Pipeline Safety: Enhanced Emergency Order Procedures, 52015-52029 [2019-20308]

Agencies

• Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
• DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 190 (Tuesday, October 1, 2019)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 52015-52029]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-20308]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

49 CFR Part 190

[Docket No. PHMSA-2016-0091; Amdt. No. 190-21]
RIN 2137-AF26


Pipeline Safety: Enhanced Emergency Order Procedures

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), 
DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: On October 14, 2016, PHMSA published an interim final rule 
(IFR) issuing temporary emergency order procedures and requesting 
public comment. This final rule adopts, with modifications, that IFR 
implementing the emergency order authority conferred on the Secretary 
of Transportation (the Secretary) by the ``Protecting our 
Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016'' (PIPES 
Act). These regulations establish procedures for the issuance of 
emergency orders to address an unsafe condition or practice, or a 
combination of unsafe conditions or practices, that constitute or cause 
an imminent hazard to public health and safety or the environment. The 
regulations describe the duration and scope of such orders and provide 
a mechanism by which pipeline owners and operators subject to, and 
aggrieved by, emergency orders can seek administrative or judicial 
review.

DATES: This final rule is effective December 2, 2019.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  James M. Pates, Assistant Chief 
Counsel for Pipeline Safety, PHMSA, by telephone at (202) 366-0331 or 
by mail at U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous 
Materials Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, 
DC 20590-0001.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Executive Summary

A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action

    Section 16 of the PIPES Act (section 16) adds to 49 U.S.C. 60117(o) 
by establishing a new emergency order authority for the Secretary \1\ 
in the area of pipeline safety. In section 16, Congress directed PHMSA 
to develop procedures for the issuance of emergency orders to address 
unsafe conditions or practices that constitute or cause an imminent 
hazard. This new authority augments PHMSA's existing authority (e.g., 
corrective action orders, safety orders) to address hazardous 
conditions and pipeline integrity risks by allowing PHMSA to act 
quickly to address imminent safety hazards that exist across a group of 
pipeline owners and operators. As required by section 16, on October 
14, 2016, PHMSA issued an IFR establishing procedures for the issuance 
of emergency orders to address unsafe conditions or practices, or a 
combination of unsafe conditions or practices, that constitute or are 
causing an imminent hazard. Further, the PIPES Act mandated that PHMSA 
issue final regulations carrying out section 16 no later than 270 days 
following enactment of the PIPES Act.
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    \1\ The Secretary has delegated the responsibility to exercise 
the authority vested in chapter 601 of title 49, U.S.C. to the PHMSA 
Administrator. See 49 CFR 1.97(a).

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[[Page 52016]]

B. Summary of the Major Provisions of the Regulatory Action

    Pursuant to section 16, this final rule amends the Federal pipeline 
safety regulations by establishing procedures to implement the expanded 
emergency order enforcement authority set forth in the IFR. These 
procedures will apply only when PHMSA determines that an unsafe 
condition or practice constitutes or is causing an imminent hazard. 
PHMSA may issue an emergency order without advance notice or 
opportunity for a hearing. Additionally, PHMSA may impose emergency 
restrictions, prohibitions, or other safety measures on owners and 
operators of gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, but only to 
the extent necessary to abate the imminent hazard. Based on comments 
received from industry and the public, several provisions in the IFR 
have been modified or clarified by this final rule.

C. Cost and Benefit

    By implementing this statutory mandate, PHMSA will enhance its 
existing enforcement authority to respond immediately to conditions or 
practices that exist in the pipeline industry or a subset thereof. This 
final rule solely affects agency enforcement procedures to implement 
the emergency order provisions of the law; therefore, this rulemaking 
results in no additional burden or compliance costs to industry.

II. Background

A. Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act 
of 2016

    On June 22, 2016, the President signed the PIPES Act (Pub. L. 114-
183, 130 Stat. 514), which amended the Pipeline Safety Laws in chapter 
601 of title 49, United States Code. Congress enacted section 16 to 
permit PHMSA to address conditions or practices that extend beyond or 
affect more than a single pipeline owner or operator, and which must be 
addressed immediately to protect life, property, or the environment. 
Section 60117(o) authorizes PHMSA to issue an emergency order if it 
determines that an unsafe condition or practice, or a combination of 
unsafe conditions and practices, constitutes or is causing an imminent 
hazard. Under this section, an emergency order may impose emergency 
restrictions, prohibitions, or other safety measures on owners and 
operators of gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, without prior 
notice or an opportunity for a hearing, but only to the extent 
necessary to abate the imminent hazard. This regulatory authority 
allows PHMSA to impose conditions on a group of pipeline owners and 
operators, facilities, or systems, in accordance with the statutorily-
mandated procedures outlined in the PIPES Act and this final rule.

B. Current Authorities: Corrective Action Orders and Safety Orders

1. Corrective Action Orders
    Section 60112 of title 49 provides for the issuance of a corrective 
action order (CAO) to the owner or operator of a pipeline facility if 
the agency finds that operation of a pipeline facility is or would be 
hazardous to life, property, or the environment. Prior to issuing a 
CAO, the Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety (the Associate 
Administrator) must consider the following factors, if relevant:
    (a) The characteristics of the pipe and other equipment used in the 
pipeline facility involved, including its age, manufacturer, physical 
properties (including its resistance to corrosion and deterioration), 
and the method of its manufacture, construction or assembly;
    (b) The nature of the materials transported by such facility 
(including their corrosive and deteriorative qualities), the sequence 
in which such materials are transported, and the pressure required for 
such transportation;
    (c) The characteristics of the geographical areas in which the 
pipeline facility is located, in particular the climatic and geologic 
conditions (including soil characteristics) associated with such areas, 
and the population density and population and growth patterns of such 
areas;
    (d) Any recommendation of the National Transportation Safety Board 
(NTSB) issued in conjunction with any investigations conducted by the 
NTSB; and
    (e) Such other factors as the Associate Administrator may consider 
appropriate.
    After weighing these factors and finding that a particular facility 
is or would be hazardous to life, property, or the environment, the 
Associate Administrator may order the suspended or restricted use of a 
pipeline facility, physical inspection, testing, repair, replacement, 
or other appropriate action. Furthermore, if the Associate 
Administrator determines that the failure to issue the order 
expeditiously would result in the likelihood of serious harm to life, 
property, or the environment, the CAO may be issued without prior 
notice and an opportunity for a hearing. In such cases, the affected 
owner or operator must be provided with the opportunity for a hearing 
and ``expedited review'' as soon as practicable following issuance of 
the CAO. Historically, PHMSA has used CAOs to address a single owner, 
operator, or pipeline facility.
2. Safety Orders
    Similarly, section 60117 provides for the issuance of a notice of 
proposed safety order (NOPSO) to the owner or operator of a pipeline 
facility where the agency finds that a particular pipeline facility has 
a condition or conditions that pose an integrity risk to public safety, 
property, or the environment that may not require immediate corrective 
action but needs to be addressed over time. The NOPSO proposes specific 
measures that an operator must take to address the identified risk, 
which may include physical inspections, testing, repairs, or other 
appropriate actions to remedy the identified risk or condition. A NOPSO 
addresses pipeline integrity risks that may require the owner or 
operator to take immediate corrective actions or risks that must be 
addressed over a longer period. Historically, these orders have 
likewise been issued to a single owner, operator, or pipeline facility 
and are not intended to address imminent safety or environmental 
hazards.

C. Hazardous Materials Emergency Order Authority

    In addition to its authorities granted under chapter 601, title 49 
of the United States Code, PHMSA conducts a separate regulatory program 
governing the transportation of hazardous materials by means other than 
pipelines (e.g., rail, air). Under the statute governing the safe 
transportation of hazardous materials, 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, as amended 
by the Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety and Security 
Reauthorization Act of 2005 (HMTSSRA; Pub. L. 109-59; August 10, 2005), 
expanded the Secretary's inspection authority for hazardous materials 
transportation, as well as investigation and enforcement authority. 
Prior to the enactment of HMTSSRA, DOT could only obtain relief against 
a hazardous-materials safety violation posing an imminent hazard 
through a court order. After finding such a threat, the applicable DOT 
operating administration (e.g., Federal Railroad Administration, PHMSA) 
was required to enlist the Department of Justice to file a civil action 
against the offending party and seek a restraining order or preliminary 
injunction. As a practical matter, judicial relief could rarely be 
obtained

[[Page 52017]]

before the hazardous materials transportation had been completed.
    On March 2, 2011, PHMSA published a final rule, titled ``Hazardous 
Materials: Enhanced Enforcement Authority Procedures,'' (76 FR 11570), 
to remedy this problem. The hazardous materials regulations, codified 
at 49 CFR 109.17 and 109.19, allow PHMSA to issue emergency orders to 
abate unsafe conditions or practices posing an imminent hazard related 
to the transportation of hazardous materials, and include streamlined 
administrative remedies that materially enhanced PHMSA's ability to 
prevent the unsafe movement of hazardous materials. Section 16 of the 
PIPES Act directs the Secretary to adopt a review process for pipeline 
emergency orders that contains the same procedures as those in 49 CFR 
109.19(d) and (g) and that is ``otherwise consistent with the review 
process developed under [49 CFR 109.19], to the greatest extent 
practicable and not inconsistent with this section.'' As a result, this 
final rule is modeled in many respects after the enhanced authority 
conferred by HMTSSRA and contained in 49 CFR 109.19.

D. Need for Enhanced Emergency Order Authority for Pipelines

    While the CAO has proven to be an effective tool to address a 
particular pipeline operator's hazardous facility, no enforcement 
vehicle existed, prior to passage of the PIPES Act, that would allow 
PHMSA to address immediate safety threats facing the wider pipeline 
industry. This new enforcement tool enables the PHMSA Administrator 
(the Administrator) to issue an emergency order prohibiting an unsafe 
condition or practice and imposing affirmative safety measures when an 
unsafe condition, practice, or other activity constitutes or is causing 
an imminent hazard to life, property or the environment. The emergency 
order authority conferred by the PIPES Act is intended to serve as a 
flexible enforcement tool that can be used in emergency situations to 
address time-sensitive safety conditions affecting multiple owners or 
operators, facilities, or systems that present an imminent hazard. 
Unlike a CAO or NOPSO issued to a single operator, an emergency order 
affects multiple or all operators and pipeline systems that share a 
common characteristic or condition.
    A variety of circumstances could warrant the issuance of an 
emergency order, including: (1) Where a natural disaster affects many 
pipelines in a specific geographic region; (2) where a serious flaw has 
been discovered in pipe, equipment manufacturing, or supplier 
materials; and (3) where an accident reveals that a specific industry 
practice is unsafe and needs immediate or temporary correction. This 
list is not intended to be exhaustive. PHMSA will examine the specific 
facts in each situation to determine if an imminent hazard exists and 
will tailor each emergency order to address the specific imminent 
hazard under the circumstances presented while observing the 
statutorily-mandated due process procedures.

E. Interim Final Rule

    On October 14, 2016, PHMSA issued an IFR adopting temporary 
regulations governing emergency orders. The IFR implemented the 
authority conferred by the PIPES Act that allowed PHMSA to issue an 
emergency order without prior notice or an opportunity for a hearing 
when an unsafe condition or practice, or a combination of unsafe 
conditions and practices, constitutes or is causing an imminent hazard. 
PHMSA simply adopted the statutory definition of ``Imminent hazard'' 
found in section 16, namely, the existence of a condition relating to 
one or more pipeline facilities that ``presents a substantial 
likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a 
substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may 
occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal 
proceeding begun to lessen the risk of such death, illness, injury, or 
endangerment.''
    In the IFR, PHMSA followed the statutory language in section 16 to 
provide that, before issuing an emergency order, the agency must 
consider its potential impact on the public health and safety, on the 
national or regional economy, or national security, as well as the 
ability of owners and operators of pipeline facilities to maintain 
reliability and continuity of service to customers. As part of this 
deliberative process, PHMSA shall ``consult, as the [Administrator] 
determines appropriate, with appropriate Federal agencies, State 
agencies, and other entities knowledgeable in pipeline safety or 
operations.''
    The IFR also provided that any entity subject to, and aggrieved by, 
an emergency order would have the right to file a petition for review 
with PHMSA to determine whether the order should remain in effect, be 
modified, or be terminated. If the agency does not reach a decision 
with respect to the petition before the end of a 30-day review period 
(beginning when the petition is filed), the order will cease to be 
effective unless the Administrator determines in writing, on or before 
the last day of the review period, that the imminent hazard still 
exists.

III. Summary and Response to Comments

    PHMSA received eight comments from pipeline trade associations, 
pipeline operators, and citizens.
    List of Commenters:

1. American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM)
2. The American Gas Association (AGA)
3. The American Petroleum Institute and the Association of Oil Pipe 
Lines (API/AOPL)
4. Chaparral Energy, Inc. (Chaparral)
5. GPA Midstream Association (GPA)
6. Interstate Natural Gas Association of America (INGAA)
7. ONEOK Partners, L.P. (ONEOK)
8. Peter Miller

General Comments

    Most of the comments were generally supportive of the IFR. AFPM, 
AGA, API/AOPL, and INGAA were concerned, however, about the lack of a 
notice and comment period prior to issuance of the IFR and PHMSA's 
decision to issue temporary regulations through an IFR. The industry 
commenters also requested a number of amendments aimed at ensuring 
various procedural safeguards, including the narrowing of the grounds 
for issuing emergency orders, guaranteeing the right of every 
petitioner to secure a formal hearing before an administrative law 
judge (ALJ), setting more liberal deadlines for filing petitions for 
reconsideration from the report and recommendation of an ALJ, and 
requiring personal service of emergency orders. One comment was outside 
of the scope of the rulemaking because it addressed issues involving 
pipeline safety generally and did not address the IFR.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA believes that issuance of the IFR was the appropriate course 
of action for PHMSA to take, given the explicit direction from Congress 
that the Secretary issue temporary regulations within 60 days of 
enactment of the PIPES Act. However, to obtain meaningful input from 
the public, PHMSA included a 60-day comment period following issuance 
of the IFR. This allowed PHMSA to comply with the Congressional mandate 
to move quickly, while also providing the public with an opportunity to 
comment on the IFR prior to issuance of a final rule. PHMSA has 
carefully considered each comment and addressed them in this final 
rule. Where appropriate, PHMSA has modified the emergency order

[[Page 52018]]

regulations in response to public comments.

Summary of Public Comments on Sec.  190.3, Definitions

    AGA, API/AOPL, INGAA, and ONEOK commented that the definition of 
``emergency order'' should be changed to include the limitation 
contained in section 16 that the emergency restrictions, prohibitions, 
and safety measures set forth in an order must be imposed ``only to the 
extent necessary to abate the imminent hazard.'' GPA cited to the 
statutory definition of ``emergency order'' and stated that it is in 
agreement with each concern raised by API/AOPL.
    Chaparral commented that the phrase ``affected entities'' in the 
definition of ``emergency order'' be changed to ``respondents'' because 
``respondent'' is a defined term under Sec.  190.3, whereas there is no 
definition in either the statute or the pipeline safety regulations for 
the term ``affected entities.'' It also stated that the term 
``respondent'' is used throughout the Pipeline Safety Enforcement and 
Regulatory Procedures in 49 CFR part 190 and that its use would 
therefore be more consistent with the terminology used elsewhere in 
Part 190. Chaparral further suggested that PHMSA add a new definition 
for the term ``formal hearing,'' to distinguish it from PHMSA's typical 
informal enforcement hearings.\2\
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    \2\ Chaparral also recommended that PHMSA amend Sec.  190.3 to 
expressly incorporate the definitions contained in Sec. Sec.  192.3 
and 195.2, as applicable, into Part 190. This comment goes beyond 
the scope of the final rule and therefore is not addressed.
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    AGA suggested that PHMSA modify the definition of the term 
``imminent hazard.'' The IFR provides that an imminent hazard exists 
where there is a substantial likelihood that harm ``may occur before 
the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal administrative 
proceeding begun to lessen the risk'' of such harm. In a footnote, AGA 
noted that PHMSA had added the word ``administrative'' to the term 
``formal proceeding'' in the definition of ``Imminent hazard'' and 
requested that it be deleted to be consistent with the definition of 
``imminent hazard'' in section 16.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA agrees with AGA, API/AOPL, INGAA, and ONEOK that the final 
rule should make clear that an emergency order may be issued ``only to 
the extent necessary to abate the imminent hazard.'' Therefore, the 
final rule amends Sec.  190.236(a) by adding the commenters' suggested 
language to limit the agency's authority to make a determination that 
an imminent hazard exists. Because this limiting language more properly 
affects the authority of PHMSA to make a finding of an imminent hazard 
rather than the definition of what constitutes an ``emergency order,'' 
the definition in Sec.  190.3 has not been changed.
    PHMSA believes that this change is appropriate to clarify that an 
emergency order may not be used as a substitute for notice and comment 
rulemaking. The PIPES Act distinguishes between emergency order 
authority, which is intended to address an imminent hazard, and 
rulemaking activity, making it clear that an emergency order may not be 
construed to ``alter, amend, or limit the Secretary's obligations 
under, or the applicability of, [the Administrative Procedure Act.]'' 
However, PHMSA will consider issuing a regulation through notice and 
comment rulemaking, if appropriate, based on the unique circumstances 
that may arise while an emergency order is in effect, or if sufficient 
time has elapsed and the condition causing the determination of the 
imminent hazard continues to exist (as discussed below in the ``Summary 
of Public Comments to Adding Sec.  190.236(e), Emergency Orders, 
Savings and Limitations'' and in ``IV. Section-by-Section Analysis'' 
for Sec.  190.236).
    Procedural safeguards also exist to protect the rights of operators 
to challenge PHMSA's determination or to remove an emergency order when 
an imminent hazard no longer exists, either generally or as to an 
operator individually based on unique facts or circumstances. The 
operator may petition for review of an emergency order with PHMSA, and 
receive final agency action on the emergency order within 30 days. If 
an operator receives an adverse determination from PHMSA, the operator 
may seek judicial review.
    PHMSA agrees with commenters, for the reasons stated above, that 
the phrase ``affected entities'' in the definition of ``emergency 
order'' should be changed to ``owners and operators'' because paragraph 
(o)(1) of 49 U.S.C. 60117, as amended by the PIPES Act, limits the 
entities potentially subject to emergency orders to ``owners and 
operators of gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities.'' While 
Chaparral suggested replacing ``affected entities'' with 
``respondents,'' PHMSA thinks the change to ``owners and operators'' is 
preferable because it is more specific and tracks the language of the 
PIPES Act.
    PHMSA also agrees with commenters that it would be helpful to 
clarify that a ``formal hearing'' is a formal proceeding on the record 
conducted by an ALJ in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 554 and should be 
distinguished from PHMSA's informal adjudications. Therefore, PHMSA is 
amending Sec.  190.3 to add a definition of the term ``formal hearing'' 
and to use that term generally to refer to administrative hearings held 
under the final rule.
    As for AGA's comment that the word ``administrative'' should be 
deleted from the phrase ``formal administrative proceeding'' in the 
definition of ``imminent hazard,'' PHMSA agrees and has deleted the 
word ``administrative'' to clarify that a finding of an imminent hazard 
must be based on a determination that the harm posed by the hazard may 
occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal 
proceeding, whatever its form, that is brought to lessen the risk of 
such harm.

Summary of Public Comments on Sec. Sec.  190.5, Service, and 
190.236(d), Emergency Orders, Service

    AFPM, AGA, API/AOPL, and INGAA commented that emergency orders 
should not be exempt from PHMSA's general service requirements and that 
the current service provisions of Sec.  190.5 should not be changed. 
They also suggested that Sec.  190.236(d) be removed, since it is 
unnecessary if Sec.  190.5 is unchanged.
    AGA and API/AOPL suggested that in addition to personal service, 
affected operators should be notified in an email distribution sent to 
all individuals listed as ``Compliance Officers'' and alternate 
contacts in PHMSA's Operator Identification Contact Management Section 
of the PHMSA Portal.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA agrees with the commenters' suggestion that PHMSA provide 
personal service of emergency orders to all pipeline operators subject 
to the orders. Given the importance that operators receive notice of 
such orders, PHMSA will also provide notice by posting a copy of each 
order in the Federal Register and on the PHMSA website as soon as 
practicable upon issuance. The intent is to provide the same type of 
personal service for emergency orders as PHMSA currently provides for 
other enforcement actions issued under Part 190, plus notice on the 
PHMSA website and in the Federal Register. PHMSA is therefore deleting 
the amendment of Sec.  190.5 and amending Sec.  190.236(d) to provide 
that PHMSA will provide personal service of emergency orders, pursuant 
to Sec.  190.5, to pipeline owners and operators subject to the order, 
plus general notice by posting the orders on the PHMSA

[[Page 52019]]

website and by publication in the Federal Register.
    Personal service will be consistent with the provisions of the 
current Sec.  190.5, which states that PHMSA will effectuate personal 
service by certified mail, overnight courier, or electronic 
transmission by facsimile or other electronic means that includes 
reliable acknowledgement of actual receipt. Since this is the same 
personal service that is already provided in other enforcement actions, 
PHMSA believes that the agency can effectively and expeditiously 
provide personal service of emergency orders to all affected operators. 
In addition, every pipeline operator is required to file reports 
annually with the agency, so PHMSA's database is kept current.
    Because PHMSA has changed the final rule to provide personal 
service to all affected pipeline owners and operators, as suggested by 
the commenters, and is also providing general notice on PHMSA's website 
and in the Federal Register, PHMSA believes there is no need to adopt 
the additional suggestion from AGA and API/AOPL that PHMSA notify 
operators by email sent to all individuals listed as ``Compliance 
Officers'' and alternate contacts in PHMSA's Operator Identification 
Contact Management Section. Should affected owners and operators wish 
to share an emergency order, they may always do so.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.236(a), Emergency Orders, 
Determination of Imminent Hazard

    Section 16 of the PIPES Act provides that when PHMSA issues an 
emergency order, the order must contain a written description of ``the 
violation, condition, or practice that constitutes or is causing the 
imminent hazard.'' AGA, API/AOPL, and INGAA commented that PHMSA does 
not have the authority under the PIPES Act to issue an emergency order 
based on a violation of the Federal pipeline safety laws, or a 
regulation or order prescribed under them. The commenters stated that 
they do not believe a violation of a pipeline safety law, or regulation 
or order thereunder, in and of itself, could be a sufficient basis to 
issue an emergency order. API/AOPL raised due process concerns if an 
operator does not have prior notice and an opportunity for a hearing 
before PHMSA finds that a violation has occurred.

PHMSA Response

    As noted above, the explicit use of the term ``violation'' in 
section 16 makes clear that a violation of a provision of the Federal 
pipeline safety laws, or a regulation or order prescribed under those 
laws, may serve as part of the factual basis for PHMSA determining that 
a condition or combination of conditions constitutes or is causing an 
imminent hazard. However, PHMSA does not interpret section 16 to mean 
that an emergency order would be used either to make an allegation of 
violation or a finding of violation, since those are addressed through 
other enforcement mechanisms, primarily notices of probable violation. 
Instead, PHMSA interprets the use of the term ``violation'' in the 
final rule to mean that preliminary findings of fact, conditions, 
potential violations, events, or practices that form the legal basis 
for determining the existence of an imminent hazard may be included as 
part of the factual basis for issuing an emergency order. PHMSA does 
not foresee that the factual statements contained in emergency orders 
will differ from the ``Preliminary Findings'' currently contained in 
corrective action orders, notices of proposed corrective action orders, 
and notices of proposed safety orders that serve as the agency's 
factual basis for declaring a hazardous condition or integrity threat 
and proposing or imposing corrective actions that operators need to 
take to address unsafe conditions.
    To avoid any implication that emergency orders will be premised on 
an actual determination or finding of violations of the pipeline safety 
regulations, PHMSA has revised the introductory language in Sec.  
190.236(a) to remove the reference to ``violations'' of Federal 
pipeline safety laws as stated in the IFR. However, PHMSA is retaining 
it later in that same paragraph when used to describe the contents of 
an emergency order. This adheres to the statutory language in section 
16 and makes a distinction between the alleged preliminary findings of 
fact that serve as the legal basis for issuing an order and what the 
order actually determines or requires.
    PHMSA emphasizes that this revision does not affect its authority 
to issue an emergency order where a violation of the pipeline safety 
regulations may have occurred or to make preliminary findings of fact 
that describe the conditions giving rise to an imminent hazard.\3\ 
Potential violations of Federal pipeline safety laws can result in 
unsafe conditions or practices that are so serious that they can serve 
to constitute part of the factual basis for issuing an emergency order. 
It would be unwise and contrary to the language of the statute to 
suggest that the use of the facts underlying potential violations is 
beyond PHMSA's authority. PHMSA also emphasizes that issuance of an 
emergency order does not preclude the agency from pursuing a violation 
through other means, including a notice of probable violation, separate 
from the emergency order process.
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    \3\ This has traditionally been PHMSA's practice in issuing 
corrective action orders (CAOs), where the agency recites 
preliminary findings that describe what is currently known about the 
facts and circumstances surrounding an accident and that are subject 
to change as the accident investigation continues.
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    PHMSA is also correcting two typographical errors contained in this 
section. Neither change is substantive.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.236(b), Emergency Orders, 
Consultation Requirement

    AFPM commented that the IFR language does not include details 
concerning PHMSA's contemplated approach for carrying out the 
requirement in section 16 that PHMSA consult with appropriate Federal 
agencies, State authorities, and other entities knowledgeable in 
pipeline safety or operations before deciding whether to issue an 
emergency order. It requests that PHMSA provide clarification on its 
intended approach for such ``pre-order'' consultations, ``including 
categories of experts within State and Federal authorities [PHMSA] 
would expect to engage in pre-order consultation and consideration.''
    INGAA requested clarification that section 16 actually requires 
PHMSA to consult with appropriate Federal and state agencies and 
``other entities knowledgeable in pipeline safety or operations'' and 
that PHMSA's discretion was limited ``only as to what agencies are 
consulted and to what extent those agencies are consulted,'' not 
whether to consult at all. INGAA stated that the PIPES Act explicitly 
mandates that such consultations take place and further suggested that 
``it would be appropriate, if not imperative, for the Administrator to 
consult with certain agencies in almost every conceivable situation.'' 
For example, INGAA suggested that for any emergency order issued to a 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)-regulated pipeline, FERC 
should be consulted at a minimum for potential impacts on energy 
reliability. Additionally, INGAA proposed that the Department of Energy 
be an appropriate consulting agency in some cases due to its 
overarching interest in energy policy and electric reliability.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA declines to adopt AFPM's suggestion that the agency provide

[[Page 52020]]

greater detail as to how and when PHMSA will engage in consultations 
with various agencies and stakeholders before issuing an emergency 
order. PHMSA believes that the statute clearly provides that PHMSA 
should engage in consultations with knowledgeable entities, including 
State and Federal agencies, before issuing an order, except that PHMSA 
has been granted the discretion to determine when consultations are 
``appropriate,'' including the exigent circumstances upon which the 
emergency order is based. PHMSA believes it would be inefficient, 
inflexible, and contrary to the statutory language to identify specific 
procedures or entities that must be consulted in every instance, given 
the unique circumstances under which PHMSA is likely to consider 
issuance of an emergency order.
    As suggested by commenters, PHMSA is amending the title to the 
subsection to clarify that it is not delineating a formal consultation 
process.

Summary of Public Comments To Adding Sec.  190.236(e), Emergency 
Orders, Savings and Limitations

    INGAA commented that PHMSA ``must'' add a paragraph (e) to Sec.  
190.236 to include a Savings and Limitations Clause, since a similar 
provision is contained in section 16. INGAA provided proposed language 
that followed the statutory language, stating that an emergency order 
under this section may not alter, amend, or limit the Secretary's 
obligations or provide authority to amend the CFR.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA rejects this suggestion as being unnecessary. The limitations 
and savings clause contained in section 16 is self-executing and does 
not require duplicate publication in the code of Federal regulations to 
be effective. Therefore, PHMSA is not adding a section to include a 
limitations and savings clause.
    However, PHMSA is adding a new paragraph (e) to Sec.  190.236, 
which is intended to address a different concern. The new paragraph (e) 
states that if an emergency order remains in effect for more than 365 
days, PHMSA will make an assessment regarding whether the imminent 
hazard underlying the emergency order continues to exist. PHMSA did not 
receive any public comments suggesting this amendment, but it has 
decided to add the paragraph as an additional procedural protection to 
the petition process in Sec.  190.237. Under this new provision, if 
PHMSA determines the imminent hazard does not continue to exist, PHMSA 
will rescind the order by notifing the operator in accordance with the 
procedures in Sec.  190.236(d). If PHMSA determines the imminent hazard 
underlying the emergency order does continue to exist, PHMSA will 
initiate a rulemaking. Initating a rulemaking means that PHMSA will 
begin developing a rulemaking that will propose incorporating the 
actions mandated in the emergency order in the pipeline safety 
regulations. The proposed rulemaking will be published in the Federal 
Register and will provide the public an opportunity for notice and 
comment.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237, Petitions for Review

    AFPM, INGAA, and ONEOK suggested that PHMSA include a provision 
allowing petitioners to modify or amend petitions for review after they 
have been filed. ONEOK and INGAA proposed that such amendments be 
permitted ``within the 30-day deadline for a final agency decision 
should new information become available that materially affects the 
review proceeding.'' INGAA stated that such an opportunity to amend a 
petition for review should not affect the 30-day deadline for reaching 
a final agency decision.
    API/AOPL commented that PHMSA should clarify that if a petition for 
review is filed, PHMSA has the burden of proving the reasonableness of 
the order.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA accepts the commenters' suggestion to add language clarifying 
that petitions for review can be amended to provide new information 
materially affecting the review proceeding, provided such modifications 
or amendments are timely submitted. The determination whether to accept 
a modification or amendment will be made by the Associate Administrator 
where no formal hearing has been requested. In cases that have been 
referred to an ALJ for a formal hearing, the ALJ will determine whether 
to accept the new materials.
    In response to API's comments about PHMSA's burden of proving the 
reasonableness of an emergency order, PHMSA has added a paragraph to 
clarify that the agency bears the burden of proving, by a preponderance 
of the evidence, that all the elements necessary to sustain an 
emergency order are present in a particular case, just as it does in 
other enforcement proceedings. However, a party asserting an 
affirmative defense bears the burden of proving the affirmative defense 
by a preponderance of the evidence. Accordingly, in this final rule, 
PHMSA is adding paragraph (g) to Sec.  190.237 to explicitly define the 
burden of proof in emergency order cases. Current paragraphs (f) 
through (k) are redesignated as paragraphs (h) through (m).

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(a)(2), Petitions for 
Review, Requirements

    Chaparral commented that Sec.  190.237(a)(2) in the IFR requires a 
petition for review to specifically identify which portions of the 
emergency order the petition seeks to either ``amend or rescind.'' It 
proposed that this language be modified to match the statutory 
language, which states that PHMSA must provide an opportunity for an 
owner or operator to show why an emergency order should be ``modified'' 
or ``terminated.''

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA adopts this suggestion and has revised Sec.  190.237(a)(2) to 
use the phrase ``modified or terminated'' to be consistent with the 
statutory language.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec. Sec.  190.237(a)(3) and 
190.237(c)(1), Petitions for Review, Right to Formal Hearing

    AGA, AFPM, API/AOPL, and INGAA commented that PHMSA should remove 
the provision requiring that each petition containing a request for a 
formal hearing must state ``the material facts in dispute giving rise 
to the request for a hearing,'' as well as the provision providing the 
Associate Administrator with the discretion to deny a formal hearing 
request if he finds that the petition for review fails to state 
material facts in dispute. INGAA expressed concern that denying a 
formal hearing could impinge on an operator's ability to develop an 
evidentiary record before an independent administrative law judge. This 
was of particular concern because an emergency order could potentially 
have far-reaching consequences on energy reliability, continuity of 
service, and the economy as a whole. The commenters stated that Sec.  
190.237(c)(1) should be modified to make clear that ``the Associate 
Administrator does not have the discretion to unilaterally deny an 
affected entity the opportunity to pursue a formal hearing.''
    AFPM concurred that a petition should not be denied based simply on 
a failure to state materials facts because if PHMSA were to issue an 
emergency order in the aftermath of an accident, the facts underlying 
the incident would

[[Page 52021]]

likely be unknown, or only partially known, even by the operator, 
during an emergency. AFPM stated that petitioners subject to an 
emergency order who lack access to all of the underlying facts would 
need to have the opportunity of a formal hearing to engage in discovery 
and to exercise other statutorily-required processes.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA has adopted the commenters' suggestion that the Associate 
Administrator refer all petitions that request a formal hearing to an 
ALJ, regardless of whether or not there are material facts in dispute.
    PHMSA recognizes the commenters' concern that, because emergency 
orders may be issued without prior notice or an opportunity for a 
hearing, it is important that affected entities be given the chance to 
develop an evidentiary record before an ALJ. Further, PHMSA notes that 
an ALJ has broad authority to manage any challenges that may arise 
during formal hearings, including discovery, evidence, and the 
consolidation of petitions, all of which must be resolved on the 
expedited schedule required under the statute. Therefore, for the 
reasons cited above, PHMSA is modifying the language in 49 CFR 
190.237(c) to refer any petition that requests a formal hearing to an 
ALJ.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(c)(2), Petitions for 
Review, Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety Responsibilities, 
No Formal Hearing Requested

    API/AOPL requested clarification of the procedures to be used to 
resolve a petition for review where the petitioner has not requested a 
formal hearing or if the Associate Administrator denies a petitioner's 
request to pursue the ALJ process. They suggest that even in the 
absence of a formal hearing before an ALJ, a petitioner must be 
afforded the right to develop an adequate record, including the right 
to answer the agency's response to a petition for review.

PHMSA Response

    As noted above, PHMSA has accepted the commenters' suggestion to 
eliminate the authority of the Associate Administrator to deny a 
petitioner's request for a formal hearing. As for those situations 
where no formal hearing has been requested, these petitions will be 
reviewed on the written record, just as is currently done for other 
enforcement proceedings where no informal hearing has been requested. 
In both cases, the final agency decision will be rendered by the 
Associate Administrator.
    The commenters have suggested that petitioners in non-hearing cases 
need a greater opportunity to develop a full evidentiary record. The 
PIPES Act mandates that PHMSA develop a review process generally in 
conformance with Sec.  109.19 of this title. As such, Sec.  190.237 
must, to the greatest extent practicable, remain consistent with these 
regulations. Section 109.19(b) provides that an attorney designated by 
the Office of Chief Counsel, PHMSA, may file and serve a response to a 
petition for review, but does not include a right by the petitioner to 
``reply,'' as suggested by the commenters. PHMSA believes, given the 
timeframes established by the review process, that the most practicable 
resolution with respect to the comment is for petitioners to take 
advantage of the provisions laid out in the IFR. Safeguards already 
exist to ensure a petitioner's ability to develop an adequate record 
within the short time frames provided in the statute by amending its 
petition or seeking reconsideration of the ALJ's report and 
recommendation, or filing for judicial review in a district court of 
the United States. Given that emergency orders can only be issued upon 
a showing that an imminent hazard exists, the administrative process 
for reviewing an emergency order must necessarily proceed on an 
expedited basis.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(c)(3), Petitions for 
Review, Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety Responsibilities, 
Consolidation

    Several commenters objected to the consolidation provision in Sec.  
190.237(c)(3). AFPM requested that this provision, which allows the 
Associate Administrator to consolidate petitions for review that share 
common issues of law or fact, be removed entirely from the final rule. 
It commented that the Associate Administrator should not be permitted 
to consolidate petitions unless each petitioner agrees to 
consolidation, since the right to petition for review is an individual 
right held by each affected entity. AFPM requested that if the 
provision were not removed, then PHMSA should clarify the meaning of 
the phrase ``substantially similar'' orders, as used in the IFR 
preamble. Finally, it offered the alternative that if this provision 
were removed from the final rule, petitioners could then ``elect to 
consolidate their petitions through consent provided to the ALJ,'' who 
could then consolidate ``genuinely similar petitioners.''
    API/AOPL commented that the final rule should permit only ``like'' 
petitions to be consolidated, i.e., those that seek resolution pursuant 
to the same procedural process. It stated that if a petitioner seeks 
review of an emergency order under the more formal ALJ process, then 
PHMSA should not then ``be able to deny that right'' by consolidating 
the petition with others who seek resolution without a formal hearing. 
It suggested that if a petitioner elects to forego a hearing and does 
not wish to expend the resources required under the ALJ process, then 
it should not be required to do so if its case were consolidated with 
others requesting a formal hearing. API/AOPL stated that all 
petitioners should have the right to decide individually if they wish 
to pursue review under (c)(1) or (c)(2), and that such choice was 
necessary to protect a petitioner's ability to elect the appropriate 
procedural option for itself.
    INGAA commented that PHMSA should explicitly state in its 
regulations that where multiple petitions for review are consolidated, 
the 30-day expiration period for the emergency order should be 
controlled by the date that the first petition is filed. It also 
suggested that the Associate Administrator should have the discretion 
to de-consolidate a proceeding if circumstances warrant since it ``is 
easily foreseeable that facts potentially altering the review 
proceeding may arise after petitions for review have been 
consolidated.''

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA believes it is reasonable and practical to permit the 
Associate Administrator to consolidate petitions for review. Given the 
potential number of petitioners and the urgency of reviewing multiple 
petitions, the best use of public resources may be to consolidate 
substantially similar petitions so that such petitions can be processed 
efficiently. If a petition is substantially similar to other petitions 
filed under the same emergency order and is consolidated, the petition 
is still afforded a full review. Each petitioner in a consolidated 
proceeding retains the ability to protect its interests, whether in a 
formal hearing or not, as neither proceeding is limited to considering 
only one issue. It is in the best interests of the public and judicial 
economy for PHMSA to have the discretion to require that substantially 
similar petitions be resolved in a single proceeding.
    PHMSA also sees no need to clarify the term ``substantially 
similar,'' as it is applied to multiple petitions for review. The IFR 
clearly states that ''substantially similar'' means where more than one

[[Page 52022]]

petition includes common issues of fact or law.
    As for the suggestion by API/AOPL that PHMSA should permit only 
``like'' petitions to be consolidated, i.e., those that seek resolution 
pursuant to the same procedural process, the agency declines to accept 
this suggestion. If one petitioner files a petition that does not 
request a formal hearing and another one does, the commenters contend 
that, if the former ``does not wish to expend the resources required 
under the ALJ process, then it should not be required to do so.'' PHMSA 
believes there would be no such requirement. If a non-hearing petition 
is consolidated with a hearing petition that are considered together by 
an ALJ, the non-hearing petitioner would not be forced to participate 
in the formal hearing process. Its petition would still be considered 
as part of the consolidated case, including any report and 
recommendation issued by the ALJ, and would still be considered and 
decided by the Associate Administrator through a final decision on the 
consolidated case. The substantive claims of the non-hearing petitioner 
would be fully considered and decided, just the same as they would be 
if no hearing were held at all. Such a process would also be more 
efficient and avoid a plethora of hearings and decisions on multiple 
petitions.
    PHMSA also declines to adopt the suggestion that where multiple 
petitions for review have been consolidated, the 30-day expiration 
period for the emergency order should be controlled by the date that 
the first petition is filed. PHMSA believes such language is 
unnecessary because Sec.  190.237(l) already makes clear that if a 
decision has not been reached by the Associate Administrator on a 
petition for review within 30 days, absent a written finding by the 
Administrator that the emergency condition continues to exist, the 
emergency order will cease to be effective. This means that if multiple 
petitions have been filed and consolidated, the date the first petition 
was filed will serve to start the 30-day review period and the 
emergency order will expire 30 days thereafter unless the Administrator 
finds that the emergency continues to exist.
    Finally, PHMSA accepts INGAA's suggestion that Sec.  190.237(c)(3) 
be amended to give the Associate Administrator the discretion to de-
consolidate a proceeding. The trade organization contends that factual 
circumstances could potentially change after multiple petitions have 
been consolidated that would warrant de-consolidation by the Associate 
Administrator. In a proceeding where a non-hearing petition has been 
consolidated with a hearing petition and assigned to an ALJ, the ALJ 
would have the discretion to handle these petitions in the most 
efficient manner, including possible de-consolidation. Where the 
Associate Administrator has consolidated two non-hearing petitions, the 
final rule gives him the discretion to de-consolidate the two cases if 
changed circumstances warrant separation. PHMSA believes this would not 
unduly delay the process, which has been intentionally streamlined to 
provide expedited resolution of multiple potential petitions.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(c)(4), Petitions for 
Review, Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety Responsibilities, 
Agency Authority To Request a Formal Hearing

    The AFPM, API/AOPL, and INGAA commented that Sec.  190.237(c)(4), 
which gives the Associate Administrator the right to request a formal 
hearing, should be removed from the final rule. They state that section 
16 does not provide PHMSA with this authority if a petitioner has not 
requested a formal hearing. In the alternative, they request (1) 
clarification of this authority (including the process by which the 
decision is made); (2) clarification on the standard by which the 
decision is made; (3) the circumstances that may give rise to such 
agency action; and (4) how it can be appealed. API/AOPL and INGAA 
stated that if entities aggrieved by an emergency order choose to 
proceed without pursuing a formal ALJ hearing, then it would be counter 
to the interests of administrative economy for the agency to impose a 
more formal process that would require a petitioner to incur the 
expenditure of time and resources needed for a formal hearing.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA accepts the commenters' suggestion to remove Sec.  
109.237(c)(4). However, PHMSA has also clarified the consolidation 
provision to make clear that the Associate Administrator may 
consolidate a petition that does not include a formal hearing request 
with one that does. The provision permitting the Associate 
Administrator to require a formal hearing in such circumstances, even 
where a petitioner has not requested one, is a reasonable and practical 
case-management tool that allows multiple petitions to be heard 
together and is not precluded by the PIPES Act. Where there is a 
similar set of facts in dispute and multiple petitions, allowing an ALJ 
to conduct a single formal hearing can appropriately conserve agency 
resources. The use of the ALJ can also serve to protect the interests 
of all petitioners in such circumstances by ensuring that there is a 
full examination of the facts before PHMSA takes final agency action.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(d), Petitions for Review, 
Formal Hearings

    Chaparral suggested that the same formal hearing process should be 
used for both emergency orders and CAOs, since PHMSA can issue both 
without prior notice or hearing.\4\ Several industry groups also 
expressed a concern about a lack of procedures in the IFR limiting ex 
parte communications between PHMSA and the presiding ALJ. AFPM, API/
AOPL, and INGAA commented that a prohibition on ex parte communications 
(i.e., private contacts between one party and the adjudicator or other 
persons involved in preparing a final decision) between one party and 
the presiding ALJ should be included in the final rule. AFPM suggested 
that ex parte prohibitions should begin with the filing of a petition. 
INGAA stated that ex parte rules should apply to any discussion between 
the ALJ and the Administrator, Associate Administrator, or any other 
PHMSA personnel acting on behalf of the agency with regard to the 
merits of a petition for review. INGAA requested, on the other hand, 
that ex parte rules should be clear so as not to foreclose ``continued 
discussions between the affected operators and the Administrator, 
Associate Administrator, or PHMSA personnel acting on behalf of the 
Agency.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ The company's comment states: ``We believe that a Sec.  554 
hearing should be afforded in all instances under Subpart 190 where 
PHMSA is afforded the authority to take action prior to providing 
the operator notice and an opportunity to be heard. Under this 
approach, formal hearing regulations would apply not only to 
[emergency orders] but also to CAOs.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA declines to accept Chaparral's suggestion that the formal 
hearing process be applied to CAOs. First, such a proposed change is 
beyond the scope of this rulemaking. Second, passage of section 16 is 
the only time Congress has authorized an affected entity to request a 
formal hearing in an enforcement action brought by PHMSA, presumably 
because emergency orders potentially can have much broader impacts than 
CAOs and other enforcement actions directed against a single operator.
    PHMSA also declines to accept the suggestion from AFPM, API/AOPL, 
and INGAA that language be added to

[[Page 52023]]

paragraph (d) to prohibit ex parte communications in these formal 
hearings. The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 551 et seq., 
already provides well-established procedures governing ex parte 
communications in formal proceedings on the record (5 U.S.C. 
557(d)(1)), including those established under this final rule. 
Furthermore, these proceedings are also subject to standards 
established in 14 CFR part 300, including Sec. Sec.  300.1, 300.2 and 
300.4, for rules of conduct in formal proceedings on the record. These 
provisions apply to all ALJs in the Office of Hearings and will be 
followed for all formal hearings brought under these regulations.
    However, in this paragraph of the final rule, PHMSA is making a 
minor clerical revision to subparagraph (d)(2) to add the word 
``statutes'' which was inadvertently left out of the IFR regulatory 
text.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(g), Petitions for Review, 
Report and Recommendation

    Chaparral commented that the ALJ's report and recommendation should 
be considered a final agency action subject to judicial review. 
Chaparral expressed concern that the IFR was unclear whether an 
aggrieved party that elects not to file a petition for reconsideration 
could still seek judicial review of the emergency order. Chaparral 
argued that by making the ALJ report and recommendation a final agency 
action subject to judicial review, PHMSA would remove any uncertainty 
about a petitioner's right to seek judicial review without first filing 
a petition for reconsideration. The commenter believed that such a 
change would prevent a denial of due process.

PHMSA Response

    The PIPES Act mandates that PHMSA develop a review process 
consistent with Sec.  109.19(g) of this title, to the greatest extent 
practicable and not inconsistent with section 16. This particular 
provision in the IFR conforms to the hazmat procedures, whereby the 
Associate Administrator issues the final agency decision upon 
consideration of the ALJ's report and recommendation, if there is one. 
The IFR provides that a petitioner aggrieved by an ALJ report and 
recommendation may file a petition for reconsideration with PHMSA's 
Associate Administrator, who must then issue a final agency decision 
within 30 days of receiving the original petition for review. If a 
petitioner elects to forego the petition for reconsideration, the 
Associate Administrator must still issue a decision within 30 days of 
receiving the petition for review, and the petitioner may seek judicial 
review from the Associate Administrator's decision. Therefore, a 
petitioner's right to seek judicial review of final agency action on an 
emergency order is assured, regardless of whether or not the petitioner 
has sought reconsideration of the ALJ's report and recommendation.
    However, in the regulatory text PHMSA has made a minor modification 
to the language of this paragraph to clarify that the ALJ issues the 
report and recommendation to the Associate Administrator, whose 
decisions are considered final agency actions subject to judicial 
review.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(h), Petitions for Review, 
Petition for Reconsideration

    API/AOPL and INGAA commented that to allow owners and operators 
subject to an emergency order sufficient time to seek reconsideration, 
the deadline for issuing a report and recommendation be changed from 25 
days to 21 days. They suggested that petitioners be given additional 
time to consider and submit a petition for reconsideration. The 
commenters suggested that reducing the deadline to 21 days would allow 
for a petition for reconsideration to be submitted within 3 days 
instead of 1 day, and also allow PHMSA's response to the petition for 
reconsideration be submitted within 3 days instead of 1 day.

PHMSA Response

    Section 16 of the PIPES Act mandates that PHMSA, in issuing the 
final rule, must develop a process that ``contains the same 
procedures'' as subsections (d) and (g) of the Hazardous Materials 
Regulations. Subsection (g) of those regulations specifies that the 
ALJ's report and recommendation must ``be issued no later than 25 days 
after receipt of the petition for review. . .'' Since this is one of 
the provisions that must be identical to the Hazardous Materials 
Regulations, PHMSA does not have the discretion to reduce the deadline 
for an ALJ to issue a report and recommendation from 25 to 21 days, as 
the commenters suggest. The timeline established in this final rule is 
therefore the same as subsection (g) of the Hazardous Materials 
Regulations.
    In the final rule, PHMSA has modified the language of this 
paragraph to clarify that a petitioner ``affected and aggrieved'' by 
the ALJ's report and recommendation may file a petition for 
reconsideration, and it has also corrected non-substantive 
typographical errors. PHMSA has also extended the deadline for 
submitting a petition for reconsideration by allowing a petitioner to 
request reconsideration up until the 27th day after a petition for 
review has been filed. This means that in the event an ALJ report and 
recommendation is issued early (i.e., before the 25-day deadline), then 
the petitioner gets additional time to file a petition for 
reconsideration. Likewise, if the ALJ report is issued on or after the 
twenty-fifth day, a petitioner will now have two days, rather than one, 
to request reconsideration. This additional time was gained by 
eliminating the agency's opportunity to respond to the petition for 
reconsideration. PHMSA believes that the agency does not need an 
opportunity to respond to a petition for reconsideration since the 
Associate Administrator's decision will take into account the contents 
of the petition and respond through the final agency action.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(i), Petitions for Review, 
Judicial Review

    Chaparral raised concerns about the process for judicial review of 
an emergency order or a continuing-hazard determination. It stated that 
all orders issued under 49 U.S.C. chapter 601, including the issuance 
of a CAO prior to notice and an opportunity to a hearing, may currently 
be appealed directly to a circuit court of appeals, but under the IFR, 
judicial review of an emergency order lies with a Federal district 
court. Given the similarities between the two types of enforcement 
orders, Chaparral suggested that judicial review of an emergency order 
be changed to a Federal circuit court.

PHMSA Response

    Chaparral is correct that section 16 of the PIPES Act provides that 
an aggrieved owner or operator may seek review of an emergency order in 
a district court of the United States. While 49 U.S.C. 60119(a) 
generally provides that the courts of appeals have jurisdiction over 
petitions for the review of PHMSA orders issued under Chapter 601 of 
Title 49, the later-enacted section 16 of the PIPES Act specifically 
provides that judicial review of emergency orders must be sought in a 
district court. PHMSA has therefore retained the language from section 
16 in the final rule.

Summary of Public Comments to Sec.  190.237(j), Petitions for Review, 
Expiration of Emergency Order

    AGA and INGAA requested clarification that PHMSA may lift or remove 
an emergency order from one or more owners/operators, while leaving it 
in effect as to others. They stated that if

[[Page 52024]]

certain affected operators rectify the imminent hazard more quickly 
than others, they should be able to petition for release from the 
emergency order.
    Similarly, API/AOPL requested clarification that PHMSA will provide 
expedited relief from an emergency order if warranted by unique 
circumstances, such as the need to address unintended consequences of 
an order that has had a material impact on one or more operators. They 
requested that PHMSA provide clarification that if unique circumstances 
arise under an emergency order, a pipeline owner or operator would be 
permitted to file a petition for expedited relief from an emergency 
order, and that nothing in the regulations precludes the granting of 
such relief.
    Chaparral commented that four specific changes should be made to 
Sec.  190.237(j): (1) PHMSA should explain the limited effect and 
impact of a ``continuing hazard determination'' under various 
scenarios, depending on whether or not a petition for review has been 
filed and disposed of within 30 days; (2) PHMSA should limit the time-
frame during which a ``continuing hazard determination'' can be made to 
the 30-day period following the filing of a petition for review; (3) 
PHMSA should clarify what decision PHMSA must make within the 30-day 
period; and (4) PHMSA should explain what effect, if any, a 
``continuing hazard determination'' would have on a pending proceeding 
to resolve a petition for review.
    Chaparral also requested clarification of the judicial review 
process for an emergency order. It presented a hypothetical situation 
whereby the Administrator might deny a petition for reconsideration 
from the ALJ's report and recommendation yet also issue a separate 
order finding that an imminent hazard continues to exist past the 
initial 30-day period. According to the commenter, ``Sec.  190.237(i) 
appears to afford the aggrieved party two separate appeals involving 
the same [emergency order]: one for judicial review of a final agency 
decision under Sec.  190.237(h)(2), and one for judicial review of a 
continuing hazard determination under Sec.  190.237(j).'' In addition, 
Chaparral stated that there is nothing to prevent an aggrieved party 
from appealing a determination made under Sec.  190.237(j) to one 
Federal district court and appealing the other final agency decision to 
an entirely different Federal district court.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA clarifies that nothing in the final rule precludes PHMSA from 
granting expedited relief from an emergency order where PHMSA 
determines that the imminent hazard has abated with respect to a 
particular operator or group of operators, or from modifying the 
emergency order to grant partial relief where warranted by changed 
circumstances. An emergency order will contain procedures by which 
individual owners and operators may file petitions for review 
requesting that PHMSA terminate the emergency order as to them.
    The Associate Administrator's decision on a petition for review is 
final agency action, subject to judicial review. If the Associate 
Administrator has not disposed of a petition for review within 30 days 
after it is filed, and the Administrator determines, in writing, that 
the imminent hazard providing a basis for the emergency order continues 
to exist, the petitioner may seek judicial review of the emergency 
order at that time, or wait to seek judicial review of the Associate 
Administrator's decision, but not both. The regulatory text provides 
that a petitioner may seek judicial review of an emergency order after 
a decision by the Associate Administrator on the petition or the 
issuance of a written determination by the Administrator.
    As for Chaparral's other requested changes and questions, PHMSA has 
amended paragraph (l) to make clear that if no petition for review is 
filed, then the emergency order will continue in effect until PHMSA 
makes a written determination that the imminent hazard no longer exists 
and terminates the order. PHMSA declines to modify that same paragraph 
to specify the time frame during which a ``continuing hazard 
determination'' can be made since the current language makes clear that 
such a finding must be made during the 30-day period following the 
filing of a petition for review.
    The agency does clarify, however, that in all instances, the 
Associate Administrator must issue a decision on a petition for review 
of an emergency order within 30 days, and thus a petition for 
reconsideration of an ALJ's report and recommendation does not extend 
this deadline. If the Associate Administrator does not reach a decision 
on the petition for review within 30 days, then the emergency order 
will expire, unless the Administrator makes a determination, in 
writing, that an imminent hazard continues to exist. If the 
Administrator determines that an imminent hazard continues to exist, 
and issues this opinion in writing to prevent the expiration of an 
emergency order, it would have no effect on the Associate 
Administrator's decision on a pending petition. The Associate 
Administrator's decision may still modify or terminate an emergency 
order.
    PHMSA is also making a minor clerical correction to this paragraph 
to remove language regarding the ALJ not disposing of the petition for 
review. This was a typographical error.

Additional Public Comment

    After the comment period had closed, AFPM filed a supplemental 
comment as part of its larger response to DOT's Transportation 
Infrastructure docket, see DOT-OST-2017-0057, which was published in 
the Federal Register on June 8, 2017. 82 FR 26734. AFPM reiterated 
several of its earlier comments in light of the DOT Request for 
Comments and the policy considerations contained in Executive Orders 
13771, 13777, and 13873. AFPM suggested that PHMSA should consider any 
potential impacts to ongoing or planned pipeline infrastructure 
projects prior to issuing an emergency order.

PHMSA Response

    PHMSA notes that section 16 does not expand PHMSA's general 
authority to regulate pipeline transportation and pipeline facilities 
but merely provides a means by which the agency may take immediate 
action when, in extraordinary circumstances, an imminent safety hazard 
exists that involves multiple owners or operators of gas or hazardous 
liquid pipeline facilities. The statute requires that the emergency 
order be narrowly tailored to abate the imminent hazard. Additionally, 
the regulations require PHMSA to consider the impacts and consult, as 
the Administrator determines appropriate, with appropriate Federal 
agencies, State agencies, and other entities knowledgeable in pipeline 
safety or operations. These protections are designed to minimize 
potential adverse impacts, including impacts on planned and ongoing 
pipeline projects.

IV. Section-by-Section Analysis

    PHMSA is including a discussion about each section of the final 
rule, not just the amendments to the IFR, for ease of comprehension and 
clarity. Below is a summary and analysis of the regulatory provisions 
in the final rule.

Section 190.3 Definitions

    This section contains a comprehensive set of definitions for part 
190. PHMSA adds a new definition for ``formal hearing'' and revises the 
definitions for ``Emergency order'' and ``imminent hazard.''

[[Page 52025]]

Section 190.5 Service

    Paragraph (a) is revised to remove the exception of personal 
service for emergency orders.

Section 190.236 Emergency Orders

    PHMSA revises the language of Sec.  190.236(a) to remove the 
reference to ``violation'' in the introductory language serving as the 
basis for issuing an emergency order.
    PHMSA is making a non-substantive change to paragraph (b) so that 
the regulatory text concerning consultation tracks the statutory text 
in section 16.
    Paragraph (c) is amended to conform with the statutory requirement, 
by adding the phrase ``as appropriate'' to the regulatory text 
regarding consultation.
    Paragraph (d) is amended to provide that PHMSA will personally 
serve an emergency order on pipeline operators subject to the order, by 
certified mail, overnight courier, or electronic transmission by 
facsimile or other electronic means that includes reliable 
acknowledgement of actual receipt.
    Paragraph (e) is added to establish the steps PHMSA will take if an 
emergency order remains in effect for more than 365 days.

Section 190.237 Petitions for Review

    Paragraph (a)(2) is amended to use the term ``modified or 
terminated'' rather than ``amended or rescinded'' to describe the 
relief sought by a petitioner. These terms are consistent with the 
introductory language in paragraph (a).
    Paragraph (b) is added to allow a petitioner to modify its petition 
for review to provide new information that materially affects the 
review proceeding. The Associate Administrator or the presiding ALJ in 
a formal hearing will determine whether to accept the new materials.
    Paragraph (d)(1) is amended to provide that the Associate 
Administrator will accept all requests for formal hearings and forward 
them to the DOT Office of Hearings.
    Paragraph (d)(3) is amended to require that consolidation occur 
before a formal hearing commences, to clarify that the Associate 
Administrator may consolidate a petition that did not request a formal 
hearing with one or more petitions that have been forwarded to the DOT 
Office Hearings for a formal hearing, and to de-consolidate multiple 
petitions that have not requested a formal hearing if he determines 
that there has been a change in circumstances that warrants separation.
    Paragraph (f) is redesignated as paragraph (g) and is revised to 
explain that PHMSA has the burden of proof, except in the case of an 
affirmative defense asserted by a petitioner.
    Paragraphs (f) through (k) are redesignated as (g) through (l).
    Paragraph (h)(2)(iii) is edited to correct the mailing address of 
the DOT Office of Hearings.
    Paragraph (j) is added to provide additional time for a petitioner 
to file a petition for reconsideration of an administrative law judge's 
report and recommendation, permitting five days to file for 
reconsideration if the report and recommendation is issued 20 days or 
less after the petition for review was filed with PHMSA or two days to 
file for reconsideration if the report and recommendation is issued 
more than 20 days after the petition for review was filed.
    Paragraph (l) is revised to provide clarity on when an emergency 
order expires, and to state that if the Associate Administrator has not 
issued a decision within 30 days of a petition for review, the 
emergency order shall expire unless the Administrator determines, in 
writing, that the imminent hazard providing a basis for the emergency 
order continues to exist.

IV. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices

A. Statutory/Legal Authority for This Final Rule

    PHMSA's general authority to publish this final rule and prescribe 
pipeline safety regulations is codified at 49 U.S.C. 60101, et seq. 
Section 16 of the PIPES Act authorizes the Secretary of Transportation 
to establish procedures for the issuance of emergency orders that will 
be used to address an unsafe condition or practice, or combination of 
unsafe conditions or practices, that pose an imminent hazard to public 
health and safety or the environment. The Secretary has delegated the 
responsibility to exercise this authority to the Administrator. See 49 
CFR 1.97(a).

B. Executive Order 12866, Executive Order 13563, and DOT Policies and 
Procedures

    This final rule is a significant regulatory action under Executive 
Order 12866, 58 FR 51735, and the Regulatory Policies and Procedures of 
the Department of Transportation. The rule was therefore reviewed by 
the Office of Management and Budget. Pursuant to the Congressional 
Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., the Office of Information and 
Regulatory Affairs designated this rule as not a ``major rule,'' as 
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 require agencies to regulate in 
the ``most cost-effective manner,'' to make a ``reasoned determination 
that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs,'' and 
to develop regulations that ``impose the least burden on society.'' 
This final rule solely affects agency enforcement procedures to 
implement the emergency-order provisions of the law, and therefore this 
rulemaking results in no additional burden or compliance costs to 
industry. However, under circumstances warranting that PHMSA issue an 
emergency order, there may be incremental compliance actions and costs 
to operators and benefits related to the immediate lessening of the 
imminent risks of death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a 
substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment across 
the entirety of affected populations and environments. In the case of 
existing regulatory provisions, costs and benefits are attributable to 
the original rulemaking.
Executive Order 13771
    This proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of Executive 
Order 13771 because this rule results in no more than de minimis costs.
Executive Order 13132
    This final rule has been analyzed in accordance with the principles 
and criteria contained in Executive Order 13132 (``Federalism;'' 64 FR 
43255; Aug. 10, 1999). This final rule does not introduce any 
regulation that: (1) Has substantial direct effects on the States, the 
relationship between the national government and the States, or the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government; (2) imposes substantial direct compliance costs on State 
and local governments; or (3) preempts State law. Therefore, the 
consultation and funding requirements of Executive Order 13132 do not 
apply.
    Further, this final rule does not have an impact on federalism that 
warrants preparation of a federalism assessment.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 60101 et seq., requires an 
agency to review regulations to assess their impact on small entities 
unless the agency determines that a rule will not have a significant 
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Because this rule 
does not directly impact any entity, PHMSA determined that this final 
rule will not have a significant impact on a substantial number of 
small entities.

[[Page 52026]]

D. Paperwork Reduction Act

    PHMSA has analyzed this final rule in accordance with the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA; Pub. L. 96-511; Dec. 11, 1980). The PRA 
requires Federal agencies to minimize paperwork burden imposed on the 
American public by ensuring maximum utility and quality of Federal 
information, ensuring the use of information technology to improve 
Government performance, and improving the Federal government's 
accountability for managing information collection activities. This 
final rule contains no new information collection requirements subject 
to the PRA. In the IFR, PHMSA requested comment on the potential 
paperwork burdens associated with this rulemaking. PHMSA received no 
comments related to paperwork burdens associated with the emergency 
order provisions or other potential information requests related to 
them.

E. Executive Order 13175

    PHMSA has analyzed this final rule according to the principles and 
criteria in Executive Order 13175 (``Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments;'' 65 FR 67249; Nov. 9, 2000). Because this 
final rule will not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of 
the Indian tribal governments or impose substantial direct compliance 
costs, the funding and consultation requirements of Executive Order 
13175 do not apply.

F. Executive Order 13211

    This final rule is not a significant energy action under Executive 
Order 13211 (66 FR 28355; May 18, 2001). It is not a significant 
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have 
a significant, adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of 
energy. Furthermore, this final rule has not been designated by the 
Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs as a 
significant energy action.

G. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This final rule would not impose unfunded mandates under the 
Unfunded Mandates Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4; Dec. 4, 1995). The final 
rule would not result in annual costs of $100 million or more, in the 
aggregate, to any of the following: State, local, or Indian tribal 
governments, or the private sector, and is the least burdensome 
alternative to achieve the objective of the final rule.

H. Environmental Assessment

    The National Environmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C. 4321-4375, 
requires that Federal agencies analyze proposed actions to determine 
whether an action will have a significant impact on the human 
environment. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations 
order Federal agencies to conduct an environmental review considering 
(1) the need for the proposed action (2) alternatives to the proposed 
action (3) probable environmental impacts of the proposed action and 
alternatives and (4) the agencies and persons consulted during the 
consideration process. 40 CFR 1508.9(b).
1. Purpose and Need
    Congress enacted the PIPES Act, in part, to address safety issues 
affecting multiple or all owners/operators of gas or hazardous liquid 
pipeline facilities
2. Alternatives
    Because this final rule addresses a congressional mandate, PHMSA 
has limited latitude in defining alternative courses of action. The 
option of taking no action would be both inconsistent with Congress' 
direction and undesirable from the standpoint of safety and 
enforcement. Failure to implement the new authority would continue 
PHMSA's inability to address conditions or practices constituting an 
imminent risk of death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a 
substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment.
3. Analysis of Environmental Impacts
    There are no direct environmental impacts to analyze. However, the 
issuance of an emergency order represents a reduction in imminent risk 
of death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a substantial 
endangerment to health, property, or the environment that cannot be 
lessened timely enough through a formal proceeding begun to lessen the 
risk.

I. Regulation Identifier Number

    A regulation identifier number (RIN) is assigned to each regulatory 
action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations. The 
Regulatory Information Service Center publishes the Unified Agenda in 
spring and fall of each year. The RIN contained in the heading of this 
document can be used to cross-reference this action with the United 
Agenda.

J. Privacy Act

    Anyone can search the electronic form of all comments received into 
any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment 
(or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, 
business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act 
Statement published in the Federal Register, (see 65 FR 19477-78; April 
11, 2000), or you may visit https://www.regulations.gov.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 190

    Emergency orders; Administrative practice and procedures.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the interim rule 
amending 49 CFR part 190, which was published on October 14, 2016, (81 
FR 70980) is adopted as a final rule with the following amendments:

PART 190--PIPELINE SAFETY PROGRAMS AND RULEMAKING PROCEDURES

0
1. The authority citation for Part 190 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(b); 49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; 49 CFR 
1.97; Pub. L. 114-74, section 701; Pub. L. No: 112-90, section 2; 
Pub. L. 101-410, sections 4-6.


0
2. Amend Sec.  190.3 as follows:
0
a. Revise the definitions of ``Emergency order'' and ``Imminent 
hazard'' in alphabetical order; and
0
b. Add the definition of ``Formal hearing'' in alphabetical order.
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  190.3  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Emergency order means a written order issued in response to an 
imminent hazard imposing restrictions, prohibitions, or safety measures 
on owners and operators of gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, 
without prior notice or an opportunity for a hearing.
    Formal hearing means a formal review in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 
554, conducted by an administrative law judge.
* * * * *
    Imminent hazard means the existence of a condition relating to a 
gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility that presents a substantial 
likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury, or a 
substantial endangerment to health, property, or the environment may 
occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal 
proceeding begun to lessen the risk of such death, illness, injury or 
endangerment.
* * * * *

0
3. In Sec.  190.5, revise paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  190.5  Service.

    (a) Each order, notice, or other document required to be served 
under

[[Page 52027]]

this part, will be served personally, by certified mail, overnight 
courier, or electronic transmission by facsimile or other electronic 
means that includes reliable acknowledgement of actual receipt.
* * * * *

0
4. Revise Sec.  190.236 to read as follows:


Sec.  190.236  Emergency orders: Procedures for issuance and rescision.

    (a) Determination of imminent hazard. When the Administrator 
determines that an unsafe condition or practice, or a combination of 
unsafe conditions and practices, constitutes or is causing an imminent 
hazard, as defined in Sec.  190.3, the Administrator may issue or 
impose an emergency order, without advance notice or an opportunity for 
a hearing, but only to the extent necessary to abate the imminent 
hazard. The order will contain a written description of:
    (1) The violation, condition, or practice that constitutes or is 
causing the imminent hazard;
    (2) Those entities subject to the order;
    (3) The restrictions, prohibitions, or safety measures imposed;
    (4) The standards and procedures for obtaining relief from the 
order;
    (5) How the order is tailored to abate the imminent hazard and the 
reasons the authorities under 49 U.S.C. 60112 and 60117(l) are 
insufficient to do so; and
    (6) How the considerations listed in paragraph (c) of this section 
were taken into
    account.
    (b) Consultation. In considering the factors under paragraph (c) of 
this section, the Administrator shall consult, as the Administrator 
determines appropriate, with appropriate Federal agencies, State 
agencies, and other entities knowledgeable in pipeline safety or 
operations.
    (c) Considerations. Prior to issuing an emergency order, the 
Administrator shall consider the following, as appropriate:
    (1) The impact of the emergency order on public health and safety;
    (2) The impact, if any, of the emergency order on the national or 
regional economy or national security;
    (3) The impact of the emergency order on the ability of owners and 
operators of pipeline facilities to maintain reliability and continuity 
of service to customers; and
    (4) The results of any consultations with appropriate Federal 
agencies, State agencies, and other entities knowledgeable in pipeline 
safety or operations.
    (d) Service. The Administrator will provide service of emergency 
orders in accordance with Sec.  190.5 to all operators of gas and 
hazardous liquid pipeline facilities that the Administrator reasonably 
expects to be affected by the emergency order. In addition, the 
Administrator will publish emergency orders in the Federal Register and 
post them on the PHMSA website as soon as practicable upon issuance. 
Publication in the Federal Register will serve as general notice of an 
emergency order. Each emergency order must contain information 
specifying how pipeline operators and owners may respond to the 
emergency order, filing procedures, and service requirements, including 
the address of DOT Docket Operations and the names and addresses of all 
persons to be served if a petition for review is filed.
    (e) Rescission. If an emergency order has been in effect for more 
than 365 days, the Administrator will make an assessment regarding 
whether the unsafe condition or practice, or combination of unsafe 
conditions and practices, constituting or causing an imminent hazard, 
as defined in Sec.  190.3, continues to exist. If the imminent hazard 
does not continue to exist, the Administrator will rescind the 
emergency order and follow the service procedures set forth in Sec.  
190.236(d). If the imminent hazard underlying the emergency order 
continues to exist, PHMSA will initiate a rulemaking action as soon as 
practicable.

0
5. Revise Sec.  190.237 to read as follows:


Sec.  190.237  Emergency orders: Petitions for review.

    (a) Requirements. A pipeline owner or operator that is subject to 
and aggrieved by an emergency order may petition the Administrator for 
review to determine whether the order will remain in place, be 
modified, or be terminated. A petition for review must:
    (1) Be in writing;
    (2) State with particularity each part of the emergency order that 
is sought to be modified or terminated and include all information, 
evidence and arguments in support thereof;
    (3) State whether the petitioner requests a formal hearing in 
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 554, and, if so, any material facts in 
dispute; and,
    (4) Be filed and served in accordance with paragraph (h) of this 
section.
    (b) Modification of petitions. A petitioner may modify its petition 
for review to provide new information that materially affects the 
review proceeding and that is timely submitted. Where the petitioner 
has not requested a formal hearing, the Associate Administrator will 
make the determination whether to accept the new information. Where a 
case has been assigned for a formal hearing, the presiding 
administrative law judge will determine whether to accept the new 
information.
    (c) Response to the petition for review. An attorney designated by 
the Office of Chief Counsel may file and serve, in accordance with 
paragraph (h) of this section, a response to the petition, including 
appropriate pleadings, within five calendar days of receipt of the 
petition by the Chief Counsel.
    (d) Associate Administrator's responsibilities.--(1) Formal hearing 
requested. Upon receipt of a petition for review that includes a formal 
hearing request under this section, the Associate Administrator will, 
within three days after receipt of the petition, assign the petition to 
the Office of Hearings, DOT, for a formal hearing.
    (2) No formal hearing requested. Upon receipt of a petition for 
review that does not include a formal hearing request, the Associate 
Administrator will issue an administrative decision on the merits 
within 30 days of receipt of the petition for review. The Associate 
Administrator's decision constitutes the agency's final decision.
    (3) Consolidation. If the Associate Administrator receives more 
than one petition for review and they share common issues of law or 
fact, the Associate Administrator may consolidate the petitions for the 
purpose of complying with this section, provided such consolidation 
occurs prior to the commencement of a formal hearing. The Associate 
Administrator may reassign a petition that does not request a formal 
hearing to the Office of Hearings, DOT, provided the petition otherwise 
meets the requirements for consolidation. If the Associate 
Administrator has consolidated multiple petitions that do not request a 
formal hearing, he may de-consolidate such petitions if there has been 
a change in circumstances that, in his discretion, warrant separation 
for the purpose of rendering a final decision.
    (e) Formal Hearings. Formal hearings must be conducted by an 
administrative law judge assigned by the chief administrative law judge 
of the Office of Hearings, DOT. The administrative law judge may:
    (1) Administer oaths and affirmations;
    (2) Issue subpoenas as provided by the appropriate statutes and 
agency regulations (e.g., 49 U.S.C. 60117 and 49 CFR 190.7);
    (3) Adopt the relevant Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the 
United States District Courts for the procedures

[[Page 52028]]

governing the hearings, when appropriate;
    (4) Adopt the relevant Federal Rules of Evidence for United States 
Courts and Magistrates for the submission of evidence, when 
appropriate;
    (5) Take or cause depositions to be taken;
    (6) Examine witnesses at the hearing;
    (7) Rule on offers of proof and receive relevant evidence;
    (8) Convene, recess, adjourn or otherwise regulate the course of 
the hearing;
    (9) Hold conferences for settlement, simplification of the issues, 
or any other proper purpose; and
    (10) Take any other action authorized by or consistent with the 
provisions of this part and permitted by law that may expedite the 
hearing or aid in the disposition of an issue raised.
    (f) Parties. The petitioner may appear and be heard in person or by 
an authorized representative. PHMSA will be represented by an attorney 
designated by the Office of Chief Counsel.
    (g) Burden of proof. Except in the case of an affirmative defense, 
PHMSA shall bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the 
evidence, the validity of an emergency order in a proceeding under this 
section by a preponderance of the evidence. A party asserting an 
affirmative defense shall bear the burden of proving, by a 
preponderance of the evidence, the affirmative defense in a proceeding 
under this section.
    (h) Filing and service. (1) Each petition, pleading, motion, 
notice, order, or other document submitted in connection with an 
emergency order issued under this section must be filed (commercially 
delivered or submitted electronically) with: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, 
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. All 
documents filed will be published on the Department's docket management 
website, https://www.regulations.gov. The emergency order must state the 
above filing requirements and the address of DOT Docket Operations.
    (2) Each document filed in accordance with paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section must be concurrently served upon the following persons:
    (i) Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety, OPS, Pipeline and 
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of 
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, East Building, Washington, 
DC 20590;
    (ii) Chief Counsel, PHC, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey 
Avenue SE, East Building, Washington, DC 20590 (facsimile: 202-366-
7041); and
    (iii) If the petition for review requests a formal hearing, the 
Chief Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Department of Transportation, 
Office of Hearings, 1200 New Jersey Ave SE, c/o Mail Center (E11-310), 
Washington, DC 20590 (facsimile: 202-366-7536).
    (3) Service must be made in accordance with Sec.  190.5 of this 
part. The emergency order must state all relevant service requirements 
and list the persons to be served and may be updated as necessary.
    (4) Certificate of service. Each order, pleading, motion, notice, 
or other document must be accompanied by a certificate of service 
specifying the manner in which and the date on which service was made.
    (5) If applicable, service upon a person's duly authorized 
representative, agent for service, or an organization's president or 
chief executive officer constitutes service upon that person.
    (i) Report and recommendation. The administrative law judge must 
issue a report and recommendation to the Associate Administrator at the 
close of the record. The report and recommendation must:
    (1) Contain findings of fact and conclusions of law and the grounds 
for the decision, based on the material issues of fact or law presented 
on the record;
    (2) Be served on the parties to the proceeding; and
    (3) Be issued no later than 25 days after receipt of the petition 
for review by the Associate Administrator.
    (j) Petition for reconsideration. (1) A petitioner aggrieved by the 
administrative law judge's report and recommendation may file a 
petition for reconsideration with the Associate Administrator. The 
petition for reconsideration must be filed:
    (i) Not more than five days after the administrative law judge has 
issued a report and recommendation under paragraph (i) of this section, 
provided such report and recommendation is issued 20 days or less after 
the petition for review was filed with PHMSA; or
    (ii) Not more than two days after the administrative law judge has 
issued his or her report and recommendation under paragraph (h) of this 
section, where such report and recommendation are issued more than 20 
days after the petition for review was filed with PHMSA.
    (2) The Associate Administrator must issue a decision on a petition 
for reconsideration no later than 30 days after receipt of the petition 
for review. Such decision constitutes final agency action on a petition 
for review.
    (k) Judicial review. (1) After the issuance of a final agency 
decision pursuant to paragraphs (d)(2) or (j)(2) of this section, or 
the issuance of a written determination by the Administrator pursuant 
to paragraph (l) of this section, a pipeline owner or operator subject 
to and aggrieved by an emergency order issued under Sec.  190.236 may 
seek judicial review of the order in the appropriate district court of 
the United States. The filing of an action seeking judicial review does 
not stay or modify the force and effect of the agency's final decision 
under paragraphs (d)(2) or (j)(3) of this section, or the written 
determination under paragraph (l) of this section, unless stayed or 
modified by the Administrator.
    (l) Expiration of order. (1) No petition for review filed: If no 
petition for review is filed challenging the emergency order, then the 
emergency order shall remain in effect until PHMSA determines, in 
writing, that the imminent hazard no longer exists or the order is 
terminated by a court of competent jurisdiction.
    (2) Petition for review filed and decision rendered within 30 days. 
If the Associate Administrator renders a final decision upon a petition 
for review within 30 days of its receipt by PHMSA, any elements of the 
emergency order upheld or modified by the decision shall remain in 
effect until PHMSA determines, in writing, that the imminent hazard no 
longer exists or the order is terminated by a court of competent 
jurisdiction.
    (3) Petition for review filed but no decision rendered within 30 
days. If the Associate Administrator has not reached a decision on the 
petition for review within 30 days of receipt of the petition for 
review, the emergency order will cease to be effective unless the 
Administrator determines, in writing, that the imminent hazard 
providing a basis for the emergency order continues to exist.
    (m) Time. In computing any period of time prescribed by this 
section or an order or report and recommendation issued by an 
administrative law judge under this section, the day of filing of a 
petition for review or of any other act, event or default from which 
the designated period of time begins to run will not be included. The 
last day of the period so computed will be included, unless it is a 
Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event the

[[Page 52029]]

period runs until end of the next day which is not one of the 
aforementioned days.

    Issued in Washington, DC on September 16, 2019, under authority 
delegated in 49 CFR 1.97.
Howard R. Elliott,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2019-20308 Filed 9-90-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-60-P