Air Quality Plans; Pennsylvania; Lebanon County 2012 Fine Particulate Matter Standard Determination of Attainment, 9435-9438 [2018-04424]
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 44 / Tuesday, March 6, 2018 / Rules and Regulations
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www.regulations.gov, or please contact
the person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section for
additional availability information.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Gavin Huang, (215) 814–2042, or by
email at huang.gavin@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
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Tracy A. Quinlan,
Attorney, Federal Compliance.
[FR Doc. 2018–04449 Filed 3–5–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7710–12–C
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA–R03–OAR–2017–0479; FRL–9975–
00—Region 3]
Air Quality Plans; Pennsylvania;
Lebanon County 2012 Fine Particulate
Matter Standard Determination of
Attainment
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is making a final
determination that the Lebanon County,
Pennsylvania nonattainment area (the
Lebanon County Area) has attained the
2012 annual fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) national ambient air quality
standards (NAAQS). This determination
of attainment, also known as a clean
data determination, is based on quality
assured and certified ambient air quality
data for the 2014–2016 monitoring
period. The effect of this determination
of attainment suspends certain planning
requirements for the area, including the
requirement to submit an attainment
demonstration and associated
reasonably available control measures
(RACM), a reasonable further progress
(RFP) plan, and contingency measures.
These requirements would be
suspended for as long as the area
continues to meet the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS. This action is not a
redesignation to attainment for the area.
This action is being taken under the
Clean Air Act (CAA).
DATES: This final rule is effective on
April 5, 2018.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a
docket for this action under Docket ID
Number EPA–R03–OAR–2017–0479. All
documents in the docket are listed on
the https://www.regulations.gov website.
Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available,
e.g., confidential business information
(CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute.
Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on
the internet and will be publicly
available only in hard copy form.
Publicly available docket materials are
available through https://
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SUMMARY:
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I. Background
On November 2, 2017 (82 FR 50851),
EPA published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPR) for the Lebanon
County Area. In the NPR, EPA proposed
to determine that the Lebanon County
Area attained the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS.
Under EPA’s longstanding Clean Data
Policy,1 which was codified in EPA’s
Clean Air Fine Particulate
Implementation Rule (72 FR 20586,
April 25, 2007), EPA may issue a
determination of attainment after notice
and comment rulemaking determining
that a specific area is attaining the
relevant standard. See 40 CFR 51.1004.
The effect of a clean data determination
is to suspend the requirement for the
area to submit an attainment
demonstration, RACM, RFP plan,
contingency measures, and any other
planning State Implementation Plans
(SIPs) related to attainment for as long
as the area continues to attain the
standard. In EPA’s Fine Particulate
Matter National Ambient Air Quality
Standards: State Implementation Plan
Requirements final rule (81 FR 58010,
August 24, 2016), EPA reaffirmed the
Clean Data Policy at 40 CFR 51.1015.
II. EPA’s Evaluation
Under EPA regulations at 40 CFR part
50, section 50.18 and appendix N, the
annual primary PM2.5 standard is met
when the 3-year average of PM2.5 annual
mean mass concentrations for each
eligible monitoring site is less than or
equal to 12.0 micrograms per cubic
meter (mg/m3). Three years of valid
annual means are required to produce a
valid annual PM2.5 NAAQS design
value.
Consistent with the requirements of
40 CFR part 50, section 50.18 and
appendix N, EPA determined the
Lebanon County Area has attained the
2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. The
certified annual design value for 2014–
2016 is 11.2 mg/m3, which is below the
2012 annual primary PM2.5 standard of
12.0 mg/m3.
The specific requirements of this
determination of attainment and the
rationale for EPA’s proposed action,
1 ‘‘Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle National
Ambient Air Quality Standards,’’ Memorandum
from Stephen D. Page, December 14, 2004.
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including how the annual design value
for 2014–2016 was calculated, are
explained in the NPR and will not be
restated here. EPA received comments
that are addressed in Section III of this
rulemaking action.
III. Public Comments and EPA’s
Responses
EPA received adverse comments from
one commenter, the Clean Air Council
(hereinafter referred to as the
‘‘Commenter’’). The Commenter
expressed concern about EPA’s
calculations performed for this
determination of attainment. The
Commenter states, ‘‘EPA should perform
its calculations again and provide
explanations for its conclusions, which
were not substantiated by the
background documents in the
rulemaking docket.’’ EPA provided its
explanations and support for the
determination of attainment in the NPR
and explained the certified annual
design value for 2014–2016 is 11.2 mg/
m3, which is below the 2012 annual
primary PM2.5 standard of 12.0 mg/m3.
The Commenter’s specific concerns are
summarized and addressed in this
section.
Comment 1: For the 2015 annual
mean, the Commenter confirmed the
annual mean calculation from EPA but
had comments regarding data from the
second quarter of 2015. The Commenter
noted there was only monitored data for
64 of the 91 days in the quarter which
led EPA to conduct a ‘‘data
completeness test.’’ The Commenter
states that ‘‘EPA substituted 30.5
micrograms per cubic meter for each of
the 27 days of missing data, based on
the premise that this figure was the
highest daily average in the second
quarters of 2014, 2015, and 2016’’ and
stated that this figure was the daily
average for June 11, 2015, during the
second quarter of 2015. The Commenter
states that EPA does not acknowledge
that there was actually a higher daily
value of 34 mg/m3 on May 11, 2016,
during the second quarter of 2016 based
on data Commenter obtained from an
EPA website.2 The Commenter states
that it is possible that EPA excluded this
figure under the rationale that there was
an ‘‘extraordinary event.’’ The
Commenter also notes there was
additional monitored data available
related to Parameter Occurrence Code 3
(POC 3) from the EPA website for the
second quarter of 2015 which EPA did
not consider in supporting the
determination of attainment. The
Commenter notes the design value
2 https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/
download-daily-data.
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 44 / Tuesday, March 6, 2018 / Rules and Regulations
would still be lower than the NAAQS
but notes EPA should provide a legal
and technical explanation and should
perform the calculations again based on
the correct data.
Response 1: In accordance with 40
CFR part 50, appendix N, section
3.0(d)(1), the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Protection (PADEP)
installed a PM2.5 monitor with federal
reference method (FRM) code 145,
parameter occurrence code 1 (POC 1) at
the Lebanon County site (Site ID 42–
075–0100) and designated this monitor
as the primary monitor in January
2016.3 PADEP also has a collocated
monitor with federal equivalent method
(FEM) code 170, parameter occurrence
code 3 (POC 3). 40 CFR part 50,
appendix N, section 3.0(d)(1), states:
‘‘The default dataset for PM2.5 mass
concentrations for a site shall consist of
the measured concentrations recorded
from the designated primary monitor(s).
All daily values produced by the
primary monitor are considered part of
the site record; this includes all
creditable samples and all extra
samples.’’ Additionally 40 CFR part 58,
appendix A, section 3.2.3 states: ‘‘For
each pair of collocated monitors,
designate one sampler as the primary
monitor whose concentrations will be
used to report air quality for the site,
and designate the other as the quality
control monitor. There can be only one
primary monitor at a monitoring site for
a given time period.’’ As previously
mentioned on January 1, 2016, PADEP
designated POC 1 as the primary
monitor. Therefore, after January 1,
2016, on days where the primary
monitor POC 1 produces a daily value,
it is considered part of the site record
and not the data from collocated
monitor POC 3.
Additionally, 40 CFR part 50,
appendix N, section 3.0(d)(2), states
that, ‘‘Data for the primary monitors
shall be augmented as much as possible
with data from collocated monitors. If a
valid daily value is not produced by the
primary monitor for a particular day
(scheduled or otherwise), but a value is
available from a collocated monitor,
then that collocated value shall be
considered part of the combined site
data record (emphasis added). If more
than one collocated daily value is
available, the average of those valid
collocated values shall be used as the
daily value. The data record resulting
3 See Docket ID EPA–R03–OAR–2017–0479–0016.
Page 2 of the ‘‘Air Quality System (AQS) Monitor
Description Report,’’ notes POC 1’s official start
date as January 1, 2016. Therefore, EPA will be
referencing the January 1, 2016 date. PADEP’s 2016
Annual Ambient Air Monitoring Network Plan
notes the start date as January 7, 2016.
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from this procedure is referred to as the
‘combined site data record.’ ’’
Pursuant to 40 CFR part 50, appendix
N, section 3.0(d)(2), the data from
collocated monitor POC 3 is only
considered as part of the combined site
data record (to be used in determining
design value for the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS) when there is no valid daily
value from the primary monitor POC 1.
For the data substitution test 4
performed by EPA in the second quarter
of 2015 due to missing data values, EPA
used the highest daily site record for the
second quarter substitution value. 40
CFR part 50, appendix N, section 1(c)
defines the value used for the maximum
data substitution test and provides
‘‘[t]he maximum quarterly value data
substitution test substitutes actual ‘high’
reported daily PM2.5 values from the
same site (specifically, the highest
reported non-excluded quarterly
value(s) (year non-specific) contained in
the combined site record for the
evaluated 3-year period) for missing
daily values.’’ The daily site record
included data from POC 1 and POC 3
depending on which monitor was
primary and which monitor had valid
data between April 1 and June 30 in
2014, 2015, and 2016, i.e. the second
quarters of 2014, 2015, and 2016. EPA
determined that the highest daily site
record for the second quarter
substitution value was 30.5 mg/m3
recorded on June 11, 2015 from POC 1.
The higher daily value of 34 mg/m3 was
recorded on May 11, 2016 by the
collocated monitor, POC 3. However,
because POC 1 produced a valid daily
value of 29.1 mg/m3 on this same day,
May 11, 2016, the data value from POC
3 was not used in the data substitution
test as the highest daily site record and
therefore the daily value of 30.5 mg/m3
4 EPA notes that ‘‘data substitution test’’ is
defined in 40 CFR part 50, appendix N as
‘‘diagnostic evaluations performed on an annual
PM2.5 NAAQS design value (DV) or a 24-hour PM2.5
NAAQS DV to determine if those metrics, which are
judged to be based on incomplete data in
accordance with 4.1(b) or 4.2(b) of this appendix
shall nevertheless be deemed valid for NAAQS
comparisons, or alternatively, shall still be
considered incomplete and not valid for NAAQS
comparisons. There are two data substitution tests,
the ‘minimum quarterly value’ test and the
‘maximum quarterly value’ test. Design values
(DVs) are the 3-year average NAAQS metrics that
are compared to the NAAQS levels to determine
when a monitoring site meets or does not meet the
NAAQS, calculated as shown in section 4.’’ In the
NPR, EPA discussed its application of the data
substitution test using the maximum quarterly
value test. Appendix N provides that the
‘‘maximum quarterly value data substitution test’’
substitutes actual ‘‘high’’ reported daily PM2.5
values from the same site (specifically, the highest
reported non-excluded quarterly value(s) (year nonspecific) contained in the combined site record for
the evaluated 3-year period) for missing daily
values.
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recorded on June 11, 2015 was the
highest daily site record for the second
quarter between 2014–2016. EPA’s use
of 30.5 mg/m3 in the data substitution
test for 2015 was therefore correct and
in accordance with 40 CFR part 50
appendix N, and no calculations need to
be redone for the 2015 annual mean.
EPA notes that we did not exclude this
data (the 34 mg/m3 recorded on May 11,
2016 by the collocated monitor, POC 3)
in our data substitution analysis due to
any ‘‘exceptional event,’’ as we did not
use this data because data from the
primary monitor POC 1 was available on
that same day. See 40 CFR part 50,
appendix N, section 3.0(d)(2).
Comment 2: For the 2016 annual
mean, the Commenter states that it is
unclear which monitor is intended to be
the primary monitor. The Commenter
claims that the 2016 annual mean
should be 12.22 mg/m3 instead of EPA’s
calculated mean of 9.72 mg/m3 and
states it was unclear how EPA
calculated its annual mean for 2016.
Therefore, based on the Commenter’s
calculations, the annual design value for
2014–2016 should be 12.03
mg/m3 using the higher annual mean for
2016 calculated by the Commenter. The
Commenter claims the difference is
material because the analysis leads to a
determination that Lebanon County is
still not attaining the standard of 12.0
mg/m3. Additionally, the Commenter
requests that if EPA ‘‘has relied
primarily on data from POC 1, to the
exclusion of data from POC 3, it should
provide an explanation of the legal and
technical authority for doing so.’’ The
Commenter notes data from POC 1 was
generally lower than data from POC 3
when both monitors were operating on
the same dates.
Response 2: As discussed in Response
1, POC 1 became the designated primary
monitor as of January 2016. See 40 CFR
part 50, appendix N, section 3.0(d)(1)
and (2) and Docket ID EPA–R03–OAR–
2017–0479–0016. When calculating the
2016 annual mean, EPA used the data
from primary monitor POC 1 and
substituted any missing days from the
primary monitor with data from
collocated monitor POC 3. Id. This
resulted in 2016 quarterly means of
12.18, 8.70, 8.62, 9.37 mg/m3 and an
annual mean of 9.72 mg/m3, and not
12.22 mg/m3, which Commenter
calculated by inappropriately
combining data from POC 1 and POC 3.
POC 1 is the primary monitor and thus
the primary source of data for
determining the mean unless data is
missing. Id. Thus, EPA correctly
calculated the 2016 annual mean and
the 2014–16 design value as explained
in the NPR. While EPA disagrees with
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the Commenter’s analysis as stated
above, EPA notes that the Commenter’s
calculated design value of 12.03 mg/m3
(even if correct) would still demonstrate
an attaining design value for the 2012
annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 40 CFR part 50,
appendix N, section 4.3(a) states,
‘‘[a]nnual PM2.5 NAAQS DVs (design
values) shall be rounded to the nearest
tenth of a mg/m3 (decimals x.x5 and
greater are rounded up to the next tenth,
and any decimal lower than x.x5 is
rounded down to the nearest tenth).’’
Therefore, based on the rounding
conventions established at 40 CFR part
50, appendix N, section 4.3(a), 12.03
mg/m3 would round to 12.0 mg/m3 and
still meet the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS.
Comment 3: The Commenter states
that an EPA guidance document
contemplates supplementing data from
a primary monitor with data from a
secondary monitor. See AQS Tech Note
POC 6–28–13, Technical Note—
Guidance on the Use of Parameter
Occurrence Codes (POCs) When Using
Multiple Instruments at Monitoring
Sites, https://www.epa.gov/aqs/aqstech-note-poc-6-28-13 (‘‘The regulatory
language for particulate matter (PM) and
lead (Pb) monitoring allows for the
combining of data when the primary
monitor at the site does not sample on
a particular day either due to it not
being a scheduled sampling day or the
instrument did not collect a valid
sample.’’).
Response 3: ‘‘AQS (Air Quality
System) Tech Note POC 6–28–13’’ is a
technical memo from EPA to states,
local, tribal, and other data users who
use the Air Quality System5 (AQS) to
submit and retrieve air quality data. The
memo explains that each individual
monitor should be reported to AQS
under a specific POC even if the data
from these monitors is going to
routinely be combined as the site
record. Reporting data this way allows
data users to properly assess the quality
of data from a specific monitor while
providing the proper sample
completeness at a monitoring site. The
memo goes further to explain that in
2008, AQS was enhanced to
automatically combine PM2.5 values
from collocated data in accordance with
40 CFR part 50, appendix N. As
described in Response 1, EPA does
allow the data from a collocated monitor
to be considered as part of the combined
site data record when there is no valid
daily value from the primary monitor.
5 AQS is EPA’s repository of ambient air quality
data. AQS stores data from over 10,000 monitors,
5,000 of which are currently active. See https://
www.epa.gov/aqs.
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EPA thus correctly considered data from
the collocated monitor in Lebanon
County when appropriate in accordance
with 40 CFR part 50, appendix N.
Comment 4: The Commenter states
that there is a discrepancy for the third
quarter of 2016, as the Commenter
found 92 data samples instead of 91
data samples using data downloaded
from EPA’s website.
Response 4: EPA has reviewed the
third quarter data for 2016 and has
determined that on August 10, 2016,
neither POC 1 nor POC 3 produced a
valid daily value. Therefore, 91 data
samples were used in calculating the
third quarter 2016 mean. Thus, no
discrepancy or error exists.
Comment 5: The Commenter claims
that EPA relied on data from POC 3
exclusively for 2014 and 2015 and
excluded data from POC 3 in the face of
lower data from a new POC 1.
Response 5: As previously discussed
in Response 1, POC 1 is the designated
primary monitor as of January 2016 and
POC 3 is a collocated monitor. See 40
CFR part 50, appendix N, section
3.0(d)(1) and (2). Therefore, the data
from primary monitor POC 1 is used as
the site record, but is augmented with
data from collocated monitor POC 3
whenever there is missing data from
POC 1. In 2016, POC 3 data was used
as the site record 60 days out of the 364
days used to calculate the 2016 annual
mean because data from POC 1, the
designated primary monitor, was not
available. EPA therefore appropriately
used data from POC 1 when available in
2016 in calculating the annual mean
and used data from POC 3 in 2016 when
data from POC 1 was unavailable in
accordance with CAA regulations.
9437
V. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
A. General Requirements
This rulemaking action proposes to
make a determination of attainment of
the 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS based on air
quality data and does not impose
additional requirements. For that
reason, this proposed determination of
attainment:
• Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ subject to review by the Office
of Management and Budget under
Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
January 21, 2011);
• is not an Executive Order 13771
regulatory action because this action is
not significant under Executive Order
12866.
• does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• does not have federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• is not a significant regulatory action
IV. Final Action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
EPA is making a final determination
• is not subject to requirements of
that the Lebanon County Area has
attained the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
As provided in 40 CFR 51.1015,
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
finalization of this determination
application of those requirements would
suspends the requirements for this area
be inconsistent with the CAA; and
to submit an attainment demonstration,
• does not provide EPA with the
associated RACM, RFP plan,
discretionary authority to address, as
contingency measures, and any other
planning SIP requirements related to the appropriate, disproportionate human
attainment of the 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS, so health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
long as this area continues to meet the
methods, under Executive Order 12898
standard. This determination of
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
attainment does not constitute a
In addition, this rule does not have
redesignation to attainment. The
tribal implications as specified by
Lebanon County Area will remain
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249,
designated nonattainment for the 2012
annual PM2.5 NAAQS until such time as November 9, 2000), because the
Lebanon County Area does not include
EPA determines that the area meets the
any Indian country located in the state,
CAA requirements for redesignation to
and EPA notes that it will not impose
attainment, including an approved
substantial direct costs on tribal
maintenance plan, pursuant to sections
governments or preempt tribal law.
107 and 175A of the CAA.
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 44 / Tuesday, March 6, 2018 / Rules and Regulations
§ 52.2059
matter.
B. Submission to Congress and the
Comptroller General
Control strategy: Particulate
The Congressional Review Act, 5
U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
that before a rule may take effect, the
agency promulgating the rule must
submit a rule report, which includes a
copy of the rule, to each House of the
Congress and to the Comptroller General
of the United States. EPA will submit a
report containing this action and other
required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United
States prior to publication of the rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it
is published in the Federal Register.
This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as
defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
*
*
*
*
(w) Determination of Attainment. EPA
has determined based on 2014 to 2016
ambient air quality monitoring data, that
the Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
moderate nonattainment area has
attained the 2012 annual fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) primary national ambient
air quality standard (NAAQS). This
determination, in accordance with 40
CFR 51.1015, suspends the
requirements for this area to submit an
attainment demonstration, associated
reasonably available control measures, a
reasonable further progress plan,
contingency measures, and other
planning state implementation plan
revisions related to attainment of the
standard for as long as this area
continues to meet the 2012 annual PM2.5
NAAQS.
C. Petitions for Judicial Review
[FR Doc. 2018–04424 Filed 3–5–18; 8:45 am]
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA,
petitions for judicial review of this
action must be filed in the United States
Court of Appeals for the appropriate
circuit by May 7, 2018. Filing a petition
for reconsideration by the Administrator
of this final rule does not affect the
finality of this action for the purposes of
judicial review nor does it extend the
time within which a petition for judicial
review may be filed, and shall not
postpone the effectiveness of such rule
or action.
This action determining that the
Lebanon County Area attained the 2012
annual PM2.5 NAAQS may not be
challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. (See section
307(b)(2).)
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Particulate matter, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: February 15, 2018.
Cosmo Servidio,
Regional Administrator, Region III.
40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows:
jstallworth on DSKBBY8HB2PROD with RULES
PART 52—APPROVAL AND
PROMULGATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
1. The authority citation for part 52
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart NN—Pennsylvania
2. Section 52.2059 is amended by
adding paragraph (w) to read as follows:
■
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*
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA–R01–OAR–2017–0590; FRL–9974–
96—Region 1]
Air Plan Approval; Massachusetts;
Logan Airport Parking Freeze
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is approving a State
Implementation Plan (SIP) revision
submitted by the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts. This SIP revision
increases the total number of
commercial parking spaces allowed in
the Logan Airport Parking Freeze area
by 5,000 parking spaces. The intended
effect of this action is to reduce carbon
monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide
(NOX) emissions by reducing the
increased vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
resulting from insufficient available
parking at Logan Airport. This action is
being taken under the Clean Air Act.
DATES: This rule is effective on April 5,
2018.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a
docket for this action under Docket
Identification No. EPA–R01–OAR–
2017–0590. All documents in the docket
are listed on the https://
www.regulations.gov website. Although
listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available, i.e., CBI or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Certain other
SUMMARY:
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material, such as copyrighted material,
is not placed on the internet and will be
publicly available only in hard copy
form. Publicly available docket
materials are available at https://
www.regulations.gov or at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA
New England Regional Office, Office of
Ecosystem Protection, Air Quality
Planning Unit, 5 Post Office Square—
Suite 100, Boston, MA. EPA requests
that if at all possible, you contact the
contact listed in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section to
schedule your inspection. The Regional
Office’s official hours of business are
Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to
4:30 p.m., excluding legal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Anne McWilliams, Air Quality Planning
Unit, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA New England Regional
Office, 5 Post Office Square—Suite 100,
(Mail code OEP05–2), Boston, MA
02109–3912, tel. (617) 918–1697, email
mcwilliams.anne@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Throughout this document whenever
‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ or ‘‘our’’ is used, we mean
EPA.
Table of Contents
I. Background and Purpose
II. Final Action
III. Incorporation by Reference
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. Background and Purpose
On December 5, 2017 (83 FR 57415),
EPA published a Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking (NPRM) for the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The
NPRM proposed approval of revisions to
310 Code of Massachusetts Regulations
(CMR) 7.30 Massachusetts Port
Authority (Massport)/Logan Airport
Parking Freeze. The formal SIP revision
was submitted by Massachusetts on July
13, 2017.
The revised 310 CMR 7.30 increases
the total number of commercial spaces
in the Logan Parking Freeze area by
5,000 spaces to a total of 26,088. In the
event that the remaining 702 park-andfly spaces in the East Boston Parking
Freeze cap were converted to
commercial spaces at Logan Airport in
the future, the maximum total number
of spaces permitted would be 26,790.
In addition, the revision requires
Massport to complete the following
studies within 24 months of June 30,
2017: (1) Potential improvements to
high occupancy vehicle access to Logan
Airport; (2) a cost and pricing
assessment for different modes of
transportation to and from Logan
Airport in order to generate revenue for
the promotion of high-occupancy
E:\FR\FM\06MRR1.SGM
06MRR1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 44 (Tuesday, March 6, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 9435-9438]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-04424]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0479; FRL-9975-00--Region 3]
Air Quality Plans; Pennsylvania; Lebanon County 2012 Fine
Particulate Matter Standard Determination of Attainment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is making a final
determination that the Lebanon County, Pennsylvania nonattainment area
(the Lebanon County Area) has attained the 2012 annual fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) national ambient air quality standards
(NAAQS). This determination of attainment, also known as a clean data
determination, is based on quality assured and certified ambient air
quality data for the 2014-2016 monitoring period. The effect of this
determination of attainment suspends certain planning requirements for
the area, including the requirement to submit an attainment
demonstration and associated reasonably available control measures
(RACM), a reasonable further progress (RFP) plan, and contingency
measures. These requirements would be suspended for as long as the area
continues to meet the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. This action
is not a redesignation to attainment for the area. This action is being
taken under the Clean Air Act (CAA).
DATES: This final rule is effective on April 5, 2018.
ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID
Number EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0479. All documents in the docket are listed on
the https://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index,
some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business
information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available through
https://www.regulations.gov, or please contact the person identified in
the For Further Information Contact section for additional availability
information.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gavin Huang, (215) 814-2042, or by
email at [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On November 2, 2017 (82 FR 50851), EPA published a notice of
proposed rulemaking (NPR) for the Lebanon County Area. In the NPR, EPA
proposed to determine that the Lebanon County Area attained the 2012
annual PM2.5 NAAQS.
Under EPA's longstanding Clean Data Policy,\1\ which was codified
in EPA's Clean Air Fine Particulate Implementation Rule (72 FR 20586,
April 25, 2007), EPA may issue a determination of attainment after
notice and comment rulemaking determining that a specific area is
attaining the relevant standard. See 40 CFR 51.1004. The effect of a
clean data determination is to suspend the requirement for the area to
submit an attainment demonstration, RACM, RFP plan, contingency
measures, and any other planning State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
related to attainment for as long as the area continues to attain the
standard. In EPA's Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality
Standards: State Implementation Plan Requirements final rule (81 FR
58010, August 24, 2016), EPA reaffirmed the Clean Data Policy at 40 CFR
51.1015.
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\1\ ``Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle National Ambient
Air Quality Standards,'' Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, December
14, 2004.
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II. EPA's Evaluation
Under EPA regulations at 40 CFR part 50, section 50.18 and appendix
N, the annual primary PM2.5 standard is met when the 3-year
average of PM2.5 annual mean mass concentrations for each
eligible monitoring site is less than or equal to 12.0 micrograms per
cubic meter ([mu]g/m\3\). Three years of valid annual means are
required to produce a valid annual PM2.5 NAAQS design value.
Consistent with the requirements of 40 CFR part 50, section 50.18
and appendix N, EPA determined the Lebanon County Area has attained the
2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. The certified annual design value
for 2014-2016 is 11.2 [mu]g/m\3\, which is below the 2012 annual
primary PM2.5 standard of 12.0 [mu]g/m\3\.
The specific requirements of this determination of attainment and
the rationale for EPA's proposed action, including how the annual
design value for 2014-2016 was calculated, are explained in the NPR and
will not be restated here. EPA received comments that are addressed in
Section III of this rulemaking action.
III. Public Comments and EPA's Responses
EPA received adverse comments from one commenter, the Clean Air
Council (hereinafter referred to as the ``Commenter''). The Commenter
expressed concern about EPA's calculations performed for this
determination of attainment. The Commenter states, ``EPA should perform
its calculations again and provide explanations for its conclusions,
which were not substantiated by the background documents in the
rulemaking docket.'' EPA provided its explanations and support for the
determination of attainment in the NPR and explained the certified
annual design value for 2014-2016 is 11.2 [mu]g/m\3\, which is below
the 2012 annual primary PM2.5 standard of 12.0 [mu]g/m\3\.
The Commenter's specific concerns are summarized and addressed in this
section.
Comment 1: For the 2015 annual mean, the Commenter confirmed the
annual mean calculation from EPA but had comments regarding data from
the second quarter of 2015. The Commenter noted there was only
monitored data for 64 of the 91 days in the quarter which led EPA to
conduct a ``data completeness test.'' The Commenter states that ``EPA
substituted 30.5 micrograms per cubic meter for each of the 27 days of
missing data, based on the premise that this figure was the highest
daily average in the second quarters of 2014, 2015, and 2016'' and
stated that this figure was the daily average for June 11, 2015, during
the second quarter of 2015. The Commenter states that EPA does not
acknowledge that there was actually a higher daily value of 34 [mu]g/
m\3\ on May 11, 2016, during the second quarter of 2016 based on data
Commenter obtained from an EPA website.\2\ The Commenter states that it
is possible that EPA excluded this figure under the rationale that
there was an ``extraordinary event.'' The Commenter also notes there
was additional monitored data available related to Parameter Occurrence
Code 3 (POC 3) from the EPA website for the second quarter of 2015
which EPA did not consider in supporting the determination of
attainment. The Commenter notes the design value
[[Page 9436]]
would still be lower than the NAAQS but notes EPA should provide a
legal and technical explanation and should perform the calculations
again based on the correct data.
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\2\ https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/download-daily-data.
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Response 1: In accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section
3.0(d)(1), the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
(PADEP) installed a PM2.5 monitor with federal reference
method (FRM) code 145, parameter occurrence code 1 (POC 1) at the
Lebanon County site (Site ID 42-075-0100) and designated this monitor
as the primary monitor in January 2016.\3\ PADEP also has a collocated
monitor with federal equivalent method (FEM) code 170, parameter
occurrence code 3 (POC 3). 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section
3.0(d)(1), states: ``The default dataset for PM2.5 mass
concentrations for a site shall consist of the measured concentrations
recorded from the designated primary monitor(s). All daily values
produced by the primary monitor are considered part of the site record;
this includes all creditable samples and all extra samples.''
Additionally 40 CFR part 58, appendix A, section 3.2.3 states: ``For
each pair of collocated monitors, designate one sampler as the primary
monitor whose concentrations will be used to report air quality for the
site, and designate the other as the quality control monitor. There can
be only one primary monitor at a monitoring site for a given time
period.'' As previously mentioned on January 1, 2016, PADEP designated
POC 1 as the primary monitor. Therefore, after January 1, 2016, on days
where the primary monitor POC 1 produces a daily value, it is
considered part of the site record and not the data from collocated
monitor POC 3.
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\3\ See Docket ID EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0479-0016. Page 2 of the
``Air Quality System (AQS) Monitor Description Report,'' notes POC
1's official start date as January 1, 2016. Therefore, EPA will be
referencing the January 1, 2016 date. PADEP's 2016 Annual Ambient
Air Monitoring Network Plan notes the start date as January 7, 2016.
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Additionally, 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 3.0(d)(2), states
that, ``Data for the primary monitors shall be augmented as much as
possible with data from collocated monitors. If a valid daily value is
not produced by the primary monitor for a particular day (scheduled or
otherwise), but a value is available from a collocated monitor, then
that collocated value shall be considered part of the combined site
data record (emphasis added). If more than one collocated daily value
is available, the average of those valid collocated values shall be
used as the daily value. The data record resulting from this procedure
is referred to as the `combined site data record.' ''
Pursuant to 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 3.0(d)(2), the data
from collocated monitor POC 3 is only considered as part of the
combined site data record (to be used in determining design value for
the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS) when there is no valid daily
value from the primary monitor POC 1. For the data substitution test
\4\ performed by EPA in the second quarter of 2015 due to missing data
values, EPA used the highest daily site record for the second quarter
substitution value. 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 1(c) defines
the value used for the maximum data substitution test and provides
``[t]he maximum quarterly value data substitution test substitutes
actual `high' reported daily PM2.5 values from the same site
(specifically, the highest reported non-excluded quarterly value(s)
(year non-specific) contained in the combined site record for the
evaluated 3-year period) for missing daily values.'' The daily site
record included data from POC 1 and POC 3 depending on which monitor
was primary and which monitor had valid data between April 1 and June
30 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, i.e. the second quarters of 2014, 2015, and
2016. EPA determined that the highest daily site record for the second
quarter substitution value was 30.5 [mu]g/m\3\ recorded on June 11,
2015 from POC 1. The higher daily value of 34 [mu]g/m\3\ was recorded
on May 11, 2016 by the collocated monitor, POC 3. However, because POC
1 produced a valid daily value of 29.1 [mu]g/m\3\ on this same day, May
11, 2016, the data value from POC 3 was not used in the data
substitution test as the highest daily site record and therefore the
daily value of 30.5 [mu]g/m\3\ recorded on June 11, 2015 was the
highest daily site record for the second quarter between 2014-2016.
EPA's use of 30.5 [mu]g/m\3\ in the data substitution test for 2015 was
therefore correct and in accordance with 40 CFR part 50 appendix N, and
no calculations need to be redone for the 2015 annual mean. EPA notes
that we did not exclude this data (the 34 [mu]g/m\3\ recorded on May
11, 2016 by the collocated monitor, POC 3) in our data substitution
analysis due to any ``exceptional event,'' as we did not use this data
because data from the primary monitor POC 1 was available on that same
day. See 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 3.0(d)(2).
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\4\ EPA notes that ``data substitution test'' is defined in 40
CFR part 50, appendix N as ``diagnostic evaluations performed on an
annual PM2.5 NAAQS design value (DV) or a 24-hour
PM2.5 NAAQS DV to determine if those metrics, which are
judged to be based on incomplete data in accordance with 4.1(b) or
4.2(b) of this appendix shall nevertheless be deemed valid for NAAQS
comparisons, or alternatively, shall still be considered incomplete
and not valid for NAAQS comparisons. There are two data substitution
tests, the `minimum quarterly value' test and the `maximum quarterly
value' test. Design values (DVs) are the 3-year average NAAQS
metrics that are compared to the NAAQS levels to determine when a
monitoring site meets or does not meet the NAAQS, calculated as
shown in section 4.'' In the NPR, EPA discussed its application of
the data substitution test using the maximum quarterly value test.
Appendix N provides that the ``maximum quarterly value data
substitution test'' substitutes actual ``high'' reported daily
PM2.5 values from the same site (specifically, the
highest reported non-excluded quarterly value(s) (year non-specific)
contained in the combined site record for the evaluated 3-year
period) for missing daily values.
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Comment 2: For the 2016 annual mean, the Commenter states that it
is unclear which monitor is intended to be the primary monitor. The
Commenter claims that the 2016 annual mean should be 12.22 [mu]g/m\3\
instead of EPA's calculated mean of 9.72 [mu]g/m\3\ and states it was
unclear how EPA calculated its annual mean for 2016. Therefore, based
on the Commenter's calculations, the annual design value for 2014-2016
should be 12.03 [mu]g/m\3\ using the higher annual mean for 2016
calculated by the Commenter. The Commenter claims the difference is
material because the analysis leads to a determination that Lebanon
County is still not attaining the standard of 12.0 [mu]g/m\3\.
Additionally, the Commenter requests that if EPA ``has relied primarily
on data from POC 1, to the exclusion of data from POC 3, it should
provide an explanation of the legal and technical authority for doing
so.'' The Commenter notes data from POC 1 was generally lower than data
from POC 3 when both monitors were operating on the same dates.
Response 2: As discussed in Response 1, POC 1 became the designated
primary monitor as of January 2016. See 40 CFR part 50, appendix N,
section 3.0(d)(1) and (2) and Docket ID EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0479-0016.
When calculating the 2016 annual mean, EPA used the data from primary
monitor POC 1 and substituted any missing days from the primary monitor
with data from collocated monitor POC 3. Id. This resulted in 2016
quarterly means of 12.18, 8.70, 8.62, 9.37 [mu]g/m\3\ and an annual
mean of 9.72 [mu]g/m\3\, and not 12.22 [mu]g/m\3\, which Commenter
calculated by inappropriately combining data from POC 1 and POC 3. POC
1 is the primary monitor and thus the primary source of data for
determining the mean unless data is missing. Id. Thus, EPA correctly
calculated the 2016 annual mean and the 2014-16 design value as
explained in the NPR. While EPA disagrees with
[[Page 9437]]
the Commenter's analysis as stated above, EPA notes that the
Commenter's calculated design value of 12.03 [mu]g/m\3\ (even if
correct) would still demonstrate an attaining design value for the 2012
annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section
4.3(a) states, ``[a]nnual PM2.5 NAAQS DVs (design values)
shall be rounded to the nearest tenth of a [micro]g/m\3\ (decimals x.x5
and greater are rounded up to the next tenth, and any decimal lower
than x.x5 is rounded down to the nearest tenth).'' Therefore, based on
the rounding conventions established at 40 CFR part 50, appendix N,
section 4.3(a), 12.03 [mu]g/m\3\ would round to 12.0 [mu]g/m\3\ and
still meet the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS.
Comment 3: The Commenter states that an EPA guidance document
contemplates supplementing data from a primary monitor with data from a
secondary monitor. See AQS Tech Note POC 6-28-13, Technical Note--
Guidance on the Use of Parameter Occurrence Codes (POCs) When Using
Multiple Instruments at Monitoring Sites, https://www.epa.gov/aqs/aqs-tech-note-poc-6-28-13 (``The regulatory language for particulate matter
(PM) and lead (Pb) monitoring allows for the combining of data when the
primary monitor at the site does not sample on a particular day either
due to it not being a scheduled sampling day or the instrument did not
collect a valid sample.'').
Response 3: ``AQS (Air Quality System) Tech Note POC 6-28-13'' is a
technical memo from EPA to states, local, tribal, and other data users
who use the Air Quality System\5\ (AQS) to submit and retrieve air
quality data. The memo explains that each individual monitor should be
reported to AQS under a specific POC even if the data from these
monitors is going to routinely be combined as the site record.
Reporting data this way allows data users to properly assess the
quality of data from a specific monitor while providing the proper
sample completeness at a monitoring site. The memo goes further to
explain that in 2008, AQS was enhanced to automatically combine
PM2.5 values from collocated data in accordance with 40 CFR
part 50, appendix N. As described in Response 1, EPA does allow the
data from a collocated monitor to be considered as part of the combined
site data record when there is no valid daily value from the primary
monitor. EPA thus correctly considered data from the collocated monitor
in Lebanon County when appropriate in accordance with 40 CFR part 50,
appendix N.
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\5\ AQS is EPA's repository of ambient air quality data. AQS
stores data from over 10,000 monitors, 5,000 of which are currently
active. See https://www.epa.gov/aqs.
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Comment 4: The Commenter states that there is a discrepancy for the
third quarter of 2016, as the Commenter found 92 data samples instead
of 91 data samples using data downloaded from EPA's website.
Response 4: EPA has reviewed the third quarter data for 2016 and
has determined that on August 10, 2016, neither POC 1 nor POC 3
produced a valid daily value. Therefore, 91 data samples were used in
calculating the third quarter 2016 mean. Thus, no discrepancy or error
exists.
Comment 5: The Commenter claims that EPA relied on data from POC 3
exclusively for 2014 and 2015 and excluded data from POC 3 in the face
of lower data from a new POC 1.
Response 5: As previously discussed in Response 1, POC 1 is the
designated primary monitor as of January 2016 and POC 3 is a collocated
monitor. See 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 3.0(d)(1) and (2).
Therefore, the data from primary monitor POC 1 is used as the site
record, but is augmented with data from collocated monitor POC 3
whenever there is missing data from POC 1. In 2016, POC 3 data was used
as the site record 60 days out of the 364 days used to calculate the
2016 annual mean because data from POC 1, the designated primary
monitor, was not available. EPA therefore appropriately used data from
POC 1 when available in 2016 in calculating the annual mean and used
data from POC 3 in 2016 when data from POC 1 was unavailable in
accordance with CAA regulations.
IV. Final Action
EPA is making a final determination that the Lebanon County Area
has attained the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. As provided in 40
CFR 51.1015, finalization of this determination suspends the
requirements for this area to submit an attainment demonstration,
associated RACM, RFP plan, contingency measures, and any other planning
SIP requirements related to the attainment of the 2012 PM2.5
NAAQS, so long as this area continues to meet the standard. This
determination of attainment does not constitute a redesignation to
attainment. The Lebanon County Area will remain designated
nonattainment for the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS until such
time as EPA determines that the area meets the CAA requirements for
redesignation to attainment, including an approved maintenance plan,
pursuant to sections 107 and 175A of the CAA.
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. General Requirements
This rulemaking action proposes to make a determination of
attainment of the 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS based on air quality data
and does not impose additional requirements. For that reason, this
proposed determination of attainment:
Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21,
2011);
is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action because
this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.
does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
does not have federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
is not an economically significant regulatory action based
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997);
is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the CAA; and
does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, this rule does not have tribal implications as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000),
because the Lebanon County Area does not include any Indian country
located in the state, and EPA notes that it will not impose substantial
direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law.
[[Page 9438]]
B. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).
C. Petitions for Judicial Review
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review
of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for
the appropriate circuit by May 7, 2018. Filing a petition for
reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect
the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor
does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may
be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or
action.
This action determining that the Lebanon County Area attained the
2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS may not be challenged later in
proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See section 307(b)(2).)
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Particulate matter, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: February 15, 2018.
Cosmo Servidio,
Regional Administrator, Region III.
40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows:
PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart NN--Pennsylvania
0
2. Section 52.2059 is amended by adding paragraph (w) to read as
follows:
Sec. 52.2059 Control strategy: Particulate matter.
* * * * *
(w) Determination of Attainment. EPA has determined based on 2014
to 2016 ambient air quality monitoring data, that the Lebanon County,
Pennsylvania moderate nonattainment area has attained the 2012 annual
fine particulate matter (PM2.5) primary national ambient air
quality standard (NAAQS). This determination, in accordance with 40 CFR
51.1015, suspends the requirements for this area to submit an
attainment demonstration, associated reasonably available control
measures, a reasonable further progress plan, contingency measures, and
other planning state implementation plan revisions related to
attainment of the standard for as long as this area continues to meet
the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS.
[FR Doc. 2018-04424 Filed 3-5-18; 8:45 am]
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