Final 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations, 5525-5536 [2018-02370]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• Bureau of the Census

[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 27 (Thursday, February 8, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 5525-5536]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-02370]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Bureau of the Census

15 CFR Chapter I

[Docket Number 160526465-8033-03]
RIN 0607-XC026


Final 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations

AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.

ACTION: Final criteria.

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SUMMARY: The Bureau of the Census (U.S. Census Bureau) is providing 
notification of the Final 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence 
Situations. In addition, this document contains a summary of comments 
received in response to the June 30,

[[Page 5526]]

2016, Federal Register document, as well as the Census Bureau's 
responses to those comments. The residence criteria are used to 
determine where people are counted during each decennial census. 
Specific residence situations are included with the criteria to 
illustrate how the criteria are applied.

DATES: The final criteria in this document are effective on March 12, 
2018.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jason Devine, Population and Housing 
Programs Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, 6H173, Washington, DC 20233, 
telephone (301) 763-2381; or Email 
[[email protected]].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

A. Background

    The U.S. Census Bureau is committed to counting every person in the 
2020 Census once, only once, and in the right place. The fundamental 
reason that the decennial census is conducted is to fulfill the 
Constitutional requirement (Article I, Section 2) to apportion the 
seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the states.\1\ For a 
fair and equitable apportionment, it is crucial that the Census Bureau 
counts everyone in the right place during the decennial census.
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    \1\ Apportionment is based on the resident population, plus a 
count of overseas federal employees, for each of the 50 states. 
Redistricting data include the resident population of the 50 states, 
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
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    The residence criteria are used to determine where people are 
counted during each decennial census. Specific residence situations are 
included with the criteria to illustrate how the criteria are applied.

1. The Concept of Usual Residence

    The Census Bureau's enumeration procedures are guided by the 
constitutional and statutory mandates to count all residents of the 
several states. [U.S. Const. Art. 1, Section 2, cl.3, Title 13, United 
States Code, Section 141.] The state in which a person resides and the 
specific location within that state is determined in accordance with 
the concept of ``usual residence,'' which is defined by the Census 
Bureau as the place where a person lives and sleeps most of the time. 
This is not always the same as a person's legal residence, voting 
residence, or where they prefer to be counted. This concept of ``usual 
residence'' is grounded in the law providing for the first census, the 
Act of March 1, 1790, expressly specifying that persons be enumerated 
at their ``usual place of abode.''
    Determining usual residence is straightforward for most people. 
However, given our nation's wide diversity in types of living 
arrangements, the concept of usual residence has a variety of 
applications. Some examples of these living arrangements include people 
experiencing homelessness, people with a seasonal/second residence, 
people in group facilities,\2\ people in the process of moving, people 
in hospitals, children in shared custody arrangements, college 
students, live-in employees, military personnel, and people who live in 
workers' dormitories.
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    \2\ In this document, ``group facilities'' (referred to also as 
``group quarters'' (GQ)) are defined as places where people live or 
stay in group living arrangements, which are owned or managed by an 
entity or organization providing housing and/or services for the 
residents.
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2. Reviewing the 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence 
Situations

    Every decade, the Census Bureau undertakes a review of the 
Residence Criteria and Residence Situations to ensure that the concept 
of usual residence is interpreted and applied, consistent with the 
intent of the Census Act of 1790, which was authored by a Congress that 
included many of the framers of the U.S. Constitution and directed that 
people were to be counted at their usual residence. This review also 
serves as an opportunity to identify new or changing living situations 
resulting from societal change, and to address those situations in the 
guidance in a way that is consistent with the concept of usual 
residence.
    This decade, as part of the review, the Census Bureau requested 
public comment on the ``2010 Census Residence Rule and Residence 
Situations'' through the Federal Register (80 FR 28950) on May 20, 
2015, to allow the public to recommend any changes they would like to 
be considered for the 2020 Census. The Census Bureau received 252 
comment submission letters or emails that contained 262 total comments. 
(Some comment submissions included comments or suggestions on more than 
one residence situation.)
    On June 30, 2016, the Census Bureau published the ``Proposed 2020 
Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations'' in the Federal 
Register (81 FR 42577).\3\ In that publication, the Census Bureau 
included a summary of comments on the May 2015 Federal Register 
document, as well as the Bureau's responses to those comments. During 
the 60-day comment period that ended on September 1, 2016, the Census 
Bureau received 77,958 comment submissions \4\ that contained 77,995 
total comments in response to the proposed residence criteria and 
situations. A summary of these comments and the Census Bureau's 
responses are included in section B of this document.
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    \3\ The Proposed 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence 
Situations are the same as the Final 2020 Census Residence Criteria 
and Residence Situations that are provided in Section C.
    \4\ Of the 77,958 comment submissions, 2,958 contained unique 
content and 75,000 were duplicates.
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    Section C of this document provides the Final 2020 Census Residence 
Criteria and Residence Situations.\5\
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    \5\ The Census Bureau used the term ``Residence Rule and 
Residence Situations'' when referring to the 2010 version of this 
documentation and in portions of previous publications in the 
Federal Register in 2015 and 2016 regarding this topic. However, in 
this document, and in the foreseeable future, the Census Bureau will 
use the term ``Residence Criteria and Residence Situations.''
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B. Summary of Comments Received in Response to the ``Proposed 2020 
Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations''

    On June 30, 2016, the Census Bureau published a document in the 
Federal Register asking for public comment on the ``Proposed 2020 
Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations.'' Of the 77,995 
comments received, 77,887 pertained to prisoners,\6\ and 44 pertained 
to overseas military personnel. There were four comments on health care 
facilities. There were three comments on each of the following 
residence situations: Foreign citizens in the United States, juvenile 
facilities, and people in shelters and/or experiencing homelessness. 
There were two comments on each of the following residence situations: 
Boarding school students, college students, group homes and residential 
treatment centers for adults, transitory locations, visitors on Census 
Day, people who live or stay in more than one place, merchant marine 
personnel, and religious group quarters. There was one comment on each 
of the rest of the residence situations [people away from their usual 
residence on Census Day (e.g., on vacation or business trip); people 
living outside the United States; people moving into or out of a 
residence around Census Day; people who are born or who die around

[[Page 5527]]

Census Day; relatives and nonrelatives; residential schools for people 
with disabilities; housing for older adults; U.S. military personnel; 
and workers' residential facilities]. The Census Bureau also received 
one comment on the concept of usual residence, seven general comments 
on the overall residence criteria, and 18 comments on other issues not 
directly related to the residence criteria or any specific residence 
situation.
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    \6\ The majority of comments received on this topic used the 
terms `prisoner,' `incarcerated,' or `inmate.' Although the 
terminology is not exactly what we use in the residence criteria 
documentation, we believe the context of the comments suggests the 
comments apply to people in Federal and State Prisons, Local Jails 
and Other Municipal Confinement Facilities, and possibly Federal 
Detention Centers and Correctional Facilities Intended for 
Juveniles. References in this document to ``prisons,'' or 
``prisoners,'' should be interpreted as referring to all of these 
types of facilities.
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1. Comments on Prisoners

    Of the 77,887 comments pertaining to prisoners, 77,863 suggested 
that prisoners should be counted at their home or pre-incarceration 
address. The rationales included in these comments were as follows.
     Almost all commenters either directly suggested, or 
alluded to the view, that counting prisoners at the prison inflates the 
political power of the area where the prison is located, and deflates 
the political power in the prisoners' home communities. These 
commenters stated that this distorts the redistricting process by 
allowing officials to count prisoners as ``residents'' of the districts 
where they are imprisoned, even though the prisoners are not allowed to 
vote during the time that they are confined in that district.
    [cir] Similarly, many commenters suggested that counting prisoners 
away from their home address goes against the principle of equal 
representation. Some commenters more specifically suggested that the 
practice potentially violates the Voting Rights Act and/or the U.S. 
constitutional commitment to one person, one vote. A couple of 
commenters stated that the practice differs from certain international 
guidelines.
    [cir] A few commenters stated that counting prisoners at the 
correctional facilities can also negatively impact the communities in 
which the prisons are located by distorting and/or complicating the 
redistricting process at the local level (e.g., county commissions, 
city councils, and school boards).
    [cir] Some commenters stated that the current residence criteria 
for prisoners are inconsistent with certain states' laws regarding 
residency for elections (i.e., some state laws specifically say that a 
correctional facility is not a residence).
    [cir] Some commenters stated that some states and many local 
governments already adjust their population data to remove prisoners 
when drawing their districts. However, these commenters also suggested 
that this ``piecemeal'' approach at the local level is inefficient and 
cannot fully resolve the issues associated with where prisoners are 
counted.
     Most commenters suggested that counting prisoners at the 
prison inaccurately represents the population counts and demographic 
characteristics of prisoners' home communities, as well as the 
communities where the prisons are located. These commenters stated that 
prisoners typically come from urban, underserved communities whose 
populations are disproportionately African-American and Latino, while 
prisons are more likely to be located in largely White (non-Hispanic) 
rural communities, far from the actual homes of the prisoners. 
Therefore, most commenters also suggested that counting prisoners at 
the prisons disproportionally harms communities with high proportions 
of minorities, by preventing their home communities from receiving 
their fair share of representation and funding.
     Many commenters stated that the incarcerated population 
has increased significantly in recent decades. Some commenters also 
stated that, throughout the long history of the decennial census, the 
Census Bureau has previously evolved and reevaluated its residence 
criteria in response to other historical changes in demographics and 
normative living situations (e.g., the 1950 change to how college 
students were counted). Therefore, they suggested that the changes in 
the prisoner population and patterns of prison locations during recent 
decades warrant a similar evolution of the residence criteria.
     Some commenters suggested that the Census Bureau should 
change its interpretation of the concept of ``usual residence'' (i.e., 
as the place where a person lives and sleeps most of the time), as it 
relates to incarcerated people. To support this suggestion, commenters 
used various rationales.
    [cir] Some commenters suggested that prisoners do not have enduring 
social ties or allegiance to the community where they are incarcerated. 
To explain this, some commenters more specifically stated that 
prisoners cannot interact with the community where they are 
incarcerated, are there involuntarily, and generally do not plan to 
remain in that community upon their release. A few commenters also 
stated that the governmental representatives of the community where the 
prison is located do not serve the prisoners, or they stated that 
prisoners are not constituents of the community where the prison is 
located. These commenters further stated that prisoners rely, instead, 
on the representative services of the legislators in their pre-
incarceration communities.
    [cir] Some commenters suggested that the correctional facility 
where a prisoner is located on Census Day is not where a prisoner 
spends most of their time.
    [ssquf] Some supported this suggestion by stating that counting 
incarcerated people at the facility in which they are housed on Census 
Day ignores the transient and temporary nature of incarceration. These 
commenters stated that incarcerated people are typically transferred 
multiple times between various correctional facilities during the time 
between when they are arrested and when they are released.
    [ssquf] Some supported this suggestion by focusing on local jails. 
They stated that, while the length of incarceration for prison inmates 
is typically more than one year, about a third of all inmates (in 
prisons and jails) are jail inmates, and the typical length of 
incarceration for jail inmates is much shorter than one year (i.e., a 
few days to a few weeks). A few also stated that the majority of jail 
inmates have not been convicted of a crime, or stated that they are 
awaiting trial and presumed innocent until proven guilty.
    [ssquf] A few supported this suggestion by stating that, if your 
measuring stick is the 10-year period for which the decennial census 
counts affect representation, funding, and policies, most prisoners are 
incarcerated for less than 10 years.
    [cir] A few commenters suggested that multiple factors must be 
considered together when determining the correct place to count certain 
types of people, such as prisoners, who do not easily align with the 
standard definition of usual residence. Therefore, they stated that a 
one-size-fits-all approach of focusing solely on where people live and 
sleep most of the time is not appropriate for determining where to 
count prisoners.
    [cir] A few commenters suggested that only prisoners who are 
serving long-term sentences, such as longer than six months or a year, 
should be counted at the facility, and that prisoners serving shorter 
terms should be counted at their usual residence outside of the 
facility.
     Some commenters suggested that the treatment of prisoners 
is inconsistent with the treatment of other residence situations in 
which people are temporarily living or staying away from their 
permanent address (e.g., travelers and snowbirds). A few stated that 
the proposed residence criteria make it appear as if the Census Bureau 
plans to count boarding school students, deployed military personnel, 
truck drivers, members of Congress, and/or juveniles in residential 
treatment

[[Page 5528]]

facilities at their home address, even if they do not spend most of 
their time there.
     Some commenters suggested that the number/proportion of 
comments submitted on this issue indicates that there is an 
overwhelming consensus urging a change to how prisoners are counted in 
the census.
     A few commenters suggested that the Census Bureau has 
acknowledged the need to correct its own data by proposing to help 
states with post-census population adjustments.
    [cir] Some of these commenters suggested that ``this ad hoc 
approach is neither efficient nor universally implementable.'' Some 
also stated that many states have laws that would prevent them from 
using such alternative data to adjust their Census counts for 
redistricting, and that many states may not have the resources to 
gather the necessary data to provide to the Census Bureau. Some also 
expressed concerns about the states' inability to provide data on 
federal prisoners and prisoners who are incarcerated in another state.
    [cir] Therefore, some of these commenters suggested that the only 
way to implement a consistent solution for the entire United States is 
for the Census Bureau to change the way it counts prisoners. A few also 
suggested that the Census Bureau would be best able to accomplish this 
change if all correctional facilities (local, state, and federal) and/
or all state and federal corrections departments were required to 
collect and maintain accurate records on each prisoner's home/pre-
incarceration address.
    Four comments were in support of counting prisoners at the 
correctional facility. All of these commenters suggested that the 
correctional facility is the prisoner's usual residence, or where they 
live and sleep most of the time (i.e., prisoners are usually in prison, 
or away from their pre-incarceration address, for relatively long 
periods of time, such as one year or more). One commenter further 
stated that, because people are usually sent to prison for more than 
one year, they are not considered to be only ``temporary residents'' of 
the prison under many government regulations (other than the Census 
Bureau's). One commenter suggested that it makes sense to count 
prisoners at the facility because the communities in which the 
facilities are located are responsible for providing emergency response 
and certain law enforcement services to those facilities, as well as 
providing road maintenance and hospitality services (e.g., hotels and 
restaurants) for the family and friends of the prisoners who travel to 
the facility for visitation.
    One commenter suggested that counting prisoners at their ``home 
address'' would create unreasonable burden on the census process 
because of the considerable time and effort that would be necessary, 
both on the part of the facility administrators who would need to 
research and maintain the address records, and on the census 
enumerators who would need to collect and ensure the accuracy of the 
addresses. One commenter stated that any approach that would count 
prisoners somewhere other than the prison would likely result in a 
national undercount due to the difficulty in tracking inmates in 
transit. One commenter stated that it is not the Census Bureau's 
responsibility to facilitate states' redistricting activities beyond 
their currently proposed activities (i.e., providing the redistricting 
data file, identifying the group quarters counts at the block level, 
and the proposed option to geocode prisoner addresses if they are 
provided by the state to the Census Bureau).
    Twenty comments were neutral regarding where to count prisoners, in 
that they did not state whether they thought that prisoners should be 
counted at the facility or at some other address. Many of these 
commenters stated the importance of equal representation for all. Some 
stated that prisoners should have the right to vote. A few further 
clarified that prisoners should have the right to vote if they are 
going to be counted as residents (of any place) for redistricting 
purposes, or vice versa (i.e., if prisoners do not have the right to 
vote, then they should not be counted). One specifically stated that 
incarcerated people should not be counted at all (either at the 
facility or elsewhere) because they committed a crime and are not 
legally eligible to vote. A few commenters stated concerns regarding 
the fairness or effectiveness of the criminal justice system.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for correctional 
facilities (Sections C.13.e, C.15, and C.17.a). The practice of 
counting prisoners at the correctional facility is consistent with the 
concept of usual residence, as established by the Census Act of 1790. 
As noted in section A.1 of this document, ``usual residence'' is 
defined as the place where a person lives and sleeps most of the time, 
which is not always the same as their legal residence, voting 
residence, or where they prefer to be counted. Therefore, counting 
prisoners anywhere other than the facility would be less consistent 
with the concept of usual residence, since the majority of people in 
prisons live and sleep most of the time at the prison.
    States are responsible for legislative redistricting. The Census 
Bureau works closely with the states and recognizes that some states 
have decided, or may decide in the future, to `move' their prisoner 
population back to the prisoners' pre-incarceration addresses for 
redistricting and other purposes. Therefore, following the 2020 Census, 
the Census Bureau plans to offer a product that states can request, in 
order to assist them in their goals of reallocating their own prisoner 
population counts. Any state that requests this product will be 
required to submit a data file (indicating where each prisoner was 
incarcerated on Census Day, as well as their pre-incarceration address) 
in a specified format. The Census Bureau will review the submitted file 
and, if it includes the necessary data, provide a product that contains 
supplemental information the state can use to construct alternative 
within-state tabulations for its own purposes. However, the Census 
Bureau will not use the state-provided data in this product to make any 
changes to the official decennial census counts.
    The Census Bureau also plans to provide group quarters data after 
the 2020 Census sooner than it was provided after the 2010 Census. For 
the 2010 Census, the Census Bureau released the Advance Group Quarters 
Summary File showing the seven major types of group quarters, including 
correctional facilities for adults and juvenile facilities. This early 
\7\ release of data on the group quarters population was beneficial to 
many data users, including those in the redistricting community who 
must consider whether to include or exclude certain populations when 
redrawing boundaries as a result of state legislation. The Census 
Bureau is planning to incorporate similar group quarters information in 
the standard Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File for 
2020.
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    \7\ The Advance Group Quarters Summary File was released on 
April 20, 2011, which was earlier than when that GQ data was 
originally planned to be released in the Summary File 1 that was 
released on June 16-August 25, 2011. The earlier release made it 
easier to use these GQ data in conjunction with the Redistricting 
Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, which was released on 
February 3-March 24, 2011.
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2. Comments on the Military Overseas

    Of the 44 comments received pertaining to the military overseas, 40 
supported the Census Bureau proposal

[[Page 5529]]

to treat military personnel who are temporarily deployed overseas on a 
short-term basis differently than military personnel who are stationed 
overseas on a more long-term basis. More specifically, most of these 
commenters suggested that military personnel who are deployed overseas 
should be counted at their usual residence in the United States where 
they were stationed at the time they were deployed, and included in the 
local community-level resident population counts.
    Many commenters stated that counting deployed military personnel at 
their usual residence (where they are stationed) in the United States 
would more accurately reflect the social and economic impact that these 
personnel members have on the communities where they usually work, 
recreate, and reside. Many commenters similarly stated that deployed 
personnel should be counted at their usual residence in the United 
States in order to ensure that the communities surrounding military 
bases are able to obtain the necessary resources and funding to support 
the soldiers who serve our country and their families, as well as 
accurate data to inform community planning. These commenters stated 
that the aforementioned planning, funding, and other resources would 
support community services such as police and fire departments, 
schools, roads, parks, utilities, and other infrastructure and 
amenities.
    Some commenters stated that deployments from specific military 
bases typically happen in surges to support specific events, such as 
combat missions or natural disasters. Therefore, these commenters 
suggested that, if an event like this happens around the time of the 
census enumeration, then the population of the community surrounding 
that military base would be grossly undercounted if the deployed 
personnel were not counted there. One commenter suggested that counting 
deployed personnel at their usual residence would produce more 
consistent results than counting them at their home of record because 
the Department of Defense records on military personnel members' home 
of record \8\ were not well maintained prior to the 2010 Census.
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    \8\ Home of record is generally the permanent home of the person 
at the time of entry or re-enlistment into the Armed Forces, as 
included on personnel files. For the 2010 Census, if home of record 
information was not available for a person, the Department of 
Defense used the person's ``legal residence'' (the residence a 
member declares for state income tax withholding purposes), or 
thirdly, ``last duty station,'' to assign a home state.
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    Some commenters suggested that the military member's permanent duty 
station from which they were deployed is their usual residence (i.e., 
where they live and sleep most of the time), and some commenters stated 
that counting deployed personnel at their usual residence in the United 
States would be consistent with how the Census Bureau counts other 
people who are temporarily away for work purposes. A few commenters 
stated that deployments are typically short in duration, and one 
commenter stated that the Army plans to further shorten the length of 
deployments in the future. A few commenters stated that deployed 
personnel must return to their permanent duty station in the United 
States after the deployment ends, and a few commenters stated that many 
deployed personnel have families that live with them at their permanent 
duty station and maintain their residence while the military member is 
deployed.
    Some commenters stated that many of the family members of deployed 
military were confused during the 2010 Census about whether they should 
count themselves at their usual residence because they were instructed 
that their deployed family member would be counted through 
administrative records, and they assumed the same would be true for 
them as well. One of these commenters stated that proposed residence 
guidance for how deployed personnel would be counted in the 2020 Census 
should reduce some of this confusion. However, all of these commenters 
encouraged the Census Bureau to conduct a strong communication and 
outreach program to ensure that all family members of deployed 
personnel are made aware of the fact that they still need to complete 
the census questionnaire for themselves.
    One commenter expressed concern about footnote 5 in the proposed 
residence criteria documentation, which said: ``The ability to 
successfully integrate the DOD data on deployed personnel into the 
resident population counts must be evaluated and confirmed prior to the 
2020 Census.'' The commenter was worried that the proposed change for 
counting deployed military might not be implemented if the research and 
evaluations are not completed before final decisions must be made, and 
they suggested that such research is not necessary because the Census 
Bureau already uses data from the Defense Manpower Data Center when 
producing annual population estimates at the national, state, and 
county levels. This commenter also recommended that if the proposed 
change for counting deployed military is implemented for the 2020 
Census, then the Census Bureau should also ensure that the methodology 
used to produce the annual population estimates is revised accordingly.
    One commenter expressed support for the proposal to include 
military and civilian employees of the U.S. government who are deployed 
or stationed/assigned overseas and are not U.S. citizens (but must be 
legal U.S. residents to meet the requirements for federal employment) 
in the Federally Affiliated Overseas Count, because these people have 
met the requirements to qualify for federal employment and have pledged 
to serve our country. They also stated that this proposal would be 
consistent with the fact that citizenship status is not a requirement 
for determining a person's residence.
    Three comments opposed the proposal to count deployed military at 
their usual residence in the United States from which they were 
deployed. One commenter suggested that all overseas military personnel 
should be counted in the same way, and that there is not a good reason 
to treat deployed personnel as a separate category from personnel who 
are stationed overseas. One commenter suggested that the Census Bureau 
should continue to count all overseas military personnel, including 
those who are deployed, in the state where they lived when they 
enlisted (i.e., their home of record) because military personnel are 
typically reassigned to a different permanent duty station every few 
years throughout their career, and their home of record is where they 
have the strongest ties. One commenter suggested that the Census Bureau 
should not implement the proposed change to how deployed military are 
counted because that change would weaken the argument for continuing to 
count prisoners at the correctional facility where they are 
incarcerated on Census Day. This commenter also recommended that the 
Census Bureau should make a stronger case for the distinction between 
these two large populations (i.e., deployed military personnel versus 
prisoners).
    One comment was neutral regarding where to count overseas military 
personnel, in that they did not state where they thought deployed 
personnel should be counted. They simply stated that it appeared that 
not all of the locally stationed military personnel and their 
dependents were being counted, and asked for more information on 
whether this was true and/or how to ensure they were counted in the 
future.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will

[[Page 5530]]

retain the proposed residence situation guidance for overseas military 
personnel (Sections C.4.a-b and C.13.f-g). This guidance makes a 
distinction between personnel who are deployed overseas and those who 
are stationed or assigned overseas. Deployments are typically short in 
duration, and the deployed personnel will be returning to their usual 
residence where they are stationed or assigned in the United States 
after their temporary deployment ends. Personnel stationed or assigned 
overseas generally remain overseas for longer periods of time and often 
do not return to the previous stateside location from which they left. 
Therefore, counting deployed personnel at their usual residence in the 
United States follows the standard interpretation of the residence 
criteria to count people at their usual residence if they are 
temporarily away for work purposes.
    The Census Bureau will use administrative data from the Department 
of Defense to count deployed personnel at their usual residence in the 
United States for apportionment purposes and for inclusion in the 
resident population counts. The Census Bureau will count military and 
civilian employees of the U.S. government who are stationed or assigned 
outside the United States, and their dependents living with them, in 
their home state, for apportionment purposes only, using administrative 
data provided by the Department of Defense and the other federal 
agencies that employ them.
    The Census Bureau has been communicating with stakeholders from 
various military communities and plans to work closely with military 
stakeholders to plan and carry out the enumeration of military 
personnel. As the planning process moves forward, there will be 
continued testing of our process for integrating DOD data on deployed 
personnel into the resident population counts.

3. Comments on Health Care Facilities

    Four comments were related to health care facilities. One commenter 
simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's proposal 
regarding how to count people in health care facilities. One commenter 
suggested that the Census Bureau add residence guidance specifically 
regarding memory care centers as a separate category from nursing 
facilities because the nature of Alzheimer's disease and Dementia 
necessitates that these patients be enumerated through administrative 
records in order to ensure the accuracy of the data. One commenter 
suggested that people in psychiatric facilities should be counted at 
the residence where they were living before they entered the facility 
because they will most likely return to their prior community, which is 
where they would normally vote. This commenter also stated that these 
people should be counted in their prior communities in order to ensure 
that those communities receive the proper allocation of representatives 
and resources.
    One commenter similarly suggested that people living in psychiatric 
hospitals on Census Day should be counted at the residence where they 
sleep most of the time, and only counted at the facility if they do not 
have a usual home elsewhere. They stated that the Census Bureau 
misunderstands the functioning of state and private psychiatric 
hospitals, which today provide primarily acute and short term treatment 
(e.g., less than two weeks, in most cases). They also stated that most 
patients in these facilities are likely to have a permanent residence 
elsewhere. The same commenter also stated that the Census Bureau's 
proposal for how to count people in nursing/skilled-nursing facilities 
does not best capture the experience of people with disabilities who 
are in the process of transitioning from group housing to more 
independent housing. Therefore, the commenter suggested that the Census 
Bureau should alter the proposed guidance in order to allow people in 
nursing/skilled-nursing facilities to be counted at a residence to 
which they are actively preparing to transition.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for health care 
facilities (Section C.11). Separate residence guidance was not added 
for memory care centers because these types of facilities would be 
considered subcategories of assisted living facilities and nursing 
facilities/skilled nursing facilities (Section C.11), and the guidance 
provided for these types of facilities is sufficient. Patients in 
mental (psychiatric) hospitals and psychiatric units in other hospitals 
(where the primary function is for long-term non-acute care) will be 
counted at the facility because the facilities or units within the 
facilities are primarily serving long-term non-acute patients who live 
and sleep at the facility most of time. Because people must be counted 
at their current usual residence, rather than a future usual residence, 
the residence guidance for patients in nursing/skilled-nursing 
facilities will not be revised to allow some people to be counted at a 
residence to which they are actively preparing to transition. Comments 
on health care facilities not addressed in this section were considered 
out of scope for this document.

4. Comments on Foreign Citizens in the United States

    Three comments were related to foreign citizens in the United 
States. One commenter simply stated that they agree with the Census 
Bureau's proposal regarding how foreign citizens are counted. One 
commenter suggested that the Census Bureau should add wording to 
clarify whether foreign ``snowbirds'' (i.e., foreign citizens who stay 
in a seasonal residence in the United States for multiple months) are 
considered to be ``living'' in the United States or only ``visiting'' 
the United States. In order to more accurately reflect the impact of 
foreign snowbirds on local jurisdictions in the United States, this 
commenter suggested defining those who are ``living'' in the United 
States as those who are ``living or staying in the United States for an 
extended period of time exceeding ____months.'' One commenter expressed 
concern about the impact of including undocumented people in the 
population counts for redistricting because these people cannot vote, 
and they stated that this practice encourages gerrymandering. This 
commenter suggested collecting data to identify the citizen voting age 
population (CVAP), so that the data could be used to prevent 
gerrymandering in gateway communities during the redistricting process.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for foreign citizens 
in the United States (Section C.3). Foreign citizens are considered to 
be ``living'' in the United States if, at the time of the census, they 
are living and sleeping most of the time at a residence in the United 
States. Section C.3 provides sufficient guidance for foreign citizens 
either living in or visiting the United States. Section C.5 provides 
additional guidance regarding ``snowbirds.'' Comments on foreign 
citizens in the United States not addressed in this section were 
considered out of scope for this document.

5. Comments on Juvenile Facilities

    Three comments were related to juvenile facilities. One commenter 
simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's proposal 
regarding how to count juveniles in non-correctional residential 
treatment centers. One commenter stated that

[[Page 5531]]

juveniles in all three types of juvenile facilities (i.e., correctional 
facilities, non-correctional group homes, and non-correctional 
residential treatment centers) should be counted at their usual 
residence. One commenter similarly stated that people in juvenile 
facilities should be counted at their usual residence outside the 
facility, but the context of the comment showed that this commenter was 
referring mostly to correctional facilities for juveniles (rather than 
non-correctional group homes and non-correctional residential treatment 
centers).
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for juvenile 
facilities (Section C.17). People in correctional facilities for 
juveniles and non-correctional group homes for juveniles will be 
counted at the facility because the majority of people in these types 
of facilities live and sleep there most of the time. People in non-
correctional residential treatment centers for juveniles will be 
counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time (or 
at the facility if they do not have a usual home elsewhere) because 
these people typically stay at the facility temporarily and often have 
a usual home elsewhere to return to after treatment is completed.

6. Comments on People in Shelters and People Experiencing Homelessness

    Three comments were related to people in shelters and people 
experiencing homelessness. One expressed agreement with the Census 
Bureau's proposal regarding how to count people in all of the 
subcategories of this residence situation except for the subcategory of 
people in domestic violence shelters. This commenter suggested that 
people in domestic violence shelters should be allowed to be counted at 
their last residence address prior to the shelter, due to the temporary 
nature of their stay and the confidentiality of that shelter's 
location. One commenter suggested that the Census Bureau add residence 
guidance specifically regarding ``temporarily moved persons due to 
emergencies'' (e.g., displaced from their home by a hurricane or 
earthquake). This commenter stated that these people should be counted 
``in their normal prior residential locations'' (if they state the 
intention to return to that prior location after their home is 
repaired/rebuilt) so that accurate decisions can be made regarding 
funding for rebuilding and infrastructure restoration in those 
locations. One commenter requested that the Census Bureau publish 
national and/or state level population counts for the subcategory of 
people in emergency and transitional shelters with sleeping facilities 
for people experiencing homelessness. This commenter stated that these 
data are important to both housing advocates trying to assess the 
housing needs of people with disabilities, and to legal advocates 
working to enforce the community integration mandates of the Americans 
with Disabilities Act.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for people in shelters 
and people experiencing homelessness (Section C.21).
    The proposed residence guidance already allows people who are 
temporarily displaced by natural disasters to be counted at their usual 
residence to which they intend to return. People in temporary group 
living quarters established for victims of natural disasters will be 
counted where they live and sleep most of the time (or at the facility 
if they do not report a usual home elsewhere). In addition, people who 
are temporarily displaced or experiencing homelessness, and are staying 
in a residence for a short or indefinite period of time, will be 
counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If 
they cannot determine a place where they live most of the time, they 
will be counted where they are staying on Census Day.

7. Comments on College Students and Boarding School Students

    Two comments were related to boarding school students, and two 
comments were related to college students. One commenter simply stated 
that they agree with the Census Bureau's proposal regarding how to 
count boarding school students and college students. One commenter 
suggested that they agree with counting college students at their 
college residence because that would better ensure that all college 
students are counted in the census. One commenter suggested that 
boarding school students should be counted at the school because that 
is where they live and sleep most of the time, and they participate in 
(and consume the resources of) the community where the school is 
located. This commenter also stated that counting boarding school 
students at their parental home is inconsistent with the fact that 
college students are counted at their college residence, considering 
that college students are often just as dependent on their parents as 
boarding school students.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for college students 
(Section C.10.a-e) and boarding school students (Section C.9.a). The 
Census Bureau has historically counted boarding school students at 
their parental home, and will continue doing so because of the 
students' age and dependency on their parents, and the likelihood that 
they will return to their parents' residence when they are not 
attending their boarding school (e.g., weekends, summer/winter breaks, 
and when they stop attending the school).

8. Comments on Non-Correctional Adult Group Homes and Residential 
Treatment Centers

    Two comments were related to adult group homes and residential 
treatment centers. One commenter suggested that all people in adult 
group homes and adult residential treatment centers should be counted 
at their usual residence other than the facility, because counting them 
at the facility is not consistent with their state's definition of 
residence. One commenter stated that the Census Bureau's proposal for 
how to count people in adult group homes does not best capture the 
experience of people with disabilities who are in the process of 
transitioning from group housing to more independent housing. 
Therefore, the commenter suggested that the Census Bureau should alter 
the proposed guidance in order to allow people in adult group homes to 
be counted at a residence to which they are actively preparing to 
transition. The same commenter also requested that the Census Bureau 
publish national and/or state level population counts for the 
subcategories of people in adult group homes and adult residential 
treatment centers. This commenter stated that these data are important 
to both housing advocates trying to assess the housing needs of people 
with disabilities, and to legal advocates working to enforce the 
community integration mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for people in non-
correctional adult group homes and residential treatment centers 
(Section C.16). People in non-correctional group homes for adults will 
be counted at the facility because the majority of people in these 
types of facilities live and sleep there most of the time. People in 
non-correctional residential treatment centers for adults will be 
counted at the residence where they live and sleep

[[Page 5532]]

most of the time (or at the facility if they do not have a usual home 
elsewhere) because these people typically stay at the facility 
temporarily and often have a usual home elsewhere to return to after 
treatment is completed.
    The residence guidance for people in adult group homes will not be 
revised to allow some people to be counted at a residence to which they 
are actively preparing to transition because people must be counted at 
their current usual residence, rather than a future usual residence. 
Comments on non-correctional adult group homes and residential 
treatment centers not addressed in this section were considered out of 
scope for this document.

9. Comments on Transitory Locations

    Two comments were related to transitory locations. One commenter 
simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's proposal 
regarding how to count people in transitory locations. One commenter 
stated that the proposed residence guidance for transitory locations is 
acceptable because it is consistent with the concept of usual 
residence. However, they were concerned that the procedures used in the 
2010 Census may have caused certain types of people to not be counted 
in the census because these people typically move seasonally from one 
transitory location (e.g., RV park) to another throughout the year, but 
the location where they are staying on Census Day may not be the 
location where they spend most of the year. This commenter stated that, 
during the 2010 Census, if the transitory location where a person was 
staying on Census Day was not where they stayed most of the time, then 
they were not enumerated at that location because the assumption was 
that they would be enumerated at their usual residence. Therefore, the 
commenter was concerned that people who stayed in one RV park for a few 
months around Census Day were not counted at that RV park if they 
indicated that they usually lived elsewhere (e.g., another RV park), 
and they would also not have been counted at that other RV park when 
they are there later that year (after the census enumeration period 
ends). The commenter suggested that we add procedures to account for 
people who spend most of their time in a combination of multiple 
transitory locations.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for people in 
transitory locations (Section C.18). Sufficient guidance for people in 
transitory locations, including those living in recreational vehicles, 
is provided in Section C.18. Comments on transitory locations not 
addressed in this section were considered out of scope for this 
document.

10. Comments on Visitors on Census Day

    Two comments were related to visitors on Census Day. One commenter 
simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's proposal 
regarding how to count visitors on Census Day. One commenter asked 
whether the Census Bureau would count all vacationers in a specific 
state as residents of that state.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for visitors on Census 
Day (Section C.2). People who are temporarily visiting a location on 
Census Day will be counted where they live and sleep most of the time. 
If they do not have a usual residence to return to, they will be 
counted where they are staying on Census Day.

11. Comments on People Who Live or Stay in More Than One Place

    Two comments were related to people who live or stay in more than 
one place. One commenter simply stated that they agree with the Census 
Bureau's proposal regarding how to count people who live or stay in 
more than one place. One commenter suggested that the Census Bureau add 
more clarification to the residence guidance regarding where 
``snowbirds'' (i.e., seasonal residents) are counted.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for people who live or 
stay in more than one place (Section C.5). People who travel seasonally 
between residences (e.g., snowbirds) will be counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a 
place where they live most of the time, they will be counted where they 
are staying on Census Day.

12. Comments on Merchant Marine Personnel

    Two comments were related to merchant marine personnel, and both 
commenters simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's 
proposal regarding how to count merchant marine personnel.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for merchant marine 
personnel (Section C.14).

13. Comments on Religious Group Quarters

    Two comments were related to religious group quarters. One 
commenter simply stated that they agree with the Census Bureau's 
proposal regarding how to count people in religious group quarters. One 
commenter expressed agreement with the proposal because most religious 
group quarters are long-term residences that align with the concept of 
usual residence.
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed residence situation guidance for religious group 
quarters (Section C.20).

14. Comments on Other Residence Situations

    There was one letter that included a comment on every residence 
situation, and each of those topic-specific comments was included as 
appropriate among the comments regarding the corresponding residence 
situations discussed above. However, for each of the other residence 
situations not already discussed above, the commenter stated that they 
agreed with how the Census Bureau proposed to count people in the 
following residence situations.
     People away from their usual residence on Census Day 
(e.g., on vacation or business trip) (Section C.1).
     People living outside the United States (Section C.4).
     People moving into or out of a residence around Census Day 
(Section C.6).
     People who are born or who die around Census Day (Section 
C.7).
     Relatives and nonrelatives (Section C.8).
     Residential schools for people with disabilities (Section 
C.9.b-c).
     Housing for older adults (Section C.12).
     Stateside military personnel (Section C.13.a-e).
     Workers' residential facilities (Section C.19).
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the proposed guidance for the residence situations listed in 
this section (B.14).

15. Comments on the Concept of Usual Residence or the General Residence 
Criteria

    There was one comment on the concept of usual residence, in which 
the commenter expressed agreement with

[[Page 5533]]

the definition of ``usual residence'' as being the place where a person 
lives and sleeps most of the time.
    There were seven comments on the general residence criteria. One 
commenter simply supported the entire residence criteria and residence 
situations documentation. Two commenters stated that they specifically 
agree with the three main principles of the residence criteria. One 
commenter disagreed with ``this method of tallying the U.S. 
population,'' but did not refer to any specific residence situation. 
One commenter stated that every resident should be counted in the 
census. One commenter stated that every citizen should be counted in 
the census. One commenter suggested that the Census Bureau count people 
who are away from their home at the time of the census using a code to 
indicate the reason why they are away (e.g., travel, work, 
incarceration, etc.).
    Census Bureau Response: For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will 
retain the three main principles of the residence criteria (see 
introduction portion of section C). The goal of the decennial census is 
to count all people who are living in the United States on Census Day 
at their usual residence. Comments on the concept of usual residence or 
general residence criteria not addressed in this section were 
considered out of scope for this document.

16. Other Comments

    There were 18 comments that did not directly address the residence 
criteria or any particular residence situation.
    Census Bureau Response: Comments that did not directly address the 
residence criteria or any particular residence situation are out of 
scope for this document.

C. The Final 2020 Census Residence Criteria and Residence Situations

    The Residence Criteria are used to determine where people are 
counted during the 2020 Census. The Criteria say:
     Count people at their usual residence, which is the place 
where they live and sleep most of the time.
     People in certain types of group facilities on Census Day 
are counted at the group facility.
     People who do not have a usual residence, or who cannot 
determine a usual residence, are counted where they are on Census Day.
    The following sections describe how the Residence Criteria apply to 
certain living situations for which people commonly request 
clarification.

1. People Away From Their Usual Residence on Census Day

    People away from their usual residence on Census Day, such as on a 
vacation or a business trip, visiting, traveling outside the United 
States, or working elsewhere without a usual residence there (for 
example, as a truck driver or traveling salesperson)--Counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time.

2. Visitors on Census Day

    Visitors on Census Day--Counted at the residence where they live 
and sleep most of the time. If they do not have a usual residence to 
return to, they are counted where they are staying on Census Day.

3. Foreign Citizens in the United States

    (a) Citizens of foreign countries living in the United States--
Counted at the U.S. residence where they live and sleep most of the 
time.
    (b) Citizens of foreign countries living in the United States who 
are members of the diplomatic community--Counted at the embassy, 
consulate, United Nations' facility, or other residences where 
diplomats live.
    (c) Citizens of foreign countries visiting the United States, such 
as on a vacation or business trip--Not counted in the census.

4. People Living Outside the United States

    (a) People deployed outside the United States \9\ on Census Day 
(while stationed or assigned in the United States) who are military or 
civilian employees of the U.S. government--Counted at the U.S. 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time, using 
administrative data provided by federal agencies.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ In this document, ``Outside the United States'' and 
``foreign port'' are defined as being anywhere outside the 
geographical area of the 50 United States and the District of 
Columbia. Therefore, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. 
Virgin Islands, the Pacific Island Areas (American Samoa, Guam, and 
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), and all foreign 
countries are considered to be ``outside the United States.'' 
Conversely, ``stateside,'' ``U.S. homeport,'' and ``U.S. port'' are 
defined as being anywhere in the 50 United States and the District 
of Columbia.
    \10\ Military and civilian employees of the U.S. government who 
are deployed or stationed/assigned outside the United States (and 
their dependents living with them outside the United States) are 
counted using administrative data provided by the Department of 
Defense and the other federal agencies that employ them. If they are 
deployed outside the United States (while stationed/assigned in the 
United States), the administrative data are used to count them at 
their usual residence in the United States. Otherwise, if they are 
stationed/assigned outside the United States, the administrative 
data are used to count them (and their dependents living with them 
outside the United States) in their home state for apportionment 
purposes only.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) People stationed or assigned outside the United States on 
Census Day who are military or civilian employees of the U.S. 
government, as well as their dependents living with them outside the 
United States--Counted as part of the U.S. federally affiliated 
overseas population, using administrative data provided by federal 
agencies.
    (c) People living outside the United States on Census Day who are 
not military or civilian employees of the U.S. government and are not 
dependents living with military or civilian employees of the U.S. 
government--Not counted in the stateside census.

5. People Who Live or Stay in More Than One Place

    (a) People living away most of the time while working, such as 
people who live at a residence close to where they work and return 
regularly to another residence--Counted at the residence where they 
live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where 
they live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (b) People who live or stay at two or more residences (during the 
week, month, or year), such as people who travel seasonally between 
residences (for example, snowbirds)--Counted at the residence where 
they live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place 
where they live most of the time, they are counted where they are 
staying on Census Day.
    (c) Children in shared custody or other arrangements who live at 
more than one residence--Counted at the residence where they live and 
sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where they 
live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.

6. People Moving Into or Out of a Residence Around Census Day

    (a) People who move into a new residence on or before Census Day--
Counted at the new residence where they are living on Census Day.
    (b) People who move out of a residence on Census Day and do not 
move into a new residence until after Census Day--Counted at the old 
residence where they were living on Census Day.
    (c) People who move out of a residence before Census Day and do not 
move into a new residence until after Census Day--Counted at the 
residence where they are staying on Census Day.

[[Page 5534]]

7. People Who Are Born or Who Die Around Census Day

    (a) Babies born on or before Census Day--Counted at the residence 
where they will live and sleep most of the time, even if they are still 
in a hospital on Census Day.
    (b) Babies born after Census Day--Not counted in the census.
    (c) People who die before Census Day--Not counted in the census.
    (d) People who die on or after Census Day--Counted at the residence 
where they were living and sleeping most of the time as of Census Day.

8. Relatives and Nonrelatives

    (a) Babies and children of all ages, including biological, step, 
and adopted children, as well as grandchildren--Counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot 
determine a place where they live most of the time, they are counted 
where they are staying on Census Day. (Only count babies born on or 
before Census Day.)
    (b) Foster children--Counted at the residence where they live and 
sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where they 
live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (c) Spouses and close relatives, such as parents or siblings--
Counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If 
they cannot determine a place where they live most of the time, they 
are counted where they are staying on Census Day.
    (d) Extended relatives, such as grandparents, nieces/nephews, 
aunts/uncles, cousins, or in-laws--Counted at the residence where they 
live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where 
they live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (e) Unmarried partners--Counted at the residence where they live 
and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where they 
live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (f) Housemates or roommates--Counted at the residence where they 
live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where 
they live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (g) Roomers or boarders--Counted at the residence where they live 
and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where they 
live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.
    (h) Live-in employees, such as caregivers or domestic workers--
Counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If 
they cannot determine a place where they live most of the time, they 
are counted where they are staying on Census Day.
    (i) Other nonrelatives, such as friends--Counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a 
place where they live most of the time, they are counted where they are 
staying on Census Day.

9. People in Residential School-Related Facilities

    (a) Boarding school students living away from their parents' or 
guardians' home while attending boarding school below the college 
level, including Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding schools--Counted at 
their parents' or guardians' home.
    (b) Students in residential schools for people with disabilities on 
Census Day--Counted at the school.
    (c) Staff members living at boarding schools or residential schools 
for people with disabilities on Census Day--Counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If they do not have a usual 
home elsewhere, they are counted at the school.

10. College Students (and Staff Living in College Housing)

    (a) College students living at their parents' or guardians' home 
while attending college in the United States--Counted at their parents' 
or guardians' home.
    (b) College students living away from their parents' or guardians' 
home while attending college in the United States (living either on-
campus or off-campus)--Counted at the on-campus or off-campus residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If they are living in 
college/university student housing (such as dormitories or residence 
halls) on Census Day, they are counted at the college/university 
student housing.
    (c) College students living away from their parents' or guardians' 
home while attending college in the United States (living either on-
campus or off-campus) but staying at their parents' or guardians' home 
while on break or vacation--Counted at the on-campus or off-campus 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If they are 
living in college/university student housing (such as dormitories or 
residence halls) on Census Day, they are counted at the college/
university student housing.
    (d) College students who are U.S. citizens living outside the 
United States while attending college outside the United States--Not 
counted in the stateside census.
    (e) College students who are foreign citizens living in the United 
States while attending college in the United States (living either on-
campus or off-campus)--Counted at the on-campus or off-campus U.S. 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If they are 
living in college/university student housing (such as dormitories or 
residence halls) on Census Day, they are counted at the college/
university student housing.
    (f) Staff members living in college/university student housing 
(such as dormitories or residence halls) on Census Day--Counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If they do not 
have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the college/university 
student housing.

11. People in Health Care Facilities

    (a) People in general or Veterans Affairs hospitals (except 
psychiatric units) on Census Day, including newborn babies still in the 
hospital on Census Day--Counted at the residence where they live and 
sleep most of the time. Newborn babies are counted at the residence 
where they will live and sleep most of the time. If patients or staff 
members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the 
hospital.
    (b) People in mental (psychiatric) hospitals and psychiatric units 
in other hospitals (where the primary function is for long-term non-
acute care) on Census Day--Patients are counted at the facility. Staff 
members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.
    (c) People in assisted living facilities \11\ where care is 
provided for individuals who need help with the activities of daily 
living but do not need the skilled medical care that is provided in a 
nursing home--Residents and staff members are counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Nursing facilities/skilled-nursing facilities, in-patient 
hospice facilities, assisted living facilities, and housing intended 
for older adults may coexist within the same entity or organization 
in some cases. For example, an assisted living facility may have a 
skilled-nursing floor or wing that meets the nursing facility 
criteria, which means that specific floor or wing is counted 
according to the guidelines for nursing facilities/skilled-nursing 
facilities, while the rest of the living quarters in that facility 
are counted according to the guidelines for assisted living 
facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) People in nursing facilities/skilled-nursing facilities (which 
provide long-term non-acute care) on Census Day--

[[Page 5535]]

Patients are counted at the facility. Staff members are counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If staff members 
do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.
    (e) People staying at in-patient hospice facilities on Census Day--
Counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If 
patients or staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.

12. People in Housing for Older Adults

    People in housing intended for older adults, such as active adult 
communities, independent living, senior apartments, or retirement 
communities--Residents and staff members are counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time.

13. U.S. Military Personnel

    (a) U.S. military personnel assigned to military barracks/
dormitories in the United States on Census Day--Counted at the military 
barracks/dormitories.
    (b) U.S. military personnel (and dependents living with them) 
living in the United States (living either on base or off base) who are 
not assigned to barracks/dormitories on Census Day--Counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time.
    (c) U.S. military personnel assigned to U.S. military vessels with 
a U.S. homeport on Census Day--Counted at the onshore U.S. residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If they have no onshore 
U.S. residence, they are counted at their vessel's homeport.
    (d) People who are active duty patients assigned to a military 
treatment facility in the United States on Census Day--Patients are 
counted at the facility. Staff members are counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If staff members do not 
have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.
    (e) People in military disciplinary barracks and jails in the 
United States on Census Day--Prisoners are counted at the facility. 
Staff members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep 
most of the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, 
they are counted at the facility.
    (f) U.S. military personnel who are deployed outside the United 
States (while stationed in the United States) and are living on or off 
a military installation outside the United States on Census Day--
Counted at the U.S. residence where they live and sleep most of the 
time, using administrative data provided by the Department of Defense.
    (g) U.S. military personnel who are stationed outside the United 
States and are living on or off a military installation outside the 
United States on Census Day, as well as their dependents living with 
them outside the United States--Counted as part of the U.S. federally 
affiliated overseas population, using administrative data provided by 
the Department of Defense.
    (h) U.S. military personnel assigned to U.S. military vessels with 
a homeport outside the United States on Census Day--Counted as part of 
the U.S. federally affiliated overseas population, using administrative 
data provided by the Department of Defense.

14. Merchant Marine Personnel on U.S. Flag Maritime/Merchant Vessels

    (a) Crews of U.S. flag maritime/merchant vessels docked in a U.S. 
port, sailing from one U.S. port to another U.S. port, sailing from a 
U.S. port to a foreign port, or sailing from a foreign port to a U.S. 
port on Census Day--Counted at the onshore U.S. residence where they 
live and sleep most of the time. If they have no onshore U.S. 
residence, they are counted at their vessel. If the vessel is docked in 
a U.S. port, sailing from a U.S. port to a foreign port, or sailing 
from a foreign port to a U.S. port, crewmembers with no onshore U.S. 
residence are counted at the U.S. port. If the vessel is sailing from 
one U.S. port to another U.S. port, crewmembers with no onshore U.S. 
residence are counted at the port of departure.
    (b) Crews of U.S. flag maritime/merchant vessels engaged in U.S. 
inland waterway transportation on Census Day--Counted at the onshore 
U.S. residence where they live and sleep most of the time.
    (c) Crews of U.S. flag maritime/merchant vessels docked in a 
foreign port or sailing from one foreign port to another foreign port 
on Census Day--Not counted in the stateside census.

15. People in Correctional Facilities for Adults

    (a) People in federal and state prisons on Census Day--Prisoners 
are counted at the facility. Staff members are counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If staff members do not 
have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.
    (b) People in local jails and other municipal confinement 
facilities on Census Day--Prisoners are counted at the facility. Staff 
members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.
    (c) People in federal detention centers on Census Day, such as 
Metropolitan Correctional Centers, Metropolitan Detention Centers, 
Bureau of Indian Affairs Detention Centers, Immigration and Customs 
Enforcement (ICE) Service Processing Centers, and ICE contract 
detention facilities--Prisoners are counted at the facility. Staff 
members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.
    (d) People in correctional residential facilities on Census Day, 
such as halfway houses, restitution centers, and prerelease, work 
release, and study centers--Residents are counted at the facility. 
Staff members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep 
most of the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, 
they are counted at the facility.

16. People in Group Homes and Residential Treatment Centers for Adults

    (a) People in group homes intended for adults (non-correctional) on 
Census Day--Residents are counted at the facility. Staff members are 
counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If 
staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at 
the facility.
    (b) People in residential treatment centers for adults (non-
correctional) on Census Day--Counted at the residence where they live 
and sleep most of the time. If residents or staff members do not have a 
usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.

17. People in Juvenile Facilities

    (a) People in correctional facilities intended for juveniles on 
Census Day--Juvenile residents are counted at the facility. Staff 
members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.
    (b) People in group homes for juveniles (non-correctional) on 
Census Day--Juvenile residents are counted at the facility. Staff 
members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the facility.
    (c) People in residential treatment centers for juveniles (non-
correctional) on Census Day--Counted at the residence where they live 
and sleep most of the time. If juvenile residents or

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staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at 
the facility.

18. People in Transitory Locations

    People at transitory locations such as recreational vehicle (RV) 
parks, campgrounds, hotels and motels, hostels, marinas, racetracks, 
circuses, or carnivals--Anyone, including staff members, staying at the 
transitory location is counted at the residence where they live and 
sleep most of the time. If they do not have a usual home elsewhere, or 
they cannot determine a place where they live most of the time, they 
are counted at the transitory location.

19. People in Workers' Residential Facilities

    People in workers' group living quarters and Job Corps Centers on 
Census Day--Counted at the residence where they live and sleep most of 
the time. If residents or staff members do not have a usual home 
elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.

20. People in Religious-Related Residential Facilities

    People in religious group quarters, such as convents and 
monasteries, on Census Day--Counted at the facility.

21. People in Shelters and People Experiencing Homelessness

    (a) People in domestic violence shelters on Census Day--People 
staying at the shelter (who are not staff) are counted at the shelter. 
Staff members are counted at the residence where they live and sleep 
most of the time. If staff members do not have a usual home elsewhere, 
they are counted at the shelter.
    (b) People who, on Census Day, are in temporary group living 
quarters established for victims of natural disasters--Anyone, 
including staff members, staying at the facility is counted at the 
residence where they live and sleep most of the time. If they do not 
have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the facility.
    (c) People who, on Census Day, are in emergency and transitional 
shelters with sleeping facilities for people experiencing 
homelessness--People staying at the shelter (who are not staff) are 
counted at the shelter. Staff members are counted at the residence 
where they live and sleep most of the time. If staff members do not 
have a usual home elsewhere, they are counted at the shelter.
    (d) People who, on Census Day, are at soup kitchens and regularly 
scheduled mobile food vans that provide food to people experiencing 
homelessness--Counted at the residence where they live and sleep most 
of the time. If they do not have a usual home elsewhere, they are 
counted at the soup kitchen or mobile food van location where they are 
on Census Day.
    (e) People who, on Census Day, are at targeted non-sheltered 
outdoor locations where people experiencing homelessness stay without 
paying--Counted at the outdoor location where they are on Census Day.
    (f) People who, on Census Day, are temporarily displaced or 
experiencing homelessness and are staying in a residence for a short or 
indefinite period of time--Counted at the residence where they live and 
sleep most of the time. If they cannot determine a place where they 
live most of the time, they are counted where they are staying on 
Census Day.

    Dated: February 1, 2018.
Ron S. Jarmin,
Associate Director for Economic Programs, Performing the Non-Exclusive 
Functions and Duties of the Director, Bureau of the Census.
[FR Doc. 2018-02370 Filed 2-7-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3510-07-P