when specific provisions are followed, as
discussed in section V.J of this preamble.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2932(d) and 40 CFR 60.3033(d) to
specify that small OSWI units using control devices must continuously
monitor operating parameters and specifying the averaging values to
demonstrate continuous compliance.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2939 and 40 CFR 60.3038 (requirements
for installation and calibation of CEMS) such that they apply only to
OSWI units with a capacity greater than 10 TPD.
Clarifying the installation and calibration requirements
for operating parameter equipment in 40 CFR 60.2944 and 40 CFR 60.3043,
including adding new requirements for bag leak detection systems.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2949(b) and 40 CFR 60.3046(b) to
incorporate recordkeeping for data from OSWI units that use an
alternate method for air pollution control beyond a wet scrubber, dry
scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, fabric filter, or other method
such as material balance.
Clarifying that for CO CEMS, records of annual performance
evaluations must be maintained (40 CFR 60.2949(g) and 40 CFR
60.3046(g)).
Adding a recordkeeping requirement for notifications
submitted for excluded units, such as temporary-use incinerators.
Revising 40 CFR 60.2954 to clarify that a copy of the
waste management plan must be submitted following the initial
performance test, for consistency with 40 CFR 60.3049(c).
Clarifying that for facilities with a title V permit, the
permit may address the submittal timeline of the annual report (40 CFR
60.2955, 40 CFR 60.3050).
Minor clarifications to the content of the annual reports
and deviation reports, including what information must be submitted if
a performance test is conducted during the annual period and what
information may be excluded if the reports are submitted via CEDRI (40
CFR 60.2956, 40 CFR 60.3051).
Removing outdated requirements for timelines for submittal
of title V permits for OSWI units constructed prior to promulgation of
the final rule.
Other minor grammatical or technical edits (e.g.,
corrections to typographical errors or cross-references within existing
provisions, or to clarify existing provisions).
C. What compliance dates are we proposing?
We are proposing compliance dates for the amended rule in
accordance with CAA section 129(f). The compliance date depends on
whether the OSWI unit is small and whether the OSWI unit is a new or
existing unit.
Under the proposed rule, OSWI units with a capacity greater than 10
TPD--continue, with limited changes, to be subject to the requirements
of the current OSWI standards--either the NSPS or to a plan promulgated
pursuant to the EG, respectively.\27\ With certain exceptions
(discussed below), these sources will continue to follow the emission
and operating limits, including compliance, monitoring, and testing
provisions, associated with the current OSWI standards; therefore, the
compliance dates are unchanged from the current OSWI standards. For new
large OSWI units, some limited requirements apply before construction
is initiated and, otherwise, the limits apply when the unit begins
operation (see 40 CFR 60.2881). For existing large OSWI units (that is,
units constructed on or before December 9, 2004), CAA section 129(f)(2)
provides that performance standards and other requirements shall be
effective as expeditiously as practicable after approval of a state
plan or promulgation of a federal plan, but in no event later than 5
years after such standards or requirements are promulgated. Therefore,
consistent with the current
[[Page 54196]]
OSWI standards, compliance for existing sources must be demonstrated no
later than three years after the effective date of a state plan
approval or December 16, 2010, whichever is earlier.
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\27\ Consistent with the OSWI standards, if you commenced
construction of an OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 TPD on
or before December 9, 2004, you were considered an existing unit,
subject to a plan promulgated pursuant to the EG (see 40 CFR
60.2981). Otherwise, if you commenced construction after December 9,
2004, or if you commenced reconstruction or modification on or after
June 16, 2006, you were considered a new OSWI unit, subject to the
NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart EEEE).
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We recognize that our action proposes to make some changes to the
OSWI standards, as applicable to existing large OSWI units, including
eliminating the SSM provisions at 40 CFR 60.3025 and adding electronic
reporting. The elimination of the SSM provisions does not necessitate
the installation of additional technological controls, but rather
ensures more continuous application of the emission limitations and
operating limits. And, as previously noted, the proposed electronic
reporting provisions ultimately will reduce burden on regulated
facilities, delegated air agencies, and the EPA. Electronic reporting
also eliminates paper-based, manual processes, thereby saving time and
resources, simplifying data entry, eliminating redundancies, and
minimizing data reporting errors. Accordingly, for existing large OSWI
units, we propose that these changes to the current OSWI EG--the
elimination of the SSM provision and the addition of electronic
reporting--will be effective the date the state plan is approved (or
after a federal plan is promulgated), but not later than 5 years after
the date of publication of the final rule (here, not later than on or
about May 31, 2026, assuming a final rule reflecting this proposed
action is promulgated on or about May 31, 2021).
As for small OSWI units, we are proposing revised MACT standards
and revised compliance, monitoring, and testing requirements. For new
sources, CAA section 129(f)(1) requires that performance standards and
other requirements shall be effective 6 months after the promulgation
of the final rule (here, on or about November 30, 2021, assuming a
final rule reflecting this proposed action is promulgated on or about
May 31, 2021). For these purposes, a new small OSWI unit is a unit that
commenced construction after August 31, 2020, or commenced modification
or reconstruction on or after the effective date of the final rule (on
or about November 30, 2021). We are proposing that these new units must
demonstrate compliance no later than 6 months after promulgation of the
final rule (on or about November 30, 2021), or the date the unit first
begins operation, whichever is later.
For existing sources, CAA section 129(f)(2) requires that the
performance standards and other requirements shall be effective not
later than 3 years after the state plan is approved or 5 years after
the date such standards or requirements are promulgated (here, on or
about May 31, 2026), whichever is earlier. For these purposes, an
existing small OSWI unit is one for which construction commenced on or
before August 31, 2020. So, for such small OSWI units, we are proposing
a compliance date of 5 years after the date the emission standards or
requirements are promulgated (here, on or about May 31, 2021)--or May
31, 2026--or 3 years after the effective date of a state plan approval,
whichever is earlier. Incineration units with a capacity less than 10
TPD that were constructed prior to August 31, 2020 and that are subject
to a current OSWI standard must continue to comply with the current
standard until the compliance date of the OSWI standards for these
sources is revised in accordance with this proposal. Existing solid
waste incinerators that were constructed prior to August 31, 2020, and
are subject to other incinerator standards or requirements (such as the
CISWI rule) that would be subject to the OSWI standards as revised in
accordance with this proposal, must continue to comply with such other
applicable incinerator standards or requirements until the effective
date (or final compliance date) of these revised OSWI standards (not
later than 5 years after the date of publication of the final rule, or
on or about May 31, 2026).
III. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the affected sources?
The EPA estimates that there are approximately 174 OSWI units at
157 facilities that would be affected by the proposed amendments. The
basis of our estimate of affected facilities is provided in the
memorandum, Documentation of Data Gathering Efforts for Other Solid
Waste Incineration (OSWI) Units, which is available in the docket for
this action. We have not received any input on, and do not anticipate,
any new sources over the next 3 years.
B. What are the air quality impacts?
We anticipate a reduction of 31.3 tons per year of total CAA
section 129 pollutants due to the proposed rule. We assumed no
additional add-on controls would be needed to meet the proposed rule.
Emission reductions would result from facilities reducing the
quantities or pollutant-emission causing waste being burned to meet the
emission limits. The proposed amendments would also eliminate the SSM
exemptions and require that the OSWI standards be met at all times. As
such, we expect that emissions during these periods would be minimized,
which will protect public health and the environment. Additionally, the
proposed amendments requiring electronic submittal of performance
tests, deviation reports, and annual compliance reports will streamline
reporting for affected sources, increase the usefulness of the data and
improve data accessibility for the public, will further assist in the
protection of public health and the environment, and will ultimately
result in less burden on the regulated community.
Indirect or secondary air emissions impacts are impacts that would
result from the increased electricity usage associated with the
operation of control devices (i.e., increased secondary emissions of
criteria pollutants from power plants). Energy impacts consist of the
electricity and steam needed to operate control devices and other
equipment that would be required under this rule. The EPA expects no
secondary air emissions impacts or energy impacts from this rulemaking.
C. What are the cost impacts?
We anticipate that the proposed rule would ultimately result in a
burden reduction for affected sources. To determine whether the
proposed requirements would add to, or reduce, costs from what OSWI
facilities are already incurring by complying with the current rule, we
compared the costs for the new requirements with the costs incurred by
meeting the current OSWI standards.
We do not have sufficient information on the number of OSWI units
that are in compliance with the current OSWI standards because the OSWI
federal plan was not finalized, resulting in states not developing or
incorporating the federal plan requirements into state rules.
Additionally, the 2005 final OSWI rule did not require electronic
reporting, and as such, we do not have internal compliance reports from
existing facilities that would definitively demonstrate their
compliance. Therefore, the number of units in compliance could
conceivably have been zero. However, from our data gathering efforts,
we are aware of several units that are complying with the OSWI
standards. Therefore, the actual number is not zero, but is still
unknown and likely low. In absence of a final federal plan and EPA-
approved state plans in most states, we have assumed 10 percent of the
population of facilities operating OSWI units are in compliance with
the current rule.To develop baseline costs, we assumed no additional
add-on control would be necessary for the 10 percent of facilities
[[Page 54197]]
to meet the current limit. However, we included the initial cost of
testing, parametric monitoring systems, CO and oxygen CEMS because the
current OSWI rule requires these systems. Annual compliance costs are
comprised of annual testing of all OSWI units, parametric monitoring
costs, CO and oxygen CEMS monitoring costs, and associated
recordkeeping and reporting. We estimated the total capital investment
for the 10 percent of facilities assumed to be in compliance with the
current OSWI rule to be $5.65 million. We estimated the annual costs
for the 10 percent of facilities assumed to be in compliance with the
current OSWI rules to be $1.91 million.
Based on available information, we believe that all facilities will
likely be in compliance with the proposed emission limits in this
action and no additional control will be required to meet the OSWI
standards. The costs that would be incurred, if the proposal is
finalized, are for initial compliance, continuous compliance, and
recordkeeping and reporting. The proposal would require facilities to
conduct an initial stack test, unless they demonstrate initial
compliance following a substitute means of compliance demonstration.
For these sources, the costs of initial compliance would be offset to
testing coordinators (for which the EPA will provide grants or
contracts). All facilities would be required to demonstrate continuous
compliance based on their waste characterization and to keep records of
waste profiles, charge rates, and operating parameters such as
temperature. For this analysis, it was assumed that larger facilities,
facilities owned by corporations, and facilities operated by the
federal government would incur the expense of initial testing without
federal grants. These units comprise 37 percent of the known OSWI
sources, or 60 units. The total initial cost of compliance (for testing
and recordkeeping) for the proposed OSWI standards is estimated to be
$5.85 million and the annual compliance costs (for recordkeeping) are
estimated to be $1.85 million.
The resulting cost impacts of the proposed rule in comparison to
the current rule is an additional $200,000 in capital investment, and a
net burden reduction of $57,000 annually. The cost calculations are
detailed in the memorandum, Costs and Impacts for Other Solid Waste
Incinerators, which is available in the docket for this action.
The EPA also provides an analysis of the compliance cost in present
value and equivalent annual value form in the memorandum, Economic
Impact Analysis for the Proposed Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units, which is available in the docket for
this action. The economic impact analysis also presents a sensitivity
analysis of the compliance costs impacts of the proposed amendments as
a function of participation in the substitute means of compliance
demonstration program that is described in this proposal.
D. What are the economic impacts?
The proposed rule is burden reducing relative to the 2005 rule
because it removes several requirements of the 2005 rule. Because the
2005 rule has yet to be fully implemented, many, if not most, affected
OSWI owner/operators will need to perform initial compliance actions
and incur compliance costs on an ongoing basis. Because of the
relatively small number of affected existing units (less than 200) and
because the EPA does not anticipate affected new sources in the next 3
years, the EPA expects minimal economic impacts under the proposal. As
discussed in the economic impact analysis associated with the 2005
rule, OSWI owner/operators may substitute landfilling services for
incineration rather than perform compliance actions associated with
this rule (see Docket Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0156-0101). However, the
rate at which owner/operators of OSWI units substitute the use of
landfilling services rather than incur the costs of OSWI compliance is
highly uncertain. Additionally, in the substitute means of compliance
demonstration program, the EPA is proposing a mechanism that would
reduce compliance costs and associated economic impacts while
maintaining environmental protections. More information and details of
this analysis is provided in the memorandum, Economic Impact Analysis
for the Proposed Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units, which is available in the docket for this action.
E. What are the benefits?
This action will likely lead to air quality improvements. The EPA
estimates about 31 tons per year emission reductions in the CAA section
129 pollutants as a result of the proposed amendments. The proposed
amendments also revise the OSWI standards such that they apply at all
times, which we expect will minimize emissions during these periods and
protect public health and the environment. Additionally, the proposed
amendments require electronic submittal of performance tests, deviation
reports, and annual compliance reports, which will streamline reporting
for affected sources and increase the usefulness of the data and
improve data accessibility for the public. The electronic reporting
requirements will, therefore, further assist in the protection of
public health and the environment and will ultimately result in less
burden on the regulated community. See section II.B.6 of this preamble
for more information.
IV. Request for Comments
We solicit comments on the proposed testing and compliance options,
as discussed in section II.B.4 of this preamble. Specifically, we
request that owners of affected or potentially affected units provide
information on their unit or potential units, including waste
characterization data, to characterize and categorize units for
testing. The EPA is also interested in any additional information,
including emissions data, that may be available, and whether facilities
have completed testing. Additionally, we request comments on the
proposed options for units combusting less than 10 TPD that would allow
facilities to use a substitute means of compliance demonstration for
initial compliance. We also request comment on the proposed annual
compliance options that allow for recordkeeping of waste
characterization and operating parameters in lieu of annual testing;
specifically, we request any data or templates that may be used
currently within industry to track the waste combusted and operations
of OSWI units.
V. Statutory and Executive Orders Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is expected to be an Executive Order 13771 deregulatory
action. Details on the estimated cost savings of this proposed rule can
be found in the EPA's analysis of the potential costs and benefits
associated with this action in section III of this preamble.
[[Page 54198]]
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the PRA. The ICR documents
that the EPA prepared have been assigned EPA ICR number 2163.07 for 40
CFR part 60, subpart EEEE and EPA ICR number 2164.07 for 40 CFR part
60, subpart FFFF. You can find a copy of the ICRs in the docket for
this rule, and they are briefly summarized here.
The EPA is proposing to revise 40 CFR part 60, subpart EEEE and
subpart FFFF to include new requirements for subcategories of VSMWC or
IWI units that have capacities equal to or less than 10 TPD. For units
that have capacities equal to or less than 10 TPD, the EPA is proposing
revised emission limits and a substitute means of compliance
demonstration in lieu of initial and annual stack testing, add-on
control devices, and CEMS. Units with a capacity to combust greater
than or equal to 10 TPD would continue to meet the current testing,
monitoring, and recordkeeping requirements of the NSPS or EG.
Additionally, the EPA is proposing to remove the reporting requirements
related to periods of SSM, because the emission limits will apply at
all times. The EPA is also proposing electronic reporting requirements
for submittal of certain reports and performance test results. The ICRs
reflect only the incremental burden associated with the requirements of
the proposed rules.
Respondents/affected entities: Owners and operators of other solid
waste incineration units.
Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR 60, subparts
EEEE and FFFF).
Estimated number of respondents: 128.
Frequency of response: Initially and annually.
Total estimated burden: 5,817 hours (per year). Burden is defined
at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
Total estimated cost: $2,150,000 (per year), includes $1,490,000
annualized capital or operation and maintenance costs.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates and any suggested methods for
minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified at
the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related comments
to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via email to
[email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the EPA. Since
OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60
days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no later than September
30, 2020. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related comments in the final
rule.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
I certify that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In
making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant
adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no
net burden, or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small
entities subject to the rule. This notice of proposed rulemaking will
reduce some regulatory requirements relative to those specified in the
2005 OSWI rule. The December 2005 final OSWI rule was certified as not
having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. We have, therefore, concluded that this action will have no
net regulatory burden for all directly regulated small entities.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. While this action
creates an enforceable duty on the private sector, the cost does not
exceed $100 million or more.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action has tribal implications. However, it will neither
impose substantial direct compliance costs on federally recognized
tribal governments, nor preempt tribal law. We believe that certain
small OSWI units may be owned or operated by tribal governments or
communities.
However, consistent with the EPA Policy on Coordination and
Consultation with Indian Tribes, the EPA will provide tribal officials
the opportunity to provide meaningful and timely input early in the
development of this action through multiple outreach activities such as
tribal partnership calls, webinars, and offers for government-to-
government consultation with potentially impacted tribes and other
tribes as requested.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental
health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
This action involves technical standards. Two voluntary consensus
standards (VCS) were identified as an acceptable alternative to the EPA
test methods for the purposes of this rule.
The VCS, American National Standards Institute/American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ANSI/ASME) PTC 19.10-1981 Part 10, ``Flue and
Exhaust Gas Analyses'' was identified as an acceptable alternative to
EPA Methods 3B, 6, and 7 (manual portion only, not the instrumental
procedures). This standard was previously incorporated into the 2005
OSWI final rule. This method determines quantitatively the gaseous
constituents of exhausts resulting from stationary combustion sources.
The gases covered in ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 are oxygen, carbon
dioxide, CO, (N), SO2, sulfur trioxide, nitric oxide,
nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbons, however the use
in this rule is only applicable to oxygen, carbon dioxide,
SO2, nitric oxide, and nitrogen
[[Page 54199]]
dioxide. This standard may be obtained from https://www.asme.org/ or
from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) at Three Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990.
The VCS, ASTM D7520-16, ``Standard Test Method for Determining the
Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere'' was identified
as an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9, but only if these
conditions are followed: (1) During the digital camera opacity
technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in Section 9.2 of
ASTM D7520-16, you or the DCOT vendor must present the plumes in front
of various backgrounds of color and contrast representing conditions
anticipated during field use such as blue sky, trees, and mixed
backgrounds (clouds and/or a sparse tree stand); (2) you must also have
standard operating procedures in place including daily or other
frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within
manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM D7520-
16; (3) you must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in 40 CFR
63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report, data sheets,
and all raw unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification
determination; and (4) you or the DCOT vendor must have a minimum of
four independent technology users apply the software to determine the
visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of 25
plumes, the user may not exceed 15 percent opacity of any one reading
and the average error must not exceed 7.5-percent opacity.
The EPA proposes to use ASTM D7520-16, ``Standard Test Method for
Determining the Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere''
as an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9. This method describes
procedures to determine the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery
and associated hardware and software, where opacity is caused by PM
emitted from a stationary point source in the outdoor ambient
environment. The opacity of emissions is determined by the application
of a DCOT that consists of a digital still camera, analysis software,
and the output function's content to obtain and interpret digital
images to determine and report plume opacity. With the conditions
identified above, we found that the technical sampling and analytical
procedures are an equivalent method to EPA Method 9. This method is
available for purchase from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
P.O. Box CB700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, (800) 262-
1373, https://www.astm.org/. The EPA's approval of this method as an
alternative method does not provide or imply a certification or
validation of any vendor's hardware or software. The onus to maintain
and verify the certification and/or training of the DCOT camera,
software, and operator in accordance with ASTM D7520-16 is on the
facility, DCOT operator, and DCOT vendor.
While the EPA also identified 26 VCS that were potentially
applicable for this rule in lieu of the EPA reference methods, the
Agency is not proposing to use these standards. After reviewing the
available standards, the EPA determined that the 26 candidate methods
would not be practical due to lack of equivalency, documentation,
validation data, and other important technical and policy
considerations. For additional informaion, see the memorandum,
Voluntary Consensus Standard Results for Standards of Performance for
New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources:
Other Solid Waste Incineration Units; Proposed Rule, which is available
in the docket for this action.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action does not have disproportionately
high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority
populations, low-income populations, and/or indigenous peoples, as
specified in Executive Order 12898 (58 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
It does not affect the level of protection provided to human health
or the environment. This action adds alternative approaches to existing
testing and monitoring methods as described in the 2005 OSWI rule. This
action incorporates regulatory flexibilities without compromising the
environmental protection and, thus, ensures even a unit with
rudimentary design will have several options for demonstrating
compliance, thereby helping to further ensure against any
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental
effects on minority or low-income populations.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations.
Andrew Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the EPA is proposing to
amend 40 CFR part 60 as follows:
PART 60--STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
0
1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A--General Provisions
0
2. Section 60.17 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (g)(14);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (h)(193) through (209) as paragraphs
(h)(194) through (210); and
0
c. Adding paragraph (h)(193).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.17 Incorporations by reference.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(14) ASME/ANSI PTC 19.10-1981, Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part
10, Instruments and Apparatus], (Issued August 31, 1981), IBR approved
for Sec. Sec. 60.56c(b), 60.63(f), 60.106(e), 60.104a(d), (h), (i),
and (j), 60.105a(b), (d), (f), and (g), 60.106a(a), 60.107a(a), (c),
and (d), 60.285a(f), 60.2145(s) and (t), 60.2710(s) and (t),
60.2730(q), 60.2922(e), 60.2940(c), tables 1, 1a, 1b, and 3 to subpart
EEEE, Sec. Sec. 60.3027(e) and 60.3039(c), tables 2, 2b, and 4 to
subpart FFFF, table 2 to subpart JJJJ, Sec. Sec. 60.4415(a),
60.4900(b), tables 1 and 2 to subpart LLLL, Sec. 60.5220(b), tables 2
and 3 to subpart MMMM, Sec. Sec. 60.5406(c), 60.5406a(c), 60.5407a(g),
60.5413(b), 60.5413a(b) and (d).
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(193) ASTM D7520-16, Standard Test Method for Determining the
Opacity of a Plume in the Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere, approved April 1,
2016, IBR approved for Sec. 60.2972(a), tables 1, 1a, and 1b to
subpart EEEE, Sec. 60.3067(a), and tables 2 and 2b to subpart FFFF.
* * * * *
0
3. Subpart EEEE of part 60 is amended by revising the subpart heading
to read as follows:
Subpart EEEE--Standards of Performance for Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units
0
4. Section 60.2881 is revised to read as follows:
[[Page 54200]]
Sec. 60.2881 When does this subpart become effective?
For all OSWI units, this subpart takes effect June 16, 2006. Some
of the requirements in this subpart apply to planning the incineration
unit and must be completed even before construction is initiated on the
unit (i.e., the preconstruction requirements in Sec. Sec. 60.2894 and
60.2895). Other requirements such as the emission limitations and
operating limits apply when the unit begins operation. Requirements for
small OSWI units, as defined in Sec. 60.2977, and constructed after
August 31, 2020, become effective no later than [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE Federal Register].
0
5. Section 60.2885 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2885 Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?
* * * * *
(b) Your incineration unit is an OSWI unit as defined in Sec.
60.2977 or an air curtain incinerator (ACI) subject to this subpart as
described in Sec. 60.2888(b). Other solid waste incineration units are
very small municipal waste combustion units and institutional waste
incineration units as defined in Sec. 60.2977, and include small OSWI
units (either very small municipal waste combustion units or
institutional waste incinerators).
* * * * *
0
6. Section 60.2886 is amended by revising paragraph (a) introductory
text and adding paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2886 What is a new incineration unit?
(a) A new incineration unit is an incineration unit subject to this
subpart that meets any of the criteria specified in paragraphs (a)(1)
through (4) of this section, except as specified in paragraph (a)(5) of
this section.
* * * * *
(3) Is a small OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.2977 and commenced
construction after August 31, 2020.
(4) Is a small OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.2977 and commenced
reconstruction or modification on or after [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.]
(5) If your incineration unit is a small OSWI unit as defined in
Sec. 60.2977 and commenced construction, reconstruction, or
modification prior to August 31, 2020, paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of
this section no longer apply. These units are considered new
incineration units and remain subject to the applicable requirements of
this subpart until the units become subject to the requirements of an
approved state plan or federal plan that implements subpart FFFF of
this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other Solid
Waste Incineration Units).
* * * * *
0
7. Section 60.2887 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3)
to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2887 What combustion units are excluded from this subpart?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) The unit has a federally enforceable permit limiting the
combustion of municipal solid waste to 30 percent of the total fuel
input by weight.
* * * * *
(3) You provide the Administrator with a copy of the federally
enforceable permit.
* * * * *
0
8. Section 60.2888 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2888 Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this
subpart?
(a) Air curtain incinerators that burn less than 35 tons per day of
municipal solid waste or air curtain incinerators located at
institutional facilities burning any amount of institutional waste
generated at that facility are incineration units subject to all
requirements of this subpart, including the emission limitations
specified in tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart.
(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn less than 35 tons per day
and burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of
this section collected from the general public and from residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial sources; or, air curtain
incinerators located at institutional facilities that burn only the
materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section
generated at that facility, are required to meet only the requirements
in Sec. Sec. 60.2970 through 60.2973 and are exempt from all other
requirements of this subpart.
* * * * *
0
9. Section 60.2889 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2889 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as
your State, local, or tribal agency. If EPA has delegated authority to
your state, local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as well as EPA)
has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should
contact your EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is
delegated to your state, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a state, local, or tribal agency, the authorities contained
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (9) of this section are retained by EPA
and are not transferred to the state, local, or tribal agency.
(1) The authority to approve alternatives to the emission
limitations in tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart and operating
limits established under Sec. 60.2916 and table 2 of this subpart.
(2) The authority to approve petitions for specific operating
limits in accordance with the requirements in Sec. 60.2917.
(3) The authority of the Administrator to receive and grant
petitions under Sec. 60.8(b)(3) to approve major alternatives to test
methods in Sec. 60.2922.
(4) The authority to approve major alternatives to monitoring in
Sec. Sec. 60.2939 through 60.2945.
(5) The authority to approve major alternatives to recordkeeping
and reporting in Sec. Sec. 60.2949 through 60.2962.
(6) The authority to receive the required notices and to approve
continued operation in connection with the status report requirements
in Sec. 60.2911(c)(2).
(7) The authority of the Administrator to receive and grant
petitions under Sec. 60.11(e)(6) through (8) to adjust opacity
standards and establish opacity standards in accordance with
alternative opacity emission limits in Sec. 60.2915 and Sec. Sec.
60.2971 through 60.2973.
(8) The authority of the Administrator under Sec. 60.8(b)(4) to
waive performance test requirements and Sec. 60.8(b)(5) to approve
shorter sampling times or smaller sample volumes.
(9) The authority to approve an alternative to any electronic
reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.
0
10. Section 60.2890 is amended by revising the introductory text and
adding paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2890 How are these new source performance standards
structured?
These new source performance standards contain eleven major
components, as follows:
* * * * *
(j) Definitions.
(k) Tables.
0
11. Section 60.2895 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to
read as follows:
[[Page 54201]]
Sec. 60.2895 What is a siting analysis?
(a) The siting analysis must consider air pollution control
alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum
extent practicable, potential risks to public health or the
environment. In considering such alternatives, you may consider costs,
energy impacts, non-air environmental impacts, or any other factors
related to the practicability of the alternatives.
(b) Analyses of your OSWI unit's impacts that are prepared to
comply with state, local, or other federal regulatory requirements may
be used to satisfy the requirements of this section, provided they
include the consideration of air pollution control alternatives
specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
* * * * *
0
12. Section 60.2905 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (c)
introductory text, (c)(1)(iv), (c)(1)(viii), and (c)(1)(x) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2905 What are the operator training and qualification
requirements?
* * * * *
(b) Operator training and qualification must be obtained through a
state-approved program or by completing the requirements included in
paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) Training must be obtained by completing an incinerator operator
training course that includes, at a minimum, the three elements
described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) * * *
(iv) Combustion controls and monitoring, including good combustion
practices and waste characterization procedures.
* * * * *
(viii) Actions to prevent and correct malfunctions or to prevent
and correct conditions that may lead to malfunction.
* * * * *
(x) Applicable federal, state, and local regulations, including
Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace standards.
* * * * *
0
13. Section 60.2906 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text and paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (c) as paragraph (d); and
0
c. Adding paragraph (c).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.2906 When must the operator training course be completed?
The operator training course must be completed by the latest of the
dates specified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section.
(a) Six months after your OSWI unit startup date.
* * * * *
(c) [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER] for small OSWI units that commenced construction
after August 31, 2020.
* * * * *
0
14. Section 60.2908 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2908 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
* * * * *
(d) Prevention and correction of malfunctions or conditions that
may lead to malfunction.
* * * * *
0
15. Section 60.2910 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(4);
0
b. Adding paragraph (a)(10); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (c)(2).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.2910 What site-specific documentation is required?
(a) Documentation must be available at the facility and readily
accessible for all OSWI unit operators that addresses the ten topics
described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (10) of this section. You must
maintain this information and the training records required by
paragraph (c) of this section in a manner that they can be readily
accessed and are suitable for inspection upon request.
* * * * *
(4) Procedures for maintaining good combustion practices, including
proper combustion air supply levels.
* * * * *
(10) Procedures for establishing initial and continuous compliance,
including but not limited to, procedures to determine waste
characterization.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) The initial review of the information listed in paragraph (a)
of this section must be conducted by December 18, 2006, or prior to an
employee's assumption of responsibilities for operation of the OSWI
unit, whichever date is later.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) Records showing the names of the OSWI unit operators who have
completed the operator training requirements under Sec. 60.2905, met
the criteria for qualification under Sec. 60.2907, and maintained or
renewed their qualification under Sec. Sec. 60.2908 or 60.2909.
Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the
initial and refresher training, and the dates of their qualification
and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications.
* * * * *
0
16. Section 60.2911 is amended by revising the introductory paragraph
to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2911 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
For each batch OSWI unit, a qualified operator must be accessible
at all times when the unit is operating. For each continuous OSWI unit
or intermittent OSWI unit, if all qualified operators are temporarily
not accessible (i.e., not at the facility and not able to be at the
facility within 1 hour), you must meet one of the three criteria
specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, depending on
the length of time that a qualified operator is not accessible.
* * * * *
0
17. Section 60.2915 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2915 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
For OSWI units with initial startup before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you must meet the emission
limitations specified in table 1 of this subpart 60 days after your
OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no
later than 180 days after its initial startup. For OSWI units with
capacities greater than 10 tons per day and with initial startup on or
after [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER],
you must meet the emissions limitations specified in table 1a of this
subpart 60 days after your OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at which
it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
For small OSWI units with initial startup on or after [DATE OF
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you must meet
the emission limitations specified in table 1b of this subpart 60 days
after your OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate,
but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
0
18. Section 60.2916 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2916 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
You must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (a) through
[[Page 54202]]
(h) of this section, as applicable. If you own or operate a small OSWI
unit using the substitute means of compliance demonstration under Sec.
60.2929, the references in this section to the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance are not applicable and instead, refer to
the limits established during the representative performance test
identified in the information submitted as specified in Sec.
60.2929(b).
(a) You must establish a maximum charge rate, calculated using the
procedures in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) For continuous and intermittent units, maximum charge rate is
the average charge rate measured during the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(2) For batch units, maximum charge rate is the charge rate
measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(b) You must establish a minimum combustion chamber operating
temperature, equal to the lowest 1-hour average combustion chamber
operating temperature measured during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(c) If you use a wet scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations, you must establish operating limits for the operating
parameters as described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber, which is
calculated as the lowest 1-hour average pressure drop across the wet
scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations; or minimum
amperage to the wet scrubber, which is calculated as the average
amperage to the wet scrubber measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(2) Minimum scrubber liquor flow rate, which is calculated as the
lowest 1-hour average liquor flow rate at the inlet to the wet scrubber
measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(3) Minimum scrubber liquor pH, which is calculated as the lowest
1-hour average liquor pH at the outlet to the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with
the hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide emission limitations.
(d) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations, you must measure the injection rate of each sorbent during
the performance test. The minimum operating limit for the injection
rate of each sorbent is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
injection rate for each sorbent measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating compliance with the hydrogen chloride
emission limitations.
(e) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the
emission limitations, you must measure the (secondary) voltage and
amperage of the electrostatic precipitator collection plates during the
particulate matter performance test. Calculate the average electric
power value (secondary voltage x secondary current = secondary electric
power) for each test run. The minimum operating limit for the
electrostatic precipitator is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
secondary electric power measured during the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission
limitations.
(f) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the emission
limitations, you must operate each fabric filter system such that the
bag leak detection system alarm does not sound more than 5 percent of
the operating time during a 6-month period. Calculate the alarm time
(i.e., time that the alarm sounds) as specified in paragraphs (f)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) If inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no
corrective action is required, the alarm duration is not counted in the
alarm time calculation.
(2) If corrective action is required and you take less than an hour
to initiate corrective action, the alarm time is counted as 1 hour. If
you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm
time is counted as the actual amount of time taken to initiate
corrective action.
(g) If you own or operate a small OSWI unit and you demonstrate
continuous compliance according to Sec. 60.2932(d), you must establish
the amount of waste burned in each waste category as a percentage of
total waste burned on a mass basis. These percentages are your waste
profile and must be based on the categories of waste fed to the
incinerator (e.g., food waste, paper waste, wood waste) during the most
recent performance test.
(h) You must meet the operating limits specified in paragraphs (a)
through (g) of this section no later than the date specified in
paragraph (h)(1) or (2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) For each OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per day
or for each small OSWI unit for which you conduct an initial
performance test under Sec. 60.2927(a), within 60 days after your OSWI
unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later
than 180 days after its initial startup.
(2) For each small OSWI unit for which you use the substitute means
of compliance demonstration under Sec. 60.2929, by the date you submit
to the Administrator the information required in Sec. 60.2929(b).
0
19. Section 60.2917 is amended by revising the section heading and the
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2917 What if I do not use a wet scrubber, dry scrubber, or
fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations?
If you use an air pollution control device other than a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter to
comply with the emission limitations under Sec. 60.2915, you must
petition EPA for specific operating limits, the values of which are to
be established during the performance test and then continuously
monitored thereafter. Additionally, unless you demonstrate continuous
compliance using the requirements in Sec. 60.2932(d), if you limit
emissions in some other manner, including material balances, to comply
with the emission limitations under Sec. 60.2915, then you must submit
a petition. You must submit the petition at least 60 days before the
performance test is scheduled to begin and not conduct the initial
performance test until after the petition has been approved by EPA.
Your petition must include the five items listed in paragraphs (a)
through (e) of this section.
* * * * *
Sec. 60.2918 [Removed]
0
20. Remove Sec. 60.2918.
0
21. Section 60.2922 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) through (f),
(g) introductory text, (g)(1)(i), and (g)(3)(i) and (ii) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2922 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance
test?
* * * * *
(b) All performance tests must be conducted using the methods in
tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart.
(c) All performance tests must be conducted using the minimum run
duration specified in tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart.
(d) EPA Method 1 of appendix A of this part must be used to select
the sampling location and number of traverse points.
(e) EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC
[[Page 54203]]
19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 60.17), in lieu of EPA
Method 3B, must be used for gas composition analysis, including
measurement of oxygen concentration. EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A
of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 must be used simultaneously
with each method.
(f) All pollutant concentrations, except for opacity, must be
adjusted to 7 percent oxygen using Equation 1 in Sec. 60.2975.
(g) EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part must be used for
hydrogen chloride concentration analysis, with the additional
requirements specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) * * *
(i) Assemble the sampling train(s) and conduct a conditioning run
by collecting between 14 liters per minute (0.5 cubic feet per minute)
and 30 liters per minute (1.0 cubic feet per minute) of gas over a one-
hour period. Follow the sampling procedures outlined in section 8.1.5
of EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part. For the conditioning run,
water can be used as the impinger solution.
* * * * *
(3) * * *
(i) The cyclone described in section 6.1.4 of EPA Method 26A of
appendix A of this part must be used.
(ii) The post-test moisture removal procedure described in section
8.1.6 of EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part must be used.
0
22. Section 60.2923 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2923 How are the performance test data used?
You use results of performance tests to demonstrate compliance with
the emission limitations in tables 1, 1a, and 1b of this subpart.
0
23. Section 60.2927 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2927 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations and establish the operating limits?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must
conduct an initial performance test, as required under Sec. 60.8, to
determine compliance with the emission limitations in table 1, 1a, or
1b of this subpart and to establish operating limits using the
procedures in Sec. 60.2916 or Sec. 60.2917. The initial performance
test must be conducted using the test methods listed in table 1, 1a, or
1b of this subpart and the procedures in Sec. 60.2922. In the event of
any conflict between Sec. 60.8 and the provisions of this subpart, the
provisions of this subpart shall apply.
(b) For small OSWI units, as defined in Sec. 60.2977, you must
demonstrate initial compliance according to paragraph (a) of this
section, unless you comply with the requirements for the substitute
means of compliance demonstration in Sec. 60.2929.
(c) As an alternative to conducting a performance test under
paragraph (a) of this section for carbon monoxide, you may use a 12-
hour rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average CEMS data to
determine compliance with the emission limitations in tables 1, 1a, and
1b of this subpart. The initial performance evaluation required by
Sec. 60.2940(b) must be conducted prior to collecting CEMS data that
will be used for the initial compliance demonstration.
0
24. Section 60.2928 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2928 By what date must I conduct the initial performance
test?
The initial performance test must be conducted within 60 days after
your OSWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no
later than 180 days after its initial startup. For units which start-up
between August 31, 2020 and [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE
FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], the initial performance test must
be conducted within 60 days after your OSWI unit reaches the charge
rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its
initial startup, or by [DATE 240 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever date is later.
0
25. Section 60.2929 is added to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2929 What are the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements for small OSWI units?
Instead of conducting the initial performance test in Sec.
60.2927(a), small OSWI units, as defined in Sec. 60.2977, may
demonstrate initial compliance according to the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section.
(a) You must submit the information specified in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section and comply with the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of
this section for each OSWI unit for which you are using a substitute
means of compliance demonstration.
(1) On or before [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] or within 60 days of startup, whichever is
later, you must submit a written notification to the Administrator that
you intend to use the substitute means of compliance demonstration.
Your submittal must include information on the design and operation of
the OSWI unit, including the information in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)
through (iii) of this section.
(i) Manufacturer, make, and model of the unit.
(ii) Type of unit (e.g., burn barrel, incinerator with secondary
chamber, etc.).
(iii) Capacity of the unit.
(2) Beginning on [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] or upon initial startup, whichever is later,
you must collect the data in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vii) of this
section. You must continue to collect the data in paragraphs (a)(2)(i)
through (vii) of this section until you meet the requirements of
paragraph (b) of this section.
(i) Identity and weight of each waste type (e.g., lbs of paper
waste, food waste, wood or yard waste) on a weekly total basis for the
date range the information is collected.
(ii) Identity and quantities (e.g., flow rate or percentage of
operating time) of supplemental fuels burned on a weekly total basis
for the date range the information is collected.
(iii) Percentage of total waste burned for each waste type on a
weekly average basis for the date range the information is collected.
(iv) Temperature indicative of the combustion chamber and
description of where temperature is measured. Record this information
on a 3-hour rolling average basis for the date range the information is
collected.
(v) Hours operated per day for the date range the information is
collected.
(vi) Charge rate each day in tons per day for the date range the
information is collected.
(vii) Operating parameter data for any air pollution control
devices. For wet scrubbers, include pressure drop across the scrubber
or amperage to the scrubber, scrubber liquor inlet flow rate, and
scrubber liquor pH at the outlet of the scrubber. For dry scrubbers,
include injection rate of each sorbent used. For electrostatic
precipitators, include the secondary voltage, secondary amperage, and
secondary power. Record this information on a 3-hour rolling average
basis for the date range the information is collected.
(b) On or before the latest of [DATE 21 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]; 60 days after the OSWI unit
reaches the charge rate at which it will operate; or 180 days after
initial startup, you must identify the results of
[[Page 54204]]
a performance test in the EPA's WebFIRE database that is representative
for your OSWI unit using the criteria in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through
(viii) of this section and submit the information in paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section. You must submit the information following the
procedure in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The performance test may
be any test that meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this
section, regardless of location, that is representative of your OSWI
unit.
(1) Identify the representative performance test used to
demonstrate initial compliance with each OSWI unit by submitting the
information in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section as
provided in the EPA's WebFIRE database for the performance test:
(i) Organization.
(ii) Facility.
(iii) City.
(iv) State.
(v) County.
(vi) Submission date.
(2) A description of how the test is representative for your OSWI
unit, based on the following criteria, using the data submitted as
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and collected as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section:
(i) Unit design, including type of unit and any associated air
pollution control devices.
(ii) Charge rate.
(iii) Type of operation (batch, continuous, intermittent).
(iv) Combustion temperature and location of temperature
measurement.
(v) Types of waste burned.
(vi) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.2977.
(vii) Type and amount of supplemental fuels.
(viii) Similarity of air pollution control devices and operation of
the air pollution control devices, if the performance test was
conducted on a unit with an air pollution control device.
(3) You must submit the information required in paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the
EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will
make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the
public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as confidential business information (CBI).
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim, submit the information, including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used
electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the
electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page
Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph
(b)(3). Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not
entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(c) Any performance test used as a representative test in a
substitute means of compliance demonstration under paragraph (b) of
this section must be conducted following the initial testing
requirements of Sec. 60.2922 and demonstrate compliance with the
emission limits in table 1b of this subpart. In addition to the results
of the performance test and the information required by Sec.
60.8(f)(2), the performance test report must contain the information in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this section.
(1) Unit design, including type of unit and any associated air
pollution control devices.
(2) Charge rate during the test.
(3) Type of operation (batch, continuous, intermittent).
(4) Combustion temperature and location of temperature measurement.
The temperature must be recorded continuously for each run of the
performance test. The performance test report must also identify the
lowest 1-hour average combustion chamber operating temperature.
(5) Types of waste burned during the test.
(6) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.2977, established
during the test.
(7) Type and amount of supplemental fuels burned during the test
and the timeframe that each supplemental fuel was burned during the
test.
(8) If the performance test was conducted on a unit with an air
pollution control device, the operating parameter data for the control
device must be recorded continuously for each run of the performance
test. The performance test report must also identify the lowest or
highest, as applicable, 1-hour average for the operating parameter.
(i) For wet scrubbers, the performance test report must include
data for pressure drop across the scrubber or amperage to the scrubber,
scrubber liquor inlet flow rate, and scrubber liquor pH at the outlet
of the scrubber.
(ii) For dry scrubbers, the performance test report must include
data for the injection rate of each sorbent used.
(iii) For electrostatic precipitators, the performance test report
must include data for the secondary voltage, secondary amperage, and
secondary power.
(d) If there are no results from a performance test that meet the
requirements of paragraph (c) of this section that are representative
of your OSWI unit, you must demonstrate initial compliance according to
the requirements of Sec. 60.2927(a).
0
26. Section 60.2932 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2932 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations and the operating limits?
You must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, unless you
own or operate a small OSWI unit, as defined in Sec. 60.2977. If you
own or operate a small OSWI unit, you must either comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section or the
requirements in paragraph (d) of this section.
(a) You must conduct an annual performance test for all of the
pollutants in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart for each OSWI unit to
determine compliance with the emission limitations, except if you own
or operate an OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per day,
you are not required to conduct an annual performance test for carbon
monoxide. The annual performance test must be conducted using the test
methods listed in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart and the procedures
in Sec. 60.2922.
(b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to
determine compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limitation.
Twelve-hour rolling average values, including CEMS data during startup
and shutdown as defined in this subpart, are used to determine
compliance. A 12-hour rolling average value above the carbon monoxide
emission limit in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart constitutes a
deviation from the emission limitation.
(c) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters
specified in Sec. 60.2916(a) through (f) or established under Sec.
60.2917. Three-hour rolling average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating limits,
[[Page 54205]]
with the exception of bag leak detection system alarm time, unless a
different averaging period is established under Sec. 60.2917. A 3-hour
rolling average value (unless a different averaging period is
established under Sec. 60.2917) above the established maximum or below
the established minimum operating limits constitutes a deviation from
the established operating limits. For bag leak detection systems, an
alarm time of more than 5 percent of the operating time during a 6-
month period constitutes a deviation from the operating limit.
Operating limits do not apply during performance tests.
(d) For each small OSWI unit, you must comply with the requirements
in paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) You must record the mass rate of each category of waste burned
and on a weekly average basis and you must maintain the percentage of
waste burned for each waste category within +/- 15 percent of the
percentage established for that waste category according to the waste
profile established under Sec. 60.2916(g) and maintain records as
required in Sec. 60.2949(p). Failure to maintain the percentage of
waste burned for each waste category within +/- 15 percent of the
percentage established for that waste category constitutes a deviation.
(2) If your waste profile will not meet the requirement in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, before combusting the modified waste
stream, you must either conduct a performance test of the unit using
the test methods listed in table 1b of this subpart and the procedures
in Sec. 60.2922 with a waste stream representative of the new waste
profile or identify a representative performance test for the new waste
profile. If you use a representative performance test, the performance
test must meet the requirements in Sec. 60.2929(c), and you must
submit the information in Sec. 60.2929(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator. Failure to conduct a performance test or identify a
representative test constitutes a deviation.
(3) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters
specified in Sec. 60.2916(b) through (f), as applicable. The total
daily charge rate is used to determine compliance with the charge rate
limit in Sec. 60.2916(a). For the operating parameters in Sec.
60.2916(b) through (f), determine compliance as described in paragraphs
(d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section. Failure to meet the operating
parameters specified in Sec. 60.2916(a) through (f) is a deviation.
(i) Three-hour rolling average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating parameter limits, unless your small OSWI
unit operates on a batch basis and it is operated for less than three
hours.
(ii) If your small OSWI unit operates on a batch basis, and you
operate for less than three hours, compliance with the operating
parameter limits are determined by averaging the operating parameter
over the length of the batch operation.
0
27. Section 60.2933 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2933 By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?
For each OSWI unit that is subject to the annual performance test
requirement in Sec. 60.2932(a), you must conduct annual performance
tests within 12 months following the initial performance test. Conduct
subsequent annual performance tests within 12 months following the
previous one.
0
28. Section 60.2934 is amended by adding paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2934 May I conduct performance testing less often?
* * * * *
(d) For small OSWI units demonstrating initial compliance following
the substitute means of compliance demonstration requirements in Sec.
60.2929, the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section
do not apply.
0
29. Section 60.2935 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2935 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new
operating limits?
(a) Yes, you may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to
establish new values for the operating limits. The Administrator may
request a repeat performance test at any time.
(b) For each small OSWI unit, as defined in Sec. 60.2977, for
which you opt to demonstrate continuous compliance following the
requirements in Sec. 60.2932(d), if you want to establish new
operating parameter limits or establish a different waste profile, you
must comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) You must conduct a new performance test of the unit using the
test methods listed in table 1b of this subpart and the procedures in
Sec. 60.2922 with a waste stream representative of the new waste
profile or under the new operating parameter limits.
(2) You must identify a representative performance test that meets
the requirements in Sec. 60.2929(c). You must submit the information
in Sec. 60.2929(b)(1) and (2) to the Administrator.
0
30. Section 60.2939 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2939 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I
install?
(a) For each OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per
day, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous
emission monitoring systems for carbon monoxide and for oxygen. You
must monitor the oxygen concentration at each location where you
monitor carbon monoxide.
* * * * *
0
31. Section 60.2940 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to
read as follows:
Sec. 60.2940 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring
systems are operating correctly?
* * * * *
(b) Complete your initial performance evaluation of the continuous
emission monitoring systems within 60 days after your OSWI unit reaches
the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180
days after its initial startup.
(c) For initial and annual performance evaluations, collect data
concurrently (or within 30 to 60 minutes) using your carbon monoxide
and oxygen continuous emission monitoring systems. To validate carbon
monoxide concentration levels, use EPA Method 10, 10A, or 10B of
appendix A of this part. Use EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A to this
part or ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
60.17), in lieu of Method 3B, to measure oxygen. Collect the data
during each initial and annual evaluation of your continuous emission
monitoring systems following the applicable performance specifications
in appendix B of this part. Table 3 of this subpart shows the required
span values and performance specifications that apply to each
continuous emission monitoring system.
* * * * *
0
32. Section 60.2942 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (f) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2942 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must
collect with my continuous emission monitoring systems?
(a) Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required,
obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Except for CEMS data during startup
and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, the 1-hour arithmetic
averages for carbon monoxide must be expressed in parts per million by
dry volume corrected to 7 percent oxygen. The
[[Page 54206]]
CEMS data during startup and shutdown are not corrected to 7 percent
oxygen and are measured at stack oxygen content. Use the 1-hour
averages of oxygen data from your CEMS to determine the actual oxygen
level and to calculate emissions at 7 percent oxygen. Use Equation 2 in
Sec. 60.2975 to calculate the 12-hour rolling averages from the 1-hour
arithmetic averages.
* * * * *
(f) If continuous emission monitoring systems are temporarily
unavailable to meet the data collection requirements, refer to table 3
of this subpart. It shows alternate methods for collecting data when
systems malfunction or when repairs, calibration checks, or zero and
span checks keep you from collecting the minimum amount of data.
Failure to collect required data is a deviation of the monitoring
requirements.
0
33. Section 60.2944 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (c), and adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2944 What operating parameter monitoring equipment must I
install, or what operating parameters must I monitor?
(a) You must install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications
at the frequency recommended by the manufacturer), maintain, and
operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the value of the
operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating
limits listed in table 2 of this subpart, as applicable. These devices
(or methods) must measure and record the values for these operating
parameters at the frequencies indicated in table 2 of this subpart at
all times. The devices must be positioned to provide a representative
measurement of the parameter monitored.
* * * * *
(c) If you are using a fabric filter to comply with the
requirements of this subpart, you must install, calibrate, maintain,
and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this section:
(1) You must install and operate a bag leak detection system for
each exhaust stack of the fabric filter. The bag leak sensor(s) must be
installed in a position(s) that will be representative of the relative
or absolute particulate matter loadings for each exhaust stack, roof
vent, or compartment of the fabric filter;
(2) Each bag leak detection system must be installed, operated,
calibrated, and maintained in a manner consistent with the
manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations; and in
accordance with the guidance provided in EPA-454/R-98-015 (incorporated
by reference, see Sec. 60.17(j));
(3) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the
manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at
concentrations of 1 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;
(4) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of
relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;
(5) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to
continuously record the output signal from the sensor;
(6) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm
system that will automatically alert an operator when an increase in
relative particulate matter emissions over a preset level is detected.
The alarm must be located where it is observed easily by plant
operating personnel;
(7) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak
detection system must be installed in each baghouse compartment or
cell. For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag leak
detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter; and
(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
(d) If you are required to petition the EPA for operating limits
under Sec. 60.2917, you must install, calibrate (to the manufacturers'
specifications), maintain, and operate the equipment necessary to
monitor compliance with the site-specific operating limits established
using the procedures in Sec. 60.2917.
0
34. Section 60.2949 is amended by revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (e) and (g), and adding paragraphs (p), (q), and
(r) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2949 What records must I keep?
You must maintain the information specified in paragraphs (a)
through (r) of this section, as applicable, for a period of at least 5
years.
* * * * *
(b) Records of the data described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (10)
of this section.
(1) The OSWI unit charge dates, times, weights, and total daily
charge rates.
(2) The combustion chamber operating temperature every 15 minutes
of operation.
(3) For each OSWI unit with a wet scrubber, the liquor flow rate to
the wet scrubber inlet, pressure drop across the wet scrubber system or
amperage to the wet scrubber, and liquor pH at the outlet of the wet
scrubber, every 15 minutes of operation.
(4) For each OSWI unit with a dry scrubber, the injection rate of
each sorbent, every 15 minutes of operation.
(5) For each OSWI unit with an electrostatic precipitator, the
secondary voltage, secondary current, and secondary electric power,
every 15 minutes of operation.
(6) For each OSWI unit with a fabric filter, the date, time, and
duration of each alarm; the times corrective action was initiated and
completed; and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and the
corrective action taken. You must also record the percent of the
operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds,
calculated as specified in Sec. 60.2916(f).
(7) For OSWI units that establish operating limits for controls
under Sec. 60.2917, you must maintain data collected for all operating
parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits.
(8) For OSWI units that use a carbon monoxide CEMS, all 1-hour
average concentrations of carbon monoxide and oxygen.
(9) All 12-hour rolling average values of carbon monoxide
emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (except during periods of
startup and shutdown), all 3-hour rolling average values of
continuously monitored operating parameters, and total daily charge
rates, as applicable.
(10) Records of the dates, times, and durations of any bypass of
the control device.
(c) Records of the start date and time and duration in hours of
each malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air
pollution control and monitoring equipment, and description of the
malfunction.
(d) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to
minimize emissions in accordance with Sec. 60.11(d), including
corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution
control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of
operation.
(e) Start date, start time, end date and end time for each period
for which monitoring data show a deviation from the carbon monoxide
emissions limit in table 1, 1a, or 1b of this subpart or a deviation
from the operating limits in table 2 of this subpart or a deviation
from other operating limits established under Sec. 60.2917 with a
description of the deviations, reasons for such deviations, and a
description of corrective actions taken. You must
[[Page 54207]]
record the start date, start time, end date and end time for each
period when all qualified operators were not accessible in accordance
with Sec. 60.2911.
* * * * *
(g) For carbon monoxide continuous emissions monitoring systems,
document the results of your annual performance evaluations, daily
drift tests and quarterly accuracy determinations according to
Procedure 1 of appendix F of this part.
* * * * *
(p) If you comply with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.2929 for your small OSWI unit,
you must keep the records specified in paragraphs (p)(1) through (4) of
this section.
(1) Copy of the notification submitted to the Administrator that
you intend to use the substitute means of compliance demonstration as
required in Sec. 60.2929(a)(1).
(2) Records of the data collected as required in Sec.
60.2929(a)(2).
(3) Copy of the representative performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance; and
(4) Documentation of how the test in paragraph (p)(3) of this
section is representative of the unit as required in Sec.
60.2929(b)(2).
(q) If you comply with the continuous compliance requirements of
Sec. 60.2932(d), you must keep records of the following elements
reported on a weekly basis at the frequency they are monitored in
accordance with table 2 of this subpart (e.g., each 3-hr average
recorded temperature), as specified in paragraphs (q)(1) through (7) of
this section.
(1) Start and end times the unit is operated when waste is being
combusted.
(2) Identity and weight of each waste category (e.g., lbs of solid
waste, food waste, wood or yard waste).
(3) Identities and quantities of supplemental fuel burned (e.g.
flow rate or percentage of operating time).
(4) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.2977.
(5) Temperature of unit combustion chamber and description of where
temperature is measured, as a three-hour average for each batch
operation.
(6) Charge rate (in tons per day) of each operation.
(7) For each OSWI unit using a wet scrubber, dry scrubber,
electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter, the records specified in
paragraph (b)(3) through (10) of this section, as applicable.
(r) Copies of any notifications submitted pursuant to Sec. Sec.
60.2887 and 60.2969.
0
35. Section 60.2954 is amended by revising the introductory text and
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2954 What information must I submit following my initial
performance test?
Unless you choose to comply with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.2929, you must submit the
information specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section no
later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All reports
must be signed by the facilities manager.
* * * * *
(c) The waste management plan, as specified in Sec. Sec. 60.2899
through 60.2901.
0
36. Section 60.2955 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2955 When must I submit my annual report?
You must submit an annual report no later than 12 months following
the submission of the information in Sec. 60.2954, unless you choose
to comply with the substitute means of compliance demonstration
requirements in Sec. 60.2929. If you choose to comply with the
substitute means of compliance demonstration requirements in Sec.
60.2929, you must submit an annual report no later than 12 months
following the submission of the information in Sec. 60.2929(b). You
must submit subsequent reports no more than 12 months following the
previous report. The permit will address the submittal of annual
reports for a unit with an operating permit required under title V of
the Clean Air Act.
0
37. Section 60.2956 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text and paragraphs (b) through (f);
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (g);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (h) and (j); and
0
d. Adding paragaph (k).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.2956 What information must I include in my annual report?
The annual report required under Sec. 60.2955 must include the
items listed in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section. If you have
a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations, you
must also submit deviation reports as specified in Sec. Sec. 60.2957
through 60.2959.
* * * * *
(b) Statement by the owner or operator, with their name, title, and
signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the
report. Such certifications must also comply with the requirements of
40 CFR 70.5(d) or 40 CFR 71.5(d). If your report is submitted via
CEDRI, the certifier's electronic signature during the submission
process replaces this requirement.
(c) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting
period. You are no longer required to provide the date of report when
the report is submitted via CEDRI.
(d) Identification of each OSWI unit, and for each OSWI unit, the
parameters monitored and values for the operating limits established
pursuant to Sec. 60.2916 or Sec. 60.2917.
(e) If no deviations from any emission limitation or operating
limit that applies to you has occurred during the annual reporting
period, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission
limitations or operating limits during the reporting period. If you use
a CMS to monitor emissions or operating parameters and there were no
periods during which any CMS was inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning
or out of control, a statement that no monitoring system used to
determine compliance with the emission limitations or operating limits
was inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning or out of control.
(f) The highest recorded 12-hour average and the lowest recorded
12-hour average, as applicable, for carbon monoxide emissions if you
are using a CEMS to demonstrate continuous compliance and the highest
recorded 3-hour average and the lowest recorded 3-hour average, as
applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year
being reported.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) If a performance test was conducted during the reporting
period, identification of the OSWI unit tested, the pollutant(s)
tested, and the date of the performance test. Submit, following the
procedure specified in Sec. 60.2961(b), the performance test report no
later than the date that you submit the annual report.
* * * * *
(j) The start date, start time, and duration in hours for each
period when all qualified OSWI unit operators were unavailable for more
than 12 hours, but less than 2 weeks.
(k) If you are complying with the continuous compliance
requirements for small OSWI units in Sec. 60.2932(d) and have had no
deviations from the weekly waste profile requirements or deviations
from the operating limits, a statement that there were no deviations
from the weekly waste profile requirements, and the OSWI unit has been
operated within the operating parameter limits established during the
representative
[[Page 54208]]
performance test identified in the information submitted as required in
Sec. 60.2929(b) or the initial performance test conducted by the
source as required in Sec. 60.2929(d).
0
38. Section 60.2957 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraph (a) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2957 What other reports must I submit if I have a deviation?
(a) You must submit a deviation report as specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any requirement or obligation
established by this subpart, including but not limited to any emission
limitation, operating limit, or operator qualification and
accessibility requirements.
(2) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any term or condition that is
adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that
is included in the operating permit for any unit that meets the
requirements in Sec. 60.2885 and is required to obtain such a permit.
(3) If you deviate from the requirements to have a qualified
operator accessible as specified in Sec. 60.2911, you must meet the
requirements of Sec. 60.2959.
* * * * *
0
39. Section 60.2958 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2958 What must I include in the deviation report?
In each report required under Sec. 60.2957, you must include the
company name and address and the beginning and ending dates for the
reporting period. For any pollutant or operating parameter that
deviated from the emission limitations, operating limits or other
requirement specified in this subpart, or for each CMS that experienced
downtime or was out of control, include the items described in
paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section, as applicable. If you are
complying with the continuous compliance requirements for small OSWI
units in Sec. 60.2932(d), you must also include the items described in
paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. You must identify the OSWI unit
associated with the information required in paragraphs (a) through (i)
in your deviation report.
(a) Identification of the emission limit, operating parameter or
other requirement from which there was a deviation and the start date,
start time, and duration in hours of each deviation.
(b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates, including, when
applicable, the information recorded under Sec. 60.2949(b)(9) and (c)
through (e) for the calendar period being reported.
(c) The cause of each deviation from the emission limitations,
operating limits or other requirement and your corrective actions.
(d) For each CMS, the start date, start time, duration in hours,
and cause for each instance of monitor downtime (other than downtime
associated with zero, span, and other routine calibration checks).
(e) For each CMS, the start date, start time, duration in hours,
and corrective action taken for each instance that the monitor is out
of control.
(f) The dates, times, and duration in hours of any bypass of the
control device and your corrective actions.
(g) For batch OSWI units, the dates, times, and duration in hours
of any deviation from the requirements to have a qualified operator
accessible as required in Sec. 60.2911.
(h) If you are complying with the continuous compliance
requirements for small OSWI units in Sec. 60.2932(d), the dates,
times, duration in weeks and cause for each deviation from the waste
profile required in Sec. 60.2932(d)(1).
(i) The dates, times, duration in hours, and cause for each
deviation from the operating parameter limits established during the
representative performance test identified in the information submitted
as required in Sec. 60.2929(b) or the initial performance test
conducted by the source as required in Sec. 60.2927(a).
0
40. Section 60.2961 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2961 In what form can I submit my reports?
(a) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you must submit annual and deviation reports
electronically or in paper format, postmarked on or before the
submittal due dates. Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], or once the report template
for this subpart has been available on the Compliance and Emissions
Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) website for one year, whichever date
is later, you must submit all subsequent annual compliance reports and
deviation reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA
will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the
public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as confidential business information (CBI).
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. You must
use the appropriate electronic report template on the CEDRI website
(https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri) for this
subpart. The date report templates become available will be listed on
the CEDRI website. The report must be submitted by the deadline
specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report
is submitted. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of
CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim, submit a complete report,
including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The report must be
generated using the appropriate form on the CEDRI website or an
alternate electronic file consistent with the extensible markup
language (XML) schema listed on the CEDRI website. Submit the file on a
compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium
to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham,
NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the
EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled
to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions
data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(b) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing
each performance test required by this subpart, you must submit the
results of the performance test following the procedures specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's
Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website
(https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the
performance test to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be submitted in a
file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively,
you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the
EPA's ERT
[[Page 54209]]
as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test. The results
of the performance test must be included as an attachment in the ERT or
an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on
the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative
file to the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI.
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim for some of the information required under paragraph (b)(1)
or (2) of this section, you must submit a complete file, including
information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated
through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit
the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used
electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the
electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group
Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd.,
Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted
to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of
submission. Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(c) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing
each continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) performance
evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation
following the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of
this section.
(1) Performance evaluations of CEMS measuring relative accuracy
test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as
listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the evaluation. Submit
the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via CEDRI, which
can be accessed through the EPA's CDX. The data must be submitted in a
file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively,
you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Performance evaluations of CEMS measuring RATA pollutants that
are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website
at the time of the evaluation. The results of the performance
evaluation must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate
electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT
website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the
EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI.
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim for some of the information required under paragraph (c)(1)
or (2) of this section, you must submit a complete file, including
information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated
through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit
the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used
electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the
electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group
Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd.,
Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted
to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of
submission. Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(d) If you are required to electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of EPA system outage for
failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a
claim of EPA system outage, you must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI
and submitting a required report within the time prescribed due to an
outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX systems.
(2) The outage must have occurred within the period of time
beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is
due.
(3) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
(4) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a
delay in reporting.
(5) You must provide to the Administrator a written description
identifying:
(i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed and the
system was unavailable;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the
regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
(iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize
the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification,
the date you reported.
(6) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow
an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion
of the Administrator.
(7) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted
electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
(e) If you are required to electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of force majeure for
failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a
claim of force majeure, you must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to
occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such
an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior
to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a
force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been
caused by circumstances beyond the control of the affected facility,
its contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected facility that
prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report
electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such
events are acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods),
acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond
the control of the affected facility (e.g., large scale power outage).
(2) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a
delay in reporting.
(3) You must provide to the Administrator:
[[Page 54210]]
(i) A written description of the force majeure event;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the
regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
(iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize
the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification,
the date you reported.
(4) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an
extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of
the Administrator.
(5) In any circumstance, the reporting must occur as soon as
possible after the force majeure event occurs.
0
41. Section 60.2966 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2966 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V
operating permit for my unit?
(a) Yes, if your OSWI unit meets the applicability criteria in
Sec. 60.2885 and thus is subject to this subpart, you are required to
obtain a title V operating permit for your OSWI unit.
(b) Air curtain incinerators as specified in Sec. 60.2888(b) and
subject only to the requirements in Sec. Sec. 60.2970 through 60.2973
are exempted from title V permitting requirements per these
regulations.
0
42. Section 60.2967 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2967 When must I submit a title V permit application for my
new unit?
(a) If your new unit subject to this subpart is applying for a
permit for the first time, a complete title V permit application must
be submitted timely either 12 months after the date the unit commences
operation as a new source or before one of the dates specified in
paragraph (b) of this section, as applicable. See section 503(c) of the
Clean Air Act and 40 CFR 70.5(a)(1)(i) and 40 CFR 71.5(a)(1)(i).
(b) For a unit that commenced operation as a new source as of
December 16, 2005, then a complete title V permit application must be
submitted not later than December 18, 2006. For a small OSWI unit that
commenced operation as a new source as of [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], a complete title V permit application
must be submitted not later than [DATE 1 YEAR AND 1 DAY AFTER
PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
Sec. 60.2970 [Amended]
0
43. Section 60.2970 is amended by removing and reserving paragraph (b).
0
44. Section 60.2972 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2972 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators
that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
(a) Use EPA Method 9 of appendix A of this part or ASTM D7520-16
(incorporated by reference (IBR), see Sec. 60.17), to determine
compliance with the opacity limitation.
* * * * *
0
45. Section 60.2973 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2973 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements
for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste?
* * * * *
(e) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER], submit initial and annual opacity test reports
as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date.
On and after [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing the
initial opacity test and each annual opacity test required by this
subpart, you must submit the results of the opacity test following the
procedures specified in Sec. 60.2961(b)(1) through (3).
* * * * *
Sec. 60.2974 [Removed]
0
46. Remove Sec. 60.2974.
0
47. Section 60.2975 is amended by revising parameters ``Ea''
and ``Ehj'' of Equation 2 in paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2975 What equations must I use?
* * * * *
(d) * * *
Ea = Average carbon monoxide pollutant rate for the 12-
hour period, ppm corrected to 7 percent O2. Note that a
12-hour period may include CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as
defined in the subpart, in which case the period will not consist
entirely of data that have been corrected to 7 percent
O2.
Ehj = Hourly arithmetic average pollutant rate for hour
``j,'' ppm corrected to 7 percent O2. CEMS data during
startup and shutdown, as defined in the subpart, are not corrected
to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content.
0
48. Section 60.2977 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the definition for ``Administrator'';
0
b. Adding in alphabetical order a definition for ``CEMS data during
startup and shutdown'';
0
c. Removing the definition for ``Collected from'';
0
d. Revising the definitions for ``Deviation,'' ``Low-level radioactive
waste,'' ``Municipal waste combustion unit,'' and ``Particulate
matter''; and
0
e. Adding in alphabetical order definitions for ``Small OSWI unit'' and
``Waste profile.''
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 60.2977 What definitions must I know?
* * * * *
Administrator means:
(1) For approved and effective state section 111(d)/129 plans, the
Director of the state air pollution control agency, or his or her
delegatee;
(2) For Federal section 111(d)/129 plans, the Administrator of the
EPA, an employee of the EPA, the Director of the state air pollution
control agency, or employee of the state air pollution control agency
to whom the authority has been delegated by the Administrator of the
EPA to perform the specified task; and
(3) For NSPS, the Administrator of the EPA, an employee of the EPA,
the Director of the state air pollution control agency, or employee of
the state air pollution control agency to whom the authority has been
delegated by the Administrator of the EPA to perform the specified
task.
* * * * *
CEMS data during startup and shutdown means CEMS data collected
during the first hours of a OSWI startup from a cold start until waste
is fed to the unit and the hours of operation following the cessation
of waste material being fed to the OSWI during a unit shutdown. For
each startup event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as
being CEMS data during startup must be 48 operating hours or less. For
each shutdown event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed
as being CEMS data during shutdown must be 24 operating hours or less.
* * * * *
Deviation means any instance in which a unit that meets the
requirements in Sec. 60.2885, or an owner or operator of such a
source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limitation,
operating limit, or operator qualification and accessibility
requirements; and
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating
[[Page 54211]]
permit for any unit that meets the requirements in Sec. 60.2885 and is
required to obtain such a permit.
* * * * *
Low-level radioactive waste means waste material that contains
radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation, or
both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed applicable federal or
state standards for unrestricted release. Low-level radioactive waste
is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct
material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2014(e)(2)).
* * * * *
Municipal waste combustion unit means, for the purpose of this
subpart and subpart FFFF of this part, any setting or equipment that
combusts municipal solid waste (as defined in this subpart) including,
but not limited to, field-erected, modular, cyclonic burn barrel, and
custom built incineration units (with or without energy recovery)
operating with starved or excess air, boilers, furnaces, and air
curtain incinerators (except those air curtain incinerators listed in
Sec. 60.2888(b)).
* * * * *
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from OSWI
units as measured by EPA Method 5 or EPA Method 29 of appendix A of
this part.
* * * * *
Small OSWI unit means OSWI units with capacities less than or equal
to 10 tons per day.
* * * * *
Waste profile means for a small OSWI unit the amount of each waste
category burned as a percentage of total waste burned on a mass basis.
* * * * *
0
49. Table 1 to subpart EEEE of part 60 is amended by revising the
heading, rows 7, 8, and 10, and footnote ``a'' to read as follows:
Table 1 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Emission Limitations for OSWI Units
With Initial Startup Before [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER]
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet this And determining
For the air pollutant emission limitation a Using this averaging compliance using this
time method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
7. Opacity........................... 10 percent............. 6-minute average Method 9 of appendix A
(observe over three 1- of this part, or ASTM
hour test runs; i.e., D7520-16 (incorporated
thirty 6-minute by reference (IBR) see
averages). Sec. 60.17), if the
following conditions
are met:
1. During the digital
camera opacity
technique (DCOT)
certification
procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM
D7520-16, you or the
DCOT vendor must
present the plumes in
front of various
backgrounds of color
and contrast
representing
conditions anticipated
during field use such
as blue sky, trees,
and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a
sparse tree stand).
2. You must also have
standard operating
procedures in place
including daily or
other frequency
quality checks to
ensure the equipment
is within
manufacturing
specifications as
outlined in Section
8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
3. You must follow the
recordkeeping
procedures outlined in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1) for
the DCOT
certification,
compliance report,
data sheets, and all
raw unaltered JPEGs
used for opacity and
certification
determination.
4. You or the DCOT
vendor must have a
minimum of four
independent technology
users apply the
software to determine
the visible opacity of
the 300 certification
plumes. For each set
of 25 plumes, the user
may not exceed 15
percent opacity of any
one reading and the
average error must not
exceed 7.5 percent
opacity.
[[Page 54212]]
8. Oxides of nitrogen................ 103 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D,
by dry volume. minimum sample time or 7E of appendix A of
per run). this part, or ANSI/
ASME PTC 19.10-1981
(IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
* * * * * * *
10. Sulfur dioxide................... 3.1 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 6 or 6C of
by dry volume. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) in lieu
of Method 6 only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7
percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack
oxygen content.
* * * * *
0
50. Tables 1a and 1b to subpart EEEE of part 60 are added to read as
follows:
Table 1a to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Emission Limitations for OSWI
Units With Capacities Greater Than 10 Tons Per Day and With Initial
Startup On or After [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER]
As stated in Sec. 60.2915, you must comply with the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet this And determining
For the air pollutant emission limitation a Using this averaging compliance using this
time method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Cadmium........................... 18 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
2. Carbon monoxide................... 40 parts per million by 3-run average (1 hour Method 10, 10A, or 10B
dry volume. minimum sample time of appendix A of this
per run during part and CEMS.
performance test), and
12-hour rolling
averages measured
using CEMS b.
3. Dioxins/furans (total basis)...... 33 nanograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 23 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample meter of this part.
time per run).
4. Hydrogen chloride................. 15 parts per million by 3-run average (1 hour Method 26A of appendix
dry volume. minimum sample time A of this part.
per run).
5. Lead.............................. 226 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
6. Mercury........................... 74 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
7. Opacity........................... 10 percent............. 6-minute average Method 9 of appendix A
(observe over three 1- of this part, or ASTM
hour test runs; i.e., D7520-16 (IBR, see
thirty 6-minute Sec. 60.17), if the
averages). following conditions
are met:
1. During the digital
camera opacity
technique (DCOT)
certification
procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM
D7520-16, you or the
DCOT vendor must
present the plumes in
front of various
backgrounds of color
and contrast
representing
conditions anticipated
during field use such
as blue sky, trees,
and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a
sparse tree stand).
2. You must also have
standard operating
procedures in place
including daily or
other frequency
quality checks to
ensure the equipment
is within
manufacturing
specifications as
outlined in Section
8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
[[Page 54213]]
3. You must follow the
recordkeeping
procedures outlined in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1) for
the DCOT
certification,
compliance report,
data sheets, and all
raw unaltered JPEGs
used for opacity and
certification
determination.
4. You or the DCOT
vendor must have a
minimum of four
independent technology
users apply the
software to determine
the visible opacity of
the 300 certification
plumes. For each set
of 25 plumes, the user
may not exceed 15
percent opacity of any
one reading and the
average error must not
exceed 7.5 percent
opacity.
8. Oxides of nitrogen................ 103 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D,
by dry volume. minimum sample time or 7E of appendix A of
per run). this part, or ANSI/
ASME PTC 19.10-1981
(IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
9. Particulate matter................ 0.013 grains per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 5 or 29 of
standard cubic foot. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part.
10. Sulfur dioxide................... 3.1 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 6 or 6C of
by dry volume. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) in lieu
of Method 6 only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7
percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack
oxygen content.
b Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
Table 1b to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Emission Limitations for Small
OSWI With Initial Startup On or After [DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]
As stated in Sec. 60.2915, you must comply with the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet this And determining
For the air pollutant emission limitation a Using this averaging compliance using this
time method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Cadmium........................... 400 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
2. Carbon monoxide................... 69 parts per million by 3-run average (1 hour Method 10, 10A, or 10B
dry volume. minimum sample time of appendix A of this
per run during part
performance test), and
12-hour rolling
averages measured
using CEMS b.
3a. Dioxins/furans (total mass basis) 3,100 nanograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 23 of appendix A
c. standard cubic meter. minimum sample meter of this part.
time per run).
3b. Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency 40 nanograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 23 of appendix A
basis) c. standard cubic meter. minimum sample meter of this part.
time per run).
4. Hydrogen chloride................. 210 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 26A of appendix
by dry volume. minimum sample time A of this part.
per run).
5. Lead.............................. 26,000 micrograms per 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
dry standard cubic minimum sample time of this part.
meter. per run).
6. Mercury........................... 12 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
[[Page 54214]]
7. Opacity........................... 10 percent............. 6-minute average Method 9 of appendix A
(observe over three 1- of this part, or ASTM
hour test runs; i.e., D7520-16 (IBR, see
thirty 6-minute Sec. 60.17), if the
averages). following conditions
are met:
1. During the digital
camera opacity
technique (DCOT)
certification
procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM
D7520-16, you or the
DCOT vendor must
present the plumes in
front of various
backgrounds of color
and contrast
representing
conditions anticipated
during field use such
as blue sky, trees,
and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a
sparse tree stand).
2. You must also have
standard operating
procedures in place
including daily or
other frequency
quality checks to
ensure the equipment
is within
manufacturing
specifications as
outlined in Section
8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
3. You must follow the
recordkeeping
procedures outlined in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1) for
the DCOT
certification,
compliance report,
data sheets, and all
raw unaltered JPEGs
used for opacity and
certification
determination.
4. You or the DCOT
vendor must have a
minimum of four
independent technology
users apply the
software to determine
the visible opacity of
the 300 certification
plumes. For each set
of 25 plumes, the user
may not exceed 15
percent opacity of any
one reading and the
average error must not
exceed 7.5 percent
opacity.
8. Oxides of nitrogen................ 180 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D,
by dry volume. minimum sample time or 7E of appendix A of
per run). this part, or ANSI/
ASME PTC 19.10-1981
(IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
9. Particulate matter................ 210 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 5 or 29 of
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part.
10. Sulfur dioxide................... 38 parts per million by 3-run average (1 hour Method 6 or 6C of
dry volume. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) in lieu
of Method 6 only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard
conditions.
b Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
c For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
0
51. Table 2 to subpart EEEE of part 60 is revised to read as follows:
Table 2 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Operating Limits for Incinerators
As stated in Sec. 60.2916, you must comply with the following:
[[Page 54215]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must establish And monitoring using these minimum frequencies
For these operating parameters these operating -----------------------------------------------------------
limits Data measurement Data recording Averaging time
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Charge rate.................. Maximum charge Periodic.......... For batch, each Daily for batch
rate. batch. For units or small
continuous or OSWI units
intermittent complying with
every hour. Sec.
60.2932(d). 3-
hour rolling for
continuous and
intermittent
units.a
2. Combustion temperature....... Minimum combustion Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
chamber operating
temperature.
3. Pressure drop across the wet Minimum pressure Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
scrubber or amperage to wet drop or amperage.
scrubber.
4. Wet scrubber liquor flow rate Minimum flow rate Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
at inlet to the
scrubber.
5. Wet scrubber liquor pH....... Minimum pH at Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
scrubber outlet.
6. Dry scrubber sorbent Minimum injection Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
injection. rate of each
sorbent.
7. Electrostatic precipitator Minimum secondary Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.a
secondary electric power. electric power,
calculated from
the secondary
voltage and
secondary current.
8. Bag leak detection system Alarm time <5 Continuous........ Each date and time Calculate alarm
alarm time. percent of the of alarm start time as specified
operating time and stop. in Sec.
during a 6-month 60.2916(f).
period.
9. Waste profile................ The amount of each Periodic.......... For batch, each Weekly.
waste category batch. For
burned as a continuous or
percentage of intermittent
total waste every hour.
burned on a mass
basis.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.
0
52. Table 3 to subpart EEEE of part 60 is amended by revising row 2 to
read as follows:
Table 3 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Requirements for Continuous
Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If needed to meet
Use the following minimum data
performance requirements, use the
For the following pollutants Use the following span specifications (P.S.) following alternate
values for your CEMS in appendix B of this methods in appendix A
part for your CEMS of this part to collect
data
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
2. Oxygen............................ 25 percent oxygen...... P.S.3.................. Method 3A or 3B, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-
1981 (IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Method 3B only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
53. Table 4 to subpart EEEE of part 60 is amended by revising row 1 and
4 to read as follows:
Table 4 to Subpart EEEE of Part 60--Summary of Reporting Requirements
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Report Due date Contents Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Preconstruction report.......... a. Prior to commencing i. Statement of intent to Sec. 60.2952.
construction. construct;. Sec. 60.2952.
ii. Anticipated date of
commencement of
construction;.
[[Page 54216]]
* * * * * * *
4. Annual report................... a. No later than 12 i. Company Name and Sec. Sec. 60.2955
months following the address;. and 60.2956.
submission of the
initial test report.
Subsequent reports
are to be submitted
no more than 12
months following the
previous report.
ii. Statement and signature Sec. Sec. 60.2955
by the owner or operator;. and 60.2956.
iii. Date of report;....... Sec. Sec. 60.2955
and 60.2956.
iv. Values for the Sec. Sec. 60.2955
operating limits;. and 60.2956.
v. If no deviations or Sec. Sec. 60.2955
malfunctions were and 60.2956.
reported, a statement that
no deviations occurred
during the reporting
period;.
* * * * * * *
xi. For each small OSWI Sec. Sec. 60.2955
unit for which you and 60.2956.
demonstrate continuous
compliance according to
Sec. 60.2932(d), if no
deviations from the
percentages established
for each waste category
according to the waste
profile required in Sec.
60.2932(d)(1) and the OSWI
unit has been operated
within the operating
parameter limits, a
statement that there were
no deviations from the
weekly waste profile
requirements and the OSWI
unit has been operated
within the operating
parameter limits.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
0
54. Subpart FFFF of part 60 is amended by revising the subpart heading
to read as follows:
Subpart FFFF--Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units
0
55. Section 60.2980 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2980 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes emission guidelines and compliance
schedules for the control of emissions from other solid waste
incineration (OSWI) units. The pollutants addressed by these emission
guidelines are listed in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart. These
emission guidelines are developed in accordance with sections 111(d)
and 129 of the Clean Air Act and subpart B of this part.
0
56. Section 60.2981 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2981 Am I affected by this subpart?
(a) If you are the Administrator of an air quality program in a
State or United States protectorate with one or more existing
incineration units as defined in Sec. 60.2992, you must submit a State
plan to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that implements
the emission guidelines contained in this subpart.
(b) You must submit the State plan to EPA by the dates specified in
paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) By December 18, 2006, for OSWI units that commenced
construction prior to December 9, 2004 or commenced reconstruction or
modification on or before June 16, 2006.
(2) By [DATE 1 YEAR AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER] for OSWI units that commenced construction after
December 9, 2004 or reconstruction or modification after June 16, 2006
but prior to August 31, 2020.
0
57. Section 60.2982 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2982 Is a State plan required for all States?
No, you are not required to submit a State plan if there are no
existing incineration units that are an OSWI unit as defined in
Sec. Sec. 60.2992 and 60.3078 or air curtain incinerators subject to
this subpart as described in Sec. 60.2994 in your State and you submit
a negative declaration letter in place of the State plan.
0
58. Section 60.2983 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2983 What must I include in my State plan?
* * * * *
(b) Your State plan may deviate from the format and content of the
emission guidelines contained in this subpart. However, if your State
plan does deviate, you must demonstrate that your State plan is at
least as protective as the emission guidelines contained in this
subpart. Your State plan must address regulatory applicability,
compliance schedule, operator training and qualification, a waste
management plan, emission limitations, stack testing or substitute
means of compliance, operating parameter requirements, monitoring,
recordkeeping and reporting, and air curtain incinerator requirements.
* * * * *
0
59. Section 60.2985 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2985 What if my State plan is not approvable?
(a) If you do not submit an approvable State plan (or a negative
declaration letter) by December 17, 2007, EPA will develop a Federal
plan according to Sec. 60.27 to implement the emission guidelines
contained in this subpart.
(b) If you do not submit an approvable State plan that meets the
requirements of this subpart and contains the emission limits in table
2b of this subpart by [DATE 1 YEAR AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], for OSWI units that commenced construction
after December 9, 2004 but no later than August 31, 2020 or commenced
reconstruction or modification after June 16, 2006 but no later than
[DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the EPA will develop a Federal plan according to Sec.
60.27, to implement the emission guidelines contained in this subpart.
[[Page 54217]]
(c) Owners and operators of incineration units not covered by an
approved State plan must comply with the Federal plan. The Federal plan
is an interim action and applies to units until a State plan covering
those units is approved and becomes effective.
0
60. Section 60.2986 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2986 Is there an approval process for a negative declaration
letter?
No, EPA has no formal review process for negative declaration
letters. Once we receive your negative declaration letter, we will
place a copy in the public docket and publish a notice in the Federal
Register. If, at a later date, an existing incineration unit as defined
in Sec. 60.2992 is found in your State, the Federal plan implementing
the emission guidelines contained in this subpart would automatically
apply to that unit until your State plan is approved.
0
61. Section 60.2987 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text and paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (b) as paragraph (c); and
0
c. Adding paragraph (b).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.2987 What compliance schedule must I include in my State
plan?
Your State plan must include compliance schedules that require
existing incineration units as defined in Sec. 60.2992 to achieve
final compliance as expeditiously as practicable after approval of the
State plan but not later than the earlier of the following dates:
(a) December 16, 2010 for existing incineration units specified in
Sec. 60.2992(a)(1).
(b) [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER] for existing incineration units specified in Sec.
60.2992(a)(2).
* * * * *
0
62. Section 60.2988 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2988 Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart
that apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B of this
part?
* * * * *
(a) State plans developed to implement this subpart must be as
protective as the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. State
plans must require all existing incineration units as defined in Sec.
60.2992(a)(1) to comply by December 16, 2010 or 3 years after the
effective date of State plan approval, whichever is sooner. State plans
must require all existing incineration units as defined in Sec.
60.2992(a)(2) to comply by [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] or 3 years after the effective date of
State plan approval, whichever is sooner. This applies instead of the
option for case-by-case less stringent emission standards and longer
compliance schedules in Sec. 60.24(f).
* * * * *
0
63. Section 60.2989 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2989 Does this subpart directly affect incineration unit
owners and operators in my state?
(a) No, this subpart does not directly affect incineration unit
owners and operators in your state. However, unit owners and operators
must comply with the State plan you develop to implement the emission
guidelines contained in this subpart.
(b) You must submit an approvable plan as required in paragraphs
(b)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) For OSWI units with capacities greater than 10 tons per day, if
you do not submit an approvable plan to implement and enforce the
guidelines contained in this subpart by December 17, 2007, EPA will
implement and enforce a Federal plan, as provided in Sec. 60.2985, to
ensure that each unit within your State reaches compliance with all the
provisions of this subpart by December 16, 2010.
(2) For small OSWI units, if you do not submit an approvable State
plan to implement and enforce the guidelines contained in this subpart
by [DATE 2 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], for OSWI units that commenced construction, reconstruction,
or modification on or before August 31, 2020, the EPA will implement
and enforce a federal plan, as provided in Sec. 60.2985, to ensure
that each unit within your state that commenced construction,
reconstruction, or modification on or before August 31, 2020, reaches
compliance with all the provisions of this subpart by [DATE 5 YEARS
AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].
0
64. Section 60.2990 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2990 What Authorities are withheld by EPA?
The following authorities are withheld by EPA and not transferred
to the State, local or tribal agency:
(1) The authority to approve alternatives to the emission
limitations in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart and operating limits
established under Sec. 60.3023 and table 3 of this subpart.
(2) The authority to approve petitions for specific operating
limits in accordance with the requirements in Sec. 60.3024.
(3) The authority of the Administrator to receive and grant
petitions under Sec. 60.8(b)(3) to approve of major alternatives to
test methods in Sec. 60.3027.
(4) The authority to approve major alternatives to monitoring in
Sec. Sec. 60.3038 through 60.3044.
(5) The authority to approve major alternatives to recordkeeping
and reporting in Sec. Sec. 60.3046 through 60.3057.
(6) The authority to receive the required notices and to approve
continued operation in connection with the status report requirements
in Sec. 60.3020(c)(2).
(7) The authority of the Administrator to receive and grant
petitions under Sec. 60.11(e)(6) through (8) to adjust opacity
standards and establish opacity standards in accordance with Sec.
60.3022 and Sec. Sec. 60.3066 through 60.3068.
(8) The authority of the Administrator under Sec. 60.8(b)(4) to
waive performance test and Sec. 60.8(b)(5) to approve shorter sampling
times or smaller sample volumes.
(9) The authority to approve an alternative to any electronic
reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.
0
65. Section 60.2991 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2991 What incineration units must I address in my State
plan?
* * * * *
(b) The incineration unit is an OSWI unit as defined in Sec.
60.3078 or an air curtain incinerator (ACI) subject to this subpart as
described in Sec. 60.2994(b). OSWI units are very small municipal
waste combustion units and institutional waste incineration units as
defined in Sec. 60.3078, and include small OSWI units (either very
small municipal waste combustion units or institutional waste
incinerators).
* * * * *
0
66. Section 60.2992 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2992 What is an existing incineration unit?
(a) An existing incineration unit covered by state plan regulations
under this subpart is an OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.3078 or air
curtain incinerator as specified in Sec. 60.2994, which meets the
criteria in paragraph (a)(1) or (3) of this section except as provided
in paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) The OSWI unit or air curtain incinerator subject to this
subpart
[[Page 54218]]
commenced construction on or before December 9, 2004.
(2) The OSWI unit or air curtain incinerator subject to this
subpart is a small OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.3078 and commenced
construction on or before August 31, 2020.
(3) If the OSWI unit or air curtain incinerator subject to this
subpart is a small OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.3078 that commenced
construction after December 9, 2004 and prior to August 31, 2020, the
unit remains subject to the applicable requirements of subpart EEEE of
this part (New Source Performance Standards for Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units) until the unit becomes subject to a state plan or
federal plan that implements this subpart.
(b) If the owner or operator of an incineration unit that commenced
construction on or before December 9, 2005 makes changes that meet the
definition of modification or reconstruction on or after June 16, 2006,
the unit becomes subject to subpart EEEE of this part (New Source
Performance Standards for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units) and the
State plan no longer applies to that unit. If the incineration unit is
a small OSWI unit as defined in Sec. 60.3078 that meets the definition
of modification or reconstruction on and after June 16, 2006 and prior
to [DATE 6 MONTHS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL
REGISTER], the unit remains subject to the applicable requirements of
subpart EEEE of this part (New Source Performance Standards for Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units) until the unit becomes subject to a
state plan or federal plan that implements this subpart.
(c) If the owner or operator of an existing incineration unit makes
physical or operational changes to the unit primarily to comply with
the State plan, then subpart EEEE of this part does not apply to that
unit. Such changes do not qualify as modifications or reconstructions
under subpart EEEE of this part.
0
67. Section 60.2993 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3)
to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2993 Are any combustion units excluded from my State plan?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) Has a federally enforceable permit limiting the combustion of
municipal solid waste to 30 percent of the total fuel input by weight.
* * * * *
(3) Provides the Administrator with a copy of the federally
enforceable permit.
* * * * *
0
68. Section 60.2994 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2994 Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this
subpart?
(a) Air curtain incinerators that burn less than 35 tons per day of
municipal solid waste or air curtain incinerators located at
institutional facilities burning any amount of institutional waste
generated at that facility are incineration units subject to all
requirements of this subpart, including the emission limitations
specified in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart.
(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn less than 35 tons per day
and burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of
this section collected from the general public and from residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial sources; or, air curtain
incinerators located at institutional facilities that burn only the
materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section
generated at that facility, are required to meet only the requirements
in Sec. Sec. 60.3062 through 60.3068 and are exempt from all other
requirements of this subpart.
* * * * *
0
69. Section 60.2998 is amended by revising the introductory text and
adding paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.2998 What are the principal components of the model rule?
The model rule contains eleven major components, as follows:
* * * * *
(j) Definitions.
(k) Tables.
0
70. Section 60.3003 is added to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3003 What else must I do prior to the compliance date if I
meet the substitute means of compliance demonstration?
If you intend to meet the requirements for the substitute means of
compliance demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.3032, the
requirements in Sec. 60.3032(a) and (b) must be completed prior to the
compliance date in table 1 of this subpart.
0
71. Section 60.3014 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (c)
introductory text, (c)(1)(iv), (c)(1)(viii) and (c)(1)(x) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3014 What are the operator training and qualification
requirements?
* * * * *
(b) Operator training and qualification must be obtained through a
state-approved program or by completing the requirements included in
paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) Training must be obtained by completing an incinerator operator
training course that includes, at a minimum, the three elements
described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) * * *
(iv) Combustion controls and monitoring, including good combustion
practices and waste characterization procedures.
* * * * *
(viii) Actions to prevent and correct malfunctions or to prevent
conditions that may lead to malfunction.
* * * * *
(x) Applicable federal, state, and local regulations, including
Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace standards.
* * * * *
0
72. Section 60.3015 is amended by revising the introductory text and
paragraph (b) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3015 When must the operator training course be completed?
The operator training course must be completed by the latest of the
dates specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
* * * * *
(b) Six months after your OSWI unit startup date.
* * * * *
0
73. Section 60.3017 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3017 How do I maintain my operator qualification?
* * * * *
(d) Prevention and correction of malfunctions or conditions that
may lead to malfunction.
* * * * *
0
74. Section 60.3019 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(4);
0
b. Adding paragraph (a)(10); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (c)(2).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.3019 What site-specific documentation is required?
(a) Documentation must be available at the facility and readily
accessible for all OSWI unit operators that addresses the ten topics
described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (10) of this section. You must
maintain this information and the training records required by
paragraph (c) of this section in a manner that they
[[Page 54219]]
can be readily accessed and are suitable for inspection upon request.
* * * * *
(4) Procedures for maintaining good combustion practices, including
proper combustion air supply levels.
* * * * *
(10) Procedures for establishing initial and continuous compliance,
including but not limited to, procedures to determine waste
characterization.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(2) Records showing the names of the OSWI unit operators who have
completed the operator training requirements under Sec. 60.3014, met
the criteria for qualification under Sec. 60.3016, and maintained or
renewed their qualification under Sec. Sec. 60.3017 or 60.3018.
Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the
initial and refresher training, and the dates of their qualification
and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications.
* * * * *
0
75. Section 60.3020 is amended by revising the introductory text to
read as follows:
Sec. 60.3020 What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not
accessible?
For each batch OSWI unit, a qualified operator must be accessible
at all times when the unit is operating. For each continuous OSWI unit
or intermittent OSWI unit, if all qualified operators are temporarily
not accessible (i.e., not at the facility and not able to be at the
facility within 1 hour), you must meet one of the three criteria
specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, depending on
the length of time that a qualified operator is not accessible.
* * * * *
0
76. Section 60.3022 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3022 What emission limitations must I meet and by when?
For OSWI units as defined in Sec. 60.2992(a)(1), you must meet the
emission limitations specified in table 2 of this subpart. For small
OSWI units as defined in Sec. 60.2992(a)(2), you must meet the
emission limitations specified in table 2b of this subpart, except as
provided in Sec. 60.2992(a)(3). You must meet the emissions
limitations on the date the initial performance test is required or
completed (whichever is earlier). Section 60.3031 specifies the date by
which you are required to conduct your performance test.
0
77. Section 60.3023 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3023 What operating limits must I meet and by when?
You must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (h)
of this section, as applicable. If you own or operate a small OSWI unit
using the substitute means of compliance demonstration under Sec.
60.3032, the references in this section to the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance are not applicable and instead, refer to
the limits established during the representative performance test
identified in the information submitted as specified in Sec.
60.3032(b).
(a) You must establish a maximum charge rate, calculated using the
procedures in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) For continuous and intermittent units, maximum charge rate is
the average charge rate measured during the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(2) For batch units, maximum charge rate is the charge rate
measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(b) You must establish a minimum combustion chamber operating
temperature, equal to the lowest 1-hour average combustion chamber
operating temperature measured during the most recent performance test
demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(c) If you use a wet scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations, you must establish operating limits for the operating
parameters as described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) Minimum pressure drop across the wet scrubber, which is
calculated as the lowest 1-hour average pressure drop across the wet
scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations; or minimum
amperage to the wet scrubber, which is calculated as the average
amperage to the wet scrubber measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter
emission limitations.
(2) Minimum scrubber liquor flow rate, which is calculated as the
lowest 1-hour average liquor flow rate at the inlet to the wet scrubber
measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating
compliance with all applicable emission limitations.
(3) Minimum scrubber liquor pH, which is calculated as the lowest
1-hr average liquor pH at the outlet to the wet scrubber measured
during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with
the hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide emission limitations.
(d) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission
limitations, you must measure the injection rate of each sorbent during
the performance test. The minimum operating limit for the injection
rate of each sorbent is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
injection rate for each sorbent measured during the most recent
performance test demonstrating compliance with the hydrogen chloride
emission limitations.
(e) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the
emission limitations, you must measure the (secondary) voltage and
amperage of the electrostatic precipitator collection plates during the
particulate matter performance test. Calculate the average electric
power value (secondary voltage x secondary current = secondary electric
power) for each test run. The minimum operating limit for the
electrostatic precipitator is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average
secondary electric power measured during the most recent performance
test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission
limitations.
(f) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the emission
limitations, you must operate each fabric filter system such that the
bag leak detection system alarm does not sound more than 5 percent of
the operating time during a 6-month period. Calculate the alarm time
(i.e., time that the alarm sounds) as specified in paragraphs (f)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) If inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no
corrective action is required, the alarm duration is not counted in the
alarm time calculation.
(2) If corrective action is required and you take less than an hour
to initiate corrective action, the alarm time is counted as 1 hour. If
you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm
time is counted as the actual amount of time taken to initiate
corrective action.
(g) If you own or operate a small OSWI unit and you demonstrate
continuous compliance according to Sec. 60.3033(d), you must establish
the amount of waste burned in each waste category as a percentage of
total waste burned on a mass basis. These percentages are your waste
profile and must be based on the categories of waste fed to the
incinerator (e.g., food waste, paper waste, wood waste) during the most
recent performance test.
(h) You must meet the operating limits specified in paragraphs (a)
through (g) of this section no later than
[[Page 54220]]
the date specified in paragraph (h)(1) or (2) of this section, as
applicable.
(1) For each OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per day
or for each small OSWI unit for which you conduct an initial
performance test under Sec. 60.3030(a), beginning on the date 180 days
after your final compliance date in table 1 of this subpart.
(2) For each small OSWI unit for which you use the substitute means
of compliance demonstration under Sec. 60.3032, by the date you submit
to the Administrator the information required in Sec. 60.3032(b).
0
78. Section 60.3024 is amended by revising the section heading and the
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3024 What if I do not use a wet scrubber, dry scrubber, or
fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations?
If you use an air pollution control device other than a wet
scrubber, dry scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter to
comply with the emission limitations under Sec. 60.3022, you must
petition EPA for specific operating limits, the values of which are to
be established during the performance test and then continuously
monitored thereafter. Additionally, unless you demonstrate continuous
compliance using the requirements in Sec. 60.3032(d), if you limit
emissions in some other manner, including material balances, to comply
with the emission limitations under Sec. 60.3022, then you must submit
a petition. You must submit the petition at least 60 days before the
performance test is scheduled to begin and not conduct the initial
performance test until after the petition has been approved by EPA.
Your petition must include the five items listed in paragraphs (a)
through (e) of this section.
* * * * *
Sec. 60.3025 [Removed]
0
79. Remove Sec. 60.3025.
0
80. Section 60.3027 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) through (e),
(g) introductory text, (g)(1)(i), and (g)(3)(i) and (ii) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3027 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance
test?
* * * * *
(b) All performance tests must be conducted using the methods in
tables 2 and 2b of this subpart.
(c) All performance tests must be conducted using the minimum run
duration specified in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart.
(d) EPA Method 1 of appendix A of this part must be used to select
the sampling location and number of traverse points.
(e) EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 60.17), in lieu of EPA
Method 3B, must be used for gas composition analysis, including
measurement of oxygen concentration. EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A
of this part or ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 must be used simultaneously
with each method.
* * * * *
(g) EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part must be used for
hydrogen chloride concentration analysis, with the additional
requirements specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) * * *
(i) Assemble the sampling train(s) and conduct a conditioning run
by collecting between 14 liters per minute (0.5 cubic feet per minute)
and 30 liters per minute (1.0 cubic feet per minute) of gas over a 1-
hour period. Follow the sampling procedures outlined in section 8.1.5
of EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part. For the conditioning run,
water can be used as the impinger solution.
* * * * *
(3) * * *
(i) The cyclone described in section 6.1.4 of EPA Method 26A of
appendix A of this part must be used.
(ii) The post-test moisture removal procedure described in section
8.1.6 of EPA Method 26A of appendix A of this part must be used.
0
81. Section 60.3028 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3028 How are the performance test data used?
You use results of performance tests to demonstrate compliance with
the emission limitations in tables 2 and 2b of this subpart.
0
82. Section 60.3030 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3030 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations and establish the operating limits?
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must
conduct an initial performance test, as required under Sec. 60.8, to
determine compliance with the emission limitations in table 2 or 2b of
this subpart and to establish operating limits using the procedures in
Sec. 60.3023 or Sec. 60.3024. The initial performance test must be
conducted using the test methods listed in table 2 or 2b of this
subpart and the procedures in Sec. 60.3027. In the event of any
conflict between Sec. 60.8 and the provisions of this subpart, the
provisions of this subpart shall apply.
(b) For small OSWI units as defined in Sec. 60.3078, you must
demonstrate initial compliance according to paragraph (a) of this
section, unless you comply with the requirements for the substitute
means of compliance demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.3032.
(c) As an alternative to conducting a performance test under
paragraph (a) of this section for carbon monoxide, you may use a 12-
hour rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average CEMS data to
determine compliance with the emission limitations in tables 2 and 2b
of this subpart. The initial performance evaluation required by Sec.
60.3039(b) must be conducted prior to collecting CEMS data that will be
used for the initial compliance demonstration.
0
83. Section 60.3031 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3031 By what date must I conduct the initial performance
test?
The initial performance test must be conducted no later than 180
days after your final compliance date. Your final compliance date is
specified in table 1 of this subpart.
0
84. Section 60.3032 is added to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3032 What are the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements for small OSWI units?
Instead of conducting the initial performance test in Sec.
60.3030(a), small OSWI units, as defined in Sec. 60.3078, may
demonstrate initial compliance according to the requirements in
paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section.
(a) For each OSWI unit for which you are using the substitute means
of compliance demonstration, beginning on the effective date of your
State plan approval, or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever date is earlier, you must
collect the data in paragraphs (1) through (7) of this section until
you meet the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) Identity and weight of each waste type (e.g., lbs of paper
waste, food waste, wood or yard waste) on a weekly total basis for the
date range the information is collected.
(2) Identity and quantities (e.g., flow rate or percentage of
operating time) of supplemental fuels burned on a weekly total basis
for the date range the information is collected.
(3) Percentage of total waste burned for each waste type on a
weekly average
[[Page 54221]]
basis for the date range the information is collected.
(4) Temperature indicative of the combustion chamber and
description of where temperature is measured. Record this information
on a 3-hour rolling average basis for the date range the information is
collected.
(5) Hours operated per day for the date range the information is
collected.
(6) Charge rate each day in tons per day for the date range the
information is collected.
(7) Operating parameter data for any air pollution control devices.
For wet scrubbers, include pressure drop across the scrubber or
amperage to the scrubber, scrubber liquor inlet flow rate, and scrubber
liquor pH at the outlet of the scrubber. For dry scrubbers, include
injection rate of each sorbent used. For electrostatic precipitators,
include the secondary voltage, secondary amperage, and secondary power.
Record this information on a 3-hour rolling average basis for the date
range the information is collected.
(b) On or before 3 years after the effective date of State plan
approval, or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is earlier, you must identify the results
of a performance test in the EPA's WebFIRE database that is
representative for your OSWI unit using the criteria in paragraphs
(b)(2)(i) through (viii) of this section and submit the information in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. You must submit the
information following the procedure in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section. The performance test may be any test that meets the
requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, regardless of location,
that is representative of your OSWI unit.
(1) Identify the representative performance test used to
demonstrate initial compliance with each OSWI unit by submitting the
information in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section as
provided in the EPA's WebFIRE database for the performance test.
(i) Organization.
(ii) Facility.
(iii) City.
(iv) State.
(v) County.
(vi) Submission date.
(2) A description of how the test is representative for your OSWI
unit, based on the following criteria, using the data collected as
specified in paragraph (a) of this section:
(i) Unit design, including type of unit and any associated air
pollution control devices.
(ii) Charge rate.
(iii) Type of operation (batch, continuous, intermittent).
(iv) Combustion temperature and location of temperature
measurement.
(v) Types of waste burned.
(vi) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.3078.
(vii) Type and amount of supplemental fuels.
(viii) Similarity of air pollution control devices and operation of
the air pollution control devices, if the performance test was
conducted on a unit with an air pollution control device.
(3) You must submit the information required in paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the
EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will
make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the
public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as confidential business information (CBI).
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim, submit the information, including information claimed to be
CBI, to the EPA on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used
electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the
electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Other
Solid Waste Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page
Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be
submitted via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph
(b)(3). Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not
entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(c) Any performance test used as a representative test in a
substitute means of compliance demonstration under paragraph (b) of
this section must be conducted according to the initial testing
requirements of Sec. 60.3027 and demonstrate initial compliance with
the emissions limits in table 2b of this subpart. In addition to the
results of the performance test and the information required by Sec.
60.8(f)(2), the performance test report must contain the information in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this section.
(1) Unit design, including type of unit and any associated air
pollution control devices.
(2) Charge rate during the test.
(3) Type of operation (batch, continuous, intermittent).
(4) Combustion temperature and location of temperature measurement.
The temperature must be recorded continuously for each run of the
performance test. The performance test report must also identify the
lowest 1-hour average combustion chamber operating temperature.
(5) Types of waste burned during the test.
(6) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.3078, established
during the test.
(7) Type and amount of supplemental fuels burned during the test
and the timeframe that each supplemental fuel was burned during the
test.
(8) If the performance test was conducted on a unit with an air
pollution control device, the operating parameter data for the control
device must be recorded continuously for each run of the performance
test. The performance test report must also identify the lowest or
highest, as applicable, 1-hour average for the operating parameter.
(i) For wet scrubbers, the performance test report must include
data for pressure drop across the scrubber or amperage to the scrubber,
scrubber liquor inlet flow rate, and scrubber liquor pH at the outlet
of the scrubber.
(ii) For dry scrubbers, the performance test report must include
data for the injection rate of each sorbent used.
(iii) For electrostatic precipitators, the performance test report
must include data for the secondary voltage, secondary amperage, and
secondary power.
(d) If there are no results from a performance test that meet the
requirements of paragraph (c) of this section that are representative
of your OSWI unit, you must demonstrate initial compliance according to
the requirements of Sec. 60.3030(a).
0
85. Section 60.3033 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3033 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations and the operating limits?
You must demonstrate continuous compliance according to the
requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, unless you
own or operate a small OSWI unit, as defined in Sec. 60.3078. If you
own or operate a small OSWI unit, you must either comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section or the
requirements in paragraph (d) of this section.
(a) You must conduct an annual performance test for all of the
pollutants
[[Page 54222]]
in table 2 or 2b of this subpart for each OSWI unit to determine
compliance with the emission limitations, except if you own or operate
an OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per day, you are not
required to conduct an annual performance test for carbon monoxide. The
annual performance test must be conducted using the test methods listed
in table 2 or 2b of this subpart and the procedures in Sec. 60.3027.
(b) You must continuously monitor carbon monoxide emissions to
determine compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limitation.
Twelve-hour rolling average values, including CEMS data during startup
and shutdown as defined in this subpart, are used to determine
compliance. A 12-hour rolling average value above the carbon monoxide
emission limit in table 2 or 2b of this subpart constitutes a deviation
from the emission limitation.
(c) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters
specified in Sec. 60.3023(a) through (f) or established under Sec.
60.3024. Three-hour rolling average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating limits, with the exception of bag leak
detection system alarm time, unless a different averaging period is
established under Sec. 60.3024. A 3-hour rolling average value (unless
a different averaging period is established under Sec. 60.3024) above
the established maximum or below the established minimum operating
limits constitutes a deviation from the established operating limits.
For bag leak detection systems, an alarm time of more than 5 percent of
the operating time during a 6-month period constitutes a deviation from
the operating limit. Operating limits do not apply during performance
tests.
(d) For each small OSWI unit, you must comply with the requirements
in paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) You must record the mass rate of each category of waste burned
and on a weekly average basis and you must maintain the percentage of
waste burned for each waste category within 15 percent of
the percentage established for that waste category according to the
waste profile established under Sec. 60.3023(g) and maintain records
as required in Sec. 60.3046(o). Failure to maintain the percentage of
waste burned for each waste category within 15 percent of
the percentage established for that waste category constitutes a
deviation.
(2) If your waste profile will not meet the requirement in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, before combusting the modified waste
stream, you must either conduct a performance test of the unit using
the test methods listed in table 2b of this subpart and the procedures
in Sec. 60.3027 with a waste stream representative of the new waste
profile, or identify a representative performance test for the new
waste profile. If you use a representative performance test, the
performance test must meet the requirements in Sec. 60.3032(c), and
you must submit the information in Sec. 60.3032(b)(1) and (2) to the
Administrator. Failure to conduct a performance test or identify a
representative test constitutes a deviation.
(3) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters
specified in Sec. 60.3023(b) through (f), as applicable. The total
daily charge rate is used to determine compliance with the charge rate
limit in Sec. 60.3023(a). For the operating parameters in Sec.
60.3023(b) through (f), determine compliance as described in paragraphs
(d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section. Failure to meet the operating
parameters specified in Sec. 60.3023(a) through (f) is a deviation.
(i) Three-hour rolling average values are used to determine
compliance with the operating parameter limits, unless your small OSWI
unit operates on a batch basis and it is operated for less than three
hours.
(ii) If your small OSWI unit operates on a batch basis, and you
operate for less than three hours, compliance with the operating
parameter limits are determined by averaging the operating parameter
over the length of the batch operation.
0
86. Section 60.3034 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3034 By what date must I conduct the annual performance
test?
For each OSWI unit that is subject to the annual performance test
requirement in Sec. 60.3033(a), you must conduct annual performance
tests within 12 months following the initial performance test. Conduct
subsequent annual performance tests within 12 months following the
previous one.
0
87. Section 60.3035 is amended by adding paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3035 May I conduct performance testing less often?
* * * * *
(d) For small OSWI units demonstrating initial compliance according
to the substitute means of compliance demonstration requirements in
Sec. 60.3032, the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section do not apply.
0
88. Section 60.3036 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3036 May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish
new operating limits?
(a) Yes, you may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to
establish new values for the operating limits. The Administrator may
request a repeat performance test at any time.
(b) For each small OSWI unit, as defined in Sec. 60.3078, for
which you opt to demonstrate continuous compliance according to the
requirements in Sec. 60.3033(d), if you want to establish new
operating parameter limits or establish a different waste profile, you
must comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) You must conduct a new performance test of the unit using the
test methods listed in table 2b of this subpart and the procedures in
Sec. 60.3027 with a waste stream representative of the new waste
profile or under the new operating limits.
(2) You must identify a representative performance test that meets
the requirements in Sec. 60.3032(c). You must submit the information
in Sec. 60.3032(b)(1) and (2) to the Administrator.
0
89. Section 60.3038 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3038 What continuous emission monitoring systems must I
install?
(a) For each OSWI unit with a capacity greater than 10 tons per
day, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous
emission monitoring systems for carbon monoxide and for oxygen. You
must monitor the oxygen concentration at each location where you
monitor carbon monoxide.
* * * * *
0
90. Section 60.3039 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to
read as follows:
Sec. 60.3039 How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring
systems are operating correctly?
* * * * *
(b) Complete your initial performance evaluation of the continuous
emission monitoring systems within 180 days after your final compliance
date in table 1 of this subpart.
(c) For initial and annual performance evaluations, collect data
concurrently (or within 30 to 60 minutes) using your carbon monoxide
and oxygen continuous emission monitoring systems. To validate carbon
monoxide concentration levels, use EPA Method 10, 10A, or 10B of
appendix A of this part. Use EPA Method 3A or 3B of appendix A to this
part or ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-198 (incorporated by
[[Page 54223]]
reference, see Sec. 60.17), in lieu of Method 3B, to measure oxygen.
Collect the data during each initial and annual evaluation of your
continuous emission monitoring systems following the applicable
performance specifications in appendix B of this part. Table 4 of this
subpart shows the required span values and performance specifications
that apply to each continuous emission monitoring system.
* * * * *
0
91. Section 60.3041 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (f) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3041 What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must
collect with my continuous emission monitoring systems?
(a) Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required,
obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Except for CEMS data during startup
and shutdown as defined in this subpart, the 1-hr arithmetic averages
for carbon monoxide must be expressed in parts per million by dry
volume corrected to 7 percent oxygen. The CEMS data during startup and
shutdown are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen and are measured at
stack oxygen content. Use the 1-hour averages of oxygen data from your
CEMS to determine the actual oxygen level and to calculate emissions at
7 percent oxygen. Use Equation 2 in Sec. 60.3076 to calculate the 12-
hour rolling averages from the 1-hour arithmetic averages.
* * * * *
(f) If continuous emission monitoring systems are temporarily
unavailable to meet the data collection requirements, refer to table 4
of this subpart. It shows alternate methods for collecting data when
systems malfunction or when repairs, calibration checks, or zero and
span checks keep you from collecting the minimum amount of data.
Failure to collect required data is a deviation of the monitoring
requirements.
0
92. Section 60.3043 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) and (c), and adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3043 What operating parameter monitoring equipment must I
install, or what operating parameters must I monitor?
(a) You must install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications
at the frequency recommended by the manufacturer), maintain, and
operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the value of the
operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating
limits listed in table 3 of this subpart, as applicable. These devices
(or methods) must measure and record the values for these operating
parameters at the frequencies indicated in table 3 of this subpart at
all times. The devices must be positioned to provide a representative
measurement of the parameter monitored.
* * * * *
(c) If you are using a fabric filter to comply with the
requirements of this subpart, you must install, calibrate, maintain,
and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this section:
(1) You must install and operate a bag leak detection system for
each exhaust stack of the fabric filter. The bag leak sensor(s) must be
installed in a position(s) that will be representative of the relative
or absolute particulate matter loadings for each exhaust stack, roof
vent, or compartment of the fabric filter;
(2) Each bag leak detection system must be installed, operated,
calibrated, and maintained in a manner consistent with the
manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations; and in
accordance with the guidance provided in EPA-454/R-98-015 (incorporated
by reference, see Sec. 60.17(j));
(3) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the
manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at
concentrations of 1 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;
(4) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of
relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;
(5) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to
continuously record the output signal from the sensor;
(6) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm
system that will alert automatically an operator when an increase in
relative particulate matter emissions over a preset level is detected.
The alarm must be located where it is observed easily by plant
operating personnel;
(7) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak
detection system must be installed in each baghouse compartment or
cell. For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag leak
detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter; and
(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
(d) If you are required to petition the EPA for operating limits
under Sec. 60.3024, you must install, calibrate (to the manufacturers'
specifications), maintain, and operate the equipment necessary to
monitor compliance with the site-specific operating limits established
using the procedures in Sec. 60.3024.
0
93. Section 60.3046 is amended by revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (b) through (e) and (g), and adding paragraphs (o) through
(q) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3046 What records must I keep?
You must maintain the information specified in paragraphs (a)
through (q) of this section, as applicable, for a period of at least 5
years.
* * * * *
(b) Records of the data described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (10)
of this section.
(1) The OSWI unit charge dates, times, weights, and total daily
charge rates.
(2) The combustion chamber operating temperature every 15 minutes
of operation.
(3) For each OSWI unit with a wet scrubber, the liquor flow rate to
the wet scrubber inlet; pressure drop across the wet scrubber system or
amperage to the wet scrubber; and liquor pH at the outlet of the wet
scrubber, every 15 minutes of operation.
(4) For each OSWI unit with a dry scrubber, the injection rate of
each sorbent, every 15 minutes of operation.
(5) For each OSWI unit with an electrostatic precipitator, the
secondary voltage, secondary current, and secondary electric power,
every 15 minutes of operation.
(6) For each OSWI unit with a fabric filter, the date, time, and
duration of each alarm; the times corrective action was initiated and
completed; and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and the
corrective action taken. You must also record the percent of the
operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds,
calculated as specified in Sec. 60.3023(f).
(7) For OSWI units that establish operating limits for controls
under Sec. 60.3024, you must maintain data collected for all operating
parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits.
(8) For OSWI units that use a carbon monoxide CEMS, all 1-hour
average concentrations of carbon monoxide and oxygen.
(9) All 12-hour rolling average values of carbon monoxide
emissions, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (except during periods of
startup and shutdown), and all 3-hour rolling average values of
continuously monitored operating parameters, and total daily charge
rates, as applicable.
[[Page 54224]]
(10) Records of the dates, times, and durations of any bypass of
the control device.
(c) Records of the start date and time and duration in hours of
each malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air
pollution control and monitoring equipment and description of the
malfunction.
(d) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to
minimize emissions in accordance with Sec. 60.11(d), including
corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution
control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of
operation.
(e) Start date, start time, end date and end time for each period
for which monitoring data show a deviation from the carbon monoxide
emissions limit in table 2 or 2b of this subpart or a deviation from
the operating limits in table 3 of this subpart or a deviation from
other operating limits established under Sec. 60.3024 with a
description of the deviations, reasons for such deviations, and a
description of corrective actions taken. You must record the start
date, start time, end date and end time for each period when all
qualified operators were not accessible in accordance with Sec.
60.3020.
* * * * *
(g) For carbon monoxide continuous emissions monitoring systems,
document the results of your annual performance evaluations, daily
drift tests and quarterly accuracy determinations according to
Procedure 1 of appendix F of this part.
* * * * *
(o) If you comply with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.3032 for your small OSWI unit,
you must keep the records specified in paragraphs (o)(1) through (3) of
this section.
(1) Records of data collected as required in Sec. 60.3032(a)(2).
(2) Copy of the representative performance test used to demonstrate
initial compliance; and
(3) Documentation of how the test in paragraph (o)(2) of this
section is representative of the unit as required in Sec.
60.3032(b)(2).
(p) If you comply with the continuous compliance requirements in
Sec. 60.3033(d), you must keep records of the following elements
reported on a weekly basis at the frequency they are monitored in
accordance with table 3 of this subpart (e.g., each 3-hr average
recorded temperature), as specified in paragraphs (p)(1) through (7) of
this section.
(1) Start and end times the unit is operated when waste is being
combusted.
(2) Identity and weight of each waste category (e.g., lbs of solid
waste, food waste, wood or yard waste).
(3) Identities and quantities of supplemental fuel burned (e.g.
flow rate or percentage of operating time).
(4) The waste profile, as defined in Sec. 60.3078.
(5) Temperature of unit combustion chamber and description of where
temperature is measured, as a three-hour average for each batch
operation.
(6) Charge rate (in tons per day) of each operation,
(7) For each OSWI unit using a wet scrubber, dry scrubber,
electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter, the records specified in
paragraph (b)(3) through (10) of this section, as applicable.
(q) Copies of any notifications submitted pursuant to Sec. Sec.
60.2993 and 60.3061.
0
94. Section 60.3049 is amended by revising the introductory text to
read as follows:
Sec. 60.3049 What information must I submit following my initial
performance test?
Unless you choose to comply with the substitute means of compliance
demonstration requirements in Sec. 60.3032, you must submit the
information specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section no
later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All reports
must be signed by the facilities manager.
* * * * *
0
95. Section 60.3050 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3050 When must I submit my annual report?
You must submit an annual report no later than 12 months following
the submission of the information in Sec. 60.3049, unless you choose
to comply with the substitute means of compliance demonstration
requirements in Sec. 60.3032. If you choose to comply with the
substitute means of compliance demonstration requirements in Sec.
60.3032, you must submit an annual report no later than 12 months
following the submission of the information in Sec. 60.3032(b). You
must submit subsequent reports no more than 12 months following the
previous report. The permit will address the submittal of annual
reports for a unit with an operating permit required under title V of
the Clean Air Act.
0
96. Section 60.3051 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text and paragraphs (b) through (f);
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (g);
0
c. Revising paragraph (h) and (j); and
0
d. Adding paragaph (k).
The revisions and addition read as follows:
Sec. 60.3051 What information must I include in my annual report?
The annual report required under Sec. 60.3050 must include the
items listed in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section. If you have
a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations, you
must also submit deviation reports as specified in Sec. Sec. 60.3052
through 60.3054.
* * * * *
(b) Statement by the owner or operator, with their name, title, and
signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the
report. Such certifications must also comply with the requirements of
40 CFR 70.5(d) or 40 CFR 71.5(d). If your report is submitted via
CEDRI, the certifier's electronic signature during the submission
process replaces this requirement.
(c) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting
period. You are no longer required to provide the date of report when
the report is submitted via CEDRI.
(d) Identification of each OSWI unit, and for each OSWI unit, the
parameters monitored and values for the operating limits established
pursuant to Sec. 60.3023 or Sec. 60.3024.
(e) If no deviations from any emission limitation or operating
limit that applies to you has occurred during the annual reporting
period, a statement that there were no deviations from the emission
limitations or operating limits during the reporting period. If you use
a CMS to monitor emissions or operating parameters and there were no
periods during which any CMS was inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning
or out of control, a statement that no monitoring system used to
determine compliance with the emission limitations or operating limits
was inoperative, inactive, malfunctioning or out of control.
(f) The highest recorded 12-hour average and the lowest recorded
12-hour average, as applicable, for carbon monoxide emissions if you
are using a CEMS to demonstrate continuous compliance and the highest
recorded 3-hour average and the lowest recorded 3-hour average, as
applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year
being reported.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) If a performance test was conducted during the reporting
period, identification of the OSWI unit tested, the pollutant(s)
tested, and the date of the performance test. Submit, following
[[Page 54225]]
the procedure specified in Sec. 60.3056(b), the performance test
report no later than the date that you submit the annual report.
* * * * *
(j) The start date, start time, and duration in hours for each
period when all qualified OSWI unit operators were unavailable for more
than 12 hours, but less than 2 weeks.
(k) If you are complying with the continuous compliance
requirements for small OSWI units in Sec. 60.3033(d) and have had no
deviations from the weekly waste profile requirements or deviations
from the operating limits, a statement that there were no deviations
from the weekly waste profile requirements, and the OSWI unit has been
operated within the operating parameter limits established during the
representative performance test identified in the information submitted
as required in Sec. 60.3032(b) or the initial performance test
conducted by the source, as required in Sec. 60.3032(d).
0
97. Section 60.3052 is amended by revising the section heading and
paragraph (a) to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3052 What other reports must I submit if I have a deviation?
(a) You must submit a deviation report as specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any requirement or obligation
established by this subpart, including but not limited to any emission
limitation, operating limit, or operator qualification and
accessibility requirements.
(2) If your OSWI unit fails to meet any term or condition that is
adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that
is included in the operating permit for any unit that meets the
requirements in Sec. 60.2991 and is required to obtain such a permit.
(3) If you deviate from the requirements to have a qualified
operator accessible as specified in Sec. 60.3020, you must meet the
requirements of Sec. 60.3054.
* * * * *
0
98. Section 60.3053 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3053 What must I include in the deviation report?
In each report required under Sec. 60.3052, you must include the
company name and address and the beginning and ending dates for the
reporting period. For any pollutant or operating parameter that
deviated from the emission limitations, operating limits or other
requirement specified in this subpart, or for each CMS that experienced
downtime or was out of control, include the items described in
paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section, as applicable. If you are
complying with the continuous compliance requirements for small OSWI
units in Sec. 60.3033(d), you must also include the items described in
paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. You must identify the OSWI unit
associated with the information required in paragraphs (a) through (i)
of this section in your deviation report.
(a) Identification of the emission limit, operating parameter or
other requirement from which there was a deviation and the start date,
start time, and duration in hours of each deviation.
(b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates, including, when
applicable, the information recorded under Sec. 60.3046(b)(9) and (c)
through (e) for the calendar period being reported.
(c) The cause of each deviation from the emission limitations,
operating limits or other requirement and your corrective actions.
(d) For each CMS, the start date, start time, duration in hours,
and cause for each instance of monitor downtime (other than downtime
associated with zero, span, and other routine calibration checks).
(e) For each CMS, the start date, start time, duration in hours,
and corrective action taken for each instance that the monitor is out
of control.
(f) The dates, times, and durations in hours of any bypass of the
control device and your corrective actions.
(g) For batch OSWI units, the dates, times, and duration in hours
of any deviation from the requirements to have a qualified operator
accessible as required in Sec. 60.3014.
(h) If you are complying with the continuous compliance
requirements for small OSWI units in Sec. 60.3033(d), the dates,
times, duration in weeks, and cause for each deviation from the waste
profile required in Sec. 60.3033(d)(1).
(i) The dates, times, duration in hours, and cause for each
deviation from the operating parameter limits established during the
representative performance test identified in the information submitted
as required in Sec. 60.3032(b) or the initial performance test
conducted by the source as required in Sec. 60.3030(d).
0
99. Section 60.3056 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3056 In what form can I submit my reports?
(a) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER], you must submit annual and deviation reports
electronically or in paper format, postmarked on or before the
submittal due dates. Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF
THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], or once the reporting template
for this subpart has been available on the Compliance and Emissions
Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) website for one year, whichever date
is later, you must submit all subsequent annual compliance reports and
deviation reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA
will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the
public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit
information you claim as confidential business information (CBI).
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. You must
use the appropriate electronic report template on the CEDRI website
(https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-airemissions/cedri) for this
subpart. The date report templates become available will be listed on
the CEDRI website. The report must be submitted by the deadline
specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report
is submitted. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of
CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim, submit a complete report,
including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The report must be
generated using the appropriate form on the CEDRI website or an
alternate electronic file consistent with the extensible markup
language (XML) schema listed on the CEDRI website. Submit the file on a
compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage
medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium
to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Other Solid Waste
Incineration Units Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham,
NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the
EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled
to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions
data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(b) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing
each performance test required by this subpart, you must submit the
results of the performance
[[Page 54226]]
test following the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through
(3) of this section.
(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's
Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website
(https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-airemissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the
performance test to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through
the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be submitted in a
file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively,
you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the
EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test.
The results of the performance test must be included as an attachment
in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML
schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated
package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI.
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim for some of the information required under paragraph (b)(1)
or (2) of this section CBI, you must submit a complete file, including
information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated
through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed on EPA's ERT website. Submit the
file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic
storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic
medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader,
Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC
27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA
via EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this
section. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of submission.
Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled
to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions
data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be
protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(c) Beginning on [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE
IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing
each continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) performance
evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation
following the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of
this section.
(1) Performance evaluations of CEMS measuring relative accuracy
test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as
listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the evaluation. Submit
the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via CEDRI, which
can be accessed through the EPA's CDX. The data must be submitted in a
file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively,
you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed
on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Performance evaluations of CEMS measuring RATA pollutants that
are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website
at the time of the evaluation. The results of the performance
evaluation must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate
electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT
website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the
EPA via CEDRI.
(3) CBI. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI.
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Although we
do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a
CBI claim for some of the information required under paragraph (c)(1)
or (2) of this section, you must submit a complete file, including
information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated
through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file
consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit
the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used
electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the
electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group
Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd.,
Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted
to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2)
of this section. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of
submission. Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is
not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(d) If you are required to electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of EPA system outage for
failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a
claim of EPA system outage, you must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI
and submitting a required report within the time prescribed due to an
outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX systems.
(2) The outage must have occurred within the period of time
beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is
due.
(3) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
(4) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a
delay in reporting.
(5) You must provide to the Administrator a written description
identifying:
(i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed and the
system was unavailable;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the
regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
(iii) A description of the measures taken or to be taken to
minimize the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification,
the date you reported.
(6) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow
an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion
of the Administrator.
(7) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted
electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
(e) If you are required to electronically submit a report through
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of force majeure for
failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a
claim of force majeure, you must meet the requirements outlined in
paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to
occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such
an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior
to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a
force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been
caused by
[[Page 54227]]
circumstances beyond the control of the affected facility, its
contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected facility that
prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report
electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such
events are acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods),
acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond
the control of the affected facility (e.g., large scale power outage).
(2) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a
delay in reporting.
(3) You must provide to the Administrator:
(i) A written description of the force majeure event;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the
regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
(iii) A description of the measures taken or to be taken to
minimize the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification,
the date you reported.
(4) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an
extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of
the Administrator.
(5) In any circumstance, the reporting must occur as soon as
possible after the force majeure event occurs.
0
100. Section 60.3059 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3059 Am I required to apply for and obtain a title V
operating permit for my unit?
(a) Yes, if your OSWI unit is an existing incineration unit subject
to an applicable EPA-approved and effective Clean Air Act section
111(d)/129 State or Tribal plan or an applicable and effective Federal
plan, you are required to obtain a title V operating permit for your
OSWI unit. 40 CFR 70.5(a)(1) and 40 CFR 71.5(a)(1) addresses the title
V application deadlines.
(b) Air curtain incinerators as specified in Sec. 60.2994(b) and
subject only to the requirements in Sec. Sec. 60.3062 through 60.3068
are exempted from title V permitting requirements per these
regulations.
Sec. 60.3060 [Removed]
0
101. Remov Sec. 60.3060.
Sec. 60.3062 [Amended]
0
102. Section 60.3062 is amended by removing and reserving paragraph
(b).
0
103. Section 60.3067 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3067 How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators
that burn only wood waste, clean lumber, and yard waste?
(a) Use EPA Method 9 of appendix A of this part or ASTM D7520-16
(incorporated by reference (IBR), see Sec. 60.17), to determine
compliance with the opacity limitation.
* * * * *
0
104. Section 60.3068 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.3068 What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements
for air curtain incinerators that burn only wood waste, clean lumber,
and yard waste?
* * * * *
(d) Before [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN
THE FEDERAL REGISTER], submit initial and annual opacity test reports
as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date.
On and after [DATE 180 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE
FEDERAL REGISTER], within 60 days after the date of completing the
initial opacity test and each annual opacity test required by this
subpart, you must submit the results of the opacity test following the
procedures specified in Sec. 60.3056(b)(1) through (3).
* * * * *
Sec. 60.3069 [Removed]
0
105. Remove Sec. 60.3069.
0
106. Section 60.3076 is amended by revising parameters
``Ea'' and ``Ehj'' of Equation 2 in paragraph (d)
to read as follows:
Sec. 60.3076 What equations must I use?
* * * * *
(d) * * *
Ea = Average carbon monoxide pollutant rate for the 12-
hour period, ppm corrected to 7 percent O2. Note that a
12-hour period may include CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as
defined in the subpart, in which case the period will not consist
entirely of data that have been corrected to 7 percent
O2.
Ehj = Hourly arithmetic average pollutant rate for hour
``j,'' ppm corrected to 7 percent O2. CEMS data during
startup and shutdown, as defined in the subpart, are not corrected
to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content.
0
107. Section 60.3078 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the definition for ``Administrator'';
0
b. Adding in alphabetical order a definition for ``CEMS data during
startup and shutdown'';
0
c. Removing the definition for ``Collected from'';
0
d. Revising the definitions for ``Deviation,'' ``Low-level radioactive
waste,'' ``Municipal waste combustion unit,'' and ``Particulate
Matter''; and
0
e. Adding in alphabetical order a definition for ``Small OSWI unit''
and ``Waste profile.''
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 60.3078 What definitions must I know?
Administrator means:
(1) For approved and effective state section 111(d)/129 plans, the
Director of the state air pollution control agency, or his or her
delegatee;
(2) For Federal section 111(d)/129 plans, the Administrator of the
EPA, an employee of the EPA, the Director of the state air pollution
control agency, or employee of the state air pollution control agency
to whom the authority has been delegated by the Administrator of the
EPA to perform the specified task; and
(3) For NSPS, the Administrator of the EPA, an employee of the EPA,
the Director of the state air pollution control agency, or employee of
the state air pollution control agency to whom the authority has been
delegated by the Administrator of the EPA to perform the specified
task.
* * * * *
CEMS data during startup and shutdown means CEMS data collected
during the first hours of a OSWI startup from a cold start until waste
is fed to the unit and the hours of operation following the cessation
of waste material being fed to the OSWI during a unit shutdown. For
each startup event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as
being CEMS data during startup must be 48 operating hours or less. For
each shutdown event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed
as being CEMS data during shutdown must be 24 operating hours or less.
* * * * *
Deviation means any instance in which a unit that meets the
requirements in Sec. 60.2991, or an owner or operator of such a
source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart, including but not limited to any emission limitation,
operating limit, or operator qualification and accessibility
requirements; and
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any unit that meets requirements
in Sec. 60.2991 and is required to obtain such a permit.
* * * * *
[[Page 54228]]
Low-level radioactive waste means waste material that contains
radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation, or
both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed applicable federal or
state standards for unrestricted release. Low-level radioactive waste
is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct
material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2014(e)(2)).
* * * * *
Municipal waste combustion unit means, for the purpose of this
subpart and subpart EEEE, any setting or equipment that combusts
municipal solid waste (as defined in this subpart) including, but not
limited to, field-erected, modular, cyclonic burn barrel, and custom
built incineration units (with or without energy recovery) operating
with starved or excess air, boilers, furnaces, and air curtain
incinerators (except those air curtain incinerators listed in Sec.
60.2994(b)).
* * * * *
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from OSWI
units as measured by EPA Method 5 or EPA Method 29 of appendix A of
this part.
* * * * *
Small OSWI unit means OSWI units with capacities less than or equal
to 10 tons per day.
* * * * *
Waste profile means for a small OSWI unit the amount of each waste
category burned as a percentage of total waste burned on a mass basis.
* * * * *
0
108. Table 1 to subpart FFFF of part 60 is revised to read as follows:
Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Compliance Schedule
As stated in Sec. 60.3000, you must comply with the following:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete this
For units as defined in . . . action By this date \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 60.2992(a)(1)............ Final compliance (Dates to be
\b\. specified in
State plan) \c\.
Sec. 60.2992(a)(2) and (a)(3), Final compliance (Dates to be
as applicable. \b\. specified in
State plan) \d\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Site-specific schedules can be used at the discretion of the state.
\b\ Final compliance means that you complete all process changes and
retrofit of control devices so that, when the incineration unit is
brought on line, all process changes and air pollution control devices
necessary to meet the emission limitations operate as designed.
\c\ The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of
State plan approval or December 16, 2010, whichever is earlier.
\d\ The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of
State plan approval or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL
RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is earlier.
0
109. Table 2 to subpart FFFF of part 60 is amended by revising the
heading, rows 7, 8, and 10, and footnote ``a'' to read as follows:
Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
for OSWI Units
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet this And determining
For the air pollutant emission limitation Using this averaging compliance using this
\a\ time method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
7. Opacity........................... 10 percent............. 6-minute average Method 9 of appendix A
(observe over three 1- of this part, or ASTM
hour test runs; i.e., D7520-16 (incorporated
thirty 6-minute by reference (IBR),
averages). see Sec. 60.17), if
the following
conditions are met:
1. During the digital
camera opacity
technique (DCOT)
certification
procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM
D7520-16, you or the
DCOT vendor must
present the plumes in
front of various
backgrounds of color
and contrast
representing
conditions anticipated
during field use such
as blue sky, trees,
and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a
sparse tree stand).
2. You must also have
standard operating
procedures in place
including daily or
other frequency
quality checks to
ensure the equipment
is within
manufacturing
specifications as
outlined in Section
8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
[[Page 54229]]
3. You must follow the
recordkeeping
procedures outlined in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1) for
the DCOT
certification,
compliance report,
data sheets, and all
raw unaltered JPEGs
used for opacity and
certification
determination.
4. You or the DCOT
vendor must have a
minimum of four
independent technology
users apply the
software to determine
the visible opacity of
the 300 certification
plumes. For each set
of 25 plumes, the user
may not exceed 15
percent opacity of
anyone reading and the
average error must not
exceed 7.5 percent
opacity.
8. Oxides of nitrogen................ 103 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D,
by dry volume. minimum sample time or 7E of appendix A of
per run). this part, or ANSI/
ASME PTC 19.10-1981
(IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
* * * * * * *
10. Sulfur dioxide................... 3.1 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 6 or 6C of
by dry volume. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) in lieu
of Method 6 only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ All emission limitations (except for opacity and CEMS data during startup and shutdown) are measured at 7
percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack
oxygen content.
* * * * *
0
110. Table 2b to subpart FFFF of part 60 is added to read as follows:
Table 2b to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Emission Limitations
That Apply to Small OSWI Units On or After [DATE TO BE SPECIFIED IN
STATE PLAN] \a\
As stated in Sec. 60.3022, you must comply with the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must meet this And determining
For the air pollutant emission limitation Using this averaging compliance using this
\b\ time method
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Cadmium........................... 2,000 micrograms per 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
dry standard cubic minimum sample time of this part.
meter. per run).
2. Carbon monoxide................... 220 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 10, 10A, or 10B
by dry volume. minimum sample time of appendix A of this
per run during part and CEMS.
performance test), and
12-hour rolling
averages measured
using CEMS \c\.
3a. Dioxins/furans (total mass basis) 4,700 nanograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 23 of appendix A
\d\. standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
3b. Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency 86 nanograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 23 of appendix A
basis) \d\. standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
4. Hydrogen chloride................. 500 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 26A of appendix
by dry volume. minimum sample time A of this part.
per run).
5. Lead.............................. 32,000 micrograms per 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
dry standard cubic minimum sample time of this part.
meter. per run).
6. Mercury........................... 69 micrograms per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 29 of appendix A
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time of this part.
per run).
[[Page 54230]]
7. Opacity........................... 10 percent............. 6-minute average Method 9 of appendix A
(observe over three 1- of this part, or ASTM
hour test runs; i.e., D7520-16 (IBR, see
thirty 6-minute Sec. 60.17), if the
averages). following conditions
are met:
1. During the digital
camera opacity
technique (DCOT)
certification
procedure outlined in
Section 9.2 of ASTM
D7520-16, you or the
DCOT vendor must
present the plumes in
front of various
backgrounds of color
and contrast
representing
conditions anticipated
during field use such
as blue sky, trees,
and mixed backgrounds
(clouds and/or a
sparse tree stand).
2. You must also have
standard operating
procedures in place
including daily or
other frequency
quality checks to
ensure the equipment
is within
manufacturing
specifications as
outlined in Section
8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
3. You must follow the
recordkeeping
procedures outlined in
Sec. 63.10(b)(1) for
the DCOT
certification,
compliance report,
data sheets, and all
raw unaltered JPEGs
used for opacity and
certification
determination.
4. You or the DCOT
vendor must have a
minimum of four
independent technology
users apply the
software to determine
the visible opacity of
the 300 certification
plumes. For each set
of 25 plumes, the user
may not exceed 15
percent opacity of any
one reading and the
average error must not
exceed 7.5 percent
opacity.
8. Oxides of nitrogen................ 210 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D,
by dry volume. minimum sample time or 7E of appendix A of
per run). this part, or ANSI/
ASME PTC 19.10-1981
(IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Methods 7 and 7C only.
9. Particulate matter................ 280 milligrams per dry 3-run average (1 hour Method 5 or 29 of
standard cubic meter. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part.
10. Sulfur dioxide................... 130 parts per million 3-run average (1 hour Method 6 or 6C of
by dry volume. minimum sample time appendix A of this
per run). part, or ANSI/ASME PTC
19.10-1981 (IBR, see
Sec. 60.17) in lieu
of Method 6 only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of State plan approval or [DATE 5 YEARS AFTER
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], whichever is earlier.
\b\ All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard
conditions. CEMS data during startup and shutdown are measured at stack oxygen content.
\c\ Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 12 operating hours.
\d\ For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
0
111. Table 3 to subpart FFFF of part 60 is revised to read as follows:
Table 3 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Operating Limits for
Incinerators
As stated in Sec. 60.3023, you must comply with the following:
[[Page 54231]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And monitoring using these minimum frequencies
For these operating parameters You must establish -----------------------------------------------------------
operating limits Data measurement Data recording Averaging time
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Charge rate.................. Maximum charge Periodic.......... For batch, each Daily for batch
rate. batch. For units or small
continuous or OSWI units
intermittent, complying with
every hour. Sec.
60.3033(d). 3-
hour rolling for
continuous and
intermittent
units.\a\
2. Combustion temperature....... Minimum combustion Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
chamber operating
temperature.
3. Pressure drop across the wet Minimum pressure Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
scrubber or amperage to wet drop or amperage.
scrubber.
4. Wet scrubber liquor flow rate Minimum flow rate Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
at inlet to the
scrubber.
5. Wet scrubber liquor pH....... Minimum pH at Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
scrubber outlet.
6. Dry scrubber sorbent Minimum injection Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
injection. rate of each
sorbent.
7. Electrostatic precipitator Minimum secondary Continuous........ Every 15 minutes.. 3-hour rolling.\a\
secondary electric power. electric power,
calculated from
the secondary
voltage and
secondary current.
8. Bag leak detection system Alarm time < 5 Continuous........ Each date and time Calculate alarm
alarm time. percent of the of alarm start time as specified
operating time and stop. in Sec.
during a 6-month 60.3023(f).
period.
9. Waste profile................ The amount of each Periodic.......... For batch, each Weekly.
waste category batch. For
burned as a continuous or
percentage of intermittent,
total waste every hour.
burned on a mass
basis.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.
0
112. Table 4 to subpart FFFF of part 60 is amended by revising row 2 to
read as follows:
Table 4 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Requirements for
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If needed to meet
Use the following minimum data
performance requirements, use the
For the following pollutants Use the following span specifications (P.S.) following alternate
values for your CEMS in appendix B of this methods in appendix A
part for your CEMS of this part to collect
data
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
2. Oxygen............................ 25 percent oxygen...... P.S.3.................. Method 3A or 3B, or
ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-
1981 (IBR, see Sec.
60.17) in lieu of
Method 3B only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
113. Table 5 to subpart FFFF of part 60 is amended by revising row 3.
to read as follows:
Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 60--Model Rule--Summary of Reporting
Requirements
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Report Due date Contents Reference
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Annual Report..................... a. No later than 12 i. Company Name and Sec. Sec. 60.3050
months following the address;. and 60.3051.
submission of the
initial test report.
Subsequent reports are
to be submitted no
more than 12 months
following the previous
report.
[[Page 54232]]
* * * * * * *
vii. Information for Sec. Sec. 60.3050
deviations or and 60.3051.
malfunctions recorded
under Sec.
60.3046(b)(6) and (c)
through (e);.
* * * * * * *
ix. If a performance Sec. Sec. 60.3050
test was not conducted and 60.3051.
during the reporting
period, a statement
that the requirements
of Sec. 60.3035(a)
or (b) were met; and.
* * * * * * *
xi. For each small OSWI Sec. Sec. 60.3050
unit for which you and 60.3051.
demonstrate continuous
compliance according
to Sec. 60.3033(d),
if no deviations from
the percentages
established for each
waste category
according to the waste
profile required in
Sec. 60.3033(d)(1)
and the OSWI unit has
been operated within
the operating
parameter limits, a
statement that there
were no deviations
from the weekly waste
profile requirements
and the OSWI unit has
been operated within
the operating
parameter limits.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-17730 Filed 8-28-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P