Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, 5589-5608 [2020-01473]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 21 (Friday, January 31, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 5589-5608]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-01473]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

24 CFR Parts 3280, 3282, and 3285

[Docket No. FR-6149-P-01]
RIN 2502-AJ49


Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards

AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing 
Commissioner, HUD.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This proposed rule would amend the Federal Manufactured Home 
Construction and Safety Standards (the Construction and Safety 
Standards) by adopting recommendations made to HUD by the Manufactured 
Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC). The National Manufactured Housing 
Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 (the Act) requires HUD to 
publish in the Federal Register any proposed revised Construction and 
Safety Standard submitted by the MHCC. The MHCC has prepared and 
submitted to HUD its third group of recommendations to improve various 
aspects of the Construction and Safety Standards. HUD has reviewed 
those proposals and has made editorial revisions to several and HUD 
proposes correlating additions for several of the proposals. HUD has 
decided not to go forward in this proposed rule with certain revisions 
recommended by the MHCC due to pending regulations for improving energy 
efficiency in manufactured homes currently being prepared by the 
Department of Energy. In addition, HUD has decided not to move forward 
with a new proposal to add requirements for draftstopping to the 
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards.
    As agreed, these recommendations are being published to provide 
notice of the proposed revisions and an opportunity for public comment.

DATES: Comment Due Date: March 31, 2020.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit comments responsive 
to this proposed rule to the Office of General Counsel, Regulations 
Division, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th 
Street SW, Room 10276, Washington, DC 20410-0001. All submissions 
should refer to the above docket number and title. Submission of public 
comments may be carried out by hard copy or electronic submission.
    1. Submission of Hard Copy Comments. Comments may be submitted by 
mail or hand delivery. Each commenter submitting hard copy comments, by 
mail or hand delivery, should submit comments to the above address to 
the attention of the Regulations Division. Due to security measures at 
all Federal agencies, submission of comments by mail often results in 
delayed delivery. To ensure timely receipt of comments, HUD recommends 
that any comments submitted by mail be submitted at least 2 weeks in 
advance of the public comment deadline. All hard copy comments received 
by mail or hand delivery are a part of the public record and will be 
posted to https://www.regulations.gov without change.
    2. Electronic Submission of Comments. Interested persons may submit 
comments electronically through the Federal eRulemaking Portal at 
https://www.regulations.gov. HUD strongly encourages commenters to 
submit comments electronically. Electronic submission of comments 
allows the commenter maximum time to prepare and submit a comment, 
ensures timely receipt by HUD, and enables HUD to make comments 
immediately available to the public. Comments submitted electronically 
through the https://www.regulations.gov website can be viewed by other 
commenters and interested members of the public. Commenters should 
follow instructions provided on that site to submit comments 
electronically.
    No Facsimile Comments. Facsimile (fax) comments are not acceptable.
    Public Inspection of Comments. All comments submitted to HUD 
regarding this rule will be available, without charge, for public 
inspection and copying between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. weekdays, at the above 
address. Due to security measures at the HUD Headquarters building, an 
advance appointment to review the public comments must be scheduled by 
calling the Regulations Division at 202-708-3055 (this is not a toll-
free number). Individuals with speech or hearing impairments may access 
this number through TTY by calling the Federal Relay Service at 800-
877-8339 (this is a toll-free number). Copies of all comments submitted 
are available for inspection and downloading at https://www.regulations.gov.

[[Page 5590]]


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Teresa B. Payne, Administrator, Office 
of Manufactured Housing Programs, Office of Housing, U.S. Department of 
Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW, Washington DC 20410; 
telephone 202-402-5365 (this is not a toll-free number). Persons with 
hearing or speech impairments may access this number via TTY by calling 
the toll-free Federal Relay Service at 800-877-8389.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    The National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards 
Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5401-5426) (the Act) authorizes HUD to establish 
the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (the 
Construction and Safety Standards) codified in 24 CFR part 3280. The 
Act was amended in 2000 by the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 
2000 (Pub. L. 106-569, approved December 27, 2000) which, among other 
things establishes the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee (MHCC), 
a consensus committee responsible for providing HUD recommendations to 
adopt, revise and interpret the Construction and Safety Standards. 
HUD's Construction and Safety Standards only apply to the design, 
construction and installation of new homes. Changes to the collective 
standards are not retroactively enforced by HUD as applicable to 
previously designed, built and installed homes.
    This rulemaking is based primarily on the third set of 
recommendations adopted by the MHCC to revise the Construction and 
Safety Standards. It also includes a recent MHCC proposal to revise the 
Construction and Safety Standards to reduce the regulatory burden by 
eliminating the need for manufacturers to obtain special approvals from 
HUD for certain construction features and options. HUD has reviewed 
those proposals and has made editorial revisions. HUD is also adding 
related proposals that complement the MHCC's recommendations.
    HUD has decided not to include in this proposed rule certain MHCC 
recommendations due to pending regulations for improving energy 
efficiency in manufactured homes being prepared by the U.S. Department 
of Energy (DOE) under the Energy Independence and Security Act (Pub. L. 
110-140, approved December 19, 2007) (EISA). DOE published a Notice of 
Proposed Rulemaking on June 17, 2016 (81 FR 39756) and more recently, a 
Notice of Data Availability, Request for Information on August 3, 2018 
(83 FR 38073) regarding energy conservation standards for manufactured 
housing. Given this DOE rulemaking, HUD has decided to postpone action 
on MHCC-proposed revision to Sec. Sec.  3280.502 and 3280.506(b), 
except for a provision that would be applicable at Sec.  3280.506(b) 
for the mating wall of attached manufactured homes--an option that is 
needed to avoid a more burdensome alternative approval process (24 CFR 
3282.14--Alternative construction of manufactured homes). HUD has also 
decided not to include a recommendation on hallway width, as this issue 
was re-opened by the MHCC and more recent MHCC recommendations have 
been received by HUD and will be addressed through future rulemaking. 
Finally, HUD decided not to move forward with a new proposal to add 
requirements for draftstopping to the Manufactured Home Construction 
and Safety Standards. The MHCC's proposed draftstopping provision and 
HUD's reasons for returning it to the MHCC for additional consideration 
are provided later in this preamble.

II. General Update of the Standards

A. General

    HUD proposes to add a definition in Sec.  3282.2 for ``attached 
accessory building or structure,'' a term and definition recommended by 
the MHCC to address features including, but not limited to, attached 
garages and attached carports. HUD also proposes to amend Sec.  3280.3 
by clarifying the requirement that consumer manuals be in accordance 
with Sec.  3282.207, in addition to general references to 24 CFR parts 
3280 and 3282. Through this proposed rulemaking, HUD would also amend 
Sec.  3280.11(d) by clarifying the location requirement of the 
certification label to each transportable section of a manufactured 
home. Specifically, the label must be installed on a permanent part of 
the exterior of the manufactured home section in a visible location as 
specified in the approved design. This provides for locating the 
certification label on transportable sections of multi-story homes that 
require that the label be located in an area that would cause it to 
remain visible after all work is completed in finishing the home at the 
home site.
    Finally, HUD proposes to revise Sec.  3280.5 by adding a new 
paragraph (d) requiring that a statement be added to the Data Plate of 
a manufactured home identifying whether or not the home has been 
designed to accommodate an add-on or attached accessory building or 
structure (see proposed standards Sec. Sec.  3280.212 and 3280.213). 
The MHCC considered and recommended that a statement be added to the 
Data Plate but did not provide the specific language to be included. 
Therefore, HUD has developed proposed language for the Data Plate in 
order to move forward with the MHCC's correlating recommendations for 
addressing attached accessory buildings and structures.

B. Planning Considerations

    HUD proposes amending Sec.  3280.103 by removing the upper limit of 
90 cubic feet per meter (cfm) in paragraph (b). This change would 
eliminate the need for manufacturers to obtain an alternative 
construction (AC) approval in order to manufacture homes that exceed 
2,571 square feet, the maximum square footage that would otherwise be 
permitted with a 90 cfm fan. The proposed rule would also add new 
paragraph (d) to allow for design and construction flexibility. 
Specifically, HUD proposes to revise Sec.  3280.103(d) by providing 
that, as an option to complying with Sec.  3280.103(b) and (c), the 
manufactured home meet the requirement for whole house ventilation and 
additional ventilation by complying with the ASHRAE 62.2 Standard, 
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air quality in Low-Rise Residential 
Buildings--2010 edition. Without this change, manufacturers would be 
required to request and obtain AC letters in order to design and build 
homes that would comply with the provisions of the ASHRAE 62.2 
standard.
    HUD proposes amending Sec.  3280.108 by adding a minimum clear 
opening requirement to all interior swinging doors. Specifically, this 
proposed rule would require that all interior swinging doors must have 
a minimum clear opening of 27 inches, except doors to toilet 
compartments in single-section homes. The proposed rule would also 
amend the requirements for toilet compartments in Sec.  3280.111 by 
adding a requirement that the minimum clear opening width for single 
and multi-section bathroom passage doors be 23 inches and 27 inches, 
respectively. These reflect current construction practices for 
manufactured homes as well as other housing products and accommodates 
the characteristics of narrower, single-section homes.
    HUD proposes amending Sec.  3280.113 by adding a provision for 
glazed (window) openings that face into a roofed porch. Specifically, 
HUD is proposing that required glazed openings be permitted to satisfy 
light and ventilation requirements for habitable rooms if the glazed 
areas (windows) face into a roofed porch where the porch

[[Page 5591]]

abuts a street, yard, or court, and the longer side of the porch is at 
least 65 percent open and unobstructed, and the ceiling height is not 
less than 7 feet. Adding this provision would make the Construction and 
Safety Standards consistent with existing state and local building 
codes, and industry practice for other housing products.
    HUD is proposing a new Sec.  3280.114 to define requirements for 
stairways, landings, handrails, guards and stairway illumination. 
Without this provision in the federally preemptive Construction and 
Safety Standards, the inclusion of such features in a manufactured home 
are subject to the requirements of state or local jurisdictions having 
authority over the home site, including state and local inspections. By 
including these requirements in the Construction and Safety Standards, 
which are consistent with state and local building codes for other 
housing products and generally used in the design and construction of 
multi-story manufactured housing, HUD can ensure uniformity in designs 
and construction and provide cost savings through one uniform standard. 
Specifically, Sec.  3280.114(a) would define requirements for stairway 
width, stairway treads and risers, including riser height and tread 
depth. This paragraph would also define requirements for stairway 
headroom, winders, spiral stairways, and circular stairways. Paragraph 
(b) of Sec.  3280.114 would define requirements for stairway landing 
dimensions and locations of stairway landings. Section 3280.114(c) 
would define requirements for stairway handrails including requirements 
for handrail height, continuity graspability and loading. Paragraph (d) 
of Sec.  3280.114 would define requirements for guards including height 
and guard separation width for porches, balconies, or raised floor 
surfaces. Finally, Sec.  3280.114(e) would define requirements for 
stairway illumination for both interior and exterior stairways.

C. Carbon Monoxide Detectors

    HUD proposes to add a new Sec.  3280.211 that would require the 
installation and designate the location of carbon monoxide detectors. 
The provision would require Carbon Monoxide alarms in all homes with 
fuel burning appliances and in all homes designed by the home 
manufacturer for an attached garage, as well as all homes designed by 
the home manufacturer to be installed over a basement. These conditions 
for carbon monoxide alarm installation are each mutually exclusive 
since the potential for field-installed fuel burning appliances will 
exist and may impact health and safety of occupants.
    Implementing effective carbon monoxide detection and alarms is a 
HUD priority and promotes important health and safety concerns. While 
HUD's current Construction and Safety Standards do not require the 
installation of carbon monoxide detection and alarms, 38 states and 
numerous local jurisdictions require these detectors in all housing, 
including manufactured housing. Without a Federal Construction and 
Safety Standard, manufactured home manufacturers are subject to design 
and inspection requirements of potentially disparate state and local 
jurisdictions. The proposed standards for the installation of carbon 
monoxide detectors in manufactured housing are generally consistent 
with the majority of existing state and local building codes. By 
including this requirement in the Construction and Safety Standards, 
HUD expects to ensure uniformity and provide cost savings through 
design and construction to one standard implemented across the country 
for homes having gas burning appliances or designed for an attached 
garage.
    Specifically, Sec.  3280.211(a) would require that carbon monoxide 
alarms or detectors be installed in accordance with the Standard for 
the Installation of Carbon Monoxide Detection Equipment, NFPA 720-2015, 
and be listed and conform to the requirements of Single and Multiple 
Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms, ANSI/UL 2034-2008 edition. A listed 
carbon monoxide alarm means that in order to use any given carbon 
monoxide alarm model, the alarm model must be tested/evaluated and 
listed by a nationally recognized organization as conforming to the 
requirements of the ANSI/UL standard--see definition for ``listed or 
certified'' at Sec.  3280.2. Section 3280.211(b) would require the home 
manufacturer to provide a carbon monoxide detector or alarm for any 
home designed by the home manufacturer to be installed over a basement, 
regardless of whether the factory-built home contains a fuel burning 
appliance. The manufacturer would also be required to install an 
electrical junction box for interconnection to other required alarms or 
detectors. Finally, Sec.  3280.211(c) would require each carbon 
monoxide alarm or detector installed at the factory to be operationally 
tested and to be repaired or replaced if it does not function properly 
during the test.

D. Attached Garages

    HUD is proposing a new Sec.  3280.212 to define fire separation 
requirements for manufactured homes with factory constructed attached 
garages or homes that are constructed for the attachment of a site-
built garage to be constructed with and conform state and local 
building code requirements and based primarily on section R302 of the 
2012 International Residential Code. Section 3280.212(a) would define 
the configuration requirements for placing fire separation materials 
between a garage and a manufactured home, including the required 
material type and thickness. Section 3280.212(b) would place 
restrictions on the location of openings between a manufactured home 
and a garage and the requirements for doors between garage openings and 
the manufactured home. Section 3280.212(c) would define material 
requirements for ducts that penetrate the walls or ceilings separating 
a manufactured home from the garage. This new standard will eliminate 
the need for manufacturers to follow the costly and burdensome AC 
process.

E. Attached Carports

    HUD is proposing a new Sec.  3280.213 to define requirements for 
manufactured homes with factory constructed carports or homes that are 
constructed for the attachment of a site-built carport. Paragraph (a) 
of Sec.  3280.213 would require that the home be designed to 
accommodate the appropriate design loads from the carport that would be 
transferred to and through the home's structure and foundation and 
support systems. Section 3280.213(b) would require the manufacturer's 
designs to include identification of the specific characteristics of 
the home and carport design that impose limitations and restrictions 
resulting from the structural analysis of the attached feature. Such 
limitations and restriction identifications may include, but are not 
limited to, characteristics such as home widths, maximum carport length 
and width, and Wind Zone and Roof Load Zone. Paragraph (c) of Sec.  
3280.213 would provide requirements for the design of the structural 
support system and attachment points of the carport. Section 
3280.213(d) would provide requirements for the design of the uplift 
resistance and anchoring methods used to transfer the design loads 
throughout the structure to the ground. Section 3280.213(e) would 
require that the design for the attachment at the home site be 
completed in a manner that does not prevent or impact the ability of 
the home to conform to roof and attic

[[Page 5592]]

ventilation provisions established in Sec.  3280.504(d). Finally, Sec.  
3280.213(f) would require that the manufacturer develop and provide 
installation instructions for the home to guide installers and other 
parties on the attachment of the carport to the home to ensure the home 
is not taken out of compliance with the Construction and Safety 
Standards.
    The issue concerning attached carports, in general, was discussed 
at length by the MHCC at its September 2018 meeting. In accordance with 
the Act, HUD is proposing related standards in Sec.  3280.213 for 
attached carports to complement the MHCC's recommendations and provide 
complete standards-based requirements for design and construction. The 
MHCC envisioned appropriate design and construction of the home and 
considered the installation instructions for affected homes. HUD 
developed and proposes Sec.  3280.213 to move forward with the MHCC's 
correlating recommendations for bringing certain attached accessory 
buildings and structures (garages and carports) within the Construction 
and Safety Standards. Should HUD find that other accessory buildings 
and structures are being designed by home manufacturers for structural 
attachment, HUD will work with the MHCC to develop and promulgate 
appropriate proposed standards to address those accessory buildings and 
structures. These proposed revisions will, in most circumstances, 
eliminate the need for manufacturers to follow the costly and 
burdensome AC process, which is described later in this preamble, and 
will clarify how carports designed to be attached by the manufacturer 
should be viewed within the context of the Construction and Safety 
Standards.

F. Body and Frame Requirements

    HUD proposes to revise Sec.  3280.305 to establish standards for 
multi-story construction. Multi-story design and construction are a 
more recent feature of manufactured home construction that provides 
consumers expanded choice. HUD is proposing these requirements to 
eliminate the need for manufacturers to follow the costly and 
burdensome AC process. Specifically, HUD is proposing that 
manufacturers producing multi-story manufactured homes ensure that each 
story is securely fastened to the story above and below it by ensuring 
its approved designs and construction provide continuity and resist 
design loads set forth in the Construction and Safety Standards. In 
Sec.  3280.305(a), HUD proposes that uncompressed finished flooring 
greater than \1/8\ inch in thickness does not extend beneath load 
bearing walls that are fastened to the floor structure. HUD proposes 
amending Sec.  3280.305(g) to require bottom board material to be 
tightfitted against all penetrations. HUD would revise Sec.  
3280.305(h) by adding a provision that would allow portions of roof 
assemblies to be assembled at the home site in accordance with 24 CFR 
part 3282, subpart M. Similarly, HUD is proposing to amend Sec.  
3280.307 to add paragraph (e), which would provide that multi-story and 
attached manufactured home construction would not be required to comply 
with factory installation of weather-resistant exterior construction 
under certain conditions.

G. Thermal Protection

    HUD is proposing to revise Sec.  3280.504(a)(3) to allow the vapor 
retarder of the first story ceiling to be omitted for multi-story homes 
when the story directly above is part of the same manufactured home. 
HUD is also proposing to add Sec.  3280.504(b) that would provide 
requirements for design of the walls providing separation (mating or 
marriage wall) of attached manufactured homes to be treated as exterior 
walls. HUD is also amending Sec.  3280.506(b) to address thermal 
requirements for the mating wall of attached manufactured homes.

H. Plumbing Systems

    In Sec.  3280.602, HUD is proposing to add a definition of 
``indirect waste receptor,'' consistent with state and local standards. 
HUD is also proposing to revise Sec.  3280.608(b) to add provisions for 
support of vertical drainage and water piping at each story height, an 
aspect required for multi-story manufactured homes. HUD is also 
proposing to revise the current provision in Sec.  3280.609(c) for 
water heater relief valves by requiring the discharge from the relief 
valves to be piped to the outside of the home and would no longer allow 
them to be directly connected to the drainage system of the home. HUD 
is proposing this change to ensure against water build-up under the 
home. Section 3280.610(c) would be revised to also allow the site 
assembly of portions of drain lines between stories for multi-story 
construction. These new and revised standards support multi-story 
construction and will eliminate the need for manufacturers to follow 
the costly and burdensome AC process. HUD is also proposing amending 
Sec.  3280.611(c) to allow sections of a wet-vented drain that are 3 
inches in diameter to carry the waste of an unlimited number of 
fixtures. Finally, HUD proposed to revise Sec.  3280.612(a) by lowering 
the test pressure for the water distribution test from 100 psi to 80 
psi +/5 psi. HUD is proposing this change to avoid injury and align 
with typical state and local code requirements.

I. Heating, Cooling and Fuel Burning Systems

    HUD is proposing to amend Sec.  3280.705(c) by providing that 
interconnections between stories in multi-story manufactured homes be 
accessible through a panel on the exterior or interior of the 
manufactured home. HUD proposes revising Sec.  3280.705(k) to amend the 
label that identifies the gas supply connection. This is a minor 
revision, changing ``mobile'' home to ``manufactured'' home. Finally, 
HUD is proposing to clarify and revise Sec.  3280.705(l) by requiring 
that vertical gas piping in multi-story units be supported at intervals 
not to exceed 6 feet and by providing a tolerance of +/- 0.2 psi gauge 
for the gas piping test before appliances are connected. These proposed 
revisions will eliminate the need for manufacturers to follow the 
costly and burdensome AC process as discussed below.
    HUD proposes to amend Sec.  3280.708(a)(1) to clarify that complete 
factory installation of the exhaust duct system between transportable 
sections is not required if the exhaust duct system otherwise meets 
paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of the section.
    HUD proposes to revise Sec.  3280.709(a) by allowing a direct-vent 
space heating appliance to be shipped loose for future installation in 
a basement provided it and its connections are field installed and 
inspected in accordance with approved installation instructions. This 
change would allow for design flexibility and optimal space planning 
and provide parity with site-built housing. Section 3280.710(d) would 
be revised by requiring venting systems to terminate at least 3 feet 
above any motor driven air intake discharging into habitable areas when 
located within 10 feet of the air intake. This would assure that proper 
separation is maintained between the air intake and exhaust system to 
prevent any products of combustion from the exhaust vent from entering 
the living space area.

J. Electrical Systems

    HUD proposes to revise Sec.  3280.807 by adding paragraph (g), 
which would require that ceiling and wall mounted light fixtures not be 
controlled by the same switch to improve energy efficiency. HUD is also 
proposing to

[[Page 5593]]

revise Sec.  3280.810(b) by requiring that each manufactured home be 
subject to electrical polarity checks to determine that connections 
have been made in accordance with applicable provisions of the 
Construction and Safety standards and Article 550.17 of the National 
Electric Code, NFPA No. 70-2005. HUD also proposes to maintain the 
provision that visual verification is an acceptable electrical polarity 
check.

I. Transportation Systems

    HUD is proposing to revise Sec.  3280.903(a) to describe the 
general provisions that need to be considered in the design of a 
structure to withstand transportation loads. Specifically, Sec.  
3280.903(b) would be revised to clarify provisions for conducting road 
tests to determine the adequacy of the structure to resist in-transit 
loads and would also be revised by incorporating certain provisions and 
engineering principles contained in the HUD-published Interpretative 
Bulletin J-1-76 for preparing an engineering analysis for designing the 
structure to resist transportation loads. HUD intends to retire 
Interpretive Bulletin J-1-76 once this rule is published as a final 
rule and the rule takes legal effect. The alternative currently 
provided by Sec.  3280.903(c) of allowing the use of documented 
evidence to satisfy the transportation design requirements would be 
removed since there is no consistent data collection methodology that 
has historically been maintained by manufacturers to satisfy this 
requirement.
    HUD is revising Sec.  3280.904(b) by adding new requirements for 
recycled axles and used tires and by reference to 49 CFR 571.19 
(Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No.119) for both determining the 
load capacity and selection criteria requirements for both new and used 
tires. The stopping distance for conducting highway brake tests from an 
initial speed of 20 miles per hour would be reduced from 40 to 35 feet 
to be consistent with U.S. Department of Transportation regulations 
(refer to 49 CFR 393.52).

L. Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction

    HUD is proposing to add a new subpart K for attached manufactured 
homes with a zero lot line and other related construction that is not 
covered elsewhere in the Construction and Safety Standards. Subpart K 
would enable manufacturers to design and construct homes similar to 
townhomes, which may be useful to address affordable housing needs in 
Opportunity Zones and urban or other areas. These new standards would 
eliminate the need for manufacturers to follow the costly and 
burdensome AC process and would establish Federal preemption for 
aspects that would otherwise be under the jurisdiction of state and 
local authorities. To meet the requirements of the new subpart, Sec.  
3280.1002 would require that each manufactured home be structurally 
independent from the other and be protected by a fire separation wall 
when closer than three feet to another attached manufactured home. 
Section 3280.1003 would require attached manufactured homes be 
separated from each other by a fire separation wall of at least one-
hour fire-resistive construction, including requirements that the fire 
separation wall not contain through-penetrations or openings. The 
provisions also require that the fire separation wall be continuous 
from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, decking, or 
slab, and that a parapet be provided for attached construction unless 
roofs are of a Class C roof covering and the roof decking or sheathing 
is of noncombustible materials or approved fire retardant treated wood 
or a layer of \5/8\ inch Type X gypsum board is installed directly 
below the sheathing for a distance of at least 4 feet on each side of 
the fire separation wall. Parapets would also be required to have the 
same fire resistance rating as that required for the supporting walls. 
Section 3280.104 would require that the fire separation wall on each 
attached manufactured home be provided with condensation control 
protection and a vapor retarder and be insulated to meet the thermal 
protection requirements of the Standards. Section 3280.105 would 
require that each attached manufactured home be provided with its own 
electrical service and that service conductors not pass between each 
home. Lastly, Sec.  3280.106 would require that each attached home have 
its own individual water supply and water heater.

M. Changes to the Manufactured Home Procedural and Enforcement 
Regulations (24 CFR Part 3282)

    In addition to recommending changes to the Construction and Safety 
Standards, the MHCC, at its September 2018 meeting, included 
recommended revisions to the Manufactured Home Procedural and 
Regulations at 24 CFR part 3282. These recommendations relate to the 
recommendations made by the MHCC in its third set of standards 
addressing attached garages. These MHCC recommendations also respond to 
public comments HUD received on reducing regulatory burdens associated 
with regulating the design and construction of homes with attached 
garages and attached carports (see 83 FR 3635, January 26, 2018).
    Consistent with these recommendations, HUD is proposing to amend 
various provisions of part 3282 to address attached garages and 
carports. Significantly, HUD proposes that attached garages and 
carports would not be subject to HUD review and approval through the AC 
process if designed and constructed without affecting the home's 
performance and the home's compliance with the Construction and Safety 
Standards. Specifically, HUD proposes to add a definition for an 
``attached accessory building or structure'' at Sec.  3282.7 as 
recommended by the MHCC and modified by HUD to ensure the clarity of 
intent. HUD proposes that the definition of an ``attached accessory 
building or structure'' mean ``any awning, cabana, deck, ramada, 
storage cabinet, carport, fence, windbreak, garage or porch for which 
the attachment of such is designed by the home manufacturer to be 
structurally supported by the basic manufactured home.'' In accordance 
with the MHCC's recommendation, HUD also proposes to revise the 
definition of ``add-on'' at Sec.  3282.8(j) to address attached 
accessory buildings and structures that may constitute add-ons and to 
provide specific provisions for more common structurally dependent 
attached accessory buildings or structures, such as attached garages 
and attached carports. HUD is also proposing to amend the policy 
provision of Sec.  3282.14 to exclude add-ons or attached buildings or 
structures that do not affect the performance and ability of the home 
to comply with the Construction and Safety Standards. Finally, HUD 
proposes to amend Sec.  3282.601, consistent with Sec. Sec.  3282.7 and 
3282.14, to provide that an add-on or attached accessory building or 
structure that does not affect the performance of the home and the 
home's compliance with the Construction and Safety Standards is not 
subject to subpart M, the On-Site Completion of Construction of 
Manufactured Homes requirements.

N. Changes to the Model Manufactured Home Installation Standards (24 
CFR Part 3285)

    In addition to recommending changes to the Construction and Safety 
Standards, the MHCC at its September 2018 meeting included recommended 
revisions to the Manufactured Home Model Installation Standards, at 24 
CFR part 3285. These recommendations also relate to the recommendations 
made by

[[Page 5594]]

the MHCC in its third set of standards addressing attached garages. 
More recent MHCC recommendations also respond to public comments 
received on reducing regulatory burdens associated with installing 
manufactured homes designed for site attached garages and site attached 
carports (see 83 FR 3635, January 26, 2018). These proposed changes are 
necessary to ensure that homes designed for the attachment of garages 
and carports have appropriate installation instructions and would not 
require special inspections generally required through the AC letter 
process. Accordingly, HUD proposes to add the MHCC recommended 
definition for an ``attached accessory building or structure'' at Sec.  
3285.5. HUD is also proposing to amend the provisions for the add-on or 
installation of attached accessory buildings or structures set forth at 
Sec.  3285.903, in accordance with a MHCC recommendation to incorporate 
the new terminology for attached accessory buildings or structures.

III. Recommendation Returned to MHCC

    HUD is returning to the MHCC for further consideration, the 
proposal to add requirements for draftstopping as identified in the 
MHCC's recommendation for Report on Comments (ROC) number 20, also 
referred to by the MHCC as 20 ROC. The proposed amendment recommended 
by the MHCC include provisions addressing draftstopping requirements 
for:
     Concealed spaces of a floor/ceiling assemblies;
     dividing large concealed areas;
     locations where an assembly is below a floor membrane and 
above a ceiling membrane;
     acceptable draftstopping materials;
     installation along framing members; and
     maintaining the integrity of all draftstops.
    HUD is returning this proposal to the MHCC because potential 
significant costs have been identified in HUD's review of the 
recommendations, and some manufacturers, responding to requests for 
cost impact information, have identified ambiguity in the application 
of the MHCC-recommended standards. Manufacturers contacted regarding 
potential costs associated with the proposed requirements provided 
material cost estimates ranging from over $30 to about $400 per home to 
comply with these proposed draftstopping provisions. One manufacturer 
assumed that draftstopping would only be provided between two dwelling 
units of a multi-family home and provided costs and construction 
estimates associated with separating two dwelling units. Another 
manufacturer expressed concerns with obtaining complete separation in 
the floor cavity space while maintaining about equal concealed space 
for each area as required by the proposal. Still another manufacturer 
expressed concerns over unintended consequences that would result from 
the proposed draftstopping provisions due to potential additional costs 
for ventilation of attic spaces and higher labor costs associated with 
penetrations and gaps needed for ductwork, electrical wiring, etc. 
Further, allowances for penetrations and gaps is inconsistent with the 
above MHCC-recommended standard which would require the integrity of 
all draftstops to be maintained. In view of these concerns, HUD 
believes that this proposal should be reconsidered by the MHCC, 
addressed, and processed with future recommendations being evaluated by 
the MHCC for multi-family manufactured homes, rather than to be 
required in the construction of any manufactured home where the area of 
concealed spaces exceeds 1000 square feet in area.

IV. Incorporation by Reference

    Before HUD issues a final rule, the reference standards proposed 
for incorporation will be approved by the Director of the Federal 
Register for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of these standards may be obtained 
from the organization that developed the standard. As described in 
Sec.  3280.4, these standards are also available for inspection at 
HUD's Office of Manufactured Housing Programs and the National Archives 
and Records Administration.
    This proposed rule would incorporate by reference the following 
five new consensus standards for Manufactured Housing:
    1. ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2-2010, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air 
Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. This standard defines the 
roles of and minimum requirements for mechanical and natural 
ventilation systems and the building envelope intended to provide 
acceptable indoor air quality in low-rise residential buildings. It is 
ASHRAE's Indoor Air Quality standard for residential buildings. It 
applies to spaces intended for human occupancy within single-family 
houses and multi-family structures of three stories or fewer above 
grade, including manufactured and modular houses. This standard is 
available online for review and comment during this rule's comment 
period via read-only, electronic access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards/.
    2. ANSI/UL 2034-2008. Standard for Single and Multiple Station 
Carbon Monoxide Alarms. These requirements cover electrically operated 
single and multiple station carbon monoxide (CO) alarms intended for 
protection in ordinary indoor locations of dwelling units, including 
recreational vehicles, mobile homes, and recreational boats with 
enclosed accommodation spaces and cockpit areas. The carbon monoxide 
alarms covered by these requirements are intended to respond to the 
presence of carbon monoxide from sources such as, but not limited to, 
exhaust from internal-combustion engines, abnormal operation of fuel-
fired appliances, and fireplaces. Carbon monoxide alarms are intended 
to alarm at carbon monoxide levels below those that cause a loss of 
ability to react to the dangers of carbon monoxide exposure. Carbon 
monoxide alarms covered by this standard are not intended to alarm when 
exposed to long-term, low-level carbon monoxide exposures or slightly 
higher short-term transient carbon monoxide exposures, possibly caused 
by air pollution or properly installed and maintained fuel-fired 
appliances and fireplaces. This standard is available online for review 
and comment during this rule's comment period via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standard.
    3. ASTM E 119, 2005. Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of 
Building Construction and Materials. This standard is used to measure 
and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat 
and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself 
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk 
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire 
conditions. This standard is available online for review and comment 
during this rule's comment period via read-only, electronic access at 
https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    4. NFPA No. 70-2005, Article 550.17. National Electronic Code. The 
provisions of this article cover the electrical conductors and 
equipment installed within or on mobile and manufactured homes, the 
conductors that connect mobile and manufactured homes to a supply of 
electricity, and the installation of electrical wiring, luminaires 
(fixtures), equipment, and appurtenances related to electrical 
installations within a mobile home park up to the mobile home service-
entrance conductors or, if none, the mobile home service equipment. 
More specifically,

[[Page 5595]]

Article 550.17 provides that the wiring of each mobile home be 
subjected to a 1-minute, 900-volt, dielectric strength test (with all 
switches closed) between live parts (including neutral) and the mobile 
home ground. Alternatively, the standard allows a test to be performed 
at 1080 volts for 1 second. This test shall be performed after branch 
circuits are complete and after luminaires (fixtures) or appliances are 
installed. This standard is available online for review and comment 
during this rule's comment period via read-only, electronic access at 
https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    5. NFPA 720. Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) 
Detection and Warning Equipment. This document does not attempt to 
cover all equipment, methods, and requirements that might be necessary 
or advantageous for the protection of lives from carbon monoxide 
exposure. The effects of exposure to carbon monoxide vary significantly 
among different people. Infants, pregnant women, and people with 
physical conditions that limit their bodies' ability to use oxygen can 
be affected by low concentrations of carbon monoxide. These conditions 
include, but are not limited to, emphysema, asthma, and heart disease, 
all of which are usually indicated by a shortness of breath upon mild 
exercise. People in need of warning about low levels of carbon monoxide 
should explore the use of specially calibrated units or other 
alternatives. This standard is primarily concerned with life safety, 
not with protection of property. It covers the selection, design, 
application, installation, location, performance, inspection, testing, 
and maintenance of carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment in 
buildings and structures. This standard is available online for review 
and comment during this rule's comment period via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    The sections of the Construction and Safety Standards that would be 
amended by each reference modification and the impact of each reference 
is shown in the chart below.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Standard               Edition           Title              Section                Comment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANSI/UL 2034.....................       2008  Single and Multiple                Sec.  Only required for homes
                                               Station Carbon             3280.211(a)   that incorporate a gas
                                               Monoxide Alarms.                         burning appliance and
                                                                                        then preempts state and
                                                                                        local requirements
                                                                                        already established in
                                                                                        38 states.
ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2.................       2010  Ventilation and                    Sec.  Provides an option to
                                               Acceptable Indoor          3280.103(d)   ventilation requirements
                                               Air Quality in Low-                      established at Sec.
                                               Rise Residential                         3280.103(b) and (c).
                                               Buildings.
NFPA No.70 Article 550.17........       2005  National Electrical                Sec.  Provides for a referenced
                                               Code.                      3280.810(b)   standard to conduct
                                                                                        polarity checks as an
                                                                                        option to visual
                                                                                        polarity checks.
NFPA 720.........................       2015  Standard for the                   Sec.  Only required for homes
                                               Installation Carbon        3280.211(a)   that incorporate a gas
                                               Monoxide Detection                       burning appliance or an
                                               Equipment.                               attached garage and then
                                                                                        preempts state and local
                                                                                        requirements already
                                                                                        established in 38
                                                                                        states.
ASTM E 119.......................       2005  Standard Test Method               Sec.  Allows for a manufacturer
                                               for Fire Tests of         3280.1003(a)   to design and construct
                                               Building                                 attached housing that is
                                               Construction and                         otherwise only permitted
                                               Materials.                               through an AC review and
                                                                                        approval.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to reviewing these standards on-line, copies of the 
standards may be obtained from the organization that developed the 
standard as follows:

ANSI--American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New 
York, NY 10036, 212-642-4900, fax 212 398-0023, www.ansi.org.
ASHRAE_American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air 
Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta GA 30329, 404-
636-8400, fax 404-321-5478.
ASTM_American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, 610 832-9500, fax 610-
832-9555, www.astm.org.
NFPA_National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, 
Massachusetts 02269, 617-770-3000, fax 617-770-0700, www.nfpa.org.
UL_Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 
60062, 847-272-8800, fax 847-509-6257, www.ul.com.

    This proposed rule also references ASTM D781-1968 (Reapproved 
1973), which has already been approved for incorporation by reference. 
No changes are being proposed to this IBR.

V. Findings and Certifications

Regulatory Review--Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Under Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review), a 
determination must be made whether a regulatory action is significant 
and, therefore, subject to review by the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB) in accordance with the requirements of the order. 
Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulations and Regulatory Review) 
directs executive agencies to analyze regulations that are ``outmoded, 
ineffective, insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, 
streamline, expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been 
learned.'' Executive Order 13563 also directs that, where relevant, 
feasible, and consistent with regulatory objectives, and to the extent 
permitted by law, agencies are to identify and consider regulatory 
approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of 
choice for the public.
    This rule was determined to be a ``significant regulatory action'' 
as defined in section 3(f) of the Executive order (although not an 
economically significant regulatory action, as provided under section 
3(f)(1) of the Executive order).

Executive Order 13771

    Executive Order 13771, entitled ``Reducing Regulation and 
Controlling Regulatory Costs,'' was issued on January 30, 2017. This 
rule is expected to be an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action. 
Details on the estimated cost savings of this proposed rule can be 
found below in the Summary of Benefits and Costs, and in the rule's 
Regulatory Impact Analysis.

Summary of Benefits and Costs of Rule

    As discussed, this proposed rule would amend the Federal 
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards by adopting 
recommendations made to HUD by the MHCC. In this regard, this proposed 
rule would revise various standards that reflect current construction 
practices used by the manufacturing housing industry and the home 
construction

[[Page 5596]]

industry in general. For example, when a manufacturer chooses to 
install a carbon monoxide detector, the manufacturer will use a 
detector that has been listed in accordance with requirements of ANSI/
UL 2034 and the manufacturer will install the detector in accordance 
with the product's installation instructions that meet the requirements 
of NFPA 720. Similarly, standards proposed that are applicable to 
interior door widths as well as those provisions for multi-story and 
attached manufactured homes are based on current construction practices 
that have largely been established due to pre-existing requirements of 
state and local jurisdictions for other housing products (i.e., site-
built or modular). Other standards recommended by the MHCC and proposed 
by HUD, such as those that would define requirements for stairways, 
landings, handrails, guards and stairway illumination, would free 
manufacturers from having to follow various state and local 
requirements that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and bring 
uniformity to manufactured home construction nation-wide. The rule 
would also incorporate five new reference standards that are already 
standards used in the design, listing, and evaluation of the respective 
materials or components.
    In addition, HUD has concluded that this rule, if finalized, would 
provide manufacturers more flexibility in the ability to pursue design 
options and, more importantly, cost savings as the result of 
eliminating the need to obtain HUD approval through the Alternative 
Construction (AC) process (see Sec.  3282.14). More specifically, 
manufacturers need to engage the AC process to design and construct 
manufactured homes that incorporate innovations that have not yet been 
codified in HUD's Construction and Safety Standards. For example, HUD's 
proposals addressing the design and construct of multi-story homes, 
attached homes, or homes that are designed to accommodate an attached 
garage or carport that is not factory constructed but added to the home 
during the home installation process, may create regulatory confusion 
between state, local, and Federal authorities and may sometimes require 
HUD approval through the AC process prior to the manufacturer being 
able to incorporate these design features. After review of an AC 
request, HUD establishes specific terms and conditions for use of the 
design through an AC letter. While the AC process serves a useful 
purpose, including encouraging the use of new technology in the 
construction of manufactured homes, HUD believes that codification of 
certain design features that have been reviewed can provide cost 
savings for manufacturers and reduce regulatory confusion when directly 
addressed within the code. In fact, HUD's proposed rule is based 
primarily on the MHCC's recommendations and integrates some aspects of 
specific AC letters that have been issued in the past. Specifically, 
regulatory costs that are currently borne by the manufactured home 
manufacturer associated with preparing an AC request and maintaining 
the AC approvals include:
    1. Manufacturers' engineers' preparation of designs, calculations, 
or tests for aspects that do not conform with outdated building 
standards for past innovations that have become more commonplace but 
have not yet been incorporated into the Construction and Safety 
Standards;
    2. DAPIA review and approval of the designs, calculations, and or 
tests to be submitted on behalf of the manufacturers requesting HUD's 
approval;
    3. Preparation of a submission package for the AC request, 
including all designs, calculations, and tests to be sent to HUD for 
approval;
    4. Lost opportunity costs and actual manufacturer and DAPIA staff 
time to respond to HUD throughout the review and approval process, 
which, depending on the specific AC request, may take as few as 30 days 
or as long as 6 months;
    5. Time and travel associated with third-party inspections at each 
affected home's site for manufactured homes built under an AC that 
requires a site inspection be conducted in order to verify conformance 
with specific terms and conditions of the AC approval; and
    6. Maintaining and providing copies of AC-specific production 
reports, inspection reports, and other administrative burdens required 
to maintain the AC approval.
    This rule would also require that carbon monoxide detectors be 
installed in homes with fuel burning appliances or designed by the home 
manufacturer for an attached garage. These provisions are intended to 
be consistent with other single-family dwelling construction 
requirements and are intended to provide early warning alerts to 
occupants of the presence of carbon monoxide within the living space of 
the manufactured home. Specifically, this rule would require that 
carbon monoxide alarms or detectors be installed in accordance with the 
Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide Detection Equipment, 
NFPA 720-2015, and be listed and conform to the requirements of Single 
and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms, ANSI/UL 2034-2008 edition.
    In sum, the one-time annual costs of this proposed rule range from 
$2.19 million to $4.122 million. Total valued benefits range from 
$8.515 million to $12.517 million. Unvalued benefits include reduced 
home damage and injuries from piping water heater relief valves to 
outside of the home and from the avoided delay during the AC review. 
The total estimated annual costs and benefits are described in the 
chart below.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             3 percent                       7 percent
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Low estimate    High estimate   Low estimate    High estimate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Annual Costs (See Figure 3):
    Carbon Monoxide Detector Requirement........        $258,000      $1,352,400        $258,000      $1,352,400
    Water heater relief valves..................       1,352,400         483,000       1,352,400         483,000
    Wet-vented drains...........................         483,000          96,600         483,000          96,600
    Separate Bathroom Light Switches............          96,600       2,190,000          96,600       2,190,000
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
        Total...................................      $2,190,000      $4,122,000      $2,190,000      $4,122,000
Present Value of Benefits
Carbon Monoxide Detector Requirement (See Figure
 4):
    Value of Injuries Prevented.................        $166,818        $166,818        $142,688        $142,688
    Value of Deaths Prevented...................       8,908,186       8,908,186       7,619,651       7,619,651
Wet-vented drains (See Figure 7)................         483,000         772,800         483,000         772,800
Separate Bathroom Light Switches (See Figure 5).         326,796       2,614,366         214,929       1,719,434
Deregulatory (See Figure 6):

[[Page 5597]]

 
    Whole-House Ventilation.....................           3,540           3,540           3,540           3,540
    2-Story Homes...............................          12,640          12,640          12,640          12,640
    Attached Garages............................          38,836          38,836          38,836          38,836
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
        Total...................................       9,939,816      12,517,187       8,515,285      10,309,589
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A fuller discussion of the costs and benefits of this rule is 
available in the rule's Regulatory Impact Analysis, which is part of 
this docket.
    Finally, any changes made to the rule subsequent to its submission 
to OMB are identified in the docket file, which is available for public 
inspection in the Regulations Division, Room 10276, Office of General 
Counsel, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th 
Street SW, Washington, DC 20410-0500.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements contained in this proposed 
rule have been approved by the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 
1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520) and assigned OMB control number 2502-0253. 
HUD expects to make changes to the existing recordkeeping items 
consistent with changes in this proposed rule and believes that the 
changes will result in a decrease of burden. In accordance with the 
Paperwork Reduction Act, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a 
person is not required to respond to, a collection of information 
unless the collection displays a valid control number.
    The burden of information collection addressed in this proposed 
rule is estimated as follows for those aspects that would continue to 
require AC requests and does not include burdens for past AC requests 
related to carport-ready homes, garage-ready homes, homes that exceed 
2,571 square feet (whole house ventilation), and two-story homes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Number of     Frequency of    Responses per   Burden hours    Annual burden    Hourly cost
         Information collection             respondents      response          annum       per response        hours       per response     Annual cost
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturers Records:
    Sec.   3282.14 Alternative                       135            0.75             101             2.5             253          $33.57       $8,493.21
     Construction Submissions...........
IPIA Records:
    Sec.   3282.14 Alternative                        12              14             168             2.0             336           33.57       11,279.52
     Construction Submission Concurrence
     Records and Reporting..............
DAPIA Records:
    Sec.   3282.203/361/364 Design                     6              28             168             1.0             168           33.57        5,639.76
     Review Records and Reporting.......
                                         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total...........................             153  ..............             569  ..............             757  ..............       25,412.49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In accordance with 5 CFR 1320.8(d)(1), HUD is soliciting comments 
from members of the public and affected agencies concerning the 
information collection requirements in the proposed rule regarding:
    (1) Whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for 
the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including 
whether the information will have practical utility;
    (2) The accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the 
proposed collection of information;
    (3) Whether the proposed collection of information enhances the 
quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and
    (4) Whether the proposed information collection minimizes the 
burden of the collection of information on those who are to respond; 
including through the use of appropriate automated collection 
techniques or other forms of information technology (e.g., permitting 
electronic submission of responses).
    Interested persons are invited to submit comments regarding the 
information collection requirements in this rule. Under the provisions 
of 5 CFR part 1320, OMB is required to decide concerning this 
collection of information between 30 and 60 days after the publication 
date. Therefore, a comment on the information collection requirements 
is best assured of having its full effect if OMB receives the comment 
within 30 days of the publication. This time frame does not affect the 
deadline for comments to the agency on the proposed rule, however. 
Comments must refer to the proposed rule by name and docket number (FR-
6149-P-01) and must be sent to:

HUD Desk Officer, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive 
Office Building, Washington, DC 20503, Fax number: 202-395-6947

and

Colette Pollard, HUD Reports Liaison Officer, Department of Housing 
and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW, Room 2204, Washington, DC 
20410
    Interested persons may submit comments regarding the information 
collection requirements electronically through the Federal eRulemaking 
Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. HUD strongly encourages 
commenters to submit comments electronically. Electronic submission of 
comments allows the commenter maximum time to prepare and submit a 
comment, ensures

[[Page 5598]]

timely receipt by HUD, and enables HUD to make them immediately 
available to the public. Comments submitted electronically through the 
https://www.regulations.gov website can be viewed by other commenters 
and interested members of the public. Commenters should follow the 
instructions provided on that site to submit comments electronically.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1531-1538) establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. This rule will not impose any 
Federal mandates on any state, local, or tribal government or the 
private sector within the meaning of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
of 1995.

Environmental Review

    A Finding of No Significant Impact with respect to the environment 
has been made in accordance with HUD regulations at 24 CFR part 50, 
which implement section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy 
Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)). The Finding of No Significant 
Impact is available for public inspection between the hours of 8 a.m. 
and 5 p.m. weekdays in the Regulations Division, Office of General 
Counsel, Room 10276, Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 
Seventh Street SW, Washington, DC 20410-0500. The Finding of No 
Significant Impact will also be available for review in the docket for 
this rule on Regulations.gov.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
generally requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility 
analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking 
requirements, unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
It is HUD's position that this proposed rule would not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
This proposed rule would regulate establishments primarily engaged in 
making manufactured homes (NAICS 32991). The U.S. Small Business 
Administration's size standards define an establishment primarily 
engaged in making manufactured homes as small if it does not exceed 
1,250 employees. Of the 222 firms included under this NAICS definition, 
approximately 35 produce manufactured homes subject to HUD's 
Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards. Other entities 
covered by this NAICS code build non-HUD code prefabricated buildings. 
Of the 35 manufacturers subject to HUD's Manufactured Housing 
Construction and Safety Standards, 31 are considered to be small 
businesses based on the threshold of 1,250 employees or less. The 
proposed rule will apply to all the manufacturers and thus would affect 
a substantial number of small entities.
    Small entities have the ability and capability to offer the same 
type of housing products with the same or similar options, features and 
appliances as larger manufacturers. However, smaller manufacturers have 
more difficulty spreading regulatory costs over the higher production 
of homes like that of a large, higher producing manufacturer. Small 
manufacturers would need to bear the costs, reducing profit margins 
accordingly or passing-through the costs over lower production amounts. 
This may disproportionally increase the cost of housing products for 
small manufacturers considering the same or similar options, features 
and appliances. This rule, however, would provide small manufacturers 
greater flexibility to pursue design options and, more importantly, 
obtain cost savings resulting from the elimination of the need to 
obtain HUD approval through the AC process (see Sec.  3282.14). More 
specifically, small manufacturers are more likely to engage engineering 
consultants and other non-staff resources in order to provide data and 
information needed for the AC process. Consequently, small 
manufacturers would benefit most from the provisions of this rule that 
eliminate the AC process for design and construction of manufactured 
homes that incorporate innovations that have not yet been codified in 
HUD's Construction and Safety Standards. Additionally, the elimination 
of these current regulatory costs may provide small manufacturers the 
opportunity to pursue design and construction innovations that absent 
the rule would have been too costly to pursue.
    For the reasons stated, a substantial number of small manufacturers 
with fewer than 1,250 employees will be affected by this rule. 
Nevertheless, HUD anticipates that the rule, if adopted, would not have 
a significant economic impact on them. Accordingly, the undersigned 
certifies that this rule would not have a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities.
    Notwithstanding HUD's determination that this rule would not have a 
significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities, 
HUD specifically invites comments on its Regulatory Impact Analysis, 
this certification, and on any less burdensome alternatives to this 
rule that will meet HUDs objectives as described in this preamble.

Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits, to the 
extent practicable and permitted by law, an agency from promulgating a 
regulation that has federalism implications and either imposes 
substantial direct compliance costs on state and local governments and 
is not required by statute, or preempts state law, unless the relevant 
requirements of section 6 of the Executive order are met. This rule 
does not have federalism implications and does not impose substantial 
direct compliance costs on state and local governments or preempt state 
law within the meaning of the Executive order.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

    The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance number for Manufactured 
Housing Construction and Safety Standards is 14.171.

List of Subjects

24 CFR Part 3280

    Fire prevention, Housing standards, Incorporation by reference.

24 CFR Part 3282

    Administrative practice and procedure, Consumer protection, 
Intergovernmental relations, Investigations, Manufactured homes, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

24 CFR Part 3285

    Housing standards, Manufactured homes.

    Accordingly, for the reasons described in the preamble, HUD 
proposes to amend 24 CFR parts 3280, 3282, and 3285 to read as follows:

PART 3280--MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS

0
1. The authority citation for part 3280 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, and 5424.

0
2. In Sec.  3280.2, add in alphabetical order a definition for 
``Attached accessory building or structure'' to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.2  Definitions.

* * * * *

[[Page 5599]]

    Attached accessory building or structure means any awning, cabana, 
deck, ramada, storage cabinet, carport, fence, windbreak, garage or 
porch for which the attachment of such is designed by the home 
manufacturer to be structurally supported by the basic manufactured 
home.
* * * * *
0
3. Revise Sec.  3280.3 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.3  Manufactured home procedural and enforcement regulations, 
and consumer manual requirements.

    (a) A manufacturer must comply with the requirements of this part, 
part 3282 of this chapter, and 42 U.S.C. 5416.
    (b) Consumer manuals must be in accordance with Sec.  3282.207 of 
this chapter.
0
4. Amend Sec.  3280.4 as follows:
0
a. Add paragraph (m)(2);
0
b. Redesignate paragraphs (p)(27) through (33) as paragraphs (p)(28) 
through (34), respectively, and add new paragraph (p)(27);
0
c. Redesignate paragraphs (aa)(4)(xvi) through (xix) as paragraphs 
(aa)(4)(xvii) through (xx), respectively, and add new paragraph 
(aa)(4)(xvi); and
0
d. Add paragraphs (aa)(9) and (hh)(23).
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.4  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (2) ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2--2010 edition, Ventilation and Acceptable 
Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings, IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.103(d).
* * * * *
    (p) * * *
    (27) ASTM E 119--2005, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of 
Building Construction and Materials, IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.1003(a).
* * * * *
    (aa) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (xvi) Article 550.17, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.810(b).
* * * * *
    (9) NFPA 720, Standard for Installation of Carbon Monoxide 
Detection Equipment, 2015, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.211(a).
* * * * *
    (hh) * * *
    (23) ANSI/UL 2034--2008 edition, Single and Multiple Station Carbon 
Monoxide Alarms, IBR approved for Sec.  3280.211(a).
* * * * *
0
5. In Sec.  3280.5, redesignate paragraphs (d) through (h) as 
paragraphs (e) through (i), respectively, and add new paragraph (d) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.5  Data plate.

* * * * *
    (d) The applicable statement:
    This manufactured home IS NOT designed to accommodate the 
additional loads imposed by the attachment of an attached accessory 
building or structure.


Or

    This manufactured home IS designed to accommodate the additional 
loads imposed by the attachment of an attached accessory building or 
structure in accordance with the manufacturer installation 
instructions. The additional loads are in accordance with the design 
load(s) identified on this Data Plate.
* * * * *
0
6. In Sec.  3280.11, revise paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.11  Certification label.

* * * * *
    (d) The label must be located at the taillight end of each 
transportable section of the manufactured home approximately 1 foot up 
from the floor and 1 foot in from the road side, or as near that 
location on a permanent part of the exterior of the manufactured home 
section as practicable. The road side is the right side of the 
manufactured home when one views the manufactured home from the tow bar 
end of the manufactured home. If locating the label on the taillight 
end of a transportable section will prevent the label from being 
visible after the manufactured home section is installed at the 
installation site, the label must be installed on a permanent part of 
the exterior of the manufactured home section, in a visible location as 
specified in the approved design.
0
7. In Sec.  3280.103, revise paragraph (b) introductory text and add 
paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.103  Light and ventilation.

* * * * *
    (b) Whole-house ventilation. Each manufactured home must be 
provided with whole-house ventilation having a minimum capacity of 
0.035 ft\3\/min/ft\2\ of interior floor space or its hourly average 
equivalent. This ventilation capacity must be in addition to any 
openable window area. In no case shall the installed ventilation 
capacity of the system be less than 50 cfm. The following criteria must 
be adhered to:
* * * * *
    (d) Optional ventilation provisions. As an option to complying with 
the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, ventilation 
systems complying with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2 --2010 edition, 
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential 
Buildings (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) may be used.
0
8. In Sec.  3280.108, add paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.108  Interior passage.

* * * * *
    (c) All interior swinging doors must have a minimum clear opening 
of 27 inches except doors to toilet compartments in single-section 
homes (see Sec.  3280.111(b)).
0
9. Revise Sec.  3280.111 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.111  Toilet compartments.

    (a) Each toilet compartment must be a minimum of 30 inches wide, 
except, when the toilet is located adjacent to the short dimension of 
the tub, the distance from the tub, to the center line of the toilet 
must not be less than 12 inches. At least 21 inches of clear space must 
be provided in front of each toilet.
    (b) All single-section bathroom passage doors must have a minimum 
clear opening width of 23 inches, and multi-section bathroom passage 
doors must have a minimum clear opening width of 27 inches.
0
10. In Sec.  3280.113, redesignate paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) as 
paragraphs (c), (d), and (e), respectively, and add new paragraph (b) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.113  Glass and glazed openings.

* * * * *
    (b) Glazed openings facing porch areas. Required glazed openings 
shall be permitted to face into a roofed porch where the porch abuts a 
street, yard, or court and the longer side of the porch is at least 65 
percent open and unobstructed and the ceiling height is not less than 7 
feet.
* * * * *
0
11. Add Sec.  3280.114 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.114  Stairways.

    (a) Stairways--(1) Width. Stairways must not be less than 36 inches 
in clear width at all points above permitted handrail height and below 
the required headroom height. Handrails must not project more than 4\1/
2\ inches on either side of the stairway and the minimum clear width of 
the stairway at and below the handrail height, including treads and 
landings, must not be less than 31 \1/2\ inches where a handrail is 
installed on one side and 27 inches where handrails are provided on 
both sides. The width of spiral stairways shall be in accordance with 
paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
    (2) Stair treads and risers--(i) Riser height and tread depth. The 
maximum riser height must not exceed 7\3/4\ inches

[[Page 5600]]

and the minimum tread depth must not be less than 10 inches. The riser 
height must be measured vertically between leading edges of the 
adjacent treads. The tread depth must be measured horizontally between 
the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads and 
at a right angle to the tread's leading edge. The walking surface of 
treads and landings of a stairway must be sloped no steeper than one 
unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope). The greatest 
riser height within any flight of stairs must not exceed the smallest 
by more than % inch. The greatest tread depth within any flight of 
stairs must not exceed the smallest by more than % inch.
    (ii) Profile. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the 
tread must not be greater than \9/16\-inch. A nosing not less than \3/
4\-inch but not more than 1\1/4\ inches shall be provided on stairways 
with solid risers. The greatest nosing projection must not exceed the 
smallest nosing projection by more than % inch between two stories, 
including the nosing at the level of floors and landings. Beveling of 
nosing must not exceed \1/2\-inch. Risers must be vertical or sloped 
from the underside of the leading edge of the tread above at not more 
than 30 degrees from the vertical. Open risers are permitted, provided 
that the opening between treads does not permit the passage of a 4-inch 
diameter sphere. A nosing is not required where the tread depth is a 
minimum of 11 inches. The opening between adjacent treads is not 
limited on stairs with a total rise of 30 inches or less.
    (3) Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts of the stairway 
must not be less than 6 feet 8 inches, measured vertically from the 
sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing or from the floor surface of 
the landing or platform.
    (4) Winders (winding stairways). Winders are permitted, provided 
that the width of the tread at a point not more than 12 inches from the 
side where the treads are narrower is not less than 10 inches and the 
minimum width of any tread is not less than 6 inches. Within any flight 
of stairs, the greatest winder tread depth at the 12-inch walk line 
must not exceed the smallest by more than \3/8\ inch. The continuous 
handrail required by paragraph (c)(3) of this section must be located 
on the side where the tread is narrower.
    (5) Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways are permitted provided the 
minimum width is a minimum 26 inches with each tread having 7 Y2 inch 
minimum tread width at 12 inches from the narrow edge. All treads must 
be identical, and the rise must be no more than 9-Y2 inches. Minimum 
headroom of 6 feet, 6 inches must be provided.
    (6) Circular stairways. Circular stairways must have a tread depth 
at a point not more than 12 inches from the side where the treads are 
narrower of not less than 11 inches and the minimum depth of any tread 
must not be less than 6 inches. Tread depth at any walking line, 
measured a consistent distance from a side of the stairway, must be 
uniform as specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section.
    (b) Landings. Every landing must have a minimum dimension of 36 
inches measured in the direction of travel. Landings must be located as 
follows:
    (1) There must be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of each 
stairway, except at the top of an interior flight of basement stairs, 
provided a door does not swing over the stairs. The width of each 
landing must not be less than the stairway served.
    (2) A landing or floor must be located on each side of an interior 
doorway and the width of each landing must not be less than the door it 
serves. The maximum threshold height above the floor or landing must be 
\1/2\-inch provided that thresholds more than \1/4\-inch above the 
adjacent floor must be beveled with a slope not steeper than 1 in 2.
    (c) Handrails--(1) General. A minimum of one handrail meeting the 
requirements of this section must be installed on all stairways 
consisting of four or more risers. Handrails must be securely attached 
to structural framing members. A minimum space of 1\1/2\-inch must be 
provided between the adjoining wall surface and the handrail.
    (2) Handrail height. Handrails must be installed between 34 inches 
and 38 inches measured vertically from the leading edge of the stairway 
treads except that handrails installed up to 42 inches high must be 
permitted if serving as the upper rails of guards required by paragraph 
(d) of this section.
    (3) Continuity. Required handrails must be continuous from a point 
directly above the leading edge of the lowest stair tread to a point 
directly above the leading edge of the landing or floor surface at the 
top of the stairway. If the handrail is extended at the top of the 
stairway flight, the extension must parallel the floor or landing 
surface and must be at the same height as the handrail is above the 
leading edges of the treads. If the handrail is extended at the base of 
the stair, it must continue to slope parallel to the stair flight for a 
distance of one tread depth, measured horizontally, before being 
terminated or returned or extended horizontally. The ends of handrails 
must return into a wall or terminate in a safety terminal or newel 
post.
    (4) Graspability. Required handrails must, if circular in cross 
section, have a minimum 1\1/4\-inch and a maximum 2-inch diameter 
dimension. Handrails with a noncircular cross section must have a 
perimeter dimension of at least 4 inches and not more than 6\1/4\ 
inches (with a maximum cross-section dimension of not more than 2\1/4\ 
inches). The handgrip portion of the handrail must have a smooth 
surface. Edges must have a minimum \1/8\-inch radius. Handrails must be 
continuously graspable along their entire length except that brackets 
or balusters are not considered obstructions to graspability if they do 
not project horizontally beyond the sides of the handrail within 1\1/2\ 
inches of the bottom of the handrail.
    (5) Required resistance of handrails. Handrails must be designed to 
resist a load of 20 lb./ft applied in any direction at the top and to 
transfer this load through the supports to the structure. All handrails 
must be able to resist a single concentrated load of 200 lbs., applied 
in any direction at any point along the top, and have attachment 
devices and supporting structures to transfer this loading to 
appropriate structural elements of the building. This load is not 
required to be assumed to act concurrently with the loads specified in 
this section.
    (d) Guards. (1) Porches, balconies, or raised floor surfaces 
located more than 30 inches above the floor or grade below must have 
guards not less than 36 inches in height. Open sides of stairs with a 
total rise of more than 30 inches above the floor or grade below must 
have guards not less than 34 inches in height measured vertically from 
the nosing of the treads. Balconies and porches on the second floor or 
higher must have guards a minimum of 42 inches in height.
    (2) Required guards on open sides of stairways, raised floor areas, 
balconies, and porches must have intermediate rails or ornamental 
closures that do not allow passage of a sphere 4 inches in diameter. 
Required guards must not be constructed with horizontal rails or other 
ornamental pattern that result in a ladder effect.
    (i) The triangular openings formed by the riser, tread and bottom 
rail of a guard at the open side of the stairway must be permitted to 
be of such a size that a sphere of 6 inches cannot pass through.
    (ii) Guard systems must be designed to resist a load of 20 lb./ft 
applied in any direction at the top and to transfer this load through 
the supports to the structure. All guard systems must be

[[Page 5601]]

able to resist a single concentrated load of 200 lb., applied in any 
direction at any point along the top and have attachment devices and 
supporting structures to transfer this loading to appropriate 
structural elements of the building. This load is required to be 
assumed to act concurrently with the loads specified in this section.
    (e) Stairway illumination. All interior and exterior stairways must 
be provided with a means to illuminate the stairways, including the 
landings and treads.
    (1) Interior stairways must be provided with an artificial light 
source located in the immediate vicinity of each landing of the 
stairway. For interior stairs, the artificial light sources must be 
capable of illuminating treads and landings to levels not less than one 
(1) foot-candle measured at the center of treads and landings. The 
control and activation of the required interior stairway lighting must 
be accessible at the top and bottom of each stairway without traversing 
any steps.
    (2) Exterior stairways must be provided with an artificial light 
source located in the immediate vicinity of the top landing of the 
stairway. An artificial light source is not required at the top and 
bottom landing, provided an artificial light source is located directly 
over each stairway section. The illumination of exterior stairways must 
be controlled from inside the unit.
0
12. Add Sec.  3280.211 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.211  Carbon monoxide detector requirements.

    (a) Carbon monoxide alarm(s) or detector(s) must be installed in 
each home containing either a fuel burning appliance or designed by the 
home manufacturer to include an attached garage. Carbon monoxide 
alarm(s) or detector(s) must be installed accordance with the NFPA 720, 
Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide Detection Equipment, 
2015 edition (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and in 
accordance with the installation instructions that accompany the unit. 
Each carbon monoxide alarm(s) or detector(s) must be listed and conform 
to the requirements of Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide 
Alarms, ANSI/UL 2034-2008 edition (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
    (b) For each home designed to be placed over a basement, the 
manufacturer must provide a carbon monoxide alarm or detector for the 
basement and must install the electrical junction box for the 
installation of this carbon monoxide alarm or detector for its 
interconnection to other alarm(s) or detector(s) required by this 
section.
    (c) Each required carbon monoxide alarm or detector installed at 
the factory must be operationally tested, after conducting the 
dielectric test specified in Sec.  3280.810(a), in accordance with the 
alarm manufacturer's instructions. A carbon monoxide alarm or detector 
that does not function as designed during the test and is not 
satisfactorily repaired so that it functions properly in the next 
retest must be replaced. Any replacement carbon monoxide alarm or 
detector must be successfully tested in accordance with this section.
0
13. Add Sec.  3280.212 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.212  Factory constructed or site-built attached garages.

    (a) When a manufactured home is designed for factory construction 
with an attached garage or is designed for construction of an attached 
site-built garage, the manufacturer must design the manufactured home 
to accommodate all appropriate live and dead loads from the attached 
garage structure that will be transferred through the manufactured home 
structure to the home's support and anchoring systems.
    (b) The design must specify the following home and garage 
characteristics including maximum width, maximum sidewall height, 
maximum roof slope, live and dead loads, and other design limitations 
or restrictions.
    (c) When a manufactured home is factory constructed with an 
attached garage or is constructed for the attachment of a site-built 
garage, provisions must be made to provide fire separation between the 
garage and the manufactured home.
    (1) The garage must be separated from the manufactured home and its 
attic by not less than Y2 inch gypsum board applied to the garage side 
of the manufactured home and the separation must be continuous from the 
bottom of the floor to the underside of the roof deck. Garages beneath 
habitable rooms must be separated from all habitable rooms by \5/8\-
inch, Type X gypsum board. Where the separation is a floor ceiling 
assembly, the structure supporting the separation must also be 
protected by not less than Y2 inch gypsum board or equivalent. The 
design approval and the manufacturer's installation instructions must 
include provision for equivalent vertical separation between the garage 
and the space below the manufactured home floor system.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (d) Openings from a garage directly into a room designated for 
sleeping purposes are not permitted.
    (e) Other openings between the garage and the manufactured home 
must:
    (1) Equipped with solid wood doors not less than 1\3/8\ inch in 
thickness, or solid or honeycomb steel doors not less than 1\3/8\ inch 
in thickness, or 20-minute fire-rated doors, and all doors shall be of 
the self-closing type; and
    (2) Be in addition to the two exterior doors required by Sec.  
3280.105.
    (f) Ducts penetrating the walls or ceilings separating the 
manufactured home from the garage must be constructed of a minimum No. 
26 gauge steel or other approved material and must have no openings in 
the garage.
    (g) Installation instructions shall be provided by the home 
manufacturer which identifies acceptable attachment locations, 
indicates design limitations for the attachment of the garage including 
acceptable live and dead loads for which the home has been designed to 
accommodate, and provide support and anchorage designs as necessary to 
transfer all imposed loads to the ground in accordance with Sec. Sec.  
3285.201 and 3285.401 of this chapter.
0
14. Add Sec.  3280.213 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.213  Factory constructed or site-built attached carports.

    (a) When a manufactured home is designed for factory construction 
with an attached carport or is designed for construction of an attached 
site-built carport, the manufacturer must design the manufactured home 
to accommodate all appropriate live and dead loads from the attached 
carport structure that will be transferred through the manufactured 
home structure to the home's support and anchoring systems.
    (b) The design must specify the following home and carport 
characteristics including maximum width, maximum sidewall height, 
maximum roof slope, live and dead loads, and other design limitations 
or restrictions.
    (c) Homes may be designed with a factory-installed host beam (i.e., 
ledger board) or specific roof truss rail for the attachment of the 
carport to the exterior wall of the home. The host beam (i.e., ledger 
board) must be designed to transmit the appropriate live and dead loads 
at the interface between the carport and the manufactured home. In 
cases where the carport is designed to be supported by the roof truss 
rails, the roof trusses must be designed to support the additional live 
and dead loads from the carport.

[[Page 5602]]

    (1) All splices in the host beam (i.e., ledger board) shall occur 
over a stud or framing member designed for the splice. Each end of the 
host beam splice (i.e., ledger board) shall be securely fastened to the 
stud or framing (cripple) member or to blocking secured to the stud to 
allow for adequate fastening of each end of the splice.
    (2) Any portion of the host beam (i.e., ledger board) and all 
fasteners exposed to the weather shall be protected in accordance with 
Sec.  3280.307.
    (d) For homes designed for Wind Zones II or III, when a shear wall 
occurs within the length of the carport on the carport side of the 
home, shear wall and uplift strapping shall be designed to transfer all 
imposed loads from the shear wall and carport.
    (e) To ensure that the attachment of the carport does not interfere 
with roof or attic ventilation, the manufacturer must provide specific 
instructions to ensure continued compliance with the manufactured home 
roof or attic ventilation requirements in accordance with Sec.  
3280.504(d).
    (f) Installation instructions shall be provided by the home 
manufacturer which identifies acceptable attachment locations, 
indicates design limitations for the attachment of the carport 
including acceptable live and dead loads for which the home has been 
designed to accommodate, and provide support and anchorage designs as 
necessary to transfer all imposed loads to the ground in accordance 
with Sec. Sec.  3285.201 and 3285.401 of this chapter.
    (1) The manufacturer must ensure that any anchoring system designs 
incorporating anchorage to resist combined shear wall and carport 
uplift loads are evaluated for adequacy to resist the combined loads, 
taking into consideration the limitations of the ground anchor test and 
certification and/or cone of influence.
    (2) [Reserved]
0
15. Amend Sec.  3280.305 as follows:
0
a. Revise paragraph (a);
0
b. Add a sentence at the end of paragraph (e)(1);
0
c. Revise paragraph (g)(6); and
0
d. Add paragraph (h)(5).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.305  Structural design requirements.

    (a) General. Each manufactured home must be designed and 
constructed as a completely integrated structure capable of sustaining 
the design load requirements of this part and must be capable of 
transmitting these loads to stabilizing devices without exceeding the 
allowable stresses or deflections. Roof framing must be securely 
fastened to wall framing, walls to floor structure, and floor structure 
to chassis to secure and maintain continuity between the floor and 
chassis, so as to resist wind overturning, uplift, and sliding as 
imposed by design loads in this part. In multistory construction, each 
story must be securely fastened to the story above and/or below to 
provide continuity and resist design loads in this part. Uncompressed 
finished flooring greater than \1/8\ inch in thickness must not extend 
beneath load-bearing walls that are fastened to the floor structure.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) * * * In multistory construction, each story must be securely 
fastened to the story above and/or below to provide continuity and 
resist design loads in this section.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (6) Bottom board material (with or without patches) must meet or 
exceed the level of 48 inch-pounds of puncture resistance as tested by 
the Beach Puncture Test in accordance with Standard Test Methods for 
Puncture and Stiffness of Paperboard, and Corrugated and Solid 
Fiberboard, ASTM D781-1968 (Reapproved 1973) (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). The material must be suitable for patches 
and the patch life must be equivalent to the material life. Patch 
installation instruction must be included in the manufactured home 
manufacturer's instructions. The bottom board material must be tight 
fitted against all penetrations.
    (h) * * *
    (5) Portions of roof assemblies, including, but not limited to, 
dormers, gables, crickets, hinged roof sections, connections between 
sections, sheathing, roof coverings, underlayments, flashings, and 
eaves and overhangs are permitted to be assembled and installed on site 
in accordance with 24 CFR part 3282, subpart M, provided that the 
requirements in paragraphs (h)(5)(i) through (v) of this section are 
met.
    (i) Approved installation instructions must be provided that 
include requirements for the following items:
    (A) Materials, installation, and structural connections complying 
with this section;
    (B) Installation and fastening of sheathing and roof coverings;
    (C) Installation of appliance vent systems in accordance with Sec.  
3280.710;
    (D) Installation of plumbing vents as required by Sec.  3280.611; 
and
    (E) Installation of attic ventilation in accordance with Sec.  
3280.504(c).
    (ii) The installation instructions specified in paragraph (h)(5)(i) 
of this section must include drawings, details, and instructions as 
necessary to assure that the on-site work complies with the approved 
design.
    (iii) The installation instructions specified in paragraph 
(h)(5)(i) of this section must provide for inspection of the work at 
the installation site in stages that assure the inspection is performed 
before any work is concealed.
    (iv) Listed trusses must be provided as required by the approved 
design and installation instructions.
    (v) Temporary weather protection must be provided per Sec.  
3280.307(e).
* * * * *
0
16. In Sec.  3280.307, add paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.307  Resistance to elements and use.

* * * * *
    (e) Multi-section and attached manufactured homes (see subpart K of 
this part) are not required to comply with the factory installation of 
weather-resistant exterior finishes for those areas left open for field 
connection of the sections provided the following conditions are 
satisfied:
    (1) Temporary weather protection for exposed, unprotected 
construction is provided in accordance with methods to be included in 
the approved design.
    (2) Methods for on-site completion and finishing of these elements 
are included in the approved design.
    (3) Complete installation instructions for finishing these elements 
are provided.
0
17. In Sec.  3280.504, add paragraph (a)(3) and paragraph (b) 
introductory text to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.504  Condensation control and installation of vapor 
retarders.

    (a) * * *
    (3) In multi-story manufactured homes, the ceiling vapor retarder 
is permitted to be omitted when the story directly above is part of the 
same manufactured home.
    (b) Exterior walls. Exterior walls must be provided with a system 
or method to manage moisture and vapor accumulation with one of the 
elements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section. For purposes 
the requirement in this paragraph (b), the mating wall of each attached 
manufactured home must be considered to be an exterior wall.
* * * * *
0
18. Amend Sec.  3280.506 as follows:
0
a. Redesignate paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) as paragraphs (b), (c), and 
(d), respectively;
0
b. Designate the introductory text as paragraph (a);

[[Page 5603]]

0
c. In newly designated paragraph (a):
0
i. Remove ``of this subpart;''
0
ii. Remove ``figure 506'' and add ``figure 1 to this paragraph (a)'' in 
its place; and
0
iii. Add a heading for the figure.
0
d. In newly redesignated paragraph (b):
0
i. Remove the heading;
0
ii. Add a comma between ``ventilation'' and ``and;''
0
iii. Remove ``below'' and add ``in the table to this paragraph (b)'' in 
its place; and
0
iv. Add a heading for the table; and
0
e. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (c).
    The additions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.506  Heat loss/heat gain.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    Figure 1 to Paragraph (a)
    (b) * * *
    Table 1 to Paragraph (b)
* * * * *
    (c) To assure uniform heat transmission in manufactured homes, 
cavities in exterior walls, floors, and ceilings must be provided with 
thermal insulation. For insulation purposes, the mating wall of each 
single family attached manufactured home shall be considered an 
exterior wall (see subpart K of this part).
* * * * *
0
19. In Sec.  3280.602, add alphabetically the definition for ``Indirect 
waste receptor'' to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.602  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Indirect waste receptor means a receptor that receives a discharge 
pipe that is not directly connected to a receptor but maintains a 
suitable air gap from end of pipe to top of drain.
* * * * *
0
20. In Sec.  3280.608, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.608   Hangars and supports.

* * * * *
    (b) Piping supports. Piping must be secured at sufficiently close 
intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the 
pipe and contents. Unless otherwise stated in the standards 
incorporated by reference for specific materials at Sec.  3280.604(a), 
or unless specified by the pipe manufacturer, horizontal plastic 
drainage piping must be supported at intervals not to exceed 4 feet and 
horizontal plastic water piping must be supported at intervals not to 
exceed 3 feet. Vertical drainage and water piping must be supported at 
each story height.
* * * * *
0
21. In Sec.  3280.609, revise paragraph (c)(1)(iii) and add paragraph 
(c)(1)(iv) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.609  Water distribution systems.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) Relief valves must be provided with full-sized drains, with 
cross sectional areas equivalent to that of the relief valve outlet. 
The outlet of a pressure relief valve, temperature relief valve, or 
combination thereof, must not be directly connected to the drainage 
system. The discharge from the relief valve must be piped full size 
separately to the outside of the manufactured home, other than 
underneath the home, or to an indirect waste receptor located inside 
the manufactured home. Drain lines must be of a material listed for hot 
water distribution and must drain fully by gravity, must not be 
trapped, and must not have their outlets threaded, and the end of the 
drain must be visible for inspection.
    (iv) Relief valve piping designed to be located underneath the 
manufactured home is not required to be installed at the factory 
provided the manufacturer designs the system for site assembly and also 
provides all materials and components including piping, fittings, 
cement, supports, and instructions for proper site installation.
* * * * *
0
22. In Sec.  3280.610, revise paragraph (c)(5) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.610  Drainage systems.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) Preassembly of drain lines. Section(s) of the drain system, 
designed to be located underneath the manufactured home or between 
stories of the manufactured home, are not required to be factory 
installed when the manufacturer designs the system for site assembly 
and also provides all materials and components, including piping, 
fittings, cement, supports, and instructions necessary for proper site 
installation.
* * * * *
0
23. Amend Sec.  3280.611 as follows:
0
a. Remove the comma at the end of paragraph (c)(1)(i) and add a 
semicolon in its place; and
0
b. Revise paragraph (c)(1)(ii).
    The revision reads as follows:


Sec.  3280.611  Vents and venting.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) A 1\1/2\-inch diameter (min.) continuous vent or equivalent, 
indirectly connected to the toilet drain piping within the distance 
allowed in paragraph (c)(5) of this section for 3 inch trap arms 
through a 2-inch wet vented drain that carries the waste of not more 
than one fixture. Sections of the wet vented drain that are 3 inches in 
diameter are permitted to carry the waste of an unlimited number of 
fixtures; or
* * * * *
0
24. In Sec.  3280.612, revise paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.612  Tests and inspection.

    (a) Water system. All water piping in the water distribution system 
must be subjected to a pressure test. The test must be made by 
subjecting the system to air or water at 80 psi + or -5 psi for 15 
minutes without loss of pressure. The water used for the test must be 
obtained from a potable source of supply.
* * * * *
0
25. Amend Sec.  3280.705 as follows:
0
a. Revise paragraph (c)(1);
0
b. In paragraph (j), remove ``shall'' and add in its place ``must'' 
wherever it appears;
0
c. Revise paragraphs (k), (l)(7), and (l)(8)(i); and
0
d. Add paragraph (l)(8)(iii).
    The revisions and addition to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.705  Gas piping systems.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) All points of crossover beneath the transportable sections must 
be readily accessible from the exterior of the home. In multi-story 
manufactured homes, the interconnections between stories must be 
accessible through a panel on the exterior or interior of the 
manufactured home.
* * * * *
    (k) Identification of gas supply connections. Each manufactured 
home must have permanently affixed to the exterior skin at or near each 
gas supply connection or the end of the pipe, a tag of 3 inches by 1\3/
4\ inches minimum size, made of etched, metal-stamped or embossed 
brass, stainless steel, anodized or alcalde aluminum not less than 
0.020 inch thick, or other approved material [e.g., 0.005 inch plastic 
laminates], with the information shown in Figure 1 to this paragraph 
(k). The connector capacity indicated on this tag must be equal to or 
greater than the total Btuh rating of all intended gas appliances.

[[Page 5604]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP31JA20.013

    (l) * * *
    (7) Hangers and supports. All horizontal gas piping must be 
adequately supported by galvanized or equivalently protected metal 
straps or hangers at intervals of not more than 4 feet, except where 
adequate support and protection is provided by structural members. 
Vertical gas piping in multi-story dwelling units must be supported at 
intervals of not more than 6 feet. Solid iron-pipe connection(s) must 
be rigidly anchored to a structural member within 6 inches of the 
supply connection(s).
    (8) * * *
    (i) Before appliances are connected, piping systems must stand a 
pressure of three 0.2 psi gauge for a period of not less 
than ten minutes without showing any drop in pressure. Pressure must be 
measured with a mercury manometer or slope gauge calibrated so as to be 
read in increments of not greater than one-tenth pound, or an 
equivalent device. The source of normal operating pressure must be 
isolated before the pressure tests are made. Before a test is begun, 
the temperature of the ambient air and of the piping must be 
approximately the same, and constant air temperature must be maintained 
throughout the test.
* * * * *
    (iii) Where gas piping between transportable sections must be made 
by means of hard pipe installed on site, the installation instructions 
must contain provisions for onsite testing for leakage consistent with 
the provisions in paragraph (l)(8)(i) of this section.
0
26. In Sec.  3280.708, revise paragraph (a)(1) introductory text to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.708  Exhaust duct system and provisions for the future 
installation of a clothes dryer.

    (a) * * *
    (1) All gas and electric clothes dryers must be exhausted to the 
outside by a moisture/lint exhaust duct and termination fitting. When 
the manufacturer supplies the clothes dryer, the exhaust duct and 
termination fittings must be completely installed by the manufacturer. 
If the exhaust duct system is subject to damage during transportation, 
or a field connection between transportable sections is required, 
complete factory installation of the exhaust duct system is not 
required when the following apply:
* * * * *
0
27. In Sec.  3280.709, revise paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.709  Installation of appliances.

    (a) The installation of each appliance must conform to the terms of 
its listing and the manufacturer's instructions. The manufactured home 
manufacturer must leave the appliance manufacturer's instructions 
attached to the appliance. Every appliance must be secured in place to 
avoid displacement. For the purpose of servicing and replacement, each 
appliance must be both accessible and removable.
    (1) A direct vent space heating appliance is permitted to be 
shipped loose for on-site installation in a basement provided the 
following:
    (i) The heating appliance is listed for the installation.
    (ii) Approved installation instructions are provided that include 
requirements for completion of all gas and electrical connections and 
provide for inspection and/or testing of all connections.
    (iii) Approved instructions are provided to assure connection of 
the vent and combustion air systems in accordance with Sec.  
3280.710(b), and to provide for inspection of the systems for 
compliance.
    (iv) Approved installation and inspection procedures are provided 
for the connection of the site-installed heating appliance to the 
factory-installed circulation air system and return air systems.
    (2) The procedures must include revisions to assure compliance of 
the installed systems with Sec.  3280.715.
* * * * *
0
28. In Sec.  3280.710, revise paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.710   Venting, ventilation and combustion air.

* * * * *
    (d) Venting systems must terminate at least three feet above any 
motor-driven air intake discharging into habitable

[[Page 5605]]

areas when located within ten feet of the air intake.
* * * * *
0
29. In Sec.  3280.802, redesignate paragraphs (a)(4) through (41) as 
paragraphs (a)(5) through (42) and add new paragraph (a)(4) and 
reserved paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.802  Definitions.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (4) Attached accessory building or structure means any awning, 
cabana, deck, ramada, storage cabinet, carport, fence, windbreak, 
garage, or porch for which the attachment of such is designed by the 
home manufacturer to be structurally supported by the basic 
manufactured home.
* * * * *
0
30. In Sec.  3280.807, add paragraph (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.807  Fixtures and appliances.

* * * * *
    (g) In bathrooms, ceiling-mounted lighting fixtures and wall-
mounted lighting fixtures must not be controlled by the same switch.
0
31. In Sec.  3280.810, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.810   Electrical testing.

* * * * *
    (b) Additional testing. Each manufactured home must be subjected to 
the following tests:
    (1) An electrical continuity test to assure that metallic parts are 
effectively bonded;
    (2) An operational test of all devices and utilization equipment, 
except water heaters, electric ranges, electric furnaces, dishwashers, 
clothes washers/dryers, and portable appliances, to demonstrate they 
are connected and in working order; and
    (3) Electrical polarity checks to determine that connections have 
been made in accordance with applicable provisions of these standards 
and Article 550.17 of the National Electric Code, NFPA No. 70-2005 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Visual verification is 
an acceptable electrical polarity check.


Sec.  3280.902  [Amended]

0
32. In Sec.  3280.902(b), remove ``A frame'' and add in its place 
``rigid substructure''.
0
33. Revise Sec.  3280.903 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.903  General requirements for designing the structure to 
withstand transportation shock and vibration.

    (a) General. The manufactured home and its transportation system 
(as defined in Sec.  3280.902(f)) must withstand the effects of highway 
movement such that the home is capable of being transported safely and 
installed as a habitable structure. Structural, plumbing, mechanical, 
and electrical systems must be designed to function after set-up. The 
home must remain weather protected during the transportation sequence 
to prevent internal damage.
    (b) Testing or analysis requirements. Suitability of the 
transportation system and home structure to withstand the effects of 
transportation must be permitted to be determined by testing, or 
engineering analysis, or a combination of the two as required by 
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Road tests. Tests must be witnessed by an independent 
registered professional engineer or architect, or by a recognized 
testing organization. Such testing procedures must be part of the 
manufacturer's approved design.
    (2) Engineering analysis. Engineering analysis methods based on the 
principles of mechanics and/or structural engineering may be used to 
substantiate the adequacy of the transportation system to withstand in-
transit loading conditions. As transportation loadings are typically 
critical in the longitudinal direction, analysis should, in particular, 
provide emphasis on design of longitudinal structural components of the 
manufactured home (e.g. main chassis girder beams, sidewalls, and rim 
joists, etc.). Notwithstanding, all structural elements necessary to 
the structural integrity of the manufactured home during in-transit 
loading are also to be evaluated (e.g. transverse chassis members and 
floor framing members, etc.).
    (i)(A) The summation of the design loads in paragraphs 
(b)(2)(i)(A)(1) through (3) of this section may be used to determine 
the adequacy of the chassis in conjunction with the manufactured home 
structure to resist in-transit loading:
    (1) Dead load, the vertical load due to the weight of all 
structural and non-structural components of the manufactured home at 
the time of shipment.
    (2) Floor load, a minimum of 3 pounds per square foot.
    (3) Dynamic loading factor, (0.25)[(A) + (B)].
    (B) However, the in-transit design loading need not exceed twice 
the dead load of the manufactured home.
    (ii) To determine the adequacy of individual longitudinal 
structural components to resist the in-transit design loading, a load 
distribution based on the relative flexural rigidity and shear 
stiffness of each component may be utilized. For the purpose of loading 
distribution, the sidewall may be considered to be acting as a ``deep 
beam'' in conjunction with other load carrying elements in determining 
the relative stiffness of the integrated structure. Further, by proper 
pre-cambering of the chassis assembly, additional loading may be 
distributed to the chassis, and the remaining loading may be 
distributed to each of the load carrying members by the relative 
stiffness principle.
    (iii) The analysis is also to include consideration for:
    (A) Location of openings in the sidewall during transport and, when 
appropriate, provisions for reinforcement of the structure and/or 
chassis at the opening.
    (B) Sidewall component member sizing and joint-splice analysis 
(i.e. top and bottom plates, etc.), and connections between load 
carrying elements.
0
34. In Sec.  3280.904, revise paragraphs (a), (b)(1) through (6) and 
(8) through (10) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.904  Specific requirements for designing the transportations 
system.

    (a) General. The transportation system must be designed and 
constructed as an integrated unit which is safe and suitable for its 
specified use. In operation, the transportation system must effectively 
respond to the control of the towing vehicle tracking and braking, 
while traveling at applicable highway speeds and in normal highway 
traffic conditions.
    (b) Specific requirements--(1) Drawbar. The drawbar must be 
constructed of sufficient strength, rigidity, and durability to safely 
withstand those dynamic forces experienced during highway 
transportation. It must be securely fastened to the manufactured home 
substructure.
    (2) Coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism (which is usually of 
the socket type) must be securely fastened to the drawbar in such a 
manner as to assure safe and effective transfer of the maximum loads, 
including dynamic loads, between the manufactured home structure and 
the hitch-assembly of the towing vehicle. The coupling must be equipped 
with a manually operated mechanism so adapted as to prevent 
disengagement of the unit while in operation. The coupling must be so 
designed that it can be disconnected regardless of the angle of the 
manufactured home to the towing vehicle.

[[Page 5606]]

    (3) Chassis. The chassis, in conjunction with the manufactured home 
structure, must be constructed to effectively sustain the design loads. 
The integrated structure must be capable of ensuring the integrity of 
the complete manufactured home and to insure against excessive 
deformation of structural or finish members.
    (4) Running gear assembly--(i) Design criteria. The design load 
used to size running gear components must be the gross dead weight 
minus the static tongue weight supported by the drawbar. Running gear 
must be designed to accept shock and vibration, both from the highway 
and the towing vehicle and effectively dampen these forces so as to 
protect the manufactured home structure from damage and fatigue. Its 
components must be designed to facilitate routine maintenance, 
inspection, and replacement.
    (ii) Location. Location of the running gear assembly must be 
determined by documented engineering analysis, taking into account the 
gross weight (including all contents), total length of the manufactured 
home, the necessary coupling hitch weight, span distance, and turning 
radius. The coupling weight must be not less than 12 percent nor more 
than 25 percent of the gross weight.
    (5) Spring assemblies. Spring assemblies (springs, hangers, 
shackles, bushings, and mounting bolts) must be capable of supporting 
the running gear design loads, without exceeding maximum allowable 
stresses for design spring assembly life as recommended by the spring 
assembly manufacturer. The capacity of the spring system must assure, 
that under maximum operating load conditions, sufficient clearance is 
maintained between the tire and manufactured home's frame or structure 
to permit unimpeded wheel movement and for changing tires.
    (6) Axles. Axles, and their connecting hardware, must be capable of 
supporting the running gear design loads, without exceeding maximum 
allowable design axle loads as recommended by the axle manufacturer. 
The number and load capacity necessary to provide a safe tow must not 
be less than those required to support the design load.
    (i) Recycled axles. Before reuse, all axles, including all 
component parts, must be reconditioned as required pursuant to a 
program accepted by a nationally recognized testing agency. The 
recycling program must be approved and the axles must be labeled by a 
nationally recognized testing agency. Recycled axles and their 
components must utilize compatible components and be of the same size 
and rating as the original equipment.
    (ii) [Reserved]
* * * * *
    (8) Tires, wheels, and rims. Tires, wheels, and rims must be 
selected, sized, and fitted to axles so that static dead load supported 
by the running gear does not exceed the load capacity of the tires. 
Tires must not be loaded beyond the load rating marked on the sidewall 
of the tire or, in the absence of such a marking, the load rating 
specified in any of the publications of any of the organizations listed 
in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 119 in 49 CFR 
571.119, S5.1(b). Wheels and rims must be sized in accordance with the 
tire manufacturer's recommendations as suitable for use with the tires 
selected.
    (i) Inflation pressure. The load and cold inflation pressure 
imposed on the rim or wheel must not exceed the rim and wheel 
manufacturer's instructions even if the tire has been approved for a 
higher load or inflation. Tire cold inflation pressure limitations and 
the inflation pressure measurement correction for heat must be as 
specified in 49 CFR 393.75(h).
    (ii) Used tires. Whenever the tread depth is at least 1/16 inch as 
determined by a tread wear indicator, used tires are permitted to be 
sized in accordance with 49 CFR 571.119. The determination as to 
whether a used tire is acceptable must also include a visual inspection 
for thermal and structural defects (e.g., dry rotting, excessive tire 
sidewall splitting, etc.). Used tires with such structural defects must 
not be installed on manufactured homes.
    (9) Brake assemblies--(i) Braking axles. The number, type, size, 
and design of brake assemblies required to assist the towing vehicle in 
providing effective control and stopping of the manufactured home must 
be determined and documented by engineering analysis. Those 
alternatives listed in Sec.  3280.903(c) may be accepted in place of 
such an analysis. Unless substantiated in the design to the 
satisfaction of the approval agency by either engineering analysis in 
accordance with Sec.  3280.903(a)(1) or tests in accordance with 
paragraph (b)(9)(ii) of this section, there must be a minimum of two 
axles equipped with brake assemblies on each manufactured home 
transportable section.
    (ii) Stopping distance. Brakes on the towing vehicle and the 
manufactured home (a drive-away/tow-away) must be capable of assuring 
that the maximum stopping distance from an initial speed of 20 miles 
per hour does not exceed 35 feet in accordance with U.S. Department of 
Transportation regulations.
    (iii) Electrical brake wiring. Brake wiring must be installed to 
provide sufficient operating voltage for each brake. The voltage 
available at the brakes must not be less than the value specified in 
the brake manufacturer's instructions. Aluminum wire, when used, must 
be provided with suitable termination that is protected against 
corrosion.
    (10) Lamps and associated wiring. Stop lamps, turn signal/lamps, 
and associated wiring must meet the appropriate sections of FMVSS No. 
108 in 49 CFR 571.108, which specify the performance and location of 
these lamps and their wiring. The manufacturer may meet these 
requirements by utilizing a temporary light/wiring harness, which has 
components that meet the FMVSS No. 108. The temporary harness is 
permitted to be provided by the manufactured home transportation 
carrier.
0
35. Add subpart K to read as follows:

Subpart K--Attached Manufactured Homes and Special Construction 
Considerations

Sec.
3280.1001 Scope.
3280.1002 Definitions.
3280.1003 Attached manufactured home unit separation.
3280.1004 Exterior walls.
3280.1005 Electrical service.
3280.1006 Water service.


Sec.  3280.1001  Scope.

    This subpart covers the requirements for attached manufactured 
homes and other related construction associated with manufactured homes 
not addressed elsewhere within this part.


Sec.  3280.1002  Definitions.

    The following definitions are applicable to this subpart only
    Attached manufactured home. Two or more adjacent manufactured homes 
that are structurally independent from foundation to roof and with open 
space on at least two sides, but which have the appearance of a 
physical connection (i.e. zero lot line).
    Fire separation wall. A wall of an attached manufactured home which 
is structurally independent of a wall of another attached manufactured 
home with a fire separation distance of less than three feet.


Sec.  3280.1003  Attached manufactured home unit separation.

    (a) Separation requirements. Attached manufactured homes must be 
separated from each other by a fire separation wall

[[Page 5607]]

of not less than 1-hour fire-resistive rating with exposure from both 
sides on each attached manufactured home unit when rated based on tests 
in accordance with ASTM E119-2005, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests 
of Building Construction and Materials (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4). Fire resistance rated fire separation wall assemblies 
must extend from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing.
    (b) Fire separation penetrations. (1) Fire rated fire separation 
walls must not contain through penetrations or openings.
    (2) Membrane penetrations for electrical boxes are permitted under 
the following conditions:
    (i) Steel electrical boxes not exceeding 16 square inches may be 
installed provided that the total area of such boxes does not exceed 
100 square inches. Steel electrical boxes in adjacent fire separation 
walls must be separated by a horizontal distance of not less than 24 
inches.
    (ii) Listed 2-hour fire-resistant nonmetallic electrical boxes are 
installed in accordance with the listings.
    (iii) No other membrane penetrations are allowed.
    (c) Continuity of walls. The fire separation walls for single-
family attached dwelling units must be continuous from the foundation 
to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck, or slab and must extend 
the full length of the fire separation walls.
    (d) Parapets. (1) Parapets constructed in accordance with paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section must be provided for attached manufactured homes 
as an extension of fire separation walls in accordance with the 
following:
    (i) Where roof surfaces adjacent to the fire separation walls are 
at the same elevation, the parapet must extend not less than 30 inches 
above the roof surfaces.
    (ii) Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at 
different elevations and the higher roof is not more than 30 inches 
above the lower roof surface, the parapet must not extend less than 30 
inches above the lower roof surface.
    (A) Parapets must be provided unless roofs are of a Class C roof 
covering and the roof decking or sheathing is of noncombustible 
materials or approved fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance of 
four feet on each side of the common fire separation walls; or one 
layer of \5/8\ inch Type X gypsum board is installed directly beneath 
the roof decking or sheathing for a distance of four feet on each side 
of the fire separation walls.
    (B) A parapet must not be required where roof surfaces adjacent to 
the common walls are at different elevations and the higher roof is 
more than 30 inches above the lower roof. The fire separation wall 
construction from the lower roof to the underside of the higher roof 
deck must not have less than a 1-hour fire-resistive rating. The wall 
must be rated for exposure from both sides.
    (2) Parapets must have the same fire resistance rating as that 
required for the supporting wall or walls. On any side adjacent to a 
roof surface, the parapet must have noncombustible faces for the 
uppermost 18 inches, to include counter flashing and coping materials. 
Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at slopes greater than 2/12 
(16.7 percent slope), the parapet must extend to the same height as any 
portion of the roof within a distance of three feet, but in no case 
will the height be less than 30 inches.


Sec.  3280.1004  Exterior walls.

    (a) The requirements of Sec.  3280.504 for condensation control and 
vapor retarder installation are required to be provided on each fire 
separation wall of each attached manufactured home.
    (b) The requirements of Sec.  3280.506 for heat loss/gain 
insulation apply to the fire separation wall on each attached 
manufactured home.


Sec.  3280.1005  Electrical service.

    (a) Each attached manufactured home must be supplied by only one 
service.
    (b) Service conductors supplying one manufactured home must not 
pass through the interior of another manufactured home.


Sec.  3280.1006  Water service.

    (a) Each manufactured home must have an individual water supply 
that will service only that unit.
    (b) Each manufactured home must have a hot water supply system that 
will service only that unit.

PART 3282--MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS

0
36. The authority citation for part 3282 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 28 U.S.C. 2461 note; 42 U.S.C. 3535(d); 42 U.S.C. 
5424.

0
37. In Sec.  3282.7, redesignate paragraphs (d) through (nn) as (e) 
through (oo) and add new paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.7  Definitions.

* * * * *
    (d) Attached accessory building or structure means any awning, 
cabana, deck, ramada, storage cabinet, carport, fence, windbreak, 
garage, or porch for which the attachment of such is designed by the 
home manufacturer to be structurally supported by the basic 
manufactured home.
* * * * *
0
38. In Sec.  3282.8, revise paragraph (j) to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.8   Applicability.

* * * * *
    (j) Add-on. An add-on including an attached accessory building or 
structure added by the retailer or some party other than the 
manufacturer (except where the manufacturer acts as a retailer) as part 
of a simultaneous transaction involving the sale of a new manufactured 
home, is not governed by the standards and is not subject to the 
regulations in this part except as identified in this section and part 
3280 of this chapter. The addition of any add-on or attached accessory 
building or structure must not affect the ability of the basic 
manufactured home to comply with the standards. If the addition of an 
add-on or attached accessory building or structure causes the basic 
manufactured home to fail to conform to the standards, then sale, 
lease, and offer for sale or lease of the home are prohibited until the 
manufactured home is brought into conformance with the standards.
    (1) Add-ons including an attached accessory building or structure 
must be structurally independent. Attachment is for weatherproofing and 
cosmetic purposes only.
    (2) If an attached accessory building or structure is not 
structurally independent all the following must be met for attachment 
to the manufactured home:
    (i) Manufactured home must be designed and constructed to 
accommodate all imposed loads, including any loads imposed on the home 
by the attached accessory building or structure, in accordance with 
part 3280 of this chapter.
    (ii) Data plate must indicate that home has been designed to 
accommodate the additional loads imposed by the attachment of the 
attached accessory buildings or structures and must identify the design 
loads.
    (iii) Installation instructions shall be provided by the home 
manufacturer which identifies acceptable attachment locations, 
indicates design limitations for the attached accessory building or 
structure including acceptable live and dead loads for which the home 
has been designed to accommodate and provide support and anchorage 
designs as necessary to transfer all imposed loads

[[Page 5608]]

to the ground in accordance with part 3285 of this chapter.
* * * * *
0
39. In Sec.  3282.14, revise paragraph (a) introductory text to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3282.14   Alternative construction of manufactured homes.

    (a) Policy. In order to promote the purposes of the Act, the 
Department will permit the sale or lease of one or more manufactured 
homes not in compliance with the standards under circumstances wherein 
no affirmative action is needed to protect the public interest. An add-
on, including an attached accessory building or structure which does 
not affect the performance and ability of the basic manufactured home 
to comply with the standards in accordance with Sec.  3282.8(j), is not 
governed by this section. The Department encourages innovation and the 
use of new technology in manufactured homes. Accordingly, HUD will 
permit manufacturers to utilize new designs or techniques not in 
compliance with the standards in cases:
* * * * *
0
40. In Sec.  3282.601, add paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.601  Purpose and applicability.

* * * * *
    (c) Exception. An add-on or attached accessory building or 
structure which does not affect the performance and ability of the 
basic manufactured home to comply with the standards in accordance with 
Sec.  3282.8(j) is not governed by this section.
0
41. In Sec.  3282.602, revise paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.602  Construction qualifying for on-site completion.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Any work required by the home design that cannot be completed 
in the factory, or when the manufacturer authorizes the retailer to 
provide an add-on to the home during installation, when that work would 
take the home out of conformance with the construction and safety 
standards and then bring it back into conformance;
* * * * *

PART 3285--MODEL MANUFACTURED HOME INSTALLATION STANDARDS

0
42. The authority citation for part 3285 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, 5404, and 5424.

0
43. In Sec.  3285.5, add alphabetically the definition for ``Attached 
accessory building or structure'' to read as follows:


Sec.  3285.5  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Attached accessory building or structure means any awning, cabana, 
deck, ramada, storage cabinet, carport, fence, windbreak, garage, or 
porch for which attachment of such is designed by the home manufacturer 
to be structurally supported by the basic manufactured home.
* * * * *
0
44. In Sec.  3285.903, revise paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3285.903  Permits, alterations, and on-site structures.

* * * * *
    (c) Installation of an add-on or attached accessory building or 
structure. Each attached accessory building or structure or add-on is 
designed to support all of its own live and dead loads, unless the 
attached accessory building or structure is otherwise included in the 
installation instructions or designed by a registered professional 
engineer or registered architect in accordance with this part.

    Dated: January 23, 2020.
Brian D. Montgomery,
Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner.
[FR Doc. 2020-01473 Filed 1-30-20; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4210-67-P