Census Designated Places (CDPs) for the 2020 Census-Final Criteria, 56290-56293 [2018-24571]
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 219 / Tuesday, November 13, 2018 / Notices
for the NSCH. An additional 4,000
addresses will receive the screener card
in place of the traditional screener
instrument. They will have the option to
report only if there are children present
at the address or not. Respondents will
also have the option to report using the
web instrument. We anticipate that the
screener card instrument will reduce
respondent burden for households
without children and allow us to more
efficiently identify households with
children.
III. Data
OMB Control Number: 0607–0990.
Form Number(s): NSCH–S1 (English
Screener), NSCH–T1 (English Topical
for 0- to 5-year-old children), NSCH–T2
(English Topical for 6- to 11-year-old
children), NSCH–T3 (English Topical
for 12- to 17-year-old children), NSCH–
S–S1 (Spanish Screener), NSCH–S–T1
(Spanish Topical for 0- to 5-year-old
children), NSCH–S–T2 (Spanish Topical
for 6- to 11-year-old children), NSCH–
S–T3 (Spanish Topical for 12- to 17year-old children), and NSCH–SC1
(Screener Card—perforated).
Type of Review: Regular submission.
Affected Public: Parents, researchers,
policymakers, and family advocates.
Estimated Number of Respondents:
72,900 for the screener, 25,515 for the
topical, 2,000 for the screener card, and
400 screener card respondents using the
web instrument.
Estimated Time per Response: 5
minutes per screener response, 33
minutes per topical response, 2 minutes
per screener card response, and 38
minutes per screener card response
using the web instrument.
Estimated Total Annual Burden
Hours: 20,428 hours.
Estimated Total Annual Cost to
Public: $0 (This is not the cost of
respondents’ time, but the indirect costs
respondents may incur for such things
as purchases of specialized software or
hardware needed to report, or
expenditures for accounting or records
maintenance services required
specifically by the collection.)
Respondent’s Obligation: Voluntary.
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Legal Authority: Title 13 U.S.C. Section
8(b);42 U.S.C. 701; 1769d(a)(4)(B); 42 U.S.C.
241; 7 U.S.C. 136r(a); and 15 U.S.C. 2609.
IV. Request for Comments
Comments are invited on: (a) Whether
the proposed collection of information
is necessary for the proper performance
of the functions of the agency, including
whether the information shall have
practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the
agency’s estimate of the burden
(including hours and cost) of the
proposed collection of information; (c)
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ways to enhance the quality, utility, and
clarity of the information to be
collected; and (d) ways to minimize the
burden of the collection of information
on respondents, including through the
use of automated collection techniques
or other forms of information
technology.
Comments submitted in response to
this notice will be summarized and/or
included in the request for OMB
approval of this information collection;
they also will become a matter of public
record.
Sheleen Dumas,
Departmental Lead PRA Officer, Office of the
Chief Information Officer.
[FR Doc. 2018–24681 Filed 11–9–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510–07–P
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of the Census
[Docket Number 180927893–8893–01]
Census Designated Places (CDPs) for
the 2020 Census—Final Criteria
Bureau of the Census,
Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of final criteria and
program implementation.
AGENCY:
Census designated places
(CDPs) are statistical geographic entities
representing closely settled,
unincorporated communities that are
locally recognized and identified by
name. They are the statistical
equivalents of incorporated places, with
the primary differences being the lack of
a legally defined boundary and an
active, functioning governmental
structure, chartered by the state and
administered by elected officials. CDPs
defined for the 2020 Census will also be
used to tabulate American Community
Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey,
and Economic Census data after 2020,
and potentially data from other Bureau
of the Census (Census Bureau) censuses
and surveys. The Census Bureau is
publishing this notice in the Federal
Register to announce final criteria for
defining CDPs for the 2020 Census. In
addition to CDPs, the program also
encompasses the review and update of
census tracts, block groups, and census
county divisions.
DATES: This notice’s final criteria will be
applicable on December 13, 2018.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Requests for additional information on
this program should be directed to
Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards,
Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography
Division, U.S. Census Bureau, via email
SUMMARY:
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at geo.psap.list@census.gov or telephone
at 301–763–3056.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Census designated places (CDPs) 1 are
statistical geographic entities
representing closely settled,
unincorporated communities that are
locally recognized and identified by
name. They are the statistical
equivalents of incorporated places, with
the primary differences being the lack of
a legally defined boundary and an
active, functioning governmental
structure, chartered by the state and
administered by elected officials. CDPs
defined for the 2020 Census will also be
used to tabulate American Community
Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey,
and Economic Census data after 2020,
and potentially data from other Census
Bureau censuses and surveys.
The Census Bureau is publishing this
notice in the Federal Register to
announce final criteria for defining
CDPs for the 2020 Census. The Census
Bureau did not receive any comments in
response to proposed criteria published
in the Federal Register on February 15,
2018 (83 FR 6934). After publication of
final criteria in the Federal Register, the
Census Bureau will offer designated
governments or organizations an
opportunity to review and, if necessary,
suggest updates to the boundaries and
attributes of the CDPs in their
geographic area under the Participant
Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In
addition to CDPs, the program also
encompasses the review and update of
census tracts, block groups, and census
county divisions.
I. History
The CDP concept and delineation
criteria have evolved over the past seven
decades in response to data user needs
for place-level data. This evolution has
taken into account differences in the
way in which places were perceived,
and the propensity for places to
incorporate in various states. The result,
over time, has been an increase in the
number and types of unincorporated
communities identified as CDPs. This
also results in an increasing consistency
in the relationship between the CDP
concept and the kinds of places
encompassed by the incorporated place
category, or a compromise between
localized perceptions of place and a
concept that would be familiar to data
1 The term CDP includes comunidades and zonas
urbanas in Puerto Rico.
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 219 / Tuesday, November 13, 2018 / Notices
users throughout the United States,2
Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas.3
Although not as numerous as
incorporated places or municipalities,4
CDPs have been important geographic
entities since their introduction for the
1950 Census (CDPs were referred to as
‘‘unincorporated places’’ from 1950
through the 1970 decennial censuses).
For the 1950 Census, CDPs were defined
only outside urbanized areas and were
required to have at least 1,000 residents.
For the 1960 Census, CDPs could also be
identified inside urbanized areas
outside of New England, but these were
required to have at least 10,000
residents. The Census Bureau modified
the population threshold within
urbanized areas to 5,000 residents in
1970, allowed for CDPs in urbanized
areas in New England in 1980, and
lowered the threshold for CDPs within
urbanized areas to 2,500 in 1990. In
time, other population thresholds were
adopted for identification of CDPs in
Alaska, Puerto Rico, the Island Areas,
and on American Indian reservations
(AIRs). The Census Bureau eliminated
all population threshold requirements
for Census 2000, achieving consistency
between CDPs and incorporated places,
for which the Census Bureau
historically has published data without
regard to population size.
According to the 2010 Census, more
than 38.7 million people in the United
States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas
lived in CDPs. The relative importance
of CDPs varies from state to state
depending on laws governing municipal
incorporation and annexation, but also
depending on local preferences and
attitudes regarding the identification of
places.
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II. Summary of Comments Received in
Response to Proposed Criteria
The Census Bureau’s proposed
criteria for the 2020 Census were
unchanged from the final criteria used
to delineate CDPs for the 2010 Census.
The Census Bureau did not receive any
comments in response to the proposed
criteria published in the Federal
2 For Census Bureau purposes, the United States
typically refers to only the fifty states and the
District of Columbia, and does not include the U.S.
territories (Puerto Rico, the Island Areas, and the
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands).
3 The Island Areas include the U.S. territories
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands. There are no CDPs in American
Samoa or the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands because villages are considered
incorporated places and cover the entire territory
and population in each territory
4 Known by various terms throughout the United
States: Cities, towns (except in the six New England
states, New York, and Wisconsin), villages, and
boroughs (except in New York and Alaska).
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Register on February 15, 2018 (83 FR
6934). As a result, the proposed criteria
are adopted as final criteria without
change.
III. CDP Criteria and Guidelines for the
2020 Census
The criteria outlined herein apply to
the United States, including AIRs and
off-reservation trust lands, Puerto Rico,
and the Island Areas. In accordance
with the final criteria, the Census
Bureau may modify and, if necessary,
reject any proposals for CDPs that do
not meet the established criteria. In
addition, the Census Bureau reserves
the right to modify the boundaries and
attributes of CDPs as needed to maintain
geographic relationships before the final
tabulation geography is set for the 2020
Census.
The Census Bureau proposes the
following criteria and guidelines for use
in identifying the areas that will qualify
for designation as CDPs for use in
tabulating data from the 2020 Census,
the American Community Survey, the
Puerto Rico Community Survey, the
Economic Census, and potentially other
Census Bureau censuses and surveys.
1. A CDP constitutes a single, closely
settled center of population that is
named. To the extent possible,
individual unincorporated communities
should be identified as separate CDPs.
Similarly, a single community should be
defined as a single CDP rather than
multiple CDPs with each part
referencing the community name and a
directional term (i.e., north, south, east,
or west). Since a CDP is defined to
provide data for a single, named
locality, the Census Bureau generally
will not accept combinations of places
and hyphenated place names defined as
a CDP. In the past, communities were
often combined as a single CDP in order
to comply with the Census Bureau’s
former minimum population
requirements. The Census Bureau’s
elimination of population threshold
criteria starting with Census 2000 made
such combinations unnecessary. Other
communities were combined because
visible features were not available for
use as boundaries for separate CDPs.
The Census Bureau’s policy to allow the
use of some nonvisible boundaries so
that participants can separate individual
communities has dispensed with the
need to have multi-place CDPs.
Multiple communities may only be
combined to form a single CDP when
the identities of these communities have
become so intertwined that the
communities are commonly perceived
and referenced as a single place. For
example, the communities of Arden and
Arcade in California have grown
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together over time and residents
commonly use the place name ArdenArcade. Further, because of the
intertwined identity, residents would
have difficulty identifying a boundary
between the separate, historical
communities of Arden and Arcade.
Multiple communities may also be
defined as a single CDP when there are
no distinguishable or suitable features
in the landscape that can be used as a
boundary between the communities,
even if the two communities still have
separate identities. For example, the
CDP of Ashton-Sandy Spring in
Maryland encompasses two
communities that still maintain separate
identities in common, daily usage. The
two communities, however, have grown
together to such an extent that a clear
break between the two communities is
no longer identifiable in the landscape.
In general, when considering whether to
combine multiple communities as a
single CDP, the following questions
should be taken into account:
• Do residents commonly perceive
and refer to the communities as a single
entity?
• Are there landscape elements, such
as signs, that use a hyphenated name for
the community?
• Can residents or other
knowledgeable individuals identify
clear, commonly accepted boundaries
for the individual communities?
2. A CDP generally consists of a
contiguous cluster of census blocks
comprising a single piece of territory
and containing a mix of residential,
nonresidential, and commercial uses
similar to that of an incorporated place
of similar size. Some CDPs, however,
may be predominantly residential; such
places should represent recognizably
distinct, locally known communities,
but not typical suburban subdivisions.
Examples of such predominantly
residential communities that can be
recognized as CDPs are colonias, small
rural communities, and unincorporated
resort and retirement communities.
3. A CDP may not be located, either
partially or entirely, within an
incorporated place or another CDP.
4. A CDP may be located in more than
one county but must not cross state
boundaries. It is important to note,
however, that since county boundaries
provide important demarcations for
communities, CDPs that cross county
lines should be kept to a minimum and
identified only when the community
clearly sees itself existing on both sides
of a county boundary.
5. There are no minimum population
or housing unit thresholds for defining
CDPs; however, a CDP must contain
some population or housing units or
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both. For the 2020 Census, the Census
Bureau will not accept a CDP delineated
with zero population and zero housing
units. The Census Bureau recognizes
that some communities, such as a resort
or other kinds of seasonal communities,
may lack population at certain times of
the year. Nevertheless, there should be
some evidence, generally in the form of
houses, barracks, dormitories,
commercial buildings and/or other
nonresidential structures, providing the
basis for local perception of the place’s
existence. The Census Bureau will
review the number of housing units
within the place, as reported in the
previous decennial census or as seen in
imagery, and consider whether
additional information is needed before
recognizing the CDP. Participants
submitting boundaries for places with
less than ten housing units may be
asked to provide additional information
attesting to the existence of the CDP.
6. CDP boundaries should follow
visible features, except in those
circumstances when a CDP’s boundary
is coincident with the nonvisible
boundary of a state, county, minor civil
division (in the six New England states,
Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin), or
incorporated place. CDP boundaries
may follow other nonvisible features in
instances where reliance upon visible
features would result in overbounding
of the CDP in order to include housing
units on both sides of a road or street
feature. Such boundaries might include
parcel boundaries and public land
survey system lines; fence lines;
national, state, or local park boundaries;
ridgelines; or drainage ditches.
7. The CDP name should be one that
is recognized and used in daily
communication by the residents of the
community. Because unincorporated
communities generally lack legally
defined boundaries, a commonly used
community name and the geographic
extent of its use by local residents is
often the best identifier of the extent of
a place, the assumption being that if
residents associate with a particular
name and use it to identify the place in
which they live, then the CDP’s
boundaries can be mapped based on the
use of the name. There should be
features in the landscape that use the
name, such that a non-resident would
have a general sense of the location or
extent of the community; for example,
signs indicating when one is entering
the community; highway exit signs that
use the name; or businesses, schools, or
other buildings that make use of the
name. It should not be a name
developed solely for planning or other
purposes (including simply to obtain
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data from the Census Bureau) that is not
in regular daily use by the local
residents and business establishments.
8. A CDP may not have the same
name as an adjacent or nearby
incorporated place. If the community
does not have a name that distinguishes
it from other nearby communities, then
the community is not a distinct place.
The use of directional terms (‘‘north’’,
‘‘south’’, ‘‘east’’, ‘‘west’’, and so forth) to
merely differentiate the name of a CDP
from a nearby municipality where this
name is not in local use is not
acceptable. For example, the name
‘‘North Laurel’’ would be permitted if
this name were in local use. The name
‘‘Laurel North’’ would not be permitted
if it were not in local use. Again, this
has much to do with the way in which
people typically refer to the places in
which they live. It is permissible to
change the name of a 2010 CDP for the
2020 Census if the new name provides
a better identification of the community.
IV. Definitions of Key Terms
American Indian off-reservation trust
land—An area of land located outside
the boundaries of an AIR, whose
boundaries are established by deed, and
which are held in trust by the U.S.
federal government for a federally
recognized American Indian tribe or
members of that tribe.
American Indian reservation (AIR)—
An area of land with boundaries
established by final treaty, statute,
executive order, and/or court order and
over which a federally recognized
American Indian tribal government has
governmental authority. Along with
‘‘reservation,’’ designations such as
colonies, communities, pueblos,
rancherias, and reserves apply to AIRs.
Census block—A geographic area
bounded by visible and/or invisible
features shown on a map prepared by
the Census Bureau. A block is the
smallest geographic entity for which the
Census Bureau tabulates and publishes
decennial census data.
Coextensive—A description of two or
more geographic entities that cover
exactly the same area, with all
boundaries shared.
Colonia—A small, generally
unincorporated community located in
one of the states on the U.S.-Mexico
border where residents often build or
provide their own housing and that
usually lacks utilities, paved roads, and
other infrastructure typically found
other similarly sized communities.
Comunidad—A CDP in Puerto Rico
that is not related to a municipio’s seat
of government, called an aldea or a
ciudad prior to the 1990 Census.
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Contiguous—A description of areas
sharing common boundary lines, more
than a single point, such that the areas,
when combined, form a single piece of
territory. Noncontiguous areas form
disjoint pieces.
Housing unit—A house, an apartment,
a mobile home or trailer, or a group of
rooms or a single room occupied as a
separate living quarter or, if vacant,
intended for occupancy as a separate
living quarter. Separate living quarters
are those in which the occupants live
and eat separately from any other
residents of the building and which
have direct access from outside the
building or through a common hall.
Incorporated place—A type of
governmental unit, incorporated under
state law as a city, town (except in New
England, New York, and Wisconsin),
borough (except in Alaska and New
York), or village, generally to provide
governmental services for a
concentration of people within legally
prescribed boundaries.
Minor civil division (MCD)—The
primary governmental or administrative
division of a county in 28 states and the
Island Areas having legal boundaries,
names, and descriptions. The MCDs
represent many different types of legal
entities with a wide variety of
characteristics, powers, and functions
depending on the state and type of
MCD. In some states, some or all of the
incorporated places also constitute
MCDs.
Municipio—A type of governmental
unit that is the primary legal
subdivision of Puerto Rico. The Census
Bureau treats the municipio as the
statistical equivalent of a county.
Nonvisible feature—A map feature
that is not visible on the ground and in
imagery such as a city or county
boundary through space, a property
line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.
Statistical geographic entity—A
geographic entity that is specially
defined and delineated, such as block
group, CDP, or census tract, so that the
Census Bureau may tabulate data for it.
Designation as a statistical entity neither
conveys nor confers legal ownership,
entitlement, or jurisdictional authority.
Urbanized area (UA)—An area
consisting of a central place(s) and
adjacent urban fringe that together have
a minimum residential population of at
least 50,000 people and generally an
overall population density of at least
1,000 people per square mile. The
Census Bureau uses published criteria
to determine the qualification and
boundaries of UAs at the time of each
decennial census.
Visible feature—A map feature that
can be seen on the ground and in
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imagery, such as a road, railroad track,
major above-ground transmission line or
pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence,
sharply defined mountain ridge, or cliff.
A nonstandard visible feature is a
feature that may not be clearly defined
on the ground (such as a ridge), may be
seasonal (such as an intermittent
stream), or may be relatively
impermanent (such as a fence). The
Census Bureau generally requests
verification that nonstandard features
used as boundaries for the PSAP
geographic areas pose no problem in
their location during field work.
Zona urbana—In Puerto Rico, the
settled area functioning as the seat of
government for a municipio. A zona
urbana cannot cross a municipio
boundary.
Dated: October 30, 2018.
Ron S. Jarmin,
Deputy Director, Performing the NonExclusive Functions and Duties of the
Director, Bureau of the Census.
[FR Doc. 2018–24571 Filed 11–9–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510–07–P
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of the Census
[Docket Number 180926886–8886–01]
Block Groups for the 2020 Census—
Final Criteria
Bureau of the Census,
Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of final criteria and
program implementation.
AGENCY:
Block groups are statistical
geographic subdivisions of a census
tract defined for the tabulation and
presentation of data from the decennial
census and selected other statistical
programs. Block groups also will be
used to tabulate and publish estimates
from the American Community Survey
(ACS) after 2020 and potentially data
from other Bureau of the Census
(Census Bureau) censuses and surveys.
The Census Bureau is publishing this
notice in the Federal Register to
announce final criteria for defining
block groups for the 2020 Census
Participant Statistical Areas Program
(PSAP). In addition to block groups, the
program also encompasses the review
and update of census tracts, census
designated places, and census county
divisions.
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SUMMARY:
This notice’s final criteria will be
applicable on December 13, 2018.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Requests for additional information on
this program should be directed to
DATES:
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Vincent Osier at the Geographic
Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch,
Geography Division, U.S. Census
Bureau, via email at geo.psap.list@
census.gov or by telephone at 301–763–
3056.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Block groups are statistical geographic
subdivisions of a census tract defined
for the tabulation and presentation of
data from the decennial census and
selected other statistical programs.
Block groups also will be used to
tabulate and publish estimates from the
American Community Survey (ACS) 1
after 2020 and potentially data from
other Bureau of the Census (Census
Bureau) censuses and surveys.
The Census Bureau is publishing this
notice in the Federal Register to
announce final criteria for defining
block groups for the 2020 Census. In
addition to providing final criteria for
block groups, this notice also contains a
summary of comments received in
response to proposed criteria published
in the Federal Register on February 15,
2018 (83 FR 6937), as well as the Census
Bureau’s response to those comments.
After publication of this final criteria in
the Federal Register, the Census Bureau
will offer designated governments or
organizations an opportunity to review
and, if necessary, suggest updates to the
boundaries and attributes of the block
groups in their geographic area under
the Participant Statistical Areas Program
(PSAP). In addition to block groups, the
program also encompasses the review
and update of census tracts, census
designated places, and census county
divisions. The Census Bureau published
a notice, explaining PSAP process and
participation, in the Federal Register on
November 28, 2017 (82 FR 56208).
I. History of Block Groups
The Census Bureau first delineated
block groups as statistical geographic
divisions of census tracts for the 1970
Census, comprising contiguous
combinations of census blocks for data
presentation purposes. At that time,
census block groups only existed in
urbanized areas in which census blocks
were defined. Block groups were
defined without regard to political and
administrative boundaries, with an
average population of 1,000, and to be
approximately equal in area.
1 The ACS is conducted in the United States and
in Puerto Rico. In Puerto Rico the survey is called
the Puerto Rico Community Survey. For ease of
discussion, throughout this document the term ACS
is used to represent the surveys conducted in the
United States and in Puerto Rico.
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56293
As use of census block, block group,
and census tract data increased among
data users, the Census Bureau expanded
these programs to cover additional
geographic areas while redefining the
population threshold criteria to more
adequately suit data users’ needs. The
1990 Census was the first in which
census blocks and block groups were
defined throughout the entirety of the
United States, Puerto Rico, and the
Island Areas. For the 2000 Census, as
with census tracts, the Census Bureau
increased the number of geographic
areas whose boundaries could be used
as block group boundaries, and allowed
tribal governments of federally
recognized American Indian tribes with
a reservation and/or off-reservation trust
lands to delineate tribal block groups
without regard to state and/or county
boundaries, provided the tribe had a
1990 Census population of at least
1,000.
For the 2010 Census, the Census
Bureau adopted changes to block group
criteria that recognized their utility as a
framework of small geographic areas
and established tribal block groups as a
geographic framework for presenting
and analyzing statistical and other data
for a variety of communities, settlement
patterns, and landscapes. The Census
Bureau augmented its minimum and
maximum population threshold with
housing unit thresholds for use in
defining block groups for seasonal
communities that have no or low
population on census day (April 1). In
addition, the Census Bureau formalized
criteria for block groups defined for
employment centers, airports, parks,
large water bodies, and other special
land uses that had been permitted in
previous decades, but never specified
within the criteria. The Census Bureau
also established tribal block groups as a
geographic framework defined within
federally recognized American Indian
reservations and off-reservation trust
lands that is fully separate from the
standard block groups defined within
counties.
II. Summary of Comments Received in
Response to the Proposed Criteria
The Federal Register notice published
on February 15, 2018 (83 FR 6937)
requested comment on the proposed
block group criteria for the 2020 Census.
The proposed criteria were unchanged
from the final criteria adopted for the
2010 Census.
The Census Bureau received
comments from 16 individuals on one
or more topics related to (1) use of nonvisible political boundaries when
defining block groups, (2) use of
employment data to define block groups
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 219 (Tuesday, November 13, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 56290-56293]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-24571]
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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of the Census
[Docket Number 180927893-8893-01]
Census Designated Places (CDPs) for the 2020 Census--Final
Criteria
AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of final criteria and program implementation.
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SUMMARY: Census designated places (CDPs) are statistical geographic
entities representing closely settled, unincorporated communities that
are locally recognized and identified by name. They are the statistical
equivalents of incorporated places, with the primary differences being
the lack of a legally defined boundary and an active, functioning
governmental structure, chartered by the state and administered by
elected officials. CDPs defined for the 2020 Census will also be used
to tabulate American Community Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey,
and Economic Census data after 2020, and potentially data from other
Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau) censuses and surveys. The Census
Bureau is publishing this notice in the Federal Register to announce
final criteria for defining CDPs for the 2020 Census. In addition to
CDPs, the program also encompasses the review and update of census
tracts, block groups, and census county divisions.
DATES: This notice's final criteria will be applicable on December 13,
2018.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information on
this program should be directed to Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards,
Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau,
via email at [email protected] or telephone at 301-763-3056.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Census designated places (CDPs) \1\ are statistical geographic
entities representing closely settled, unincorporated communities that
are locally recognized and identified by name. They are the statistical
equivalents of incorporated places, with the primary differences being
the lack of a legally defined boundary and an active, functioning
governmental structure, chartered by the state and administered by
elected officials. CDPs defined for the 2020 Census will also be used
to tabulate American Community Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey,
and Economic Census data after 2020, and potentially data from other
Census Bureau censuses and surveys.
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\1\ The term CDP includes comunidades and zonas urbanas in
Puerto Rico.
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The Census Bureau is publishing this notice in the Federal Register
to announce final criteria for defining CDPs for the 2020 Census. The
Census Bureau did not receive any comments in response to proposed
criteria published in the Federal Register on February 15, 2018 (83 FR
6934). After publication of final criteria in the Federal Register, the
Census Bureau will offer designated governments or organizations an
opportunity to review and, if necessary, suggest updates to the
boundaries and attributes of the CDPs in their geographic area under
the Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In addition to CDPs,
the program also encompasses the review and update of census tracts,
block groups, and census county divisions.
I. History
The CDP concept and delineation criteria have evolved over the past
seven decades in response to data user needs for place-level data. This
evolution has taken into account differences in the way in which places
were perceived, and the propensity for places to incorporate in various
states. The result, over time, has been an increase in the number and
types of unincorporated communities identified as CDPs. This also
results in an increasing consistency in the relationship between the
CDP concept and the kinds of places encompassed by the incorporated
place category, or a compromise between localized perceptions of place
and a concept that would be familiar to data
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users throughout the United States,\2\ Puerto Rico, and the Island
Areas.\3\
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\2\ For Census Bureau purposes, the United States typically
refers to only the fifty states and the District of Columbia, and
does not include the U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, the Island
Areas, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands).
\3\ The Island Areas include the U.S. territories American
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and
the U.S. Virgin Islands. There are no CDPs in American Samoa or the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands because villages are
considered incorporated places and cover the entire territory and
population in each territory
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Although not as numerous as incorporated places or
municipalities,\4\ CDPs have been important geographic entities since
their introduction for the 1950 Census (CDPs were referred to as
``unincorporated places'' from 1950 through the 1970 decennial
censuses). For the 1950 Census, CDPs were defined only outside
urbanized areas and were required to have at least 1,000 residents. For
the 1960 Census, CDPs could also be identified inside urbanized areas
outside of New England, but these were required to have at least 10,000
residents. The Census Bureau modified the population threshold within
urbanized areas to 5,000 residents in 1970, allowed for CDPs in
urbanized areas in New England in 1980, and lowered the threshold for
CDPs within urbanized areas to 2,500 in 1990. In time, other population
thresholds were adopted for identification of CDPs in Alaska, Puerto
Rico, the Island Areas, and on American Indian reservations (AIRs). The
Census Bureau eliminated all population threshold requirements for
Census 2000, achieving consistency between CDPs and incorporated
places, for which the Census Bureau historically has published data
without regard to population size.
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\4\ Known by various terms throughout the United States: Cities,
towns (except in the six New England states, New York, and
Wisconsin), villages, and boroughs (except in New York and Alaska).
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According to the 2010 Census, more than 38.7 million people in the
United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas lived in CDPs. The
relative importance of CDPs varies from state to state depending on
laws governing municipal incorporation and annexation, but also
depending on local preferences and attitudes regarding the
identification of places.
II. Summary of Comments Received in Response to Proposed Criteria
The Census Bureau's proposed criteria for the 2020 Census were
unchanged from the final criteria used to delineate CDPs for the 2010
Census. The Census Bureau did not receive any comments in response to
the proposed criteria published in the Federal Register on February 15,
2018 (83 FR 6934). As a result, the proposed criteria are adopted as
final criteria without change.
III. CDP Criteria and Guidelines for the 2020 Census
The criteria outlined herein apply to the United States, including
AIRs and off-reservation trust lands, Puerto Rico, and the Island
Areas. In accordance with the final criteria, the Census Bureau may
modify and, if necessary, reject any proposals for CDPs that do not
meet the established criteria. In addition, the Census Bureau reserves
the right to modify the boundaries and attributes of CDPs as needed to
maintain geographic relationships before the final tabulation geography
is set for the 2020 Census.
The Census Bureau proposes the following criteria and guidelines
for use in identifying the areas that will qualify for designation as
CDPs for use in tabulating data from the 2020 Census, the American
Community Survey, the Puerto Rico Community Survey, the Economic
Census, and potentially other Census Bureau censuses and surveys.
1. A CDP constitutes a single, closely settled center of population
that is named. To the extent possible, individual unincorporated
communities should be identified as separate CDPs. Similarly, a single
community should be defined as a single CDP rather than multiple CDPs
with each part referencing the community name and a directional term
(i.e., north, south, east, or west). Since a CDP is defined to provide
data for a single, named locality, the Census Bureau generally will not
accept combinations of places and hyphenated place names defined as a
CDP. In the past, communities were often combined as a single CDP in
order to comply with the Census Bureau's former minimum population
requirements. The Census Bureau's elimination of population threshold
criteria starting with Census 2000 made such combinations unnecessary.
Other communities were combined because visible features were not
available for use as boundaries for separate CDPs. The Census Bureau's
policy to allow the use of some nonvisible boundaries so that
participants can separate individual communities has dispensed with the
need to have multi-place CDPs.
Multiple communities may only be combined to form a single CDP when
the identities of these communities have become so intertwined that the
communities are commonly perceived and referenced as a single place.
For example, the communities of Arden and Arcade in California have
grown together over time and residents commonly use the place name
Arden-Arcade. Further, because of the intertwined identity, residents
would have difficulty identifying a boundary between the separate,
historical communities of Arden and Arcade. Multiple communities may
also be defined as a single CDP when there are no distinguishable or
suitable features in the landscape that can be used as a boundary
between the communities, even if the two communities still have
separate identities. For example, the CDP of Ashton-Sandy Spring in
Maryland encompasses two communities that still maintain separate
identities in common, daily usage. The two communities, however, have
grown together to such an extent that a clear break between the two
communities is no longer identifiable in the landscape. In general,
when considering whether to combine multiple communities as a single
CDP, the following questions should be taken into account:
Do residents commonly perceive and refer to the
communities as a single entity?
Are there landscape elements, such as signs, that use a
hyphenated name for the community?
Can residents or other knowledgeable individuals identify
clear, commonly accepted boundaries for the individual communities?
2. A CDP generally consists of a contiguous cluster of census
blocks comprising a single piece of territory and containing a mix of
residential, nonresidential, and commercial uses similar to that of an
incorporated place of similar size. Some CDPs, however, may be
predominantly residential; such places should represent recognizably
distinct, locally known communities, but not typical suburban
subdivisions. Examples of such predominantly residential communities
that can be recognized as CDPs are colonias, small rural communities,
and unincorporated resort and retirement communities.
3. A CDP may not be located, either partially or entirely, within
an incorporated place or another CDP.
4. A CDP may be located in more than one county but must not cross
state boundaries. It is important to note, however, that since county
boundaries provide important demarcations for communities, CDPs that
cross county lines should be kept to a minimum and identified only when
the community clearly sees itself existing on both sides of a county
boundary.
5. There are no minimum population or housing unit thresholds for
defining CDPs; however, a CDP must contain some population or housing
units or
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both. For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will not accept a CDP
delineated with zero population and zero housing units. The Census
Bureau recognizes that some communities, such as a resort or other
kinds of seasonal communities, may lack population at certain times of
the year. Nevertheless, there should be some evidence, generally in the
form of houses, barracks, dormitories, commercial buildings and/or
other nonresidential structures, providing the basis for local
perception of the place's existence. The Census Bureau will review the
number of housing units within the place, as reported in the previous
decennial census or as seen in imagery, and consider whether additional
information is needed before recognizing the CDP. Participants
submitting boundaries for places with less than ten housing units may
be asked to provide additional information attesting to the existence
of the CDP.
6. CDP boundaries should follow visible features, except in those
circumstances when a CDP's boundary is coincident with the nonvisible
boundary of a state, county, minor civil division (in the six New
England states, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin), or incorporated place. CDP boundaries may
follow other nonvisible features in instances where reliance upon
visible features would result in overbounding of the CDP in order to
include housing units on both sides of a road or street feature. Such
boundaries might include parcel boundaries and public land survey
system lines; fence lines; national, state, or local park boundaries;
ridgelines; or drainage ditches.
7. The CDP name should be one that is recognized and used in daily
communication by the residents of the community. Because unincorporated
communities generally lack legally defined boundaries, a commonly used
community name and the geographic extent of its use by local residents
is often the best identifier of the extent of a place, the assumption
being that if residents associate with a particular name and use it to
identify the place in which they live, then the CDP's boundaries can be
mapped based on the use of the name. There should be features in the
landscape that use the name, such that a non-resident would have a
general sense of the location or extent of the community; for example,
signs indicating when one is entering the community; highway exit signs
that use the name; or businesses, schools, or other buildings that make
use of the name. It should not be a name developed solely for planning
or other purposes (including simply to obtain data from the Census
Bureau) that is not in regular daily use by the local residents and
business establishments.
8. A CDP may not have the same name as an adjacent or nearby
incorporated place. If the community does not have a name that
distinguishes it from other nearby communities, then the community is
not a distinct place. The use of directional terms (``north'',
``south'', ``east'', ``west'', and so forth) to merely differentiate
the name of a CDP from a nearby municipality where this name is not in
local use is not acceptable. For example, the name ``North Laurel''
would be permitted if this name were in local use. The name ``Laurel
North'' would not be permitted if it were not in local use. Again, this
has much to do with the way in which people typically refer to the
places in which they live. It is permissible to change the name of a
2010 CDP for the 2020 Census if the new name provides a better
identification of the community.
IV. Definitions of Key Terms
American Indian off-reservation trust land--An area of land located
outside the boundaries of an AIR, whose boundaries are established by
deed, and which are held in trust by the U.S. federal government for a
federally recognized American Indian tribe or members of that tribe.
American Indian reservation (AIR)--An area of land with boundaries
established by final treaty, statute, executive order, and/or court
order and over which a federally recognized American Indian tribal
government has governmental authority. Along with ``reservation,''
designations such as colonies, communities, pueblos, rancherias, and
reserves apply to AIRs.
Census block--A geographic area bounded by visible and/or invisible
features shown on a map prepared by the Census Bureau. A block is the
smallest geographic entity for which the Census Bureau tabulates and
publishes decennial census data.
Coextensive--A description of two or more geographic entities that
cover exactly the same area, with all boundaries shared.
Colonia--A small, generally unincorporated community located in one
of the states on the U.S.-Mexico border where residents often build or
provide their own housing and that usually lacks utilities, paved
roads, and other infrastructure typically found other similarly sized
communities.
Comunidad--A CDP in Puerto Rico that is not related to a
municipio's seat of government, called an aldea or a ciudad prior to
the 1990 Census.
Contiguous--A description of areas sharing common boundary lines,
more than a single point, such that the areas, when combined, form a
single piece of territory. Noncontiguous areas form disjoint pieces.
Housing unit--A house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, or a
group of rooms or a single room occupied as a separate living quarter
or, if vacant, intended for occupancy as a separate living quarter.
Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat
separately from any other residents of the building and which have
direct access from outside the building or through a common hall.
Incorporated place--A type of governmental unit, incorporated under
state law as a city, town (except in New England, New York, and
Wisconsin), borough (except in Alaska and New York), or village,
generally to provide governmental services for a concentration of
people within legally prescribed boundaries.
Minor civil division (MCD)--The primary governmental or
administrative division of a county in 28 states and the Island Areas
having legal boundaries, names, and descriptions. The MCDs represent
many different types of legal entities with a wide variety of
characteristics, powers, and functions depending on the state and type
of MCD. In some states, some or all of the incorporated places also
constitute MCDs.
Municipio--A type of governmental unit that is the primary legal
subdivision of Puerto Rico. The Census Bureau treats the municipio as
the statistical equivalent of a county.
Nonvisible feature--A map feature that is not visible on the ground
and in imagery such as a city or county boundary through space, a
property line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.
Statistical geographic entity--A geographic entity that is
specially defined and delineated, such as block group, CDP, or census
tract, so that the Census Bureau may tabulate data for it. Designation
as a statistical entity neither conveys nor confers legal ownership,
entitlement, or jurisdictional authority.
Urbanized area (UA)--An area consisting of a central place(s) and
adjacent urban fringe that together have a minimum residential
population of at least 50,000 people and generally an overall
population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile. The Census
Bureau uses published criteria to determine the qualification and
boundaries of UAs at the time of each decennial census.
Visible feature--A map feature that can be seen on the ground and
in
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imagery, such as a road, railroad track, major above-ground
transmission line or pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence, sharply
defined mountain ridge, or cliff. A nonstandard visible feature is a
feature that may not be clearly defined on the ground (such as a
ridge), may be seasonal (such as an intermittent stream), or may be
relatively impermanent (such as a fence). The Census Bureau generally
requests verification that nonstandard features used as boundaries for
the PSAP geographic areas pose no problem in their location during
field work.
Zona urbana--In Puerto Rico, the settled area functioning as the
seat of government for a municipio. A zona urbana cannot cross a
municipio boundary.
Dated: October 30, 2018.
Ron S. Jarmin,
Deputy Director, Performing the Non-Exclusive Functions and Duties of
the Director, Bureau of the Census.
[FR Doc. 2018-24571 Filed 11-9-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-07-P
