Pacific Island Fisheries; 2017 Annual Catch Limits and Accountability Measures, 50112-50115 [2017-23457]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 208 (Monday, October 30, 2017)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 50112-50115]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-23457]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

50 CFR Part 665

[Docket No. 170120106-7999-01]
RIN 0648-XF186


Pacific Island Fisheries; 2017 Annual Catch Limits and 
Accountability Measures

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce.

ACTION: Proposed specifications; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: NMFS proposes annual catch limits (ACLs) for Pacific Island 
crustacean, precious coral, and territorial bottomfish fisheries, and 
accountability measures (AMs) to correct or mitigate any overages of 
catch limits. The proposed ACLs and AMs would be effective for fishing 
year 2017. The proposed ACLs and AMs support the long-term 
sustainability of fishery resources of the U.S. Pacific Islands.

DATES: NMFS must receive comments by November 14, 2017.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments on this document, identified by 
NOAA-NMFS-2017-0012, by either of the following methods:
     Electronic Submission: Submit all electronic public 
comments via the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal. Go to https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=NOAA-NMFS-2017-0012, click the 
``Comment Now!'' icon, complete the required fields, and enter or 
attach your comments.
     Mail: Send written comments to Michael D. Tosatto, 
Regional Administrator, NMFS Pacific Islands Region (PIR), 1845 Wasp 
Blvd., Bldg. 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.
    Instructions: NMFS may not consider comments sent by any other 
method, to any other address or individual, or received after the end 
of the comment period. All comments received are a part of the public 
record and will generally be posted for public viewing on 
www.regulations.gov without change. All personal identifying 
information (e.g., name, address, etc.), confidential business 
information, or otherwise sensitive information submitted voluntarily 
by the sender will be publicly accessible.
    NMFS prepared environmental analyses that describe the potential 
impacts on the human environment that would result from the proposed 
ACLs and AMs. Copies of the environmental analyses and other supporting 
documents are available at www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sarah Ellgen, NMFS PIR Sustainable 
Fisheries, 808-725-5173.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic 
Zone (EEZ, or Federal waters) around the U.S. Pacific Islands are 
managed under archipelagic fishery ecosystem plans (FEPs) for American 
Samoa, Hawaii, the Pacific Remote Islands, and the Mariana Archipelago 
(Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)). A 
fifth FEP covers pelagic fisheries. The Western Pacific Fishery 
Management Council (Council) developed the FEPs, and NMFS implemented 
them under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation 
and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act).
    Each FEP contains a process for the Council and NMFS to specify 
ACLs and AMs; that process is codified at Title 50, Code of Federal 
Regulations, Section 665.4 (50 CFR 665.4). The regulations require NMFS 
to specify, every fishing year, an ACL for each stock and stock complex 
of management unit species (MUS) in an FEP, as recommended by the 
Council and considering the best available scientific, commercial, and 
other information about the fishery. If a fishery exceeds an ACL, the 
regulations require the Council to take action, which may include 
reducing the ACL for the subsequent fishing year by the amount of the 
overage, or other appropriate action.
    NMFS proposes to specify ACLs for the crustacean and precious 
corals MUS in American Samoa, Guam, the CNMI, and Hawaii, and the 
bottomfish MUS in American Samoa, Guam, and the CNMI for fishing year 
2017. The fishing year for each fishery began on January 1 and ends on 
December 31, except for precious coral fisheries, which began July 1 
and ends on June 30 next year.
    In this action, NMFS is not proposing to specify 2017 ACLs for 
Hawaii Kona crab and non-Deep 7 bottomfish, or coral reef ecosystem MUS 
in all island areas. This is because NMFS has new information for those 
MUS that may require additional environmental analyses to support the 
Council's recommendations. NMFS would propose those ACL specifications 
in a separate action(s). In addition, NMFS specified the 2017-2018 ACL 
and AM for Hawaii Deep 7 bottomfish in June 2017 (82 FR 29778, June 30, 
2017).
    NMFS based the proposed specifications for crustacean, precious 
coral, and territorial bottomfish MUS on recommendations from the 
Council at its 164th meeting held October 21-22, 2015, its 166th 
meeting held June 6-10, 2016, and its 170th meeting held June 19-22, 
2017. For this action, the Council recommended 36 ACLs: Seven each in 
American Samoa, Guam, and the CNMI, and 15 in Hawaii. The Council also 
recommended that NMFS specify multi-year ACLs and AMs in fishing years 
2015-2018. NMFS proposes to implement the specifications for each year 
separately, prior to each fishing year. NMFS previously implemented the 
2016 specifications for bottomfish, crustacean, precious coral, and 
coral reef ecosystem MUS (82 FR 18716, April 21, 2017). All of the 
proposed 2017 ACLs in this action would be the same as those specified 
in 2016 (82 FR 18716, April 21, 2017). NMFS also proposes to specify 
the same AMs as it did in 2016.
    Data from these fisheries for fishing year 2016 indicate that 
catches from each fishery in 2016 did not exceed the fishery's ACL, 
with the exception of the CNMI slipper lobsters. NMFS proposes to 
specify an ACL of 60 lb for CNMI slipper lobsters, which is the same 
ACL that NMFS implemented in 2016, even though the average three-year 
catch for this fishery exceeded the ACL. For CNMI slipper lobsters, 
there is no OFL or maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimate. Prior to 
2016, there were only three years (2007-2009) of available catch 
information for slipper lobsters in the CNMI. Therefore, in 2014, at 
its 116th meeting, the SSC recommended a proxy for calculating the ACL 
for the CNMI slipper lobster stock complex. Using a catch-to-habitat-
based proxy comparing data from the Hawaii slipper lobster fishery (the 
only area that has specifically documented harvesting of slipper 
lobster), the Council recommended setting an ACL for the CNMI slipper 
lobsters for 2016-2018 at a level equal to ABC, that is, 60 lb.
    In 2015, NOAA started a pilot program to improve commercial vendor 
reporting in the CNMI. The Territory Science Initiative was designed to 
improve the data vendors submit to commercial receipt books, which 
track, among other stocks, the slipper lobster fishery. NMFS staff 
trained vendors to complete receipt books and incorporate the process 
into their day-to-day business routines. The program proved to be 
effective, and in 2016, the CNMI commercial receipt book program 
documented 304 lb of slipper lobsters sold by local fishermen. In 
comparison,

[[Page 50113]]

there have been no reported catches or sales of slipper lobster in the 
CNMI from 2010-2015.
    The Council reviewed the 2016 CNMI slipper lobster fishery 
performance at its 170th meeting held June 19-22, 2017. The Council 
noted that the 304 lb reported catch in 2016, combined with zero 
reported catch in the past two years, resulted in a three-year average 
catch of 101 lb, which exceeded the ACL by 41 lb. The Council 
determined that the increase in reported catch was due to the Territory 
Science Initiative and the associated improvements in catch reporting, 
and not due to actual increase in harvest. The Council also concluded 
that the overage was not likely to have had an impact on stock 
sustainability or result in overfishing based on existing stock data. 
Based on the status of the stock, the 2016 AM was not applied, and the 
Council instead recommended maintaining the 2017 CNMI slipper lobster 
ACL at 60 lb.
    The Final Environmental Assessment (EA) for this action supports 
this determination. In the EA, NMFS concluded that the current level of 
catch of slipper lobster in the CNMI was not likely to result in 
overfishing as there are no clear trends indicating that lobster stocks 
in the CNMI have been declining. (EA Section 3.2.3). NMFS concluded 
that even if no ACL were specified for this fishery, the level of 
slipper lobster catch would be expected to remain small. NMFS also 
determined that an ACL of 60 lb, even if exceeded, would not result in 
any changes in fishing and would not be expected to have effects on the 
fishery different from if no ACL were specified.
    In this proposed rule, NMFS is not proposing ACLs for MUS that are 
currently subject to Federal fishing moratoria or prohibitions. These 
MUS include all species of gold coral (78 FR 32181, May 29, 2013), the 
three Hawaii seamount groundfish (pelagic armorhead, alfonsin, and 
raftfish (75 FR 69015, November 10, 2010), and deepwater precious 
corals at the Westpac Bed Refugia (75 FR 2198, January 14, 2010). The 
current prohibitions on fishing for these MUS serve as the functional 
equivalent of an ACL of zero.
    Additionally, NMFS is not proposing ACLs for bottomfish, 
crustacean, precious coral, or coral reef ecosystem MUS identified in 
the Pacific Remote Islands Area (PRIA) FEP. This is because fishing is 
prohibited in the EEZ within 12 nm of emergent land, unless authorized 
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (78 FR 32996, June 3, 
2013). To date, NMFS has not received fishery data that would support 
any such approvals. In addition, there is no suitable habitat for these 
stocks beyond the 12-nm no-fishing zone, except at Kingman Reef, where 
fishing for these resources does not occur. Therefore, the current 
prohibitions on fishing serve as the functional equivalent of an ACL of 
zero. However, NMFS will continue to monitor authorized fishing within 
the Pacific Remote Islands Monument in consultation with USFWS, and may 
develop additional fishing requirements, including monument-specific 
catch limits for species that may require them.
    NMFS is also not proposing ACLs for pelagic MUS at this time, 
because NMFS previously determined that pelagic species are subject to 
international fishery agreements or have a life cycle of approximately 
one year and, therefore, are statutorily excepted from the ACL 
requirements.

Proposed 2017 Annual Catch Limit Specifications

    The following four tables list the proposed ACL specifications for 
2017.

                         Table 1--American Samoa
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Management unit       Proposed ACL
            Fishery                    species        specification (lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bottomfish....................  Bottomfish multi-                106,000
                                 species stock
                                 complex.
Crustacean....................  Deepwater shrimp....              80,000
                                Spiny lobster.......               4,845
                                Slipper lobster.....                  30
                                Kona crab...........               3,200
Precious Coral................  Black coral.........                 790
                                Precious corals in                 2,205
                                 the American Samoa
                                 Exploratory Area.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                   Table 2--Mariana Archipelago--Guam
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Management unit       Proposed ACL
            Fishery                    species        specification (lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bottomfish....................  Bottomfish multi-                 66,000
                                 species stock
                                 complex.
Crustaceans...................  Deepwater shrimp....              48,488
                                Spiny lobster.......               3,135
                                Slipper lobster.....                  20
                                Kona crab...........               1,900
Precious Coral................  Black coral.........                 700
                                Precious corals in                 2,205
                                 the Guam
                                 Exploratory Area.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                   Table 3--Mariana Archipelago--CNMI
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Management unit       Proposed ACL
            Fishery                    species        specification (lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bottomfish....................  Bottomfish multi-                228,000
                                 species stock
                                 complex.
Crustacean....................  Deepwater shrimp....             275,570
                                Spiny lobster.......               7,410

[[Page 50114]]

 
                                Slipper lobster.....                  60
                                Kona crab...........               6,300
Precious Coral................  Black coral.........               2,100
                                Precious corals in                 2,205
                                 the CNMI
                                 Exploratory Area.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                             Table 4--Hawaii
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Management unit       Proposed ACL
            Fishery                    species        specification (lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crustacean....................  Deepwater shrimp....             250,773
                                Spiny lobster.......              15,000
                                Slipper lobster.....                 280
Precious Coral................  Auau Channel black                 5,512
                                 coral.
                                Makapuu Bed--Pink                  2,205
                                 coral.
                                Makapuu Bed--Bamboo                  551
                                 coral.
                                180 Fathom Bank--                    489
                                 Pink coral.
                                180 Fathom Bank--                    123
                                 Bamboo coral.
                                Brooks Bank--Pink                    979
                                 coral.
                                Brooks Bank--Bamboo                  245
                                 coral.
                                Kaena Point Bed--                    148
                                 Pink coral.
                                Kaena Point Bed--                     37
                                 Bamboo coral.
                                Keahole Bed--Pink                    148
                                 coral.
                                Keahole Bed--Bamboo                   37
                                 coral.
                                Precious corals in                 2,205
                                 the Hawaii
                                 Exploratory Area.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Accountability Measures

    Each year, NMFS and local resource management agencies in American 
Samoa, Guam, the CNMI, and Hawaii collect information about MUS catches 
and apply them toward the appropriate ACLs. Pursuant to 50 CFR 665.4, 
when the available information indicates that a fishery is projected to 
reach an ACL for a stock or stock complex, NMFS must notify permit 
holders that fishing for that stock or stock complex will be restricted 
in Federal waters on a specified date. The restriction serves as the AM 
to prevent an ACL from being exceeded, and may include closing the 
fishery, closing specific areas, changing bag limits, or restricting 
effort.
    However, local resource management agencies do not have the 
resources to process catch data in near-real time, so fisheries 
statistics are generally not available to NMFS until at least six 
months after agencies collect and analyze the data. Additionally, 
Federal logbook information and other reporting from fisheries in 
Federal waters is not sufficient to monitor and track catches for the 
evaluation of fishery performance against the proposed ACL 
specifications. This is because most fishing for bottomfish, 
crustacean, and precious coral MUS occurs in State or territorial 
waters, generally 0-3 nm from shore. For these reasons, NMFS proposes 
to continue to specify the Council's recommended AM, which is to apply 
a three-year average catch to evaluate fishery performance against the 
proposed ACLs. Specifically, NMFS and the Council would use the average 
catch of fishing years 2015, 2016, and 2017 to evaluate fishery 
performance against the 2017 ACL for a particular fishery. At the end 
of each fishing year, the Council would review catches relative to each 
ACL. If NMFS and the Council determine that the three-year average 
catch for any fishery exceeds the specified ACL, NMFS would reduce the 
ACL in the subsequent year for that fishery by the amount of the 
overage.

Cultural Fishing in American Samoa

    On March 20, 2017, in Territory of American Samoa v. NMFS, et al. 
(16-cv-95, D. Haw), a Federal judge vacated and set aside a NMFS rule 
that amended the American Samoa Large Vessel Prohibited Area (LVPA) for 
eligible pelagic longliners. The Court held that the action was 
inconsistent with the ``other applicable law'' provision of the 
Magnuson-Stevens Act by not considering the protection and preservation 
of cultural fishing rights in American Samoa under the Instruments of 
Cession. The Instruments of Cession do not specifically mention 
cultural fishing rights, and the Court's decision, although recognizing 
the need to protect those rights, does not define them. The Council is 
currently reevaluating the LVPA rule, including options to define 
cultural fishing rights in American Samoa that are subject to 
preservation and protection. NMFS specifically invites public comments 
on this proposed action that address the impact of the proposed ACL and 
AM specifications on cultural fishing rights in American Samoa.
    NMFS will consider public comments on the proposed ACLs and AMs and 
will announce the final specifications in the Federal Register. NMFS 
must receive any comments by the date provided in the DATES heading, 
not postmarked or otherwise transmitted by that date. Regardless of the 
final ACL specifications and AMs, all other management measures will 
continue to apply in the fisheries.

Classification

    Pursuant to section 304(b)(1)(A) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the 
NMFS Assistant Administrator for Fisheries has determined that these 
proposed specifications are consistent with the applicable FEPs, other 
provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, and other applicable laws, 
subject to further consideration after public comment.

[[Page 50115]]

Certification of Finding of No Significant Impact on Substantial Number 
of Small Entities

    The Chief Counsel for Regulation of the Department of Commerce 
certified to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration that these proposed specifications, if adopted, would 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. A description of the proposed action, why it is being 
considered, and the legal basis for it are contained in the preamble to 
these proposed specifications.
    The proposed action would specify annual catch limits (ACLs) and 
accountability measures (AMs) for Pacific Island crustaceans, precious 
coral, and territorial bottomfish fisheries in American Samoa, Guam, 
Hawaii, and the CNMI for 2017. The proposed 2017 ACLs for MUS covered 
in this proposed action are identical to those specified in 2016 (82 
18716, April 21, 2017). NMFS is not proposing to specify 2017 ACLs for 
Kona crab or non-Deep 7 bottomfish in Hawaii or coral reef ecosystem 
MUS in any island area because NMFS has obtained new information for 
those MUS that may require the agency to conduct additional 
environmental analyses to support the Council's recommendations. NMFS 
will propose those ACL specifications in a separate action(s).
    The vessels affected by this action are federally permitted to fish 
under the Fishery Ecosystem Plans for American Samoa, the Marianas 
Archipelago (Guam and the CNMI), and Hawaii. The numbers of vessels 
permitted under these Fishery Ecosystem Plans permitted by this action 
are as follows: American Samoa (0), Marianas Archipelago (16), and 
Hawaii (9). For Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) purposes only, NMFS 
has established a small business size standard for businesses, 
including their affiliates, whose primary industry is commercial 
fishing (see 50 CFR 200.2). A business primarily engaged in commercial 
fishing (NAICS code 11411) is classified as a small business if it is 
independently owned and operated, is not dominant in its field of 
operation (including its affiliates), and has combined annual receipts 
not in excess of $11 million for all its affiliated operations 
worldwide. Based on available information, NMFS has determined that all 
affected entities are small entities under the SBA definition of a 
small entity, i.e., they are engaged in the business of fish 
harvesting, are independently owned or operated, are not dominant in 
their field of operation, and have annual gross receipts not in excess 
of $11 million. Therefore, there would be no disproportionate economic 
impacts between large and small entities. Furthermore, there would be 
no disproportionate economic impacts among the universe of vessels 
based on gear, home port, or vessel length.
    Even though this proposed action would apply to a substantial 
number of vessels, this action should not result in significant adverse 
economic impact to individual vessels. NMFS and the Council are not 
considering in-season closures in any of the fisheries to which these 
ACLs apply because fishery management agencies are not able to track 
catch relative to the ACLs during the fishing year. As a result, 
fishermen would be able to fish throughout the entire year. In 
addition, the ACLs, as proposed, would not change the gear types, areas 
fished, effort, or participation of the fishery during the 2017 fishing 
year. A post-season review of the catch data would be required to 
determine whether any fishery exceeded its ACL by comparing the ACL to 
the most recent three-year average catch for which data is available. 
If an ACL is exceeded, the Council and NMFS would take action in future 
fishing years to correct the operational issue that caused the ACL 
overage. NMFS and the Council would evaluate the environmental, social, 
and economic impacts of future actions, such as changes to future ACLs 
or AMs, after the required data are available. Specifically, if NMFS 
and the Council determine that the three-year average catch for a 
fishery exceeds the specified ACL, NMFS would reduce the ACL for that 
fishery by the amount of the overage in the subsequent year.
    The proposed action does not duplicate, overlap, or conflict with 
other Federal rules and is not expected to have significant impact on 
small entities (as discussed above), organizations, or government 
jurisdictions. The proposed action also will not place a substantial 
number of small entities, or any segment of small entities, at a 
significant competitive disadvantage to large entities. For the reasons 
above, NMFS does not expect the proposed action to have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. As such, an 
initial regulatory flexibility analysis is not required and none has 
been prepared.
    This proposed action is exempt from review under E.O. 12866.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.

    Dated: October 23, 2017.
Samuel D. Rauch III,
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Regulatory Programs, National Marine 
Fisheries Service.
[FR Doc. 2017-23457 Filed 10-27-17; 8:45 am]
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