Air Plan Approval; Kentucky; Infrastructure Requirements for the 2015 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 14442-14449 [2020-05013]
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include the conversion rate from the
foreign currency to U.S. dollars, and
calculation of the invoice, estimate, or
bill of sale amount in U.S. dollars.
(3) VA will reimburse or pay labor
costs as follows:
(i) For any labor costs associated with
the installation of adaptive equipment
by a registered provider, VA will
reimburse or pay the lesser of:
(A) The relevant Schedule hourly
labor rate, per paragraph (b) of this
section, multiplied by the number of
hours listed by the registered provider;
(B) The labor costs included in the
itemized estimate; or
(C) The hourly labor rate provided by
the registered provider in the final
itemized invoice multiplied by the
number of hours listed by the registered
provider.
(ii) VA does not reimburse or pay
labor costs for pre-installed (i.e., original
equipment manufacturer) equipment.
(iii) VA does not reimburse or pay
labor costs of unregistered providers.
(4) New adaptive equipment. VA will
reimburse an eligible person who meets
the requirements of (b)(2)(i) or (ii) of this
section, or pay a registered provider
who meets the requirements of (b)(2)(iii)
of this section for new adaptive
equipment (including equipment that
has been installed or used for one year
or less from the date of manufacture
listed in the Schedule as follows:
(i) VA will pay the lesser of the
amount for the new adaptive equipment
listed in either a final itemized: (1)
Invoice, (2) paid receipt, or (3) bill of
sale for the purchase; or (4) the amount
listed in the Schedule.
(ii) VA will reimburse or pay any
labor costs consistent with paragraph
(b)(3) of this section.
(5) Used adaptive equipment. For
used adaptive equipment listed in the
Schedule that is more than one (1) year
old from the date of manufacture:
(i) VA will depreciate it by twenty
(20%) percent per year from the time
the equipment was pre-installed or
installed as new on an automobile or
other conveyance to the time of its
reinstallation for which reimbursement
or payment is being sought for a period
up to five (5) years. VA will reimburse
an eligible person, who meets the
requirements of (b)(2)(i) or (ii) of this
section, or pay a registered provider
who meets the requirements of (b)(2)(iii)
of this section the lesser of the amount
of the adaptive equipment listed in the
final itemized invoice, paid receipt, or
bill of sale for the purchase or the
amount listed in the Schedule reduced
by twenty (20%) percent for each year
from the time the equipment was preinstalled or installed on the automobile
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or other conveyance for a period up to
five (5) years.
(ii) VA will reimburse or pay any
labor costs consistent with paragraph
(b)(3) of this section, but will not
reimburse or pay labor costs for used
equipment that is more than five (5)
years old from the date of manufacture.
(6) Unlisted adaptive equipment. For
adaptive equipment not listed in the
Schedule but meeting the definition of
adaptive equipment in 38 CFR 17.157,
VA will reimburse an eligible person
who meets the requirements of (b)(2)(i)
or (ii) of this section, or pay a registered
provider who meets the requirements of
(b)(2)(iii) of this section:
(i) The lesser of the cost of the
adaptive equipment when equal to or
less than what VA has paid for a similar
item in the past or, when available, the
commercially available price for a
similar item. If the price of a similar
commercially available item is not
available, or VA has not previously paid
for a similar item, VA will pay or
reimburse the billed charges.
(ii) VA will reimburse or pay any
labor costs consistent with paragraph
(b)(3) of this section.
(7) VA will establish the Schedule for
each fiscal year after September 30,
2019 and publish that Schedule on a
publicly accessible page on the
www.prosthetics.va.gov website. VA
will increase the reimbursement
amounts in the Schedule using the
indices for two expenditure categories
of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for
All Urban Consumers. The index for the
expenditure category for ‘‘motor vehicle
parts and equipment’’ will be used to
calculate the increase in the
reimbursement amounts for adaptive
equipment on the Schedule, and the
index for ‘‘motor vehicle maintenance
and repair’’ will be used to calculate the
increase in the reimbursement amounts
for labor. Such increases to the
Schedule for adaptive equipment and
labor will be equal to the percentage by
which the respective index increased
during the 12-month period ending with
the last month for which CPI data is
available. In the event that such index
does not increase during such period,
there will be no change to the Schedule
for the reimbursement amounts for
which the index is used to calculate
increases. The amounts for the new
fiscal year will be rounded up to the
whole dollar amount.
(c) Repair of used adaptive
equipment. Reimbursement or payment
for a repair to an item of used adaptive
equipment may be provided for
adaptive equipment installed on an
automobile or other conveyance that
meets the limitations of paragraph (a) of
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this section. VA will pay or reimburse
labor costs associated with the repairs in
accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this
section.
(1) For repairs to used adaptive
equipment, VA will reimburse the
eligible person meeting the
requirements of (b)(2)(i) or (ii) of this
section as follows: the lesser of the
amount of the adaptive equipment listed
in either a final itemized: (1) Invoice, (2)
paid receipt, or (3) bill of sale for the
purchase.
(2) For repairs to used adaptive
equipment, VA will reimburse a
registered provider meeting the
requirements of (b)(2)(iii) of this section
as follows: The lesser of the amount of
the adaptive equipment listed in the
final itemized (1) invoice, (2) paid
receipt, or (3) bill of sale for the
purchase.
(The Office of Management and
Budget has approved the information
collection requirements in this section
under control number 2900–0188.)
[FR Doc. 2020–04564 Filed 3–11–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8320–01–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA–R04–OAR–2019–0217; FRL–10006–
37–Region 4]
Air Plan Approval; Kentucky;
Infrastructure Requirements for the
2015 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient
Air Quality Standard
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve
portions of the State Implementation
Plan (SIP) submission, provided by the
Commonwealth of Kentucky, Energy
and Environment Cabinet, Department
for Environmental Protection, through
the Kentucky Division for Air Quality
(KDAQ), on January 9, 2019, to
demonstrate that the Commonwealth
meets the infrastructure requirements of
the Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) for the
2015 8-hour ozone national ambient air
quality standard (NAAQS). Whenever
EPA promulgates a new or revised
NAAQS, the CAA requires that each
state adopt and submit a SIP for the
implementation, maintenance and
enforcement of each such NAAQS.
KDAQ certified that the Kentucky SIP
contains provisions that ensure the 2015
8-hour ozone NAAQS is implemented,
enforced, and maintained in Kentucky.
SUMMARY:
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EPA is proposing to determine that
Kentucky’s submission addresses
certain infrastructure elements for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
DATES: Written comments must be
received on or before April 13, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R04–
OAR–2019–0217 at https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
Once submitted, comments cannot be
edited or removed from Regulations.gov.
EPA may publish any comment received
to its public docket. Do not submit
electronically any information you
consider to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Multimedia submissions (audio, video,
etc.) must be accompanied by a written
comment. The written comment is
considered the official comment and
should include discussion of all points
you wish to make. EPA will generally
not consider comments or comment
contents located outside of the primary
submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or
other file sharing system). For
additional submission methods, the full
EPA public comment policy,
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on
making effective comments, please visit
https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory
Management Section, Air Planning and
Implementation Branch, Air and
Radiation Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth
Street SW, Atlanta, Georgia 30303–8960.
Ms. Bell can be reached via electronic
mail at bell.tiereny@epa.gov or the
telephone number (404) 562–9088.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On October 1, 2015, (published on
October 26, 2015 (80 FR 65292)), EPA
promulgated a revised primary and
secondary NAAQS for ozone revising
the 8-hour ozone NAAQS from 0.075
parts per million (ppm) to a new more
protective level of 0.070 ppm. Pursuant
to section 110(a)(1) of the CAA, states
are required to submit SIP revisions
meeting the applicable requirements of
section 110(a)(2) within three years after
promulgation of a new or revised
NAAQS or within such shorter period
as EPA may prescribe. Section 110(a)(2)
requires states to address basic SIP
elements such as requirements for
monitoring, basic program requirements
and legal authority that are designed to
assure attainment and maintenance of
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the NAAQS. This particular type of SIP
is commonly referred to as an
‘‘infrastructure SIP.’’ States were
required to submit such SIPs for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS to EPA no
later than October 1, 2018.1
This rulemaking is proposing to
approve portions of Kentucky’s January
9, 2019, ozone infrastructure SIP
submission for the applicable
requirements of the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS, with the exception of the
interstate transport provisions of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) pertaining to
contribution to nonattainment or
interference with maintenance in other
states; the prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) provisions related to
major sources under sections
110(a)(2)(C), 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), and
110(a)(2)(J); and air quality modeling
and submission of modeling data under
sections 110(a)(2)(K). With respect to
the interstate transport provisions of
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), the PSD
provisions related to major sources
under sections 110(a)(2)(C),
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), and 110(a)(2)(J), and
the air quality modeling provisions
under section 110(a)(2)(K), EPA will
address these in separate rulemaking
actions.
II. What elements are required under
sections 110(a)(1) and (2)?
Section 110(a) of the CAA requires
states to submit SIPs to provide for the
implementation, maintenance, and
enforcement of a new or revised
NAAQS within three years following
the promulgation of such NAAQS, or
within such shorter period as EPA may
prescribe. Section 110(a) imposes the
obligation upon states to make a SIP
submission to EPA for a new or revised
NAAQS, but the contents of that
submission may vary depending upon
the facts and circumstances. In
particular, the data and analytical tools
available at the time the state develops
and submits the SIP for a new or revised
NAAQS affects the content of the
submission. The contents of such SIP
submissions may also vary depending
upon what provisions the state’s
existing SIP already contains.2
1 In these infrastructure SIP submissions States
generally certify evidence of compliance with
sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of the CAA through a
combination of state regulations and statutes, some
of which have been incorporated into the federallyapproved SIP. In addition, certain federallyapproved, non-SIP regulations may also be
appropriate for demonstrating compliance with
sections 110(a)(1) and (2).
2 Throughout this rulemaking, unless otherwise
indicated, the term ‘‘Kentucky Administrative
Regulations’’ or ‘‘KAR’’ indicates that the cited
regulation has been approved into Kentucky’s
federally-approved SIP. The term ‘‘KRS’’ indicates
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14443
More specifically, section 110(a)(1)
provides the procedural and timing
requirements for SIPs. Section 110(a)(2)
lists specific elements that states must
meet for ‘‘infrastructure’’ SIP
requirements related to a newly
established or revised NAAQS. As
mentioned above, these requirements
include basic SIP elements such as
requirements for monitoring, basic
program requirements and legal
authority that are designed to assure
attainment and maintenance of the
NAAQS. The requirements of Section
110(a)(2) are listed below and
summarized in Section IV, and in EPA’s
September 13, 2013, memorandum
entitled ‘‘Guidance on Infrastructure
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
Elements under Clean Air Act Sections
110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2).’’ 3
• 110(a)(2)(A): Emission Limits and
Other Control Measures
• 110(a)(2)(B): Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring/Data System
• 110(a)(2)(C): Programs for
Enforcement of Control Measures and
for Construction or Modification of
Stationary Sources 4
• 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II): Interstate
Pollution Transport
• 110(a)(2)(D)(ii): Interstate Pollution
Abatement and International Air
Pollution
• 110(a)(2)(E): Adequate Resources
and Authority, Conflict of Interest, and
Oversight of Local Governments and
Regional Agencies
• 110(a)(2)(F): Stationary Source
Monitoring and Reporting
• 110(a)(2)(G): Emergency Powers
• 110(a)(2)(H): SIP Revisions
• 110(a)(2)(I): Plan Revisions for
Nonattainment Areas 5
• 110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with
Government Officials, Public
cited Kentucky Revised Statutes, which govern the
Commonwealth of Kentucky and are not a part of
the SIP unless otherwise indicated.
3 Two elements identified in section 110(a)(2) are
not governed by the three-year submission deadline
of section 110(a)(1) because SIPs incorporating
necessary local nonattainment area controls are not
due within three years after promulgation of a new
or revised NAAQS, but rather are due at the time
the nonattainment area plan requirements are due
pursuant to section 172. These requirements are: (1)
Submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(C) to the
extent that subsection refers to a permit program as
required in part D, title I of the CAA; and (2)
submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(I) which
pertain to the nonattainment planning requirements
of part D, title I of the CAA. This proposed
rulemaking does not address infrastructure
elements related to section 110(a)(2)(I) or the Part
D nonattainment permitting requirements of
110(a)(2)(C).
4 As mentioned above, the Part D permit program
for construction and modification of stationary
sources is not relevant to this proposed rulemaking.
5 As also mentioned above, this element is not
relevant to this proposed rulemaking.
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Notification, and Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD) and
Visibility Protection
• 110(a)(2)(K): Air Quality Modeling
and Submission of Modeling Data
• 110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees
• 110(a)(2)(M): Consultation and
Participation by Affected Local Entities
III. What is EPA’s approach to the
review of infrastructure SIP
submissions?
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EPA is acting upon the SIP
submission from Kentucky that
addresses certain infrastructure
requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1)
and 110(a)(2) for the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS. Whenever EPA promulgates a
new or revised NAAQS, CAA section
110(a)(1) requires states to make SIP
submissions to provide for the
implementation, maintenance, and
enforcement of the NAAQS, commonly
referred to as an ‘‘infrastructure SIP.’’
These submissions must meet the
various requirements of CAA section
110(a)(2), as applicable. Due to
ambiguity in some of the language of
CAA section 110(a)(2), EPA believes
that it is appropriate to interpret these
provisions in the specific context of
acting on infrastructure SIP
submissions. EPA has previously
provided comprehensive guidance on
the application of these provisions
through a guidance document for
infrastructure SIP submissions and
through regional actions on
infrastructure submissions.6 Unless
otherwise noted below, we are following
that existing approach in acting on this
submission. In addition, in the context
of acting on such infrastructure
submissions, EPA evaluates the
submitting state’s SIP for facial
compliance with statutory and
regulatory requirements, not for the
state’s implementation of its SIP.7 EPA
has other authority to address any issues
concerning a state’s implementation of
the rules, regulations, consent orders,
etc. that comprise its SIP.
6 EPA explains and elaborates on these
ambiguities and its approach to address them in its
September 13, 2013 Infrastructure SIP Guidance
(available at https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/
urbanair/sipstatus/docs/Guidance_on_
Infrastructure_SIP_Elements_Multipollutant_
FINAL_Sept_2013.pdf), as well as in numerous
agency actions, including EPA’s prior action on
Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP to address the 2010
Nitrogen Dioxide NAAQS. (81 FR 41488 (June 27,
2016)).
7 See Mont. Envtl. Info. Ctr. v. Thomas, 902 F.3d
971 (9th Cir. 2018).
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IV. What is EPA’s analysis of how
Kentucky addressed the elements of the
sections 110(a)(1) and (2)
‘‘Infrastructure’’ provisions?
Kentucky’s January 9, 2019
infrastructure submission addresses the
provisions of sections 110(a)(1) and (2)
as described below.
1. 110(a)(2)(A) Emission Limits and
Other Control Measures: Section
110(a)(2)(A) requires that each
implementation plan include
enforceable emission limitations and
other control measures, means, or
techniques (including economic
incentives such as fees, marketable
permits, and auctions of emissions
rights), as well as schedules and
timetables for compliance, as may be
necessary or appropriate to meet the
applicable requirements.
Kentucky’s submission cites to
numerous SIP-approved regulations that
include enforceable emission limits and
other control measures found in 401
Kentucky Administrative Regulations
(KAR) Chapters 50–53, 59, 61, 63, and
65 to demonstrate that the
Commonwealth meets the requirements
of this element, including the following:
• Chapter 50 General Administrative
Procedures: 401 KAR 50:010.
Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 50; 401
KAR 50:012. General application; 401
KAR 50:015. Documents incorporated
by reference; 401 KAR 50:020. Air
quality control regions; 401 KAR 50:025.
Classification of counties; 401 KAR
50:040. Air quality models; 401 KAR
50:042. Good engineering practice stack
height; 401 KAR 50:045. Performance
tests; 401 KAR 50:047. Test procedures
for capture efficiency; 401 KAR 50:050.
Monitoring; 401 KAR 50:055. General
compliance requirements; and 401 KAR
50:060. Enforcement.
• Chapter 51 Attainment and
Maintenance of the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards: 401 KAR 51:001.
Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 51; 401
KAR 51:005. Purpose and General
Provisions; 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment
Status Designations; 401 KAR 51:017.
Prevention of significant deterioration of
air quality; 401 KAR 51:052. Review of
new sources in or impacting upon
nonattainment areas; 401 KAR 51:150
NOX requirements for stationary and
internal combustion engines; 401 KAR
51:160 NOX requirements for large
utility and industrial boilers 401 KAR
51:170 NOX requirements for cement
kilns; 401 KAR 51:180 NOX credits for
early reduction and emergency; 401
KAR 51:190 Banking and trading NOX
allowances; 401 KAR 51:195 NOX opt-in
provisions; 401 KAR 51:220 CAIR NOX
Ozone Season Trading Program.
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• Chapter 52 Permits, Registrations,
and Prohibitory Rules: 401 KAR 52:001.
Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 52; 401
KAR 52:020. Title V permits; 8 401 KAR
52:030. Federally-enforceable permits
for nonmajor sources; 401 KAR 52:090.
Prohibitory rule for hot mix asphalt
plants.
• Chapter 53 Ambient Air Quality:
401 KAR 53:005. General provisions;
401 KAR 53:010 Ambient air quality
standards.
• Chapter 59 New Source Standards:
401 KAR 59:001 Definition; 401 KAR
59:005 General provisions; 401 KAR
59:010 New process operations; 401
KAR 59:015 New indirect heat
exchangers; 401KAR 59:020 New
Incinerators; 401 KAR 59:046 Selected
new petroleum refining processes and
equipment; 401 KAR 59:050 New
storage vessels for petroleum liquids;
401 KAR 59:095 New oil-effluent water
separators; 401 KAR 59:101 New bulk
gasoline plants; 401 KAR 59:174 Stage
II controls at gasoline dispensing
facilities; 401 KAR 59:175 New service
stations; 401 KAR 59:185 New solvent
metal cleaning equipment; 401 KAR
59:190 New insulation of magnet wire
operations; 401 KAR 59:210 New fabric,
vinyl and paper surface coating
operations; 401 KAR 59:212 New
graphic arts facilities using rotogravure
and flexography; 401 KAR 59:214 New
factory surface coating operations of flat
wood paneling; 401 KAR 59:225 New
miscellaneous metal parts and products
surface coating operations; 401 KAR
59:230 New synthesized pharmaceutical
product manufacturing operations; 401
KAR 59:240 New perchloroethylene dry
cleaning systems; 401 KAR 59:315
Specific new sources; 401 KAR 59:760
Commercial Motor Vehicle and Mobile
Equipment Refinishing Operations.
• Chapter 61 Existing Source
Standards: 401 KAR 61:001 Definitions
and abbreviations of terms used in 401
KAR Chapter 61; 401 KAR 61:005
General provisions; 401 KAR 61:010
Existing incinerators; 401 KAR 61:045
Existing oil-effluent water separators;
401 KAR 61:050 Existing storage vessels
for petroleum liquids; 401 KAR 61:055
Existing loading facilities at bulk
gasoline terminals; 401 KAR 61:056
Existing bulk gasoline plants; 401 KAR
61:060 Existing sources using organic
solvents; 401 KAR 61:065 Existing nitric
acid plants; 401 KAR 61:085 Existing
service stations; 401 KAR 61:090
Existing automobile and light-duty
surface coating operations; 401 KAR
61:095 Existing solvent metal cleaning
equipment; 401 KAR 61:100 Existing
8 This rule is not approved into Kentucky’s
federally-approved SIP.
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insulation of magnet wire operations;
401 KAR 61:105 Existing metal furniture
surface coating operations; 401 KAR
61:110 Existing large appliance surface
coating operations.; 401 KAR 61:120
Existing fabric, vinyl and paper surface
coating operations; 401 KAR 61:122
Existing graphic arts facilities using
rotogravure and flexography; 401 KAR
61:124 Existing factory surface coating
operations of flat wood paneling.; 401
KAR 61:125 Existing can surface coating
operations; 401 KAR 61:130 Existing
coil surface coating operations; 401
KAR 61:132 Existing miscellaneous
metal parts and products surface
coating operations; 401 KAR 61:135
Selected existing petroleum refining
processes and equipment; 401 KAR
61:137 Leaks from existing petroleum
refinery equipment; 401 KAR 61:150
Existing synthesized pharmaceutical
product manufacturing operations; 401
KAR 61:155 Existing pneumatic rubber
tire manufacturing plants; 401 KAR
61:160 Existing perchloroethylene dry
cleaning systems; 401 KAR 61:175 Leaks
from existing synthetic organic chemical
and polymer manufacturing equipment.
• Chapter 63 General Standard of
Performance: 401 KAR 63:001
Definitions and abbreviations of terms
used in 401 KAR Chapter 63; 401 KAR
63:005 Open burning; 401 KAR 63:010
Fugitive emissions; 401 KAR 63:025
Asphalt paving operations; 401 KAR
63:031 Leaks from gasoline tank trucks.
• Chapter 65 Mobile Source-Related
Emissions: 401 KAR 63:001 Definitions
and abbreviations of terms used in 401
KAR Chapter 63; 401 KAR 63:005 Open
burning.
Collectively these regulations
establish enforceable emissions
limitations and other control measures,
means or techniques, for activities that
contribute to ozone concentrations in
the ambient air and provide authority to
establish such limits and measures as
well as schedules for compliance to
meet the applicable requirements of the
CAA. In addition, Kentucky Revised
Statute (KRS) Chapter 224 Section 10–
100 (KRS 224.10–100), provides the
Energy and Environment Cabinet the
authority to administer all rules,
regulations, and orders promulgated
under Chapter 224, and to provide for
the prevention, abatement, and control
of all water, land, and air pollution.
EPA has made the preliminary
determination that the provisions
contained in these regulations, and
Kentucky’s statute are adequate for
enforceable emission limitations and
other control measures, means, or
techniques, as well as schedules and
timetables for compliance for the 2015
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8-hour ozone NAAQS in the
Commonwealth.
2. 110(a)(2)(B) Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring/Data System: Section
110(a)(2)(B) requires SIPs to provide for
establishment and operation of
appropriate devices, methods, systems,
and procedures necessary to: (i)
Monitor, compile, and analyze data on
ambient air quality, and (ii) upon
request, make such data available to the
Administrator. These requirements are
met through KRS 224.10–100 (22),
which provides the authority to require
the installation, maintenance, and use of
equipment, devices, or tests and
methodologies to monitor the nature
and amount of any substance emitted
into the ambient air and to provide the
information to the Cabinet.
KDAQ also cites to the following
regulations to demonstrate that the
Commonwealth meets the requirements
of this element: 401 KAR 50:050.
Monitoring; 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention
of significant deterioration of air
quality; and 401 KAR 51:052. Review of
new sources in or impacting upon
nonattainment areas; 401 KAR 53:005.
General provisions; 401 KAR 53:010.
Ambient air quality standards.
Annually, states develop and submit
to EPA for approval statewide ambient
monitoring network plans consistent
with the requirements of 40 CFR parts
50, 53, and 58. The annual network plan
involves an evaluation of any proposed
changes to the monitoring network,
includes the annual ambient monitoring
network design plan and a certified
evaluation of the agency’s ambient
monitors and auxiliary support
equipment.9 KDAQ’s monitoring
network plan was submitted on June 28,
2019, and approved by EPA on October
3, 2019. Kentucky’s approved
monitoring network plan can be
accessed at www.regulations.gov using
Docket ID No. EPA–R04–OAR–2019–
0217. These SIP-approved rules and
Kentucky’s statute, along with
Kentucky’s Ambient Air Monitoring
Network Plan, provide for the
establishment and operation of ambient
air quality monitors, the compilation
and analysis of ambient air quality data,
and the submission of these data to EPA
upon request. Therefore, EPA has made
the preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP and practices are
adequate for the ambient air quality
monitoring and data system related to
the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
9 On occasion, proposed changes to the
monitoring network are evaluated outside of the
network plan approval process in accordance with
40 CFR part 58.
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3. 110(a)(2)(C) Programs for
Enforcement of Control Measures and
for Construction or Modification of
Stationary Sources: This element
consists of three sub-elements:
Enforcement, state-wide regulation of
new and modified minor sources and
minor modifications of major sources,
and preconstruction permitting of major
sources and major modifications in
areas designated attainment or
unclassifiable for the subject NAAQS as
required by CAA title I part C (i.e., the
major source PSD program). EPA’s
analysis of how these provisions of
Kentucky’s SIP address each subelement are described below.
Enforcement: KDAQ’s SIP-approved
regulation, 401 KAR 50:060,
Enforcement, provides for enforcement
of emission limits and control measures
associated with ozone through permit
terms and conditions, and compliance
schedules. This regulation also
authorizes the Cabinet to modify and
revoke permits and compliance
schedules, and authorizes
administrative penalties and injunctive
relief, citing to statutory civil penalty
and injunctive relief provisions of KRS
224.99–010. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP is adequate for
enforcement related to the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS.
Preconstruction PSD Permitting for
Major Sources: With regard to section
110(a)(2)(C) related to the programs for
preconstruction PSD permitting for
major sources, EPA is not proposing any
action in this rulemaking. EPA will
consider these requirements in relation
to Kentucky’s 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS infrastructure submission in a
separate rulemaking.
Regulation of minor sources and
modifications: Kentucky’s SIP-approved
rules, 401 KAR 51:005, Purpose and
general provisions and 401 KAR 52:030,
Federally-enforceable permits for nonmajor sources collectively govern the
preconstruction permitting of
modifications and construction of minor
stationary sources, and minor
modifications of major stationary
sources.
EPA has made the preliminary
determination that Kentucky’s SIP is
adequate for program enforcement of
control measures, and regulation of
minor sources and modifications related
to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
4. 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II) Interstate
Pollution Transport: Section
110(a)(2)(D)(i) has two components:
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II).
Each of these components has two
subparts resulting in four distinct
components, commonly referred to as
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‘‘prongs,’’ that must be addressed in
infrastructure SIP submissions. The first
two prongs, which are codified in
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), are provisions
that prohibit any source or other type of
emissions activity in one state from
contributing significantly to
nonattainment of the NAAQS in another
state (‘‘prong 1’’) and interfering with
maintenance of the NAAQS in another
state (‘‘prong 2’’). The third and fourth
prongs, which are codified in section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), are provisions that
prohibit emissions activity in one state
from interfering with measures required
to prevent significant deterioration of air
quality in another state (‘‘prong 3’’), or
to protect visibility in another state
(‘‘prong 4’’).
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)—prongs 1 and 2:
EPA is not proposing any action in this
rulemaking related to the interstate
transport provisions pertaining to the
contribution to nonattainment or
interference with maintenance in other
states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)
(prongs 1 and 2). EPA will consider
these requirements in relation to
Kentucky’s 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS
infrastructure submission in a separate
rulemaking.
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)—prong 3: With
regard to section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), the
PSD element, referred to as prong 3,
EPA is not proposing any action in this
rulemaking. EPA will consider these
requirements in relation to Kentucky’s
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS
infrastructure submission in a separate
rulemaking.
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)—prong 4: Section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) requires that the SIP
contain adequate provisions to protect
visibility in other States. This
requirement is satisfied for any relevant
NAAQS when the state has a fullyapproved regional haze SIP. Kentucky’s
SIP contains a fully approved Regional
Haze Plan (see 84 FR 13800 (April 8,
2019)). EPA’s approval of the Kentucky
regional haze SIP therefore ensures that
emissions from Kentucky are not
interfering with measures to protect
visibility in other states, satisfying the
requirements of prong 4 of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) for the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. EPA has made the
preliminary determination Kentucky’s
SIPs meet the requirements of prong 4
of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) for the 2015
8-hour ozone NAAQS.
5. 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) Interstate Pollution
Abatement and International Air
Pollution: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii)
requires SIPs to include provisions
ensuring compliance with sections 115
and 126 of the Act, relating to interstate
and international pollution abatement.
Regulation 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment
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Status Designations designates the
status of all areas of the Commonwealth
of Kentucky with regard to attainment of
the NAAQS. Regulation 401 KAR
51:017. Prevention of significant
deterioration of air quality and
Regulation 401 KAR 51:052. Review of
new sources in or impacting upon
nonattainment areas, Section 1, require
Kentucky to provide notice to nearby
states that may be affected by proposed
major source modifications. These
regulations cite to Federal notification
requirements under 40 CFR Sections
51.166 and to 401 KAR 52:100. Public,
affected state, and the US. EPA review,
Section 6, which requires that public
notice for permit actions be provided to
affected states. Additionally, Kentucky
does not have any pending obligation
under sections 115 and 126 of the CAA
with respect to the 2015 ozone NAAQS.
EPA has made the preliminary
determination that Kentucky’s SIP is
adequate for ensuring compliance with
the applicable requirements relating to
interstate and international pollution
abatement for the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS.
6. 110(a)(2)(E) Adequate Resources
and Authority, Conflict of Interest, and
Oversight of Local Governments and
Regional Agencies: Section 110(a)(2)(E)
requires that each implementation plan
provide: (i) Necessary assurances that
the state will have adequate personnel,
funding, and authority under state law
to carry out its implementation plan, (ii)
that the state comply with the
requirements respecting state boards
pursuant to section 128 of the Act, and
(iii) necessary assurances that, where
the state has relied on a local or regional
government, agency, or instrumentality
for the implementation of any plan
provision, the state has responsibility
for ensuring adequate implementation
of such plan provisions. EPA is
proposing to approve Kentucky’s SIP
submission as meeting the requirements
of sub-elements 110(a)(2)(E)(i), (ii), and
(iii).
In support of elements 110(a)(2)(E)(i)
and (iii), Kentucky’s infrastructure
submission demonstrates that it is
responsible for promulgating rules and
regulations for the NAAQS, emissions
standards, general policies, a system of
permits, fee schedules for the review of
plans, and other planning needs. With
respect to having the necessary funding
and authority to implement the
Kentucky SIP, Kentucky’s State statute
401 KAR 50:038. Air Emissions Fee, and
the following State statutes support subelements (i) and (iii): KRS 224.10–100.
Powers and Duties of the Cabinet and
KRS 224.10–020. Departments within
the cabinet—Offices and divisions
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within the departments—Appointments.
As evidence of the adequacy of KDAQ’s
resources with respect to sub-elements
(i) and (iii), KDAQ has a performance
partnership agreement with EPA
outlining 105 grant commitments and
current status of these commitments for
fiscal year 2018. Annually, the
Commonwealth updates this
performance partnership agreement
based on current SIP requirements, air
quality planning, and applicable
requirements related to the NAAQS.
There were no outstanding issues in
relation to the SIP for fiscal year 2018,
therefore, KDAQ’s grants were finalized
and closed out. With respect to (iii)
necessary assurances that, where the
state has relied on a local or regional
government, agency, or instrumentality
for the implementation of any plan
provision, the state has responsibility
for ensuring adequate implementation
of such plan provisions, Kentucky’s
State statute KRS 224.2–130, Concurrent
jurisdiction with local district provides
the Cabinet with oversight authority of
local programs and concurrent
jurisdiction. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky has adequate resources for
implementation of the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is
proposing to approve Kentucky’s
infrastructure SIP submission with
respect to section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and
(iii).
Section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) requires that
Kentucky comply with section 128 of
the CAA. Section 128 requires that (a)(1)
the majority of members of the state
board or body which approves permits
or enforcement orders represent the
public interest and do not derive any
significant portion of their income from
persons subject to permitting or
enforcement orders under the CAA;
(a)(2) any potential conflicts of interest
by such board or body, or the head of
an executive agency with similar,
powers be adequately disclosed. For
purposes of section 128(a)(1), Kentucky
has no boards or bodies with authority
over air pollution permits or
enforcement actions. Such matters are
instead handled by the Director of the
KDAQ. As such, a ‘‘board or body’’ is
not responsible for approving permits or
enforcement orders in Kentucky, and
the requirements of section 128(a)(1) are
not applicable. For purposes of section
128(a)(2), Kentucky’s SIP has been
updated. On October 3, 2012 (77 FR
60307), EPA took final action to approve
KRS Chapters 11A.020, 11A.030,
11A.040 and Chapters 224.10–020 and
224.10–100 into the SIP to address the
conflict of interest requirements of
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section 128. These SIP-approved state
statutes establish the powers and duties
of the Cabinet, departments within the
Cabinet, and offices and divisions
within such departments (Chapters
224.10–020 and 224.10–100) and
support sub-element (ii) by requiring
adequate disclosures of potential
conflicts (KRS 11A.020. Public servant
prohibited from certain conduct—
Exception—Disclosure of personal or
private interest) and otherwise ensuring
that public officers and servants do not
engage in activities that may present a
conflict of interest (KRS 11A.030
Considerations in determination to
abstain from action on official
decision—Advisory opinion; and KRS
11A.040 Acts prohibited for public
servant or officer—Exception). With the
incorporation of these statutes into the
Kentucky SIP, the Commonwealth has
adequately addressed the requirements
of section 128(a)(2). Thus, EPA is
proposing approval of KDAQ’s
infrastructure SIP submission for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS with respect
to section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii).
7. 110(a)(2)(F) Stationary Source
Monitoring and Reporting: Section
110(a)(2)(F) requires SIPs to meet
applicable requirements addressing: (i)
The installation, maintenance, and
replacement of equipment, and the
implementation of other necessary
steps, by owners or operators of
stationary sources to monitor emissions
from such sources, (ii) periodic reports
on the nature and amounts of emissions
and emissions related data from such
sources, and (iii) correlation of such
reports by the state agency with any
emission limitations or standards
established pursuant to this section,
which reports shall be available at
reasonable times for public inspection.
EPA’s rules regarding how SIPs need to
address source monitoring requirements
at 40 CFR 51.212 require SIPs to exclude
any provision that would prevent the
use of credible evidence of
noncompliance.
The Kentucky infrastructure
submission demonstrates how the major
source and minor source emission
inventory programs collect emission
data throughout the Commonwealth and
ensure the quality of such data.
Kentucky meets these requirements
through Chapter 50 General
Administrative Procedures, specifically
401 KAR 50:050 Monitoring. 401 KAR
50:050, Section 1, Monitoring Records
and Reporting, states that the Cabinet
may require a facility to install, use, and
maintain stack gas and ambient air
monitoring equipment and to establish
and maintain records, and make
periodic emission reports at intervals
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prescribed by the Cabinet. Also, KRS
224.10–100 (23) requires that any
person engaged in any operation
regulated pursuant to this chapter file
with the Cabinet reports containing
information as to location, size, height,
rate of emission or discharge, and
composition of any substance
discharged or emitted into the ambient
air or into the waters or onto the land
of the Commonwealth, and such other
information the Cabinet may require. In
addition, EPA is unaware of any
provision preventing the use of credible
evidence in the Kentucky SIP.
Additionally, Kentucky is required to
submit emissions data to EPA for
purposes of the National Emissions
Inventory (NEI), pursuant to Subpart A
to 40 CFR part 51,—‘‘Air Emissions
Reporting Requirements,’’ (AERR). All
states are required to submit a
comprehensive emission inventory
every three years and report emissions
for certain larger sources annually
through EPA’s online Emissions
Inventory System. States report
emissions data for the six criteria
pollutants and the precursors that form
them—nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides,
ammonia, lead, carbon monoxide,
particulate matter, and volatile organic
compounds. Many states also
voluntarily report emissions of
hazardous air pollutants. Kentucky’s
most recently published triennial
compiled emissions information is
available as part of the 2014 NEI. EPA
compiles the emissions data,
supplementing it where necessary, and
releases it to the general public through
the website https://www.epa.gov/airemissions-inventories.10
EPA has made the preliminary
determination that Kentucky’s SIP and
practices are adequate for the stationary
source monitoring systems related to the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
Accordingly, EPA is proposing to
approve Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission with respect to section
110(a)(2)(F).
8. 110(a)(2)(G) Emergency Powers:
This section requires that states
demonstrate authority comparable with
section 303 of the CAA and adequate
contingency plans to implement such
authority. Section 303 authorizes EPA to
take action seeking to immediately
restrain pollution sources if such
pollution is presenting an imminent and
substantial endangerment to public
10 EPA compiles the emissions data and releases
the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) to the
public triennial. According to EPA’s 2017 NEI Plan,
the 2017 NEI will be available on April 1, 2020, See
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019–
04/documents/2017nei_plan_addendum_final_
apr2019_0.pdf
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health, welfare, or the environment.
Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission identifies air pollution
emergency episodes and preplanned
abatement strategies as outlined in the
following Kentucky regulations in
Chapter 55 Emergency Episodes,
specifically: 401 KAR 55:005.
Significant harm criteria, 401 KAR
55:010. Episode Criteria, and 401 KAR
55:015. Episode Declaration.401 KAR
55:020, Abatement, 401 KAR 55:005.
Significant Harm Criteria, Section 1,
Purpose, defines those levels of
pollutant concentration which must be
prevented in order to avoid significant
harm to the health of persons. 401 KAR
55:010. Episodic Criteria defines those
levels of pollutant concentrations which
justify the proclamation of an air
pollution alert, air pollution warning, an
air pollution emergency. 401 KAR
55:015. Episode Declaration provides
for the curtailment or reduction of
processes or operations which emit an
air contaminant or an air contaminant
precursor whose criteria has been
reached and are located in the affected
areas for which an episode level has
been declared.
In addition, KRS 224.10–100 Powers
and duties of cabinet and KRS 224.10–
410 Order for discontinuance,
abatement, or alleviation of condition or
activity without hearing—Subsequent
hearing, establish the authority for
Kentucky’s secretary to issue orders to
person(s) for discontinuance, abatement,
or alleviation of any condition or
activity without hearing because the
condition or activity presents a danger
to the health or welfare of the people of
the state, and for the Cabinet to require
adoption of any remedial measures
deemed necessary. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP, and state laws are
adequate for emergency powers related
to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
Accordingly, EPA is proposing to
approve Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission with respect to section
110(a)(2)(G).
9. 110(a)(2)(H) SIP Revisions: Section
110(a)(2)(H), in summary, requires each
SIP to provide for revisions of such
plan: (i) As may be necessary to take
account of revisions of such national
primary or secondary ambient air
quality standard or the availability of
improved or more expeditious methods
of attaining such standard, and (ii)
whenever the Administrator finds that
the plan is substantially inadequate to
attain the NAAQS or to otherwise
comply with any additional applicable
requirements. As previously discussed,
KDAQ is responsible for adopting air
quality rules and revising SIPs as
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needed to attain or maintain the
NAAQS. Kentucky has the ability and
authority to respond to calls for SIP
revisions and has provided a number of
SIP revisions over the years for
implementation of the NAAQS.
Additionally, 401 KAR 53:010
outlines the ambient air quality
standards necessary for the protection of
the public health, the general welfare,
and the property and people in the
Commonwealth and states that within
60 days of promulgation or revision of
any NAAQS by EPA, the Cabinet will
initiate a process to promulgate or
review this administrative regulation.
401 KAR 51:010. Attainment Status
Designations provides provisions for the
Cabinet to review applicable data and
submit to EPA proposed revisions to the
list of attainment-nonattainment areas.
EPA has made the preliminary
determination that Kentucky adequately
demonstrates a commitment to provide
future SIP revisions related to the 2015
8-hour ozone NAAQS when necessary.
Accordingly, EPA is proposing to
approve Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission for the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS with respect to section
110(a)(2)(H).
10. 110(a)(2)(J) Consultation with
Government Officials, Public
Notification, and PSD and Visibility
Protection: EPA is proposing to approve
Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission for the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS with respect to the general
requirement in section 110(a)(2)(J) to
include a program in the SIP that
provides for meeting the applicable
consultation requirements of section
121, and the public notification
requirements of section 127. EPA’s
rationale for each sub-element is
described below.
Consultation with government
officials (121 consultation): Section
110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA requires states to
meet the requirements of section 121
relating to consultation with local
governments, designated organizations
and Federal Land Managers (FLMs)
carrying out NAAQS implementation
requirements pursuant to section 121
relative to consultation. This
requirement is met through the Regional
Haze SIP, which provides for continued
consultation with government officials,
including the FLMs. Kentucky also
adopted consultation procedures in
coordination with the transportation
partners in the Commonwealth, for the
implementation of transportation
conformity, which includes the
development of mobile inventories for
SIP development. Implementation of
transportation conformity as outlined in
the consultation procedures requires
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KDAQ to consult with Federal, state and
local transportation and air quality
agency officials on the development of
motor vehicle emissions budgets. Also,
KDAQ notes in its January 1, 2019, SIP
submission that the following Kentucky
regulations provide the Commonwealth
the authority to meet this requirement:
401 KAR 50:055. General compliance
requirements; 401 KAR 50:060.
Enforcement; 401 KAR 50:065.
Conformity of general federal actions;
401 KAR 50:066. Conformity of
Transportation Plans, Programs, and
Projects; 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention of
Significant Deterioration of Air Quality;
and 401 KAR 51:052. Review of new
sources in or impacting upon
nonattainment areas. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP and practices adequately
demonstrate consultation with
government officials related to the 2015
8-hour ozone NAAQS when necessary
for the consultation with government
official(s) element of section 110(a)(2)(J).
Public notification (127 public
notification): With respect to public
notification, section 110(a)(3)(J) of the
CAA requires states to notify the public
of NAAQS exceedances and associated
health hazards, and to enhance public
awareness of measures that can prevent
such exceedances. These requirements
are met through the following Kentucky
regulations: 401 KAR 51:001.
Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 51; 401
KAR 51:005. Purpose and General
Provisions; 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment
Status Designations; 401 KAR 51:017.
Prevention of significant deterioration of
air quality; 401 KAR 51:052. Review of
new sources in or impacting upon
nonattainment areas; and 401 KAR
52:100. Public, Affected State, and the
US EPA Review. Additionally, Kentucky
provides air quality information to the
public via its website at: https://
eppcapp.ky.gov/daq/. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP and practices adequately
demonstrate the Commonwealth’s
ability to provide public notification
related to the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS when necessary for the public
notification element of section
110(a)(2)(J).
PSD: With regard to the PSD element
of section 110(a)(2)(J), EPA is not
proposing any action in this rulemaking.
EPA will consider these requirements in
relation to Kentucky’s 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS infrastructure
submission in a separate rulemaking.
Visibility protection: EPA’s 2013
Guidance notes that it does not treat the
visibility protection aspects of section
110(a)(2)(J) as applicable for purposes of
the infrastructure SIP approval process.
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KDAQ referenced its regional haze
program as germane to the visibility
component of section 110(a)(2)(J). EPA
recognizes that states are subject to
visibility protection and regional haze
program requirements under Part C of
the Act (which includes sections 169A
and 169B). However, there are no newly
applicable visibility protection
obligations after the promulgation of a
new or revised NAAQS. Thus, EPA has
determined that states do not need to
address the visibility component of
110(a)(2)(J) in infrastructure SIP
submittals. As such, EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s infrastructure SIP
submission is approvable for section
110(a)(2)(J) related to the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS and that Kentucky does
not need to rely on its regional haze
program to address this element.
11. 110(a)(2)(K) Air Quality Modeling
and Submission of Modeling Data:
Section 110(a)(2)(K) of the CAA requires
that SIPs provide for performing air
quality modeling so that effects on air
quality of emissions from NAAQS
pollutants can be predicted and
submission of such data to EPA can be
made. With regard to section
110(a)(2)(K), air quality models, EPA is
not proposing any action in this
rulemaking. EPA will consider these
requirements in relation to Kentucky’s
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS
infrastructure submission in a separate
rulemaking.
12. 110(a)(2)(L) Permitting Fees: This
section requires the SIP to direct the
owner or operator of each major
stationary source to pay to the
permitting authority, as a condition of
any permit required under the CAA, a
fee sufficient to cover: (i) The reasonable
costs of reviewing and acting upon any
application for such a permit, and (ii) if
the owner or operator receives a permit
for such source, the reasonable costs of
implementing and enforcing the terms
and conditions of any such permit (not
including any court costs or other costs
associated with any enforcement
action), until such fee requirement is
superseded with respect to such sources
by the Administrator’s approval of a fee
program under title V.
Kentucky regulation, 401 KAR 50:038
Air Emissions Fee,11 provides for the
assessment of fees necessary to fund the
state permit program. KDAQ ensures
this is sufficient for the reasonable cost
of reviewing and acting upon PSD and
NNSR permits. Additionally, Kentucky
has a fully approved title V operating
permit program at 401 KAR 52:020 Title
11 This rule is not approved into the federally
approved SIP.
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V permits 12 that covers the cost of
implementation and enforcement of
PSD and NNSR permits after they have
been issued. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP and practices adequately
provide for permitting fees related to the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS, when
necessary. Accordingly, EPA is
proposing to approve Kentucky’s
infrastructure SIP submission with
respect to section 110(a)(2)(L).
13. 110(a)(2)(M) Consultation and
Participation by Affected Local Entities:
Section 110(a)(2)(M) of the Act requires
states to provide for consultation and
participation in SIP development by
local political subdivisions affected by
the SIP. Kentucky regulation, 401 KAR
50:066. Conformity of transportation
plans, programs, and projects, and the
interagency consultation process as
directed by Kentucky’s approved
Conformity SIP and 40 CFR 93.112
provide for consultation with local
groups. More specifically, Kentucky
adopted state-wide consultation
procedures for the implementation of
transportation conformity which
includes the development of mobile
inventories for SIP development and the
requirements that link transportation
planning and air quality planning in
nonattainment and maintenance areas.
Required partners covered by
Kentucky’s consultation procedures
include Federal, state and local
transportation and air quality agency
officials. Further, Kentucky’s ozone
infrastructure SIP submission notes that
the following State regulations and State
statutes provide the Commonwealth the
authority to meet the requirements of
this element; 401 KAR 52:100. Public,
Affected State, and the U.S. EPA
Review; and KRS Chapter 77. Air
Pollution Control. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that
Kentucky’s SIP and practices adequately
demonstrate consultation with affected
local entities related to the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS when necessary.
V. Proposed Action
With the exception of interstate
transport provisions of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II) (prongs 1 and
2), PSD provisions related to major
sources under section 110(a)(2)(C),
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 3) and
110(a)(2)(J), and air quality models of
section 110(a)(2)(K), EPA is proposing to
approve Kentucky’s January 9, 2019,
infrastructure SIP submission for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS for the
above described infrastructure SIP
12 This rule is not approved into the federally
approved SIP.
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requirements. EPA is proposing to
approve these portions of Kentucky’s
infrastructure SIP submission for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS because
these aspects of the submission are
consistent with section 110 of the CAA.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under the CAA, the Administrator is
required to approve a SIP submission
that complies with the provisions of the
Act and applicable federal regulations.
See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a).
Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions,
EPA’s role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of
the CAA. Accordingly, this proposed
action merely proposes to approve state
law as meeting federal requirements and
would not impose additional
requirements beyond those imposed by
state law. For that reason, this proposed
action:
• Is not a significant regulatory action
subject to review by the Office of
Management and Budget under
Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
January 21, 2011);
• does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• does not have Federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the CAA; and
• does not provide EPA with the
discretionary authority to address, as
appropriate, disproportionate human
health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
methods, under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
14449
In addition, the SIP is not approved
to apply on any Indian reservation land
or in any other area where EPA or an
Indian tribe has demonstrated that a
tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of
Indian country, the rule does not have
tribal implications as specified by
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249,
November 9, 2000), nor will it impose
substantial direct costs on tribal
governments or preempt tribal law.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Carbon monoxide,
Incorporation by reference,
Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen
dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Volatile
organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: February 27, 2020.
Mary S. Walker,
Regional Administrator, Region 4.
[FR Doc. 2020–05013 Filed 3–11–20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Railroad Administration
49 CFR Part 299
[Docket No. FRA–2019–0068, Notice No. 2]
RIN 2130–AC84
Texas Central Railroad High-Speed
Rail Safety Standards
Federal Railroad
Administration (FRA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Proposed rule; announcement of
public hearings.
AGENCY:
On March 10, 2020, FRA
published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM) that would
establish safety standards for the Texas
Central Railroad (TCRR) high speed rail
system. FRA is announcing three public
hearings to provide members of the
public an opportunity to provide oral
comments on the proposed safety
requirements.
SUMMARY:
The public hearings will be
conducted on the following dates at the
following times (members of the public
will be able to access the hearing
location 30 minutes prior to the start of
each hearing):
• Dallas, TX: March 31, 2020, from 4
p.m. (CDT) to 9 p.m. (CDT).
• Navasota, TX: April 1, 2020, from
5 p.m. (CDT) to 9 p.m. (CDT).
• Houston, TX: April 2, 2020, from 5
p.m. (CDT) to 9 p.m. (CDT).
DATES:
E:\FR\FM\12MRP1.SGM
12MRP1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 49 (Thursday, March 12, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 14442-14449]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-05013]
=======================================================================
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA-R04-OAR-2019-0217; FRL-10006-37-Region 4]
Air Plan Approval; Kentucky; Infrastructure Requirements for the
2015 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to
approve portions of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) submission,
provided by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Energy and Environment
Cabinet, Department for Environmental Protection, through the Kentucky
Division for Air Quality (KDAQ), on January 9, 2019, to demonstrate
that the Commonwealth meets the infrastructure requirements of the
Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) for the 2015 8-hour ozone national ambient
air quality standard (NAAQS). Whenever EPA promulgates a new or revised
NAAQS, the CAA requires that each state adopt and submit a SIP for the
implementation, maintenance and enforcement of each such NAAQS. KDAQ
certified that the Kentucky SIP contains provisions that ensure the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS is implemented, enforced, and maintained in
Kentucky.
[[Page 14443]]
EPA is proposing to determine that Kentucky's submission addresses
certain infrastructure elements for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
DATES: Written comments must be received on or before April 13, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R04-
OAR-2019-0217 at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. EPA may publish any comment
received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any
information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI)
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of
the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing
system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment
policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general
guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory
Management Section, Air Planning and Implementation Branch, Air and
Radiation Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, 61
Forsyth Street SW, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8960. Ms. Bell can be reached
via electronic mail at [email protected] or the telephone number
(404) 562-9088.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On October 1, 2015, (published on October 26, 2015 (80 FR 65292)),
EPA promulgated a revised primary and secondary NAAQS for ozone
revising the 8-hour ozone NAAQS from 0.075 parts per million (ppm) to a
new more protective level of 0.070 ppm. Pursuant to section 110(a)(1)
of the CAA, states are required to submit SIP revisions meeting the
applicable requirements of section 110(a)(2) within three years after
promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS or within such shorter period as
EPA may prescribe. Section 110(a)(2) requires states to address basic
SIP elements such as requirements for monitoring, basic program
requirements and legal authority that are designed to assure attainment
and maintenance of the NAAQS. This particular type of SIP is commonly
referred to as an ``infrastructure SIP.'' States were required to
submit such SIPs for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS to EPA no later than
October 1, 2018.\1\
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\1\ In these infrastructure SIP submissions States generally
certify evidence of compliance with sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of
the CAA through a combination of state regulations and statutes,
some of which have been incorporated into the federally-approved
SIP. In addition, certain federally-approved, non-SIP regulations
may also be appropriate for demonstrating compliance with sections
110(a)(1) and (2).
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This rulemaking is proposing to approve portions of Kentucky's
January 9, 2019, ozone infrastructure SIP submission for the applicable
requirements of the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS, with the exception of the
interstate transport provisions of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)
pertaining to contribution to nonattainment or interference with
maintenance in other states; the prevention of significant
deterioration (PSD) provisions related to major sources under sections
110(a)(2)(C), 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), and 110(a)(2)(J); and air quality
modeling and submission of modeling data under sections 110(a)(2)(K).
With respect to the interstate transport provisions of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), the PSD provisions related to major sources under
sections 110(a)(2)(C), 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), and 110(a)(2)(J), and the
air quality modeling provisions under section 110(a)(2)(K), EPA will
address these in separate rulemaking actions.
II. What elements are required under sections 110(a)(1) and (2)?
Section 110(a) of the CAA requires states to submit SIPs to provide
for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of a new or
revised NAAQS within three years following the promulgation of such
NAAQS, or within such shorter period as EPA may prescribe. Section
110(a) imposes the obligation upon states to make a SIP submission to
EPA for a new or revised NAAQS, but the contents of that submission may
vary depending upon the facts and circumstances. In particular, the
data and analytical tools available at the time the state develops and
submits the SIP for a new or revised NAAQS affects the content of the
submission. The contents of such SIP submissions may also vary
depending upon what provisions the state's existing SIP already
contains.\2\
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\2\ Throughout this rulemaking, unless otherwise indicated, the
term ``Kentucky Administrative Regulations'' or ``KAR'' indicates
that the cited regulation has been approved into Kentucky's
federally-approved SIP. The term ``KRS'' indicates cited Kentucky
Revised Statutes, which govern the Commonwealth of Kentucky and are
not a part of the SIP unless otherwise indicated.
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More specifically, section 110(a)(1) provides the procedural and
timing requirements for SIPs. Section 110(a)(2) lists specific elements
that states must meet for ``infrastructure'' SIP requirements related
to a newly established or revised NAAQS. As mentioned above, these
requirements include basic SIP elements such as requirements for
monitoring, basic program requirements and legal authority that are
designed to assure attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. The
requirements of Section 110(a)(2) are listed below and summarized in
Section IV, and in EPA's September 13, 2013, memorandum entitled
``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan (SIP) Elements
under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2).'' \3\
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\3\ Two elements identified in section 110(a)(2) are not
governed by the three-year submission deadline of section 110(a)(1)
because SIPs incorporating necessary local nonattainment area
controls are not due within three years after promulgation of a new
or revised NAAQS, but rather are due at the time the nonattainment
area plan requirements are due pursuant to section 172. These
requirements are: (1) Submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(C)
to the extent that subsection refers to a permit program as required
in part D, title I of the CAA; and (2) submissions required by
section 110(a)(2)(I) which pertain to the nonattainment planning
requirements of part D, title I of the CAA. This proposed rulemaking
does not address infrastructure elements related to section
110(a)(2)(I) or the Part D nonattainment permitting requirements of
110(a)(2)(C).
110(a)(2)(A): Emission Limits and Other Control Measures
110(a)(2)(B): Ambient Air Quality Monitoring/Data System
110(a)(2)(C): Programs for Enforcement of Control Measures
and for Construction or Modification of Stationary Sources \4\
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\4\ As mentioned above, the Part D permit program for
construction and modification of stationary sources is not relevant
to this proposed rulemaking.
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110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II): Interstate Pollution
Transport
110(a)(2)(D)(ii): Interstate Pollution Abatement and
International Air Pollution
110(a)(2)(E): Adequate Resources and Authority, Conflict
of Interest, and Oversight of Local Governments and Regional Agencies
110(a)(2)(F): Stationary Source Monitoring and Reporting
110(a)(2)(G): Emergency Powers
110(a)(2)(H): SIP Revisions
110(a)(2)(I): Plan Revisions for Nonattainment Areas \5\
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\5\ As also mentioned above, this element is not relevant to
this proposed rulemaking.
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110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with Government Officials,
Public
[[Page 14444]]
Notification, and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and
Visibility Protection
110(a)(2)(K): Air Quality Modeling and Submission of
Modeling Data
110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees
110(a)(2)(M): Consultation and Participation by Affected
Local Entities
III. What is EPA's approach to the review of infrastructure SIP
submissions?
EPA is acting upon the SIP submission from Kentucky that addresses
certain infrastructure requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and
110(a)(2) for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Whenever EPA promulgates a
new or revised NAAQS, CAA section 110(a)(1) requires states to make SIP
submissions to provide for the implementation, maintenance, and
enforcement of the NAAQS, commonly referred to as an ``infrastructure
SIP.'' These submissions must meet the various requirements of CAA
section 110(a)(2), as applicable. Due to ambiguity in some of the
language of CAA section 110(a)(2), EPA believes that it is appropriate
to interpret these provisions in the specific context of acting on
infrastructure SIP submissions. EPA has previously provided
comprehensive guidance on the application of these provisions through a
guidance document for infrastructure SIP submissions and through
regional actions on infrastructure submissions.\6\ Unless otherwise
noted below, we are following that existing approach in acting on this
submission. In addition, in the context of acting on such
infrastructure submissions, EPA evaluates the submitting state's SIP
for facial compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements, not
for the state's implementation of its SIP.\7\ EPA has other authority
to address any issues concerning a state's implementation of the rules,
regulations, consent orders, etc. that comprise its SIP.
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\6\ EPA explains and elaborates on these ambiguities and its
approach to address them in its September 13, 2013 Infrastructure
SIP Guidance (available at https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/urbanair/sipstatus/docs/Guidance_on_Infrastructure_SIP_Elements_Multipollutant_FINAL_Sept_2013.pdf), as well as in numerous agency actions, including EPA's prior
action on Kentucky's infrastructure SIP to address the 2010 Nitrogen
Dioxide NAAQS. (81 FR 41488 (June 27, 2016)).
\7\ See Mont. Envtl. Info. Ctr. v. Thomas, 902 F.3d 971 (9th
Cir. 2018).
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IV. What is EPA's analysis of how Kentucky addressed the elements of
the sections 110(a)(1) and (2) ``Infrastructure'' provisions?
Kentucky's January 9, 2019 infrastructure submission addresses the
provisions of sections 110(a)(1) and (2) as described below.
1. 110(a)(2)(A) Emission Limits and Other Control Measures: Section
110(a)(2)(A) requires that each implementation plan include enforceable
emission limitations and other control measures, means, or techniques
(including economic incentives such as fees, marketable permits, and
auctions of emissions rights), as well as schedules and timetables for
compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable
requirements.
Kentucky's submission cites to numerous SIP-approved regulations
that include enforceable emission limits and other control measures
found in 401 Kentucky Administrative Regulations (KAR) Chapters 50-53,
59, 61, 63, and 65 to demonstrate that the Commonwealth meets the
requirements of this element, including the following:
Chapter 50 General Administrative Procedures: 401 KAR
50:010. Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 50; 401 KAR 50:012. General
application; 401 KAR 50:015. Documents incorporated by reference; 401
KAR 50:020. Air quality control regions; 401 KAR 50:025. Classification
of counties; 401 KAR 50:040. Air quality models; 401 KAR 50:042. Good
engineering practice stack height; 401 KAR 50:045. Performance tests;
401 KAR 50:047. Test procedures for capture efficiency; 401 KAR 50:050.
Monitoring; 401 KAR 50:055. General compliance requirements; and 401
KAR 50:060. Enforcement.
Chapter 51 Attainment and Maintenance of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards: 401 KAR 51:001. Definitions for 401 KAR
Chapter 51; 401 KAR 51:005. Purpose and General Provisions; 401 KAR
51:010. Attainment Status Designations; 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention of
significant deterioration of air quality; 401 KAR 51:052. Review of new
sources in or impacting upon nonattainment areas; 401 KAR 51:150 NOX
requirements for stationary and internal combustion engines; 401 KAR
51:160 NOX requirements for large utility and industrial boilers 401
KAR 51:170 NOX requirements for cement kilns; 401 KAR 51:180
NOX credits for early reduction and emergency; 401 KAR
51:190 Banking and trading NOX allowances; 401 KAR 51:195 NOX opt-in
provisions; 401 KAR 51:220 CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.
Chapter 52 Permits, Registrations, and Prohibitory Rules:
401 KAR 52:001. Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 52; 401 KAR 52:020.
Title V permits; \8\ 401 KAR 52:030. Federally-enforceable permits for
nonmajor sources; 401 KAR 52:090. Prohibitory rule for hot mix asphalt
plants.
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\8\ This rule is not approved into Kentucky's federally-approved
SIP.
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Chapter 53 Ambient Air Quality: 401 KAR 53:005. General
provisions; 401 KAR 53:010 Ambient air quality standards.
Chapter 59 New Source Standards: 401 KAR 59:001
Definition; 401 KAR 59:005 General provisions; 401 KAR 59:010 New
process operations; 401 KAR 59:015 New indirect heat exchangers; 401KAR
59:020 New Incinerators; 401 KAR 59:046 Selected new petroleum refining
processes and equipment; 401 KAR 59:050 New storage vessels for
petroleum liquids; 401 KAR 59:095 New oil-effluent water separators;
401 KAR 59:101 New bulk gasoline plants; 401 KAR 59:174 Stage II
controls at gasoline dispensing facilities; 401 KAR 59:175 New service
stations; 401 KAR 59:185 New solvent metal cleaning equipment; 401 KAR
59:190 New insulation of magnet wire operations; 401 KAR 59:210 New
fabric, vinyl and paper surface coating operations; 401 KAR 59:212 New
graphic arts facilities using rotogravure and flexography; 401 KAR
59:214 New factory surface coating operations of flat wood paneling;
401 KAR 59:225 New miscellaneous metal parts and products surface
coating operations; 401 KAR 59:230 New synthesized pharmaceutical
product manufacturing operations; 401 KAR 59:240 New perchloroethylene
dry cleaning systems; 401 KAR 59:315 Specific new sources; 401 KAR
59:760 Commercial Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Refinishing
Operations.
Chapter 61 Existing Source Standards: 401 KAR 61:001
Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in 401 KAR Chapter 61; 401
KAR 61:005 General provisions; 401 KAR 61:010 Existing incinerators;
401 KAR 61:045 Existing oil-effluent water separators; 401 KAR 61:050
Existing storage vessels for petroleum liquids; 401 KAR 61:055 Existing
loading facilities at bulk gasoline terminals; 401 KAR 61:056 Existing
bulk gasoline plants; 401 KAR 61:060 Existing sources using organic
solvents; 401 KAR 61:065 Existing nitric acid plants; 401 KAR 61:085
Existing service stations; 401 KAR 61:090 Existing automobile and
light-duty surface coating operations; 401 KAR 61:095 Existing solvent
metal cleaning equipment; 401 KAR 61:100 Existing
[[Page 14445]]
insulation of magnet wire operations; 401 KAR 61:105 Existing metal
furniture surface coating operations; 401 KAR 61:110 Existing large
appliance surface coating operations.; 401 KAR 61:120 Existing fabric,
vinyl and paper surface coating operations; 401 KAR 61:122 Existing
graphic arts facilities using rotogravure and flexography; 401 KAR
61:124 Existing factory surface coating operations of flat wood
paneling.; 401 KAR 61:125 Existing can surface coating operations; 401
KAR 61:130 Existing coil surface coating operations; 401 KAR 61:132
Existing miscellaneous metal parts and products surface coating
operations; 401 KAR 61:135 Selected existing petroleum refining
processes and equipment; 401 KAR 61:137 Leaks from existing petroleum
refinery equipment; 401 KAR 61:150 Existing synthesized pharmaceutical
product manufacturing operations; 401 KAR 61:155 Existing pneumatic
rubber tire manufacturing plants; 401 KAR 61:160 Existing
perchloroethylene dry cleaning systems; 401 KAR 61:175 Leaks from
existing synthetic organic chemical and polymer manufacturing
equipment.
Chapter 63 General Standard of Performance: 401 KAR 63:001
Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in 401 KAR Chapter 63; 401
KAR 63:005 Open burning; 401 KAR 63:010 Fugitive emissions; 401 KAR
63:025 Asphalt paving operations; 401 KAR 63:031 Leaks from gasoline
tank trucks.
Chapter 65 Mobile Source-Related Emissions: 401 KAR 63:001
Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in 401 KAR Chapter 63; 401
KAR 63:005 Open burning.
Collectively these regulations establish enforceable emissions
limitations and other control measures, means or techniques, for
activities that contribute to ozone concentrations in the ambient air
and provide authority to establish such limits and measures as well as
schedules for compliance to meet the applicable requirements of the
CAA. In addition, Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) Chapter 224 Section
10-100 (KRS 224.10-100), provides the Energy and Environment Cabinet
the authority to administer all rules, regulations, and orders
promulgated under Chapter 224, and to provide for the prevention,
abatement, and control of all water, land, and air pollution.
EPA has made the preliminary determination that the provisions
contained in these regulations, and Kentucky's statute are adequate for
enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means, or
techniques, as well as schedules and timetables for compliance for the
2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS in the Commonwealth.
2. 110(a)(2)(B) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring/Data System: Section
110(a)(2)(B) requires SIPs to provide for establishment and operation
of appropriate devices, methods, systems, and procedures necessary to:
(i) Monitor, compile, and analyze data on ambient air quality, and (ii)
upon request, make such data available to the Administrator. These
requirements are met through KRS 224.10-100 (22), which provides the
authority to require the installation, maintenance, and use of
equipment, devices, or tests and methodologies to monitor the nature
and amount of any substance emitted into the ambient air and to provide
the information to the Cabinet.
KDAQ also cites to the following regulations to demonstrate that
the Commonwealth meets the requirements of this element: 401 KAR
50:050. Monitoring; 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention of significant
deterioration of air quality; and 401 KAR 51:052. Review of new sources
in or impacting upon nonattainment areas; 401 KAR 53:005. General
provisions; 401 KAR 53:010. Ambient air quality standards.
Annually, states develop and submit to EPA for approval statewide
ambient monitoring network plans consistent with the requirements of 40
CFR parts 50, 53, and 58. The annual network plan involves an
evaluation of any proposed changes to the monitoring network, includes
the annual ambient monitoring network design plan and a certified
evaluation of the agency's ambient monitors and auxiliary support
equipment.\9\ KDAQ's monitoring network plan was submitted on June 28,
2019, and approved by EPA on October 3, 2019. Kentucky's approved
monitoring network plan can be accessed at www.regulations.gov using
Docket ID No. EPA-R04-OAR-2019-0217. These SIP-approved rules and
Kentucky's statute, along with Kentucky's Ambient Air Monitoring
Network Plan, provide for the establishment and operation of ambient
air quality monitors, the compilation and analysis of ambient air
quality data, and the submission of these data to EPA upon request.
Therefore, EPA has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's
SIP and practices are adequate for the ambient air quality monitoring
and data system related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
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\9\ On occasion, proposed changes to the monitoring network are
evaluated outside of the network plan approval process in accordance
with 40 CFR part 58.
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3. 110(a)(2)(C) Programs for Enforcement of Control Measures and
for Construction or Modification of Stationary Sources: This element
consists of three sub-elements: Enforcement, state-wide regulation of
new and modified minor sources and minor modifications of major
sources, and preconstruction permitting of major sources and major
modifications in areas designated attainment or unclassifiable for the
subject NAAQS as required by CAA title I part C (i.e., the major source
PSD program). EPA's analysis of how these provisions of Kentucky's SIP
address each sub-element are described below.
Enforcement: KDAQ's SIP-approved regulation, 401 KAR 50:060,
Enforcement, provides for enforcement of emission limits and control
measures associated with ozone through permit terms and conditions, and
compliance schedules. This regulation also authorizes the Cabinet to
modify and revoke permits and compliance schedules, and authorizes
administrative penalties and injunctive relief, citing to statutory
civil penalty and injunctive relief provisions of KRS 224.99-010. EPA
has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP is adequate
for enforcement related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
Preconstruction PSD Permitting for Major Sources: With regard to
section 110(a)(2)(C) related to the programs for preconstruction PSD
permitting for major sources, EPA is not proposing any action in this
rulemaking. EPA will consider these requirements in relation to
Kentucky's 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS infrastructure submission in a
separate rulemaking.
Regulation of minor sources and modifications: Kentucky's SIP-
approved rules, 401 KAR 51:005, Purpose and general provisions and 401
KAR 52:030, Federally-enforceable permits for non-major sources
collectively govern the preconstruction permitting of modifications and
construction of minor stationary sources, and minor modifications of
major stationary sources.
EPA has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP is
adequate for program enforcement of control measures, and regulation of
minor sources and modifications related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
4. 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II) Interstate Pollution Transport:
Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) has two components: 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II). Each of these components has two subparts
resulting in four distinct components, commonly referred to as
[[Page 14446]]
``prongs,'' that must be addressed in infrastructure SIP submissions.
The first two prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I),
are provisions that prohibit any source or other type of emissions
activity in one state from contributing significantly to nonattainment
of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 1'') and interfering with
maintenance of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 2''). The third and
fourth prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), are
provisions that prohibit emissions activity in one state from
interfering with measures required to prevent significant deterioration
of air quality in another state (``prong 3''), or to protect visibility
in another state (``prong 4'').
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)--prongs 1 and 2: EPA is not proposing any action
in this rulemaking related to the interstate transport provisions
pertaining to the contribution to nonattainment or interference with
maintenance in other states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and
2). EPA will consider these requirements in relation to Kentucky's 2015
8-hour ozone NAAQS infrastructure submission in a separate rulemaking.
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 3: With regard to section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), the PSD element, referred to as prong 3, EPA is
not proposing any action in this rulemaking. EPA will consider these
requirements in relation to Kentucky's 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS
infrastructure submission in a separate rulemaking.
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 4: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) requires
that the SIP contain adequate provisions to protect visibility in other
States. This requirement is satisfied for any relevant NAAQS when the
state has a fully-approved regional haze SIP. Kentucky's SIP contains a
fully approved Regional Haze Plan (see 84 FR 13800 (April 8, 2019)).
EPA's approval of the Kentucky regional haze SIP therefore ensures that
emissions from Kentucky are not interfering with measures to protect
visibility in other states, satisfying the requirements of prong 4 of
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS. EPA has
made the preliminary determination Kentucky's SIPs meet the
requirements of prong 4 of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) for the 2015 8-
hour ozone NAAQS.
5. 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) Interstate Pollution Abatement and
International Air Pollution: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) requires SIPs to
include provisions ensuring compliance with sections 115 and 126 of the
Act, relating to interstate and international pollution abatement.
Regulation 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment Status Designations designates
the status of all areas of the Commonwealth of Kentucky with regard to
attainment of the NAAQS. Regulation 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention of
significant deterioration of air quality and Regulation 401 KAR 51:052.
Review of new sources in or impacting upon nonattainment areas, Section
1, require Kentucky to provide notice to nearby states that may be
affected by proposed major source modifications. These regulations cite
to Federal notification requirements under 40 CFR Sections 51.166 and
to 401 KAR 52:100. Public, affected state, and the US. EPA review,
Section 6, which requires that public notice for permit actions be
provided to affected states. Additionally, Kentucky does not have any
pending obligation under sections 115 and 126 of the CAA with respect
to the 2015 ozone NAAQS. EPA has made the preliminary determination
that Kentucky's SIP is adequate for ensuring compliance with the
applicable requirements relating to interstate and international
pollution abatement for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
6. 110(a)(2)(E) Adequate Resources and Authority, Conflict of
Interest, and Oversight of Local Governments and Regional Agencies:
Section 110(a)(2)(E) requires that each implementation plan provide:
(i) Necessary assurances that the state will have adequate personnel,
funding, and authority under state law to carry out its implementation
plan, (ii) that the state comply with the requirements respecting state
boards pursuant to section 128 of the Act, and (iii) necessary
assurances that, where the state has relied on a local or regional
government, agency, or instrumentality for the implementation of any
plan provision, the state has responsibility for ensuring adequate
implementation of such plan provisions. EPA is proposing to approve
Kentucky's SIP submission as meeting the requirements of sub-elements
110(a)(2)(E)(i), (ii), and (iii).
In support of elements 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and (iii), Kentucky's
infrastructure submission demonstrates that it is responsible for
promulgating rules and regulations for the NAAQS, emissions standards,
general policies, a system of permits, fee schedules for the review of
plans, and other planning needs. With respect to having the necessary
funding and authority to implement the Kentucky SIP, Kentucky's State
statute 401 KAR 50:038. Air Emissions Fee, and the following State
statutes support sub-elements (i) and (iii): KRS 224.10-100. Powers and
Duties of the Cabinet and KRS 224.10-020. Departments within the
cabinet--Offices and divisions within the departments--Appointments. As
evidence of the adequacy of KDAQ's resources with respect to sub-
elements (i) and (iii), KDAQ has a performance partnership agreement
with EPA outlining 105 grant commitments and current status of these
commitments for fiscal year 2018. Annually, the Commonwealth updates
this performance partnership agreement based on current SIP
requirements, air quality planning, and applicable requirements related
to the NAAQS. There were no outstanding issues in relation to the SIP
for fiscal year 2018, therefore, KDAQ's grants were finalized and
closed out. With respect to (iii) necessary assurances that, where the
state has relied on a local or regional government, agency, or
instrumentality for the implementation of any plan provision, the state
has responsibility for ensuring adequate implementation of such plan
provisions, Kentucky's State statute KRS 224.2-130, Concurrent
jurisdiction with local district provides the Cabinet with oversight
authority of local programs and concurrent jurisdiction. EPA has made
the preliminary determination that Kentucky has adequate resources for
implementation of the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is
proposing to approve Kentucky's infrastructure SIP submission with
respect to section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and (iii).
Section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) requires that Kentucky comply with section
128 of the CAA. Section 128 requires that (a)(1) the majority of
members of the state board or body which approves permits or
enforcement orders represent the public interest and do not derive any
significant portion of their income from persons subject to permitting
or enforcement orders under the CAA; (a)(2) any potential conflicts of
interest by such board or body, or the head of an executive agency with
similar, powers be adequately disclosed. For purposes of section
128(a)(1), Kentucky has no boards or bodies with authority over air
pollution permits or enforcement actions. Such matters are instead
handled by the Director of the KDAQ. As such, a ``board or body'' is
not responsible for approving permits or enforcement orders in
Kentucky, and the requirements of section 128(a)(1) are not applicable.
For purposes of section 128(a)(2), Kentucky's SIP has been updated. On
October 3, 2012 (77 FR 60307), EPA took final action to approve KRS
Chapters 11A.020, 11A.030, 11A.040 and Chapters 224.10-020 and 224.10-
100 into the SIP to address the conflict of interest requirements of
[[Page 14447]]
section 128. These SIP-approved state statutes establish the powers and
duties of the Cabinet, departments within the Cabinet, and offices and
divisions within such departments (Chapters 224.10-020 and 224.10-100)
and support sub-element (ii) by requiring adequate disclosures of
potential conflicts (KRS 11A.020. Public servant prohibited from
certain conduct--Exception--Disclosure of personal or private interest)
and otherwise ensuring that public officers and servants do not engage
in activities that may present a conflict of interest (KRS 11A.030
Considerations in determination to abstain from action on official
decision--Advisory opinion; and KRS 11A.040 Acts prohibited for public
servant or officer--Exception). With the incorporation of these
statutes into the Kentucky SIP, the Commonwealth has adequately
addressed the requirements of section 128(a)(2). Thus, EPA is proposing
approval of KDAQ's infrastructure SIP submission for the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS with respect to section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii).
7. 110(a)(2)(F) Stationary Source Monitoring and Reporting: Section
110(a)(2)(F) requires SIPs to meet applicable requirements addressing:
(i) The installation, maintenance, and replacement of equipment, and
the implementation of other necessary steps, by owners or operators of
stationary sources to monitor emissions from such sources, (ii)
periodic reports on the nature and amounts of emissions and emissions
related data from such sources, and (iii) correlation of such reports
by the state agency with any emission limitations or standards
established pursuant to this section, which reports shall be available
at reasonable times for public inspection. EPA's rules regarding how
SIPs need to address source monitoring requirements at 40 CFR 51.212
require SIPs to exclude any provision that would prevent the use of
credible evidence of noncompliance.
The Kentucky infrastructure submission demonstrates how the major
source and minor source emission inventory programs collect emission
data throughout the Commonwealth and ensure the quality of such data.
Kentucky meets these requirements through Chapter 50 General
Administrative Procedures, specifically 401 KAR 50:050 Monitoring. 401
KAR 50:050, Section 1, Monitoring Records and Reporting, states that
the Cabinet may require a facility to install, use, and maintain stack
gas and ambient air monitoring equipment and to establish and maintain
records, and make periodic emission reports at intervals prescribed by
the Cabinet. Also, KRS 224.10-100 (23) requires that any person engaged
in any operation regulated pursuant to this chapter file with the
Cabinet reports containing information as to location, size, height,
rate of emission or discharge, and composition of any substance
discharged or emitted into the ambient air or into the waters or onto
the land of the Commonwealth, and such other information the Cabinet
may require. In addition, EPA is unaware of any provision preventing
the use of credible evidence in the Kentucky SIP.
Additionally, Kentucky is required to submit emissions data to EPA
for purposes of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), pursuant to
Subpart A to 40 CFR part 51,--``Air Emissions Reporting Requirements,''
(AERR). All states are required to submit a comprehensive emission
inventory every three years and report emissions for certain larger
sources annually through EPA's online Emissions Inventory System.
States report emissions data for the six criteria pollutants and the
precursors that form them--nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, ammonia,
lead, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic
compounds. Many states also voluntarily report emissions of hazardous
air pollutants. Kentucky's most recently published triennial compiled
emissions information is available as part of the 2014 NEI. EPA
compiles the emissions data, supplementing it where necessary, and
releases it to the general public through the website https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories.\10\
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\10\ EPA compiles the emissions data and releases the National
Emissions Inventory (NEI) to the public triennial. According to
EPA's 2017 NEI Plan, the 2017 NEI will be available on April 1,
2020, See https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-04/documents/2017nei_plan_addendum_final_apr2019_0.pdf
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EPA has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP and
practices are adequate for the stationary source monitoring systems
related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is proposing
to approve Kentucky's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to
section 110(a)(2)(F).
8. 110(a)(2)(G) Emergency Powers: This section requires that states
demonstrate authority comparable with section 303 of the CAA and
adequate contingency plans to implement such authority. Section 303
authorizes EPA to take action seeking to immediately restrain pollution
sources if such pollution is presenting an imminent and substantial
endangerment to public health, welfare, or the environment. Kentucky's
infrastructure SIP submission identifies air pollution emergency
episodes and preplanned abatement strategies as outlined in the
following Kentucky regulations in Chapter 55 Emergency Episodes,
specifically: 401 KAR 55:005. Significant harm criteria, 401 KAR
55:010. Episode Criteria, and 401 KAR 55:015. Episode Declaration.401
KAR 55:020, Abatement, 401 KAR 55:005. Significant Harm Criteria,
Section 1, Purpose, defines those levels of pollutant concentration
which must be prevented in order to avoid significant harm to the
health of persons. 401 KAR 55:010. Episodic Criteria defines those
levels of pollutant concentrations which justify the proclamation of an
air pollution alert, air pollution warning, an air pollution emergency.
401 KAR 55:015. Episode Declaration provides for the curtailment or
reduction of processes or operations which emit an air contaminant or
an air contaminant precursor whose criteria has been reached and are
located in the affected areas for which an episode level has been
declared.
In addition, KRS 224.10-100 Powers and duties of cabinet and KRS
224.10-410 Order for discontinuance, abatement, or alleviation of
condition or activity without hearing--Subsequent hearing, establish
the authority for Kentucky's secretary to issue orders to person(s) for
discontinuance, abatement, or alleviation of any condition or activity
without hearing because the condition or activity presents a danger to
the health or welfare of the people of the state, and for the Cabinet
to require adoption of any remedial measures deemed necessary. EPA has
made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP, and state laws
are adequate for emergency powers related to the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Kentucky's
infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(G).
9. 110(a)(2)(H) SIP Revisions: Section 110(a)(2)(H), in summary,
requires each SIP to provide for revisions of such plan: (i) As may be
necessary to take account of revisions of such national primary or
secondary ambient air quality standard or the availability of improved
or more expeditious methods of attaining such standard, and (ii)
whenever the Administrator finds that the plan is substantially
inadequate to attain the NAAQS or to otherwise comply with any
additional applicable requirements. As previously discussed, KDAQ is
responsible for adopting air quality rules and revising SIPs as
[[Page 14448]]
needed to attain or maintain the NAAQS. Kentucky has the ability and
authority to respond to calls for SIP revisions and has provided a
number of SIP revisions over the years for implementation of the NAAQS.
Additionally, 401 KAR 53:010 outlines the ambient air quality
standards necessary for the protection of the public health, the
general welfare, and the property and people in the Commonwealth and
states that within 60 days of promulgation or revision of any NAAQS by
EPA, the Cabinet will initiate a process to promulgate or review this
administrative regulation. 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment Status
Designations provides provisions for the Cabinet to review applicable
data and submit to EPA proposed revisions to the list of attainment-
nonattainment areas. EPA has made the preliminary determination that
Kentucky adequately demonstrates a commitment to provide future SIP
revisions related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS when necessary.
Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Kentucky's infrastructure SIP
submission for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS with respect to section
110(a)(2)(H).
10. 110(a)(2)(J) Consultation with Government Officials, Public
Notification, and PSD and Visibility Protection: EPA is proposing to
approve Kentucky's infrastructure SIP submission for the 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS with respect to the general requirement in section
110(a)(2)(J) to include a program in the SIP that provides for meeting
the applicable consultation requirements of section 121, and the public
notification requirements of section 127. EPA's rationale for each sub-
element is described below.
Consultation with government officials (121 consultation): Section
110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA requires states to meet the requirements of
section 121 relating to consultation with local governments, designated
organizations and Federal Land Managers (FLMs) carrying out NAAQS
implementation requirements pursuant to section 121 relative to
consultation. This requirement is met through the Regional Haze SIP,
which provides for continued consultation with government officials,
including the FLMs. Kentucky also adopted consultation procedures in
coordination with the transportation partners in the Commonwealth, for
the implementation of transportation conformity, which includes the
development of mobile inventories for SIP development. Implementation
of transportation conformity as outlined in the consultation procedures
requires KDAQ to consult with Federal, state and local transportation
and air quality agency officials on the development of motor vehicle
emissions budgets. Also, KDAQ notes in its January 1, 2019, SIP
submission that the following Kentucky regulations provide the
Commonwealth the authority to meet this requirement: 401 KAR 50:055.
General compliance requirements; 401 KAR 50:060. Enforcement; 401 KAR
50:065. Conformity of general federal actions; 401 KAR 50:066.
Conformity of Transportation Plans, Programs, and Projects; 401 KAR
51:017. Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality; and 401
KAR 51:052. Review of new sources in or impacting upon nonattainment
areas. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP
and practices adequately demonstrate consultation with government
officials related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS when necessary for the
consultation with government official(s) element of section
110(a)(2)(J).
Public notification (127 public notification): With respect to
public notification, section 110(a)(3)(J) of the CAA requires states to
notify the public of NAAQS exceedances and associated health hazards,
and to enhance public awareness of measures that can prevent such
exceedances. These requirements are met through the following Kentucky
regulations: 401 KAR 51:001. Definitions for 401 KAR Chapter 51; 401
KAR 51:005. Purpose and General Provisions; 401 KAR 51:010. Attainment
Status Designations; 401 KAR 51:017. Prevention of significant
deterioration of air quality; 401 KAR 51:052. Review of new sources in
or impacting upon nonattainment areas; and 401 KAR 52:100. Public,
Affected State, and the US EPA Review. Additionally, Kentucky provides
air quality information to the public via its website at: https://eppcapp.ky.gov/daq/. EPA has made the preliminary determination that
Kentucky's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate the Commonwealth's
ability to provide public notification related to the 2015 8-hour ozone
NAAQS when necessary for the public notification element of section
110(a)(2)(J).
PSD: With regard to the PSD element of section 110(a)(2)(J), EPA is
not proposing any action in this rulemaking. EPA will consider these
requirements in relation to Kentucky's 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS
infrastructure submission in a separate rulemaking.
Visibility protection: EPA's 2013 Guidance notes that it does not
treat the visibility protection aspects of section 110(a)(2)(J) as
applicable for purposes of the infrastructure SIP approval process.
KDAQ referenced its regional haze program as germane to the visibility
component of section 110(a)(2)(J). EPA recognizes that states are
subject to visibility protection and regional haze program requirements
under Part C of the Act (which includes sections 169A and 169B).
However, there are no newly applicable visibility protection
obligations after the promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS. Thus, EPA
has determined that states do not need to address the visibility
component of 110(a)(2)(J) in infrastructure SIP submittals. As such,
EPA has made the preliminary determination that Kentucky's
infrastructure SIP submission is approvable for section 110(a)(2)(J)
related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS and that Kentucky does not need
to rely on its regional haze program to address this element.
11. 110(a)(2)(K) Air Quality Modeling and Submission of Modeling
Data: Section 110(a)(2)(K) of the CAA requires that SIPs provide for
performing air quality modeling so that effects on air quality of
emissions from NAAQS pollutants can be predicted and submission of such
data to EPA can be made. With regard to section 110(a)(2)(K), air
quality models, EPA is not proposing any action in this rulemaking. EPA
will consider these requirements in relation to Kentucky's 2015 8-hour
ozone NAAQS infrastructure submission in a separate rulemaking.
12. 110(a)(2)(L) Permitting Fees: This section requires the SIP to
direct the owner or operator of each major stationary source to pay to
the permitting authority, as a condition of any permit required under
the CAA, a fee sufficient to cover: (i) The reasonable costs of
reviewing and acting upon any application for such a permit, and (ii)
if the owner or operator receives a permit for such source, the
reasonable costs of implementing and enforcing the terms and conditions
of any such permit (not including any court costs or other costs
associated with any enforcement action), until such fee requirement is
superseded with respect to such sources by the Administrator's approval
of a fee program under title V.
Kentucky regulation, 401 KAR 50:038 Air Emissions Fee,\11\ provides
for the assessment of fees necessary to fund the state permit program.
KDAQ ensures this is sufficient for the reasonable cost of reviewing
and acting upon PSD and NNSR permits. Additionally, Kentucky has a
fully approved title V operating permit program at 401 KAR 52:020 Title
[[Page 14449]]
V permits \12\ that covers the cost of implementation and enforcement
of PSD and NNSR permits after they have been issued. EPA has made the
preliminary determination that Kentucky's SIP and practices adequately
provide for permitting fees related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS,
when necessary. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Kentucky's
infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(L).
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\11\ This rule is not approved into the federally approved SIP.
\12\ This rule is not approved into the federally approved SIP.
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13. 110(a)(2)(M) Consultation and Participation by Affected Local
Entities: Section 110(a)(2)(M) of the Act requires states to provide
for consultation and participation in SIP development by local
political subdivisions affected by the SIP. Kentucky regulation, 401
KAR 50:066. Conformity of transportation plans, programs, and projects,
and the interagency consultation process as directed by Kentucky's
approved Conformity SIP and 40 CFR 93.112 provide for consultation with
local groups. More specifically, Kentucky adopted state-wide
consultation procedures for the implementation of transportation
conformity which includes the development of mobile inventories for SIP
development and the requirements that link transportation planning and
air quality planning in nonattainment and maintenance areas. Required
partners covered by Kentucky's consultation procedures include Federal,
state and local transportation and air quality agency officials.
Further, Kentucky's ozone infrastructure SIP submission notes that the
following State regulations and State statutes provide the Commonwealth
the authority to meet the requirements of this element; 401 KAR 52:100.
Public, Affected State, and the U.S. EPA Review; and KRS Chapter 77.
Air Pollution Control. EPA has made the preliminary determination that
Kentucky's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate consultation with
affected local entities related to the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS when
necessary.
V. Proposed Action
With the exception of interstate transport provisions of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II) (prongs 1 and 2), PSD provisions related to
major sources under section 110(a)(2)(C), 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 3)
and 110(a)(2)(J), and air quality models of section 110(a)(2)(K), EPA
is proposing to approve Kentucky's January 9, 2019, infrastructure SIP
submission for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS for the above described
infrastructure SIP requirements. EPA is proposing to approve these
portions of Kentucky's infrastructure SIP submission for the 2015 8-
hour ozone NAAQS because these aspects of the submission are consistent
with section 110 of the CAA.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP
submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable
federal regulations. See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in
reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this
proposed action merely proposes to approve state law as meeting federal
requirements and would not impose additional requirements beyond those
imposed by state law. For that reason, this proposed action:
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58
FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
does not have Federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
is not an economically significant regulatory action based
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997);
is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the CAA; and
does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian
reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has
demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian
country, the rule does not have tribal implications as specified by
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), nor will it
impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal
law.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen
dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile
organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: February 27, 2020.
Mary S. Walker,
Regional Administrator, Region 4.
[FR Doc. 2020-05013 Filed 3-11-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P