Air Plan Approval; Wisconsin; Redesignation of the Inland Sheboygan, WI Area to Attainment of the 2008 Ozone Standards, 41400-41405 [2020-13468]
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Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 133 / Friday, July 10, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
• Does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• Is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• Does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• Does not have federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• Is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• Is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• Is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the CAA; and
• Does not provide EPA with the
discretionary authority to address, as
appropriate, disproportionate human
health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
methods, under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
The SIP is not approved to apply on
any Indian reservation land or in any
other area where EPA or an Indian tribe
has demonstrated that a tribe has
jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian
country, the rule does not have tribal
implications as specified by Executive
Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9,
2000), nor will it impose substantial
direct costs on tribal governments or
preempt tribal law.
The Congressional Review Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, the
agency promulgating the rule must
submit a rule report, which includes a
copy of the rule, to each House of the
Congress and to the Comptroller General
of the United States. EPA will submit a
report containing this action and other
required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA,
petitions for judicial review of this
action must be filed in the United States
Court of Appeals for the appropriate
circuit by September 8, 2020. Filing a
petition for reconsideration by the
Administrator of this final rule does not
affect the finality of this action for the
purposes of judicial review nor does it
extend the time within which a petition
for judicial review may be filed, and
shall not postpone the effectiveness of
such rule or action. This action may not
be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. See section
307(b)(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: June 15, 2020.
Mary Walker,
Regional Administrator, Region 4.
Accordingly, 40 CFR part 52 is
amended as follows:
PART 52—APPROVAL AND
PROMULGATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
1. The authority citation for part 52
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart S—Kentucky
2. Section 52.920(c) is amended in
Table 2 under ‘‘Reg 1—General
Provisions’’ by revising the entry for
‘‘1.04’’ to read as follows:
■
§ 52.920
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Identification of plan.
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TABLE 2—EPA-APPROVED JEFFERSON COUNTY REGULATIONS FOR KENTUCKY
Reg
EPA approval
date
Title/subject
Federal Register notice
District
effective date
Explanation
Reg 1—General Provisions
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1.04 ....................................
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Performance Tests ...........
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7/10/2020
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[FR Doc. 2020–13734 Filed 7–9–20; 8:45 am]
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[Insert citation of publication].
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
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[EPA–R05–OAR–2019–0557; FRL–10011–
17–Region 5]
Air Plan Approval; Wisconsin;
Redesignation of the Inland
Sheboygan, WI Area to Attainment of
the 2008 Ozone Standards
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
AGENCY:
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ACTION:
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Final rule.
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) finds that the Inland
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin area is
attaining the 2008 primary and
secondary ozone National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS), and is
approving a request from the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
(WDNR) to redesignate the area to
attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS
because the request meets the statutory
requirements for redesignation under
SUMMARY:
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
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the Clean Air Act (CAA). WDNR
submitted this request on October 9,
2019. EPA is approving, as a revision to
the Wisconsin State Implementation
Plan (SIP), the State’s plan for
maintaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS
through 2030 in the Inland Sheboygan
area. EPA finds adequate and is
approving Wisconsin’s 2020 and 2030
volatile organic compound (VOC) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOX) Motor Vehicle
Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the
Inland Sheboygan. Finally, EPA is
approving the Wisconsin SIP
submission as meeting the applicable
base year inventory requirement,
emission statement requirements, VOC
Reasonably Available Control
Technology (RACT) requirements,
motor vehicle inspection and
maintenance (I/M) program
requirements, and NOX RACT
requirements.
This final rule is effective on July
10, 2020.
DATES:
EPA has established a
docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA–R05–OAR–2019–0557. All
documents in the docket are listed on
the www.regulations.gov website.
Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available,
i.e., Confidential Business Information
(CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute.
Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on
the internet and will be publicly
available only in hard copy form.
Publicly available docket materials are
available either through
www.regulations.gov or at the
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois 60604. This facility is open from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding Federal holidays and
facility closures due to COVID 19. We
recommend that you telephone Eric
Svingen, Environmental Engineer, at
(312) 353–4489 before visiting the
Region 5 office.
ADDRESSES:
Eric
Svingen, Environmental Engineer,
Attainment Planning and Maintenance
Section, Air Programs Branch (AR–18J),
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353–4489,
svingen.eric@epa.gov.
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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Throughout this document whenever
‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ or ‘‘our’’ is used, we mean
EPA.
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I. What is being addressed in this
document?
This rule approves the October 9,
2019 submission from Wisconsin
requesting redesignation of the Inland
Sheboygan area to attainment for the
2008 ozone standard. The background
for this action is discussed in detail in
EPA’s proposal, dated April 27, 2020
(85 FR 23274). In that rulemaking, we
noted that, under EPA regulations at 40
CFR part 50, the 2008 ozone NAAQS is
attained in an area when the 3-year
average of the annual fourth highest
daily maximum 8-hour average
concentration is equal to or less than
0.075 ppm, when truncated after the
thousandth decimal place, at all ozone
monitoring sites in the area. (See 40 CFR
50.15 and appendix P to 40 CFR part
50.) Under the CAA, EPA may
redesignate nonattainment areas to
attainment if complete, quality-assured
data are available to determine that the
area has attained the standard and meets
the other CAA redesignation
requirements in section 107(d)(3)(E).
The proposed rule provides a detailed
discussion of how Wisconsin has met
these CAA requirements, and EPA’s
rationale for approving the
redesignation request and related SIP
submissions.
As discussed in the proposed rule,
quality-assured and certified monitoring
data for 2017–2019 show that the area
has attained the 2008 ozone standard,
and EPA has determined that the
attainment is due to permanent and
enforceable measures. Preliminary data
for 2020 show that the area continues to
attain the standard. In the maintenance
plan submitted for the area, Wisconsin
has demonstrated that the ozone
standard will be maintained in the area
through 2030. Wisconsin has adopted
2020 and 2030 VOC and NOX MVEBs
for the area that are supported by
Wisconsin’s maintenance
demonstration. With these approvals of
Wisconsin’s SIP submissions, EPA finds
that the applicable requirements of the
SIP are fully approved.
II. What comments did we receive on
the proposed rule?
Public comments on the April 27,
2020 proposed rule were due by May
27, 2020. During the comment period
EPA received three comments in
support of our action, as well as one
adverse comment. EPA received an
additional supportive comment from
Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce;
however, this comment was submitted
on May 29, 2020, after the comment
period had ended. Because EPA is
obligated to respond only to comments
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that are both adverse and timely, the
supportive comment submitted after the
close of the comment period is not
relevant to this action. A summary of
the adverse comment and EPA’s
response is provided below.
Comment: Sheboygan Ozone
Reduction Alliance (SORA), a citizen
group focused on reducing air pollution
and advocating for public health,
provided three reasons for opposing this
action.
First, SORA contends that the Inland
Sheboygan area was created
retroactively in 2019 without adequate
scientific basis. The commenter writes
that the boundary of the Inland
Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone
NAAQS was based on the boundary for
the Sheboygan County nonattainment
area for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.1 The
commenter contends that the boundary
for the Sheboygan County
nonattainment area for the 2015 ozone
NAAQS was created without adequate
basis, that the nonattainment area for
the 2015 ozone NAAQS excludes
several major point sources, and that
EPA must resolve litigation regarding
designations for the 2015 ozone NAAQS
before EPA can make a determination of
attainment for areas created as a result
of, or based on, designations for the
2015 ozone NAAQS.
Second, SORA contends that the
Sheboygan Haven monitor may not be
properly sited to capture maximum
ozone concentrations. The commenter
contends that neither WDNR nor EPA
have demonstrated that the Sheboygan
Haven monitor is capable of capturing
maximum ozone concentrations in the
nonattainment area, and that such a
capability was never scrutinized
because the Sheboygan Haven monitor
was originally sited as a secondary
monitor for the original full-county
nonattainment area. The commenter
states that on six days during the 1991
Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS), a
monitor 8.6 miles inland from the
shoreline recorded ozone values greater
than or equal to the values recorded at
the shoreline monitor. Similarly, from
1999 to 2003, a monitor 5.3 miles from
the shoreline also recorded numerous
ozone values greater than or equal to the
values recorded at the shoreline
monitor. The commenter acknowledges
that ozone chemistry may have changed
over the last three decades but contends
that the burden of proof should rest on
EPA and WDNR to demonstrate that
values recorded at the Sheboygan Haven
1 We note that the commenter also cited the
revised boundary for the revoked 1997 ozone
NAAQS, but that standard is not at issue in this
redesignation.
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monitor are representative of maximum
ozone concentrations in the Inland
Sheboygan area.
Third, SORA contends that emissions
from the Inland Sheboygan area
contribute to the nonattainment of
downwind areas. The commenter states
that a redesignation to attainment would
reduce permitting requirements, which
could exacerbate the effects of emissions
from the Inland Sheboygan area on
downwind nonattainment areas. The
commenter believes that the existence of
two separate nonattainment areas in
Sheboygan County makes it more
difficult to effectively manage air
quality issues.
Response: EPA thanks SORA for its
comments. As discussed below, EPA
finds that approval of Wisconsin’s
request to redesignate the Inland
Sheboygan area is consistent with the
requirements of CAA section
107(d)(3)(E).
First, EPA disagrees that the Inland
Sheboygan area was created
retroactively without adequate scientific
basis. On July 15, 2019, EPA revised the
2008 ozone NAAQS designation for the
original full-county Sheboygan
nonattainment area, by splitting the
original area into two distinct
nonattainment areas that together cover
the identical geographic area of the
original nonattainment area (84 FR
33699). In determining whether to take
this action under CAA section
107(d)(3)(D), EPA considered the same
factors Congress directed EPA to
consider under CAA section
107(d)(3)(A), including ‘‘air quality data,
planning and control considerations, or
any other air quality-related
considerations the Administrator deems
appropriate.’’ In a 22-page Technical
Support Document (TSD) contained in
the docket for that rulemaking, EPA
provided the technical basis for its
revision, which was based on an
analysis of factors including air quality
data, emissions and emissions-related
data, meteorology, geography/
topography, and jurisdictional
boundaries.
In defining the boundaries of the
Inland Sheboygan area and Shoreline
Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone
NAAQS, EPA considered existing
jurisdictional boundaries, which can
provide easily identifiable and
recognized boundaries for purposes of
implementing the NAAQS. After
considering all relevant factors, EPA
chose to adopt a boundary for the two
separate areas for the 2008 ozone
NAAQS that aligned with the
jurisdictional boundary established by
the partial-county Sheboygan County
area for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.
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However, the July 15, 2019 action was
based on EPA’s technical analysis
specific to the 2008 ozone NAAQS, as
provided in the TSD. During the public
comment period on that rulemaking,
EPA received no adverse comments, and
EPA’s final action was not challenged in
court.
We therefore disagree that the current
litigation in the D.C. Circuit regarding
the 2015 ozone designations (Clean
Wisconsin et al. v. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency et al., Case No. 18–
1203 (D.C. Cir.)) has any bearing on this
redesignation. One of the claims at issue
in the litigation is whether EPA’s
partial-county designation of the
Sheboygan area under the 2015 ozone
NAAQS was supported by law. But even
if the court were to grant challenges to
the designation for the 2015 ozone
NAAQS, that finding would not impact
the existing boundaries of the Inland
Sheboygan nonattainment area for the
2008 ozone NAAQS. The claims raised
regarding EPA’s technical analysis
associated with designations for the
2015 standard are irrelevant to this
redesignation action, which is focused
on whether the Inland Sheboygan area
has met the statutory criteria of CAA
section 107(d)(3)(E).
Second, EPA disagrees that it may not
rely on quality-assured, certified air
quality monitoring data from the
Sheboygan Haven monitor to determine
whether the Inland Sheboygan area is
attaining. The Sheboygan Haven
monitor began operation in 2014, has
been in continuous operation since, and
in the many opportunities for public
comment regarding this monitor,
nobody has raised any concerns about
the monitor site.
Each year the state submits to EPA an
Air Monitoring Network Plan, which is
subject to public comment (see 40 CFR
58.10 2), and in none of five plan
reviews conducted since the monitor
was sited did any member of the public
raise concerns regarding the
representativeness or location of the
Sheboygan Haven monitor. In 2019
SORA commented on Wisconsin’s most
recent Air Monitoring Network Plan, but
only raised concerns regarding the
proposed discontinuation of the
Sheboygan Kohler Andrae monitor
along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
Their comment did not indicate any
concerns about the Sheboygan Haven
monitor.
EPA also stated in its proposal to split
Sheboygan County into two
2 ‘‘The annual monitoring network plan must be
made available for public inspection and comment
for at least 30 days prior to submission to the EPA
and the submitted plan shall include and address,
as appropriate, any received comments.’’
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nonattainment areas for the 2008 ozone
NAAQS that only one air quality
monitor would be in each of the two
new nonattainment areas (84 FR 4422,
4424 and 4425 3), and received no
comments. In that action, EPA also
relied on the Sheboygan Haven monitor
to propose a clean data determination
for the Inland Sheboygan area, based on
the monitor’s attaining 2015–2017
design value, which we later finalized
based on the area’s 2016–2018 attaining
design value. EPA received no
comments on its proposed
determination that the area was
attaining based on air quality
monitoring data from the Sheboygan
Haven monitor. We therefore do not
agree that it is unreasonable for EPA to
rely on data from the Sheboygan Haven
monitor as representative of air quality
in the Inland Sheboygan area.
We also do not agree that the
Sheboygan Haven monitor’s original
siting as a secondary monitor in the fullcounty 2008 ozone NAAQS area is
dispositive of whether it can be relied
upon now as the Inland Sheboygan
area’s sole monitor. As provided in the
2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan, the
Sheboygan Haven site’s objective was
population exposure, and its area of
representativeness was ‘‘exposure on a
neighborhood scale for ozone.’’ The
representativeness ‘‘neighborhood
scale’’ is defined in appendix D to 40
CFR part 58 as representative of
‘‘conditions throughout some
reasonably homogenous urban subregion’’ and the definition further
provides that ‘‘a site located in the
neighborhood scale may also experience
peak concentration levels within a
metropolitan area.’’
We do not agree that the two
nonextant Sheboygan County monitors
raised by the commenter indicate that
the Sheboygan Haven monitor is an
unreliable indicator of ozone
concentrations in the Inland Sheboygan
area. The first, from the 1991 LMOS
study, was located 8.6 miles inland from
the shoreline; the second, which
operated from 1999 to 2003, was located
5.3 miles from the shoreline. During the
time that these monitors were active,
they observed ozone concentrations that
would have been exceedances of the
2008 ozone NAAQS. On several days
these monitors recorded ozone values
greater than or equal to the values
recorded at the shoreline monitor.
However, we do not think these
isolated, outdated readings at monitors
3 84 FR at 4424 and 4425 (‘‘The Sheboygan Haven
monitor with site ID 55–117–009 is the only FRM
ozone monitor within the proposed separate Inland
Sheboygan area.’’).
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that are no longer operational are more
representative or should overrule the
Sheboygan Haven monitor, which is
part of the state’s approved Air
Monitoring Network. Ozone values in
Sheboygan County have decreased
significantly over the past three
decades. EPA’s April 27, 2020 proposed
rule includes a discussion of the
permanent and enforceable regulatory
control measures, including reductions
from vehicle emissions standards and
stationary source NOX trading programs
implemented since 2000, which caused
the improvement in air quality. Given
those major changes in emissions, and
without a technical basis to do so, we
do not think it is reasonable to assume
that ozone chemistry in this region
necessarily behaves in the same way it
may have in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Nor do we think it advisable to rely on
inferences from old data over newer
monitored air quality data.
Importantly, EPA notes that the
commenter does not allege that any part
of the area is not currently meeting the
2008 ozone NAAQS. Consistent with
the requirements of CAA section
107(d)(3)(E), EPA finds that the Inland
Sheboygan area is attaining the 2008
ozone NAAQS.
Third, although the commenter did
not specify, we assume the ‘‘reduced
permitting requirements’’ cited by
SORA that would result from the area’s
redesignation is the change from the
nonattainment new source review
(NNSR) program to the prevention of
significant deterioration (PSD) program
for new or modified major stationary
sources. An area’s designation status
dictates which of these programs apply
(NNSR for nonattainment areas and PSD
for attainment areas), and nothing in the
CAA allows EPA to continue to impose
NNSR in an area where all five statutory
criteria for redesignation of that area to
attainment have been met. Nor does the
CAA suggest that a potential impact
from the change in an area’s permitting
regime after that area is redesignated, on
other in-state, downwind nonattainment
areas is a valid basis for disapproving
that area’s request for redesignation.
Finally, we note that while EPA’s
technical analysis for the 2015 ozone
NAAQS did indicate some contribution
from the Inland Sheboygan area to the
Door County, WI area, the Manitowoc
County, WI area, as well as the
Sheboygan County, WI area (which
covers the identical geographic area as
the Shoreline Sheboygan area for the
2008 ozone NAAQS), that analysis was
performed for a more stringent standard,
and with respect to the 2008 ozone
NAAQS, all three of those areas have
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attaining design values for the 2017–
2019 period.
Finally, as stated in our April 27,
2020 proposed rule, EPA did not reopen
our final July 15, 2019 action to split the
original Sheboygan nonattainment area
into two distinct nonattainment areas,
so comments to that effect are beyond
the scope of this action. In this action,
EPA is only evaluating the State’s
redesignation request under the criteria
at CAA section 107(d)(3)(E).
III. What action is EPA taking?
EPA is determining that the Inland
Sheboygan nonattainment area is
attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS, based
on quality-assured and certified
monitoring data for 2017–2019. EPA is
approving Wisconsin’s 2011 base year
emissions inventory, emission statement
certification SIP, VOC RACT SIP, I/M
certification SIP, and NOX RACT
certification SIP, and is determining that
the area meets the requirements for
redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E)
of the CAA. EPA is thus changing the
legal designation of the Inland
Sheboygan area from nonattainment to
attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
EPA is also approving, as a revision to
the Wisconsin SIP, the State’s
maintenance plan for the area. The
maintenance plan is designed to keep
the Inland Sheboygan area in attainment
of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through
2030. EPA finds adequate and is
approving the newly-established 2020
and 2030 MVEBs for the Inland
Sheboygan area.
In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553(d) of
the Administrative Procedure Act
(APA), EPA finds there is good cause for
these actions to become effective
immediately upon publication. The
immediate effective date for this action
is authorized under both 5 U.S.C.
553(d)(1) and section 553(d)(3).
Section 553(d)(1) of the APA provides
that final rules shall not become
effective until 30 days after publication
in the Federal Register ‘‘except . . . a
substantive rule which grants or
recognizes an exemption or relieves a
restriction.’’ The purpose of this
provision is to ‘‘give affected parties a
reasonable time to adjust their behavior
before the final rule takes effect.’’
Omnipoint Corp. v. Fed. Commc’n
Comm’n, 78 F.3d 620, 630 (D.C. Cir.
1996); see also United States v.
Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d 1099, 1104 (8th Cir.
1977) (quoting legislative history).
However, when the agency grants or
recognizes an exemption or relieves a
restriction, affected parties do not need
a reasonable time to adjust because the
effect is not adverse. EPA has
determined that this rule relieves a
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41403
restriction because this rule relieves
sources in the area of NNSR permitting
requirements; instead, upon the
effective date of this action, sources will
be subject to less restrictive PSD
permitting requirements.
Section 553(d)(3) of the APA provides
that final rules shall not become
effective until 30 days after publication
in the Federal Register ‘‘except . . . as
otherwise provided by the agency for
good cause.’’ The purpose of this
provision is to ‘‘give affected parties a
reasonable time to adjust their behavior
before the final rule takes effect.’’
Omnipoint Corp. v. Fed. Commc’n
Comm’n, 78 F.3d 620, 630 (D.C. Cir.
1996); see also United States v.
Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d 1099, 1104 (8th Cir.
1977) (quoting legislative history). Thus,
in determining whether good cause
exists to waive the 30-day delay, an
agency should ‘‘balance the necessity
for immediate implementation against
principles of fundamental fairness
which require that all affected persons
be afforded a reasonable amount of time
to prepare for the effective date of its
ruling.’’ Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d at 1105.
EPA has determined that there is good
cause for making this final rule effective
immediately because this rule does not
create any new regulatory requirements
such that affected parties would need
time to prepare before the rule takes
effect. On balance, EPA finds affected
parties would benefit from the
immediate ability to comply with PSD
requirements, instead of delaying by 30
days the transition from NNSR to PSD.
For these reasons, EPA finds good
cause under both 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1) and
U.S.C. 553(d)(3) for these actions to
become effective on the date of
publication of these actions.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under the CAA, redesignation of an
area to attainment and the
accompanying approval of a
maintenance plan under section
107(d)(3)(E) are actions that affect the
status of a geographical area and do not
impose any additional regulatory
requirements on sources beyond those
imposed by state law. A redesignation to
attainment does not in and of itself
create any new requirements, but rather
results in the applicability of
requirements contained in the CAA for
areas that have been redesignated to
attainment. Moreover, the Administrator
is required to approve a SIP submission
that complies with the provisions of the
CAA and applicable Federal regulations.
42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a).
Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions,
EPA’s role is to approve state choices,
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provided that they meet the criteria of
the CAA. Accordingly, this action
merely approves state law as meeting
Federal requirements and does not
impose additional requirements beyond
those imposed by state law. For that
reason, this action:
• Is not a significant regulatory action
subject to review by the Office of
Management and Budget under
Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
January 21, 2011);
• Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82
FR 9339, February 2, 2017) regulatory
action because it is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order
12866;
• Does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• Is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• Does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• Does not have federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• Is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• Is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• Is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the CAA; and
• Does not provide EPA with the
discretionary authority to address, as
appropriate, disproportionate human
health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
methods, under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved
to apply on any Indian reservation land
or in any other area where EPA or an
Indian tribe has demonstrated that a
tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of
Indian country, the rule does not have
tribal implications and will not impose
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16:12 Jul 09, 2020
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substantial direct costs on tribal
governments or preempt tribal law as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65
FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because
redesignation is an action that affects
the status of a geographical area and
does not impose any new regulatory
requirements on tribes, impact any
existing sources of air pollution on
tribal lands, nor impair the maintenance
of ozone national ambient air quality
standards in tribal lands.
The Congressional Review Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, the
agency promulgating the rule must
submit a rule report, which includes a
copy of the rule, to each House of the
Congress and to the Comptroller General
of the United States. EPA will submit a
report containing this action and other
required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA,
petitions for judicial review of this
action must be filed in the United States
Court of Appeals for the appropriate
circuit by September 8, 2020. Filing a
petition for reconsideration by the
Administrator of this final rule does not
affect the finality of this action for the
purposes of judicial review nor does it
extend the time within which a petition
for judicial review may be filed, and
shall not postpone the effectiveness of
such rule or action. This action may not
be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. (See section
307(b)(2).)
Dated: June 15, 2020.
Cheryl Newton,
Deputy Regional Administrator, Region 5.
For the reasons stated in the
preamble, EPA amends Title 40 CFR
parts 52 and 81 as follows:
PART 52—APPROVAL AND
PROMULGATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
1. The authority citation for part 52
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Section 52.2585 is amended by
adding paragraph (ll) to read as follows:
■
§ 52.2585
Control strategy: Ozone.
*
*
*
*
*
(ll) Redesignation. Approval—On
October 9, 2019, Wisconsin submitted a
request to redesignate the Inland
Sheboygan County area to attainment of
the 2008 8-hour ozone standard. As part
of the redesignation request, the State
submitted a maintenance plan as
required by section 175A of the Clean
Air Act. Elements of the section 175
maintenance plan include a contingency
plan and an obligation to submit a
subsequent maintenance plan revision
in eight years as required by the Clean
Air Act. The ozone maintenance plan
also establishes 2020 and 2030 Motor
Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for
the area. The 2020 MVEBs for the Inland
Sheboygan County area are 0.65 tons per
hot summer day for VOC and 1.16 tons
per hot summer day for NOX. The 2030
MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan
County area are 0.34 tons per hot
summer day for VOC and 0.54 tons per
hot summer day for NOX.
PART 81—DESIGNATION OF AREAS
FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING
PURPOSES
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Volatile
organic compounds.
40 CFR Part 81
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, National parks,
Wilderness areas.
PO 00000
Frm 00084
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
3. The authority citation for part 81
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
4. In Section 81.350, amend the table
‘‘Wisconsin—2008 8-Hour Ozone
NAAQS [Primary and Secondary]’’ by
revising the entry for ‘‘Inland
Sheboygan County, WI’’ to read as
follows:
■
§ 81.350
*
E:\FR\FM\10JYR1.SGM
*
Wisconsin.
*
10JYR1
*
*
41405
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 133 / Friday, July 10, 2020 / Rules and Regulations
WISCONSIN—2008 8-HOUR OZONE NAAQS
[Primary and secondary]
Designation
Classification
Designated area
Date 1
*
*
*
*
Inland Sheboygan County, WI 25 .............................................................
Sheboygan County (part):
Exclusive and west of the following roadways going from the
northern county boundary to the southern county boundary:
Highway 43, Wilson Lima Road, Minderhaud Road, County
Road KK/Town Line Road, N 10th Street, County Road A
S/Center Avenue, Gibbons Road, Hoftiezer Road, Highway
32, Palmer Road/Smies Road/Palmer Road, Amsterdam
Road/County Road RR, Termaat Road.
*
*
*
7/10/2020
*
Date 1
Type
*
Attainment.
*
Type
*
*
*
*
1 This
date is July 20, 2012, unless otherwise noted.
2 Excludes Indian country located in each area, unless otherwise noted.
5 Attainment date is extended to July 20, 2019 for both Inland Sheboygan County, WI, and Shoreline Sheboygan County, WI, nonattainment
areas.
*
*
*
*
Sheboygan area. EPA is also approving
Wisconsin’s VOC reasonably available
control technology (RACT) SIP
revisions. Finally, EPA is approving the
Wisconsin SIP as meeting the applicable
base year inventory requirement,
emission statement requirements, VOC
RACT requirements, motor vehicle
inspection and maintenance (I/M)
program requirements, and NOX RACT
requirements.
*
[FR Doc. 2020–13468 Filed 7–9–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
[EPA–R05–OAR–2020–0097; EPA–R05–
OAR–2020–0199; EPA–R05–OAR–2020–
0200; FRL–10011–90–Region 5]
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) finds that the Shoreline
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin area is
attaining the 2008 primary and
secondary ozone National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS), and is
approving a request from the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources
(WDNR) to redesignate the area to
attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS
because the request meets the statutory
requirements for redesignation under
the Clean Air Act (CAA). EPA is
approving, as a revision to the
Wisconsin State Implementation Plan
(SIP), the State’s plan for maintaining
the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2032 in
the Shoreline Sheboygan area. EPA
finds adequate and is approving
Wisconsin’s 2025 and 2032 volatile
organic compound (VOC) and oxides of
nitrogen (NOX) Motor Vehicle Emission
Budgets (MVEBs) for the Shoreline
jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with RULES
SUMMARY:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
16:12 Jul 09, 2020
Jkt 250001
This final rule is effective on July
10, 2020.
DATES:
Air Plan Approval; Wisconsin;
Redesignation of the Shoreline
Sheboygan, WI Area to Attainment of
the 2008 Ozone Standards
EPA has established dockets
for this action under Docket ID No.
EPA–R05–OAR–2020–0097, Docket ID
No. EPA–R05–OAR–2020–0199, and
Docket ID No. EPA–R05–OAR–2020–
0200. All documents in the dockets are
listed on the www.regulations.gov
website. Although listed in the index,
some information is not publicly
available, i.e., Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on
the internet and will be publicly
available only in hard copy form.
Publicly available docket materials are
available either through
www.regulations.gov or at the
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
Illinois 60604. This facility is open from
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding Federal holidays and
facility closures due to COVID 19. We
recommend that you telephone Eric
Svingen, Environmental Engineer, at
(312) 353–4489 before visiting the
Region 5 office.
ADDRESSES:
PO 00000
Frm 00085
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
Eric
Svingen, Environmental Engineer,
Attainment Planning and Maintenance
Section, Air Programs Branch (AR–18J),
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353–4489,
svingen.eric@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Throughout this document whenever
‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ or ‘‘our’’ is used, we mean
EPA.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
I. What is being addressed in this
document?
This rule approves the February 11,
2020 and April 1, 2020 submissions
from Wisconsin requesting
redesignation of the Shoreline
Sheboygan area to attainment for the
2008 ozone standard. The background
for this action is discussed in detail in
EPA’s proposal, dated May 13, 2020 (85
FR 28550). In that rulemaking, we noted
that, under EPA regulations at 40 CFR
part 50, the 2008 ozone NAAQS is
attained in an area when the 3-year
average of the annual fourth highest
daily maximum 8-hour average
concentration (i.e., the design value) is
equal to or less than 0.075 parts per
million (ppm), when truncated after the
thousandth decimal place, at all ozone
monitoring sites in the area. (See 40 CFR
50.15 and appendix P to 40 CFR part
50.) The level of the 2008 ozone NAAQS
is often expressed as 75 parts per billion
(ppb). Under the CAA, EPA may
redesignate nonattainment areas to
attainment if complete, quality-assured
data show that the area has attained the
standard and the area meets the other
CAA redesignation requirements in
section 107(d)(3)(E). The proposed rule
E:\FR\FM\10JYR1.SGM
10JYR1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 133 (Friday, July 10, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 41400-41405]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-13468]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 52 and 81
[EPA-R05-OAR-2019-0557; FRL-10011-17-Region 5]
Air Plan Approval; Wisconsin; Redesignation of the Inland
Sheboygan, WI Area to Attainment of the 2008 Ozone Standards
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finds that the
Inland Sheboygan County, Wisconsin area is attaining the 2008 primary
and secondary ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and
is approving a request from the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources (WDNR) to redesignate the area to attainment for the 2008
ozone NAAQS because the request meets the statutory requirements for
redesignation under
[[Page 41401]]
the Clean Air Act (CAA). WDNR submitted this request on October 9,
2019. EPA is approving, as a revision to the Wisconsin State
Implementation Plan (SIP), the State's plan for maintaining the 2008
ozone NAAQS through 2030 in the Inland Sheboygan area. EPA finds
adequate and is approving Wisconsin's 2020 and 2030 volatile organic
compound (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) Motor Vehicle
Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the Inland Sheboygan. Finally, EPA is
approving the Wisconsin SIP submission as meeting the applicable base
year inventory requirement, emission statement requirements, VOC
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) requirements, motor
vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program requirements, and
NOX RACT requirements.
DATES: This final rule is effective on July 10, 2020.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID
No. EPA-R05-OAR-2019-0557. All documents in the docket are listed on
the www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either
through www.regulations.gov or at the Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, Illinois 60604. This facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays and facility
closures due to COVID 19. We recommend that you telephone Eric Svingen,
Environmental Engineer, at (312) 353-4489 before visiting the Region 5
office.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eric Svingen, Environmental Engineer,
Attainment Planning and Maintenance Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-
18J), Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353-4489,
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,''
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA.
I. What is being addressed in this document?
This rule approves the October 9, 2019 submission from Wisconsin
requesting redesignation of the Inland Sheboygan area to attainment for
the 2008 ozone standard. The background for this action is discussed in
detail in EPA's proposal, dated April 27, 2020 (85 FR 23274). In that
rulemaking, we noted that, under EPA regulations at 40 CFR part 50, the
2008 ozone NAAQS is attained in an area when the 3-year average of the
annual fourth highest daily maximum 8-hour average concentration is
equal to or less than 0.075 ppm, when truncated after the thousandth
decimal place, at all ozone monitoring sites in the area. (See 40 CFR
50.15 and appendix P to 40 CFR part 50.) Under the CAA, EPA may
redesignate nonattainment areas to attainment if complete, quality-
assured data are available to determine that the area has attained the
standard and meets the other CAA redesignation requirements in section
107(d)(3)(E). The proposed rule provides a detailed discussion of how
Wisconsin has met these CAA requirements, and EPA's rationale for
approving the redesignation request and related SIP submissions.
As discussed in the proposed rule, quality-assured and certified
monitoring data for 2017-2019 show that the area has attained the 2008
ozone standard, and EPA has determined that the attainment is due to
permanent and enforceable measures. Preliminary data for 2020 show that
the area continues to attain the standard. In the maintenance plan
submitted for the area, Wisconsin has demonstrated that the ozone
standard will be maintained in the area through 2030. Wisconsin has
adopted 2020 and 2030 VOC and NOX MVEBs for the area that
are supported by Wisconsin's maintenance demonstration. With these
approvals of Wisconsin's SIP submissions, EPA finds that the applicable
requirements of the SIP are fully approved.
II. What comments did we receive on the proposed rule?
Public comments on the April 27, 2020 proposed rule were due by May
27, 2020. During the comment period EPA received three comments in
support of our action, as well as one adverse comment. EPA received an
additional supportive comment from Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce;
however, this comment was submitted on May 29, 2020, after the comment
period had ended. Because EPA is obligated to respond only to comments
that are both adverse and timely, the supportive comment submitted
after the close of the comment period is not relevant to this action. A
summary of the adverse comment and EPA's response is provided below.
Comment: Sheboygan Ozone Reduction Alliance (SORA), a citizen group
focused on reducing air pollution and advocating for public health,
provided three reasons for opposing this action.
First, SORA contends that the Inland Sheboygan area was created
retroactively in 2019 without adequate scientific basis. The commenter
writes that the boundary of the Inland Sheboygan area for the 2008
ozone NAAQS was based on the boundary for the Sheboygan County
nonattainment area for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.\1\ The commenter contends
that the boundary for the Sheboygan County nonattainment area for the
2015 ozone NAAQS was created without adequate basis, that the
nonattainment area for the 2015 ozone NAAQS excludes several major
point sources, and that EPA must resolve litigation regarding
designations for the 2015 ozone NAAQS before EPA can make a
determination of attainment for areas created as a result of, or based
on, designations for the 2015 ozone NAAQS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ We note that the commenter also cited the revised boundary
for the revoked 1997 ozone NAAQS, but that standard is not at issue
in this redesignation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Second, SORA contends that the Sheboygan Haven monitor may not be
properly sited to capture maximum ozone concentrations. The commenter
contends that neither WDNR nor EPA have demonstrated that the Sheboygan
Haven monitor is capable of capturing maximum ozone concentrations in
the nonattainment area, and that such a capability was never
scrutinized because the Sheboygan Haven monitor was originally sited as
a secondary monitor for the original full-county nonattainment area.
The commenter states that on six days during the 1991 Lake Michigan
Ozone Study (LMOS), a monitor 8.6 miles inland from the shoreline
recorded ozone values greater than or equal to the values recorded at
the shoreline monitor. Similarly, from 1999 to 2003, a monitor 5.3
miles from the shoreline also recorded numerous ozone values greater
than or equal to the values recorded at the shoreline monitor. The
commenter acknowledges that ozone chemistry may have changed over the
last three decades but contends that the burden of proof should rest on
EPA and WDNR to demonstrate that values recorded at the Sheboygan Haven
[[Page 41402]]
monitor are representative of maximum ozone concentrations in the
Inland Sheboygan area.
Third, SORA contends that emissions from the Inland Sheboygan area
contribute to the nonattainment of downwind areas. The commenter states
that a redesignation to attainment would reduce permitting
requirements, which could exacerbate the effects of emissions from the
Inland Sheboygan area on downwind nonattainment areas. The commenter
believes that the existence of two separate nonattainment areas in
Sheboygan County makes it more difficult to effectively manage air
quality issues.
Response: EPA thanks SORA for its comments. As discussed below, EPA
finds that approval of Wisconsin's request to redesignate the Inland
Sheboygan area is consistent with the requirements of CAA section
107(d)(3)(E).
First, EPA disagrees that the Inland Sheboygan area was created
retroactively without adequate scientific basis. On July 15, 2019, EPA
revised the 2008 ozone NAAQS designation for the original full-county
Sheboygan nonattainment area, by splitting the original area into two
distinct nonattainment areas that together cover the identical
geographic area of the original nonattainment area (84 FR 33699). In
determining whether to take this action under CAA section 107(d)(3)(D),
EPA considered the same factors Congress directed EPA to consider under
CAA section 107(d)(3)(A), including ``air quality data, planning and
control considerations, or any other air quality-related considerations
the Administrator deems appropriate.'' In a 22-page Technical Support
Document (TSD) contained in the docket for that rulemaking, EPA
provided the technical basis for its revision, which was based on an
analysis of factors including air quality data, emissions and
emissions-related data, meteorology, geography/topography, and
jurisdictional boundaries.
In defining the boundaries of the Inland Sheboygan area and
Shoreline Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS, EPA considered
existing jurisdictional boundaries, which can provide easily
identifiable and recognized boundaries for purposes of implementing the
NAAQS. After considering all relevant factors, EPA chose to adopt a
boundary for the two separate areas for the 2008 ozone NAAQS that
aligned with the jurisdictional boundary established by the partial-
county Sheboygan County area for the 2015 ozone NAAQS. However, the
July 15, 2019 action was based on EPA's technical analysis specific to
the 2008 ozone NAAQS, as provided in the TSD. During the public comment
period on that rulemaking, EPA received no adverse comments, and EPA's
final action was not challenged in court.
We therefore disagree that the current litigation in the D.C.
Circuit regarding the 2015 ozone designations (Clean Wisconsin et al.
v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency et al., Case No. 18-1203 (D.C.
Cir.)) has any bearing on this redesignation. One of the claims at
issue in the litigation is whether EPA's partial-county designation of
the Sheboygan area under the 2015 ozone NAAQS was supported by law. But
even if the court were to grant challenges to the designation for the
2015 ozone NAAQS, that finding would not impact the existing boundaries
of the Inland Sheboygan nonattainment area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
The claims raised regarding EPA's technical analysis associated with
designations for the 2015 standard are irrelevant to this redesignation
action, which is focused on whether the Inland Sheboygan area has met
the statutory criteria of CAA section 107(d)(3)(E).
Second, EPA disagrees that it may not rely on quality-assured,
certified air quality monitoring data from the Sheboygan Haven monitor
to determine whether the Inland Sheboygan area is attaining. The
Sheboygan Haven monitor began operation in 2014, has been in continuous
operation since, and in the many opportunities for public comment
regarding this monitor, nobody has raised any concerns about the
monitor site.
Each year the state submits to EPA an Air Monitoring Network Plan,
which is subject to public comment (see 40 CFR 58.10 \2\), and in none
of five plan reviews conducted since the monitor was sited did any
member of the public raise concerns regarding the representativeness or
location of the Sheboygan Haven monitor. In 2019 SORA commented on
Wisconsin's most recent Air Monitoring Network Plan, but only raised
concerns regarding the proposed discontinuation of the Sheboygan Kohler
Andrae monitor along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Their comment did not
indicate any concerns about the Sheboygan Haven monitor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ ``The annual monitoring network plan must be made available
for public inspection and comment for at least 30 days prior to
submission to the EPA and the submitted plan shall include and
address, as appropriate, any received comments.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA also stated in its proposal to split Sheboygan County into two
nonattainment areas for the 2008 ozone NAAQS that only one air quality
monitor would be in each of the two new nonattainment areas (84 FR
4422, 4424 and 4425 \3\), and received no comments. In that action, EPA
also relied on the Sheboygan Haven monitor to propose a clean data
determination for the Inland Sheboygan area, based on the monitor's
attaining 2015-2017 design value, which we later finalized based on the
area's 2016-2018 attaining design value. EPA received no comments on
its proposed determination that the area was attaining based on air
quality monitoring data from the Sheboygan Haven monitor. We therefore
do not agree that it is unreasonable for EPA to rely on data from the
Sheboygan Haven monitor as representative of air quality in the Inland
Sheboygan area.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ 84 FR at 4424 and 4425 (``The Sheboygan Haven monitor with
site ID 55-117-009 is the only FRM ozone monitor within the proposed
separate Inland Sheboygan area.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
We also do not agree that the Sheboygan Haven monitor's original
siting as a secondary monitor in the full-county 2008 ozone NAAQS area
is dispositive of whether it can be relied upon now as the Inland
Sheboygan area's sole monitor. As provided in the 2015 Air Monitoring
Network Plan, the Sheboygan Haven site's objective was population
exposure, and its area of representativeness was ``exposure on a
neighborhood scale for ozone.'' The representativeness ``neighborhood
scale'' is defined in appendix D to 40 CFR part 58 as representative of
``conditions throughout some reasonably homogenous urban sub-region''
and the definition further provides that ``a site located in the
neighborhood scale may also experience peak concentration levels within
a metropolitan area.''
We do not agree that the two nonextant Sheboygan County monitors
raised by the commenter indicate that the Sheboygan Haven monitor is an
unreliable indicator of ozone concentrations in the Inland Sheboygan
area. The first, from the 1991 LMOS study, was located 8.6 miles inland
from the shoreline; the second, which operated from 1999 to 2003, was
located 5.3 miles from the shoreline. During the time that these
monitors were active, they observed ozone concentrations that would
have been exceedances of the 2008 ozone NAAQS. On several days these
monitors recorded ozone values greater than or equal to the values
recorded at the shoreline monitor. However, we do not think these
isolated, outdated readings at monitors
[[Page 41403]]
that are no longer operational are more representative or should
overrule the Sheboygan Haven monitor, which is part of the state's
approved Air Monitoring Network. Ozone values in Sheboygan County have
decreased significantly over the past three decades. EPA's April 27,
2020 proposed rule includes a discussion of the permanent and
enforceable regulatory control measures, including reductions from
vehicle emissions standards and stationary source NOX
trading programs implemented since 2000, which caused the improvement
in air quality. Given those major changes in emissions, and without a
technical basis to do so, we do not think it is reasonable to assume
that ozone chemistry in this region necessarily behaves in the same way
it may have in the 1990s and early 2000s. Nor do we think it advisable
to rely on inferences from old data over newer monitored air quality
data.
Importantly, EPA notes that the commenter does not allege that any
part of the area is not currently meeting the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Consistent with the requirements of CAA section 107(d)(3)(E), EPA finds
that the Inland Sheboygan area is attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
Third, although the commenter did not specify, we assume the
``reduced permitting requirements'' cited by SORA that would result
from the area's redesignation is the change from the nonattainment new
source review (NNSR) program to the prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) program for new or modified major stationary
sources. An area's designation status dictates which of these programs
apply (NNSR for nonattainment areas and PSD for attainment areas), and
nothing in the CAA allows EPA to continue to impose NNSR in an area
where all five statutory criteria for redesignation of that area to
attainment have been met. Nor does the CAA suggest that a potential
impact from the change in an area's permitting regime after that area
is redesignated, on other in-state, downwind nonattainment areas is a
valid basis for disapproving that area's request for redesignation.
Finally, we note that while EPA's technical analysis for the 2015 ozone
NAAQS did indicate some contribution from the Inland Sheboygan area to
the Door County, WI area, the Manitowoc County, WI area, as well as the
Sheboygan County, WI area (which covers the identical geographic area
as the Shoreline Sheboygan area for the 2008 ozone NAAQS), that
analysis was performed for a more stringent standard, and with respect
to the 2008 ozone NAAQS, all three of those areas have attaining design
values for the 2017-2019 period.
Finally, as stated in our April 27, 2020 proposed rule, EPA did not
reopen our final July 15, 2019 action to split the original Sheboygan
nonattainment area into two distinct nonattainment areas, so comments
to that effect are beyond the scope of this action. In this action, EPA
is only evaluating the State's redesignation request under the criteria
at CAA section 107(d)(3)(E).
III. What action is EPA taking?
EPA is determining that the Inland Sheboygan nonattainment area is
attaining the 2008 ozone NAAQS, based on quality-assured and certified
monitoring data for 2017-2019. EPA is approving Wisconsin's 2011 base
year emissions inventory, emission statement certification SIP, VOC
RACT SIP, I/M certification SIP, and NOX RACT certification
SIP, and is determining that the area meets the requirements for
redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. EPA is thus
changing the legal designation of the Inland Sheboygan area from
nonattainment to attainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. EPA is also
approving, as a revision to the Wisconsin SIP, the State's maintenance
plan for the area. The maintenance plan is designed to keep the Inland
Sheboygan area in attainment of the 2008 ozone NAAQS through 2030. EPA
finds adequate and is approving the newly-established 2020 and 2030
MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan area.
In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553(d) of the Administrative Procedure
Act (APA), EPA finds there is good cause for these actions to become
effective immediately upon publication. The immediate effective date
for this action is authorized under both 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1) and section
553(d)(3).
Section 553(d)(1) of the APA provides that final rules shall not
become effective until 30 days after publication in the Federal
Register ``except . . . a substantive rule which grants or recognizes
an exemption or relieves a restriction.'' The purpose of this provision
is to ``give affected parties a reasonable time to adjust their
behavior before the final rule takes effect.'' Omnipoint Corp. v. Fed.
Commc'n Comm'n, 78 F.3d 620, 630 (D.C. Cir. 1996); see also United
States v. Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d 1099, 1104 (8th Cir. 1977) (quoting
legislative history). However, when the agency grants or recognizes an
exemption or relieves a restriction, affected parties do not need a
reasonable time to adjust because the effect is not adverse. EPA has
determined that this rule relieves a restriction because this rule
relieves sources in the area of NNSR permitting requirements; instead,
upon the effective date of this action, sources will be subject to less
restrictive PSD permitting requirements.
Section 553(d)(3) of the APA provides that final rules shall not
become effective until 30 days after publication in the Federal
Register ``except . . . as otherwise provided by the agency for good
cause.'' The purpose of this provision is to ``give affected parties a
reasonable time to adjust their behavior before the final rule takes
effect.'' Omnipoint Corp. v. Fed. Commc'n Comm'n, 78 F.3d 620, 630
(D.C. Cir. 1996); see also United States v. Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d 1099,
1104 (8th Cir. 1977) (quoting legislative history). Thus, in
determining whether good cause exists to waive the 30-day delay, an
agency should ``balance the necessity for immediate implementation
against principles of fundamental fairness which require that all
affected persons be afforded a reasonable amount of time to prepare for
the effective date of its ruling.'' Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d at 1105. EPA
has determined that there is good cause for making this final rule
effective immediately because this rule does not create any new
regulatory requirements such that affected parties would need time to
prepare before the rule takes effect. On balance, EPA finds affected
parties would benefit from the immediate ability to comply with PSD
requirements, instead of delaying by 30 days the transition from NNSR
to PSD.
For these reasons, EPA finds good cause under both 5 U.S.C.
553(d)(1) and U.S.C. 553(d)(3) for these actions to become effective on
the date of publication of these actions.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under the CAA, redesignation of an area to attainment and the
accompanying approval of a maintenance plan under section 107(d)(3)(E)
are actions that affect the status of a geographical area and do not
impose any additional regulatory requirements on sources beyond those
imposed by state law. A redesignation to attainment does not in and of
itself create any new requirements, but rather results in the
applicability of requirements contained in the CAA for areas that have
been redesignated to attainment. Moreover, the Administrator is
required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions
of the CAA and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40
CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to
approve state choices,
[[Page 41404]]
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this
action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and
does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state
law. For that reason, this action:
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58
FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 2,
2017) regulatory action because it is not a significant regulatory
action under Executive Order 12866;
Does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
Is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
Does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
Is not an economically significant regulatory action based
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997);
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the CAA; and
Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian
reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has
demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian
country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose
substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000),
because redesignation is an action that affects the status of a
geographical area and does not impose any new regulatory requirements
on tribes, impact any existing sources of air pollution on tribal
lands, nor impair the maintenance of ozone national ambient air quality
standards in tribal lands.
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review
of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for
the appropriate circuit by September 8, 2020. Filing a petition for
reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect
the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor
does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may
be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or
action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds.
40 CFR Part 81
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, National parks,
Wilderness areas.
Dated: June 15, 2020.
Cheryl Newton,
Deputy Regional Administrator, Region 5.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, EPA amends Title 40 CFR
parts 52 and 81 as follows:
PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
0
2. Section 52.2585 is amended by adding paragraph (ll) to read as
follows:
Sec. 52.2585 Control strategy: Ozone.
* * * * *
(ll) Redesignation. Approval--On October 9, 2019, Wisconsin
submitted a request to redesignate the Inland Sheboygan County area to
attainment of the 2008 8-hour ozone standard. As part of the
redesignation request, the State submitted a maintenance plan as
required by section 175A of the Clean Air Act. Elements of the section
175 maintenance plan include a contingency plan and an obligation to
submit a subsequent maintenance plan revision in eight years as
required by the Clean Air Act. The ozone maintenance plan also
establishes 2020 and 2030 Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for
the area. The 2020 MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan County area are 0.65
tons per hot summer day for VOC and 1.16 tons per hot summer day for
NOX. The 2030 MVEBs for the Inland Sheboygan County area are
0.34 tons per hot summer day for VOC and 0.54 tons per hot summer day
for NOX.
PART 81--DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES
0
3. The authority citation for part 81 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
0
4. In Section 81.350, amend the table ``Wisconsin--2008 8-Hour Ozone
NAAQS [Primary and Secondary]'' by revising the entry for ``Inland
Sheboygan County, WI'' to read as follows:
Sec. 81.350 Wisconsin.
* * * * *
[[Page 41405]]
Wisconsin--2008 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS
[Primary and secondary]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Designation Classification
Designated area -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date \1\ Type Date \1\ Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Inland Sheboygan County, WI \25\ 7/10/2020 Attainment............
Sheboygan County (part):
Exclusive and west of
the following roadways
going from the northern
county boundary to the
southern county
boundary: Highway 43,
Wilson Lima Road,
Minderhaud Road, County
Road KK/Town Line Road,
N 10th Street, County
Road A S/Center Avenue,
Gibbons Road, Hoftiezer
Road, Highway 32,
Palmer Road/Smies Road/
Palmer Road, Amsterdam
Road/County Road RR,
Termaat Road.
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This date is July 20, 2012, unless otherwise noted.
\2\ Excludes Indian country located in each area, unless otherwise noted.
\5\ Attainment date is extended to July 20, 2019 for both Inland Sheboygan County, WI, and Shoreline Sheboygan
County, WI, nonattainment areas.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-13468 Filed 7-9-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P