Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Effigy Mounds National Monument, Harpers Ferry, IA, 46708-46710 [2020-16778]
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46708
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 149 / Monday, August 3, 2020 / Notices
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Henry Jacob Bigelow. Bigelow
transferred Mr. Quapish’s remains to the
Warren Anatomical Museum. Museum
records describe the decedent as
‘‘Qualish, the last of the Indian tribe at
Dedham, Mass.; was buried in 1774; aet.
68.’’ There is no additional information
in museum records about the context in
which these human remains were
found. No associated funerary objects
are present.
Museum information shows by a
preponderance of the evidence that the
human remains are of the Native
American individual Alexander
Quapish, whose name is recorded
variously in the historical record, for
example as: Qualish, Quapes, Quapish,
Queppish. Primary records and
secondary histories indicate Mr.
Quapish and his wife, Sarah David,
were Native Americans living in
Dedham. According to a local historian
and to vital records for the Town of
Dedham, Massachusetts, Mr. Quapish
was from Yarmouth, Massachusetts,
Wampanoag territory. Mr. Quapish may
have moved to Dedham because both
Dedham and Yarmouth were associated
with a network of Native American
Christianized settlements. Shortly after
Sarah David’s death in 1774, Mr.
Quapish enlisted in the Continental
Army. Alexander Quapish reportedly
died in 1776, at the age of 34, in
Needham, Massachusetts, and may have
been buried in Needham or Natick,
rather than Dedham. The possibility of
repatriation to lineal descendants was
explored in consultation with
Wampanoag representatives. After
consultation and genealogical review,
however, no lineal descendants have
been identified.
Osteological examination of the
human remains indicates that they are
probably of an adult male and are of
Native American ancestry. This
information most closely matches the
documented history of Alexander
Quapish. Although some documented
elements of his personal history,
including burial in Needham or Natick,
death in 1776, and age at death do not
match information in Warren
Anatomical Museum records, historical
documentation and osteological
examination indicate by a
preponderance of the evidence that this
individual is Alexander Quapish.
Determinations Made by the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
and the Warren Anatomical Museum,
Harvard University
Officials of the Peabody Museum of
Archaeology and Ethnology and the
Warren Anatomical Museum, Harvard
University have determined that:
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• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the
human remains described in this notice
represent the physical remains of one
individual of Native American ancestry.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the Native American human
remains and the Mashpee Wampanoag
Tribe (previously listed as Mashpee
Wampanoag Indian Tribal Council, Inc.)
and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
(Aquinnah), Indian Tribes that represent
people of Wampanoag descent.
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Representatives of any Indian Tribe
that believes itself to be culturally
affiliated with the human remains
should contact Patricia Capone,
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and
Ethnology, Harvard University, 11
Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA
02138, telephone (617) 496–3702, by
September 2, 2020. After that date, if no
additional requestors have come
forward, transfer of control of the
human remains to the Mashpee
Wampanoag Tribe (previously listed as
Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribal
Council, Inc.) and the Wampanoag Tribe
of Gay Head (Aquinnah) may proceed.
The Peabody Museum of Archaeology
and Ethnology on behalf of the Warren
Anatomical Museum, Harvard
University is responsible for notifying
the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
(previously listed as Mashpee
Wampanoag Indian Tribal Council,
Inc.); Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
(Aquinnah); and the Assonet Band of
the Wampanoag Nation, a non-federally
recognized Indian group, that this notice
has been published.
Dated: July 6, 2020.
Melanie O’Brien,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2020–16776 Filed 7–31–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–52–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–NPS0030514;
PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National
Park Service, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, Harpers Ferry, IA
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The U.S. Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, Effigy
Mounds National Monument has
completed an inventory of human
SUMMARY:
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remains and associated funerary objects,
in consultation with the appropriate
Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian
organizations, and has determined that
there is a cultural affiliation between the
human remains and associated funerary
objects and present-day Indian Tribes or
Native Hawaiian organizations. Lineal
descendants or representatives of any
Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to request transfer of control
of these human remains and associated
funerary objects should submit a written
request to Effigy Mounds National
Monument. If no additional requestors
come forward, transfer of control of the
human remains and associated funerary
objects to the lineal descendants, Indian
Tribes, or Native Hawaiian
organizations stated in this notice may
proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or
representatives of any Indian Tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to
request transfer of control of these
human remains and associated funerary
objects should submit a written request
with information in support of the
request to Effigy Mounds National
Monument at the address in this notice
by September 2, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Jim Nepstad,
Superintendent, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, 151 Hwy 76, Harpers Ferry,
IA 52146, telephone (563) 873–3491 Ext.
101, email jim_nepstad@nps.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3003, of the completion of an inventory
of human remains and associated
funerary objects under the control of the
U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Effigy Mounds
National Monument, Harpers Ferry, IA.
The human remains and associated
funerary objects were removed from
sites in Allamakee and Clayton
Counties, IA.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the Superintendent, Effigy Mounds
National Monument.
Consultation
A detailed assessment of the human
remains was made by Effigy Mounds
National Monument professional staff in
consultation with representatives of the
Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow
Creek Reservation, South Dakota;
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 149 / Monday, August 3, 2020 / Notices
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Dakota; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin;
Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska;
Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Lower Sioux
Indian Community in the State of
Minnesota; Omaha Tribe of Nebraska;
Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians,
Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of Nebraska;
Prairie Island Indian Community in the
State of Minnesota; Sac & Fox Nation of
Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska; Sac &
Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe
of the Mississippi in Iowa; Santee Sioux
Nation, Nebraska; Shakopee
Mdewakanton Sioux Community of
Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of
the Lake Traverse Reservation, South
Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of
North & South Dakota; Upper Sioux
Community, Minnesota; Winnebago
Tribe of Nebraska; and the Yankton
Sioux Tribe of South Dakota (hereafter
referred to as ‘‘The Consulted Tribes’’).
History and Description of the Remains
The human remains described below,
with the exception of the one individual
removed from Marquette Rockshelter,
were stolen from Effigy Mounds
National Monument in 1990 and
recovered in 2011 and 2012.
Because the mounds at Effigy Mounds
National Monument are burial mounds,
all artifacts that come from these
mounds are considered funerary objects.
All of the funerary objects are
considered associated funerary objects
because, even though these types of
items likely had other uses within the
culture, it is reasonable to believe that
these specific funerary objects were
made exclusively for burial purposes
and therefore pursuant to 25 U.S.C.
3001(3)(A) are associated funerary
objects regardless of the location of the
connected human remains.
At an unknown date, human remains
representing, at minimum, one
individual were removed from the
Marquette Rockshelter, Clayton County,
IA, by unknown persons. It is not
known how the remains entered the
collection at Effigy Mounds National
Monument. No known individuals were
identified. The 837 associated funerary
objects are 450 faunal bones, 231 pottery
sherds, three utilized flakes, 45
unmodified stones, two flakes, 92 pieces
of shell, one bone tool, 10 pieces of
shatter, two modified flakes, and one
gorget fragment.
In 1950, human remains representing,
at minimum, three individuals were
removed from the Nazekaw Terrace
Mound Group in Allamakee County, IA,
by NPS archeologist Paul Beaubien. No
known individuals were identified. The
33 associated funerary objects are two
Snyders projectile points, one bear
canine tooth, one flake tool, four
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unmodified stones, two pieces of
shatter, two faunal bones, two projectile
points, four burnt animal tooth
fragments, one pottery sherd, nine nonhuman bone, two pieces of burned
earth, and three pieces of charcoal.
In 1952, human remains representing,
at minimum, one individual were
removed from the Sny Magill Mound
Group in Clayton County, IA, by NPS
archeologist Paul Beaubien. No known
individuals were identified. The 96
associated funerary objects are one
faunal bone, one Madison Triangular
projectile point, one broken projectile
point, one biface, two biface fragments,
15 flakes, 11 utilized flakes, five
modified flakes, one Manker or Koster
projectile point, one red ocher sample,
34 pottery sherds, one projectile point
base, seven pieces of shatter, three
unmodified stones, one Kramer
projectile point, two Agate Basin
lanceolate blades, five copper beads,
one scraper, one expanding stemmed
projectile point, one straight stemmed
projectile point, and one hammerstone.
In 1952 and 1962, human remains
representing, at minimum, five
individuals were removed from the Fire
Point Mound Group in Allamakee
County, IA, by NPS archeologists
Wilfred Logan and Garland Gordon. No
known individuals were identified. The
152 associated funerary objects are one
copper breastplate, one mica sheet, one
drill, one scraper, 109 unmodified
stones, nine pieces of shatter, six flakes,
one nut shell, one test core, five pieces
of burned earth, three fire cracked rocks,
one flat bone fragment, nine freshwater
mussel shell fragments, and four pottery
sherds.
In 1954, human remains representing,
at minimum, 14 individuals were
removed from the Highway 76
Rockshelter in Clayton County, IA.
Excavations were initiated by Leland
Cooper from Hamline University and
finished by NPS archeologist Wilfred
Logan. No known individuals were
identified. The 1,572 associated
funerary objects are 8 fragments of
miniature pots, 189 pottery sherds,
1,166 faunal bones, 159 freshwater
mussel and land snail shells, 11
unmodified stones, three charcoal
samples, one rectangular polished turtle
shell, one Waubesa projectile point, two
Madison Triangular projectile points,
one clay sample, eight bone tools, six
flakes, four pieces of shatter, one core,
five utilized flakes, two modified flakes,
one soil sample, two freshwater pearls,
one bone artifact, and one biface tool.
In 1961, 12 cultural items were
removed from the Marching Bear
Mound Group in Clayton County, IA, by
NPS archeologist John Ingmanson
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46709
during the mound rehabilitation project.
The 12 associated funerary objects are
two pieces of burnt limestone, three
utilized flakes, three flakes, and four
pieces of shatter.
In 1962, 427 cultural items were
removed from the Nazekaw Terrace
Mound Group in Allamakee County, IA,
by NPS archeologist Garland Gordon
during the mound rehabilitation project.
The 427 associated funerary objects are
12 bifaces, 40 utilized flakes, 162
unmodified stones, 74 flakes, six cores,
92 pieces of shatter, 25 pottery sherds,
one drill fragment, one Durst projectile
point, one possible Little Sioux
projectile point, one small corner
notched projectile point, eight modified
flakes, one stone tool, one utilized spall,
and two charcoal samples.
In 1962, two cultural items were
removed from the Yellow River Mound
Group in Allamakee County, IA, by NPS
archeologist Garland Gordon during the
mound rehabilitation project. The two
associated funerary objects are pottery
sherds.
In 1965, human remains representing,
at minimum, one individual were
removed from the Fire Point Mound
Group in Allamakee County, IA, by NPS
archeologist Garland Gordon during the
mound rehabilitation project. No known
individuals were identified. The 13
associated funerary objects are 10
unmodified stones, one flake, one land
snail shell, and one soil sample.
In 1965, soil samples were collected
from various mound sites in Effigy
Mounds National Monument by the
University of Wisconsin-Madison
during the mound rehabilitation project.
In 2016, the processed soil samples
were returned to Effigy Mounds
National Monument. One soil sample
had lost its provenience information, so
the mound site from which it was
removed is unknown. All other soil
samples were repatriated and reburied
in 2019 or are described elsewhere in
this notice. The one associated funerary
object is a soil sample.
Based on archeological context,
ethnographic information, and oral
traditions the human remains and
associated funerary objects described
above are identified as belonging to the
Woodland tradition.
The Woodland tradition transitions
into the Oneota tradition which is
identified as being clearly ancestral to
the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin;
Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska;
Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Omaha Tribe
of Nebraska; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of
Indians, Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of
Nebraska; and the Winnebago Tribe of
Nebraska.
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46710
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 149 / Monday, August 3, 2020 / Notices
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The First Treaty of Prairie Du Chien
of August 19, 1825 between the United
States and the Sac and Fox, Dakota
Sioux, Ioway, Ho-Chunk, Winnebago,
Potawatomi, Chippewa, Menominee,
and Ottawa demonstrates the variety of
Tribes living in the area in the 1800s
who have historic affiliation with Effigy
Mounds National Monument.
The First Treaty of Prairie du Chien,
as well as linguistic, oral tradition,
temporal and geographic evidence,
reasonably indicates that the following
Sioux Indian Tribes possess ancestral
ties to the Effigy Mounds National
Monument region and the human
remains and associated funerary objects
described above: Crow Creek Sioux
Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation,
South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux
Tribe of South Dakota; Lower Sioux
Indian Community in the State of
Minnesota; Prairie Island Indian
Community in the State of Minnesota;
Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska;
Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux
Community of Minnesota; SissetonWahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse
Reservation, South Dakota; Standing
Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South
Dakota; Upper Sioux Community,
Minnesota; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe
of South Dakota.
Determinations Made by the U.S.
Department of the Interior, National
Park Service, Effigy Mounds National
Monument
Officials of the U.S. Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, Effigy
Mounds National Monument have
determined that:
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the
human remains described in this notice
represent the physical remains of 25
individuals of Native American
ancestry.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A),
the 3,145 objects described in this
notice are reasonably believed to have
been placed with or near individual
human remains at the time of death or
later as part of the death rite or
ceremony and to have been made
exclusively for burial purposes or to
contain human remains.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there
is a relationship of shared group
identity that can be reasonably traced
between the Native American human
remains and associated funerary objects
and the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the
Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota;
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South
Dakota; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin;
Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska;
Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Lower Sioux
Indian Community in the State of
Minnesota; Omaha Tribe of Nebraska;
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Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians,
Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of Nebraska;
Prairie Island Indian Community in the
State of Minnesota; Santee Sioux
Nation, Nebraska; Shakopee
Mdewakanton Sioux Community of
Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of
the Lake Traverse Reservation, South
Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of
North & South Dakota; Upper Sioux
Community, Minnesota; Winnebago
Tribe of Nebraska; and the Yankton
Sioux Tribe of South Dakota (hereafter
referred to as ‘‘The Tribes’’).
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives
of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian
organization not identified in this notice
that wish to request transfer of control
of these human remains and associated
funerary objects should submit a written
request with information in support of
the request to Jim Nepstad,
Superintendent, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, 151 Hwy 76, Harpers Ferry,
IA 52146, telephone (563) 873–3491 Ext.
101, email jim_nepstad@nps.gov, by
September 2, 2020. After that date, if no
additional requestors have come
forward, transfer of control of the
human remains and associated funerary
objects to The Tribes may proceed.
The U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Effigy Mounds
National Monument is responsible for
notifying The Consulted Tribes that this
notice has been published.
Dated: June 25, 2020.
Melanie O’Brien,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2020–16778 Filed 7–31–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312–52–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–NPS0030517;
PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Intent To Repatriate Cultural
Items: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Effigy Mounds
National Monument, Harpers Ferry, IA
National Park Service, Interior.
Notice.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The U.S. Department of the
Interior, National Park Service, Effigy
Mounds National Monument, in
consultation with the appropriate
Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian
organizations, has determined that the
cultural items listed in this notice meet
the definition of unassociated funerary
objects. Lineal descendants or
SUMMARY:
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representatives of any Indian Tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to
claim these cultural items should
submit a written request to Effigy
Mounds National Monument. If no
additional claimants come forward,
transfer of control of the cultural items
to the lineal descendants, Indian Tribes,
or Native Hawaiian organizations stated
in this notice may proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or
representatives of any Indian Tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not
identified in this notice that wish to
claim these cultural items should
submit a written request with
information in support of the claim to
Effigy Mounds National Monument at
the address in this notice by September
2, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Jim Nepstad,
Superintendent, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, 151 Hwy 76, Harpers Ferry,
IA 52146, telephone (563) 873–3491 Ext.
101, email jim_nepstad@nps.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C.
3005, of the intent to repatriate cultural
items under the control of the U.S.
Department of the Interior, National
Park Service, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, Harpers Ferry, IA, that meet
the definition of unassociated funerary
objects under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the
National Park Service’s administrative
responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25
U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The determinations in
this notice are the sole responsibility of
the Superintendent, Effigy Mounds
National Monument.
History and Description of the Cultural
Items
At an unknown date, three cultural
items were removed from an unknown
site, likely in Allamakee County, IA. It
is not known how they came to be in
collections at Effigy Mounds National
Monument. Originally accessioned as a
loan from a local collector, in 1985 the
lender claimed they were not part of his
collection. In 1986, human remains that
had been collected with the objects were
transferred to the Iowa Office of the
State Archaeologist for analysis. The
remains were retained and reburied by
the Office of the State Archaeologist
under the authority of the 1976 Iowa
Burial Law. The three unassociated
funerary objects are two flakes and one
sample of red ocher.
In 1950, 112 cultural items were
removed from a slumped talus deposit
below the Hanging Rock Shelter, in
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 149 (Monday, August 3, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 46708-46710]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-16778]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
[NPS-WASO-NAGPRA-NPS0030514; PPWOCRADN0-PCU00RP14.R50000]
Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Effigy Mounds National Monument, Harpers Ferry,
IA
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
Effigy Mounds National Monument has completed an inventory of human
remains and associated funerary objects, in consultation with the
appropriate Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations, and has
determined that there is a cultural affiliation between the human
remains and associated funerary objects and present-day Indian Tribes
or Native Hawaiian organizations. Lineal descendants or representatives
of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in
this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human
remains and associated funerary objects should submit a written request
to Effigy Mounds National Monument. If no additional requestors come
forward, transfer of control of the human remains and associated
funerary objects to the lineal descendants, Indian Tribes, or Native
Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed.
DATES: Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or
Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to
request transfer of control of these human remains and associated
funerary objects should submit a written request with information in
support of the request to Effigy Mounds National Monument at the
address in this notice by September 2, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Jim Nepstad, Superintendent, Effigy Mounds National
Monument, 151 Hwy 76, Harpers Ferry, IA 52146, telephone (563) 873-3491
Ext. 101, email [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is here given in accordance with the
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25
U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains and
associated funerary objects under the control of the U.S. Department of
the Interior, National Park Service, Effigy Mounds National Monument,
Harpers Ferry, IA. The human remains and associated funerary objects
were removed from sites in Allamakee and Clayton Counties, IA.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3). The
determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
Superintendent, Effigy Mounds National Monument.
Consultation
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by Effigy
Mounds National Monument professional staff in consultation with
representatives of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek
Reservation, South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South
[[Page 46709]]
Dakota; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and
Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the
State of Minnesota; Omaha Tribe of Nebraska; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of
Indians, Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of Nebraska; Prairie Island Indian
Community in the State of Minnesota; Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in
Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe of the
Mississippi in Iowa; Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Shakopee
Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of
the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
of North & South Dakota; Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota; Winnebago
Tribe of Nebraska; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota
(hereafter referred to as ``The Consulted Tribes'').
History and Description of the Remains
The human remains described below, with the exception of the one
individual removed from Marquette Rockshelter, were stolen from Effigy
Mounds National Monument in 1990 and recovered in 2011 and 2012.
Because the mounds at Effigy Mounds National Monument are burial
mounds, all artifacts that come from these mounds are considered
funerary objects. All of the funerary objects are considered associated
funerary objects because, even though these types of items likely had
other uses within the culture, it is reasonable to believe that these
specific funerary objects were made exclusively for burial purposes and
therefore pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A) are associated funerary
objects regardless of the location of the connected human remains.
At an unknown date, human remains representing, at minimum, one
individual were removed from the Marquette Rockshelter, Clayton County,
IA, by unknown persons. It is not known how the remains entered the
collection at Effigy Mounds National Monument. No known individuals
were identified. The 837 associated funerary objects are 450 faunal
bones, 231 pottery sherds, three utilized flakes, 45 unmodified stones,
two flakes, 92 pieces of shell, one bone tool, 10 pieces of shatter,
two modified flakes, and one gorget fragment.
In 1950, human remains representing, at minimum, three individuals
were removed from the Nazekaw Terrace Mound Group in Allamakee County,
IA, by NPS archeologist Paul Beaubien. No known individuals were
identified. The 33 associated funerary objects are two Snyders
projectile points, one bear canine tooth, one flake tool, four
unmodified stones, two pieces of shatter, two faunal bones, two
projectile points, four burnt animal tooth fragments, one pottery
sherd, nine non-human bone, two pieces of burned earth, and three
pieces of charcoal.
In 1952, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual
were removed from the Sny Magill Mound Group in Clayton County, IA, by
NPS archeologist Paul Beaubien. No known individuals were identified.
The 96 associated funerary objects are one faunal bone, one Madison
Triangular projectile point, one broken projectile point, one biface,
two biface fragments, 15 flakes, 11 utilized flakes, five modified
flakes, one Manker or Koster projectile point, one red ocher sample, 34
pottery sherds, one projectile point base, seven pieces of shatter,
three unmodified stones, one Kramer projectile point, two Agate Basin
lanceolate blades, five copper beads, one scraper, one expanding
stemmed projectile point, one straight stemmed projectile point, and
one hammerstone.
In 1952 and 1962, human remains representing, at minimum, five
individuals were removed from the Fire Point Mound Group in Allamakee
County, IA, by NPS archeologists Wilfred Logan and Garland Gordon. No
known individuals were identified. The 152 associated funerary objects
are one copper breastplate, one mica sheet, one drill, one scraper, 109
unmodified stones, nine pieces of shatter, six flakes, one nut shell,
one test core, five pieces of burned earth, three fire cracked rocks,
one flat bone fragment, nine freshwater mussel shell fragments, and
four pottery sherds.
In 1954, human remains representing, at minimum, 14 individuals
were removed from the Highway 76 Rockshelter in Clayton County, IA.
Excavations were initiated by Leland Cooper from Hamline University and
finished by NPS archeologist Wilfred Logan. No known individuals were
identified. The 1,572 associated funerary objects are 8 fragments of
miniature pots, 189 pottery sherds, 1,166 faunal bones, 159 freshwater
mussel and land snail shells, 11 unmodified stones, three charcoal
samples, one rectangular polished turtle shell, one Waubesa projectile
point, two Madison Triangular projectile points, one clay sample, eight
bone tools, six flakes, four pieces of shatter, one core, five utilized
flakes, two modified flakes, one soil sample, two freshwater pearls,
one bone artifact, and one biface tool.
In 1961, 12 cultural items were removed from the Marching Bear
Mound Group in Clayton County, IA, by NPS archeologist John Ingmanson
during the mound rehabilitation project. The 12 associated funerary
objects are two pieces of burnt limestone, three utilized flakes, three
flakes, and four pieces of shatter.
In 1962, 427 cultural items were removed from the Nazekaw Terrace
Mound Group in Allamakee County, IA, by NPS archeologist Garland Gordon
during the mound rehabilitation project. The 427 associated funerary
objects are 12 bifaces, 40 utilized flakes, 162 unmodified stones, 74
flakes, six cores, 92 pieces of shatter, 25 pottery sherds, one drill
fragment, one Durst projectile point, one possible Little Sioux
projectile point, one small corner notched projectile point, eight
modified flakes, one stone tool, one utilized spall, and two charcoal
samples.
In 1962, two cultural items were removed from the Yellow River
Mound Group in Allamakee County, IA, by NPS archeologist Garland Gordon
during the mound rehabilitation project. The two associated funerary
objects are pottery sherds.
In 1965, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual
were removed from the Fire Point Mound Group in Allamakee County, IA,
by NPS archeologist Garland Gordon during the mound rehabilitation
project. No known individuals were identified. The 13 associated
funerary objects are 10 unmodified stones, one flake, one land snail
shell, and one soil sample.
In 1965, soil samples were collected from various mound sites in
Effigy Mounds National Monument by the University of Wisconsin-Madison
during the mound rehabilitation project. In 2016, the processed soil
samples were returned to Effigy Mounds National Monument. One soil
sample had lost its provenience information, so the mound site from
which it was removed is unknown. All other soil samples were
repatriated and reburied in 2019 or are described elsewhere in this
notice. The one associated funerary object is a soil sample.
Based on archeological context, ethnographic information, and oral
traditions the human remains and associated funerary objects described
above are identified as belonging to the Woodland tradition.
The Woodland tradition transitions into the Oneota tradition which
is identified as being clearly ancestral to the Ho-Chunk Nation of
Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma;
Omaha Tribe of Nebraska; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma;
Ponca Tribe of Nebraska; and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska.
[[Page 46710]]
The First Treaty of Prairie Du Chien of August 19, 1825 between the
United States and the Sac and Fox, Dakota Sioux, Ioway, Ho-Chunk,
Winnebago, Potawatomi, Chippewa, Menominee, and Ottawa demonstrates the
variety of Tribes living in the area in the 1800s who have historic
affiliation with Effigy Mounds National Monument.
The First Treaty of Prairie du Chien, as well as linguistic, oral
tradition, temporal and geographic evidence, reasonably indicates that
the following Sioux Indian Tribes possess ancestral ties to the Effigy
Mounds National Monument region and the human remains and associated
funerary objects described above: Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow
Creek Reservation, South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South
Dakota; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Prairie
Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Santee Sioux Nation,
Nebraska; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Sisseton-
Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Standing
Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; Upper Sioux Community,
Minnesota; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota.
Determinations Made by the U.S. Department of the Interior, National
Park Service, Effigy Mounds National Monument
Officials of the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park
Service, Effigy Mounds National Monument have determined that:
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described
in this notice represent the physical remains of 25 individuals of
Native American ancestry.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), the 3,145 objects
described in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed
with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as
part of the death rite or ceremony and to have been made exclusively
for burial purposes or to contain human remains.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), there is a relationship of
shared group identity that can be reasonably traced between the Native
American human remains and associated funerary objects and the Crow
Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota;
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; Ho-Chunk Nation of
Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma;
Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Omaha Tribe of
Nebraska; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of
Nebraska; Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota;
Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of
Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation,
South Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; Upper
Sioux Community, Minnesota; Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska; and the
Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota (hereafter referred to as ``The
Tribes'').
Additional Requestors and Disposition
Lineal descendants or representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native
Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to
request transfer of control of these human remains and associated
funerary objects should submit a written request with information in
support of the request to Jim Nepstad, Superintendent, Effigy Mounds
National Monument, 151 Hwy 76, Harpers Ferry, IA 52146, telephone (563)
873-3491 Ext. 101, email [email protected], by September 2, 2020.
After that date, if no additional requestors have come forward,
transfer of control of the human remains and associated funerary
objects to The Tribes may proceed.
The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Effigy
Mounds National Monument is responsible for notifying The Consulted
Tribes that this notice has been published.
Dated: June 25, 2020.
Melanie O'Brien,
Manager, National NAGPRA Program.
[FR Doc. 2020-16778 Filed 7-31-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4312-52-P
