2020-2021 Station-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations, 54076-54146 [2020-16003]

Agencies

• Fish and Wildlife Service
• DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 169 (Monday, August 31, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 54076-54146]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-16003]



[[Page 54075]]

Vol. 85

Monday,

No. 169

August 31, 2020

Part IV





 Department of the Interior





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 Fish and Wildlife Service





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50 CFR Parts 32, 36, and 71





2020-2021 Station-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations; Final 
Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 169 / Monday, August 31, 2020 / Rules 
and Regulations

[[Page 54076]]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Parts 32, 36, and 71

[Docket No. FWS-HQ-NWRS-2020-0013; FXRS12610900000-201-FF09R20000]
RIN 1018-BE50


2020-2021 Station-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), are opening, 
for the first time, eight National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) that were 
previously closed to hunting and sport fishing. In addition, we are 
opening or expanding hunting and sport fishing at 89 other NWRs and 
adding pertinent station-specific regulations for other NWRs that 
pertain to migratory game bird hunting, upland game hunting, big game 
hunting, and sport fishing for the 2020-2021 season. We are also 
opening hunting or sport fishing on nine units of the National Fish 
Hatchery System (NFHs). We are also adding pertinent station-specific 
regulations that pertain to migratory game bird hunting, upland game 
hunting, big game hunting, and sport fishing at these nine NFHs for the 
2020-2021 season. Further, we are opening 41 limited-interest easement 
NWRs in North Dakota for upland and big game hunting and sport fishing 
in accordance with State regulations. Access to these NWRs is 
controlled by the current landowners, and, therefore, they are not open 
to the public unless authorized by the landowner. We are also making 
regulatory changes to existing station-specific regulations in order to 
reduce the regulatory burden on the public, increase access for hunters 
and anglers on Service lands and waters, and comply with a Presidential 
mandate for plain language standards. Lastly, we are prohibiting 
domestic sheep, goat, and camelid pack animals on the Arctic National 
Wildlife Refuge.

DATES: This rule is effective August 31, 2020.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Katherine Harrigan, (703) 358-2440.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 
closes NWRs in all States except Alaska to all uses until opened. The 
Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) may open refuge areas to any use, 
including hunting and/or sport fishing, upon a determination that the 
use is compatible with the purposes of the refuge and National Wildlife 
Refuge System mission. The action also must be in accordance with 
provisions of all laws applicable to the areas, developed in 
coordination with the appropriate State fish and wildlife agency(ies), 
consistent with the principles of sound fish and wildlife management 
and administration, and otherwise in the public interest. These 
requirements ensure that we maintain the biological integrity, 
diversity, and environmental health of the Refuge System for the 
benefit of present and future generations of Americans.
    We annually review hunting and sport fishing programs to determine 
whether to include additional stations or whether individual station 
regulations governing existing programs need modifications. Changing 
environmental conditions, State and Federal regulations, and other 
factors affecting fish and wildlife populations and habitat may warrant 
modifications to station-specific regulations to ensure the continued 
compatibility of hunting and sport fishing programs and to ensure that 
these programs will not materially interfere with or detract from the 
fulfillment of station purposes or the Service's mission.
    Provisions governing hunting and sport fishing on refuges are in 
title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations in part 32 (50 CFR part 
32), and on hatcheries in part 71 (50 CFR part 71). We regulate hunting 
and sport fishing to:
     Ensure compatibility with refuge and hatchery purpose(s);
     Properly manage fish and wildlife resource(s);
     Protect other values;
     Ensure visitor safety; and
     Provide opportunities for fish- and wildlife-dependent 
recreation.
    On many stations where we decide to allow hunting and sport 
fishing, our general policy of adopting regulations that are identical 
to State hunting and sport fishing regulations is adequate in meeting 
these objectives. On other stations, we must supplement State 
regulations with more-restrictive Federal regulations to ensure that we 
meet our management responsibilities, as outlined under Statutory 
Authority, below. We issue station-specific hunting and sport fishing 
regulations when we open wildlife refuges and fish hatcheries to 
migratory game bird hunting, upland game hunting, big game hunting, or 
sport fishing. These regulations may list the wildlife species that you 
may hunt or fish; seasons, bag or creel (container for carrying fish) 
limits; methods of hunting or sport fishing; descriptions of areas open 
to hunting or sport fishing; and other provisions as appropriate.
    In the case of this rule, we are issuing one regulation for an 
Alaska refuge. In 2015, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge finalized 
their comprehensive conservation plan (CCP), which included a 
prohibition on domestic sheep, goat, and camelid use on the refuge 
based on the risk of disease transmission to Dall's sheep. Any closures 
or restrictions of recreational uses on Alaska refuges must go through 
extensive public outreach and comment, including publication in the 
Federal Register.

Statutory Authority

    The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 
(Administration Act; 16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee, as amended by the National 
Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 [Improvement Act]) 
governs the administration and public use of refuges. The Refuge 
Recreation Act of 1962 (16 U.S.C. 460k-460k-4) (Recreation Act) governs 
the administration and public use of refuges and hatcheries. The Alaska 
National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA, 16 U.S.C. 3101, et 
seq.) governs the administration of public lands, including refuges, in 
Alaska.
    Amendments enacted by the Improvement Act were built upon the 
Administration Act in a manner that provides an ``organic act'' for the 
Refuge System, similar to organic acts that exist for other public 
Federal lands. The Improvement Act serves to ensure that we effectively 
manage the Refuge System as a national network of lands, waters, and 
interests for the protection and conservation of our Nation's wildlife 
resources. The Administration Act states first and foremost that we 
focus our Refuge System mission on conservation of fish, wildlife, and 
plant resources and their habitats. The Improvement Act requires the 
Secretary, before allowing a new use of a refuge or before expanding, 
renewing, or extending an existing use of a refuge, to determine that 
the use is compatible with the purpose for which the refuge was 
established and the mission of the Refuge System. The Improvement Act 
established as the policy of the United States that wildlife-dependent 
recreation, when compatible, is a legitimate and appropriate public use 
of the Refuge System, through which the American public can develop an 
appreciation for fish and wildlife. The Improvement Act established six 
wildlife-dependent recreational uses as the priority general public 
uses of the

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Refuge System. These uses are hunting, fishing, wildlife observation 
and photography, and environmental education and interpretation.
    The Recreation Act authorizes the Secretary to administer areas 
within the Refuge System and Hatchery System for public recreation as 
an appropriate incidental or secondary use only to the extent that 
doing so is practicable and not inconsistent with the primary 
purpose(s) for which Congress and the Service established the areas. 
The Recreation Act requires that any recreational use of refuge or 
hatchery lands be compatible with the primary purpose(s) for which we 
established the refuge and not inconsistent with other previously 
authorized operations.
    The Administration Act and Recreation Act also authorize the 
Secretary to issue regulations to carry out the purposes of the Acts 
and regulate uses.
    We develop specific management plans for each refuge prior to 
opening it to hunting or sport fishing. In many cases, we develop 
station-specific regulations to ensure the compatibility of the 
programs with the purpose(s) for which we established the refuge or 
hatchery and the Refuge and Hatchery System mission. We ensure initial 
compliance with the Administration Act and the Recreation Act for 
hunting and sport fishing on newly acquired land through an interim 
determination of compatibility made at or near the time of acquisition. 
These regulations ensure that we make the determinations required by 
these acts prior to adding refuges to the lists of areas open to 
hunting and sport fishing in 50 CFR parts 32 and 71. We ensure 
continued compliance by the development of CCPs, step-down management 
plans, and by annual review of hunting and sport fishing programs and 
regulations.
    For refuges in Alaska, we regulate the uses of refuge lands in 
compliance with ANILCA. Section 1110(a) of ANILCA defines our authority 
to regulate the use of nonmotorized surface transportation in Alaska. 
Under that section of ANILCA, we may close an area on a temporary or 
permanent basis to these nonmotorized transportation uses when we find 
that such use would be detrimental to the resource values of the area. 
This section of ANILCA also provides that if an NWR in Alaska needs to 
close or restrict a public use or mode of access in order to protect 
resources of the refuge, we must do extensive public outreach and 
provide opportunities for public comment as described by section 
1110(a) of ANILCA and the associated implementing regulations (i.e., 43 
CFR 36.11 and 50 CFR 36.42).

Summary of Comments and Responses

    On April 9, 2020, we published in the Federal Register (85 FR 
20030) a proposed rule to open hunting or sport fishing at 9 NFHs, open 
41 limited-interest easement NWRs in North Dakota, open 8 NWRs that are 
currently closed to hunting and sport fishing, expand hunting and sport 
fishing at 89 other NWRs, and add pertinent station-specific 
regulations for other NWRs that pertain to migratory game bird hunting, 
upland game hunting, big game hunting, and sport fishing for the 2020-
2021 season. We accepted public comments on the proposed rule for 60 
days, ending June 8, 2020. By that date, we received 3,177 comments on 
the proposed rule. Among these comments were 21 that were either 
intended for a different Department of the Interior rulemaking or 
otherwise irrelevant to this rule. We discuss the remaining 3,156 
comments we received below by topic. As we received 53 comments 
specific to the Arctic NWR regulation prohibiting domestic sheep, 
goats, and camelids on the refuge, those comments will be discussed by 
topic after all other comments. Beyond our responses below, additional 
station-specific information on how we responded to comments on 
particular hunting or fishing opportunities at a given refuge or 
hatchery can be found in that station's final hunting and/or fishing 
package, each of which can be located online here: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/hunting/rules-regulations-and-improved-access/.
    Comment (1): A few comments were wholly or in part a request that 
we extend the 60-day public comment period for the proposed rule; a 
couple of these comments specifically mention the current viral 
pandemic as a reason for the requested extension.
    Our Response: We declined to extend the comment period for our 
April 9, 2020, proposed rule (85 FR 20030). The standard public comment 
period for the annual rule proposing amendments to the regulations 
governing hunting and sport fishing on NWRs and NFHs is 30 days. The 
Service provided a 60-day comment period, which allowed for the 
submission of more than 3,000 public comments, for the 2020-2021 
proposed rule. We recognize the impact of COVID-19, but believe that 60 
days was an adequate amount of time for all interested parties to 
provide their comments to us. Moreover, extending the comment period 
could have disrupted coordination with State agencies or prevented the 
publication of a final rule in time for the start dates of relevant 
hunting and sport-fishing seasons, which would have effectively delayed 
the applicability of this rule.
    Comment (2): We received a substantial number of comments 
expressing general support for the proposed changes in the rule. Of the 
3,177 comments on the rule, 920 were in general support of the proposed 
changes. These comments of general support either expressed 
appreciation for the increased hunting and fishing access in the rule 
overall, expressed appreciation for increased access at particular 
refuges, or both. In addition to this general support, some commenters 
requested additional hunting and fishing opportunities at specific 
stations or generally in several States.
    Our Response: Hunting and fishing on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 
lands is a tradition that dates back to the early 1900s. In passing the 
Improvement Act, Congress reaffirmed that the Refuge System was created 
to conserve fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats, and would 
facilitate opportunities for Americans to participate in compatible 
wildlife-dependent recreation, including hunting and fishing on Refuge 
System lands. We prioritize wildlife-dependent recreation, including 
hunting and fishing, when doing so is compatible with the purpose of 
the refuge and the mission of the NWRS. Hunting or fishing on 
hatcheries, unlike Refuge System lands, is authorized, ``when such 
activity is not detrimental to the propagation and distribution of fish 
or other aquatic wildlife'' (50 CFR 71.1).
    We will continue to open and expand hunting and sport fishing 
opportunities across refuges and hatcheries; however, as detailed 
further in our response to Comment (3), below, opening or expanding 
hunting or fishing opportunities on Service lands is not a quick or 
simple process. The annual regulatory cycle begins in June or July of 
each year for the following hunting and sport fishing season (the 
planning cycle for this 2020-2021 final rule began in June 2019). This 
annual timeline allows us time to collaborate closely with our State, 
tribal, and territorial partners, as well as other partners including 
nongovernmental organizations, on potential opportunities. It also 
provides us with time to complete environmental analyses and other 
requirements for opening or expanding new opportunities. Therefore, it 
would be impracticable for the Service to complete multiple regulatory 
cycles in one calendar year due to the logistics of coordinating with 
various partners. Once we determine that a hunting or

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sport fishing opportunity can be carried out in a manner compatible 
with individual station purposes and objectives, we work expeditiously 
to open it.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (3): Many commenters expressed general opposition to any 
hunting or fishing in the Refuge System. Of the 3,177 comments on the 
rule, 1,939 were in general opposition to the proposed changes. In many 
cases, commenters stated that hunting was antithetical to the purposes 
of a ``refuge,'' which, in their opinion, should serve as an inviolate 
sanctuary for all wildlife. Some of these commenters generically 
opposed expanded or new hunting or fishing opportunities at specific 
stations.
    Our Response: The Service prioritizes facilitating wildlife-
dependent recreational opportunities, including hunting and fishing, on 
Service land in compliance with applicable Service law and policy. For 
refuges, the Administration Act, as amended, stipulates that hunting 
(along with fishing, wildlife observation and photography, and 
environmental education and interpretation), if found to be compatible, 
is a legitimate and priority general public use of a refuge and should 
be facilitated (16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)(3)(D)). Thus, we only allow hunting 
of resident wildlife on NWRs if such activity has been determined 
compatible with the established purpose(s) of the refuge and the 
mission of the Refuge System as required by the Administration Act. For 
hatcheries, we allow hunting and fishing when such activity is 
determined not to be detrimental to the propagation and distribution of 
fish or other aquatic wildlife (50 CFR 71.1). For all 147 stations 
opening and/or expanding hunting and/or fishing in this rule, we 
determined that the proposed actions were compatible or would not have 
detrimental impacts.
    Each station manager makes a decision regarding hunting and fishing 
opportunities only after rigorous examination of the available 
information, consultation and coordination with States and tribes, and 
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 
4321 et seq.) and section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 
amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), as well as other applicable laws and 
regulations. The many steps taken before a station opens or expands a 
hunting or fishing opportunity on the refuge ensure that the Service 
does not allow any opportunity that would compromise the purpose of the 
station or the mission of the agency.
    Hunting of resident wildlife on NWRs generally occurs consistent 
with State regulations, including seasons and bag limits. Refuge-
specific hunting regulations can be more restrictive (but not more 
liberal) than State regulations and often are more restrictive in order 
to help meet specific refuge objectives. These objectives include 
resident wildlife population and habitat objectives, minimizing 
disturbance impacts to wildlife, maintaining high-quality opportunities 
for hunting and other wildlife-dependent recreation, eliminating or 
minimizing conflicts with other public uses and/or refuge management 
activities, and protecting public safety.
    The word ``refuge'' includes the idea of providing a haven of 
safety for wildlife, and as such, hunting might seem an inconsistent 
use of the Refuge System. However, again, the Administration Act 
stipulates that hunting, if found compatible, is a legitimate and 
priority general public use of a refuge. Furthermore, we manage refuges 
to support healthy wildlife populations that in many cases produce 
harvestable surpluses that are a renewable resource. As practiced on 
refuges, hunting and fishing do not pose a threat to wildlife 
populations. It is important to note that taking certain individuals 
through hunting does not necessarily reduce a population overall, as 
hunting can simply replace other types of mortality. In some cases, 
however, we use hunting as a management tool with the explicit goal of 
reducing a population; this is often the case with exotic and/or 
invasive species that threaten ecosystem stability. Therefore, 
facilitating hunting opportunities is an important aspect of the 
Service's roles and responsibilities as outlined in the legislation 
establishing the Refuge System, and the Service will continue to 
facilitate these opportunities where compatible with the purpose of the 
specific refuge and the mission of the Refuge System.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (4): We received a comment from the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes 
expressing concern about public safety, compatibility with 
nonconsumptive uses, and the cultural value of certain areas to the 
tribes at Minidoka NWR. The tribes also requested that we list the 1868 
Fort Bridger Treaty between the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and the Federal 
Government in the background section of our refuge and NEPA planning 
documents for Minidoka NWR as a source of applicable law.
    Our Response: We address the public safety and compatibility with 
nonconsumptive uses concerns of all commenters as a common topic of 
interest below, in our responses to Comments (19) and (20), 
respectively. As for the tribes' concern about impacts on culturally 
valuable areas, we understand the concern and note that protection of 
cultural resources, including religious, sacred, and ceremonial sites, 
archaeological sites, and traditional use areas, is a priority for 
Minidoka NWR. Moreover, protection of these resources is mandated under 
Federal law and policy, including, for example, NEPA, the National 
Historic Preservation Act (54 U.S.C. 300101 et seq.), and the 
Archaeological Resources Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 470aa et seq.). 
Staff monitors cultural resources and will note any unusual activity or 
disturbance. Our cultural resource staff will visit the resources and 
note any changes in condition, taking appropriate action. The cultural 
resources staff will also be notified of discovery of previously 
unknown resources and will ensure compliance with all applicable 
regulations and procedures.
    As a result of the tribes' request with respect to the 1868 Fort 
Bridger Treaty, while we note that the treaty and our obligations under 
it are discussed in the relevant environmental analysis documents and 
the elk hunt plan for the Minidoka NWR, we will amend these documents 
to acknowledge the treaty in the background section and in additional 
key locations throughout the documents.
    Comment (5): We received a comment from the Tohono O'odham Nation 
concerning coyote hunting, ``trophy hunting,'' impacts on wilderness 
areas, impacts on the endangered Sonoran pronghorn antelope, and 
impacts on cultural resource areas at Cabeza Prieta NWR.
    Our Response: We respond generally to all commenters who raised 
predator hunting (including coyote), ``trophy hunting,'' and impact on 
wilderness concerns at any particular refuge or across the Refuge 
System, in our responses to Comments (15), (16), and (17), 
respectively. As to the effect on Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra 
americana sonoriensis) from hunting activities at Cabeza Prieta NWR, we 
fully assessed all hunts in this rule as part of our environmental 
analysis processes for the refuge and did not proceed with any hunts 
that could be expected to have an adverse affect on the pronghorn or 
any other endangered or threatened species. Furthermore, we have 
provided mitigation measures to

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ensure that the impacts to pronghorn, in particular, are minimized. 
There is a 0.25-mile (0.4-kilometer) no-shoot/hunting buffer zone 
around the Sonoran pronghorn captive breeding pen. These no-shoot/
hunting zones will protect the endangered Sonoran pronghorn and 
personnel at the breeding facility. The zone will also minimize the 
negative effects of hunting-related human activity on captive Sonoran 
pronghorn. Also, mule deer hunters will be provided with educational 
materials to prevent accidental take of Sonoran pronghorn.
    In recognition of the cultural concerns expressed by the Tohono 
O'odham Nation, in this final rule, we have reduced the proposed 
hunting areas by 30,000 acres and rescinded proposed hunting of three 
specific species of cultural importance to the nation on Cabeza Prieta 
NWR. We will consult with the Tohono O'odham on how these acres and 
species may be considered for opening to hunting in the future, without 
adverse effects to cultural resources on the refuge.
    Comment (6): The Hopi Tribe submitted a comment requesting an 
extension of the public comment period for our April 9, 2020, proposed 
rule (85 FR 20030), citing the COVID-19 pandemic as a reason for an 
extension.
    Our Response: At Comment (1) above, we responded generally to the 
requests of those who submitted comments requesting an extension of the 
proposed rule's comment period, including those who specifically based 
their requests on the circumstances of the current viral pandemic. Our 
response reflects what we stated in letters to organizations that 
requested an extension of the comment period by letter separately from 
the public comment process.
    Comment (7): We received comments from 20 State agencies, one 
regional association of fish and wildlife agencies, and one national 
association of fish and wildlife agencies either through the public 
comment on our April 9, 2020, proposed rule (85 FR 20030), the NEPA 
public comment process at one or more stations, or both. Among these 
comments, we received generally supportive comments with expressions of 
interest in continued collaboration from the Texas Parks and Wildlife 
Department; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Oklahoma 
Department of Wildlife Conservation; West Virginia Division of Natural 
Resources; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon 
Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; 
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission; Missouri Department of 
Conservation; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Nevada Department of 
Conservation and Natural Resources; Kansas Department of Wildlife, 
Parks & Tourism; and Illinois Department of Natural Resources. We 
received comments from the Alaska Department of Fish & Game and from 
the Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) that were also 
generally supportive of the rule but objected to the rule's approach to 
the State of Alaska, in particular the inclusion of a prohibition on 
certain pack animals at Arctic NWR. The Northeast Association of Fish & 
Wildlife Agencies expressed concerns about consistency and alignment 
with State regulations with respect to our regulations on the use of 
hunting dogs, in addition to expressing support for other parts of the 
rule. The remaining State agencies expressed support for much of the 
rule as well, but raised one or more concerns or requests for 
consideration on the proposed rule: The Georgia Department of Natural 
Resources requested further alignment of our regulations with State 
regulations. The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks 
submitted two comments;one expressing general support and the other 
requesting additional consideration for proposed hunts at LaCreek NWR. 
The Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife raised concerns 
about limitations on certain hunts at stations within the State. The 
Idaho Department of Fish and Game expressed concerns about the Minidoka 
and Camas NWRs, indicating they are ``ready to assist'' with the CCP 
process for Minidoka NWR. The Arizona Department of Fish and Game 
advocated for further alignment with Arizona's hunting regulations, 
including on falconry as a method of take. The Florida Fish and 
Wildlife Conservation Commission expressed concerns about the impacts 
of off-road vehicle use on Everglades Headwaters NWR.
    Our Response: The Service appreciates the support of, and is 
committed to working with, our State partners to identify additional 
opportunities for expansion of hunting and sport fishing on Service 
lands and waters. Our response to the concerns of the State of Alaska 
and AFWA are fully addressed in this comment summary and response under 
Alaska, below. Our response to the concerns of the Northeast 
Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies is detailed at Comment (24).
    In response to the request by the Georgia Department of Natural 
Resources, we made a change to the rule that fully aligns hours for 
alligator hunting with State regulations. In response to the concerns 
of the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, we revised the 
rule to allow the use of electric trolling motors on Pool #10 and 
broader hunter access. In response to the concerns of the Massachusetts 
Division of Fisheries & Wildlife, we are committed to working with the 
State in future rulemakings as we consider hunting opportunities on 
stations within the State while also balancing this with due 
consideration of other recreational uses and biological and 
environmental factors. In response to the concerns of the Idaho 
Department of Fish and Game, we will consider their recommendations and 
plan to consult with them in shaping our proposed rule for 2021-2022. 
We also welcome their cooperation and assistance in completing a CCP 
for Minidoka NWR. In response to the concerns of the Arizona Department 
of Fish and Game, we specifically use the term ``archery,'' as 
requested, in our regulations for Cibola NWR, and we respond to their, 
and another commenter's, concerns about falconry at Comment (23). We 
will continue to regularly consult and communicate with the State as 
requested in the comment. In response to the concerns of the Florida 
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, we will consider refuge use 
of off-road vehicles by hunters and anglers and how to balance impacts 
against other uses at Everglades Headwaters NWR.
    Comment (8): Several commenters stated that we are improperly 
deferring to State wildlife management authority with the proposed 
hunting and fishing regulation changes.
    Our Response: The Service works closely with our State partners in 
managing hunting and fishing programs on Service lands. We generally 
allow hunting or fishing of wildlife on refuges and hatcheries 
consistent with State regulations, including seasons and bag limits. 
Refuge-specific hunting and fishing regulations can be more restrictive 
(but not more liberal) than State regulations and often are more 
restrictive in order to help meet specific refuge objectives. Our 
authority to do so stems from the Administration Act, as amended, which 
states that when the Secretary determines that a proposed wildlife-
dependent recreational use is a compatible use within a refuge, that 
activity should be facilitated, subject to such restrictions or 
regulations as may be necessary, reasonable, and appropriate (16 U.S.C. 
668dd(a)(3)(D)). The Administration Act further provides that 
regulations permitting hunting or fishing of fish and resident

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wildlife within the Refuge System shall be, to the extent practicable, 
consistent with State fish and wildlife laws, regulations, and 
management plans (16 U.S.C. 668dd(m)). For hatcheries, hunting or 
fishing programs must be mutually agreed upon and managed with the 
States (50 CFR 70.1).
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (9): We received several comments that alleged the proposed 
rule is, or certain parts of the proposed rule are, a violation of the 
Service's mandate to ensure that the biological integrity, diversity, 
and environmental health of the Refuge System are maintained for the 
benefit of present and future generations of Americans (16 U.S.C 
668dd(a)(4)(B)).
    Our Response: We do not allow hunting on a refuge if it is found 
incompatible with that individual refuge's purposes or with the mission 
of the Refuge System. Part of the mission of the Refuge System is to 
ensure that the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental 
health of the Refuge System are maintained for the benefit of present 
and future generations of Americans (16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)(4)(B)). 
Therefore, each Service station manager uses his or her ``sound 
professional judgment'' (see the definition of this term in the Service 
Manual at 603 FW 2.6.U., available online at https://www.fws.gov/policy/603fw2.html) in making these inherently complex management 
decisions to ensure that each proposed action complies with this 
mandate. Each manager incorporates field experience, knowledge of 
refuge resources, considerations of the refuge's role within an 
ecosystem, applicable laws, and best available science in making these 
decisions. Service biologists and wildlife professionals, in 
consultation with the State, determine the optimal number of each game 
animal that should reside in an ecosystem and then establish hunt 
parameters (e.g., bag limits, sex ratios) based on those analyses. We 
carefully consider how a proposed hunt fits with individual refuge 
goals, objectives, and strategies before allowing the hunt. The new or 
expanded hunting and/or fishing opportunities in this rule are not 
expected to individually or collectively result in significant adverse 
direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts to hunted populations of 
migratory birds and resident wildlife, nonhunted migratory and resident 
wildlife, endangered and threatened species, habitat and plant 
resources, or other natural resources. We analyzed these impacts not 
only in each refuge's NEPA document, but also in the 2020-2021 
cumulative impacts report.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a direct result of these 
comments, but changes that we made for other reasons may reduce the 
potential for even minimal biological and environmental impacts.
    Comment (10): We received several comments expressing concern that 
specific stations amended either their compatibility determinations 
(CDs) or CCPs without sufficient explanation in order to open or expand 
hunting or fishing opportunities on a refuge.
    Our Response: Based on these comments, we have reviewed our CDs and 
CCPs in connection with all opening and expansions in this rule, and, 
as a result, for each opening or expansion we have either modified the 
relevant regulations or determined that no changes were necessary. Both 
the Administration Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd(e)) and ANILCA anticipate that 
revisions may need to be made to CCPs from ``time to time'' based on 
new information. Service policy allows minor revisions to CCP 
objectives and strategies as long as they do not significantly change 
the management direction of the refuge (603 FW 2). A refuge manager 
always may reevaluate the compatibility of a use at any time, but must 
review a CD every 15 years for wildlife-dependent recreational 
opportunities (603 FW 2.11.H.(1)). When making revisions to a CCP or CD 
we must document the reasons for the change, make the revised CCP 
publicly available or put forward the CD for public comment, and comply 
with NEPA and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 
et seq.), as amended, for any resulting changes in management actions 
taken by the Service. In the case of this rule, we took the additional 
step of inviting public comment on even minor changes to CCPs.
    We did make one regulatory change to the rule based on these 
comments. Specifically, in the regulations governing Quivira NWR in 
Kansas, we expressly added a requirement for a State-issued permit for 
the take of furbearers to clarify consistency with the refuge's CCP and 
with the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism.
    For any nonregulatory changes based on these comments, such as 
clarification in environmental analysis documents, please see the 
specific station's response to comments, available online here: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/hunting/rules-regulations-and-improved-access/.
    Comment (11): We received several comments concerned with the 
direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of the April 9, 2020, proposed 
rule on migratory birds, particularly as related to the requirements of 
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 U.S.C. 703-712), the Service's 
February 3, 2020, proposed rule defining the scope of the MBTA (85 FR 
5915), and that proposed rule's associated draft environmental impact 
statement (EIS). A few of these commenters were particularly concerned 
about those refuges whose purposes include ``inviolate sanctuaries for 
migratory birds'' or that have been designated as Important Bird Areas 
(IBAs) by the Audubon Society.
    Our Response: All of the migratory bird hunting opportunities in 
the Service are done within the frameworks set by the Service in 
compliance with the MBTA. These frameworks set season lengths, bag 
limits, and areas for migratory game bird hunting and ensure that 
hunting will not have adverse impacts on the populations of the various 
species of migratory birds through rigorous biological monitoring, 
information collection, and data review. To determine the appropriate 
frameworks for each species, the Service considers factors such as 
population size and trend, geographical distribution, annual breeding 
effort, the condition of breeding and wintering habitat, the number of 
hunters, and the anticipated harvest. After frameworks are established 
for season lengths, bag limits, and areas for migratory game bird 
hunting, States may select season dates, bag limits, and other 
regulatory options for the hunting seasons. States may always be more 
conservative in their selections than the Federal frameworks, but never 
more liberal. For more information on this process, see the 2020-2021 
cumulative impacts report on https://www.regulations.gov under Docket 
No. FWS-HQ-NWRS-2020-0013.
    Although it does not directly affect migratory bird hunting, the 
Service is developing a rulemaking that limits the scope of the 
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) to actions directed at migratory 
birds, thus excluding incidental take as a violation of the MBTA. The 
draft EIS associated with this proposed rule analyzed the impacts of 
incidental take on migratory bird populations at a continental scale 
and found that the preferred alternative, to promulgate regulations 
that define the scope of the MBTA to exclude incidental take, would 
likely lead to an increase in incidental take over time, without 
specifying what bird taxa may be the most affected or where. Consistent 
with this draft EIS, the Service anticipates that the proposed MBTA 
rule will have

[[Page 54081]]

minor impacts to migratory game birds that occur on NWRs. If the 
proposed rule defining the scope of the MBTA becomes final and impacts 
to migratory game birds occur as a result, we anticipate any impacts 
that might occur as a result of that proposed rule will be detected 
through the system of population monitoring and modeling cooperatively 
maintained by the Flyways. Any such impacts would then be addressed by 
adapting, as needed, migratory game bird management to meet obligations 
under the MBTA.
    The expansion of hunting of migratory game birds on NWRs indicate 
that the proposed harvests, or intentional take, of each species will 
constitute a negligible component of both national and flyway harvest. 
Migratory game bird hunting regulations are established within the 
above discussed frameworks compliant with NEPA to ensure that adverse 
impacts will not accumulate over time; thus, the proposed harvest will 
have a negligible impact on migratory bird resources within NWRs.
    In addition to all hunting for migratory game birds being set 
within this national framework, each station must also ensure that the 
hunting or fishing opportunity is compatible, or in the case of NFHs 
not detrimental, to the purpose of that station, and comply with 
applicable provisions of NEPA, the ESA, and other applicable laws and 
policy before opening or expanding migratory bird game hunting. This 
thorough process ensures that the Service has analyzed the potential 
impacts of the proposed hunting or fishing opportunity and determined 
that the opportunity would not have a significant impact on any 
migratory bird species, not just the targeted species.
    Where inviolate sanctuaries occur on NWRs, all uses must be 
evaluated for appropriateness and, if necessary, compatibility. The 
language within the Administration Act only applies to those lands with 
the designation of inviolate sanctuary for migratory birds. With this 
in mind, other uses (e.g., big game hunting, hiking, auto tours, etc.) 
can be allowed as long as they are compatible. When determining 
compatibility, the Service must consider the high bar that the 
inviolate sanctuary designation established.
    In addition, refuges with this designation will have to evaluate 
the influence of uses occurring or potentially occurring on other 
portions of the refuge and how they may affect the inviolate 
sanctuaries. Although this designation sets a higher level of 
consideration, it is clear that Congress intended for these areas to be 
considered for use when compatible. In the case of IBA designations 
from the Audubon Society, while several refuges in the rule do have 
these IBA designations, these designations do not place any additional 
legal restrictions related to migratory birds on management of these 
refuges. As discussed previously, each station goes through several 
different processes, including compatibility determinations, NEPA 
compliance, and ESA compliance to ensure that the hunting and fishing 
opportunities proposed would have no significant impacts on populations 
of migratory birds in compliance with the Service's mandates under the 
MBTA, Administration Act, or other applicable laws and policies.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (12): We received several comments arguing that we should 
have prepared an environmental impact statement (EIS) instead of 
station-specific environmental analyses combined with a national 
cumulative impact report. Some of these comments also argued that 
specific stations should have prepared an EIS where we prepared an 
environmental assessment (EA) or an EA where we prepared a categorical 
exclusion.
    Our Response: The Service disagrees with the assertion that we 
should prepare an EIS before proposing expanded hunting and fishing 
opportunities on refuges or hatcheries. We completed individual EAs 
for, or applied categorical exclusions to, 147 refuges and hatcheries, 
in compliance with NEPA, to evaluate the impacts of opening or 
expanding hunting and fishing opportunities on the stations through 
this rulemaking. These EAs and categorical exclusions underwent 
regional and national review to address and consider these actions from 
a local, regional, multi-State, and/or flyway perspective, and to 
consider the cumulative impacts from this larger geographical context. 
The 2020-2021 cumulative impacts report concludes, after analyzing the 
impacts, collectively, of all EAs and categorical exclusions prepared 
in connection with this rule, that the rule would not have significant 
impacts at the local, regional, or national level. The commenters who 
have raised these environmental analysis concerns have provided no 
additional information that would change this analysis or our 
conclusion. As discussed above, we annually conduct management 
activities on refuges and hatcheries that minimize or offset impacts of 
hunting and fishing on physical and cultural resources, including 
establishing designated areas for hunting; restricting levels of use; 
confining access and travel to designated locations; providing 
education programs and materials for hunters, anglers, and other users; 
and conducting law enforcement activities.
    In this rulemaking, the Service is expanding opportunities for 
recreational hunting and fishing. Expanding opportunities does not 
necessarily result in increased impacts to refuge resources. We 
anticipate that for some refuges, these expansions will not result in 
changes in usage of the refuge. In other cases, these expansions may 
lead to some increase in use of refuges, but these changes would likely 
by minor. Opening of new refuges may attract people to the refuge, but 
these hunters and/or anglers were likely already participating 
elsewhere on State or other Federal lands. Overall, considering the 
decreasing trends in hunting and fishing generally, and decreasing 
trends of these activities on refuges specifically, we do not expect 
this final rule to have a significant impact on the environment. As 
noted in our cumulative impacts report, hunter participation trends 
have been generally declining, some refuges attract a very small number 
of participants, and often participation rates decline over the course 
of a season.
    Finally, a Federal court found that this approach, using a bottom-
up analysis to assess the cumulative impact of increased hunting and 
fishing across the entire Refuge System, was an appropriate way for the 
Service to analyze the impacts of the rule in compliance with NEPA (see 
Fund for Animals v. Hall, 777 F. Supp. 2d 92, 105 (D.D.C. 2011)).
    In response to comments, we reviewed all EAs and categorical 
exclusions. The Service disagrees with the assertion that, for any of 
the stations in this rule, we should have prepared an EIS instead of an 
EA or an EA instead of a categorical exclusion. We did, however, 
determine that the use of a categorical exclusion to expand existing 
migratory bird and upland game hunting at Alamosa and Monte Vista NWRs 
may require additional consideration. While this does not result in any 
changes to the rule that are codified in the Code of Federal 
Regulations, the proposed expansions of 1,079 acres at Alamosa NWR and 
472 acres at Monte Vista NWR for migratory bird and upland game hunting 
will not be adopted.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as result of these 
comments.
    Comment (13): Many commenters expressed concern over the use of 
lead ammunition and/or lead fishing tackle on refuges and hatcheries. 
Some

[[Page 54082]]

individual commenters objected to these potential sources of lead at a 
particular refuge or hatchery, and multiple organizations were 
concerned about lead nationwide and referred us to scientific 
literature on the subject.
    Our Response: The Service shares the commenters' concerns regarding 
the bioavailability of lead in the environment. See, e.g., Nancy 
Golden, et al., ``A Review and Assessment of Spent Lead Ammunition and 
Its Exposure and Effects to Scavenging Birds in the United States,'' 
which is available online at https://www.fws.gov/midwest/refuges/Review%20and%20Assessment%20paper.pdf. Historically, the principal 
cause of lead poisoning in waterfowl was the collection of high 
densities of lead shot in wetland sediments associated with migratory 
bird hunting activities (Kendall et al. 1996). In 1991, as a result of 
high bird mortality, the Service instituted a nationwide ban on the use 
of lead shot for hunting waterfowl and coots (50 CFR 32.2(k)). The 
Service requires any new shot types for waterfowl and coot hunting to 
undergo rigorous testing in a three-tier approval process that involves 
an ecological risk assessment and an evaluation of the candidate shot's 
physical and chemical characteristics, short- and long-term impacts on 
reproduction in waterbirds, and potential toxic impacts on 
invertebrates (50 CFR 20.134). Because of this rigorous testing, the 
shot toxicity issue of the past is now substantially less of an 
ecological concern.
    However, there remains a concern about the bioavailability of spent 
lead ammunition (bullets) and sinkers on the environment, endangered 
and threatened species, birds, mammals, humans, and other fish and 
wildlife susceptible to biomagnification. For example, as one commenter 
noted, ``The impacts of lost lead tackle can be significant; for 
example, ingested lead fishing tackle is the leading cause of mortality 
in adult common loons'' (Grade, T. et al., 2017, in Population-level 
effects of lead fishing tackle on common loons. The Journal of Wildlife 
Management 82(1): 155-164.) The impacts of lead on human health and 
safety have been a focus of several scientific studies. As related to 
hunting and fishing, studies have found the ingestion of animals 
harvested via the use of lead ammunition increased levels of lead in 
the human body (e.g., Buenz, E. (2016). Lead exposure through eating 
wild game. American Journal of Medicine, 128: 458.).
    We share the commenters' concerns about the adverse impacts of 
lead. We have reviewed the literature provided during the public 
comment period and have updated our station-specific analyses, as well 
as the national cumulative impact report as appropriate.
    Although there is not a Service-wide ban on lead ammunition for 
non-migratory bird hunting activities or on lead sport fishing tackle, 
the Service has taken specific steps to limit the use of lead in 
hunting and fishing activities on refuges and hatcheries. Notably, we 
continue, in these annual rulemakings updating the regulations for 
hunting and sport-fishing on NWRs and NFHs, to phase out the use of 
lead on Service lands. On several refuges and hatcheries, the Service 
does prohibit the use of lead tackle or ammunition; since 2015, not 
counting this rule, 122 refuges and wetland management districts have 
implemented restrictions on the use of lead ammunition and lead sport 
fishing tackle for upland game, migratory bird, or sport fishing 
harvest activities. In this rule, Stillwater NWR prohibits the use of 
lead shot for hunting upland game; 21 other stations only allow 
nontoxic shot for upland, big game, and/or turkey hunting; and 10 
refuges and hatcheries limit the use of lead tackle in sport fishing. 
Three of these stations have both a hunting and a fishing lead 
restriction, so there are 29 total stations with lead restrictions in 
this rule.
    The Service continues to educate hunters and anglers on the impacts 
of lead on the environment, and particularly on human health and safety 
concerns of ingesting animals harvested with lead ammunition. We always 
encourage hunters and fishers to voluntarily use nontoxic ammunition 
and tackle for all harvest activities. Lead alternatives to both 
ammunition and tackle are becoming more widely available and used by 
hunters and anglers; however, they remain more expensive.
    The Service believes it is important to encourage refuge-State 
partnerships to reach decisions on lead usage. We continue to research 
this issue and engage with States and other partners to promote the use 
of non-lead ammunition and tackle. We share a strong partnership with 
the States in managing wildlife, and, therefore, we are proceeding with 
the phase-out of toxic ammunition in a coordinated manner with each 
respective State wildlife agency. For example, in California, the use 
of lead ammunition is prohibited Statewide including on all Service 
lands, largely in response to the adverse impacts of lead on the 
endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus).
    At those stations where the Service is continuing to allow lead 
ammunition and tackle in order to be consistent with the States, the 
number of new hunters or anglers expected to use lead bullets or lead 
tackle as a result of the new or expanded opportunities is anticipated 
to be very low, so the resulting addition of lead into the environment 
should be negligible or minor. Where lead ammunition or tackle is still 
allowed (although discouraged) on Service lands, the addition of lead 
and the associated impacts to the environment are negligible when 
compared to the lead in the environment as a result from other fishing, 
hunting, or other activities in the local, regional, and national area.
    We disagree with the assertion of some commenters that any use of 
lead shot in connection with opening and expanding hunting and fishing 
on the refuges and fish hatcheries in this rulemaking will harm 
endangered or threatened species. Each refuge and hatchery carefully 
evaluated possible impacts on endangered and threatened species as part 
of the NEPA process. As discussed above, on refuges, where lead 
ammunition or tackle is allowed, we found that the low number of 
hunters and anglers using lead ammunition or tackle would result in no 
more than a negligible increase of lead in the environment when 
compared to the lead ammunition and tackle being used in the 
surrounding areas. In addition, every refuge and hatchery looked at the 
impacts of these new or expanded hunting and fishing opportunities, 
including the allowance or prohibition of lead, on endangered and 
threatened species in compliance with requirements under section 7 of 
the ESA. The ESA requires Federal agencies to ensure that the actions 
they carry out, fund, or authorize do not jeopardize the continued 
existence of endangered or threatened species (listed species). For 
each refuge, the Service determined that the proposed action was not 
likely to adversely affect any listed species. We have reviewed 
commenters' concerns regarding insufficient analyses on the impact of 
lead in certain station-specific NEPA documents, and we have clarified 
or added additional analyses where appropriate.
    We have also updated the 2020-2021 cumulative impacts report to 
clarify and discuss additional information on the impacts of lead 
brought to our attention through the public comment period. While we 
will continue to phase out the use of lead ammunition and tackle on 
Service lands in cooperation with our State partners, we did not make 
any changes to the rule as a direct result of these comments. We have, 
however,

[[Page 54083]]

added new prohibitions for use of toxic shot for multiple hunts at 
Coldwater River, Patoka River, Ottawa, and Horicon NWRs in this rule. 
Therefore, this rule contains a total of 33 lead-limiting hunting and 
fishing provisions at 29 stations.
    Comment (14): We received several comments that claimed the Service 
had not adequately addressed the cumulative impacts to endangered and 
threatened species. Some of these comments pointed to one or more 
particular species.
    Our Response: In compliance with section 7 of the ESA, every 
station determined that their proposed actions would have either ``no 
effect'' or were ``not likely to adversely affect'' endangered and 
threatened species or designated critical habitat. Because endangered 
and threatened species are usually highly localized, minor or 
negligible impacts on an endangered or threatened species at a local or 
even regional scale would likely have no cumulative impact on national 
populations of those species.
    While there may be some minor, localized, and temporary (short-
term) impacts to endangered and threatened species as a result of 
hunting or fishing activities, every station ensured that these impacts 
were minimized and, in many cases, offset them through a variety of 
management activities. For example, one commenter expressed concerns 
over the cumulative impact to the endangered northern aplomado falcon 
(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) at Lower Rio Grande Valley NWR and 
Laguna Atacosta NWR. The majority of hunts at these refuges are not 
taking place during the nesting season and are not occurring in areas 
utilized by aplomado falcons. Hunts are occurring in association with 
brush habitats and not within the coastal prairie habitats utilized by 
the aplomado falcon. Over the course of nearly three decades, no 
adverse effects to aplomado falcons from the conduct of the hunts on 
refuges in south Texas or elsewhere has ever been documented.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (15): We received many comments expressing concern about 
opening and expanding opportunities for hunting of predator species. 
Several of these comments objected to all proposed hunting of a 
predator species on a Service station and named all such stations. Some 
commenters alleged that we did not give enough consideration to the 
impacts of those proposed hunts, and that the hunts conflicted with the 
Service's mandates under the Administration Act to maintain the 
biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the 
refuge. Some commenters were also concerned that the cumulative impacts 
report was not sufficient in its analysis of furbearer species 
specifically.
    Our Response: Refuge managers consider predator management 
decisions on a case-by-case basis. As with all species, a refuge 
manager makes a decision about managing predator populations, which are 
included in the category of resident wildlife, including allowing 
predatory species to be hunted, only after careful examination to 
ensure the action would comply with relevant laws, policies, and 
directives. The Administration Act, as amended, directs the Service to 
manage refuges for ``biological integrity, diversity, and environmental 
health.'' Predators play a critical role in the integrity, diversity, 
and overall health of ecosystems, so before allowing predators to be 
hunted, a refuge manager must ensure that these actions do not threaten 
the integrity, diversity, or health of the refuge ecosystem. The 
manager must also determine that the action is compatible with refuge 
purposes and the mission of the Refuge System, and in keeping with the 
refuge's CCP and other step-down plans. In addition, the refuge manager 
analyzes the impacts of the actions on the environment through the NEPA 
process and section 7 of the ESA. Therefore, a refuge manager must take 
many steps to ensure that any opportunity for hunting predators on a 
refuge meets the Service's applicable laws and policies.
    The Administration Act, as amended, also mandates that regulations 
permitting hunting or fishing of fish and resident wildlife within the 
Refuge System shall be, to the extent practicable, consistent with 
State fish and wildlife laws, regulations, and management plans (16 
U.S.C. 668dd(m)). Therefore, all the opportunities for hunting 
predators in this rule that are intended to bring greater consistency 
with State fish and wildlife laws, regulations, and management plans 
are part of realizing the Service's mission. Moreover, these, as with 
all predator hunting determinations and all hunting and fishing 
determinations, were only made after careful consideration by the 
refuge manager to ensure that such actions would not threaten the 
integrity, diversity, and overall health of the ecosystem and were 
compatible with both the purpose of the refuge and the mission of the 
Refuge System. For NFHs, the hatchery manager made the decision that 
such opportunities were not detrimental to the propagation of fish, 
wildlife, or aquatic species (50 CFR 70.1). Finally, both the NEPA 
process and the rulemaking process provide the opportunity for the 
public to provide comments and any additional information on impacts of 
our actions. We considered the additional information provided from the 
public on this issue during these public comment periods and determined 
that they did not affect our initial determinations that these small 
and minor opportunities for hunting predators on specific refuges or 
hatcheries will have no more than minor impacts on the population 
health of these species or other wildlife at the local, regional, or 
national level.
    To clarify, our determination of the rule's impact on furbearers, 
like many other resident wildlife species in this rule, is not based on 
bag limits, but rather on the limited number of hunters that we expect 
to pursue these opportunities as a result of the rule. Hunting for 
furbearers (including some predators) on refuges is often limited by 
season date ranges and hours of day. In other cases, the terrain and 
habitat of the refuge or hatchery are not conducive to these types of 
hunting opportunities. Therefore, it is our determination that this 
rule, while bringing greater alignment with State hunting regulations, 
will not result in significant impacts to predator or furbearer 
species. We have updated the 2020-2021 cumulative impacts report to 
clarify these points of public concern.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (16): We also received various comments expressing the 
sentiment that ``trophy hunting,'' trapping, baiting, and hounding of 
predators are ``unsportsmanlike'' activities and inappropriate uses on 
Service lands.
    Our Response: The Service does not attempt to define or authorize 
``trophy hunting'' in any of our laws, regulations, or policies 
concerning hunting. We follow State hunting and fishing regulations 
(except for where we determine it is necessary to be more restrictive 
on individual stations), including State regulations concerning 
responsible hunting, or prohibitions on wanton waste (defined as ``to 
intentionally waste something negligently or inappropriately''). We 
only allow hunting on refuges and hatcheries when we have determined 
that the opportunity is sustainable and compatible.
    The use of dogs for hounding is prohibited on refuges by 50 CFR 
26.21(b) unless authorized by station-specific regulations, and many 
refuges

[[Page 54084]]

only authorize the use of dogs for retrieval of migratory birds, upland 
game birds, and small game. Most refuges that allow dogs require the 
dogs to be under the immediate control of the hunter at all times, or 
leashed unless actively retrieving an animal. There are also some 
hatcheries that allow hounding. All of them do so in order to provide 
complete consistency with State regulations in the interest of 
effective law enforcement, as the hatcheries that allow this activity 
are small and are only providing access on their land for hounding 
because they are surrounded by State land that allows this practice. In 
cases where there may be concerns with use of dogs impacting the 
management and purpose of the hatchery, those hatcheries have also been 
closed to hounding.
    In States where baiting is allowed, some refuges have elected to be 
more restrictive and not support this method of hunting. In cases where 
hatcheries have allowed this activity, they do not expect the hunting 
activity for species such as bear will occur, and thus no baiting would 
occur on the hatchery. Some hatcheries allow this use to be in complete 
consistency with State regulations for law enforcement reasons.
    Trapping is not a valid method of take as part of hunting programs 
in the Refuge System. Under the Improvement Act, trapping is not 
considered a priority wildlife-dependent recreational use of the Refuge 
System. Trapping on refuges is generally only implemented to accomplish 
specific wildlife management objectives. These objectives vary between 
refuges and are often an essential tool in meeting refuge management 
objectives (e.g., trapping of predators may be necessary to accomplish 
waterfowl production objectives or to protect an endangered species).
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (17): Several commenters raised the issue of the impact of 
the rule on wilderness, particularly as defined by the 1964 Wilderness 
Act (16 U.S.C. 1131-1136). Some of these comments focused on wilderness 
concerns at specific refuges, including Cabeza Prieta NWR in Arizona.
    Our Response: Hunting and fishing are generally compatible 
wildlife-dependent recreational activities allowed in many wilderness 
areas managed by both the Service and other land management agencies, 
such as the Bureau of Land Management and the National Park Service. 
However, in order to be compatible with wilderness purpose and values, 
hunting and fishing activites within wilderness areas are subject to 
certain limitations, including foot or nonmotorized watercraft access 
only, primitive weapons only, and in some cases special use permit 
requirements that ensure wilderness values are protected. Because 
hunting and fishing in wilderness is not easily accessible and has many 
restrictions, we anticipate the number of hunters or anglers in 
wilderness to be very low, and we determined there will be no 
significant impacts to wilderness areas or wilderness values from this 
rule. For example, the wilderness area at Cabeza Prieta NWR is fairly 
accessible to visitors due to the unique non-wilderness road corridors 
along El Camino del Diablo and Christmas Pass Road. Yet, due to the 
rugged terrain and extreme weather conditions, the Service does not 
anticipate hunters traveling more than 5 miles from these roads. 
Therefore, increased hunting opportunities will potentially affect a 
maximum of 19 percent of the 860,000-acre refuge. Hunting will be 
limited to foot access only to ensure wilderness values are protected. 
We anticipate the number of hunters will be low, and there will be 
negligible increase in impacts to the refuge's wilderness area.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (18): A couple commenters had questions about permitting 
for hunting and fishing at certain refuges.
    Our Response: First, the best source for answers to detailed 
questions on permitting at a given refuge is still the refuge website, 
brochures, station signage, and/or station staff. Second, these 
inquiries may have been prompted by the fact that in this rule we made 
a significant number of regulatory changes related to permits, many of 
them specifying the particular Federal form required. The forms that 
the Service uses to issue permits must be approved by the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) and assigned an OMB control number. 
Therefore, the rule ensures that our regulations list the approved form 
number of the permit, which displays a valid OMB control number, that 
is required at the station. These clarifying changes to our regulations 
should benefit all hunters and anglers who visit the refuges and 
hatcheries. Each station has further instructions on the permit process 
at that station's office, listed in the station's hunting or fishing 
brochure, and/or on various signs and placards located around the 
station.
    Comment (19): We received many comments that expressed concern over 
some aspect of public safety. Commenters raised concerns about openings 
or expansions of hunting at several stations based on the potential for 
trespassing, the location of refuges in crowded areas, potential 
conflicts with other visitors to the refuge, or the need for adequate 
funding and/or staffing. In particular, the most common specific 
concern was that the increase in openings and expansions of hunting and 
sport fishing would overwhelm existing law enforcement capacity. These 
concerns were expressed for multiple specific stations and as a 
nationwide issue, but we received the most comments about public safety 
concerns both nationally and locally around hunting at Sachuest Point 
NWR.
    Our Response: The Service considers public safety to be a top 
priority. In order to open or expand hunting or sport fishing on a 
refuge, we must find the activity compatible. In order to find an 
activity compatible, the activity must not ``materially interfere or 
detract from'' public safety, wildlife resources, or the purpose of the 
refuge (see the Service Manual at 603 FW 2.6.B., available online at 
https://www.fws.gov/policy/603fw2.html). For this rulemaking, we 
specifically analyzed the possible impacts of the changes to hunting 
programs at each refuge and hatchery on visitor use and experience, 
including public safety concerns and possible conflicts between user 
groups.
    Hunting of resident wildlife on refuges generally occurs consistent 
with State regulations, which are designed to protect public safety. 
Refuges may also develop refuge-specific hunting regulations that are 
more restrictive than State regulations in order to help meet specific 
refuge objectives, including protecting public safety. Refuges use many 
techniques to ensure the safety of hunters and visitors, such as 
requiring hunters to wear blaze orange, controlling the density of 
hunters, limiting where firearms can be discharged (e.g., not across 
roads, away from buildings), and using time and space zoning to limit 
conflicts between hunters and other visitors. It is worth noting that 
injuries and deaths related to hunting are extremely rare, both for 
hunters themselves and for the nonhunting public.
    However, public comment is important in making sure we have 
considered all available information and concerns before making a final 
decision on a proposed opening or expansion. For Sachuest Point NWR, 
the Service proposed a non-annual, short-duration, limited (maximum 8 
hunters), mentored firearms hunt for white-tailed deer, with the chance 
to opportunistically hunt coyote or fox while deer hunting. Opposition 
to the proposal was widespread, including from the

[[Page 54085]]

municipality, State representatives, and the State's congressional 
delegation. The refuge received over 600 comments on the proposed hunt 
at the refuge, and 97 percent of those commenters were opposed to the 
plan, with particular concerns about public safety and impacts to 
recently restored marshland. For these reasons, the hunt unit area is 
being decreased from 223 acres to 150 acres to exclude areas near town 
beaches and the salt marsh, and the allowed method of take is changed 
from firearms to archery only. For Bosque del Apache NWR, we are not 
adopting the proposed hunting of dark goose, American coot, common 
moorhen, common snipe, duck, and merganser in order to ensure no 
negative impacts to public safety or to important habitat on the 
refuge. This means we are removing 663 acres for migratory bird hunting 
on Bosque del Apache NWR from what we proposed on April 9, 2020 (85 FR 
20030). This final rule also incorporates changes from the proposed 
rule to the designated areas where hunting can occur for public safety 
reasons at three other refuges that are not codified in the Code of 
Federal Regulations but that will be reflected on the refuges' 
websites, in their brochures, and on their signage. Specifically, from 
the designated hunting areas we proposed on April 9, 2020 (85 FR 
20030): (1) We removed 16 acres from the designated hunting area for 
John H. Chafee NWR in response to public safety concerns, including a 
comment from local law enforcement; (2) we removed 16 acres from the 
designated hunting area for Ottawa NWR in order to reduce the risk of 
trespassing through adjacent lands in the interest of public safety; 
and (3) we removed 80 acres from the designated hunting area for 
LaCreek NWR in order to reduce the risk of trespassing on adjacent 
lands in the interest of public safety.
    For the rest of the proposed openings or expansions of hunting in 
our April 9, 2020, proposed rule (85 FR 20030), we have determined that 
there are sufficient protections in place as part of the hunt program 
at that station to ensure public safety. For more information on the 
Service's efforts to ensure public safety at a particular station, 
please see that station's hunt plan, compatibility determination, and 
associated NEPA analysis.
    Regarding concerns about lack of funding or staffing, Service 
policy (603 FW 2.12.A.(7)) requires station managers to determine that 
adequate resources (including personnel, which in turn includes law 
enforcement) exist or can be provided by the Service or a partner to 
properly develop, operate, and maintain the use in a way that will not 
materially interfere with or detract from fulfillment of the refuge 
purpose(s) and the Service's mission. If resources are lacking for 
establishment or continuation of wildlife-dependent recreational uses, 
the refuge manager will make reasonable efforts to obtain additional 
resources or outside assistance from States, other public agencies, 
local communities, and/or private and nonprofit groups before 
determining that the use is not compatible. When Service law 
enforcement resources are lacking, we are often able to rely upon State 
fish and game law-enforcement capacity to assist in enforcement of 
hunting and fishing regulations. For all 147 stations opening or 
expanding hunting and/or sport fishing in this rule, we have determined 
that we have adequate resources, including law enforcement personnel, 
to develop, operate, and maintain the proposed hunt programs.
    We did not make any additional changes (other than those described 
in this response) to the rule as a result of these comments.
    Comment (20): Many commenters stated and even put forward 
statistics on the fact that the majority of Americans do not hunt. Most 
of these commenters were also of the opinion that allowing hunting 
would impede ``non-consumptive'' uses of refuges, including photography 
and wildlife viewing. A few of these commenters mentioned our 
obligation to manage the refuges in the interest of multiple uses, 
particularly those listed in the Administration Act.
    Our Response: Congress, through the Administration Act, as amended, 
envisioned that hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and photography, 
and environmental education and interpretation would all be treated as 
priority public uses of the Refuge System. Therefore, the Service 
facilitates all of these uses on refuges, as long as they are found 
compatible with the purposes of the specific refuge and the mission of 
the Refuge System. For this rulemaking, we specifically analyzed the 
possible impacts of the changes to hunting programs at each refuge and 
hatchery on visitor use and experience, including public safety 
concerns and possible conflicts between user groups.
    The refuges and hatcheries in this rulemaking use a variety of 
techniques to reduce user conflict, such as specific hunt seasons, 
limited hunting hours, restricting which parts of the station are open 
to hunting, and restricting the number of hunters. Station managers 
also use public outreach tools, such as signs and brochures, to make 
users aware of hunting and their options for minimizing conflict. Most 
stations have station-specific regulations to improve the quality of 
the hunting experience as well as provide for quality wildlife-
dependent experiences for other users. The Service is aware of several 
studies showing a correlation between increased hunting and decreased 
wildlife sightings, which underscores the importance of using the 
aforementioned techniques, particularly time and space zoning of 
hunting, to ensure a quality experience for all refuge and hatchery 
visitors. More information on how a specific station facilitates 
various wildlife-dependent recreation opportunities can be found in the 
station's CCP, hunt plan, and/or station-specific associated NEPA 
document. The public may contact the specific refuge or hatchery for 
any of these materials, and the NEPA documents associated with this 
rule are available here for all stations: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/hunting/rules-regulations-and-improved-access/.
    In response to public comments, this rule incorporates changes to 
Bosque del Apache NWR's refuge-specific hunting regulations to help 
address impacts on other wildlife-dependent recreation users and 
partners working on the refuge, as well as possible impacts to habitat 
on the refuge. In addition, we have made modifications to the 
designated hunting area, in order to reduce risk of conflict with other 
priority public uses, at Lee Metcalf NWR that are not codified in the 
Code of Federal Regulations but that will be reflected on the refuge's 
website, in its brochures, and on its signage. Specifically, from the 
designated hunting area we proposed on April 9, 2020 (85 FR 20030), we 
removed 1,463 acres at Lee Metcalf NWR in the interest of balancing 
priority public uses.
    Comment (21): One comment centered on the impact of muzzleloaders 
(firearms loaded through the open end of the barrel, as opposed to 
modern breech-loaded firearms) on wildlife and public health and safety 
for a long list of refuges. A few of the refuges named do not allow 
muzzleloader firearms, with this rule or otherwise, but the majority of 
those listed do under this rule.
    Our Response: We have determined that the allowance of muzzleloader 
rifles as a method of take at these refuges is compatible with the 
purposes of those refuges and the mission of the Refuge System. We have 
also determined that allowing this method of take will have negligible 
impacts on wildlife and public safety for the following reasons:

[[Page 54086]]

    (a) Numbers of hunters using muzzleloaders on the specific refuges 
named in the comment and on Service lands in general are expected to 
remain low. The 2016 National Survey of Hunting and Fishing reported 
that only 12 percent of all hunters reported using muzzleloaders.
    (b) Noise produced by muzzleloading and modern rifles and shotguns 
of the same caliber and barrel length are similar in decibel range 
(approximately 150-160 dB for shotguns). However, the noise produced by 
these weapons has quite different characteristics. Black powder used in 
muzzleloaders makes a much lower frequency noise of longer duration. 
Smokeless cartridges used in modern firearms have a faster burn, which 
gives a much higher pitched noise that is much shorter. The high-
pitched crack of modern firearms is more damaging to hearing, and 
likely more disturbing to wildlife than the lower-pitched sound of 
black-powder weapons.
    (c) Muzzleloading weapons have a shorter effective range and 
require a closer approach to game than when using modern firearms. In 
addition, the long reloading time of muzzleloaders (approximately 30 
seconds) means that hunters typically wait for better opportunities, 
and fewer shots are fired.
    (d) Muzzleloaders use a variety of propellants, including black 
powder, a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. Black 
powder does produce relatively large quantities of smoke when fired. If 
combustion of black powder is complete, smoke would contain primarily 
nitrogen and carbon dioxide. However, since combustion is incomplete, 
black powder combustion produces hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, 
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. (See Del'Aria, Cynthia and 
Opperman, David A. 2017. ``Pyrotechnics in the Entertainment Industry: 
An Overview.'' pp. 791-802 In: Sataloff, Robert T. (ed) 2017. 
Professional Voice, Fourth Edition: The Science and Art of Clinical 
Care (3 vol). Plural Publishing.) These compounds are toxic if breathed 
in high concentrations; however, in field conditions encountered when 
hunting, black powder smoke disperses rapidly. Total amounts produced 
as a result of hunting activity would be negligible, and therefore 
effects to wildlife would also be negligible.
    (e) Muzzleloaders do take significantly more knowledge to operate 
than modern firearms, and involve greater risk. However, a political 
and social research firearm injury surveillance study, which 
accumulated data from 1993 to 2008, reported that firearm-related 
incidents (all firearms) occurred in only 9 out of every 1 million 
hunting days. (See Loder, Randall T. and Farren, Neil. 2014. ``Injuries 
from firearms in hunting activities.'' Injury: International Journal of 
the Care of the Injured 45(8): 1207-1214. Online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.04.043.) In 2017, there were over 17 million 
hunters with firearms according to the National Sporting Goods 
Association (NSGA), and only 35 injuries occurred per 100,000 
participants, of which a vast majority were not serious injuries. (See 
Target Tamers. 2020. ``Hunting Accident Statistics: Fatalities, 
Injuries, and Tree Stand Accidents.'' Online at: https://www.targettamers.com/guides/hunting-accident-statistics/#_ftn24.) Thus, 
while hunting with any type of firearm involves risk, overall it is an 
extremely safe activity.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of this 
comment.
    Comment (22): We received one comment stating there was no mention 
of ``catch and release'' in the proposed rule and asking us to 
``advocate for'' this method of fishing in the interest of maintaining 
fish populations.
    Our Response: We agree with the commenter that catch-and-release 
restrictions can be a good way to both allow fishing and ensure 
population health of the targeted species. We do have catch-and-release 
restrictions on many of our stations. For example, we have three 
stations (Assabet River NWR, Cherry Valley NWR, and Wallkill River NWR) 
in this rule that retain their regulations allowing only catch-and-
release fishing. Where catch-and-release is not required, it usually 
means that, consistent with the State, the fishery populations are 
healthy enough to sustain some take or that the targeted species are 
nonnative.
    Comment (23): Two comments, one of them referencing the other, 
advocate for falconry as an approved method of take in alignment with 
State regulations, specifically in the State of Arizona.
    Our Response: We allow hunting of resident wildlife on NWRs only if 
such activity has been determined compatible with the established 
purpose(s) of the refuge and the mission of the Refuge System as 
required by the Administration Act. Service policy, as outlined in our 
Service manual at 605 FW 2.7.M. (Special Hunts), stipulates, ``We will 
address special types of hunts, such as falconry, in the hunt section 
of the visitor service plan (VSP).'' In other words, each refuge 
manager, when developing their step-down VSP (which would include a 
hunt plan, if appropriate) from their CCP, must first determine if 
hunting is compatible. Assuming it is found to be compatible, the 
refuge manager would next determine the conduct of the hunt, which 
might include the use of falconry. A refuge manager has discretion to 
restrict hunting and types of hunting, including falconry, if, for 
example, endangered or threatened species are present, the cumulative 
impacts of a type of hunt have not been analyzed or are not available, 
or if a type of special hunt is not compatible with the refuge purpose. 
Thus, this issue is decided individually on a refuge-by-refuge basis. 
The Service remains committed to opening hunting methods, including 
falconry and especially those methods allowed by State regulations, 
whenever it is possible to do so at a given refuge in a manner 
consistent with all purposes and objectives of the refuge, in the 
professional judgment of the refuge manager.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (24): One commenter requested that we change our 
regulations on the use of dogs for hunting to be more consistent 
Service-wide and to align them with State regulations.
    Our Response: Even though State regulations may allow dogs during 
hunting activities, our general refuge regulations prohibit all 
domesticated animals at 50 CFR 26.21(b) unless authorized by refuge-
specific regulations. While refuges adopt State hunting and fishing 
regulations to the extent practicable, they must also comply with the 
general refuge regulations. Therefore, in order to allow dogs during 
hunting activities, each refuge must authorize the use of dogs during 
hunting activities in their refuge-specific entries at 50 CFR part 32. 
As explained above, all uses on refuges must be found compatible and 
must not conflict with refuge objectives. Some refuges have found that 
the use of dogs during hunting activities must be limited or not 
authorized in order to avoid conflict with refuge objectives. Where we 
do allow the use of dogs while hunting, we attempt to have consistency 
with regulations between refuges, especially within States and 
geographic regions.
    As an example of such efforts, the Northeast Region, based on 
conversations and cooperation with Northeast Association of Fish & 
Wildlife Agencies leadership, evaluated its current practices and 
ultimately proposed in our April 9, 2020, proposed rule (85 FR 20030) 
to allow some use of dogs while hunting to increase consistency. Nearly 
all refuges in the

[[Page 54087]]

Northeast Region will soon be aligned with their respective State's 
regulations on the use of dogs during hunting seasons for big game, 
upland game, and migratory game birds.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a direct result of this 
comment, but we did make some changes to regulations related to the use 
of dogs for other reasons, and these changes may increase consistency 
across stations and further align with State regulations.
    Comment (25): We received one comment that urged the development of 
a user fee that would be consistently applied for all refuges and 
hatcheries and for all recreational uses.
    Our Response: The Service collects entrance and recreation fees 
under the authorities of the Refuge Revenue Sharing Act of 1935 (16 
U.S.C. 715s) and the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (FLREA; 
16 U.S.C. 6801 et seq.). Service policy requires refuge managers to 
consider two factors in determining fees for any activity: Fair market 
value and costs involved in providing the use. Because fair market 
value and refuge costs can differ among localities, there is often a 
range of different fees for similar activities in different locations. 
For locations that collect fees under FLREA, public comment periods are 
required when refuges initiate fees and to change the types and amounts 
of fees. We encourage public participation in this process.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of this 
comment.
    Comment (26): A number of commenters mentioned climate change, as a 
general environmental issue, as something we should consider in 
developing this rule. A few of these commenters specifically argued 
that we did not fully consider the impacts of this rule in the context 
of the separate impacts of climate change on fish, wildlife, and other 
refuge resources in our cumulative impacts report.
    Our Response: The Service considers the impacts of climate change 
on the management of wildlife and responds to a changing climate 
through its annual process of setting hunting and fishing seasons. 
Hunting seasons are based on biological monitoring and coordination 
with our State partners. In some circumstances, seasons may be adjusted 
based on predicted harvest rates, population levels, seasonal factors, 
and other assessments. While this process is not necessarily climate-
based, over time, as the variables mentioned above change, the Service 
responds by altering its regulations accordingly. These regulatory 
changes are only incremental changes that build on previous changes. 
Any major changes in station or environmental conditions, such as an 
unsustainable decrease in a species population or sizeable increases in 
refuge or hatchery acreage or public uses, would trigger additional 
planning, NEPA review, Compatibility Determinations, and ESA section 7 
evaluation processes. The Service may reevaluate compatibility at any 
time if conditions warrant. These required planning and management 
processes ensure that adverse impacts will not accumulate over time.
    As a result of these comments, we have updated the 2020-2021 
cumulative impacts report to further clarify our approach to 
considering climate change. We did not make any changes to the rule as 
a result of these comments.
    Comment (27): Several comments noted the potential benefits of this 
rule in reducing the spread of wildlife diseases due to the increase in 
hunting opportunities. One of these comments further urged us to ensure 
that our regulations provide flexibility for individual stations to 
address chronic wasting disease in deer populations.
    Our Response: We agree that in States where chronic wasting disease 
(CWD) is prevalent, hunting can be a useful emergency management tool 
for reducing the spread and prevalence of CWD. Population reduction can 
minimize disease transmission and selective culling of deer in areas 
where CWD occurs and can control the prevalence of the disease (Mateus-
Pinilla, N., M.O. Ruiz, P. Shelton, and J. Novakofski. 2013. Evaluation 
of a wild white-tailed deer population management program for 
controlling chronic wasting disease in Illinois, 2003-2008. 
Preventative Veterinary Medicine, 110(3-4): 541-548). For many of the 
refuges in affected States, there are strategies to coordinate with the 
State on responses to CWD outbreaks outlined in the station's hunt plan 
or CD. Beyond opening additional emergency hunts, stations can, when 
necessary, coordinate with States to monitor for CWD and provide 
additional staff support and resources for the State's response to an 
outbreak.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (28): We received two comments that touched on the proposed 
rule's discussion of the economic impacts of the rule. One commenter 
argued that we must include local economies with no expected changes to 
revenues as a result of the proposed rule alongside those that may see 
changes because omitting them ``skews the results'' in our conclusion 
that the rule will not significantly affect a substantial number of 
small entities. The second commenter claimed that we must conduct a 
Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis for this rule and that it must 
include the impact of the rule on non-consumptive users.
    Our Response: For the first comment, if we were to include 
estimates of zero impact for any number of local economies in areas 
unaffected by the rule, it would not change our estimate of the maximum 
nationwide economic impact and would not change anything about the 
potential economic significance of the rule.
    Regarding the second comment, a Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis 
is required for some rulemakings, but this rulemaking does not require 
such an analysis because we can certify that it will not significantly 
affect a substantial number of small entities. The commenter is correct 
that non-consumptive users are an important user group at our refuges 
and hatcheries, and they do bring benefits to local economies. However, 
the commenter's argument that we need to consider economic impacts of 
the rule on non-consumptive users, and presumably that it would change 
our finding on significance of the rule's impact if we did, does not 
persuade us for two key reasons. First, if the impacts the commenter 
describes, lost revenue for local economies from fewer non-consumptive 
use days at refuges and hatcheries, were to occur as a result of this 
rule, they would be offset by the increased revenues that we have 
calculated for the added hunting and fishing use days. This means that 
calculating both impacts, again assuming there were lost non-
consumptive use days, could never find as much of an impact as 
calculating one or the other alone. Calculating impacts related to both 
user groups would be inefficient. Second, calculating only the economic 
impact of the rule's effects on non-consumptive users of the refuges 
would not likely result in a higher estimate of maximum nationwide 
economic impact because there are no expected effects on this user 
group, which means the estimated economic impacts would be zero. As 
discussed above in our response to Comment (20), this rule is not 
expected to significantly impact non-consumptive users. None of the 
provisions in this rule regulate non-consumptive uses of the refuge, 
and all openings and expansions of hunting and fishing are assessed for 
compatibility with non-consumptive uses. The Service has put in place 
many restrictions on hunting and fishing programs, including some added 
in response to comments on this rule, in

[[Page 54088]]

order to ensure that we balance the various priority wildlife-dependent 
recreation uses on all refuges and hatcheries. We do not expect the 
rule to effect non-consumptive use of the refuges and hatcheries, and 
we fully expect the trends of increasing non-consumptive use mentioned 
by the commenter to continue alongside the implementation of the rule.
    We did not make any changes to the rule, including to our 
discussion of the Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis and the 
Secretary's certification that this rule will not have a significant 
impact on a substantial number of small entities, as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (29): A few comments maintained that we need to account for 
the ongoing impacts to habitat and wildlife from border operations and 
border wall construction in assessing the hunting and fishing 
opportunities at our refuges on the border with Mexico (i.e., Lower Rio 
Grande Valley, Laguna Atascosa, and Cabeza Prieta NWRs). These 
commenters argue that the combined impacts of border operations and 
increased hunting and fishing pose too much of a risk to habitats and 
to certain species, particularly endangered and threatened species.
    Our Response: The Service disagrees with commenters that opening 
these areas to hunting would have more than minor cumulative impacts on 
habitat and species. In general, the potential impacts of providing 
additional hunting opportunities, which are minimal and temporary in 
nature, are negligible to minor for both habitats and species. The 
refuge-specific documents at Cabeza Prieta, Buenos Aires, and Lower Rio 
Grande Valley NWRs have been updated to further clarify the anticipated 
impacts and how they have been minimized. Specifically at Lower Rio 
Grande Valley NWR, hunt tracts, with the exception of La Casita East, 
are removed by several miles (25-30 miles) from the border. Therefore, 
since the effects of hunting and border wall activities are, for the 
most part, separated by substantial distances, the refuge does not 
anticipate that hunting activities (including through vehicle traffic 
or foot traffic) would contribute to any cumulative impacts to species 
from border activities and development occurring along or within the 
Rio Grande tracts of the refuge. At Cabeza Prieta NWR, hunter use days 
would predominantly occur from October through February when wildlife, 
including Sonoran pronghorn, are less likely to be stressed by 
environmental conditions. Cabeza Prieta NWR does not allow hunters 
access via motorized transport or mechanized equipment within 
designated wilderness or on any administrative roads or trails within 
designated wilderness. Additionally, the terrain at Cabeza Prieta NWR 
is very rough and mountainous, with hot Sonoran desert conditions. 
Therefore, most hunting will likely occur within 5 miles of the public 
roads that run through non-wilderness corridors. Additionally, there 
are a number of mitigation measures put in place to reduce adverse 
effects on pronghorn, which include restricting dove hunting to late 
season only, enforced speed limits, and no hunting zones around captive 
breeding facilities. Even though these activities are occurring in the 
same area, we expect a very limited number of hunters. This means that 
the minimal human activity associated with hunting is not likely to 
significantly add to disturbance of pronghorn, even when considered in 
the context of border-related activities. The vast size of the refuge 
(860,000 acres) also weighs in favor of our assessment that any impacts 
of these potentially overlapping human activities would be negligible. 
Finally, these refuges use an adaptive management approach, as do all 
of our stations, and will make all necessary adjustments to their hunt 
programs should they determine that hunting activities are adversely 
impacting a listed species.
    Comment (30): A significant number of comments advocated for 
openings and expansions of additional waterfowl hunting opportunities. 
Most of these specifically requested opportunities in the State of 
California and the Southeastern United States.
    Our Response: We appreciate the support for and interest in 
waterfowl hunting in California and in the Southeast. We are committed 
to evaluating additional waterfowl hunting opportunities on refuges 
wherever it is compatible with refuge purposes, sanctuary requirements, 
local conditions, and other objectives and obligations of the Refuge 
System. These requests for additional openings and expansions will have 
to be a consideration for future rulemakings, as they have not yet been 
evaluated and thus cannot be accommodated between a proposed and final 
rule. Nevertheless, given the degree of public interest, it is 
appropriate to note some considerations specific to waterfowl hunting 
in California and the southeastern United States.
    In California, for a variety of reasons, our ability to further 
expand some of the highlighted opportunities at our NWRs is limited. 
These reasons include, but are not limited to, limited access, 
unreliable water supplies, and recovery of endangered species. Also, 
despite the high demand during opening weekend, we have many waterfowl 
hunt opportunities throughout the season in California that are 
undersubscribed. In the Southeast, many NWRs face limits in opening and 
expanding beyond current opportunities as many are closed or partially 
closed to migratory bird hunting in order to meet inviolate sanctuary 
requirements or because of a specific establishing purpose inconsistent 
with waterfowl hunting. Yet, there are many more refuges in the region 
that are accessible and open to waterfowl hunting, with regulations 
that are aligned or closely aligned to State regulations.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.

Alaska

    Comment (31): We received multiple comments that we failed to 
provide credible scientific evidence that camelids present a disease 
threat to wildlife in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR).
    Our Response: We disagree with these comments. The Service must 
make decisions on what uses to allow on a refuge consistent with 
principles of sound fish and wildlife management and administration, 
available science and resources, and adherence to the requirements of 
ANILCA, the Administration Act, and other applicable laws.
    While few peer-reviewed studies have directly investigated the 
transmission of pathogens from camelids to wild sheep, there have been 
assessments that advise caution. Schwantje and Stephen (2003) stated 
that llamas commonly carry pathogens that can cause disease in wild 
ungulates (H. Schwantje and C. Stephen. 2003. Communicable disease 
risks to wildlife from camelids in British Columbia. British Columbia 
Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection Biodiversity Branch, 
Victoria, BC). They expressed particular concern for fecal-borne 
disease, such as Johne's disease and Pasteurella spp. Johne's disease 
is fatal, is easily transmitted among ruminants, is long-lived in the 
environment, and has no known treatment. In another risk assessment by 
the Centre for Coastal Health (2017), seven common camelid pathogens 
were identified that could potentially present significant risks to 
wild sheep populations: Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella spp., 
contagious ecthyma, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mycobacterium avium 
paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), bluetongue virus, and Mycobacterium 
bovis. They concluded that Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella spp., 
contagious ecthyma,

[[Page 54089]]

and Johne's disease were of particular concern. Both studies expressed 
concern regarding disease transmission from contact between camelids 
and wild sheep and their habitat (Centre for Coastal Health. 2017. Risk 
assessment on the use of South American camelids for back country 
trekking in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, 
Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development Division of 
Wildlife conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game). These 
assessments informed the Service's decision to prohibit camelids on 
Arctic NWR.
    Limited clinical/pen testing studies have been conducted that co-
mingle various domestic (including llamas) and wild animals in an 
effort to detect disease transmission (Foreyt, W. J. 1994. Effects of 
controlled contact exposure between healthy bighorn sheep and llamas, 
domestic goats, mountain goats, cattle, domestic sheep, or mouflon 
sheep. Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council Proceedings 9: 7-14.). 
While this limited study suggests that llamas do not likely pose as 
serious of a threat to wild sheep as do domestic sheep, it fails to 
provide compelling evidence that llamas do not pose any risk of 
pathogen transmission to wild sheep. There were several limitations of 
the study: (1) It was a symposium presentation, not a peer-reviewed 
paper; (2) it limited investigation to the transmission of Pasteurella 
haemolytica and did not investigate other pathogens of concern; (3) it 
is unclear the total numbers of animals that were involved in the 
study; and (4) it is unclear if the llamas housed with the sheep were 
in fact infected with Pasteurella haemolytica.
    We did not make any changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments.
    Comment (32): We received several comments questioning the 
Service's risk tolerance and precautionary approach to prohibiting 
camelids on the Arctic NWR.
    Our Response: As discussed above, the Service must make decisions 
on what uses to allow on a refuge consistent with principles of sound 
fish and wildlife management and administration, available science and 
resources, and adherence to the requirements of ANILCA, the 
Administration Act, and other applicable laws.
    Vast, natural, and wild, Arctic NWR serves a distinctive function 
in the National Wildlife Refuge System. As a completely intact 
ecosystem, Arctic NWR offers the opportunity to preserve a range of 
tangible and intangible values in addition to the traditional fish, 
wildlife, and habitat values and focal species conservation found on 
most refuges. One of the core purposes of the Arctic NWR, as directed 
by ANILCA's section 303(2)(B)(i), is to conserve fish and wildlife 
populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not 
limited to, Dall's sheep.
    With that mandate in mind, Arctic NWR sought further professional 
guidance, including from the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife 
Agencies (WAFWA) Wild Sheep Working Group's ``Recommendations for 
Domestic Sheep and Goat Management in Wild Sheep Habitat.'' Those 
recommendations state: ``We recommend that wild sheep managers design 
and implement management strategies by taking the first step of 
assessing and prioritizing conservation value and relative importance 
of wild sheep populations. The greater the conservation value and the 
greater the risk of association with domestic sheep or goats, the more 
aggressive and comprehensive a strategy to ensure effective separation 
should be.'' The Arctic NWR places the highest importance and 
conservation value on the area's wildlife, including Dall's sheep. 
Therefore, a most aggressive and comprehensive ``effective separation'' 
strategy is warranted. Furthermore, the WAFWA document provides an 
additional recommendation relating to disease transmission risk 
mitigation: ``It is generally acknowledged that thinhorn sheep (Ovis 
dalli spp.) in Alaska and northwestern Canada are likely na[iuml]ve to 
exposure to many organisms commonly carried by domestic species, 
compared to wild sheep occurring in southern Canada and the continental 
[United States]. Until this is confirmed and the effects of exposure to 
infectious organisms are clearly understood, it is essential that no 
association occurs between thinhorn sheep and domestic sheep or goats'' 
(Garde, E., S. Kutz, H. Schwantje, A. Veitch, E. Jenkins, and B. Elkin. 
2005. Examining the risk of disease transmission between wild Dall's 
sheep and mountain goats and introduced domestic sheep, goats and 
llamas in the Northwest Territories. Northwest Territories Agricultural 
and Policy Framework and Environment and Natural Resources Government 
of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Canada; CAST (Council for 
Agricultural Science and Technology). 2008. Pasteurellosis transmission 
risks between domestic and wild sheep. CAST Commentary QTA 2008-1. 
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa). In light 
of this acknowledged potential for exposure, the Service finds that 
precluding any association between Dall's sheep and domestic sheep or 
goats within the Arctic NWR is warranted at this time.
    The Service also included camelid species in this rule because they 
too have been documented as carriers of pathogens that could 
potentially harm Dall's sheep. Preventing the introduction (e.g., 
pathway management) of invasive species and pathogens is the first line 
and most cost-effective defense against biological invasion. The cost 
of managing pathogen(s) that may be transmitted by domestic sheep, 
goats, and camelids through other means (i.e., eradicating or 
controlling) is exponentially higher. Additionally, there is 
uncertainty that the recovery of these populations would be achievable 
if the Dall's sheep populations were to be infected with any of these 
pathogens. Response and recovery efforts would be made even more 
difficult considering the Arctic NWR's vast size and remoteness, and 
the overall difficulty of accessing the sheep and their habitats. Much 
of the sheep habitat is in designated Wilderness, adding a layer of 
administrative complexity to any kind of management response to a 
disease outbreak. To conserve the natural diversity of the Arctic NWR 
and integrity of Dall's sheep populations in the Arctic NWR, the best 
course of action is to prevent the introduction of pathogens until 
there is more information available on how or if pathogens can be 
effectively managed through other mitigation strategies.
    A study that helps illustrate the value of prevention (Cassirer et 
al. 2018. Pneumonia in bighorn sheep: Risk and resilience. The Journal 
of Wildlife Management, 82(1): 32-45) found that no vaccine or 
antibiotic treatment has controlled infection in domestic or wild 
sheep, and management actions to mitigate morbidity and mortality in 
wild sheep populations once exposed have been unsuccessful. This is 
true for populations in the lower 48 States where access and associated 
logistics for such efforts are relatively feasible. Sheep populations 
in the Brooks Range are considerably more challenging to access and 
attempt to treat for disease, supporting the decision that prevention 
is the best course of action.
    Comment (33): We received a comment noting that llamas and horses 
are both widely separated from wild sheep taxonomically and that 
consequently these species enjoy strong species barriers against 
disease transmission that the Service failed to recognize by ``mis-
categorizing camelids

[[Page 54090]]

with domestic sheep and goats as a common disease risk.'' The commenter 
stated that domestic sheep and goats (bovids) are not widely separated 
from wild sheep (also bovids) taxonomically, and consequently they do 
not enjoy the same species barriers against disease transmission to 
wild sheep that horses and llamas do.
    Our Response: We agree with the commenter that llamas and horses 
are separated from wild sheep taxonomically. The inclusion of camelid 
species with domestic sheep and goat species in this rule is not due to 
taxonomic association. Camelids are included because, similar to 
domestic sheep and goats, they can harbor the pathogens that are of 
high risk for enzootic disease outbreak in native wildlife populations. 
These diseases include Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella spp., 
contagious ecthyma, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and 
Mycobacterium bovis. Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella spp., 
contagious ecthyma, and Johne's disease are of particular concern for 
native ungulate species in Alaska.
    Comment (34): We received several comments expressing concern that 
camelids were being treated differently than other pack animals. 
Several commenters stated that if camelids are identified as an 
``unreasonable risk'' by the Service, the Service should also consider 
the unreasonable disease risk posed by humans and other pack animals.
    Our Response: As discussed above, there is potentially great risk 
to Dall's sheep from sheep, goats, and camelids due to the suite of 
pathogens they can carry. Similar risks do not exist with respect to 
other common pack animals, such as horses and mules, or humans. 
Therefore, we did not make any changes to the rule based on these 
comments.
    Comment (35): One commenter noted that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has 
recently been identified in Dall's sheep in the northern Brooks Range 
and, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG), 
evidence suggests they (wild ungulates) may have been carriers all 
along; therefore, there is no need to prohibit llamas on Arctic NWR. 
The commenter also noted that additional evidence from ADFG suggested 
that moose and caribou also carry the pathogen and may be potential 
vectors.
    Our Response: Multiple strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae have 
been identified. The Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae that ADFG documented in 
Dall's sheep is apparently a unique Alaska wildlife-only strain that 
has not been found in any domestic animals, and there is no known cross 
immunity from different strains. Domestic pack animals can transmit 
other strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae or other diseases and 
parasites that are novel to the Arctic NWR populations and pose serious 
risks to these populations. Furthermore, ADFG has not suggested that 
Alaska's moose and caribou carry the pathogen, nor are they considered 
potential vectors to Dall's sheep (Dr. Kimberlee Beckmen, June 9, 2020, 
pers. comm.).
    Several studies highlight the vulnerability of wild sheep to novel 
strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. Cassirer et al. (2017) state that 
transmission of pathogens carried by domestic sheep and goats pose a 
severe threat to bighorn sheep populations (Cassirer, E.F., K.R. 
Manlove, R.K. Plowright, and T.E. Besser. 2017. Evidence for strain-
specific immunity to pneumonia in bighorn sheep. The Journal of 
Wildlife Management, 81(1): 133-143). Large die-offs occur from 
pneumonia caused by exposure to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. This is 
further complicated by the fact that some of the survivors from these 
epidemics are asymptomatic, but can pass this pathogen on to other 
sheep, including new lambs. These lambs usually succumb to pneumonia 
and die. Additionally, they cited a situation in Hells Canyon in which 
a novel Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae strain introduced by domestic goats 
caused high levels of morbidity and mortality among adult sheep in the 
population. In another study, researchers sampled 137 animals in 24 
flocks of domestic sheep and goats for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and 
found that 37.5 percent of the flocks tested positive. Additionally, 
they found that 78 percent of these animals had incidences of escape 
from their pens, thus potentially transmitting this pathogen to wild 
sheep (Heinse, L.M., Hardesty, L.H., and Harris R.B. 2016. Risk of 
pathogen spillover to bighorn sheep from domestic sheep and goat flocks 
on private land. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 40(4): 625-633).
    Kamathet al. (2019) examined the pneumonia-associated bacterium 
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn 
sheep, and mountain goats across the western United States using 
samples collected from 1984 to 2017. They found that there was a much 
higher genetic diversity of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (i.e., many more 
strains) in domestic animals than in wild populations of bighorn sheep 
and mountain goats. They concluded that ``the ability to predict 
[Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae] spillover into wildlife populations may 
remain a challenge given the high strain diversity in domestic sheep 
and need for more comprehensive pathogen surveillance'' (Kamath, P.L., 
K. Manlove, E.F. Cassirer, P.C. Cross, and T.E. Besser. 2019. Genetic 
structure of Mycoplasma ovipnumoniae informs pathogen spillover 
dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United 
States. Scientific Reports, 9:15318).
    Comment (36): Multiple commenters stated that the Service's 
assertion that the proposed regulation is better aligned with ADFG 
regulations and WAFWA recommendations is inaccurate, because neither 
ADFG regulations nor WAFWA recommendations prohibit the use of 
camelids.
    Our Response: The Service agrees with commenters that we were not 
clear in the assertions made regarding alignment with ADFG regulations 
and WAFWA recommendations. The amendment to the Arctic NWR regulations 
does align with ADFG regulations to the extent that it restricts the 
use of domestic sheep and goats when hunting Dall's sheep, mountain 
goats, and musk ox in Alaska. The prohibition on camelids on the Arctic 
NWR is more protective than ADFG's current regulations, which are 
silent on camelid species. While WAFWA recommendations do not 
specifically address camelids, they advise wildlife managers to 
maximize effective separation between wild sheep and potential disease 
vectors. As camelids are potential disease vectors, the Service has 
determined that prohibiting camelids on the Arctic NWR is necessary in 
order to more closely align with WAFWA's recommendations.
    Comment (37): We received a few comments that the proposed 
prohibition would not expand public use opportunities, but instead 
would restrict these activities in remote areas where pack animals 
might be necessary for public access.
    Our Response: The Service finds that the prohibition on certain 
domestic pack animals in the Arctic NWR is an appropriate measure to 
conserve Dall's sheep. Ensuring the health and population of Alaska 
wildlife ensures that wildlife-dependent public use opportunities can 
continue into the future. While the prohibition does restrict rather 
than expand certain public use opportunities, it will help preserve 
wildlife-dependent public uses such as hunting, wildlife observation, 
and wildlife photography (priority public uses defined by the 
Improvement

[[Page 54091]]

Act) by preventing disease transfer to Dall's sheep and other wildlife 
species.
    Comment (38): We received a request to amend our proposal to allow 
the use of camelids for public uses on Arctic NWR a case-by-case basis 
through a refuge permit or, similarly, to allow pack goat use through 
implementation of ``best management practices.''
    Our Response: The Service considered amending the regulations in a 
manner that could allow for future uses of these pack animals through 
an Arctic NWR-administered permit program but decided against doing so. 
As discussed in our response to Comment (32), preventing the 
introduction (e.g., pathway management) of invasive species and 
pathogens is the first line and most cost-effective defense against 
biological invasion. The cost of managing pathogen(s) once transmitted 
to wild sheep by domestic sheep, goats, and camelids (i.e., eradicating 
or controlling) is exponentially higher. Additionally, there is 
uncertainty that if the Dall's sheep populations were to be infected 
with any these pathogens, the recovery of these populations would be 
achievable. To conserve the natural diversity of the Arctic NWR and 
integrity of Dall's sheep populations on the refuge, the best course of 
action is to prevent the introduction of pathogens until there is more 
information available on how (or if) pathogens can be effectively 
managed through other mitigation strategies. As a permitting system 
would not necessarily prevent the introduction of pathogens and would 
do nothing to help control an outbreak or mitigate adverse effects to 
Dall's sheep, the Service chose not to include a permit option in this 
final rule.
    The Service reviewed the North American Packgoat Association 
(NAPgA) ``best management practices'' (BMP) document submitted by the 
commenter and determined that the referenced practices fail to 
adequately address disease risk mitigation of pack goats beyond careful 
owner oversite (identification and control), co-mingling mitigation, 
and lost goat response. Consistent with the reasoning described above, 
the Service chose not to make an exception in this final rule for pack 
goat use that adheres to the NAPgA's BMP document standards.
    Therefore, we did not make any changes to the rule as a result of 
this comment.
    Comment (39): Several commenters expressed concerns that the llama 
packing user group was not informed of or included in the 2011-2015 
public review process for the Arctic NWR's CCP and associated NEPA 
process that ultimately determined that camelid use on the refuge would 
be prohibited.
    Our Response: The public process that resulted in the 2015 Arctic 
NWR CCP and Record of Decision (ROD) involved both a 90-day public 
comment period on the 2011 draft Arctic NWR CCP and associated draft 
environmental impact statement (draft EIS) (see 76 FR 50490; August 15, 
2011) and various public meetings, which the Service informed the 
public of through extensive outreach. In addition to the 90-day public 
comment period on the draft CCP and draft EIS, the Service held two 
open houses, six public hearings, and four community meetings. Through 
the public comment period, the Service received 612,285 public comments 
on the draft CCP/draft EIS, 6 of which requested that the Service 
prohibit certain domestic pack animals due to their potential threat as 
a wildlife disease vector.
    Public comment periods allow agencies to learn more from the 
public, Alaska Native Tribal governments and corporations, and other 
agencies, and to refine their proposals as appropriate. Because of 
this, the agency's final action, which is only made after the 
conclusion of the public comment period, may be different from the 
agency's original proposal. In the case of the Arctic NWR CCP, the 
original proposed action did not contain a prohibition on pack llama 
use on the refuge, but after reviewing the public comments and 
additional scientific literature, and considering the purposes of the 
Arctic NWR, the Service determined that a change to the CCP was 
warranted, and incorporated a proposed prohibition into the final EIS.
    On January 27, 2015, we published a notice of availability (80 FR 
4303) of the revised CCP and final EIS for the Arctic NWR; that notice 
announced a 30-day public review period for those documents, which 
began when the Environmental Protection Agency published its requisite 
notice on February 6, 2015 (80 FR 6705). This review period provided 
the public with an opportunity to understand changes made between the 
draft CCP/draft EIS and the revised CCP/final EIS, to read responses to 
public comments on the draft CCP/draft EIS, and to learn about the 
Service's preferred alternative. That revised CCP includes references 
to the additional information that informed the inclusion of camelids. 
This process was consistent with both the Service's planning laws (16 
U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) and policies (602 FW 3), as well as the 
requirements of NEPA (42 U.S.C. 4332).
    Comment (40): We received several comments that the inclusion of a 
proposed closure of a use on Arctic NWR (i.e., the prohibition on 
domestic sheep, goats, and camelids) within the station-specific 
rulemaking does not adhere to rulemaking and closure procedures for 
Alaska refuges as provided by ANILCA.
    Our Response: The Service has done extensive outreach on the 
amendment to the regulations, including, but not limited to, announcing 
the proposed amendment on the Arctic NWR's public website; mailing and 
emailing affected Tribal governments, user groups, wildlife 
organizations, and other partners and stakeholders; informing and 
communicating with both the ADFG and Alaska's congressional 
representatives; publishing the proposed rule in the Federal Register 
(85 FR 20030; April 9, 2020) with a 60-day public comment period; 
holding a virtual public hearing on May 13, 2020 (due to the COVID-19 
pandemic it could not be held safely in person); publishing notice of 
the proposed Arctic NWR regulation and virtual public hearing in both 
regional and local newspapers; posting notice of the proposed Arctic 
NWR regulation at community post offices; and announcing the proposed 
Arctic NWR regulation via two public service announcements run on KUAC 
(Fairbanks). We received numerous comments on the proposed rule, 
including the Arctic NWR regulation, and offer our responses to those 
comments in this rule. Therefore, we have fully satisfied the 
requirements for notice-and-comment rulemaking under the Administrative 
Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.).
    The commenters state that the prohibition of certain domestic pack 
animals in the Arctic NWR constitutes a ``closure'' that triggers 
additional notice and public hearing requirements under ANILCA. The 
Service remains in full compliance with ANILCA because we conducted the 
types of public outreach specified at section 1110(a) of ANILCA and the 
associated implementing regulations (i.e., 43 CFR 36.11 and 50 CFR 
36.42). Regardless, the State of Alaska has requested that the 
promulgation of regulations for NWRs in Alaska be conducted under 
separate rulemaking processes, and not be included in the larger annual 
hunting and fishing rulemaking for the Refuge System. They state this 
is preferable because of the unique public input and notice 
requirements mandated by ANILCA and the associated implementing 
regulations. We agree, and we intend to conduct rulemaking

[[Page 54092]]

for NWRs in Alaska separately from the annual station-specific 
regulations in the future.
    Comment (41): We have received comments from the State of Alaska 
and AFWA directing our attention to the recent Sturgeon v. Frost 
decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. 139 S. Ct. 1066 (2019). These 
comments note that the Supreme Court held the National Park Service 
cannot impose regulations on lands it does not own and reaffirmed the 
State of Alaska's right to manage fish, wildlife, and public access 
over non-Federal lands, including submerged lands.
    Our Response: We agree with the ADFG and AFWA that the State of 
Alaska has the right to manage fish, wildlife, and public access over 
non-Federal lands, including submerged lands owned by the State of 
Alaska. We value the partnership with the State of Alaska for managing 
the wildlife, lands, and waters within Alaska NWRs for the benefit of 
the American public. The Alaska regulation in this rule applies to 
federally owned lands in the Arctic NWR and does not impose 
restrictions on non-Federal lands, including State of Alaska-owned 
submerged lands and is, therefore, consistent with the Sturgeon v. 
Frost decision.

Changes From Proposed Rule

    Based on consultation with States and other partners, comments we 
received on the proposed rule, and comments we received on NEPA 
documents for individual refuges and hatcheries, we made a number of 
changes between the proposed rule and this final rule, some of which 
have been discussed above under Summary of Comments and Responses.
    For one, we have added regulatory text to open hunts for species 
that we reason should have been included alongside other new hunts at 
the same refuge. Regulatory language allowing hunting for bear at Oxbow 
NWR, quail at Valentine NWR, pronghorn antelope at Fort Niobrara NWR, 
and for dove and quail at Tallahatchie River are included in this final 
rule. We also corrected Table 1 below to reflect an expansion of elk 
hunting at Monte Vista NWR, which does not require a change to the 
regulatory text because we are only expanding an existing hunt to new 
acres. We have conducted the same NEPA processes for these species as 
all of the other species in this rule, and they have been subject to 
public review and comment through that process. In the case of bear at 
Oxbow NWR, opening hunting of this species in this rule will maintain 
consistency, as bear hunting is opened at three refuges (Great Meadows 
NWR, Assabet River NWR, and Oxbow NWR) in close proximity to each other 
in the Eastern Massachusetts National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The 
refuge did receive NEPA process public comments in support of and in 
opposition to the opening of bear hunting at each of these three 
refuges in the complex, including Oxbow. None of these comments raised 
concerns particular to Oxbow; they were relevant to all three refuges.
    Conversely, we are not adopting 23 proposed hunting opportunities 
for particular species at four refuges in this final rule. At Cabeza 
Prieta NWR, as summarized in response to Comment (5) above, we are not 
adopting the proposed hunting of ringtail cat, badger, and skunk due to 
cultural concerns in consultation with the Tohono O'odham Nation of 
Arizona. At Bosque del Apache NWR, as summarized in response to Comment 
(19) above, we are not adopting the proposed hunting of dark goose, 
American coot, common moorhen, common snipe, duck, and merganser in 
response to public comments and in order to ensure no negative impacts 
to public safety or to important habitat. At Alamosa and Monte Vista 
NWRs, as mentioned in response to Comment (12) above, we are not 
adopting proposed expansions onto new acres for the hunting of the same 
seven species (rabbit, duck, dark geese, light geese, coot, dove, and 
snipe) at both refuges because the categorical exclusions for these 
expansions may require further consideration.
    Also, as mentioned in response to comments above, we are adding a 
special permit requirement for the take of furbearers at Quivira NWR. 
Requiring this Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (KDWPT) 
permit will further alignment of our regulations with the State of 
Kansas and is consistent with the refuge CCP.
    Another change made, again as mentioned in response to comments 
above, is that we added regulatory language for Coldwater River, Patoka 
River, Ottawa, and Horicon refuges that results in this final rule 
having four more regulatory provisions limiting the use of lead shot 
than were in the proposed rule. These changes were not directly in 
response to public comments received that expressed concern about lead 
ammunition, but they do reduce the number of openings and expansions 
under this rule for which hunters may use lead ammunition.
    We made multiple regulatory changes that affect the hours and 
seasons for hunts or for related activities such as constructing stands 
and blinds. These changes were each made to better align with State 
regulations, to promote intrastate alignment of station-specific 
regulations, or in response to comments. For example, as discussed 
above, the hours of the day open to weekend alligator hunting at Banks 
Lake NWR were adjusted based on a comment from the Georgia Department 
of Natural Resources to align with Georgia's alligator daily hunting 
hours. Another example is that, after extensive public response to 
proposed big game hunting at Sachuest Point NWR, we added a provision 
explicitly stating these hunts will be periodic rather than annual and 
will be strictly limited to a small number of hunters.
    Similarly, we added regulations that limit the method or manner of 
take as a response to public comments or for clarification of refuge 
policy. This includes making the mentored deer hunting at Sachuest 
Point NWR archery only, limiting the number of individuals that can 
participate in muzzleloader deer hunting at Fort Niobrara NWR by 
instituting a limited permit lottery, prohibiting handgun and rifle 
hunting of upland and big game at Assabet and Oxbow refuges, allowing 
only shotgun when hunting migratory birds at Turnbull NWR, and revising 
the proposed feral hog hunt at Bosque del Apache NWR into incidental 
take of feral hog during other big game seasons. Note also that we made 
several changes that clarified the use of dogs. In some cases this was 
in response to public comments, while in others it was to promote 
intrastate alignment of station-specific regulations. For example, in 
response to public comments, for LaCreek NWR, the rule now clarifies 
that the current use of dogs when hunting is expanded to newly opened 
areas and that the use of dogs while predator hunting is prohibited; 
whereas changes clarifying that dogs can only be used in the context of 
bird hunting were made for Buenos Aires, Fallon, and Stillwater 
refuges.
    At LaCreek and Laguna Atascosa refuges, specifically, we added 
regulations concerning field dressing of certain hunting take as a 
result of public comments and to balance refuge uses.
    Next, we made several changes to regulations that concerned various 
methods of transportation. These changes were made either in 
consultation with and to further align with States or in response to 
public comments. These changes include not adopting the proposed use of 
bicycles at Bosque del Apache NWR, clarifying motorized vessel and 
airboat regulations at Loxahatchee NWR, and allowing boat use for 
access purposes at LaCreek NWR.

[[Page 54093]]

    At Montezuma and North Platte refuges, we clarified regulations for 
youth and special hunts.
    Additionally, as referenced in response to Comment (18), above, we 
made numerous changes throughout the rule, in addition to regulatory 
revisions already proposed, to ensure the specific required forms, 
which display a valid OMB control number, are indicated whenever our 
regulations mention the need for one of our Federal permits. This 
reflects a nationwide effort to be clear in our regulations regarding 
which Federal permit form is being referenced in a given regulation to 
promote public understanding and compliance.
    Finally, we also made various nonsubstantive, editorial corrections 
and clarifying revisions throughout the rule. These changes ensure 
clarity and accuracy for the benefit of the public in relying on the 
regulatory text and the benefit of the stations in administering the 
regulations.

Effective Date

    We are making this rule effective upon publication (see DATES, 
above). We provided a 60-day public comment period for the April 9, 
2020, proposed rule (85 FR 20030). We have determined that any further 
delay in implementing these station-specific hunting and sport fishing 
regulations would not be in the public interest, in that a delay would 
hinder the effective planning and administration of refuges' and 
hatcheries' hunting and sport fishing programs. This rule does not 
impact the public generally in terms of requiring lead time for 
compliance. Rather, it primarily relieves restrictions in that it 
allows activities on refuges and hatcheries that we would otherwise 
prohibit. Therefore, we find good cause under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) to 
make this rule effective upon publication.

Amendments to Existing Regulations

Updates to Hunting and Fishing Opportunities on NWRs and NFHs

    This document codifies in the Code of Federal Regulations all of 
the Service's hunting and/or sport fishing regulations that are updated 
since the last time we published a rule amending these regulations (84 
FR 47640; September 10, 2019) and that are applicable at Refuge System 
and Hatchery System units previously opened to hunting and/or sport 
fishing. We do this to better inform the general public of the 
regulations at each station, to increase understanding and compliance 
with these regulations, and to make enforcement of these regulations 
more efficient. In addition to now finding these regulations in 50 CFR 
parts 32 and 71, visitors to our refuges and hatcheries may find them 
reiterated in literature distributed by each station or posted on 
signs.

                                               Table 1--Changes for 2020-2021 Hunting/Sport Fishing Season
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Migratory bird
              Station                       State                 hunting          Upland game hunting     Big game hunting          Sport fishing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abernathy Fish Technology Center..  Washington...........  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
Alamosa...........................  Colorado.............  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  Already Open........  B.
Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee....  Florida..............  D....................  Closed...............  C...................  D.
Assabet River.....................  Massachusetts........  C....................  C....................  C/D.................  Already Open.
Balcones Canyonlands..............  Texas................  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  D...................  Closed.
Bamforth..........................  Wyoming..............  Closed...............  A....................  A...................  Closed.
Banks Lake........................  Georgia..............  Closed...............  Closed...............  B...................  Already Open.
Berkshire NFH.....................  Massachusetts........  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
Big Branch Marsh..................  Louisiana............  E....................  C/E..................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Bitter Lake.......................  New Mexico...........  E....................  Already Open.........  D...................  Closed.
Black Bayou Lake..................  Louisiana............  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  E...................  Already Open.
Blackwater........................  Maryland.............  D....................  Closed...............  D...................  Already Open.
Block Island......................  Rhode Island.........  B....................  Closed...............  D...................  Already Open.
Bogue Chitto......................  Louisiana and          E....................  E....................  E...................  Already Open.
                                     Mississippi.
Bombay Hook.......................  Delaware.............  C/D..................  C/D..................  D...................  B.
Bosque del Apache.................  New Mexico...........  C/D..................  C/D..................  C/D/E...............  Already Open.
Browns Park.......................  Colorado.............  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  C...................  Already Open.
Buenos Aires......................  Arizona..............  C....................  C....................  C...................  Closed.
Buffalo Lake......................  Texas................  B....................  C/D..................  Already Open........  Closed.
Cabeza Prieta.....................  Arizona..............  B....................  B....................  C...................  Closed.
Canaan Valley.....................  West Virginia........  D....................  D....................  D...................  B.
Carolina Sandhills................  South Carolina.......  Already Open.........  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Catahoula.........................  Louisiana............  C....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  Already Open.
Cedar Island......................  North Carolina.......  E....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Closed.
Cibola............................  Arizona and            D....................  C/D..................  D...................  Already Open.
                                     California.
Clarks River......................  Kentucky.............  Already Open.........  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Cokeville Meadows.................  Wyoming..............  C....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  B.
Coldwater River...................  Mississippi..........  C....................  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Crab Orchard......................  Illinois.............  D/E..................  Already Open.........  D/E.................  Already Open.
Crescent Lake.....................  Nebraska.............  C/D..................  D....................  C...................  E.
Dahomey...........................  Mississippi..........  C....................  C....................  E...................  Already Open.
Deer Flat.........................  Idaho and Oregon.....  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  Already Open........  D.
Dwight D. Eisenhower NFH..........  Vermont..............  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
Edwin B. Forsythe.................  New Jersey...........  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  Already Open........  D.
Eufaula...........................  Georgia and Alabama..  E....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  Already Open.
Everglades Headwaters.............  Florida..............  A....................  A....................  A...................  A.
Fallon............................  Nevada...............  A....................  A....................  A...................  Closed.
Fish Springs......................  Utah.................  C....................  B....................  B...................  Closed.
Flint Hills.......................  Kansas...............  Already Open.........  C....................  E...................  Already Open.
Fort Niobrara.....................  Nebraska.............  B....................  B....................  C/E.................  Already Open.

[[Page 54094]]

 
Great Meadows.....................  Massachusetts........  D....................  B....................  C/D.................  Already Open.
Great River.......................  Illinois and Missouri  C....................  Already Open.........  E...................  Already Open.
Hart Mountain.....................  Oregon...............  B....................  C/D..................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Horicon...........................  Wisconsin............  C....................  C....................  C...................  Already Open.
Hutton Lake.......................  Wyoming..............  Already Open.........  B....................  B...................  Closed.
Iroquois..........................  New York.............  D/E..................  E....................  E...................  Already Open.
John W. and Louise Seier..........  Nebraska.............  A....................  A....................  A...................  Closed.
John H. Chafee....................  Rhode Island.........  A....................  A....................  A...................  A.
Jordan River NFH..................  Michigan.............  A....................  A....................  A...................  Closed.
Kirwin............................  Kansas...............  C....................  C/E..................  D...................  E.
Kootenai..........................  Idaho................  C....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  D.
LaCreek...........................  South Dakota.........  D....................  C/D..................  C/D.................  Already Open.
Laguna Atascosa...................  Texas................  Closed...............  Closed...............  C...................  Already Open.
Lamar NFH.........................  Pennsylvania.........  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
Leavenworth NFH...................  Washington...........  B....................  B....................  B...................  Already Open.
Lee Metcalf.......................  Montana..............  Already Open.........  B....................  D...................  D.
Leslie Canyon.....................  Arizona..............  A....................  A....................  A...................  Closed.
Little White Salmon NFH...........  Washington...........  B....................  B....................  B...................  Already Open.
Lower Rio Grande Valley...........  Texas................  D/E..................  B....................  C/D/E...............  Closed.
Marais des Cygnes.................  Kansas...............  C/E..................  C/E..................  E...................  Already Open.
Mattamuskeet......................  North Carolina.......  E....................  Closed...............  Already Open........  Already Open.
Merced............................  California...........  C....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Closed.
Middle Mississippi River..........  Illinois and Missouri  C....................  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Minidoka..........................  Idaho................  C/D..................  C/D..................  C/D/E...............  Already Open.
Monte Vista.......................  Colorado.............  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  D...................  Closed.
Montezuma.........................  New York.............  C....................  B....................  E...................  D.
Muscatatuck.......................  Indiana..............  B....................  C....................  E...................  Already Open.
Nestucca Bay......................  Oregon...............  C....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Already Open.
Ninigret..........................  Rhode Island.........  Closed...............  B....................  C/E.................  Already Open.
Northern Tallgrass Prairie........  Minnesota............  D....................  D....................  D...................  D.
North Platte......................  Nebraska.............  Closed...............  C/E..................  D/E.................  Already Open.
Ottawa............................  Ohio.................  D....................  D....................  D...................  Already Open.
Overflow..........................  Arkansas.............  C....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  Closed.
Oxbow.............................  Massachusetts........  D....................  C/D/E................  C/D/E...............  Already Open.
Pahranagat........................  Nevada...............  Already Open.........  D....................  Closed..............  Already Open.
Pathfinder........................  Wyoming..............  C....................  Already Open.........  Already Open........  Closed.
Patoka River......................  Indiana..............  C/D..................  C/D..................  D...................  D.
Quivira...........................  Kansas...............  C....................  C....................  B...................  Already Open.
Rachel Carson.....................  Maine................  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  Already Open........  D.
Rydell............................  Minnesota............  B....................  B....................  E...................  Already Open.
Sachuest Point....................  Rhode Island.........  Closed...............  B....................  B...................  Already Open.
San Diego Bay.....................  California...........  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
San Luis..........................  California...........  Already Open.........  D....................  Closed..............  Already Open.
Savannah..........................  South Carolina and     Already Open.........  C....................  C...................  Already Open.
                                     Georgia.
Seatuck...........................  New York.............  Closed...............  Closed...............  B...................  Already Open.
Spring Creek NFH..................  Washington...........  B....................  B....................  B...................  Already Open.
Stewart B. McKinney...............  Connecticut..........  D/E..................  Closed...............  B...................  Closed.
Stillwater........................  Nevada...............  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  C...................  Closed.
St. Marks.........................  Florida..............  Already Open.........  D/E..................  D/E.................  Already Open.
St. Vincent.......................  Florida..............  Closed...............  E....................  E...................  Already Open.
Swan River........................  Montana..............  Already Open.........  Closed...............  C...................  Already Open.
Swanquarter.......................  North Carolina.......  E....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Closed.
Tallahatchie......................  Mississippi..........  C....................  C....................  E...................  Already Open.
Tennessee.........................  Tennessee............  C/D..................  C/E..................  E...................  Already Open.
Tensas River......................  Louisiana............  Already Open.........  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Tishomingo........................  Oklahoma.............  Already Open.........  Closed...............  Already Open........  E.
Trustom Pond......................  Rhode Island.........  C....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Already Open.
Turnbull..........................  Washington...........  E....................  Closed...............  Already Open........  Closed.
Two Rivers........................  Illinois and Missouri  D....................  D....................  D...................  Already Open.
Umbagog...........................  New Hampshire and      Already Open.........  Already Open.........  Already Open........  B.
                                     Maine.
Union Slough......................  Iowa.................  C....................  C....................  Already Open........  Already Open.
Valentine.........................  Nebraska.............  C/D..................  C....................  C...................  Already Open.
Wapato Lake.......................  Oregon...............  A....................  Closed...............  Closed..............  Closed.
Wertheim..........................  New York.............  Closed...............  Closed...............  C/E.................  Already Open.
Willapa...........................  Washington...........  Already Open.........  Already Open.........  D...................  Already Open.
Willard NFH.......................  Washington...........  Closed...............  Closed...............  Closed..............  A.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key:
A = New station opened (Opening).
B = New activity on a station previously open to other activities (Opening).
C = Station already open to activity but added new species to hunt (Opening).

[[Page 54095]]

 
D = Station already open to activity, but added new lands/waters or modified areas open to hunting or fishing (Expansion).
E = Station already open to activity, but existing opportunity expanded through season dates, method of take, bag limits, quota permits, youth hunt,
  etc. (Expansion).

    The changes for the 2020-2021 hunting/fishing season noted in the 
table above are each based on a complete administrative record which, 
among other detailed documentation, also includes a hunt plan, a 
compatibility determination (for refuges), and the appropriate National 
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) analysis, all 
of which were the subject of a public review and comment process. These 
documents are available here: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/hunting/rules-regulations-and-improved-access/.
    Through these openings and expansions, we are opening or expanding 
hunting or sport fishing on 2,264,796 acres of NWRs and, as discussed 
below, opening 47,419 acres on limited-interest easement NWRs. We are 
also opening hunting or sport fishing on 1,484 acres of the National 
Fish Hatchery System. These totals combine for an overall total of 
2,313,699 acres opened or expanded to hunting or sport fishing by this 
rule.

Limited-Interest Openings in North Dakota

    We are also opening limited-interest NWRs (easement refuges) to 
hunting and fishing in accordance with State regulations and with 
access controlled by the current landowners. These easement refuges in 
North Dakota are a unique mix of government-owned and private property 
that were established during the 1930s in response to drought and 
economic depression in North Dakota. The Easement Refuge Program began 
in 1935, and executed agreements that granted the Federal Government 
migratory bird and flowage easements, many of them perpetual, for the 
purposes of water conservation, drought relief, and migratory bird and 
wildlife conservation. The overarching purpose of the program is 
management of migratory birds, with these easements serving as breeding 
grounds for many migratory waterfowl. The easements thus established 
were later formally designated NWRs and became the 41 easement refuges 
that the Service now administers (and which the Service retains the 
right to close to hunting/fishing, and later open, for wildlife, 
safety, or other reasons).
    We are opening all 41 of these easement refuges to upland game and 
big game hunting, with migratory bird hunting prohibited due to the 
migratory bird management purpose of these refuges. This rule also 
opens 38 of the easement refuges to sport fishing, as the remaining 3 
are already open to sport fishing. This opens a total of 47,419 acres 
to hunting and fishing, subject to the permission of current 
landowners.

Other Updates to the Regulations for NWRs

    We are making one change to 50 CFR part 36, the regulations 
concerning Alaska NWRs. Specifically, we are prohibiting domestic 
sheep, goats, and camelids on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The 
purpose of this prohibition is to prevent the spread of diseases and 
parasites to native wildlife populations, including mountain goats, 
musk oxen, and especially Dall's sheep. Dall's sheep in Alaska, 
including on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, are free of domestic 
livestock diseases and are believed to have very low immunity to many 
of these diseases. Domestic sheep, goats, and camelids (e.g., llamas 
and alpacas) are recognized as being at high risk for carrying disease 
organisms, often asymptomatically, that are highly contagious and cause 
severe illness or death in Dall's sheep.

Fish Advisory

    For health reasons, anglers should review and follow State-issued 
consumption advisories before enjoying recreational sport fishing 
opportunities on Service-managed waters. You can find information about 
current fish-consumption advisories on the internet at: https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech.

Required Determinations

Regulatory Planning and Review (Executive Orders 12866 and 13563)

    Executive Order 12866 provides that the Office of Information and 
Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) will review all significant rules. OIRA has 
determined that this rulemaking is not significant.
    Executive Order (E.O.) 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866 
while calling for improvements in the nation's regulatory system to 
promote predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, 
most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory 
ends. The executive order directs agencies to consider regulatory 
approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of 
choice for the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, 
and consistent with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes 
further that regulations must be based on the best available science 
and that the rulemaking process must allow for public participation and 
an open exchange of ideas. We have developed this rule in a manner 
consistent with these requirements.

Executive Order 13771--Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory 
Costs

    This final rule is not an Executive Order (E.O.) 13771 (82 FR 9339, 
February 3, 2017) regulatory action because this rule is not 
significant under E.O. 12866.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (as amended by the Small 
Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act [SBREFA] of 1996) (5 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.), whenever a Federal agency is required to publish a 
notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare 
and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis 
that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small 
businesses, small organizations, and small government jurisdictions). 
However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of 
an agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Thus, for a 
regulatory flexibility analysis to be required, impacts must exceed a 
threshold for ``significant impact'' and a threshold for a 
``substantial number of small entities.'' See 5 U.S.C. 605(b). SBREFA 
amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to 
provide a statement of the factual basis for certifying that a rule 
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities.
    As a preface to this analysis, we note that this rule opens 41 
easement refuges to hunting and/or sport fishing, but because these 
openings are subject to individual landowner permission, we are not 
including them in the calculation of the rule's estimated economic 
impact. We anticipate negligible economic impact due to limited demand 
from hunters and anglers in the area. In our EAs analyzing these 
openings, we provided an estimate for biological evaluation purposes of 
the hunting and fishing use days for all 41 easement refuges 
cumulatively. We have not converted those estimates of potential use 
days into dollar figures for

[[Page 54096]]

this rule because it is difficult to predict whether private landowners 
will grant access and because it may not be justifiable to use the same 
impact calculation methods to these lands with uncertain, privately 
controlled access as we do for the other lands in this rule with public 
access.
    This final rule opens or expands hunting and sport fishing on 97 
NWRs and 9 NFHs. As a result, visitor use for wildlife-dependent 
recreation on these stations will change. If the stations establishing 
new programs were a pure addition to the current supply of those 
activities, it would mean an estimated maximum increase of 25,702 user 
days (one person per day participating in a recreational opportunity; 
see Table 2). Because the participation trend is flat in these 
activities since 1991, this increase in supply will most likely be 
offset by other sites losing participants. Therefore, this is likely to 
be a substitute site for the activity and not necessarily an increase 
in participation rates for the activity.

                   Table 2--Estimated Maximum Change in Recreation Opportunities in 2020-2021
                                             [Dollars in thousands]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Additional      Additional      Additional
                             Station                               hunting days    fishing days    expenditures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abernathy Fish Technology Center (FTC)..........................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Alamosa.........................................................  ..............             200            $6.9
Arthur R. Marshall (ARM) Loxahatchee............................              57             242            10.3
Assabet River...................................................             195  ..............             6.5
Balcones Canyonlands............................................              30  ..............             1.0
Bamforth........................................................              25  ..............             0.8
Banks Lake......................................................               6  ..............             0.2
Berkshire NFH...................................................  ..............             365            12.6
Big Branch Marsh................................................              38  ..............             1.3
Bitter Lake.....................................................              16  ..............             0.5
Black Bayou Lake................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Blackwater......................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Block Island....................................................              67  ..............             2.2
Bogue Chitto....................................................              75  ..............             2.5
Bombay Hook.....................................................              50             365            14.3
Bosque del Apache...............................................           1,472  ..............            49.0
Browns Park.....................................................              40  ..............             1.3
Buenos Aires....................................................             100  ..............             3.3
Buffalo Lake....................................................              12  ..............             0.4
Cabeza Prieta...................................................           1,505  ..............            50.1
Canaan Valley...................................................  ..............             365            12.6
Carolina Sandhills..............................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Catahoula.......................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Cedar Island....................................................             150  ..............             5.0
Cibola..........................................................             800  ..............            26.6
Clarks River....................................................             760  ..............            25.3
Cokeville Meadows...............................................               5              30             1.2
Coldwater River.................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Crab Orchard....................................................              21  ..............             0.7
Crescent Lake...................................................             200             600            27.4
Dahomey.........................................................             172  ..............             5.7
Deer Flat.......................................................  ..............             120             4.2
Dwight D. Eisenhower NFH........................................  ..............             365            12.6
Edwin B. Forsythe...............................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Eufaula.........................................................               1  ..............  ..............
Everglades Headwater............................................             140             365            17.3
Fallon..........................................................           3,883  ..............           129.2
Fish Springs....................................................              21  ..............             0.7
Flint Hills.....................................................              50  ..............             1.7
Fort Niobrara...................................................              60  ..............             2.0
Great Meadows...................................................             178  ..............             5.9
Great River.....................................................              55  ..............             1.8
Hart Mountain...................................................             100  ..............             3.3
Horicon.........................................................             110  ..............             3.7
Hutton Lake.....................................................             100  ..............             3.3
Iroquois........................................................             160  ..............             5.3
John W. and Louise Seier........................................             200  ..............             6.7
John H. Chafee..................................................             153             365            17.7
Jordan NFH......................................................              17  ..............             0.6
Kirwin..........................................................             245  ..............             8.2
Kootenai........................................................  ..............              50             1.7
LaCreek.........................................................             275  ..............             9.1
Laguna Atascosa.................................................              75  ..............             2.5
Lamar NFH.......................................................  ..............             365            12.6
Leavenworth NFH.................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Lee Metcalf.....................................................              60  ..............             2.0
Leslie Canyon...................................................             116  ..............             3.9
Little White Salmon NFH.........................................              50  ..............             1.7

[[Page 54097]]

 
Lower Rio Grande Valley.........................................              48  ..............             1.6
Marais des Cygnes...............................................              25  ..............             0.8
Mattamuskeet....................................................              64  ..............             2.1
Merced..........................................................              50  ..............             1.7
Middle Mississippi River........................................              35  ..............             1.2
Minidoka........................................................             100  ..............             3.3
Monte Vista.....................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Montezuma.......................................................             211  ..............             7.0
Muscatatuck.....................................................              53  ..............             1.8
Nestucca Bay....................................................              32  ..............             1.1
Ninigret........................................................              46  ..............             1.5
North Platte....................................................              27  ..............             0.9
Northern Tallgrass Prairie......................................              82               7             3.0
Ottawa..........................................................              20  ..............             0.7
Overflow........................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Oxbow...........................................................             207  ..............             6.9
Pahranagat......................................................              99  ..............             3.3
Pathfinder......................................................              20  ..............             0.7
Patoka River....................................................              89              15             3.5
Quivira.........................................................             425  ..............            14.1
Rachel Carson...................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Rydell..........................................................             110  ..............             3.7
Sachuest Point..................................................              30  ..............             1.0
San Diego Bay...................................................  ..............             365            12.6
San Luis........................................................              50  ..............             1.7
Savannah........................................................           1,245  ..............            41.4
Seatuck.........................................................              90  ..............             3.0
Spring Creek NFH................................................              20  ..............             0.7
St. Marks.......................................................             520  ..............            17.3
St. Vincent.....................................................             300  ..............            10.0
Stewart B. McKinney.............................................             262  ..............             8.7
Stillwater......................................................              63  ..............             2.1
Swan River......................................................              15  ..............             0.5
Swanquarter.....................................................              75  ..............             2.5
Tallahatchie....................................................             172  ..............             5.7
Tennessee.......................................................             265  ..............             8.8
Tensas..........................................................               9  ..............             0.3
Tishomingo......................................................  ..............             525            18.2
Trustom Pond....................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
Turnbull........................................................             120  ..............             4.0
Two Rivers......................................................             162  ..............             5.4
Umbagog.........................................................  ..............             365            12.6
Union Slough....................................................              15  ..............             0.5
Valentine.......................................................             750  ..............            25.0
Wapato Lake.....................................................           2,304  ..............            76.7
Wertheim........................................................              81  ..............             2.7
Willapa.........................................................             492  ..............            16.4
Willard NFH.....................................................  ..............  ..............  ..............
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................          20,628           5,074           862.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To the extent visitors spend time and money in the area of the 
station that they would not have spent there anyway, they contribute 
new income to the regional economy and benefit local businesses. Due to 
the unavailability of site-specific expenditure data, we use the 
national estimates from the 2016 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 
and Wildlife Associated Recreation to identify expenditures for food 
and lodging, transportation, and other incidental expenses. Using the 
average expenditures for these categories with the maximum expected 
additional participation of the Refuge System and the Hatchery System 
yields approximately $862,100 in recreation-related expenditures (see 
Table 2, above). By having ripple effects throughout the economy, these 
direct expenditures are only part of the economic impact of these 
recreational activities. Using a national impact multiplier for hunting 
activities (2.51) derived from the report ``Hunting in America: An 
Economic Force for Conservation'' and for fishing activities (2.51) 
derived from the report ``Sportfishing in America'' yields a total 
maximum economic impact of approximately $3.4 million (2019 dollars) 
(Southwick Associates, Inc., 2018). Using a local impact multiplier 
would yield more accurate and smaller results. However, we employed the 
national impact multiplier due to the difficulty in developing local 
multipliers for each specific region.
    Since we know that most of the fishing and hunting occurs within 
100 miles of a participant's residence, then it is unlikely that most 
of this spending will be ``new'' money coming into a local economy; 
therefore, this spending

[[Page 54098]]

will be offset with a decrease in some other sector of the local 
economy. The net gain to the local economies will be no more than $3.4 
million, and likely less. Since 80 percent of the participants travel 
less than 100 miles to engage in hunting and fishing activities, their 
spending patterns will not add new money into the local economy and, 
therefore, the real impact will be on the order of about $680,000 
annually.
    Small businesses within the retail trade industry (such as hotels, 
gas stations, taxidermy shops, bait-and-tackle shops, and similar 
businesses) may be affected by some increased or decreased station 
visitation. A large percentage of these retail trade establishments in 
the local communities around NWRs and NFHs qualify as small businesses 
(see Table 3, below). We expect that the incremental recreational 
changes will be scattered, and so we do not expect that the rule will 
have a significant economic effect on a substantial number of small 
entities in any region or nationally. As noted previously, we expect at 
most $862,100 to be spent in total in the refuges' local economies. The 
maximum increase will be less than four-tenths of 1 percent for local 
retail trade spending (see Table 3, below). Table 3 does not include 
entries for those NWRs and NFHs for which we project no changes in 
recreation opportunities in 2020-2021; see Table 2, above.

                     Table 3--Comparative Expenditures for Retail Trade Associated With Additional Station Visitation for 2020-2021
                                                                [Thousands, 2019 dollars]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       Estimated                                         Establishments
                                                                     Retail trade       maximum       Addition as   Establishments in   with fewer than
                        Station/county(ies)                           in 2012 \1\    addition from    percent  of        2012 \1\       10 employees in
                                                                                    new activities       total                              2012 \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alamosa:
    Alamosa, CO...................................................        $312,549            $3.5           <0.01                 85                 62
    Conejos, CO...................................................          40,009             3.5            0.01                 18                 12
ARM Loxahatchee:
    Palm Beach, FL................................................      21,936,473            10.3           <0.01              5,236              3,925
Assabet River:
    Middlesex, MA.................................................      23,767,638             6.5           <0.01              5,156              3,594
Balcones Canyonlands:
    Travis, TX....................................................      17,352,705             0.3           <0.01              3,469              2,432
    Burnet, TX....................................................         687,767             0.3           <0.01                182                148
    Williamson, TX................................................       9,559,523             0.3           <0.01              1,277                840
Bamforth:
    Albany, WY....................................................         533,993             0.8           <0.01                141                103
Banks Lake:
    Lanier, GA....................................................               D             0.2               D                 21                 17
Berkshire NFH:
    Berkshire, MA.................................................       2,134,074            12.6           <0.01                711                508
Big Branch Marsh:
    St. Tammany, LA...............................................       3,953,819             1.3           <0.01                915                656
Bitter Lake:
    Chaves, NM....................................................         996,707             0.5           <0.01                233                153
Block Island:
    Washington, RI................................................       1,865,967             2.2           <0.01                548                394
Bogue Chitto:
    St. Tammany, LA...............................................       3,953,819             0.8           <0.01                915                656
    Washington, LA................................................         330,750             0.8           <0.01                138                104
    Pearl River, MS...............................................         531,519             0.8           <0.01                172                128
Bombay Hook:
    Kent, DE......................................................       2,996,217            14.3           <0.01                561                368
Bosque del Apache:
    Socorro, NM...................................................         133,401            49.0            0.04                 39                 31
Browns Park:
    Moffat, CO....................................................         224,866             1.3           <0.01                 72                 58
Buenos Aires:
    Pima, AZ......................................................      12,668,688             3.3           <0.01              2,770              1,857
Buffalo Lake:
    Randall, TX...................................................       2,009,993             0.4           <0.01                352                247
Cabeza Prieta:
    Yuma, AZ......................................................       2,222,557            25.0           <0.01                449                302
    Pima, AZ......................................................      12,668,688            25.0           <0.01              2,770              1,857
Canaan Valley:
    Tucker, WV....................................................          55,811            12.6            0.02                 28                 18
Cedar Island:
    Carteret, NC..................................................       1,083,228             5.0           <0.01                363                276
Cibola:
    La Paz, AZ....................................................         485,448            13.3           <0.01                 81                 57
    Imperial, CA..................................................       1,867,209            13.3           <0.01                446                297
Clarks River:
    Marshall, KY..................................................         436,873             8.4           <0.01                103                 54
    Graves, KY....................................................         449,527             8.4           <0.01                123                 90
    McCracken, KY.................................................       1,824,502             8.4           <0.01                411                256
Cokeville Meadows:

[[Page 54099]]

 
    Lincoln, WY...................................................         201,089             1.2           <0.01                 79                 54
Crab Orchard:
    Williamson, IL................................................       1,243,002             0.2           <0.01                271                185
    Union, IL.....................................................         186,073             0.2           <0.01                 64                 47
    Jackson, IL...................................................       1,122,791             0.2           <0.01                225                143
Crescent Lake:
    Garden, NE....................................................          13,232            27.4            0.21                 12                  8
Dahomey:
    Bolivar, MS...................................................         413,290             5.7           <0.01                161                120
Deer Flat:
    Canyon, ID....................................................       2,393,412             2.1           <0.01                485                351
    Malheur, OR...................................................         595,184             2.1           <0.01                120                 78
Dwight D. Eisenhower NFH:
    Rutland, VT...................................................       1,205,694            12.6           <0.01                411                303
Eufaula:
    Quitman, GA...................................................          13,494            <0.1           <0.01                 10                 10
    Stewart, GA...................................................          19,042            <0.1           <0.01                 15                 15
    Barbour, AL...................................................         229,916            <0.1           <0.01                 94                 77
    Russell, AL...................................................         556,440            <0.1           <0.01                155                120
Everglades Headwater:
    Polk, FL......................................................       7,232,622             8.7           <0.01              1,756              1,317
    Okeechobee, FL................................................         565,749             8.7           <0.01                157                120
Fallon:
    Churchill, NV.................................................         261,819           129.2            0.05                 69                 50
Fish Springs:
    Juab, UT......................................................         127,530             0.7           <0.01                 33                 23
Flint Hills:
    Coffey, KS....................................................         123,995             0.8           <0.01                 50                 35
    Lyon, KS......................................................         549,988             0.8           <0.01                162                121
Fort Niobrara:
    Cherry, NE....................................................          97,237             2.0           <0.01                 38                 27
Great Meadows:
    Middlesex, MA.................................................      23,767,638             5.9           <0.01              5,156              3,594
Great River:
    Pike, IL......................................................         194,031             0.6           <0.01                 53                 36
    Clark, MO.....................................................         130,470             0.6           <0.01                 36                 28
    Shelby, MO....................................................          65,630             0.6           <0.01                 35                 25
Hart Mountain:
    Lake, OR......................................................          83,366             3.3           <0.01                 30                 22
Horicon:
    Dodge, WI.....................................................         927,521             1.8           <0.01                234                159
    Fond du Lac, WI...............................................       1,561,559             1.8           <0.01                354                225
Hutton Lake:
    Albany, WY....................................................         533,993             3.3           <0.01                141                103
Iroquois:
    Genesee, NY...................................................         874,965             2.7           <0.01                219                163
    Orleans, NY...................................................         281,049             2.7           <0.01                 95                 65
John W. and Louise Seier:
    Rock, NE......................................................           7,556             6.7            0.09                  7                  5
John H. Chafee:
    Washington, RI................................................       1,865,967            17.7           <0.01                548                394
Jordan River NFH:
    Antrim, MI....................................................         188,903             0.6           <0.01                 88                 77
Kirwin:
    Phillips, KS..................................................          57,317             8.2            0.01                 35                 27
Kootenai:
    Boundary, ID..................................................         111,427             1.7           <0.01                 47                 37
LaCreek:
    Bennett, SD...................................................          36,017             9.1            0.03                 15                  9
Laguna Atascosa:
    Cameron, TX...................................................       4,593,067             2.5           <0.01              1,119                758
Lamar NFH:
    Clinton, PA...................................................         648,726            12.6           <0.01                121                 82
Lee Metcalf:
    Ravalli, MT...................................................         368,170             2.0           <0.01                166                124
Leslie Canyon:
    Cochise, AZ...................................................       1,411,126             3.9           <0.01                408                301

[[Page 54100]]

 
Little White Salmon NFH:
    Skamania, WA..................................................          28,090             1.7            0.01                 21                 18
Lower Rio Grande Valley:
    Willacy, TX...................................................         131,872             0.5           <0.01                 32                 24
    Hildalgo, TX..................................................         175,611             0.5           <0.01                 26                 20
    Starr, TX.....................................................         484,809             0.5           <0.01                135                 98
Marais des Cygnes:
    Linn, KS......................................................          59,571             0.8           <0.01                 35                 25
Mattamuskeet:
    Hyde, NC......................................................          33,868             2.1            0.01                 36                 35
Merced:
    Merced, CA....................................................       2,181,912             1.7           <0.01                528                348
Middle Mississippi River:
    Monroe, IL....................................................         536,378             0.4           <0.01                 96                 72
    Randolph, IL..................................................         415,738             0.4           <0.01                100                 62
    Jefferson, MO.................................................         435,265             0.4           <0.01                128                 92
Minidoka:
    Power, ID.....................................................          32,991             0.8           <0.01                 16                 13
    Cassia, ID....................................................         360,659             0.8           <0.01                116                 89
    Blaine, ID....................................................         332,491             0.8           <0.01                183                153
    Minidoka, ID..................................................         175,875             0.8           <0.01                 62                 47
Montezuma:
    Cayuga, NY....................................................         973,987             2.3           <0.01                260                195
    Seneca, NY....................................................         545,489             2.3           <0.01                183                114
    Wayne, NY.....................................................         915,984             2.3           <0.01                267                181
Muscatatuck:
    Jackson, IN...................................................         660,019             0.9           <0.01                183                140
    Jennings, IN..................................................         219,265             0.9           <0.01                 66                 58
Nestucca Bay:
    Lincoln, OR...................................................         646,693             1.1           <0.01                307                251
Ninigret:
    Washington, RI................................................       1,865,967             1.5           <0.01                548                394
North Platte:
    Scotts Bluff, NE..............................................               D             0.9               D                178                128
Northern Tallgrass Prairie:
    Pipestone, MN.................................................         150,875             1.0           <0.01                 52                 40
    Pope, MN......................................................         154,224             1.0           <0.01                 41                 32
    Swift, MN.....................................................         104,292             1.0           <0.01                 45                 32
Ottawa:
    Ottawa, OH....................................................         476,239             0.7           <0.01                144                109
Oxbow:
    Middlesex, MA.................................................      23,767,638             3.4           <0.01              5,156              3,594
    Worcester, MA.................................................      12,155,780             3.4           <0.01              2,572              1,788
Pahranagat:
    Lincoln, NV...................................................               D             3.3               D                 16                  6
Pathfinder:
    Natrona, WY...................................................       1,656,388             0.3           <0.01                363                262
    Carbon, WY....................................................         340,129             0.3           <0.01                 86                 73
Patoka River:
    Pike, IN......................................................          80,767             1.7           <0.01                 31                 23
    Gibson, IN....................................................         620,865             1.7           <0.01                120                 84
Quivira:
    Stafford, KS..................................................          38,722             4.7            0.01                 17                 13
    Rice, KS......................................................          55,698             4.7            0.01                 39                 31
    Reno, KS......................................................         911,013             4.7           <0.01                265                194
Rydell:
    Polk, MN......................................................         369,241             3.7           <0.01                109                 74
Sachuest Point:
    Newport, RI...................................................       1,243,192             1.0           <0.01                430                332
San Diego Bay:
    San Diego, CA.................................................      44,302,582            12.6           <0.01              9,219              6,314
San Luis:
    Merced, CA....................................................       2,181,912             1.7           <0.01                528                348
Savannah:
    Chatham, GA...................................................       4,739,604            13.8           <0.01              1,198                851
    Effingham, GA.................................................         399,251            13.8           <0.01                108                 79
    Jasper, SC....................................................         640,060            13.8           <0.01                104                 80

[[Page 54101]]

 
Seatuck:
    Suffolk, NY...................................................      26,383,026             3.0           <0.01              6,524              3,904
Spring Creek NFH:
    Skamania, WA..................................................          28,090             0.3           <0.01                 21                 18
    Klickitat, WA.................................................          71,785             0.3           <0.01                 47                 36
St. Marks:
    Wakulla, FL...................................................         186,734             5.8           <0.01                 62                 49
    Jefferson, FL.................................................          98,784             5.8            0.01                 43                 35
    Taylor, FL....................................................         230,580             5.8           <0.01                 86                 67
St. Vincent:
    Franklin, FL..................................................         108,995            10.0            0.01                 67                 52
Stewart B. McKinney:
    Fairfield, CT.................................................      16,888,208             2.9           <0.01              3,459              2,453
    New Haven, CT.................................................      12,880,670             2.9           <0.01              2,901              2,015
    Middlesex, CT.................................................       2,452,586             2.9           <0.01                659                455
Stillwater:
    Churchill, NV.................................................         261,819             2.1           <0.01                 69                 50
Swan River:
    Lake, MT......................................................          66,984             0.5           <0.01                 30                 23
Swanquarter:
    Hyde, NC......................................................          33,868             2.5            0.01                 36                 35
Tallahatchie:
    Tallahatchie, MS..............................................          60,260             2.9           <0.01                 40                 36
    Grenada, MS...................................................         462,248             2.9           <0.01                120                 90
Tennessee:
    Henry, TN.....................................................         545,041             2.2           <0.01                139                 98
    Benton, TN....................................................         167,976             2.2           <0.01                 59                 47
    Decator, TN...................................................          85,132             2.2           <0.01                 45                 35
    Hunphreys, TN.................................................         206,806             2.2           <0.01                 65                 54
Tensas:
    Madison, LA...................................................         176,886             0.1           <0.01                 38                 27
    Richland, LA..................................................         278,783             0.1           <0.01                 65                 49
    Franklin, LA..................................................         279,412             0.1           <0.01                 78                 55
    Tensas, LA....................................................          30,800             0.1           <0.01                 15                 14
Tishomingo:
    Johnston, OK..................................................          68,010             9.1            0.01                 35                 31
    Marshall, OK..................................................         177,989             9.1            0.01                 53                 42
Turnbull:
    Spokane, WA...................................................       7,305,612             4.0           <0.01              1,617              1,108
Two Rivers:
    Jersey, IL....................................................         256,816             1.3           <0.01                 69                 49
    Calhoun, IL...................................................          30,438             1.3           <0.01                 15                  9
    Greene, IL....................................................         139,806             1.3           <0.01                 49                 32
    St. Charlies, MO..............................................       5,536,064             1.3           <0.01              1,085                695
Umbagog:
    Oxford, ME....................................................         680,802             6.3           <0.01                222                163
    Coos, NH......................................................         630,944             6.3           <0.01                184                143
Union Slough:
    Kossuth, IA...................................................         274,837             0.5           <0.01                 93                 69
Valentine:
    Cherry, NE....................................................          97,237            25.0            0.03                 38                 27
Wapato Lake:
    Washington, OR................................................       9,342,147            38.3           <0.01              1,573              1,002
    Yamhill, OR...................................................         987,290            38.3           <0.01                283                201
Wertheim:
    Suffolk, NY...................................................      26,383,026             2.7           <0.01              6,524              3,904
Willapa:
    Pacific, WA...................................................         120,098            16.4            0.01                 89                 68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ U.S. Census Bureau. ``D'' denotes sample size too small to report data.

    With the small change in overall spending stemming from this rule, 
it is unlikely that a substantial number of small entities will have 
more than a small impact from the spending change near the affected 
stations. Therefore, we certify that this final rule will not have a 
significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities 
as defined under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). 
A regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.

[[Page 54102]]

Accordingly, a small entity compliance guide is not required.

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

    This final rule is not a major rule under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. We anticipate no 
significant employment or small business effects. This rule:
    a. Will not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or 
more. The minimal impact will be scattered across the country and will 
most likely not be significant in any local area.
    b. Will not cause a major increase in costs or prices for 
consumers; individual industries; Federal, State, or local government 
agencies; or geographic regions. This final rule will have only a 
slight effect on the costs of hunting opportunities for Americans. If 
the substitute sites are farther from the participants' residences, 
then an increase in travel costs will occur. The Service does not have 
information to quantify this change in travel cost but assumes that, 
since most people travel less than 100 miles to hunt, the increased 
travel cost will be small. We do not expect this rule to affect the 
supply or demand for hunting opportunities in the United States, and, 
therefore, it should not affect prices for hunting equipment and 
supplies, or the retailers that sell equipment.
    c. Will not have significant adverse effects on competition, 
employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of 
U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises. This 
rule represents only a small proportion of recreational spending at 
NWRs. Therefore, this final rule will have no measurable economic 
effect on the wildlife-dependent industry, which has annual sales of 
equipment and travel expenditures of $72 billion nationwide.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Since this rule applies to public use of federally owned and 
managed refuges, it will not impose an unfunded mandate on State, 
local, or Tribal governments or the private sector of more than $100 
million per year. The final rule does not have a significant or unique 
effect on State, local, or Tribal governments or the private sector. A 
statement containing the information required by the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is not required.

Takings (E.O. 12630)

    In accordance with E.O. 12630, this rule does not have significant 
takings implications. This final rule affects only visitors at NWRs and 
NFHs, and describes what they can do while they are on a Service 
station.

Federalism (E.O. 13132)

    As discussed under Regulatory Planning and Review and Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act, above, this rule does not have sufficient 
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a federalism 
summary impact statement under E.O. 13132. In preparing this rule, we 
worked with State governments.

Civil Justice Reform (E.O. 12988)

    In accordance with E.O. 12988, the Department of the Interior has 
determined that this rule does not unduly burden the judicial system 
and that it meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the 
Order.

Energy Supply, Distribution or Use (E.O. 13211)

    On May 18, 2001, the President issued E.O. 13211 on regulations 
that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and use. E.O. 
13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy Effects when 
undertaking certain actions. Because this final rule adds 8 NWRs and 41 
limited-easement NWRs to the list of refuges open to hunting and sport 
fishing, opens or expands hunting or sport fishing at 89 other NWRs, 
and opens 9 NFHs to hunting and/or sport fishing, it is not a 
significant regulatory action under E.O. 12866, and we do not expect it 
to significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. 
Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action, and no 
Statement of Energy Effects is required.

Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments (E.O. 
13175)

    In accordance with E.O. 13175, we have evaluated possible effects 
on federally recognized Indian tribes and have determined that there 
are no effects. We coordinate recreational use on NWRs and NFHs with 
Tribal governments having adjoining or overlapping jurisdiction before 
we finalize the regulations.

Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This final rule does not contain any new collections of information 
that require approval by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). All 
information collections require approval under the Paperwork Reduction 
Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). We may not conduct or sponsor and 
you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless 
it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB has reviewed 
and approved the information collection requirements associated with 
hunting and sport fishing activities across the National Wildlife 
Refuge System and assigned the following OMB control numbers:
     1018-0140, ``Hunting and Sport Fishing Application Forms 
and Activity Reports for National Wildlife Refuges, 50 CFR 25.41, 
25.43, 25.51, 26.32, 26.33, 27.42, 30.11, 31.15, 32.1 to 32.72'' 
(Expires 07/30/2021),
     1018-0102, ``National Wildlife Refuge Special Use Permit 
Applications and Reports, 50 CFR 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, & 36'' 
(Expires 08/31/2020),
     1018-0135, ``Electronic Federal Duck Stamp Program'' 
(Expires 01/31/2023),
     1018-0093, ``Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit Applications 
and Reports--Management Authority; 50 CFR 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23'' 
(Expires 08/31/2020), and
     1024-0252, ``The Interagency Access Pass and Senior Pass 
Application Processes'' (Expires 08/31/2020).

Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation

    We comply with section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 
amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), when developing CCPs and step-down 
management plans--which would include hunting and/or fishing plans--for 
public use of refuges and hatcheries, and prior to implementing any new 
or revised public recreation program on a station as identified in 50 
CFR 26.32. We have completed section 7 consultation on each of the 
affected stations.

National Environmental Policy Act

    We analyzed this rule in accordance with the criteria of the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4332(C)), 
43 CFR part 46, and 516 Departmental Manual (DM) 8.
    A categorical exclusion from NEPA documentation applies to 
publication of amendments to station-specific hunting and fishing 
regulations because they are technical and procedural in nature, and 
the environmental effects are too broad, speculative, or conjectural to 
lend themselves to meaningful analysis (43 CFR 46.210 and 516 DM 8). 
Concerning the actions that are the subject of this rulemaking, we have 
complied with NEPA at the project level when developing each station's 
regulatory changes. This is consistent with the Department of the 
Interior instructions

[[Page 54103]]

for compliance with NEPA where actions are covered sufficiently by an 
earlier environmental document (43 CFR 46.120).
    Prior to the addition of a refuge or hatchery to the list of areas 
open to hunting and fishing in 50 CFR parts 32 and 71, we develop 
hunting and fishing plans for the affected stations. We incorporate 
these proposed station hunting and fishing activities in the station 
CCP and/or other step-down management plans, pursuant to our refuge 
planning guidance in 602 Fish and Wildlife Service Manual (FW) 1, 3, 
and 4. We prepare these CCPs and step-down plans in compliance with 
section 102(2)(C) of NEPA, the Council on Environmental Quality's 
regulations for implementing NEPA in 40 CFR parts 1500 through 1508, 
and the Department of Interior's NEPA regulations 43 CFR part 46. We 
invited the affected public to participate in the review, development, 
and implementation of these plans. Copies of all plans and NEPA 
compliance are available from the stations at the addresses provided 
below.

Available Information for Specific Stations

    Individual refuge and hatchery headquarters have information about 
public use programs and conditions that apply to their specific 
programs and maps of their respective areas. We have also created the 
following website to house all NEPA documents for the openings and 
expansions in this rule from each refuge: https://www.fws.gov/refuges/hunting/rules-regulations-and-improved-access/. To find out how to 
contact a specific refuge or hatchery, contact the appropriate Service 
office for the States listed below:

Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Regional Chief, National 
Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Eastside 
Federal Complex, Suite 1692, 911 NE 11th Avenue, Portland, OR 97232-
4181; Telephone (503) 231-6214.
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Regional Chief, National 
Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 1306, 
500 Gold Avenue SW, Albuquerque, NM 87103; Telephone (505) 248-6937.
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and 
Wisconsin. Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990, Bloomington, 
MN 55437-1458; Telephone (612) 713-5360.
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin 
Islands. Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, 1875 Century Boulevard, Atlanta, GA 30345; Telephone 
(404) 679-7166.
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, 
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode 
Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Regional Chief, National 
Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Westgate 
Center Drive, Hadley, MA 01035-9589; Telephone (413) 253-8307.
Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, 
and Wyoming. Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service, 134 Union Blvd., Lakewood, CO 80228; Telephone 
(303) 236-8145.
Alaska. Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, AK 99503; Telephone 
(907) 786-3545.
California and Nevada. Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System, 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2606, 
Sacramento, CA 95825; Telephone (916) 414-6464.

Primary Author

    Katherine Harrigan, Division of Natural Resources and Conservation 
Planning, National Wildlife Refuge System, is the primary author of 
this rulemaking document.

List of Subjects

50 CFR Part 32

    Fishing, Hunting, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Wildlife, Wildlife refuges.

50 CFR Part 36

    Alaska, Recreation and recreation areas, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Wildlife refuges.

50 CFR Part 71

    Fish, Fishing, Hunting, Wildlife.

Regulation Promulgation

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, we amend title 50, 
chapter I, subchapters C and E of the Code of Federal Regulations as 
follows:

Subchapter C--The National Wildlife Refuge System

PART 32--HUNTING AND FISHING

0
1. The authority citation for part 32 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd-668ee, and 
715i; Pub. L. 115-20, 131 Stat. 86.

0
2. Amend Sec.  32.7 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraph (c)(8) as paragraph (c)(9) and adding a new 
paragraph (c)(8);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (e)(17) through (22) as paragraphs (e)(18) 
through (23) and adding a new paragraph (e)(17);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (i)(5) through (14) as paragraphs (i)(6) 
through (15) and adding a new paragraph (i)(5);
0
d. Redesignating paragraphs (aa)(4) through (6) as paragraphs (aa)(5) 
through (7) and adding a new paragraph (aa)(4);
0
e. Redesignating paragraphs (bb)(3) through (6) as paragraphs (bb)(4) 
through (7) and adding a new paragraph (bb)(3);
0
f. Revising paragraph (hh);
0
g. Redesignating paragraph (kk)(20) as paragraph (kk)(21) and adding a 
new paragraph (kk)(20);
0
h. Redesignating paragraphs (mm)(2) through (4) as paragraphs (mm)(3) 
through (5) and adding a new paragraph (mm)(2); and
0
i. Redesignating paragraphs (xx)(1) through (5) as paragraphs (xx)(2) 
through (6) and adding a new paragraph (xx)(1).
    The additions and revision read as follows:


Sec.  32.7   What refuge units are open to hunting and/or sport 
fishing?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (8) Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (17) San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (5) Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (aa) * * *
    (4) John W. and Louise Seier National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (bb) * * *
    (3) Fallon National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (hh) North Dakota. (1) Appert Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

[[Page 54104]]

    (2) Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge.
    (3) Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge.
    (4) Arrowwood Wetland Management District.
    (5) Audubon National Wildlife Refuge.
    (6) Audubon Wetland Management District.
    (7) Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge.
    (8) Brumba National Wildlife Refuge.
    (9) Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (10) Camp Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (11) Canefield Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (12) Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (13) Chase Lake Wetland Management District.
    (14) Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (15) Crosby Wetland Management District.
    (16) Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (17) Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge.
    (18) Devils Lake Wetland Management District.
    (19) Half Way Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (20) Hiddenwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (21) Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (22) Hutchinson Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (23) J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge.
    (24) J. Clark Salyer Wetland Management District.
    (25) Johnson Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (26) Kulm Wetland Management District.
    (27) Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge.
    (28) Lake George National Wildlife Refuge.
    (29) Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge.
    (30) Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (31) Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge.
    (32) Lake Otis National Wildlife Refuge.
    (33) Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge.
    (34) Lake Zahl National Wildlife Refuge.
    (35) Lambs Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (36) Little Goose Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (37) Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (38) Long Lake Wetland Management District.
    (39) Lords Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (40) Lost Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (41) Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge.
    (42) Lostwood Wetland Management District.
    (43) Maple River National Wildlife Refuge.
    (44) Pleasant Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (45) Pretty Rock National Wildlife Refuge.
    (46) Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (47) Rock Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (48) Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (49) School Section National Wildlife Refuge.
    (50) Sheyenne Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (51) Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (52) Silver Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (53) Slade National Wildlife Refuge.
    (54) Snyder Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (55) Springwater National Wildlife Refuge.
    (56) Stewart Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (57) Stoney Slough National Wildlife Refuge.
    (58) Storm Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (59) Sunburst Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (60) Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge.
    (61) Tewaukon Wetland Management District.
    (62) Tomahawk National Wildlife Refuge.
    (63) Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge.
    (64) Wild Rice National Wildlife Refuge.
    (65) Willow Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
    (66) Wintering River National Wildlife Refuge.
    (67) Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (kk) * * *
    (20) Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (mm) * * *
    (2) John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *
    (xx) * * *
    (1) Bamforth National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *

0
3. Amend Sec.  32.22 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b), (c), (d)(1) introductory text, (d)(1)(i), 
(d)(1)(iv), (d)(2)(i) and (ii), (d)(3), and (d)(4);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (h) as paragraph (i); and
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (h).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.22   Arizona.

* * * * *
    (b)Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting.We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, merganser, moorhen 
(gallinule), common snipe, and mourning, white-winged, and Eurasian 
collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We allow portable or temporary blinds and stands, but you must 
remove them at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (ii) We prohibit falconry.
    (iii) We allow dogs only for the retrieval of birds.
    (2)Upland game hunting.We allow hunting of black-tailed and 
antelope jackrabbit; cottontail rabbit; badger; bobcat; coati; kit and 
gray fox; raccoon; ringtail; coyote; and hog-nosed, hooded, spotted, 
and striped skunk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (3)Big game hunting.We allow hunting of mule and white-tailed deer, 
javelina, mountain lion, and feral hog on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting big game.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (c)Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to obtain a Barry M. Goldwater Range Entry 
Permit (Department of Defense form/requirement) from the refuge.
    (ii) We prohibit falconry.
    (iii) We allow dogs only for the pointing and retrieval of birds.
    (iv) We allow hunting only during the late season dove hunt.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's quail, 
Eurasian

[[Page 54105]]

collared-dove, desert cottontail rabbit, antelope and black-tailed 
jackrabbit, coyote, bobcat, and fox in designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We do not allow wheeled carts in designated Wilderness.
    (iii) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (3)Big game hunting.We allow hunting of desert bighorn sheep, mule 
deer, and mountain lion on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(2)(ii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We require Special Use Permits for all hunters (FWS Form 3-
1383-G), guides (FWS Form 3-1383-C), and stock animals (FWS Form 3-
1383-G).
    (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting big game.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (d) * * *
    (1)Migratory game bird hunting.We allow hunting of goose, duck, 
coot, moorhen (gallinule), common snipe, mourning and white-winged 
dove, and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow only shotgun and archery.
* * * * *
    (iv) The Hart Mine Marsh area is open to entry from 10 a.m. to 3 
p.m. from October 1 through March 14.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) For cottontail rabbit, we allow only shotgun, archery, handgun, 
rifle, and muzzleloader.
    (ii) For quail, we allow only shotgun, archery, and handgun 
shooting shot.
* * * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow rifle, 
shotgun, handgun, muzzleloader, and archery, except for archery-only 
hunts.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging subject to 
the following condition: Cibola Lake is open to fishing and frogging 
from March 15 through September 30.
* * * * *
    (h) Leslie Canyon National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of mourning, white-winged, and Eurasian 
collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit falconry.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of dogs.
    (iii) We prohibit pneumatic weapons.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of Gambel's and scaled 
quail; cottontail; black-tailed jackrabbit; gray fox; coati; badger; 
striped, hooded, spotted, and hog-nosed skunk; bobcat; raccoon; ring-
tailed cat; and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit night hunting.
    (iii) We will allow hunting of these upland game species only when 
the State season dates overlap with a general or archery State deer 
and/or javelina hunt season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer, white-tailed 
deer, javelina, and black bear on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(2)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We will allow hunting of black bear only when the State season 
dates overlap with a general or archery State deer and/or javelina hunt 
season.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *

0
4. Amend Sec.  32.23 by revising paragraphs (d)(1) introductory text, 
(d)(1)(ii), (v), and (vii), and (g)(1) introductory text to read as 
follows:


Sec.  32.23  Arkansas.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl 
(ducks, mergansers, and coots) on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (ii) We allow waterfowl hunting from legal shooting hours until 12 
p.m. (noon).
* * * * *
    (v) Waterfowl hunters may enter the North Unit, Jack's Bay Hunt 
Area, and Levee Hunt Area no earlier than 4 a.m.
* * * * *
    (vii) We allow waterfowl hunting on outlying tracts; paragraph 
(d)(1)(v) of this section applies.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of American 
woodcock, duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *

0
5. Amend Sec.  32.24 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (l)(1) introductory text, (m)(1)(viii), and 
(m)(2)(i);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (q) through (v) as paragraphs (r) through 
(w);
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (q); and
0
d. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (r)(1)(vii), (s)(2)(ii), and 
(v)(2)(ii).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.24  California.

* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, 
coot, snipe, and moorhen on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (viii) Hunters must enter and exit the hunting area from the three 
designated hunt parking lots, which we open 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
sunrise and close 1 hour after legal sunset each hunt day.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) We limit hunting to junior hunters possessing a valid State 
Junior Hunting License and refuge Junior Pheasant Hunt Permit (FWS Form 
3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
* * * * *
    (q) San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing from boats and other 
flotation devices on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following condition: We prohibit shoreline fishing.
    (r) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vii) We prohibit the use of motorized boats and other flotation 
devices in the free-roam units with the exception of the Freitas Unit.
* * * * *
    (s) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (s)(1)(ii) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
* * * * *
    (v) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (v)(1)(i) through 
(viii) of this section apply.
* * * * *

0
6. Amend Sec.  32.25 by revising paragraph (a)(2), adding paragraph

[[Page 54106]]

(a)(4), and revising paragraphs (d)(3) and (e)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.25  Colorado.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, and 
black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbit, on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following condition: The only acceptable methods 
of take are shotgun, rifle firing rimfire cartridges less than .23 
caliber, hand-held bow, pellet gun, slingshot, and hawking/falconry.
* * * * *
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit launching or 
removing any type of watercraft from the refuge on the Rio Grande or 
Chicago Ditch.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn antelope, 
moose, mule deer, and elk on designated areas of the refuge.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, and 
black-tailed and white-tailed jackrabbit, on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following condition: The only acceptable methods 
of take are shotgun, rifle firing rimfire cartridges less than .23 
caliber, hand-held bow, pellet gun, slingshot, and hawking/falconry.
* * * * *

0
7. Revise Sec.  32.26 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.26  Connecticut.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow refuge access 1\1/2\ hours prior to legal sunrise 
until 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The 
conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section 
apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions 
set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We prohibit launching of motorboats from the refuge.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of reptiles and amphibians as bait.
    (b) Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory 
game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, merganser, brant, 
sea duck, and goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) For the Great Meadows unit, we will limit hunt days to 
Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays during the regular duck, sea duck, 
and brant seasons.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iii) We allow the use of temporary tree stands and blinds, which 
must be removed at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of white-tailed deer 
and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(iii) 
of this section applies.
    (4) [Reserved]

0
8. Revise Sec.  32.27 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.27  Delaware.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System) for waterfowl hunting.
    (ii) You must complete and return a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS 
Form 3-2361), available at the refuge administration office or on the 
refuge's website, within 15 days of the close of the season.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of grey squirrel, 
cottontail rabbit, ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, raccoon, 
opossum, coyote, and red fox on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following condition: The condition set forth at paragraph 
(a)(1)(iii) of this section applies.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) Hunting on the headquarters deer hunt area will be by lottery. 
You must obtain and possess a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) from the refuge office or 
website and have the permit in your possession while hunting.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of 
lead fishing tackle on the refuge.
    (b) Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow the hunting of waterfowl, coot, mourning dove, snipe, 
and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You must obtain and possess a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) from the refuge 
office or website and have the permit in your possession while hunting.
    (ii) You must complete and return a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS 
Form 3-2361), available at the refuge administration office or on the 
refuge's website, within 15 days of the close of the season.
    (iii) We allow State certified hunters with disabilities hunting 
privileges in the Disabled Waterfowl Draw Area subject to the following 
condition: We do not allow assistants to enter a designated disabled 
hunting area unless they are accompanied by a certified disabled 
hunter.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit, quail, 
pheasant, and red fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) 
and (iv) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or

[[Page 54107]]

cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the 
organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
    (ii) Hunting on the headquarters deer hunt area will be by lottery.
    (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this 
section applies.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) On Turkle and Fleetwood ponds, we allow boats only with 
electric trolling motors.
    (ii) You must attend all crabbing and fishing gear at all times.
    (iii) You must remove all personal property at the end of each 
day's fishing activity (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this 
chapter).

0
9. Amend Sec.  32.28 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (e) through (n) as paragraphs (f) through 
(o);
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (e);
0
d. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (i)(2)(i) and (i)(3)(i);
0
e. In newly redesignated paragraph (j):
0
i. Revising paragraphs (j)(1)(ii) and (x);
0
ii. Adding paragraph (j)(1)(xi);
0
iii. Revising paragraphs (j)(3)(iv) through (viii) and (x);
0
iv. Removing paragraph (j)(3)(xiv);
0
v. Redesignating paragraphs (j)(3)(xv) through (xix) as paragraphs 
(j)(3)(xiv) through (xviii);
0
vi. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (j)(3)(xv) and 
(j)(3)(xviii); and
0
f. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (m)(2)(iii) and (vii), (m)(3) 
introductory text, (m)(3)(i), (ii), (iv), (viii) and (ix), and 
(n)(3)(vii).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.28  Florida.

* * * * *
    (a) Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck and coot on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a signed current refuge hunt permit 
(signed brochure) while hunting. You must have on your person all 
applicable licenses and permits.
    (ii) We prohibit hunting from all refuge structures, canals, and 
levees; within \1/2\ mile of canoe trails, campsites, and boat ramps; 
and in areas posted as closed. We allow motorized vessels in the 
Motorized Zone, south of latitude line 26[deg]27.130. We allow 
nonmotorized vessels in the Refuge Interior. We allow only one 
motorized vessel per party.
    (iii) Hunters may only enter and leave the refuge at designated 
entrances.
    (iv) We allow only temporary blinds of native vegetation.
    (v) Hunters must remove decoys and other personal property from the 
hunting area at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (vi) Hunters may only use boats equipped with factory-manufactured, 
water-cooled outboard motors; boats with electric motors; and 
nonmotorized boats. We prohibit boats with air-cooled engines, fan 
boats, hovercraft, and personal watercraft (jet skis, jet boats, wave 
runners, etc.). We allow airboats by permit only (Special Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-1383-G)). We will issue airboat permits through a separate 
lottery. There is a 35 miles per hour (mph) speed limit in all waters 
of the refuge. A 500-foot (150-meter) ``idle speed zone'' is at each of 
the refuge's three boat ramps.
    (vii) Hunters operating boats in the Refuge Interior, outside of 
the perimeter canal, are required to display a 10-inches by 12-inches 
(25-centimeters by 30-centimeters) orange flag 10 feet (3 meters) above 
the vessel's waterline.
    (viii) We will allow the use of airboats for a limited number of 
duck and coot hunters by permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-
G)) during Phase 2 of the State duck and coot season only. We will 
issue airboat permits through a separate lottery. Contact the Refuge 
headquarters for airboat permitting information.
    (ix) Motorized vessels used while hunting must be stopped and shut 
off for 15 minutes prior to shooting. Permitted motorized vessels must 
be in place 1 hour before legal sunrise and not move until 1 hour after 
legal sunrise.
    (x) All hunters must leave the hunt area once their bag/tag limit 
has been reached.
    (xi) We prohibit unrestricted airboat travel not associated with 
hunting.
    (xii) All hunters younger than age 18 must be supervised by a 
licensed and permitted adult age 21 or older, and must remain with the 
adult while hunting. Hunters younger than age 18 must have completed a 
hunter education course.
    (xiii) No entry and/or limited activity buffer zones or closures 
may be created to protect endangered or threatened species and other 
species.
    (xiv) Licenses, permits, equipment, and effects and vehicles, 
vessels, and other conveyances are subject to inspection by law 
enforcement officers.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of alligator, white-tailed 
deer, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iii), (v) 
through (vii), and (x) and (xi) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit hunting from all refuge structures and levees; 
within \1/2\ mile of canoe trails, campsites, and boat ramps; and in 
areas posted as closed. We allow motorized vessels in the Motorized 
Zone, south of latitude line 26[deg]27.130. We allow alligator hunting 
in the Motorized Zone and perimeter canal south of latitude line 
26[deg]27.130. We allow nonmotorized vessels in the Refuge Interior. We 
allow only one motorized vessel per party.
    (iii) We allow alligator hunting on the refuge 1 hour before legal 
sunset on Friday night through 1 hour after legal sunrise Saturday 
morning, and 1 hour before legal sunset on Saturday night through 1 
hour after legal sunrise Sunday morning. We allow alligator hunting the 
first two weekends during Harvest Period 1 (August) and the first two 
weekends during Harvest Period 2 (September). Following the close of 
Harvest Period 2, the remaining weekends in October will be open for 
alligator harvest permittees who possess unused CITES tags (OMB Control 
No. 1018-0093). Specific dates for the alligator hunt are on the 
harvest permit issued by the State.
    (iv) Alligator hunters age 18 and older must be in possession of 
all necessary State and Federal licenses, permits, and CITES tags, as 
well as a signed refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting on 
the refuge. They must possess an Alligator Trapping License with CITES 
tag or an Alligator Trapping Agent License (State-issued), if 
applicable.
    (v) Persons younger than age 18 may not hunt but may only accompany 
an adult age 21 or older who possesses an Alligator Trapping Agent 
License (State-issued).
    (vi) You may take alligators using hand-held snare, harpoon, gig, 
snatch hook, artificial lure, manually operated spear, spear gun, or 
crossbow. We prohibit the taking of alligators using baited hook, 
baited wooden peg, or firearm. We allow the use of bang sticks (a hand-
held pole with a pistol or shotgun cartridge on the end in a very short 
barrel) with approved nontoxic ammunition (see Sec.  32.2(k)) only for 
taking alligators attached to a restraining line. Once an alligator is 
captured, it must be killed immediately. We prohibit catch-and-release 
of alligators. Once the

[[Page 54108]]

alligator is dead, you must lock a CITES tag through the skin of the 
carcass within 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) of the tip of the tail. The 
tag must remain attached to the alligator at all times.
    (vii) We allow the use of airboats for a limited number of 
alligator hunters by permit (Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)). 
Airboat permits will be issued through a separate lottery. Contact the 
refuge headquarters for airboat permitting information.
    (viii) Alligators must remain in whole condition while on refuge 
lands.
    (ix) We allow a limited quota permit for the taking of white-tailed 
deer and incidental take of feral hog in the Refuge Interior, by 
airboat (requires Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)) and 
nonmotorized vessels only. Airboat access will be for deer hunt permit 
holders only.
    (x) White-tailed deer and feral hog hunters age 18 and older must 
be in possession of all necessary State and Federal licenses, permits, 
as well as a current refuge hunt permit (signed brochure) while hunting 
on the refuge.
    (xi) We have limited quota and specialty hunts for the taking of 
white-tailed deer, and incidental take of feral hogs during the deer 
hunts on the Strazzulla Marsh and the Cypress Swamp.
    (xii) Motorized vessels used while deer hunting must be stopped and 
shut off for 15 minutes prior to shooting. Permitted motorized vessels 
must be in place 1 hour before legal sunrise and not move until 1 hour 
after legal sunrise.
    (xiii) We close the Refuge Interior to all other uses during the 
limited quota white-tailed deer hunt in the Refuge Interior.
    (xiv) White-tailed deer hunters younger than age 18 must be 
supervised by a licensed and permitted adult age 21 or older, and must 
remain with the adult while hunting. Hunters younger than age 18 must 
have completed a hunter education course.
    (xv) We prohibit the use of dogs for the take or attempt to take of 
white-tailed deer and feral hogs. We allow the use of dogs for blood 
trailing only.
    (xvi) We require nontoxic ammunition (see Sec.  32.2(k)) when deer 
hunting on the refuge.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing on all areas of the refuge, except those areas 
posted as closed to fishing or closed to the public.
    (ii) Anglers may only use boats equipped with factory-manufactured-
water-cooled outboard motors, boats with electric motors, and 
nonmotorized boats. We prohibit boats with air-cooled engines, fan 
boats, hovercraft, and personal watercraft (jet skis, jet boats, wave 
runners, etc.). We allow the use of airboats by permit only (Special 
Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G)). Airboat permits will be issued through 
a separate lottery. Contact the refuge headquarters for airboat 
permitting information.
    (iii) We allow motorized vessels in the Motorized Zone, south of 
latitude line 26[deg]27.130, and perimeter canal. We allow only 
nonmotorized vessels in the Non Motorized Watercraft Zone, northern 
portion of Refuge Interior.
    (iv) Anglers operating boats in the Refuge Interior, outside of the 
perimeter canal, are required to display a 10-inches by 12-inches (25 
cm x 30 cm) orange flag 10-feet (3 meters) above the vessel's 
waterline.
    (v) We only allow the use of rods and reels and poles and lines, 
and anglers must attend them at all times. We prohibit the possession 
or use of cast nets, seines, trot lines, jugs, and other fishing 
devices.
    (vi) We allow frog gigging, bow fishing, and fish gigging in all 
areas open to sport fishing, except in the A, B, and C Impoundments and 
Strazzulla Marsh.
    (vii) We prohibit frog gigging, bow fishing, and fish gigging from 
structures and from within \1/2\ mile of refuge boat ramps, campsites, 
and canoe trails, and in areas posted as closed.
    (viii) We allow the taking of frogs from July 16 through March 15 
of each year.
    (ix) The daily bag limit for frogs is 50 frogs per vessel or party.
    (x) Fish and frogs must remain in whole condition while on refuge 
lands.
    (xi) Frogs may only be taken by gig, blowgun, or hook and line, or 
by hand.
    (xii) We limit frogging or fishing by airboat to nonhunting airboat 
permittees only.
    (xiii) We prohibit commercial fishing, including unpermitted 
commercial guiding, and the taking of turtles and other wildlife (see 
Sec.  27.21 of this chapter).
    (xiv) We allow 17 fishing tournaments a year by Special Use Permit 
only (General Activities--Special Use Permit Application, FWS Form 3-
1383-G).
* * * * *
    (e) Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory 
game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on 
designated areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and 
applicable State Wildlife Management Area regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable 
State Wildlife Management Area regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State 
Wildlife Management Area regulations.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge in accordance with State regulations and applicable State 
Wildlife Management Area regulations.
* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (viii) 
of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (viii) 
of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (j) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) You must carry (or hunt within 30 yards of a hunter who 
possesses) a valid State-issued Merritt Island Waterfowl Quota Permit, 
while hunting in areas 1 or 4 during the State's regular waterfowl 
season. The Waterfowl Quota Permit can be used for a single party 
consisting of the permit holder and up to three guests. The permit 
holder must be present. The Waterfowl Quota Permit is a limited entry 
quota permit, is zone-specific, and is nontransferable.
* * * * *
    (x) You must stop at a posted refuge waterfowl check station and 
report statistical hunt information on the Migratory Bird Hunt Report 
(FWS Form 3-2361) to refuge personnel.
    (xi) When inside the impoundment perimeter ditch, you may use 
gasoline or diesel motors. Outside the perimeter ditch, you must propel 
vessels by paddling, push pole, or electric trolling motor.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iv) We allow hunting within the State's deer season on specific 
days as defined by the refuge hunt brochure. Each hunt will be a 3-day 
weekend. Legal shooting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to 
\1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (v) Hunters possessing a valid permit (State-issued permit) may 
access the refuge no earlier than 4 a.m. and must leave the refuge no 
later than 2 hours after legal sunset. If you wish to track wounded 
game beyond 2 hours after legal sunset, you must gain consent from a 
Federal Wildlife Officer to do so.

[[Page 54109]]

    (vi) We prohibit hunting from refuge roads or within 150 yards of 
roads open to public vehicle traffic or within 200 yards of a building 
or Kennedy Space Center facility.
    (vii) Each permitted hunter may have one adult guest and one youth 
hunter per adult. All guests must remain within 30 yards of the 
permitted hunter. The party must share a single bag limit. Each adult 
may supervise one youth hunter and must remain within sight and normal 
voice contact.
    (viii) You may set up stands or blinds up to 7 days prior to the 
permitted hunt; you must remove them on the last day of your permitted 
hunt. You must clearly mark stands and blinds with your Florida State 
customer identification (ID) number found on your hunting license. You 
may have no more than one stand or blind per person on the refuge at 
any time. You must place a stand or blind for a youth hunter within 
sight and normal voice contact of the supervisory hunter's stand and 
mark it with the supervisory hunter's Florida State customer ID number 
and the word ``YOUTH.''
* * * * *
    (x) If you use flagging or other trail-marking material, you must 
print your Florida State customer ID number on each piece or marker. 
You may set out flagging and trail markers up to 7 days prior to the 
permitted hunt, and you must remove them on the last day of the 
permitted hunt.
* * * * *
    (xv) You may field dress game; however, we prohibit cleaning game 
within 150 yards of any public area, road, game-check station, or gate. 
We prohibit dumping game carcasses on the refuge.
* * * * *
    (xviii) You must stop at one of two check stations and report 
statistical hunt information on the Self-Clearing Check-In/Out Permit 
(FWS Form 3-2405).
* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) You may only use .22 caliber or smaller rim-fire rifles, 
shotguns (#4 bird shot or smaller) (see Sec.  32.2(k)), or 
muzzleloaders to harvest squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon. In addition, 
you may use shotgun slugs, buckshot, archery equipment including 
crossbows, center fire weapons, or pistols to take feral hogs.
* * * * *
    (vii) You must check out all game taken at a game check station. 
You must use the State harvest recording system to check out all white-
tail deer harvested on the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral 
hog, and turkey in areas and during seasons designated in the hunting 
brochure subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require State-issued refuge permits. Permits are 
nontransferable. Each hunter must possess and carry a signed permit 
when participating in a hunt.
    (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(2)(ii) and (iv) 
through (vii) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (iv) There is a two deer limit per hunt, as specified at paragraph 
(m)(3)(vi) of this section, except during the youth hunt, when the 
limit is as specified at paragraph (m)(3)(vii) of this section. The 
limit for turkey is one per hunt.
* * * * *
    (viii) Mobility-impaired hunters may have an assistant accompany 
them. You may transfer permits (State-issued permit) issued to 
assistants. We limit those hunt teams to harvesting white-tailed deer 
and feral hog within the limits provided at paragraph (m)(3)(vi) of 
this section.
    (ix) You may harvest one bearded turkey per hunt. You may only use 
shotguns or archery equipment, including crossbows, to harvest turkey. 
We prohibit hunting after 1 p.m.
* * * * *
    (n) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (vii) We limit weapons to primitive weapons (bow and arrow, 
muzzleloader, and crossbow) on the primitive weapons sambar deer hunt 
and the primitive weapons white-tailed deer hunt. We limit the archery 
hunt to bow and arrow, and crossbow. You may take feral hog and raccoon 
only with the weapons allowed for that period.
* * * * *

0
10. Amend Sec.  32.29 by:
0
a. Adding paragraph (a)(3);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (h)(1)(iv) as paragraph (h)(1)(v);
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (h)(1)(iv);
0
d. Revising paragraphs (h)(2)(i), (h)(3) introductory text, and 
(h)(3)(i); and
0
e. Adding paragraph (h)(3)(vii).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.29  Georgia.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow alligator hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We only allow 
alligator hunting during the first two weekends (from legal sunset 
Friday through legal sunrise Monday) of the State alligator season.
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) We allow the incidental take of armadillo, beaver, opossum, 
and raccoon during all refuge hunts (migratory bird, upland, and big 
game) with firearms and other equipment authorized for use on refuge 
lands in Georgia only.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, alligator, feral hog, and coyote on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (vii) We prohibit catch-and-release of alligators.
* * * * *

0
11. Amend Sec.  32.31 by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (c)(3)(iv);
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (c)(3)(v) as paragraph (c)(3)(iv); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (c)(4)(i), (e)(1) introductory text, (f)(1) 
introductory text, and (f)(2) and (3).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.31  Idaho.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (i) From October 1 through April 14, we allow ice fishing on the 
Lake Lowell Unit, unless otherwise posted by the Bureau of Reclamation.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, 
coot, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
coot, snipe, dove, and crow on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, grouse, 
partridge (chukar and gray partridge), cottontail rabbit, and bobcat on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The 
condition set forth at

[[Page 54110]]

paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section applies.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and elk on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: Deer 
and elk hunters may enter the hunt area from 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
hunting time to 1\1/2\ hours after legal hunting time.
* * * * *

0
12. Amend Sec.  32.32 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b)(3)(iv)(A), (e)(1), (e)(3)(iii) and (v), (g), 
and (i)(2);
0
b. Removing paragraph (i)(3)(iii);
0
c. Redesignating paragraph (i)(3)(iv) as paragraph (i)(3)(iii); and
0
d. Revising paragraphs (k)(1), (2), and (3).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.32  Illinois.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iv) * * *
    (A) In the area west of Division Street and east of Blue Heron 
Marina;
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game 
birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: On the Long Island Division, we allow hunting only from 
blinds constructed on sites posted by the Illinois Department of 
Natural Resources.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iii) On the Fox Island Division, Slim Island Division, Cherry Box 
Division, and Hickory Creek Division, we only allow archery deer 
hunting during the Statewide archery season. We prohibit archery 
hunting during the State firearm season.
* * * * *
    (v) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
* * * * *
    (g) Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) For hunting, you may possess only approved nontoxic shot shells 
while in the field (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, 
stands, platforms, and other hunting equipment (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 
and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each 
day's hunt.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The 
condition set forth at paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section applies.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of small game, 
furbearers, and game birds on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following condition: We open the refuge divisions for upland game 
hunting from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal 
sunset.
* * * * *
    (k) Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters must remove boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, 
stands, and platforms brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is 
under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting for wild 
turkey, small game, furbearers, and nonmigratory game birds on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (k)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic 
shot shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting 
wild turkey (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (iii) We prohibit hunters using rifles or handguns with ammunition 
larger than .22 caliber rimfire, except they may use black powder 
firearms up to and including .50 caliber.
    (iv) We allow the use of .22 and .17 caliber rimfire lead 
ammunition for the taking of small game and furbearers during open 
season.
    (v) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
* * * * *

0
13. Amend Sec.  32.33 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b), (c)(1) introductory text, and (c)(2) 
introductory text;
0
b. Adding paragraph (c)(2)(iii);
0
c. Revising paragraph (c)(3)(i);
0
d. Redesignating paragraph (c)(3)(iv) as paragraph (c)(3)(v); and
0
e. Adding new paragraph (c)(3)(iv).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.33  Indiana.

* * * * *
    (b) Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, merganser, woodcock, 
and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, 
stands, and platforms brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting, provided the dogs are 
under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
    (iii) We prohibit hunting and the discharge of a firearm within 100 
yards (30 meters) of any dwelling or any other building that people, 
pets, or livestock may occupy.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey, quail, 
squirrel, raccoon, opossum, coyote, fox, skunk, and rabbit on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot 
shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild 
turkey (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) We allow the use of rimfire weapons for upland/small game 
hunting.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of centerfire rifles for any hunts on 
refuge property.
    (iv) During spring turkey hunting, hunters must possess a State-
issued hunting permit during the first 6 days of the season.
    (v) We prohibit turkey hunting after 1 p.m. each day.
    (vi) We allow the incidental take of coyote only during other 
refuge hunting seasons.

[[Page 54111]]

    (vii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through 
(iii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) 
and (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (iii) We prohibit the use or possession of tree spikes, plastic 
flagging, and reflective tacks.
    (iv) We prohibit firearms deer hunting during the State deer 
firearm season (archery and muzzleloader only).
    (v) We close archery deer hunting during the State muzzleloader 
season.
    (vi) We prohibit the possession of game trail cameras on the 
refuge.
    (vii) We require you to remove arrows from crossbows during 
transport in a vehicle.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit the use of any type of motor.
    (ii) We allow the use of kayaks, canoes, belly boats, or float 
tubes in all designated fishing areas.
    (iii) We allow fishing only with rod and reel, or pole and line.
    (iv) We prohibit harvest of frog and turtle (see Sec.  27.21 of 
this chapter).
    (v) We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle.
    (vi) We allow only youth age 15 and younger to fish in the 
Discovery Pond.
    (c) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
merganser, coot, woodcock, dove, snipe, rail, and crow on designated 
areas of the refuge and the White River Wildlife Management Area 
subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of bobwhite quail, 
pheasant, cottontail rabbit, squirrel (gray and fox), red and gray fox, 
coyote, opossum, striped skunk, and raccoon subject to the following 
conditions:
* * * * *
    (iii) You may only use or possess approved nontoxic shot shells 
(see Sec.  32.2(k)) while in the field.
    (3) * * *
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(2)(iii) applies while 
turkey hunting.
* * * * *
    (iv) On the Columbia Mine Unit, if you use a rifle to hunt, you may 
use only rifles allowed by State regulations for hunting on public 
land.
* * * * *

0
14. Amend Sec.  32.34 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (d)(1) introductory text;
0
b. Removing paragraph (d)(1)(i);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (d)(1)(ii) through (d)(1)(v) as paragraphs 
(d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iv); and
0
d. Revising paragraphs (d)(2) introductory text, (d)(2)(i), (g)(1) 
introductory text, (g)(1)(ii), (g)(2) introductory text, (g)(2)(ii), 
and (g)(3)(i).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.34  Iowa.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of dove, 
duck, goose, and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
bobwhite quail, pigeon, crow, cottontail rabbit, gray and fox squirrel, 
and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iv) 
of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
coot, rail (Virginia and sora only), woodcock, dove, crow, and snipe on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (ii) We allow boats or other floating devices when hunting. You may 
not leave boats unattended.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, gray 
partridge, cottontail rabbit, squirrel (fox and gray), groundhog, 
raccoon, opossum, fox, coyote, and skunk on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), 
and (v) of this section apply.
    (3) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), 
and (v) of this section apply.
* * * * *
0
15. Revising Sec.  32.35 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.35  Kansas.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, mourning dove, duck, goose, 
rail, woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end 
of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) We only allow rimfire firearms, shotguns, and archery 
equipment.
    (iii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
    (v) We close hunting areas on the north side of the Neosho River to 
all hunting from November 1 through March 1.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, pheasant, 
prairie chicken, quail, rabbit, State-defined furbearers, and squirrel 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that 
we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
    (ii) Shooting hours for upland game species are \1/2\ hour before 
legal sunrise until legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
    (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting 
(see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place 
a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you 
must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must 
remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the 
owner's name and Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism

[[Page 54112]]

(KDWPT) number. Labels must be clearly visible from the ground.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
    (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this 
section applies.
    (v) We only allow muzzleloaders, shotguns, and archery equipment.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the take of 
reptiles and amphibians.
    (b) Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, merganser, 
mourning dove, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end 
of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
    (iii) In Bow Creek, we allow hunting access by boat or on foot year 
round.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, 
jack rabbit, pheasant, prairie chicken, quail, State-defined 
furbearers, and squirrel (fox and grey) on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment when hunting 
upland game.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that 
we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
    (iii) Shooting hours for upland game species are \1/2\ hour before 
legal sunrise until legal sunset.
    (iv) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
    (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow archery hunting of deer.
    (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place 
a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you 
must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must 
remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the 
owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from the 
ground.
    (iii) You must obtain a refuge-issued permit (FWS Form 3-2405, 
Self-Clearing Check-In/Out Permit) to hunt deer on the refuge.
    (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (v) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
    (vi) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting 
(see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas on 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow boats for activities related to fishing.
    (ii) We prohibit boating for fishing between October 1 and April 1 
when the reservoir water elevation falls below 1,722 feet (measured on 
October 1), except in the Bow Creek Hunting Unit. Boats may be launched 
only at Scout Cove during this period.
    (iii) We allow boating for fishing year-round, on the entire 
reservoir, only when the reservoir water elevation is above 1,722 feet 
(measured on October 1).
    (iv) We allow noncommercial collection of baitfish as governed by 
State regulations.
    (v) We prohibit all activities associated with fishing tournaments, 
outside of sport fishing itself, to include organized gatherings, 
registrations, weigh-ins, and award presentations to be held or 
organized on the refuge.
    (vi) We prohibit the take of reptiles and amphibians.
    (c) Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, mourning 
dove, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end 
of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
    (iv) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, cottontail 
rabbit, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, and upland birds on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that 
we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
    (ii) Shooting hours for upland game species are \1/2\ hour before 
legal sunrise until legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
    (iv) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a State-issued refuge access permit 
to hunt deer and spring turkey.
    (ii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may place 
a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, and you 
must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You must 
remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with the 
owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from the 
ground.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
    (iv) You may possess only approved nontoxic shot for turkey hunting 
(see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies.
    (vi) We only allow archery deer hunting, except during the January 
antlerless deer season when we allow the use of archery, muzzleloader, 
and shotgun.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the take of 
reptiles and amphibians.
    (d) Quivira National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, duck, goose, and mourning dove 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open refuge hunting areas from September 1 through February 
28.
    (ii) The refuge is open from 1\1/2\ hours before legal sunrise to 
1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the retrieval of game from areas closed to 
hunting.
    (iv) You must remove portable hunting blinds and decoys at the end 
of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (v) We prohibit shooting from or over roads and parking areas.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs when hunting migratory birds.
    (vii) We only allow shotguns and archery equipment.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, pheasant, 
quail, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, and rabbit on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

[[Page 54113]]

    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii), 
(v), and (vii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting upland game, except that 
we prohibit the use of dogs when hunting coyotes and furbearers.
    (iii) We prohibit the harvest of beaver and otter.
    (iv) You must possess a State-issued refuge access permit for 
coyote and State-defined furbearer hunting.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You may possess only approved nontoxic ammunition for turkey 
and deer hunting (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) You must possess a State-issued refuge access permit for deer 
and turkey hunting.
    (iii) We allow one portable blind or stand per hunter. You may 
place a stand on the refuge no more than 14 days prior to the season, 
and you must remove it within 14 days of the close of the season. You 
must remove a portable blind at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter). You must label any portable blind or stand with 
the owner's name and KDWPT number. Labels must be clearly visible from 
the ground.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting turkey.
    (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii) 
and (v) of this section apply.
    (vi) We only allow muzzleloaders, shotguns, and archery equipment.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on all waters on the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit taking of reptiles and amphibians.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of trotlines and setlines.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of seines for taking bait.
    (iv) We prohibit fishing from water control structures and bridges.
    (v) We restrict fishing in the designated ``Kid's Pond,'' 
approximately \1/4\ mile (.4 kilometers) west-southwest of 
headquarters, to youth age 14 and younger, and to a parent and/or 
guardian age 18 or older accompanying a youth.
    (vi) The creel limit for the Kid's Pond is one fish per day.
    (vii) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (viii) The only live bait we allow is worms; we prohibit all other 
live bait.

0
16. Amend Sec.  32.36 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1)(iii), (v), and (vi);
0
b. Removing paragraphs (a)(1)(vii) and (viii); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3)(i).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.36  Kentucky.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) We prohibit hunting within 100 feet (30 meters) of a 
residence and discharge of firearms within 200 feet (60 meters) of any 
home, the abandoned railroad tracks, graveled roads, and hiking trails.
* * * * *
    (v) We allow the use of dogs for waterfowl, quail, snipe, dove, 
woodcock, squirrel, rabbit, raccoon, opossum, and fall turkey hunting. 
Dog owners/handlers must have a collar on each dog with the owner's 
contact information.
    (vi) We allow waterfowl hunting from legal shooting time until 12 
p.m. (noon).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, bobcat, fox, skunk, otter, muskrat, 
mink, weasel, and beaver on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow coyote hunting under Statewide regulations during 
daylight hours only.
    (3) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v) of 
this section apply.
* * * * *

0
17. Amend Sec.  32.37 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1) introductory text, (a)(2) introductory 
text, and (c)(1)(vi);
0
b. Adding new paragraph (d)(1)(ix);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (d)(3)(ii), (e)(1)(i) and (v), (e)(2) 
introductory text, and (e)(2)(ii);
0
d. Adding paragraph (e)(2)(v);
0
e. Revising paragraph (f)(3) introductory text;
0
f. Removing paragraph (f)(3)(iii);
0
g. Redesignating paragraph (f)(3)(iv) as (f)(3)(iii);
0
h. Revising paragraphs (g), (k)(1) introductory text, (k)(1)(x), 
(k)(3)(ii), (n)(1)(xiv), (n)(4)(ii), (p)(1)(vii) and (xii), and 
(q)(1)(iii);
0
i. Adding paragraphs (t)(1)(vi);
0
j. Revising paragraph (t)(2)(i); and
0
k. Adding paragraphs (t)(2)(v) and (t)(3)(xiii).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.37  Louisiana.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, 
duck, goose, coot, snipe, rail, gallinule, and woodcock on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, and 
raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vi) Each person age 18 and older must possess a valid Annual 
Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ix) Each person age 18 and older, must possess a valid Annual 
Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) We allow archery deer hunting according to the State of 
Louisiana archery season. Hunters may take deer of either sex as 
governed by State-approved archery equipment and regulations. We close 
refuge archery hunting during refuge deer gun hunts.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) We allow waterfowl hunting on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, 
and Sundays from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon), 
including waterfowl hunting during the State special teal season and 
State youth waterfowl hunt. We allow snipe, rail, and gallinule hunting 
on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from \1/2\ hour before 
legal sunrise until 2 p.m.
* * * * *
    (v) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 
and younger during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education 
requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise 
two youths during small game hunts and migratory bird hunts, but is 
only allowed to supervise one youth during big game hunts. Youths must 
remain within normal voice contact and direct sight of the adult who is 
supervising them. Adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that 
youth hunters do not violate refuge rules.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
raccoon, and

[[Page 54114]]

quail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
* * * * *
    (ii) When hunting squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon, we allow the use 
of dogs only after the close of the State archery deer season. When 
hunting quail, you may only use dogs to locate, point, and retrieve.
* * * * *
    (v) We only allow raccoon to be taken during the State rabbit 
season.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (g) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, and woodcock on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunting from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 12 
p.m. (noon), including during the State special teal season, State 
youth waterfowl hunt, and special light goose conservation season.
    (ii) You must remove blinds and decoys by 1 p.m. each day (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We prohibit goose hunting for that part of the season that 
extends beyond the regular duck season.
    (iv) When hunting migratory game birds, you may only use dogs to 
locate, point, and retrieve game.
    (v) Each person age 18 and older while hunting or fishing must 
possess a valid Annual Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
    (vi) An adult age 18 or older must supervise youth hunters age 17 
and younger during all hunts. Youth hunter age and hunter education 
requirements are governed by State regulations. One adult may supervise 
two youths during small game hunts and migratory bird hunts, but is 
only allowed to supervise one youth during big game hunts. Youths must 
remain within normal voice contact of the adult who is supervising 
them. Adult guardians are responsible for ensuring that youth hunters 
do not violate refuge rules.
    (vii) We prohibit hunting or discharge of firearms (see Sec.  27.42 
of this chapter) within 150 feet (45.7 meters (m)) from the centerline 
of any public road, refuge road, designated or maintained trail, 
building, residence, designated camping area, or designated public 
facility, or from or across aboveground oil, gas, or electric 
facilities.
    (viii) For the purpose of hunting, we prohibit possession of slugs, 
buckshot, and rifle and pistol ammunition, except during the deer gun 
and primitive firearm seasons (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ix) You may use only reflective tacks as trail markers on the 
refuge.
    (x) We allow the incidental take of feral hog during any open 
refuge hunting season with weapons approved for that season.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs for rabbit, squirrel, raccoon, and 
opossum hunting on specific dates listed in the refuge hunt brochure.
    (ii) During any open deer firearm or primitive firearm season on 
the refuge, all hunters, except waterfowl hunters and nighttime raccoon 
and opossum hunters, must wear hunter orange, blaze pink, or other such 
color as governed by State regulations.
    (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(v) through (x) 
of this section apply, except you may use .22-caliber rifles or 
smaller, and the nontoxic shot in your possession while hunting must be 
size 4 or smaller (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (iv) We will close the refuge to hunting (except waterfowl) and 
camping when the Pearl River reaches 15.5 feet (4.65 meters) on the 
Pearl River Gauge at Pearl River, Louisiana.
    (v) During the dog season for squirrels and rabbits, all hunters, 
including archery hunters (while on the ground), except waterfowl 
hunters, must wear a cap or hat that is hunter-orange, blaze pink, or 
other such color as governed by State regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(v) through (x) 
and (g)(2)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) Hunters may erect deer stands 48 hours before the deer archery 
season and must remove them from the refuge within 48 hours after this 
season closes (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). We allow only one deer 
stand per hunter on the refuge. Deer stands must have the owner's State 
license/sportsmen's identification number clearly printed on the stand.
    (iii) Deer hunters hunting from concealed blinds must display State 
Wildlife Management Area (WMA) hunter-orange or blaze-pink (as governed 
by State WMA regulations) above or around their blinds that is visible 
from 360 degrees.
    (iv) We hold a special dog hog hunt in February. During this hunt, 
the following conditions apply, in addition to other applicable 
conditions in paragraph (g)(3) of this section:
    (A) You must use trained hog-hunting dogs to aid in the take of 
hog.
    (B) We allow take of hog from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 
\1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (C) You must possess only approved nontoxic shot, or pistol or 
rifle ammunition not larger than .22 caliber rim-fire to take the hog 
after it has been caught by dogs.
    (v) You must kill all hogs prior to removal from the refuge.
    (vi) We prohibit the use of deer and turkey gobbler decoys.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow only recreational fishing year-round on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow cotton limb lines.
    (ii) We close the fishing ponds at the Pearl River Turnaround to 
fishing from April through the first full week of June and to boating 
during the months of April, May, June, and July.
    (iii) When the Pearl River Turnaround area is open, we allow boats 
that do not have gasoline-powered engines attached in the fishing ponds 
at the Pearl River Turnaround. Anglers must hand-launch these boats 
into the ponds. When the fishing ponds at the Pearl River Turnaround 
are open, hook and line is the only legal method of take in those 
ponds.
    (iv) The Pearl River Turnaround area, when open to fishing, is open 
\1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (v) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(x) and (g)(2)(iv) 
of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
coot, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
* * * * *
    (x) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for 
flagging or trail markers.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) We allow deer modern firearm hunting on the area south of the 
French Fork of the Little River for 2 days in December with these dates 
being set annually.
* * * * *
    (n) * * *

[[Page 54115]]

    (1) * * *
    (xiv) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for 
flagging or trail markers.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (ii) We only allow fishing within the Coulee Des Grues Bayou from 
the bank adjacent to Little California Road.
* * * * *
    (p) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vii) We restrict the use of the ATV trails that are designated for 
physically challenged persons to individuals who possess a State-issued 
physically challenged program hunter permit or are age 60 or older.
* * * * *
    (xii) We only allow the use of bright eyes or reflective tape for 
flagging or trail markers.
* * * * *
    (q) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) Each person age 18 and older must possess a valid Annual 
Public Use Permit (signed brochure).
* * * * *
    (t) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vi) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and 
opossum when hunting for migratory bird species with firearms and 
archery equipment authorized for use.
    (2) * * *
    (i) We allow nighttime raccoon hunting in alignment with Big Lake 
Wildlife Management Area (WMA).
* * * * *
    (v) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and 
opossum when hunting for upland game species with firearms and archery 
equipment authorized for use.
    (3) * * *
    (xiii) We allow the incidental take of coyote, beaver, raccoon, and 
opossum when hunting for big game species with firearms and archery 
equipment authorized for use.
* * * * *

0
18. Revise Sec.  32.38 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.38  Maine.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, American woodcock, and snipe 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require every hunter to possess and carry a personally 
signed refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 2 hours before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour past legal 
shooting hours.
    (iii) We only allow portable or temporary blinds and decoys that 
must be removed from the refuge following each day's hunt (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter).
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, 
snowshoe hare, red fox, gray and red squirrel, raccoon, skunk, and 
woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii) 
(except for hunters pursuing raccoon at night), and (iv) of this 
section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of black bear, bobcat, 
eastern coyote, moose, and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii) (except 
for hunters pursuing eastern coyote at night), and (iv) of this section 
apply.
    (ii) The hunter must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
    (iii) We allow eastern coyote hunting from October 1 to March 31.
    (iv) We allow tree stands, blinds, and ladders. You must clearly 
label any tree stand, blind, or ladder left on the refuge overnight 
with your hunting license number. You must remove your tree stand(s), 
blind(s), and/or ladder(s) from the refuge on the last day of the 
muzzleloader deer season (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (v) You may hunt black bear, eastern coyote, and white-tailed deer 
during the State archery and firearms deer seasons on the Baring 
Division east of State Route 191.
    (vi) We prohibit use of firearms to hunt bear and coyote during the 
archery deer season on the Baring Division east of Route 191. We 
prohibit the use of firearms, other than a muzzleloader, to hunt coyote 
during the deer muzzleloader season on the Baring Division east of 
Route 191.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to 
\1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
    (b) Petit Manan National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, woodcock, rail, and snipe on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We 
allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (ii) You may hunt coyotes from November 1 to March 31.
    (iii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
    (iv) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
black bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) Petit Manan Point is open only during the State-prescribed 
muzzleloader deer season.
    (ii) We allow black bear hunting during the firearm season for 
white-tailed deer.
    (iii) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour prior to legal 
sunrise and remain on the refuge 1 hour after legal sunset.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting black bear.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (c) Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, coot, woodcock, and snipe on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Prior to entering designated refuge hunting areas, you must 
obtain a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System) and sign and carry the permit at all times.
    (ii) We open designated youth hunting areas to hunters age 15 and 
younger who possess and carry a refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System). Youth hunters must 
be accompanied by an adult age 18 or older. The accompanying adult must 
possess and carry a refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and may also hunt.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iv) We only allow temporary blinds and stands, which you must 
remove at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, quail, 
grouse, fox,

[[Page 54116]]

and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow take of pheasant, quail, and grouse by falconry on 
the refuge during State seasons.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions as set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (iv) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting with shotgun and archery only. We prohibit 
rifles and muzzleloading firearms for hunting.
    (iii) We allow turkey hunting during the fall season only, as 
designated by the State.
    (iv) We allow only archery on those areas of the Little River 
division open to hunting.
    (v) During the State firearm deer season, we only allow hunting of 
fox and coyote with archery or shotgun as incidental take with a refuge 
big game permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife 
Refuge System).
    (vi) We allow hunting from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ 
hour after legal sunset.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ 
hour after legal sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit lead tackle.
    (iii) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
    (d) Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the 
use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour past legal 
shooting hours, except for hunters pursuing raccoons at night.
    (ii) The hunter must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of black bear, bobcat, 
moose, coyote, and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1 hour before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1 hour after legal 
shooting hours, except for hunters pursuing coyotes at night.
    (ii) We allow tree stands, blinds, and ladders. You must clearly 
label tree stands, blinds, or ladders left on the refuge overnight with 
your State hunting license number. You must remove your tree stand(s), 
blind(s), and/or ladder(s) from the refuge on the last day of the 
muzzleloader deer season (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iv) We allow coyote hunting from October 1 to March 31.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit trapping 
fish for use as bait.
    (e) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, snipe, coot, crow, and 
woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox, raccoon, 
woodchuck, squirrel, porcupine, skunk, snowshoe hare, ring-necked 
pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, white-tailed deer, 
coyote, turkey, and moose on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (ii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
    (iii) We allow temporary blinds and tree stands that are clearly 
marked with the owner's State hunting license number. You may erect 
temporary blinds and tree stands no earlier than 14 days prior to the 
hunting season, and you must remove them within 14 days after the 
hunting season (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.

0
19. Revise Sec.  32.39 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.39  Maryland.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose and duck on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must obtain, and possess while hunting, a refuge waterfowl 
hunting permit (signed brochure or printed and signed copy of permit 
from Recreation.gov).
    (ii) Up to three additional hunters may accompany you on your 
reserved unit.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer, 
sika deer, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The general hunt regulations for this paragraph (a)(3) are:
    (A) You must obtain, and possess while hunting, a turkey or deer 
hunting permit (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
    (B) We prohibit organized deer drives unless authorized by the 
refuge manager. We define a ``deer drive'' as an organized or planned 
effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise frighten or cause deer to 
move in the direction of any person(s) who is part of the organized or 
planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
    (C) We prohibit shooting a projectile from a firearm, muzzleloader, 
bow, or crossbow from, down, or across any road that is traveled by 
vehicular traffic.
    (D) We prohibit the use of rimfire or centerfire rifles and all 
handguns, including muzzleloading pistols, for hunting.
    (ii) We do not allow archery deer hunters to hunt within areas 
designated for the youth hunt on designated days.
    (iii) We allow turkey hunt permit holders (printed and signed copy 
of permit from Recreation.gov) to have an assistant, who must remain 
within sight and normal voice contact and abide by the rules set forth 
in the refuge's turkey brochure.
    (iv) We allow youth deer and turkey hunters to hunt on designated 
areas on designated days (youth hunt) if they meet the criteria of a 
``youth hunter'' as governed by State law and possess a turkey or deer 
hunting permit (printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
    (v) For the designated disabled hunt: (A) We require disabled 
hunters to have their America the Beautiful Access pass (OMB Control 
1024-0252) in their

[[Page 54117]]

possession while hunting in disabled areas.
    (B) Disabled hunters may have an assistant, age 18 or older, who 
must remain within sight and normal voice contact while hunting. 
Assistants must possess a printed and signed copy of a permit from 
Recreation.gov and a valid government-issued photo identification.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing and crabbing only from April 1 through 
September 30 from legal sunrise to legal sunset in refuge waters, 
unless otherwise authorized by the refuge manager.
    (ii) We allow fishing and crabbing by boat in the Big Blackwater 
and the Little Blackwater River.
    (b) Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) General hunt regulations for this paragraph (b)(3). (A) You 
must obtain, and possess while hunting, a deer or turkey hunting permit 
(printed and signed copy of permit from Recreation.gov).
    (B) We prohibit shooting a projectile from a firearm, muzzleloader, 
bow, or crossbow from, down, or across any road that is traveled by 
vehicular traffic.
    (C) We prohibit the use of rimfire or centerfire rifles and all 
handguns, including muzzleloading pistols, for hunting.
    (ii) We allow youth deer hunters to hunt on designated areas on 
designated days (youth hunt) if they meet the criteria of a ``youth 
hunter'' as governed by State law and possess a printed and signed copy 
of a permit from Recreation.gov.
    (iii) For the designated disabled hunt: (A) We require disabled 
hunters to have their America the Beautiful Access pass (OMB Control 
1024-0252) in their possession while hunting in disabled areas.
    (B) Disabled hunters may have an assistant who must be age 18 or 
older and remain within sight and normal voice contact. Assistants must 
possess a printed and signed copy of a permit from Recreation.gov and a 
valid government-issued photo identification.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and crabbing in 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing and crabbing from designated shoreline areas 
located at the Ingleside Recreation Area from legal sunrise to legal 
sunset, April 1 through September 30.
    (ii) We allow fishing from designated shoreline areas located at 
the Chester River end of Boxes Point and Duck Inn Trails from legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (c) Patuxent Research Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird hunting. We 
allow hunting of goose, duck, and dove on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require a National Wildlife Refuge System Hunt Application 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System), 
and a signed Statement of Hunter Ethics (FWS Form 3-2516).
    (ii) We prohibit hunting and scouting on Sundays and Federal 
holidays. No hunt-related activities may take place unless the Hunting 
Control Station is open.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iv) We prohibit wading in all impounded waters except for the 
placement and retrieval of decoys.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of gray squirrel, eastern 
cottontail rabbit, and woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at 
paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey and white-tailed 
deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) 
apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require a National Wildlife Refuge System Fishing/Shrimping/
Crabbing/Frogging Application (FWS Form 3-2358).
    (ii) We prohibit the use and/or possession of lead sinkers.

0
20. Amend Sec.  32.40 by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), 
(g), and (h) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.40  Massachusetts.

* * * * *
    (a) Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl and woodcock on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1\1/2\ hours after 
legal shooting hours.
    (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting 
permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge 
System) to hunt on the refuge.
    (iii) You may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the 
opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid 
refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (v) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. 
We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in 
other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the 
hunter.
    (vi) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while 
engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark 
stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all 
stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
    (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, fox, 
coyote, gray squirrel, and cottontail rabbit on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (vi) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) North Unit B, Unit C, and South Unit are archery only.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of handguns or rifles for hunting.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii), 
(v), and (vi), and (2)(ii) through (iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:

[[Page 54118]]

    (i) We allow catch-and-release fishing only.
    (ii) We allow the use of live bait with the exception of any 
amphibians or reptiles (frogs, salamanders, etc.).
    (b) Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1\1/2\ hours after 
legal shooting hours.
    (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting 
permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge 
System) to hunt on the refuge.
    (iii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the 
opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid 
hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife 
Refuge System) while scouting.
    (iv) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. 
We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in 
other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the 
hunter.
    (v) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while 
engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark 
stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all 
stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii), 
(iv), and (vi) of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We allow archery hunting only for upland game.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of whitetail deer, 
turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) 
and (b)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (c) Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to access the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
shooting hours until 1\1/2\ hours after legal shooting hours.
    (ii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the 
opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid 
refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iv) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. 
We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they may assist in 
other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the 
hunter.
    (v) Hunters must clearly label tree stands and ground blinds with 
their State hunting license number.
    (vi) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, raccoon, 
opossum, gray squirrel, quail, pheasant, crow, and ruffed grouse on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (iv), 
and (v), and (c)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (d) Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of migratory waterfowl on designated areas of 
the refuge by boat subject to the following condition: We allow the use 
of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset on 
designated portions of the Monomoy Islands unless otherwise posted.
    (ii) We allow surf fishing from the Morris Island shore 24 hours a 
day.
* * * * *
    (f) Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, woodcock, and Wilson's snipe on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
shooting hours, and they must exit the refuge by 1\1/2\ hours after 
legal shooting hours.
    (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific hunting 
permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge 
System) to hunt on the refuge.
    (iii) Hunters may begin scouting hunting areas 4 weeks prior to the 
opening day of your permitted season. We require possession of a valid 
refuge hunting permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System) while scouting.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (v) Hunters may use temporary tree stands and ground blinds while 
engaged in hunting during the applicable seasons. Hunters must mark 
stands and blinds with their permit number. Hunters must remove all 
stands and blinds within 30 days after the end of the permitted season.
    (vi) One nonhunting companion may accompany each permitted hunter. 
We prohibit nonhunting companions from hunting, but they can assist in 
other means. All companions must carry identification and stay with the 
hunter.
    (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, gray 
squirrel, coyote, fox, and eastern cottontail rabbit on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (vi) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) Hospital Road North Unit and Still River Depot Area are 
archery only.

[[Page 54119]]

    (iv) We prohibit the use of handguns or rifles for hunting.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, and bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (iii), 
(v), and (vi) and (2)(ii) and (iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing in designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (g) Parker River National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, brant, coot, crow, merganser, 
rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters may enter the refuge \1/2\ hour before legal shooting 
hours and must exit the refuge by \1/2\ hour after legal shooting 
hours.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of centerfire rifles and handguns to hunt 
any species.
    (iii) We prohibit shooting across refuge roads and within or into 
administratively closed zones.
    (iv) We prohibit launching motorized boats for scouting purposes 
prior to hunting.
    (v) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (vi) We allow crow hunting only from September 1 through February 
28.
    (vii) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, 
pheasant, cottontail rabbit, hare, gray squirrel, coyote, fox, raccoon, 
and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iii), 
and (v) (with the exception that we prohibit dogs while hunting 
furbearers) of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iii) 
and (g)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on Plum Island subject 
to the following conditions:
    (A) We allow archery, primitive firearms, shotgun, and crossbow (by 
MassWildlife permit only, for certain disabled persons) hunting during 
a designated 2-day hunt on the first Wednesday and Thursday of the 
State shotgun deer season.
    (B) You must have a lottery-issued hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt during this 
2-day time period.
    (iii) We allow hunting of deer and wild turkey in Areas A, B, C, 
and D subject to the following condition: You may take deer using 
archery equipment only.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow saltwater fishing on the ocean beach from legal 
sunrise to legal sunset without a refuge permit.
    (ii) Stage Island is open to fishing from legal sunrise to legal 
sunset.
    (iii) Nelson Island is open to fishing from legal sunrise to legal 
sunset.
    (iv) We allow walk-on night fishing after legal sunset with a valid 
refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2358, National Wildlife Refuge System 
Fishing/Shrimping/Crabbing/Frogging Application; vehicle sticker issued 
by the refuge office).
    (v) We allow anglers to use over-the-sand, surf-fishing vehicles, 
or off-road vehicles (ORVs) with a valid refuge permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and permit 
fee, as determined in an annual lottery.
    (h) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds 
on designated areas subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters may access the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal sunrise 
until 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit access to Third Island between January 1 and June 
30.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iv) Migratory waterfowl hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Upland and big game hunting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions 
set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (h)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit launching of motorboats from the refuge.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of reptiles and amphibians as bait.

0
21. Amend Sec.  32.42 by revising paragraphs (b)(2) introductory text, 
(m)(1)(v), and (o) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.42  Minnesota.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
Hungarian partridge, cottontail and jack rabbit, raccoon, striped 
skunk, gray and fox squirrel, red and gray fox, and wild turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (v) We allow hunting on the Spieker tract in Clay County, as 
governed by applicable State regulations.
* * * * *
    (o) Rydell National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, woodcock, and mourning 
dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We only allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot during the 
special State-administered youth waterfowl season.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is 
under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
    (iii) Hunters must dismantle hunting blinds, platforms, and ladders 
made from natural vegetation at the end of each day.
    (iv) We allow nonmotorized boats in areas open to migratory bird 
hunting during the special State-administered youth waterfowl season.
    (v) We prohibit hunting during the Spring Light Goose Conservation 
Order.
    (vi) We allow the use of wheeled, nonmotorized conveyance devices 
(e.g., bikes, game carts).
    (vii) We prohibit entry onto the refuge earlier than 2 hours before 
legal shooting time, and we require hunters to leave the refuge no 
later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
gray

[[Page 54120]]

(Hungarian) partridge, ruffed grouse, prairie grouse, rabbit 
(cottontail and jack), snowshoe hare, squirrel (fox and gray), and wild 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (o)(1)(ii), (iii), (vi), 
and (vii) of this section apply.
    (ii) You may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot shells (see 
Sec.  32.2(k)) in the field while hunting turkey.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of centerfire, rimfire, or muzzleloading 
rifles, and handguns.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit shooting at a big game animal or a decoy of a big 
game animal on, from, over, across, or within 30 feet (9 meters) of a 
roadway open to public vehicle transportation.
    (ii) We require a State-issued permit to hunt white-tailed deer in 
the Special Permit Area of the refuge.
    (iii) Archery is the only legal weapon for hunting deer, with the 
exception of during the special State-administered mentored youth hunt 
and disabled hunt.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit the taking of any turtle, frog, leech, minnow, 
crayfish, and mussel (clam) species by any method on the refuge (see 
Sec.  27.21 of this chapter).
    (ii) We allow fishing from May 1 through November 1.
* * * * *

0
22. Amend Sec.  32.43 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (2);
0
b. Removing paragraph (b)(4)(i) and (v);
0
c. Redesignating (b)(4)(ii) through (iv) as (b)(4)(i) through (iii);
0
d. Revising paragraphs (c), (e), (f)(2) and (3), (g)(1)(i), (iv), and 
(x), (g)(2), (g)(3)(i) and (v), (g)(4)(iv), (h)(1)(i) and (v), (h)(2), 
(h)(3)(iv) and (vi), (h)(4)(i), (i)(1)(i) and (v), (i)(2), (i)(3)(iv), 
(vi), and (viii), (i)(4)(i), (l), and (m)(1)(i) and (v);
0
e. Adding new paragraph (m)(1)(xi); and
0
f. Revising paragraphs (m)(2)(ii) and (iii), and (m)(3)(i), (iv), (vi), 
and (vii); and
0
g. Adding new paragraph (m)(3)(viii).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.43  Mississippi.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory 
ducks, geese, mergansers, coot, rails, snipe, and woodcock on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a State-issued North 
Mississippi NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the 
Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While 
hunting on the refuge, all persons age 15 and younger (``youth 
hunter'') must be in the presence and under the direct supervision of a 
licensed or exempt hunter age 21 or older. A hunter supervising a youth 
hunter must hold all required licenses and permits.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the 
refuge no later than 12 p.m. (noon).
    (iii) We allow hunting of migratory game birds, including under the 
Light Goose Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and 
Sundays.
    (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report 
(FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the 
dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is 
readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the reverse 
side of the card and deposit it at one of the refuge information 
stations. Include all game harvested, and if you harvest no game, 
report ``0.'' We prohibit hunters possessing more than one Migratory 
Bird Hunt Report at a time.
    (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-
meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory 
game birds.
    (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal 
property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
    (ix) We allow the take of beavers, coyotes, nutria, and feral hog 
during daylight hours only during any open season with weapons and 
ammunition legal for that season.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, and 
rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), (v), 
and (ix) of this section apply.
    (ii) All hunters using shotguns for small game must use approved 
nontoxic shot (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
* * * * *
    (c) Dahomey National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, rail, snipe, 
woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a North Mississippi 
NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the Mississippi Department 
of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While hunting on the refuge, all 
persons age 15 and younger (``youth hunter'') must be in the presence 
and under the direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter at age 
21 or older (``licensed hunter''). A hunter supervising a youth hunter 
must hold all required licenses and permits.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the 
refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset except during raccoon 
and frog hunts.
    (iii) We allow hunting of waterfowl (ducks, teal, mergansers, 
coots, and geese), rail and snipe, including under the Light Goose 
Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays ending 
at 12 p.m. (noon).
    (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report 
(FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the 
dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is 
readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and 
deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game 
harvested, and if you harvest no game, report ``0.'' We prohibit 
hunters possessing more than one Migratory Bird Hunt Report at a time.
    (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-
meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory 
game birds and upland game. We prohibit the use of dogs during big game 
hunts.
    (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal 
property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
    (ix) We allow the take of coyote, beaver, nutria, and feral hog 
incidental to other lawful hunting using legal methods of take.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, 
rabbit, and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) You must possess a valid general Special Use Permit (FWS Form 
3-1383-G) to hunt raccoon on the refuge.

[[Page 54121]]

    (ii) Each hunter must obtain a daily Upland/Small Game/Furbearer 
Report (FWS Form 3-2362). You must display the card in plain view on 
the dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number 
is readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card 
and deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all 
game harvested, and if you harvest no game, report ``0.'' We prohibit 
hunters possessing more than one Upland/Small Game/Furbearer Report at 
a time.
    (iii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (v) 
and (ix) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Each hunter must obtain a daily Big Game Harvest Report (FWS 
Form 3-2359). You must display the card in plain view on the dashboard 
of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is readable. 
Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and deposit it 
at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game harvested, 
and if you harvest no game, report ``0.'' We prohibit hunters 
possessing more than one Big Game Harvest Report at a time.
    (ii) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), (v), 
and (ix) of this section apply.
    (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (iv) We prohibit hunting or shooting across any open, fallow, or 
planted field.
    (v) We allow valid permit holders to possess and hunt from one 
portable stand or blind on the refuge. You must clearly label your 
stand or blind with your State license/sportsmen's identification 
number. Stands left in the area do not reserve the hunting locations. 
You may place stands up to 7 days prior to the hunt, and you must 
remove them within 7 days after the refuge's deer season closes (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit the placement of ground 
blinds within mowed trails.
    (vi) Hunters using a climbing tree stand must use a fall-arrest 
system manufactured to Treestand Manufacturer's Association standards.
    (vii) We prohibit the use of buckshot on the refuge.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit the use or possession of alcoholic beverages while 
fishing.
    (ii) We prohibit possession or use of jugs, seines, nets, hand-grab 
baskets, slat traps/baskets, or any other similar devices.
    (iii) We prohibit commercial fishing of any kind.
    (iv) We only allow trotlines, yo-yos, limb lines, crawfish traps, 
or any other similar devices and only for recreational use. You must 
tag or mark these devices with the angler's State fishing license 
number written with waterproof ink, legibly inscribed or legibly 
stamped on the tag. You must attend these devices a minimum of once 
every 24 hours. When not attended, you must remove these devices from 
the refuge (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (v) We allow frogging and crawfishing.
* * * * *
    (e) Hillside National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, merganser, coot, and dove on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Each person age 16 or older hunting or fishing must possess a 
valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence 
and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 
21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
    (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display 
their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the 
State-issued license number is readable. You must return all cards upon 
completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
    (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during the 
muzzleloader deer and limited draw turkey hunts.
    (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer and turkey hunts only.
    (vi) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter) 
zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, 
designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered 
hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while 
bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind 
with a means to take, within these areas.
    (vii) Hunters must remove all decoys, blind material, and harvested 
waterfowl from the area no later than 1 p.m. each day (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter).
    (viii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving migratory birds.
    (ix) We allow goose, duck, merganser, and coot hunting beginning 
\1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 12 p.m. (noon).
    (x) We do not open for early teal season.
    (xi) We limit waterfowl hunters to 25 shotshells per person in the 
field.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (vi) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, raccoon, and 
quail, and for the February rabbit hunt.
    (iii) Beginning the first day after the deer muzzleloader hunt, we 
prohibit entry into the Turkey Point area until March 1.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (vi) 
and (e)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a ``drive'' as an 
organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
game.
    (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields and 
tree plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 meters (m)) in height must be 
from a stand a minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
    (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and 
requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested 
deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
    (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. 
Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and 
must remove it within 48 hours after each designated

[[Page 54122]]

hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed 
areas where special regulations apply.
    (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery 
equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we 
prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
    (vii) Turkey hunting opportunities will consist of three limited 
draw hunts within the State season time frame. Limited draw hunts 
require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by random computer drawing. 
At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit with information 
concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to return this permit will 
disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the next year.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), 
and (e)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit trotlines, limb lines, jugs, seines, and traps.
    (iii) We allow frogging during the State bullfrog season.
    (iv) We allow fishing in the borrow ponds along the north levee 
throughout the year except during the muzzleloader deer hunt.
    (v) We open all other refuge waters to fishing March 1 through 
November 15.
    (f) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit, opossum, 
coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Each person age 16 or older hunting or fishing must possess a 
valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System)).
    (ii) All youth hunters age 15 and younger must be in the presence 
and direct supervision of a Mississippi licensed or exempt hunter, age 
21 or older. One adult may supervise no more than one youth hunter.
    (iii) Before hunting or fishing, all participants must display 
their Daily Visitor Information/Harvest Report Card (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) in plain view in their vehicle so that the 
required information is readable. You must return all cards upon 
completion of the activity and before leaving the refuge.
    (iv) We prohibit all other public use on the refuge during the 
muzzleloader deer hunt.
    (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer hunts only.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs for hunting during the February 
rabbit hunt.
    (vii) We prohibit hunting or shooting into a 100-foot (30.5-meter 
(m)) zone along either side of pipelines, power line rights-of-way, 
designated roads, and trails, and around parking lots. It is considered 
hunting if you have a loaded weapon, if you have a nocked arrow while 
bow hunting, or if you are in an elevated tree stand or ground blind 
with a means to take, within these areas.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through (iii), 
(v), and (vii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized drives. We define a ``drive'' as an 
organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause game to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
game.
    (iii) Hunting or shooting within or adjacent to open fields or tree 
plantations less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height must be from a stand a 
minimum of 10 feet (3 m) above the ground.
    (iv) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. 
Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and 
must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where 
special regulations apply.
    (v) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery 
equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we 
prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must 
possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
* * * * *
    (iv) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer hunts only.
* * * * *
    (x) We allow hunting during open State seasons. The first 2 days of 
the season and all weekends, with the exception of youth weekends, are 
limited draw hunts. These hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 
3-2439, Hunt Application--National Refuge System) assigned by random 
computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the permit 
with information concerning your hunt. If you fail to return this 
permit, you will not be eligible for any limited hunts the next year.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel and raccoon, and 
for the February rabbit hunt.
    (iii) Beginning the day before waterfowl season, we restrict 
hunting to the waterfowl hunt area.
    (3) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) 
and (g)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (v) Hunters may possess and hunt from only one stand or blind. 
Hunters may place a deer stand or blind 48 hours prior to a hunt and 
must remove it within 48 hours after each designated hunt (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter), with the exception of closed areas where 
special regulations apply.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (iv) We open refuge waters to fishing throughout the year, except 
in the waterfowl sanctuary, which is closed one day prior to the 
beginning of waterfowl season until March 1.
    (h) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must 
possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
* * * * *
    (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer hunts only.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
quail,

[[Page 54123]]

raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i) through (vi) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, quail, and 
raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
    (3) * * *
    (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and 
requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested 
deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
* * * * *
    (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery 
equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we 
prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
    (4) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (h)(1)(i), (iii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must 
possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
* * * * *
    (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer and turkey hunts only.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, rabbit, 
quail, raccoon, opossum, coyote, beaver, bobcat, and nutria on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (vi) 
and (x) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel, quail, and 
raccoon, and for the February rabbit hunt.
    (3) * * *
    (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and 
requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested 
deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
* * * * *
    (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery 
equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we 
prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
* * * * *
    (viii) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 
3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by 
random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the 
permit with information concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to 
return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the 
next year.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), 
and (x) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (l) Tallahatchie River National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, geese, merganser, coot, rail, 
snipe, woodcock, and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) All hunters age 16 and older must possess a North Mississippi 
NWR hunting permit (code 606, available from the Mississippi Department 
of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks). While hunting on the refuge, all 
persons age 15 and younger (``youth hunter'') must be in the presence 
and under the direct supervision of a licensed or exempt hunter age 21 
or older. A hunter supervising a youth hunter must hold all required 
licenses and permits.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge at 4 a.m. and must exit the 
refuge no later than 2 hours after legal sunset except during raccoon 
and frog hunts.
    (iii) We allow hunting of waterfowl (ducks, teal, mergansers, coot, 
and geese), rail, and snipe, including under the Light Goose 
Conservation Order, only on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays ending 
at 12 p.m. (noon).
    (iv) Each hunter must obtain a daily Migratory Bird Hunt Report 
(FWS Form 3-2361). You must display the card in plain view on the 
dashboard of your vehicle so that the State-issued license number is 
readable. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must complete the card and 
deposit it at one of the refuge information stations. Include all game 
harvested, and if you harvest no game, report ``0.'' We prohibit 
hunters possessing more than one Migratory Bird Hunt Report at a time.
    (v) It is unlawful to hunt from or shoot into the 100-foot (30.5-
meter) zone along either side of designated roads and parking lots.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs on the refuge when hunting migratory 
game birds and upland game. We prohibit the use of dogs during big game 
hunts.
    (vii) You must remove decoys, blinds, boats, other personal 
property, and litter from the hunting area following each morning's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (viii) We allow no more than 25 shotshells per person in the field.
    (ix) We allow the take of beavers, coyotes, nutria, and feral hogs 
during daylight hours only during any open season with weapons and 
ammunition legal for that season.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, squirrel, 
rabbit, nutria and raccoon on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i), (ii), (iv) 
(substitute Big Game Harvest Report [FWS Form 3-2359] for Migratory 
Bird Hunt Report [FWS Form 3-2361]), (v), and (ix) of this section 
apply.
    (ii) All hunters using shotguns for small game must use approved 
nontoxic shot (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (l)(1)(i), (ii), and 
(iv) (substitute Big Game Harvest Report [FWS Form 3-2359] for 
Migratory Bird Hunt Report [FWS Form 3-2361]) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit dogs while hunting deer. We allow the use of dogs 
to hunt feral hog during designated hog seasons.
    (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (iv) We prohibit hunting or shooting across any open, fallow, or 
planted field.
    (v) We allow valid permit holders to possess and hunt from one 
portable stand or blind on the refuge. You must permanently and legibly 
write your State hunting license number on all stands on the refuge. 
Stands left on the area do not reserve the hunting locations. You may 
place stands up to 7 days prior to the hunt, and you must remove them 
no more than 7 days after the refuge's deer season closes (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter). Ground blinds may not be placed within mowed 
trails.
    (vi) Hunters using climbing tree stands must use a fall-arrest 
system

[[Page 54124]]

manufactured to Treestand Manufacturer's Association standards.
    (vii) We prohibit the use of buckshot on the refuge.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit the use or possession of alcoholic beverages while 
fishing.
    (ii) We prohibit possession or use of jugs, seines, nets, hand-grab 
baskets, slat traps/baskets, or any other similar devices.
    (iii) We prohibit commercial fishing of any kind.
    (iv) We only allow trotlines, yo-yos, limb lines, crawfish traps, 
or any other similar devices for recreational use. You must tag or mark 
these devices with the angler's State fishing license number written in 
waterproof ink, legibly inscribed or legibly stamped on the tag. You 
must attend these devices a minimum of once every 24 hours. When not 
attended, you must remove them from the refuge (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (v) We prohibit snagging or attempting to snag fish.
    (vi) We allow frogging and crawfishing.
    (m) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Each person age 16 or older who is hunting or fishing must 
possess a valid Theodore Roosevelt Complex Annual Public Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
* * * * *
    (v) Valid permit holders may incidentally take opossum, coyote, 
beaver, bobcat, and nutria in any refuge hunt season with weapons legal 
for that hunt. Valid permit holders may incidentally take feral hog 
during deer hunts only.
* * * * *
    (xi) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by 
random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the 
permit with information concerning that hunt to the refuge. Failure to 
return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the 
next year.
    (2) * * *
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting squirrel and raccoon, and 
for the February rabbit hunt.
    (iii) We allow rabbit hunting on the Brown Tract of Theodore 
Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge that is managed by Yazoo National 
Wildlife Refuge.
    (3) * * *
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (m)(1)(i) through (vi) 
and (xi) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (iv) The refuge brochure provides deer check station locations and 
requirements. Prior to leaving the refuge, you must check all harvested 
deer at the nearest self-service check station (Big Game Harvest 
Report, FWS Form 3-2359) following the posted instructions.
* * * * *
    (vi) During designated muzzleloader hunts, we allow archery 
equipment and muzzleloaders loaded with a single projectile; we 
prohibit breech-loading firearms of any type.
    (vii) Limited draw hunts require a Limited Hunt Permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) assigned by 
random computer drawing. At the end of the hunt, you must return the 
permit with information concerning the hunt to the refuge. Failure to 
return this permit will disqualify the hunter for any limited hunts the 
next year.
    (viii) We allow white-tailed deer hunting on the Brown Tract of 
Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge that is managed by Yazoo 
National Wildlife Refuge.
* * * * *

0
23. Amend Sec.  32.45 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (n)(1)(v);
0
b. Adding paragraph (n)(2);
0
c. Removing paragraph (n)(3)(iv);
0
d. Redesignating paragraphs (n)(3)(v) through (n)(3)(viii) as 
paragraphs (n)(3)(iv) through (n)(3)(vii);
0
e. Revising paragraph (w)(3) introductory text and (w)(3)(iii); and
0
f. Adding paragraph (w)(3)(iv).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.45  Montana.

* * * * *
    (n) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (v) Each hunter must set the appropriate blind selector (metal flip 
tag) before and after hunting.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of turkey on designated 
areas of the refuge.
* * * * *
    (w) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of bear, elk, white-
tailed deer, and mule deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (iii) You may install portable stands and blinds no sooner than 
August 1, and you must remove them by December 15 of each year (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iv) We prohibit hunting of black bear during the State spring 
season.
* * * * *

0
24. Amend Sec.  32.46 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b) and (c);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (d) through (f) as paragraphs (e) through 
(g);
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (d); and
0
d. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (e), (f)(2) and (3), and (g).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.46  Nebraska.

* * * * *
    (b) Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dove, duck, goose, merganser, 
rail, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise 
until 2 hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs.
    (iii) We open the refuge to hunting from September 1 through March 
15.
    (iv) We prohibit publicly organized hunts unless authorized under a 
Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail and jack 
rabbit, coyote, porcupine, prairie dog, State-defined furbearers, ring-
necked pheasant, and prairie grouse on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow electronic calls for coyote and furbearer hunting.
    (iii) Coyotes and all furbearers or their parts, if left in the 
field, must be left at least 50 yards away from any road, trail, or 
building. Otherwise, hunters must remove them from the refuge.
    (iv) Shooting hours are from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 
\1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, mule 
deer, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs 
(b)(1)(i), (iii), and (iv) of this section apply.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Anglers may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and 
remain until 1 hour after legal sunset.
    (ii) We open Blue, Smith, Crane, and Island Lake to fishing year-
round. We close all other refuge lakes to fishing.

[[Page 54125]]

    (iii) We prohibit leaving temporary shelters used for fishing 
overnight on the refuge.
    (c) Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dark goose, dove, duck, light 
goose, rail, snipe, teal, and woodcock on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters and anglers may access the refuge from 2 hours before 
legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We allow access from designated areas of the refuge.
    (iii) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of 
each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting August 1 through April 
30.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of badger, bobcat, 
coyote, fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, opossum, prairie dog, porcupine, 
rabbit, hare, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, woodchuck, State-defined 
furbearers, greater prairie chicken, grouse, partridge, pheasant, 
quail, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (ii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting with muzzleloader, archery, shotgun, and 
falconry.
    (iii) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see 
Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (iv) Shooting hours for coyote, prairie dog, porcupine, woodchuck, 
and State-defined furbearers are \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/
2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and pronghorn 
antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting only with muzzleloader and archery equipment.
    (iii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used 
from August 16 through January 31.
    (iv) We allow muzzleloader deer hunting subject to the following 
condition: Hunters must possess a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and comply with all 
of its terms and conditions.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on Minnechaduza Creek and on 
the Niobrara River, downstream from the Cornell Dam, subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of limb or set lines.
    (iii) We prohibit the take of baitfish, reptiles, and amphibians.
    (iv) We prohibit use or possession of alcoholic beverages while 
fishing on refuge lands and waters.
    (d) John W. and Louise Seier National Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dark 
goose, dove, duck, light goose, merganser, rail, snipe, teal, and 
woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) Hunters may access the refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise 
until 2 hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of 
each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs August 1 through April 31.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of badger, bobcat, 
coyote, fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, opossum, prairie dog, porcupine, 
rabbit, hare, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, woodchuck, State-defined 
furbearers, greater prairie chicken, grouse, partridge, pheasant, 
quail, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see 
Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (iii) Shooting hours for coyote, prairie dog, porcupine, woodchuck, 
and State-defined furbearers are \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/
2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and pronghorn 
antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used 
from August 16 through January 31.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (e) North Platte National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow youth hunting of pheasant, 
porcupine, prairie dog, rabbit, State-defined furbearers, squirrel, 
turkey, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We close the Lake Alice Unit to all public entry from November 
1 through January 14, and we close the Minatare and Winters Creek Units 
to all public entry from October 15 through January 14.
    (ii) Hunters must be 15 years of age or younger (``youth 
hunters''). A licensed hunter 19 years of age or older (``adult 
guide'') must accompany youth hunters. Adult guides must not hunt or 
carry firearms.
    (iii) We close the refuge to public use from legal sunset to legal 
sunrise. Youth hunters and adult guides may enter the designated 
hunting area 1 hour prior to legal sunrise.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs for hunting upland game.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery hunting of mule deer and 
white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We close the refuge to public use from legal sunset to legal 
sunrise. However, archery deer hunters may enter the designated hunting 
area 1 hour prior to legal sunrise and remain until 1 hour after legal 
sunset.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (f) * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district subject to the following condition: The 
conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section 
apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district subject to the following condition: The conditions set 
forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (g) Valentine National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, crow, dove, dark goose, duck, light 
goose, merganser, rail, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunter access from 2 hours before legal sunrise to 2 
hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs.
    (iii) We prohibit shooting from a motor vehicle or across any 
refuge roadway or right-of-way.
    (iv) You must remove all blinds and decoys at the conclusion of 
each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit, 
coyote,

[[Page 54126]]

partridge, prairie chicken, quail, ring-neck pheasant, State-defined 
furbearers, sharp-tailed grouse, squirrel, and turkey on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (iv) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow coyote and State-defined furbearer hunting from 
September 1 to March 31. Shooting hours are \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs to hunt coyotes.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of bait to hunt coyotes.
    (v) You may only possess nontoxic shot when hunting turkey (see 
Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk, white-tailed deer, 
mule deer, and pronghorn antelope on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow portable tree stands and ground blinds to be used 
from August 16 through January 31.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Anglers may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and 
remain 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit the take of reptiles, amphibians, and minnows (see 
Sec.  27.21 of this chapter), with the exception that you may take 
bullfrogs on refuge lakes open to fishing.

0
25. Amend Sec.  32.47 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (c) through (f) as paragraphs (d) through 
(g);
0
b. Adding a new paragraph (c); and
0
c. Revising newly redesignated paragraph (g).
    The addition and revision read as follows:


Sec.  32.47  Nevada.

* * * * *
    (c) Fallon National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, swan, coot, merganser, snipe, 
and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow motorized and nonmotorized boats for hunting.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting game birds.
    (iii) We allow overnight stays while hunting subject to the 
following conditions:
    (A) You may stay overnight only at designated sites within the 
refuge boundary.
    (B) We limit overnight stays to 4 consecutive nights at one 
location, and to 12 consecutive nights on the refuge.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, turkey, 
badger, beaver, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow artificial lighting for hunting coyotes.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and pronghorn 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: 
The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section 
applies.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *
    (g) Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, swan, coot, merganser, snipe, 
and dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting game birds.
    (ii) We allow overnight stays while hunting subject to the 
following conditions:
    (A) You may stay overnight only at designated sites within the 
refuge boundary.
    (B) We limit overnight stays to 4 consecutive nights at one 
location, and to 12 consecutive nights on the refuge.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of quail, rabbit, turkey, 
badger, beaver, and coyote on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) Approved methods of take include shotgun and federally approved 
non-lead shot, bow and arrow, and falconry.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and pronghorn 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Approved methods of take include shotgun, muzzle-loading rifle, 
and bow and arrow.
    (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (4) [Reserved]

0
26. Amend Sec.  32.48 by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(ii), (b), and (c) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  32.48  New Hampshire.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
* * * * *
    (b) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, common 
snipe, and American woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with 
State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, raccoon, 
woodchuck, red squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, porcupine, skunk, crow, 
snowshoe hare, ring-necked pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the 
use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, moose, 
black bear, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following condition: We allow tree stands and blinds that are 
clearly marked with the owner's State hunting license number.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (c) Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, snipe, coot, crow, and 
woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox, raccoon, 
woodchuck, squirrel, porcupine, skunk, snowshoe hare, ring-necked 
pheasant, and ruffed grouse on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, white-tailed deer, 
coyote, wild turkey, and moose on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (ii) Hunters must retrieve all species harvested on the refuge.
    (iii) We allow temporary blinds and tree stands that are clearly 
marked with the owner's State hunting license number. You may erect 
temporary blinds and tree stands no earlier than 14 days prior to the 
hunting season, and you must remove them within 14 days after the 
hunting season (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).

[[Page 54127]]

    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.

0
27. Amend Sec.  32.49 by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c)(3)(iii), 
(d)(1), and (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.49  New Jersey.

* * * * *
    (a) Cape May National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, coot, moorhen, rail, snipe, and 
woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The snipe season on the refuge begins with the start of the 
State early woodcock south zone season and continues through the end of 
the State snipe season.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (iii) We prohibit falconry.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit and squirrel on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) and (iii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow rabbit and squirrel hunting following the end of the 
State's 6-day firearm season for white-tailed deer, until the close of 
the regular rabbit and squirrel season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: Tree stands must be marked with the owner's New Jersey 
Conservation Identification Number.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater sport fishing on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing from 1 hour before legal sunrise to 1 hour 
after legal sunset.
    (ii) We close the Atlantic Ocean beach annually to all access, 
including fishing, between April 1 and September 30.
    (iii) We prohibit fishing for, or possession of, shellfish on 
refuge lands.
    (b) Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, coot, moorhen, and rail on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to possess a signed refuge hunt permit 
(Migratory Bird Hunt Application FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System) at all times while scouting and 
hunting on the refuge.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions 
set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) You must mark deer stands with the hunter's New Jersey 
Conservation Identification Number. You must remove deer stands from 
the refuge at the end of the last day of the hunting season (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of 
lead fishing tackle on the refuge.
    (c) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iii) Hunters may put up tree stands beginning on the first 
scouting day, except on the day of the refuge's youth hunt. Hunters 
must retrieve their stands by 12 p.m. (noon) on the Sunday after the 
last day of the hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). All hunters 
must put their Conservation Identification Number on their stand, and 
they may have only one stand in the field at any one time.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose and duck 
on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: 
We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
* * * * *
    (e) Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters must obtain a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System). We require hunters to 
possess a signed refuge hunt permit at all times while scouting and 
hunting on the refuge.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting 
time and must leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, crow, 
ruffed grouse, opossum, raccoon, pheasant, chukar, rabbit/hare/
jackrabbit, squirrel, and woodchuck on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bear, 
and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) We open Owens Station Crossing for catch-and-release fishing 
only.
    (ii) We allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ 
hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the taking of amphibians and reptiles (see Sec.  
27.21 of this chapter).
    (iv) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.

0
28. Amend Sec.  32.50 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) and (a)(2) introductory text;
0
b. Adding paragraph (a)(2)(iii); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (b).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.50  New Mexico.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) You may hunt only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during 
the period when the State seasons that apply to the Middle Tract area 
are open.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, quail 
(scaled, Gambel's, northern bobwhite, and Montezuma), Eurasian 
collared-dove, desert cottontail, and black-tailed jackrabbit on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (iii) We allow Eurasian collared-dove hunting on the North Tract 
only during the season that is concurrently open for dove hunting 
within the State.
* * * * *

[[Page 54128]]

    (b) Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, white-winged dove, and 
light goose on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow hunting of light goose in the North Special Hunt Area 
on dates to be determined by refuge staff. Hunters must possess a 
permit available through a lottery drawing (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) Hunting hours for mourning and white-winged dove are from \1/
2\ hour before legal sunrise to legal sunset. Hunting hours for light 
goose are from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to 12:00 p.m. (noon) 
Mountain Time.
    (iii) You must remove all spent shells and all other personal 
equipment at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 
of this chapter).
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (v) We prohibit falconry on the refuge.
    (vi) We allow the use of horses and pack stock in support of 
hunting in the East Hunt Unit only.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of scaled, Gambel's, 
northern bobwhite, and Montezuma quail; cottontail rabbit; black-tailed 
jackrabbit; and Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(iv) through (vi) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Hunting hours are from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/
2\ after legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer, javelina, 
oryx, and bearded Rio Grande turkey on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(vi) and 
(b)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting of bearded Rio Grande turkey for youth 
hunters in the North Special Hunt Area and South Special Hunt Area 
during the State-established youth hunt and on weekends April through 
May during the State-established general spring turkey hunt. All 
hunters must fill out FWS Form 3-2439 (Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System) and pay a fee. The permit is available through 
a lottery drawing. If selected, you must carry your refuge hunt permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439) at all times during the hunt.
    (iii) We allow incidental take of feral hog by those legally 
licensed for, and participating in, other big game hunting activities. 
You may take feral hog only with a method allowed within each refuge 
hunt unit. We prohibit the use of dogs for this activity.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing from April 1 through September 30.
    (ii) We allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 
\1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit trotlines, bow fishing, seining, dip netting, and 
traps.
    (iv) We allow frogging for bullfrog on the refuge in areas that are 
open to fishing. We allow the use of hook and line, spears, gigs, and 
archery equipment to take bullfrog.
* * * * *

0
29. Amend Sec.  32.51 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (c) and (d);
0
b. Adding paragraph (f)(3);
0
c. Revising paragraphs (g)(3)(i) and (ii), (i), (j)(3), and (j)(4)(iv).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.51  New York.

* * * * *
    (c) Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, rail, coot, gallinule, 
woodcock, and snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (ii) For hunting of duck, goose, and coot:
    (A) We allow hunting on Saturday of the New York State Youth Days.
    (B) We allow hunting Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during the 
regular waterfowl season, excluding opening day of deer firearms 
season.
    (C) We require proof of successful completion of the New York State 
waterfowl identification course, the Iroquois nonresident waterfowl 
identification course, or a suitable nonresident State waterfowl 
identification course. All hunters must show proof of successful course 
completion each time they hunt.
    (D) We require a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (E) We allow hunting from legal starting time until 12 p.m. (noon). 
We require hunters to return a completed Migratory Bird Hunt Report 
(FWS Form 3-2361) no later than 1 p.m. on the day of the hunt.
    (F) Hunters must remain in designated hunting areas, unless 
actively pursuing downed or crippled birds.
    (iii) For hunting of rail, gallinule, snipe, and woodcock, we allow 
hunting during the State seasons east of Sour Springs Road by all 
hunters, except we close rail, gallinule, snipe and woodcock hunting 
during refuge waterfowl hunt days to hunters without a refuge waterfowl 
permit.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed grouse, gray 
squirrel, cottontail rabbit, pheasant, coyote, fox, raccoon, skunk, and 
opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) For small game hunting:
    (A) We allow hunting from opening day of the State season until the 
last day of February.
    (B) We prohibit the use of raptors to take small game.
    (iii) For furbearer hunting, we prohibit hunting from legal sunset 
to legal sunrise.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We require a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System) for spring turkey hunting.
    (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing and frogging on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing and frogging from legal sunrise to legal 
sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit collecting fish for use as bait.
    (d) Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of waterfowl, Canada goose, snow goose, and 
gallinule on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (ii) For the regular waterfowl season:
    (A) We require daily refuge permits (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and reservations; we 
issue permits to hunters with a reservation for that hunt day. We 
require you to complete and return your permit by the end of the hunt 
day.
    (B) We allow hunting only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays 
during the established refuge season set within the State western zone 
season. We allow a youth waterfowl hunt during New York State's 
established youth waterfowl hunt each year.

[[Page 54129]]

    (C) All hunters with reservations and their hunting companions must 
check-in at the Route 89 Hunter Check Station area at least 1 hour 
before legal shooting time or forfeit their reservation.
    (D) We allow motorless boats to hunt waterfowl. We limit hunters to 
one boat per reservation and one motor vehicle in the hunt area per 
reservation.
    (E) We prohibit shooting from within 500 feet (152.4 meters) of the 
Tschache Pool observation tower.
    (F) We require proof of successful completion of the New York State 
waterfowl identification course, the Montezuma nonresident waterfowl 
identification course, or a suitable nonresident State waterfowl 
identification course. All hunters must show proof of successful course 
completion each time they hunt.
    (G) You may hunt gallinule only during the regular waterfowl 
season.
    (iii) For Canada goose and snow goose hunting:
    (A) We allow hunting of Canada goose during the New York State 
September season and of snow goose during portions of the New York 
State snow goose season and portions of the period covered by the Light 
Goose Conservation Order.
    (B) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System). We require you to 
complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of the hunt 
day.
    (C) For snow goose hunting, hunters may enter the refuge no earlier 
than 4 hours before legal sunrise. For Canada goose hunting, hunters 
may enter the refuge no earlier than 2 hours before legal sunrise.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit and squirrel on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and are required to 
complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of each hunt 
day.
    (iii) We allow upland game hunters to access the refuge from 2 
hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after legal sunset.
    (iv) We require the use of approved nontoxic shot for upland game 
hunting (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) You must possess a valid daily hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System). We require you to 
complete and return the daily hunt permit card by the end of the hunt 
day.
    (iii) We allow white-tailed deer and turkey hunters to access the 
refuge from 2 hours before legal sunrise until 2 hours after the end of 
legal shooting time.
    (iv) We allow youth and special big game hunts during New York 
State's established youth and special big game hunts each year.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow access for fishing from designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the 
use of lead fishing tackle.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow archery hunting on specific days between November 1 
and January 31.
    (ii) Hunters must obtain and possess a refuge-specific permit (FWS 
Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) for 
hunting on the refuge.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) Hunters must purchase and possess a signed refuge hunt permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) at 
all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
    (ii) You may hunt deer using archery equipment only.
* * * * *
    (i) Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters must obtain and possess a signed refuge hunt permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) at 
all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting 
time and leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit/hare, gray/
black/fox squirrel, pheasant, bobwhite quail, ruffed grouse, crow, red/
gray fox, coyote, bobcat, raccoon, skunk, mink, weasel, and opossum on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bear, 
and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (i)(1)(i) and (ii), and 
(i)(2)(ii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open Owens Station Crossing for catch-and-release fishing 
only.
    (ii) We allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ 
hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the taking of amphibians and reptiles.
    (iv) We prohibit minnow/bait trapping.
    (j) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey within designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow archery and shotgun hunting of white-tailed deer 
during specific days between November 1 and January 31.
    (ii) We require a permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--
National Wildlife Refuge System) for hunting on the refuge.
    (iii) Hunters assigned to Unit 5 must hunt from portable tree 
stands and must direct aim away from a public road and/or dwelling.
    (4) * * *
    (iv) We prohibit the taking of baitfish and frogs.

0
30. Amend Sec.  32.52 by revising paragraph (f)(1)(vi), and adding 
paragraph (f)(1)(ix), to read as follows:


Sec.  32.52  North Carolina.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vi) Shooting hours are from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise until 
12 p.m. (noon).
* * * * *

[[Page 54130]]

    (ix) Hunting by youth hunters (age 16 and younger) is subject to 
the following conditions:
    (A) Validly licensed adults, age 21 or older, holding applicable 
permits must accompany and supervise, remaining in sight and voice 
contact at all times, any youth hunters. Each adult may supervise no 
more than two youth hunters.
    (B) Youth hunters must possess and carry evidence of successful 
completion of a State-approved hunter education course.
    (C) We allow hunting on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and 
Saturdays during the late and youth waterfowl State seasons.
* * * * *

0
31. Revise Sec.  32.53 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.53  North Dakota.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Appert Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (b) Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (c) Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of pheasant, sharp-tailed 
grouse, partridge, cottontail rabbit, and fox on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunting of upland game birds on the day following the 
close of the State firearm deer season through the end of the regular 
upland bird season.
    (ii) We allow hunting of cottontail rabbit and fox on the day 
following the close of the State firearm deer season through March 31.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit entering the refuge before legal shooting hours on 
the opening day of firearms deer season. We require all hunters to be 
off the refuge 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (ii) We allow deer hunting on the refuge during the State youth 
deer season.
    (iii) After harvesting a deer, firearm deer hunters must wear blaze 
orange on the refuge.
    (iv) We allow access by foot travel only. You may use a vehicle on 
designated refuge roads and trails to retrieve deer during the 
following times only: 9:30 to 10 a.m.; 1:30 to 2 p.m.; and \1/2\ hour 
after legal sunset for 1 hour.
    (v) We allow temporary tree stands, blinds, and game cameras for 
daily use; you must remove them by the end of each day's hunt (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow boats at idle speed only on Arrowwood Lake and Jim 
Lake from May 1 to September 30 of each year.
    (ii) We allow ice fishing and dark house spearfishing. We allow 
snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility terrain vehicles 
(UTVs), motor vehicles, and fish houses on the ice as conditions allow.
    (iii) You may use and leave fish houses on the ice overnight until 
March 15.
    (d) Arrowwood Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction at the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by legal sunset (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 
of this chapter).
    (e) Audubon National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
gray partridge, and sharp-tailed grouse on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open to upland game hunting annually on the day following 
the close of the regular deer gun season, and we close as governed by 
the State season.
    (ii) We allow game retrieval without a firearm up to 100 yards (90 
meters) inside the refuge boundary fence and closed areas of the 
refuge. Retrieval time may not exceed 10 minutes. You may use dogs to 
assist in retrieval.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed and mule 
deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We close the refuge to hunting during the State's special youth 
deer hunting season.
    (ii) Hunters may use designated refuge roads to retrieve downed 
deer.
    (iii) We allow only portable tree stands. You must remove all tree 
stands at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of 
this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow ice fishing on designated areas of the 
refuge.
    (f) Audubon Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).

[[Page 54131]]

    (g) Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (h) Brumba National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (i) Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (j) Camp Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (k) Canefield Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (l) Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (m) Chase Lake Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following conditions: You must remove 
boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any 
materials brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (n) Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (o) Crosby Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (p) Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (q) Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox, sharp-tailed 
grouse, Hungarian partridge, turkey, and ring-necked pheasant on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open for upland game bird hunting on the day following the 
close of the regular deer gun season through the end of the State 
season.
    (ii) We allow the use of hunting dogs for retrieval of upland game.
    (iii) We allow fox hunting from the day following the regular 
firearm deer season until March 31.
    (iv) We prohibit accessing refuge lands from refuge waters.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer and moose hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:

[[Page 54132]]

    (i) We only allow the use of portable tree stands and ground 
blinds. We prohibit leaving stands and blinds overnight on the refuge 
(see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) We prohibit entry to the refuge before 12 p.m. (noon) on the 
first day of the respective bow, gun, or muzzleloader deer hunting 
seasons.
    (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (q)(2)(iv) of this 
section applies.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (r) Devils Lake Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas 
of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove 
boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any 
materials brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district subject to the following condition: You must 
remove boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any 
materials brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove 
boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any 
materials brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (s) Half Way Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (t) Hiddenwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (u) Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (v) Hutchinson Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (w) J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, and coot on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the 
use of dogs for hunting and retrieving game birds.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ruffed and sharp-
tailed grouse, Hungarian partridge, turkey, ring-necked pheasant, and 
fox on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We open the refuge to hunting for sharp-tailed grouse, 
Hungarian partridge, and ring-necked pheasant north of the Willow-Upham 
road on the day following the close of the regular firearm deer season.
    (ii) We open the refuge to fox hunting on the day following the 
close of the regular firearm deer season. Fox hunting on the refuge 
closes March 31.
    (iii) Hunters may possess only approved nontoxic shot (see Sec.  
32.2(k)) for all upland game hunting, including turkey.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer and moose on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a refuge permit to hunt antlered 
deer on the refuge outside the nine public hunting areas during the 
regular firearms season.
    (ii) We prohibit entry to the refuge before 12 p.m. (noon) on the 
first day of the respective bow, gun, or muzzleloader deer hunting 
seasons. You may access refuge roads open to the public before 12 p.m. 
(noon).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow boat fishing from May 1 through September 30.
    (ii) We allow ice fishing and dark house spearfishing. We allow 
snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility terrain vehicles 
(UTVs), motor vehicles, and fish houses on the ice as conditions allow.
    (x) J. Clark Salyer Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas 
of the district subject to the following condition: You must remove 
boats, decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any 
materials brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (y) Johnson Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]

[[Page 54133]]

    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (z) Kulm Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (aa) Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow motorized boats only during the migratory game bird 
hunting season; however, motors must not exceed 10 horsepower.
    (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, portable blinds, other 
personal property, and any materials brought onto the refuge for blind 
construction by the end of each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 
27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasants, 
sharp-tailed grouse, gray partridge, cottontail rabbit, jackrabbit, 
snowshoe hare, and fox on designated areas of the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer and fox hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit trapping.
    (ii) We allow portable tree stands. Hunters must remove tree stands 
from the refuge by the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow ice fishing on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow vehicles and fish houses on the ice as conditions 
allow.
    (ii) We allow public access for ice fishing from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m.
    (iii) You must remove ice fishing shelters and personal property 
from the refuge by 10 p.m. each day (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of 
this chapter).
    (bb) Lake George National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (cc) Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open the lake to fishing from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. year round.
    (ii) We open the refuge to ice fishing from October 1 through March 
31.
    (dd) Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (ee) Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed and mule 
deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow only portable tree stands.
    (ii) Hunters must remove tree stands from the refuge at the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (4) [Reserved]
    (ff) Lake Otis National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (gg) Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (hh) Lake Zahl National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of sharp-tailed grouse, 
Hungarian partridge, and ring-necked pheasant on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We open to upland game bird hunting on the day following the 
close of the regular deer gun season through the end of the State 
season.
    (ii) We allow the use of hunting dogs to retrieve upland game.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You may only use portable tree stands and ground blinds. We 
prohibit leaving stands and blinds overnight (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (ii) We prohibit entry to the refuge before 12 p.m. (noon) on the 
first day of the respective archery, gun, or muzzleloader deer hunting 
season.
    (4) [Reserved]

[[Page 54134]]

    (ii) Lambs Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (jj) Little Goose Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (kk) Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
sharp-tailed grouse, and grey partridge on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following condition: We open to upland game bird 
hunting annually on the day following the close of the firearm deer 
season through the close of the State season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas 
of the refuge.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We only allow fishing 
from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
    (ll) Long Lake Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (mm) Lords Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (nn) Lost Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (oo) Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of sharp-tailed grouse, 
Hungarian partridge, and ring-necked pheasant on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We allow the use of dogs 
to retrieve upland game.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer and moose hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit 
entry to the refuge before 12 p.m. (noon) on the first day of the 
respective archery, gun, or muzzleloader deer hunting season.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (pp) Lostwood Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day's fishing activity (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (qq) Maple River National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (rr) Pleasant Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (ss) Pretty Rock National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species

[[Page 54135]]

subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (tt) Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (uu) Rock Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (vv) Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (ww) School Section National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (xx) Sheyenne Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by 
the individual landowner.
    (yy) Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (zz) Silver Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (aaa) Slade National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer on designated areas 
of the refuge.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (bbb) Snyder Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (ccc) Springwater National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (ddd) Stewart Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow ice or shore fishing on designated 
areas of the refuge.
    (eee) Stoney Slough National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.

[[Page 54136]]

    (fff) Storm Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (ggg) Sunburst Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (hhh) Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow ring-necked pheasant hunting on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We 
open for upland game hunting on the first Monday following the close of 
the State deer gun season through the close of the State pheasant 
season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer hunting on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow deer bow hunting on designated areas of the refuge as 
governed by State regulations.
    (ii) The deer bow hunting season closes September 30, reopens the 
Friday following the close of the State gun deer season, and continues 
through the end of the State archery deer season.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (iii) Tewaukon Wetland Management District--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
decoys, portable blinds, other personal property, and any materials 
brought onto the area for blind construction by the end of each day's 
hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the district.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the district.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the district subject to the following condition: You must remove boats, 
motor vehicles, fishing equipment, and other personal property 
(excluding ice houses) by the end of each day (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 
27.94 of this chapter).
    (jjj) Tomahawk National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (kkk) Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey, sharp-
tailed grouse, Hungarian partridge, and pheasant on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs for hunting and retrieving of upland 
game birds with the exception of wild turkey.
    (ii) We allow hunters on the refuge from 5 a.m. until 10 p.m.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow deer and moose hunting on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow the use of portable tree stands and ground 
blinds. You must remove stands and blinds from the refuge at the end of 
each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (kkk)(2)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (iii) We prohibit entry to the refuge before 12 p.m. (noon) on the 
first day of the respective bow, gun, or muzzleloader deer hunting 
seasons.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of fishing boats, canoes, kayaks, and float 
tubes in designated boat fishing areas from Lake Darling Dam north to 
State Highway 28 (Greene) crossing for fishing from May 1 through 
September 30.
    (ii) We allow fishing from nonmotorized vessels only on the Beaver 
Lodge Canoe Trail from May 1 through September 30.
    (iii) We allow boating and fishing from vessels on the Souris River 
from Mouse River Park to the north boundary of the refuge from May 1 
through September 30.
    (iv) We allow snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility 
terrain vehicles (UTVs), motor vehicles, and fish houses on the ice as 
conditions allow from Lake Darling Dam north to Carter Dam (Dam 41) for 
ice fishing.
    (v) We allow you to place fish houses overnight on the ice of Lake 
Darling as governed by State regulations.
    (vi) We allow anglers to place portable fish houses on the Souris 
River north of Carter Dam (Dam 41) and south of Lake Darling Dam for 
ice fishing, but anglers must remove the fish houses from the refuge at 
the end of each day's fishing activity (see Sec.  27.93 of this 
chapter).
    (vii) We allow anglers on the refuge from 5 a.m. until 10 p.m.
    (lll) Wild Rice National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (mmm) Willow Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.

[[Page 54137]]

    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (nnn) Wintering River National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.
    (ooo) Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined 
species subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of all State-defined species 
subject to the following condition: Access is controlled by the 
individual landowner.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Access is controlled by the individual landowner.
    (ii) We prohibit boats during the regular North Dakota waterfowl 
season.

0
32. Amend Sec.  32.54 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (b)(1) introductory text;
0
b. Adding paragraphs (b)(2)(iii) and (iv); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(C).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.54  Ohio.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
rail, gallinule, coot, dove, woodcock, crow, and snipe on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) We prohibit hunting or shooting within 150 feet (45.7 meters) 
of any structure, building, or parking lot.
    (iv) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic 
shot shells (see Sec.  32.2(k)) while in the field.
    (3) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (C) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(2)(iv) applies while 
turkey hunting.
* * * * *

0
33. Amend Sec.  32.55 by revising paragraphs (g)(4)(ii) and (vii) 
through (x) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.55  Oklahoma.

* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (ii) Anglers may use boats from March 1 through September 30 in 
designated waters unless otherwise specified on the fishing tearsheet.
* * * * *
    (vii) Anglers may fish after legal sunset from a boat (during 
boating season) in the Cumberland Pool, except in the sanctuary zones. 
Anglers may fish after legal sunset at the headquarters boat ramp area, 
Goose Pen Pond, Sandy Creek Bridge, Murray 23, and Nida Point.
    (viii) We allow bowfishing in Pennington Creek and the Washita 
River during daylight hours.
    (ix) We prohibit the take of fish by use of hands (noodling).
    (x) We prohibit the take of frog, turtle, or mussel (see Sec.  
27.21 of this chapter).
* * * * *

0
34. Amend Sec.  32.56 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (f) and (n)(1) introductory text;
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (t) as paragraph (u); and
0
c. Adding new paragraph (t).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  32.56  Oregon.

* * * * *
    (f) Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow only portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed 
of synthetic or nonliving natural materials.
    (ii) We prohibit digging of pit blinds for waterfowl hunting.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of chukar and California 
quail on designated areas of the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, antelope, and 
bighorn sheep on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We allow only portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed 
of synthetic or nonliving natural materials.
    (ii) We allow ground blinds, but we prohibit construction of them 
earlier than 1 week prior to the opening day of the legal season for 
which you have a valid permit.
    (iii) You must remove blinds within 24 hours of harvesting an 
animal or at the end of the permittee's legal season (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter).
    (iv) We limit hunters to one blind each, and you must tag blinds 
with the owner's State license or permit number.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the 
refuge.
* * * * *
    (n) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
* * * * *
    (t) Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, and coot on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow hunting on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays during 
the State waterfowl season.
    (ii) The hunt area is open for access 2 hours before and after 
legal shooting hours.
    (iii) All hunters must hunt from designated blinds except to 
retrieve downed birds. We prohibit hunting from levees.
    (iv) We allow a maximum occupancy of four persons per blind.
    (v) Disabled hunters must possess an Oregon Disabilities Hunting 
and Fishing Permit issued by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 
to qualify for preference in using the ADA Accessibility Guidelines 
blind or Federal Access pass.
    (vi) You must remove decoys, other personal property, and trash 
(including empty shotgun hulls) from the refuge at the end of each 
day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (vii) We allow the use of dogs for retrieving waterfowl.
    (viii) Hunters must submit a Migratory Bird Hunt Report (FWS Form 
3-2361) at the end of each day's hunt.
    (2)-(4) [Reserved]
* * * * *

0
35. Amend Sec.  32.57 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a);
0
b. Adding paragraphs (b)(1)(iv) and (b)(2)(iii); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (b)(4)(iv), (c)(3), and (c)(4)(iv).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.57  Pennsylvania.

* * * * *
    (a) Cherry Valley National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird

[[Page 54138]]

hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters must obtain and possess a signed refuge hunt permit 
(FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) at 
all times while scouting and hunting on the refuge.
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal shooting 
time and must leave no later than 2 hours after legal shooting time.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, grouse, 
rabbit, pheasant, quail, woodchuck, crow, fox, raccoon, opossum, skunk, 
weasel, coyote, and bobcat on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and 
(iii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, bear, 
and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) The Cherry Creek section located on the former Cherry Valley 
Golf Course is open for catch-and-release fishing. Anglers at this 
location must:
    (A) Obtain a day-use fishing permit (signed brochure). A maximum of 
three anglers per day may share the same permit; and
    (B) Use only artificial lures and barbless hooks to fish.
    (ii) We allow fishing from \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ 
hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We allow only nonmotorized or electric-motor boats in 
designated areas.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of eel chutes, eelpots, and fyke nets.
    (v) We prohibit trapping fish for use as bait.
    (vi) We prohibit the take, collection, capture, killing, and 
possession of any reptile or amphibian on the refuge.
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) * * *
    (iii) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this 
section applies.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (iv) We prohibit the taking or possession of shellfish on the 
refuge.
    (c) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow archery-only hunting of white-tailed 
deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: Hunters must possess a refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-2439, 
Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (4) * * *
    (iv) We prohibit the take, collection, or capture of any reptile or 
amphibian on the refuge.
* * * * *

0
36. Revise Sec.  32.58 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.58  Rhode Island.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Block Island National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, merganser, and coot on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge hunting 
brochure valid for the current season.
    (ii) We only allow portable or temporary blinds, and decoys must be 
removed from the refuge following each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of 
this chapter).
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations. 
Dogs must be under direct control of the hunter at all times.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge hunting 
brochure valid for the current season.
    (ii) We only allow portable or temporary stands and blinds that 
must be removed from the refuge on the last day of the deer hunt (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). Stands and blinds must be marked with the 
hunter's State hunting license number.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing from refuge 
shorelines.
    (b) John H. Chafee National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, and coot on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge 
migratory game bird hunting brochure valid for the current season.
    (ii) We only allow portable or temporary blinds and decoys that 
must be removed from the refuge following each day's hunt (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote and fox on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We 
only allow the incidental take of coyote and fox during the refuge deer 
hunting season with a signed refuge hunting brochure valid for the 
current season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We require every hunter to possess and carry a personally 
signed refuge hunting brochure valid for the current season.
    (ii) We only allow portable or temporary stands and blinds that 
must be removed from the refuge on the last day of the deer hunt (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit permanent tree stands. Stands 
and blinds must be marked with the hunter's State hunting license 
number.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing in designated areas 
of the refuge.
    (c) Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote and fox on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We 
only allow the incidental take of coyote and fox during the refuge deer 
hunting season. We require hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge 
hunting brochure valid for the current season.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to possess and carry a signed refuge hunting 
brochure valid for the current season.
    (ii) We only allow portable or temporary stands and blinds that 
must be removed from the refuge on the last day of the deer hunt (see 
Sec.  27.93 of this chapter). We prohibit permanent tree stands. Stands 
and blinds must be marked with the hunter's State hunting license 
number.

[[Page 54139]]

    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing from refuge 
shorelines.
    (d) Sachuest Point National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of fox and coyote on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: We 
only allow the incidental take of fox and coyote during limited, 
periodic hunts with a signed hunt application (see paragraph (d)(3)(i) 
of this section).
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require every hunter to possess and carry a personally 
signed hunt application (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National 
Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) We only allow hunting of big game during limited, periodic 
hunts.
    (iii) We only allow portable tree stands and blinds. You must 
clearly label any tree stand or blind left on the refuge overnight with 
your refuge permit number. You must remove your tree stand(s) and/or 
blind(s) from the refuge on the last day of the refuge-authorized deer 
hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Anglers may only saltwater fish at Sachuest Beach shoreline 
from September 16 through March 31.
    (ii) Anglers may night-fish after legal sunset with a refuge permit 
(FWS Form 3-2358, National Wildlife Refuge System Fishing/Shrimping/
Crabbing/Frogging Application).
    (e) Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, merganser, coot, and mourning 
dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2)-(3) [Reserved]
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow saltwater fishing on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following condition: Anglers may saltwater 
fish from September 16 through March 31.

0
37. Amend Sec.  32.59 by revising paragraph (b)(3) introductory text to 
read as follows:


Sec.  32.59  South Carolina.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, 
turkey, coyote, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
* * * * *

0
38. Amend Sec.  32.60 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  32.60  South Dakota.

* * * * *
    (b) LaCreek National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow the hunting of goose, duck, coot, common snipe, 
sandhill crane, crow, and mourning dove on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) Hunters may enter the refuge 2 hours before legal sunrise and 
remain no longer than 2 hours after legal sunset. We allow access from 
refuge parking areas, adjacent public lands, and adjacent private lands 
enrolled in public access programs.
    (ii) We allow the use of motorized boats for hunting and game 
retrieval on the Little White River Recreation Area. We allow the use 
of manual powered boats for hunting and game retrieval on all waters 
within open hunt areas and the use of boats with electric motors on 
Pool #10.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs.
    (iv) We prohibit shooting from or over refuge roads and parking 
areas.
    (v) We prohibit hunting light geese during the spring conservation 
order.
    (vi) For crow hunting, we prohibit hunting with rifles and hunting 
during the spring season.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow the hunting of bobcat, coyote, 
fox, cottontail rabbit, mountain lion, prairie chicken, ring-necked 
pheasant, and sharp-tailed grouse on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), and 
(iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow access for bobcat, coyote, fox, and mountain lion 
hunting January 1 through February 15, and hunting hours are from \1/2\ 
hour before legal sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of dogs when hunting bobcat, coyote, fox, 
and mountain lion. We allow the use of dogs while hunting other upland 
game.
    (iv) Coyotes and all furbearers or their parts, if left in the 
field, must be left at least 50 yards away from any road, trail, or 
building. Otherwise, hunters must remove them from the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed and mule 
deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) Hunters may leave portable tree stands and free-standing 
elevated platforms on the refuge from August 25 through February 15. 
Hunters must remove all other personal property by the end of each 
day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We close the refuge to archery hunting during refuge firearm 
seasons.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We prohibit the use or possession of live minnows or bait fish 
in Pools 3, 4, 7, and 10 and the Cedar Creek Trout Ponds.
    (ii) We open designated fishing areas from \1/2\ hour before legal 
sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset, except the Little White River 
Recreation Area.
* * * * *

0
39. Amend Sec.  32.61 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (g)(1) introductory text, (g)(1)(v) and (vi), 
(g)(2), and (g)(3)(i);
0
b. Removing paragraph (g)(3)(ii);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (g)(3)(iii) and (iv) as paragraphs 
(g)(3)(ii) and (iii), respectively; and
0
d. Revising paragraph (g)(4)(i).
    The revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.61  Tennessee.

* * * * *
    (g) Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of Canada goose, dove, and crow on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
* * * * *
    (v) Youth hunters age 16 and younger must be accompanied by an 
adult 21 years old or older who has a refuge hunting permit on his or 
her person. The adult must remain in a position to take immediate 
control of the hunting device.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs for migratory bird, squirrel, 
raccoon, and opossum hunting.
* * * * *
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of squirrel, coyote, 
beaver, raccoon, and opossum on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vi) 
and (viii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting for raccoon and opossum from legal sunset to 
legal sunrise.
    (3) * * *

[[Page 54140]]

    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) 
and (viii) of this section apply.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (i) We allow fishing in Swamp Creek, Sulphur Well Bay, and Bennetts 
Creek from March 16 through November 14. We open the remainder of the 
refuge portion of Kentucky Lake to fishing year-round. We allow bank 
fishing year-round along Refuge Lane from the New Johnsonville Pump 
Station.
* * * * *

0
40. Amend Sec.  32.62 by revising paragraphs (f), (i), and (j) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  32.62  Texas.

* * * * *
    (f) Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of mourning dove, white-winged dove, and 
Eurasian collared-dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to obtain a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-
1383-G).
    (ii) Hunters age 17 and younger (``youth hunters'') must be under 
the direct supervision of an adult age 18 or older (``adult 
supervisor'').
    (iii) We limit hunting to no more than 6 days with a maximum of 12 
hunters, during the concurrent pheasant/quail season as governed by the 
State of Texas hunting season.
    (iv) Hunting hours will be from 30 minutes before legal sunrise 
until noon.
    (v) All hunters must check in and out at refuge headquarters.
    (vi) Bag limits will be determined annually for each species, but 
will never exceed the limits set by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 
(TPWD).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of ring-necked pheasant, 
northern bobwhite, and scaled quail on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(ii), (iii), and 
(v) of this section apply.
    (ii) Hunting hours will be from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
    (iii) We allow only shotguns for pheasant and quail hunting.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, mule 
deer, and feral hog on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) After legal sunset, hunters may be in designated camping areas 
only. We prohibit hunters in all other areas of the refuge after legal 
sunset.
    (iii) During the youth hunt, each adult supervisor may supervise 
only one youth hunter. A youth hunter may have up to two adult 
supervisors.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *
    (i) Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral 
hog, nilgai antelope, other exotic ungulates, and American alligator on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the incidental take of nilgai antelope, feral hog, and 
other rarely observed exotic ungulates (such as fallow deer, axis deer, 
sika deer, Barbary sheep, and black buck) during all refuge hunts, with 
the exception of American alligator hunts.
    (ii) We require hunters to attend refuge hunter orientation before 
hunting on the refuge. We require each hunter to obtain and carry with 
them a signed and dated hunt information tearsheet (name only) in 
addition to the State hunt permit.
    (iii) Bag limits for species hunted on the refuge are provided in 
the refuge hunt tearsheet annually.
    (iv) Each hunter age 17 and younger must be under the direct 
supervision of an adult age 18 or older.
    (v) We allow a scouting period prior to the commencement of each 
refuge hunt period. A permitted hunter and a limit of two non-permitted 
individuals may enter the hunt units during the scouting period, which 
begins after hunter orientation and ends at legal sunset. Each hunter 
must clearly display a Vehicle Validation Tag face up on the vehicle 
dashboard when scouting and hunting.
    (vi) We allow hunters to enter the refuge 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
sunrise during their permitted hunt periods. Hunters must leave the 
hunt units no later than 1 hour after State legal shooting hours.
    (vii) Hunters may access hunt units only by foot or bicycle.
    (viii) We allow hunting from portable stands or by stalking and 
still hunting. There is a limit of one blind or stand per permitted 
hunter. Hunters must attach hunter identification (permit number or 
State license number) to the blind or stand. Hunters must remove all 
blinds and stands at the end of the permitted hunt period (see Sec.  
27.93 of this chapter).
    (ix) During American alligator hunts, we allow hunters to leave 
hooks set over only one night period at a time; set lines must be 
checked daily. Hunters must field dress all harvested big game in the 
field and check the game at the hunt check station before removal from 
the refuge. Hunters may use a nonmotorized cart to assist with the 
transportation of harvested game animals.
    (x) Hunters must field dress all harvested big game in the field 
and check the game at the hunt check station before removal from the 
refuge. Hunters may use a nonmotorized cart to assist with the 
transportation of harvested game animals.
    (xi) We prohibit the killing or wounding of a game animal and then 
intentionally or knowingly failing to make a reasonable effort to 
retrieve and include it in the hunter's bag limit.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing and crabbing on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing and crabbing year-round only from Adolph 
Thomae Jr. County Park, on San Martin Lake of the Bahia Grande Unit, 
and on the South Padre Island Unit.
    (ii) We allow only pole and line, rod and reel, hand line, dip net, 
or cast net for fishing. We prohibit the use of crab traps or pots for 
crabbing. Anglers must attend all fishing lines, crabbing equipment, 
and other fishing devices at all times.
    (iii) In the Bahia Grande Unit, inside the refuge boundary on San 
Martin Lake, we allow only bank and wade fishing within a designated 
area, which may only be accessed on foot. In other waters of the Bahia 
Grande Unit, we do not allow boats or fishing inside the refuge 
boundary.
    (j) Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory 
game bird hunting. We allow hunting of mourning, white-winged, and 
white-tipped dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We require hunters to obtain a hunt permit (signed brochure) 
and to possess and carry that permit at all times during your 
designated hunt period. Hunters must also display the vehicle placard 
(part of the hunt permit) while participating in the designated hunt 
period.
    (ii) Hunters age 17 and younger must be under the direct 
supervision of an adult age 18 or older.
    (iii) You may access the refuge during your permitted hunt period 
from 1 hour before legal hunt time to 1 hour after legal hunt time. You 
must only hunt during legal hunt hours.
    (iv) We restrict hunt participants to those listed on the refuge 
hunt permit (hunter, non-hunting chaperone, and non-hunting assistant).

[[Page 54141]]

    (v) We allow hunters to use bicycles on designated routes of 
travel.
    (vi) We allow the use of dogs to retrieve doves during the hunt.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (v) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow turkey hunting during the spring season only.
    (iii) You may only harvest one bearded turkey per hunter.
    (iv) We prohibit the killing, wounding, taking, or possession of 
game animals and then intentionally or knowingly failing to make a 
reasonable effort to retrieve or keep the edible portions of the animal 
and include it in your bag limit.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, feral 
hog, nilgai antelope, javelina, and other exotic ungulates (as defined 
by the State of Texas to include fallow deer, axis deer, sika deer, 
Barbary sheep, and black buck) on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (j)(1)(i) through (v) 
and (2)(iv) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow only free-standing blinds or tripods. Hunters may set 
them up during the scouting days preceding each permitted hunt day and 
must take them down by the end of each hunt day (see Sec.  27.93 of 
this chapter). Hunters must mark and tag all stands with their hunting 
license number during the period of use.
    (iii) Hunters must field-dress all harvested big game in the field.
    (iv) Hunters may use nonmotorized dollies or carts off of improved 
roads or trails to haul carcasses to a parking area.
    (v) We prohibit the use of big game decoys.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *

0
41. Amend Sec.  32.63 by:
0
a. Removing paragraph (a)(1)(iii);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) through (vi) as paragraphs 
(a)(1)(iii) through (v); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (b).
    The revision reads as follows:


Sec.  32.63  Utah.

* * * * *
    (b) Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of coot, duck, goose, mourning dove, and 
snipe on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (ii) You may construct temporary blinds. You must remove all blinds 
constructed out of materials other than vegetation at the end of each 
day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (iii) We allow the use of small boats (15 feet or less) when 
hunting. We prohibit gasoline motors and air boats.
    (iv) You may enter the refuge 2 hours prior to legal sunrise and 
must exit the refuge by 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (v) You must remove decoys, boats, vehicles, and other personal 
property from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec.  27.93 
of this chapter).
    (vi) We have a special blind area for use by disabled hunters. We 
prohibit trespass for any reason by any individual not registered to 
use that area.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of chukar, desert rabbit, 
and mountain rabbit on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We close to hunting on January 31.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of mule deer and pronghorn 
antelope on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: We only allow archery equipment when hunting big game.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *

0
42. Amend Sec.  32.64 by adding paragraphs (a)(1)(vii) and (a)(2)(v), 
and revising paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(A) and (b), to read as follows:


Sec.  32.64  Vermont.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vii) In all hunting areas, we allow the use of dogs consistent 
with State regulations.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (v) The condition set forth at paragraph (a)(1)(vii) of this 
section applies.
* * * * *
    (4) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) We close the following areas: Goose Bay, Saxes Creek and 
Pothole, Metcalfe Island Pothole, Long Marsh Channel, and Clark Marsh.
* * * * *
    (b) Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, crow, and 
American woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We allow disabled hunters to hunt from a vehicle that is at 
least 10 feet from the traveled portion of the refuge road if the 
hunter possesses a State-issued disabled hunting license and a Special 
Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the refuge manager.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of coyote, fox, raccoon, 
bobcat, woodchuck, red squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, porcupine, 
skunk, snowshoe hare, eastern cottontail, and ruffed grouse on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) Shooting from, over, or within 10 feet of the traveled portion 
of any gravel road is prohibited.
    (iii) We require hunters hunting at night to possess a Special Use 
Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) issued by the refuge manager.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer, moose, 
black bear, and wild turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject 
to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) You may use portable tree stands and/or blinds. You must 
clearly label your tree stands and/or blinds with your hunting license 
number.
    (iii) You may retrieve moose at the Nulhegan Basin Division with 
the use of a commercial moose hauler, if the hauler possesses a Special 
Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-C) issued by the refuge manager.
    (4) [Reserved]

0
43. Amend Sec.  32.65 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a)(3)(iii);
0
b. Adding paragraph (a)(3)(v);
0
c. Revising paragraph (b)(1)(i);
0
d. Adding paragraphs (b)(1)(iv);
0
e. Revising paragraph (b)(3)(i);
0
f. Adding paragraph (b)(3)(v);
0
g. Revising paragraph (c)(3)(i);
0
h. Adding paragraph (c)(3)(vi);
0
i. Revising paragraphs (d), (e)(3), and (e)(4)(ii);
0
j. Adding paragraph (f)(3)(v);
0
k. Revising paragraphs (h) and (i);
0
l. Adding paragraph (j)(3)(v);
0
m. Revising paragraphs (k)(3), (k)(4)(iv), and (l)(3)(i); and
0
n. Adding paragraph (l)(3)(v).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  32.65  Virginia.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (3) * * *

[[Page 54142]]

    (iii) We prohibit retrieval of wounded game from a ``No Hunting 
Area'' or ``Safety Zone'' without the consent of the refuge employee on 
duty at the check station.
* * * * *
    (v) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) You must obtain and possess a signed refuge hunt permit (FWS 
Form 3-2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) while 
hunting on the refuge.
* * * * *
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) We allow holders of a signed refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) to access 
areas of the refuge typically closed to the nonhunting public. All 
occupants of a vehicle or hunt party must possess a refuge hunt permit 
and be actively engaged in hunting. We allow an exception for those 
persons aiding a disabled person who possesses a valid State-issued 
Commonwealth of Virginia Disabled Resident Lifetime License or 
Commonwealth of Virginia Resident Disabled Veteran's Lifetime License.
* * * * *
    (v) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer and sika.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) We allow holders of a signed refuge hunt permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) to access 
areas of the refuge typically closed to the nonhunting public. All 
occupants of a vehicle or hunt party must possess a refuge hunt permit 
and be actively engaged in hunting. We allow an exception for those 
persons aiding a disabled person who possesses a valid State-issued 
Commonwealth of Virginia Disabled Resident Lifetime License or 
Commonwealth of Virginia Resident Disabled Veteran's Lifetime License.
* * * * *
    (vi) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
* * * * *
    (d) Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) 
[Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a signed refuge permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) We only allow shotguns with slugs during the firearm season.
    (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting deer.
    (v) Hunters must certify and qualify weapons and ammunition at a 
refuge-approved range and view the refuge orientation session online 
prior to issuance of a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (4) [Reserved]
    (e) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
bear on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a signed refuge permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer and bear.
    (4) * * *
    (ii) We prohibit bank fishing on the refuge, with the exception 
noted in paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (v) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
* * * * *
    (h) Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (1)-(2) [Reserved]
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must possess and carry a signed refuge permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) and be 
selected in the refuge lottery to hunt.
    (ii) We only allow shotguns with slugs during the firearm season.
    (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (iv) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting deer.
    (v) Hunters must certify and qualify weapons and ammunition at a 
refuge-approved range and view the refuge orientation session online 
prior to issuance of a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (4) [Reserved]
    (i) Plum Tree Island National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory waterfowl, gallinule, and 
coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We require migratory game bird hunters to obtain and carry a 
permit through a lottery administered by the Virginia Department of 
Game and Inland Fisheries.
    (ii) You must hunt from a blind, as assigned by the hunting permit.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2)-(4) [Reserved]
    (j) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (v) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require big game hunters to obtain a permit (FWS Form 3-
2439, Hunt Application--National Wildlife Refuge System).
    (ii) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
    (4) * * *
    (iv) We prohibit the use of lead fishing tackle in freshwater 
ponds, including Wilna Pond and Laurel Grove Pond.
* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) You must obtain and carry a signed refuge big game hunt 
brochure while hunting.
* * * * *
    (v) We prohibit the use of pursuit dogs while hunting white-tailed 
deer.
* * * * *

0
44. Amend Sec.  32.66 by revising paragraph (l)(1) and (n) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  32.66  Washington.

* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of duck, goose, 
and coot on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:

[[Page 54143]]

    (i) We allow hunting during the State youth season in September.
    (ii) We allow hunting from the beginning of the regular waterfowl 
seasons through November 30 by youths (younger than age 16) on Saturday 
and Sunday only. An adult, age 18 or older, must accompany and 
supervise youth hunters. We allow the supervising adult(s) to hunt.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (iv) Hunters may access the refuge no earlier than 2 hours before 
legal hunting hours and must leave no later than 1 hour after legal 
hunting hours.
    (v) Hunters may hunt only from within 50 yards of posted hunting 
sites.
    (vi) Hunting parties are restricted to a maximum of two youths and 
two accompanying adults per hunting site.
    (vii) We allow the use of nonmotorized boats for hunting.
    (viii) We only allow the use of portable blinds and temporary 
blinds constructed of manmade materials.
    (ix) Hunters must remove all blinds, decoys, and other personal 
equipment from the refuge at the end of each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  
27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (x) We allow migratory game bird hunting with shotguns only.
* * * * *
    (n) Willapa National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, and snipe on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) In the designated goose hunt area in the Riekkola Unit, hunters 
may take ducks, coots, and snipe only incidental to hunting geese.
    (ii) We open the refuge for hunting access from 1\1/2\ hours before 
legal sunrise until 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (iv) You must remove all personal property, including decoys and 
boats, by 1 hour after legal sunset (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of 
this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of forest grouse (sooty 
and ruffed) on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) We allow archery hunting only.
    (ii) The condition set forth at paragraph (n)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of deer, elk, and bear on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) At Long Island, we allow only archery hunting; we prohibit 
hunting firearms.
    (ii) We prohibit bear hunting on any portion of the refuge except 
Long Island.
    (iii) We prohibit the use of centerfire or rimfire rifles within 
the Lewis, Porter Point, and Riekkola Units.
    (iv) The condition set forth at paragraph (n)(1)(ii) of this 
section applies.
    (v) You may leave your tree stand(s) in place for 3 days. You must 
label your tree stand(s) with your hunting license number and the date 
you set up the stand. You may set up stands 1\1/2\ hours before legal 
sunrise. You must remove your tree stand(s) and all other personal 
property from the refuge by 1\1/2\ hours after legal sunset on the 
third day (see Sec.  27.93 of this chapter).
    (vi) At Leadbetter Point, we allow hunting of elk only during the 
State early muzzleloader season, and by special permit in consultation 
with the State.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.

0
45. Revise Sec.  32.67 to read as follows:


Sec.  32.67  West Virginia.

    The following refuge units are open for hunting and/or fishing as 
governed by applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional refuge-specific regulations.
    (a) Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, rail, coot, gallinule, 
mourning dove, snipe, and woodcock on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require each hunter to possess and carry a signed refuge 
hunting brochure (signed brochure).
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and 
must exit the refuge, including parking areas, no later than 1 hour 
after legal sunset.
    (iii) We prohibit overnight parking except by Special Use Permit 
(FWS Form 3-1383-G) on Forest Road 80.
    (iv) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (v) We prohibit dog training except during legal hunting seasons.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow the hunting of ruffed grouse, 
squirrel, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, red fox, gray fox, bobcat, 
woodchuck, coyote, opossum, striped skunk, and raccoon on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (iv) and (v) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) You may hunt coyote, raccoon, opossum, skunk, and fox at 
night, but you must obtain a Special Use Permit (FWS Form 3-1383-G) at 
the refuge headquarters before hunting.
    (iii) We only allow hunting in the No Rifle Zones with the 
following equipment: Archery (including crossbow), shotgun, or 
muzzleloader.
    (iv) We prohibit the hunting of upland game species from March 1 
through August 31.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow the hunting of white-tailed deer, 
black bear, and turkey on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (iv) and 
(a)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs for hunting black bear during the gun 
season.
    (iii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the use of 
lead fishing tackle on designated areas of the refuge.
    (b) Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We require each hunter to possess and carry a signed refuge 
hunting brochure (signed brochure).
    (ii) Hunters may enter the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise and 
must exit the refuge, including parking areas, no later than 1 hour 
after legal sunset.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs consistent with State regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of upland game on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The 
conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this 
section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of big game on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the

[[Page 54144]]

organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow fishing from 1 hour before legal sunrise until 1 hour 
after legal sunset. This restriction does not apply to off-shore 
fishing.
    (ii) We prohibit trotlines (setlines) and turtle lines.

0
46. Amend Sec.  32.68 by revising paragraphs (c) and (d) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  32.68  Wisconsin.

* * * * *
    (c) Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of migratory game birds on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following condition: You must remove all 
boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, stands, platforms, and other 
hunting equipment (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter) 
brought onto the refuge at the end of each day's hunt.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game and turkey hunting on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot 
shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild 
turkey (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, 
stands, platforms, and other hunting equipment (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 
and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each 
day's hunt.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must remove all boats, decoys, blinds, blind materials, 
stands, platforms, and other hunting equipment (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 
and 27.94 of this chapter) brought onto the refuge at the end of each 
day's hunt.
    (ii) We prohibit organized deer drives. We define a ``deer drive'' 
as an organized or planned effort to pursue, drive, chase, or otherwise 
frighten or cause deer to move in the direction of any person(s) who is 
part of the organized or planned hunt and known to be waiting for the 
deer.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following condition: We prohibit the taking 
of turtle and frog (see Sec.  27.21 of this chapter).
    (d) Horicon National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of goose, duck, coot, common moorhen, and 
American woodcock on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following condition: We allow only participants in the Learn to Hunt 
and other special programs to hunt goose, duck, coot, and common 
moorhen.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of wild turkey, ring-
necked pheasant, gray partridge, ruffed grouse, squirrel, cottontail 
rabbit, snowshoe hare, raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, red fox, gray 
fox, coyote, and bobcat on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) For hunting, you may use or possess only approved nontoxic shot 
shells while in the field, including shot shells used for hunting wild 
turkey (see Sec.  32.2(k)).
    (ii) We prohibit night hunting from \1/2\ hour after legal sunset 
until \1/2\ hour before legal sunrise the following day.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting upland game (except 
raccoon, opossum, striped skunk, red fox, gray fox, coyote, and 
bobcat), provided the dog is under the immediate control of the hunter 
at all times.
    (iv) Coyote, red fox, gray fox, and bobcat hunting begins on the 
first day of the traditional 9-day gun deer season.
    (v) Coyote hunting ends on the last day of the season for fox.
    (vi) You may only hunt striped skunk and opossum during the season 
for raccoon.
    (vii) You may only hunt snowshoe hare during the season for 
cottontail rabbit.
    (viii) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 1 hour before 
legal shooting hours and must exit the refuge no later than 1 hour 
after legal shooting hours.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer and 
black bear in designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) Hunters must remove all stands and personal property from the 
refuge following each day's hunt (see Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of 
this chapter). We prohibit hunting from any stand left up overnight.
    (ii) We prohibit hunting bear with dogs.
    (iii) Hunters must possess a refuge permit (FWS Form 3-2439, Hunt 
Application--National Wildlife Refuge System) to hunt in Area E 
(surrounding the office/visitor center).
    (iv) Hunters may enter the refuge no earlier than 1 hour before 
legal shooting hours and must exit the refuge no later than 1 hour 
after legal shooting hours.
    (v) Any ground blind used during any gun deer season must display 
at least 144 square inches (929 square centimeters) of solid-blaze-
orange or fluorescent pink material visible from all directions.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow fishing on designated areas of the 
refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow bank fishing or fishing through the ice.
    (ii) We prohibit the use of fishing weights or lures containing 
lead.
* * * * *

0
47. Amend Sec.  32.69 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (a) through (e) as paragraphs (b) through 
(f);
0
b. Adding a new paragraph (a); and
0
c. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (b), (c), (e)(1), and (f).
    The addition and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  32.69  Wyoming.

* * * * *
    (a) Bamforth National Wildlife Refuge. (1) [Reserved]
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of chukar, grey 
partridge, pheasant, rabbit, sharp-tailed grouse, and turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn antelope, mule 
deer, and white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge.
    (4) [Reserved]
    (b) Cokeville Meadows National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game 
bird hunting. We allow hunting of dove, duck, dark goose, coot, 
merganser, light goose, snipe, Virginia rail, Sora rail, sandhill 
crane, and mourning dove on designated areas of the refuge subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (ii) Hunters may only access the refuge 1 hour before legal sunrise 
until 1 hour after legal sunset.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of blue grouse, ruffed 
grouse, chukar partridge, gray partridge, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe 
hare, squirrel (red, gray, and fox), red fox, raccoon, and striped 
skunk on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs to find and retrieve legally 
harvested upland game birds, cottontail rabbits, and squirrels. You may 
not use dogs to chase red fox, raccoon, striped skunk, or any other 
species not specifically allowed in this paragraph (b)(2)(ii).
    (iii) Licensed migratory bird, big game, or upland/small game 
hunters may harvest red fox, raccoon, and striped skunk on the refuge 
from

[[Page 54145]]

September 1 until the end of the last open big game, upland bird, or 
small game season. You must possess, and remove from the refuge, all 
red fox, raccoon, and striped skunk that you harvest on the refuge.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of elk, mule deer, white-
tailed deer, pronghorn, and moose subject to the following condition: 
The condition set forth at paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section 
applies.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge.
    (c) Hutton Lake National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow youth hunting of goose, duck, coot, and merganser on 
designated areas of the refuge during the Wyoming Zone C2 ``special 
youth waterfowl hunting days'' subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (ii) We prohibit the cleaning of game on the refuge.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of chuker, grey 
partridge, pheasant, rabbit, sharp-tailed grouse, and turkey on 
designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section apply.
    (ii) We allow hunting November 1 through March 1.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn antelope and 
mule deer on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following 
condition: We allow hunting November 1 through March 1.
    (4) [Reserved]
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) Migratory game bird hunting. We allow hunting of dove, goose, 
duck, and coot on designated areas of the refuge.
* * * * *
    (f) Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of dark goose, duck, coot, merganser, dove, 
snipe, and rail on designated areas of the refuge subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) We open the refuge to the general public from \1/2\ hour before 
legal sunrise to \1/2\ hour after legal sunset. Waterfowl hunters may 
enter the refuge 1 hour before legal shooting hours to set up decoys 
and blinds.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (iii) You must only use portable blinds or blinds constructed from 
dead and downed wood.
    (iv) You must remove portable blinds, tree stands, decoys, and 
other personal equipment from the refuge after each day's hunt (see 
Sec. Sec.  27.93 and 27.94 of this chapter).
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of sage grouse, 
cottontail rabbit, jackrabbit, raccoon, fox, and skunk on designated 
areas of the refuge subject to the following condition: The conditions 
set forth at paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of pronghorn, mule deer, 
white-tailed deer, elk, and moose on designated areas of the refuge 
subject to the following condition: The condition set forth at 
paragraph (f)(1)(i) section applies.
    (4) Sport fishing. We allow sport fishing on designated areas of 
the refuge subject to the following conditions:
    (i) The condition set forth at paragraph (f)(1)(i) of this section 
applies.
    (ii) We prohibit taking of mollusk, crustacean, reptile, and 
amphibian from the refuge (see Sec.  27.21 of this chapter).

PART 36--ALASKA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES

0
48. The authority citation for part 36 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 460(k) et seq., 668dd-668ee, 3101 et seq., 
Pub. L. 115-20, 131 Stat. 86.

0
49. Amend Sec.  36.39 by adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  36.39  Public use.

* * * * *
    (d) Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. We prohibit all domestic 
sheep, goats, and camelids on the refuge.
* * * * *

Subchapter E--Management of Fisheries Conservation Areas

PART 71--HUNTING AND SPORT FISHING ON NATIONAL FISH HATCHERIES

0
50. The authority citation for part 71 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: Sec. 4, Pub. L. 73-121, 48 Stat. 402, as amended; 
sec. 4, Pub. L. 87-714, 76 Stat. 654; 5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 
664, 668dd, 1534.

0
51. Revise Sec.  71.11 to read as follows:


Sec.  71.11  National fish hatcheries open for hunting.

    The following hatcheries are open for hunting as governed by 
applicable Federal and State regulations, and are listed in 
alphabetical order with additional hatchery-specific regulations.
    (a) Iron River National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow duck, goose, coot, rail, snipe, woodcock, dove, and 
crow hunting on designated areas of the hatchery.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow pheasant, bobwhite quail, ruffed 
and sharp-tailed grouse, Hungarian partridge, rabbit/hare, squirrel, 
coyote, fox, bobcat, raccoon, opossum, skunk, weasel, and woodchuck 
hunting on designated areas of the hatchery.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow white-tailed deer, turkey, and bear 
hunting on designated areas of the hatchery subject to the following 
conditions:
    (i) You must label tree stands and ground blinds with the owner's 
State hunting license number. The label must be readable from the 
ground.
    (ii) You may place tree stands and ground blinds on the hatchery 
only from September 1 to December 31 annually.
    (b) Jordan River National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow the hunting of woodcock, dove, duck, goose, rail, 
snipe, coot, and crow on designated areas of the hatchery subject to 
the following conditions:
    (i) We allow entry into the hatchery 1 hour before legal sunrise 
and require hunters to leave the hatchery no later than 1 hour after 
legal sunset.
    (ii) We prohibit shooting on or over any hatchery road within 50 
feet (15 meters) from the centerline.
    (iii) We allow the use of dogs while hunting, provided the dog is 
under the immediate control of the hunter at all times.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of rabbit/hare, squirrel, 
coyote, fox, bobcat, raccoon, opossum, skunk, weasel, and woodchuck on 
designated areas of the hatchery subject to the following condition: 
The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this 
section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, white-tailed deer, 
and turkey on designated areas of the hatchery and subject to the 
following conditions:
    (i) The conditions set forth at paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) 
of this section apply.
    (ii) We allow the use of portable stands and blinds for hunting, 
and hunters must remove them at the end of each day.
    (iii) You must label tree stands with the owner's Department of 
Natural Resources sportcard number. The label, printed in legible 
English that can be easily read from the ground, must be affixed to the 
stand.
    (c) Leadville National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We

[[Page 54146]]

allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of the hatchery.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the hatchery.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the hatchery subject to the following conditions:
    (i) You must label tree stands and ground blinds with the owner's 
State hunting license number. The label must be readable from the 
ground.
    (ii) You may place tree stands and ground blinds on the refuge only 
from September 1 to December 31 annually.
    (4) Sport fishing. See Sec.  71.12(k) for hatchery-specific fishing 
regulations for this hatchery.
    (d) Leavenworth National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory game bird 
hunting. We allow migratory game bird hunting on designated areas of 
the hatchery subject to the following condition: We allow the use of 
dogs for hunting in accordance with State of Washington hunting 
regulations.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow upland game hunting on designated 
areas of the hatchery subject to the following condition: We allow the 
use of dogs for hunting in accordance with State of Washington hunting 
regulations.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow big game hunting on designated areas 
of the hatchery subject to the following condition: We allow the use of 
dogs for hunting in accordance with State of Washington hunting 
regulations.
    (4) Sport fishing. See Sec.  71.12(l) for hatchery-specific fishing 
regulations for this hatchery.
    (e) Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of crow on designated areas of the hatchery 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed 
of nonliving natural materials. Hunters must remove all equipment at 
the end of each day's hunt.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of bobcat, grouse, 
partridge, and porcupine on designated areas of the hatchery subject to 
the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs 
(e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, elk, black-tailed 
deer, mule deer, and wild turkey on designated areas of the hatchery 
subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at 
paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (4) Sport fishing. See Sec.  71.12(m) for hatchery-specific fishing 
regulations for this hatchery.
    (f) Southwest Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center--(1) 
Migratory game bird hunting. We allow the hunting of sandhill crane, 
light and dark goose, duck, merganser, coot, mourning and white-winged 
dove, and band-tailed pigeon on designated areas of the center.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow the hunting of Eurasian collared-
dove; dusky (blue) grouse; pheasant; scaled quail; and Abert's, red, 
gray, and fox squirrel on designated areas of the center.
    (3) [Reserved]
    (g) Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery--(1) Migratory bird 
hunting. We allow hunting of crow on designated areas of the hatchery 
subject to the following conditions:
    (i) We only allow portable blinds and temporary blinds constructed 
of nonliving natural materials. Hunters must remove all equipment at 
the end of each day's hunt.
    (ii) We allow the use of dogs when hunting.
    (2) Upland game hunting. We allow hunting of bobcat, grouse, 
partridge, and porcupine on designated areas of the hatchery subject to 
the following condition: The conditions set forth at paragraphs 
(g)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (3) Big game hunting. We allow hunting of bear, elk, black-tailed 
deer, mule deer, and wild turkey on designated areas of the hatchery 
subject to the following condition: The conditions set forth at 
paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply.
    (4) Sport fishing. See Sec.  71.12(o) for hatchery-specific fishing 
regulations for this hatchery.

0
52. Amend Sec.  71.12 by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraphs (g) through (m) as paragraphs (k) through 
(q), respectively; paragraphs (b) through (f) as paragraphs (e) through 
(i), respectively; and paragraph (a) as paragraph (c); and
0
b. Adding new paragraphs (a), (b), (d), (j), and (r).
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  71.12  National fish hatcheries open for sport fishing.

* * * * *
    (a) Abernathy Fish Technology Center. We allow sport fishing on 
designated areas of the center.
    (b) Berkshire National Fish Hatchery. We allow sport fishing on 
designated areas of the hatchery subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Anglers must abide by posted signage.
    (2) Anglers must remain at least 50 feet away from raceways and 
fish culture areas to maintain biosecurity of stocked fish populations.
    (3) On the Konkapot River, we prohibit angling equipment, 
including, but not limited to, live bait, boots, and rods, near the 
areas described in paragraph (b)(2).
    (4) We limit access to Outreach Pond to youth (ages 13 and 
younger), supervised by an adult at all times.
    (5) We allow fishing on Outreach Pond during open hatchery hours 
only.
    (6) We prohibit the use of baitfish, shiners, and minnows in the 
Outreach Pond.
    (7) We prohibit all fishing methods of take besides rods on 
Outreach Pond.
    (8) We allow a daily creel limit of three (3) fish per individual 
at Outreach Pond. There is no creel limit during fishing derbies.
    (9) We prohibit fishing during the winter in Outreach Pond.
    (10) We prohibit the use of all lead, including tackle containing 
lead, when fishing in Outreach Pond.
* * * * *
    (d) Dwight D. Eisenhower National Fish Hatchery. We allow sport 
fishing on designated areas of the hatchery subject to the following 
conditions:
    (1) Anglers must abide by posted signage.
    (2) Anglers must remain at least 50 feet away from the water intake 
from Furnace Brook, raceways, and fish culture areas for safety and to 
maintain biosecurity of stocked fish populations.
    (3) We prohibit angling equipment, including, but not limited to, 
live bait, boots, and rods, near the areas described in paragraph 
(d)(2).
* * * * *
    (j) Lamar National Fish Hatchery. We allow sport fishing on 
designated areas of the hatchery subject to the following condition: We 
only allow sport fishing from legal sunrise to legal sunset.
* * * * *
    (r) Willard National Fish Hatchery. We allow sport fishing on 
designated areas of the hatchery.

George Wallace,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 2020-16003 Filed 8-28-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4333-15-P