Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Delaware; Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) State Implementation Plan (SIP) Under the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), 42767-42772 [2017-19215]
Download as PDF
Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 12, 2017 / Proposed Rules
with CAA requirements and relevant
guidance regarding enforceability,
RACT, and SIP revisions. The TSDs
have more information on our
evaluation.
C. EPA Recommendations To Further
Improve the Rules
The TSDs describe additional rule
revisions that we recommend for the
next time the local agencies modify the
rules.
D. Public Comment and Proposed
Action
As authorized in section 110(k)(3) of
the Act, the EPA proposes to fully
approve the submitted rules because
they fulfill all relevant requirements.
We will accept comments from the
public on this proposal until October
12, 2017. If we take final action to
approve the submitted rules, our final
action will incorporate these rules into
the federally enforceable SIP.
III. Incorporation by Reference
In this rule, the EPA is proposing to
include in a final EPA rule regulatory
text that includes incorporation by
reference. In accordance with
requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, the EPA is
proposing to incorporate by reference
the PCAPCD and VCAPCD rules
described in Table 1 of this preamble.
The EPA has made, and will continue
to make, these materials available
through www.regulations.gov and at the
EPA Region IX Office (please contact the
person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section of this
preamble for more information).
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IV. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under the Clean Air Act, the
Administrator is required to approve a
SIP submission that complies with the
provisions of the Act and applicable
federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k);
40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP
submissions, the EPA’s role is to
approve state choices, provided that
they meet the criteria of the Clean Air
Act. Accordingly, this proposed action
merely proposes to approve state law as
meeting federal requirements and does
not impose additional requirements
beyond those imposed by state law. For
that reason, this proposed action:
• Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ subject to review by the Office
of Management and Budget under
Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
January 21, 2011);
• does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
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of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• does not have Federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act;
and
• does not provide the EPA with the
discretionary authority to address
disproportionate human health or
environmental effects with practical,
appropriate, and legally permissible
methods under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved to
apply on any Indian reservation land or
in any other area where the EPA or an
Indian tribe has demonstrated that a
tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of
Indian country, the rule does not have
tribal implications and will not impose
substantial direct costs on tribal
governments or preempt tribal law as
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65
FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: August 30, 2017.
Alexis Strauss,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region IX.
[FR Doc. 2017–19213 Filed 9–11–17; 8:45 am]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA–R03–OAR–2015–0656; FRL–9967–55–
Region 3]
Approval and Promulgation of Air
Quality Implementation Plans;
Delaware; Reasonably Available
Control Technology (RACT) State
Implementation Plan (SIP) Under the
2008 Ozone National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS)
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve a
state implementation plan (SIP) revision
submitted by the State of Delaware. This
revision pertains to reasonably available
control technology (RACT) requirements
under the 2008 8-hour ozone national
ambient air quality standard (NAAQS).
Delaware’s submittal for RACT for the
2008 ozone NAAQS includes (1)
certification that, for certain categories
of sources, RACT controls approved by
EPA into Delaware’s SIP for previous
ozone NAAQS are based on currently
available technically and economically
feasible controls and continue to
represent RACT for 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS implementation purposes; (2)
the adoption of new or more stringent
regulations or controls that represent
RACT control levels for certain other
categories of sources; and (3) a negative
declaration that certain categories of
sources do not exist in Delaware. This
action is being taken under the Clean
Air Act (CAA).
DATES: Written comments must be
received on or before October 12, 2017.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID Number EPA–
R03–OAR–2015–0656 at https://
www.regulations.gov, or via email to
stahl.cynthia@epa.gov. For comments
submitted at Regulations.gov, follow the
online instructions for submitting
comments. Once submitted, comments
cannot be edited or removed from
Regulations.gov. For either manner of
submission, EPA may publish any
comment received to its public docket.
Do not submit electronically any
information you consider to be
confidential business information (CBI)
or other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be
accompanied by a written comment.
The written comment is considered the
official comment and should include
discussion of all points you wish to
SUMMARY:
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make. EPA will generally not consider
comments or comment contents located
outside of the primary submission (i.e.
on the web, cloud, or other file sharing
system). For additional submission
methods, please contact the person
identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the
full EPA public comment policy,
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on
making effective comments, please visit
https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Leslie Jones Doherty, (215) 814–3409, or
by email at jones.leslie@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On May 4,
2015, the Delaware Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental
Control (DNREC) submitted a revision to
its SIP that addresses the requirements
of RACT under the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS.
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I. Background
A. General
Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by
photochemical reactions between
volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
oxides of nitrogen (NOX) in the presence
of sunlight. In order to reduce these
ozone concentrations, the CAA requires
control of VOC and NOX emission
sources to achieve emission reductions
in moderate or more serious
nonattainment areas. Among effective
control measures, RACT controls
significantly reduce VOC and NOX
emissions from major stationary
sources.
RACT is defined as the lowest
emission limitation that a particular
source is capable of meeting by the
application of control technology that is
reasonably available considering
technological and economic feasibility.1
Section 172(c)(1) of the CAA provides
that SIPs for nonattainment areas must
include reasonably available control
measures (RACM) for attainment of the
NAAQS, including emissions
reductions from existing sources
through adoption of RACT. A major
source in a nonattainment area is
defined as any stationary source that
emits or has the potential to emit NOX
or VOC emissions above a certain
applicability threshold that is based on
the ozone nonattainment classification
of the area: Marginal, Moderate, Serious,
or Severe. See ‘‘major stationary source’’
1 See December 9, 1976 memorandum from Roger
Strelow, Assistant Administrator for Air and Waste
Management, to Regional Administrators,
‘‘Guidance for Determining Acceptability of SIP
Regulations in Non-Attainment Areas.’’ see also 44
FR 53761, 53762 (September 17, 1979).
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in CAA sections 182(b), 184(b) and 302.
Sections 182(b)(2) and 182(f)(1) of the
CAA require states with moderate (or
worse) ozone nonattainment areas to
implement RACT controls on all
stationary sources and source categories
covered by a control technique
guideline (CTG) document issued by
EPA and on all major sources of VOC
and NOX emissions located in the area.
EPA’s CTGs establish presumptive
RACT control requirements for various
VOC source categories. The CTGs
typically identify a particular control
level that EPA recommends as being
RACT. In some cases, EPA has issued
Alternative Control Techniques
guidelines (ACTs) primarily for NOX
source categories, which in contrast to
the CTGs, only present a range for
possible control options but do not
identify any particular option as the
presumptive norm for what is RACT.
Section 183(c) of the CAA requires EPA
to revise and update CTGs and ACTs as
the Administrator determines necessary.
EPA issued eleven new CTGs from 2006
through 2008 for a total of 44 CTGs
issued since November 1990. States are
required to implement RACT for the
source categories covered by CTGs
through the SIP.
Pursuant to section 184(b) of the CAA,
the same requirements for sources of
NOX and VOC apply to any areas in an
ozone transport region (OTR). A single
OTR has been established under section
184(a), comprising all or part of 12
eastern states and the District of
Columbia.2 The entire State of Delaware
is part of the OTR and, therefore, must
comply with the RACT requirements in
section 184(b)(1)(B) and (2) of the CAA.
Specifically, section 184(b)(1)(B)
requires the implementation of RACT in
OTR states with respect to all sources of
VOC covered by a CTG. Additionally,
section 184(b)(2) states that any
stationary source with the potential to
emit 50 tpy of VOC emission shall be
considered a major source and requires
the implementation of major stationary
source requirements in the OTR states
as if the area were a moderate
nonattainment area. A major source in
a nonattainment area is defined as any
stationary source that emits or has the
potential to emit NOX or VOC emissions
above a certain applicability threshold
that is based on the ozone
nonattainment classification of the area:
Marginal, Moderate, Serious, or Severe.
See ‘‘major stationary source’’ in CAA
sections 182(b) and 184(b).
2 Only a portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia
is included in the OTR.
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B. Delaware History
Delaware has been subject to the CAA
RACT requirements as a result of
previous ozone designations. Under the
1-hour ozone NAAQS, Kent and New
Castle Counties in Delaware were
designated part of the PhiladelphiaWilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD
severe ozone nonattainment area, and
Sussex County was designated as a
marginal ozone nonattainment area.
Since the entire State of Delaware has
been part of the OTR, RACT was
implemented in Sussex County as a
moderate nonattainment area.
Therefore, all three counties were
subject to RACT requirements under the
1-hour ozone standard. Since the early
1990’s, Delaware implemented
numerous RACT controls throughout
the State to meet the CAA RACT
requirements under the 1-hour and the
1997 8-hour ozone standards.
Under the 1997 8-hour ozone
NAAQS, the entire State of Delaware
(Kent, New Castle and Sussex Counties)
was designated as a part of the
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City
moderate nonattainment area, and
therefore continued to be subject to the
CAA RACT requirements. See 69 FR
23858, 23931 (April 30, 2004). Delaware
revised and promulgated its RACT
regulations and demonstrated that it
complied with the CAA RACT
requirements in a SIP revision approved
by EPA on July 23, 2008 (73 FR 42681).
Under CAA section 109(d), EPA is
required to periodically review and
promulgate, as necessary, the ozone
NAAQS to continue to protect human
health and the environment. On March
27, 2008, EPA revised the 1997 8-hour
ozone standard to a new 0.075 ppm
level (73 FR 16436). On May 21, 2012,
EPA finalized designations for the 2008
8-hour ozone NAAQS (77 FR 30087).
Under the 2008 8-hour ozone standard,
New Castle County of Delaware was
designated as a part of the PhiladelphiaWilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MDDE marginal nonattainment area, and
Sussex County of Delaware was
designated as a stand-alone marginal
nonattainment area (77 FR 30088).
However, due to its location in the OTR,
the entire State of Delaware is required
to address the CAA RACT requirements
for a moderate nonattainment area by
submitting to EPA a SIP revision that
demonstrates how Delaware meets
RACT requirements under the standard.
Delaware is required to implement
RACT for the 2008 ozone NAAQS on all
VOC sources covered by a CTG issued
by EPA, as well as all other major
stationary sources located within the
State boundaries with the potential to
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emit 50 or 100 tons per year or more of
VOC or NOX, respectively. Therefore,
the RACT requirements under CAA
sections 182 and 184 apply to CTG
sources, including eleven new CTG that
EPA issued between 2006 and 2008, and
any other VOC or NOX sources.
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C. EPA Guidance and Requirements
EPA has provided more substantive
RACT requirements through final
implementation rules for each ozone
NAAQS as well as guidance. On March
6, 2015, EPA issued its final rule for
implementing the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS (the 2008 Ozone
Implementation Rule). See 80 FR 12264.
This rule addressed, among other
things, control and planning obligations
as they apply to nonattainment areas
under the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS,
including RACT and RACM. In this
rule, EPA specifically required that
states meet the RACT requirements
either through a certification that
previously adopted RACT controls in
their SIP revisions approved by EPA
under a prior ozone NAAQS continue to
represent adequate RACT control levels
for attainment of the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS, or through the adoption of new
or more stringent regulations or controls
that represent RACT control levels. A
certification must be accompanied by
appropriate supporting information
such as consideration of information
received during the public comment
period and consideration of new data.
Adoption of new RACT regulations will
occur when states have new stationary
sources not covered by existing RACT
regulations, or when new data or
technical information indicates that a
previously adopted RACT measure does
not represent a newly available RACT
control level. Additionally, states are
required to submit a negative
declaration if there are no CTG major
sources of VOC and NOX emissions
within the nonattainment area in lieu of,
or in addition to, a certification.
II. Summary of SIP Revision
On May 4, 2015 Delaware submitted
a SIP revision to address all the
requirements of RACT set forth by the
CAA under the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS (the 2015 RACT Submission).
Specifically, Delaware’s 2015 RACT
Submission includes: (1) A certification
that for certain categories of sources
previously adopted NOX and VOC
RACT controls in Delaware’s SIP that
were approved by EPA under the 1979
1-hour and 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS
are based on the currently available
technically and economically feasible
controls, and continue to represent
RACT for implementation of the 2008 8-
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hour ozone NAAQS; (2) the adoption of
new or more stringent regulations or
controls that represent RACT control
levels for certain categories of sources;
and (3) a negative declaration that
certain CTG or non-CTG major sources
of VOC and NOX sources do not exist in
Delaware.
A. VOC RACT Controls
Delaware Air Pollution Control
Regulation No. 1124 (formerly
Regulation 24) contains Delaware’s VOC
RACT controls regulations for all VOC
sources greater than 50 tpy that were
implemented and approved into the
Delaware SIP under the 1-hour and 1997
8-hour ozone NAAQS.3 Delaware is
certifying that these regulations, all
previously approved by EPA into the
SIP, continue to meet the RACT
requirements for the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS for major stationary sources
and CTG covered sources of VOCs. In
addition, since EPA’s approval of
Delaware’s 1997 8-hour ozone RACT
SIP revision (73 FR 42681, July 23,
2008), the following sections in
Regulation 1124 have been updated to
meet the requirements of EPA’s CTGs:
Sections 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23,
37 and 45. All these revisions have been
previously approved into Delaware’s
SIP and meet the requirements of EPA’s
CTGs issued up to and including July
20, 2014. Since EPA’s approval of
Delaware’s 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS
RACT SIP revision, Delaware adopted
and EPA approved for the Delaware SIP,
three new provisions or regulations to
meet RACT requirements. These are (1)
Regulation 1124, Section 8, Handling,
Storage, and Disposal of VOCs, (2)
Regulation 1124, Section 46, Crude Oil
Lightering Operations, and (3)
Regulation 1141, section 4, Adhesives
and Sealants. More detailed information
on these provisions as well as a detailed
summary of EPA’s review can be found
in the Technical Support Document
(TSD) for this action which is available
on line at www.regulations.gov, Docket
number EPA–R03–OAR–2015–0656.
Delaware also submitted a negative
declaration that the following VOC CTG
3 EPA notes that Delaware’s Regulation 1124 at
subsection 1.4 contains a provision that was
identified as containing inappropriate exemptions
for startup and shutdown as well as containing
inappropriate director’s discretion provisions in
EPA’s rulemaking, ‘‘State Implementation Plans:
Response to Petition for Rulemaking; Restatement
and Update of EPA’s SSM Policy Applicable to
SIPs; Findings of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP
Calls to Amend Provisions Applying to Excess
Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown and
Malfunction,’’ (EPA’s SSM SIP Call). See 80 FR
33839 (June 12, 2015). EPA provides analysis of the
interplay and effects of the EPA’s SSM SIP Call and
Regulation 1124, subsection 1.4 on this proposed
rulemaking in Section III of this rulemaking action.
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42769
source categories do not exist in
Delaware: Manufacture of pneumatic
rubber tires; wood furniture
manufacturing operations; shipbuilding
and ship repair operations (surface
coating); and fiberglass boat
manufacturing materials.
Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission
also discusses Regulation 1141, Section
1.0, Architectural and Industrial
Maintenance Coatings and Regulation
1141, Section 2.0, Consumer Products.
These regulations, both previously
approved by EPA into the Delaware SIP,
establish VOC content limits in various
coating materials and consumer
products. Although these rules will
assist Delaware in its efforts to attain the
ozone standard, they are ‘‘beyond
RACT’’ levels as they apply to nonmajor stationary sources.
B. NOX RACT Controls
Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission
asserts that Delaware Air Pollution
Control Regulation No. 1112 (formerly
Regulation 12) contains Delaware’s NOX
RACT controls that were implemented
and approved into the Delaware SIP
under the 1-hour and the 1997 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. Regulation 1112 has
been in effect since 1993 and was
approved by EPA as RACT under the
1997 8-hour ozone standard for major
stationary sources of NOX. 66 FR 32231
(June 14, 2001). In Regulation 1112,
Delaware’s NOX RACT controls are
specified by source groups such as fuel
burning equipment based on heat input
capacity, gas turbines and stationary
internal combustion engines. In the
2015 RACT Submission, Delaware is
certifying that Regulation 1112
continues to represent the lowest
emission limits based on currently
available and economically feasible
control technology for the source
categories and, therefore, meets the
RACT requirements for the 2008 8-hour
ozone NAAQS for major stationary
source NOX controls as required by CAA
sections 182(b)(2), 182(f), and 184(b)(2).
The details of Regulation 1112 are
contained in the TSD prepared for this
rulemaking.
Delaware’s Regulation 1112 provides
presumptive NOX limits for major
stationary sources of NOX but also
provides for a case-by-case RACT
determination process. For case-by-case
determinations under Regulation 1112,
three (3) stationary sources which
previously received NOX RACT
determinations in Delaware’s SIP have
been shutdown and Delaware has
requested EPA remove these RACT
determinations from the SIP. These
shutdown sources are (1) General
Chemical Corporation facility’s sulfuric
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acid and inter-stage absorption system,
(2) General Chemical Corporation
facility’s metallic nitrite process, and (3)
SPI Polyols, Incorporated facility’s
Polyhydrate Alcohol Catalyst
Regenerative process. Delaware requests
that these three NOX RACT
determinations be removed from
Delaware’s SIP as the sources of NOX
are permanently closed. The remaining
case by case RACT determination for
CitiSteel USA, Incorporated, Electric
Arc Furnace (EAF) rated at 150 tons per
charge was approved by EPA as RACT
for the 1997 ozone NAAQS (73 FR
42681), and Delaware states that the
case-by-case NOX RACT determination
continues to represent RACT level
control for this source. Pursuant to
Delaware’s case by case authority in
Regulation 1112, Delaware also
proposes new limits as RACT for two
units at the Delaware City Refinery,
including the fluid-coking unit (FCU)
and the fluid-catalytic-cracking unit
(FCCU).4
In addition, in the 2015 RACT
Submission, Delaware states it has
implemented specific NOX controls in
other regulations to tighten
requirements for relevant subgroups
contained in Regulation 1112. Delaware
asserts Regulations 1142, 1144, 1146,
and 1148 contain additional NOX
controls that have been implemented
and previously approved into the
Delaware SIP.5 Delaware states that
these regulations in conjunction with
the requirements from Regulation 1112
meet the RACT requirements for the
2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS for these
source categories. These source
categories are industrial boilers,
industrial boilers and heat processors at
petroleum refineries, stationary
generators, electric generating units
(EGU), and combustion turbines.
Regulations 1112, 1142, 1144, 1146 and
1148 all establish applicability,
exemptions, definitions, and emission
standards as well as requirements for
compliance, monitoring, recordkeeping
and reporting for their respective
sources. Further details of Delaware’s
NOX RACT determination in the 2015
RACT Submission for the 2008 8-hour
A. RACT
EPA has reviewed Delaware’s 2015
RACT Submission and finds Delaware’s
certification of the RACT regulations for
major sources of VOC and NOX
previously approved by EPA for the 1hour and 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS
continue to represent RACT control
level for the source categories.6 EPA
also finds that Delaware’s SIP
implements RACT with respect to all
sources of VOCs covered by a CTG
issued prior to July 20, 2014 and all
major stationary sources of VOC and
NOX covered by Delaware’s regulations
and case-by-case RACT. EPA accepts
Delaware’s negative declarations for
VOC sources as there are no applicable
sources of cement kilns in the State.
EPA finds that Delaware’s major
stationary source VOC and NOX
regulations represent the lowest
emission limits based on currently
available and economically feasible
control technology for these source
categories. EPA’s review of this material
indicates that Delaware’s 2015 RACT
Submission meets the RACT
requirements for the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS for applicable CTG source
categories and major stationary sources
of VOC and NOX to address sections
182(b), 182(f) and 184(b)(2) of the CAA.
With respect to the previous case by
case RACT determinations submitted by
Delaware and approved by EPA for the
Delaware SIP, the CAA section 110(l)
states ‘‘The Administrator shall not
approve a revision of a plan if the
revision would interfere with any
applicable requirement concerning
attainment and reasonable further
progress (RFP) or any applicable
requirement of the CAA.’’ EPA finds
that the removal of the emission limits
for (1) the Polyhydrate Alcohol Catalyst
Regenerative process SPI Polyols,
4 Limits are federally enforceable via a consent
decree between EPA, Delaware and Delaware City
Refinery Company. See United States of America,
et al., v. Motiva Enterprises LLC, No. H–01–0978.
5 EPA notes that Delaware’s Regulation 1142 at
subsection 2.3.1.6 contains a provision that was
identified as containing inappropriate exemptions
for startup and shutdown as well as containing an
inappropriate director’s discretion provision in
EPA’s SSM SIP call. 80 FR 33839. EPA provides
analysis of the interplay and effect of EPA’s SSM
SIP Call and Regulation 1142, subsection 2.3.1.6 on
this proposed rulemaking in Section III of this
rulemaking action.
6 As noted above, two of Delaware’s regulations
which Delaware relies upon as RACT for the 2008
ozone NAAQS were involved in EPA’s SSM SIP
Call, Delaware’s Regulation 1142 (subsection 1.4)
and Regulation 1142 (subsection 2.3.1.6). These
regulations contain provisions that were identified
as containing inappropriate exemptions for startup
and shutdown as well as containing inappropriate
director’s discretion provisions in EPA’s SSM SIP
call. 80 FR 33839. EPA’s analysis of the impact and
effect of EPA’s SSM SIP Call and Regulations 1124
(subsection 1.4) and 1142 (subsection 2.3.1.6) on
this proposed rulemaking is provided in this
Section III of this rulemaking action.
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ozone NAAQS can be found in the TSD
prepared for this rulemaking. Delaware
also submitted a negative declaration for
cement kilns as a major source category
of NOX emissions that does not exist in
Delaware.
III. EPA’s Evaluation of Delaware’s SIP
Revision
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Incorporated, (2) the sulfuric acid
process and inter-stage absorption
system at General Chemical Corporation
and (3) the metallic nitrite process at
General Chemical Corporation from the
Delaware SIP will not interfere with
attainment of any NAAQS or with RFP
or any applicable requirement of the
CAA because these sources have
permanently shutdown and thus
emissions have been completely
eliminated. EPA finds the NOX RACT
determination for CitiSteel USA,
Incorporated, Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF) continues to represent the lowest
emission limitation that is reasonably
available considering technological and
economic feasibility for this source.
With respect to the FCU and FCCU at
the Delaware City Refinery Company,
EPA finds that the emission limits,
compliance requirements and
recordkeeping and reporting
requirements established by Delaware
represent RACT level of control for
these units. Further details of EPA’s
review and rationale for proposing to
approve these SIP revisions can be
found in the TSD prepared for this
rulemaking.
B. RACT and the EPA Startup,
Shutdown, and Maintenance (SSM) SIP
Call
In the 2015 RACT Submission,
Delaware is certifying that Regulation
1124, Control of Volatile Organic
Compound Emissions, and Regulation
1142, Control of Nitrogen Oxide
Emissions from Industrial Boilers and
Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries,
contain RACT levels of control for
meeting the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS
requirements for certain major sources
of NOX and VOC. On May 22, 2015, the
EPA Administrator signed a final action,
EPA’s SSM SIP Call (formally, the
‘‘State Implementation Plans: Response
to Petition for Rulemaking; Restatement
and Update of EPA’s SSM Policy
Applicable to SIPs; Findings of
Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP Calls to
Amend Provisions Applying to Excess
Emissions During Periods of Startup,
Shutdown and Malfunction’’). 80 FR
33839. With regard to the Delaware SIP,
seven Delaware regulations including
Regulation 1124, Control of Volatile
Organic Compound Emissions, section
1.4; and Regulation 1142, Control of
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from
Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters at
Petroleum Refineries, section 2.3.1.6
were cited as giving the State discretion
to create exemptions allowing excess
emissions during startup and shutdown
and were thus inconsistent with EPA
policy as expressed in the EPA’s SSM
SIP Call and the requirements of the
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CAA. Delaware’s 2015 RACT
Submission was sent to EPA on May 4,
2015, prior to promulgation of EPA’s
SSM SIP Call.
In 2016, Delaware revised Regulations
1124 and 1142, with a State effective
date of January 11, 2017, to remove the
provisions identified by EPA in EPA’s
SSM SIP Call as being substantially
inadequate and inconsistent with the
CAA. Subsequently, on November 21,
2016, Delaware submitted a SIP revision
to address EPA’s SSM SIP Call for six
of the seven Delaware regulations
mentioned in the SSM SIP Call,
including the portions affecting
Regulation 1124 (subsection 1.4) and
Regulation 1142 (subsection 2.3.1.6).
Delaware’s November 21, 2016 SSM SIP
revision will be dealt with in a separate
rulemaking action.
Challenges to EPA’s SSM SIP Call are
now pending before the United States
Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit), in
consolidated Case No. 15–1239
captioned Environmental Committee of
the Florida Electric Power Coordinating
Group, Inc. v. EPA (consolidated).
Within the context of that litigation, the
EPA has informed the D.C. Circuit that
‘‘EPA intends to closely review the SSM
Action, and the prior positions taken by
the Agency with respect to the SSM
Action may not necessarily reflect its
ultimate conclusions after that review is
complete.’’ Case No. 15–1239,
Document #1671681 (available in the
docket for this rulemaking action). In a
July 24, 2017 Status Report, EPA again
told the D.C. Circuit that it ‘‘is
continuing to review the SSM Action to
determine whether the Agency will
reconsider all or part of the SSM Action,
and/or grant the State of Texas’
administrative petition for
reconsideration in whole or in part.’’
Because our review of the Delaware
2015 RACT Submission necessarily
includes our review of two regulations,
Regulation 1124 and 1142, which are
directly impacted by the SSM SIP Call,
EPA would therefore necessarily have to
apply the substance of the SSM SIP Call
which (1) is currently the subject of
litigation in the D.C. Circuit and (2) is
under review by the EPA with the result
of that review uncertain either in terms
of the substance or the date it will
conclude. EPA is still actively reviewing
the SSM SIP Call. Therefore, EPA is
proposing to approve the 2015 RACT
Submission under two alternative bases.
EPA plans to take final action on the
2015 RACT Submission adopting the
basis that is consistent with the
Agency’s final position on the SSM SIP
Call along with appropriate
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consideration of public comments
received.
One alternative basis for EPA’s
proposed approval of Delaware’s 2015
RACT Submission assumes that EPA
will change its position and related SSM
Guidance outlined in the SSM SIP Call
in such a way that EPA would withdraw
the SSM SIP Call as to Delaware
Regulations 1124 and 1142.7 Based on
this assumed EPA withdrawal of
Delaware’s portion of the EPA’s SSM
SIP Call, EPA proposes to find that
Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission,
including Delaware’s Regulations 1124
and 1142 as presently included in the
Delaware SIP, is fully consistent with
Clean Air Act requirements.
Under the other alternative rationale,
EPA assumes that EPA’s position (and
related guidance) outlined in the SSM
SIP Call will not change in such a way
that EPA would withdraw the SSM SIP
Call as to Delaware Regulations 1124
and 1142. Accordingly, EPA is
proposing to approve the 2015 RACT
Submission as addressing RACT
requirements for the 2008 ozone
NAAQS because EPA intends to
propose approval and take final
rulemaking action approving the revised
versions of Regulations 1124 and 1142
as revised in Delaware’s response to the
SSM SIP Call. This basis for proposed
approval of the 2015 RACT Submission
is based upon EPA approving
Delaware’s revisions to Regulations
1124 and 1142 prior to finalizing our
action on the 2015 RACT Submission.8
By taking such final rulemaking action
approving the versions of Regulations
1124 and 1142 prior to EPA taking final
rulemaking action on this 2015 RACT
Submission, the regulations Delaware
relies upon for NOX and VOC RACT
would no longer include any provisions
identified in EPA’s SSM SIP Call.
EPA is taking public comment on our
proposed alternatives discussed herein
for approval for Delaware’s 2015 RACT
7 This alternative basis for proposed approval
assumes that EPA has changed its SSM Guidance
and withdrawn the SSM SIP Call as to Delaware
Regulations 1124 and 1142. However, neither of
those actions are being effectuated here. Therefore,
EPA does not consider those issues open for public
comment as part of this rulemaking action. Any
comments filed on this rulemaking that relate to the
possibility of EPA changing the SSM Guidance
generally or a possible withdrawal of EPA’s SSM
SIP Call as to Delaware Regulations 1124 and 1142
will be considered outside the scope of this
rulemaking, which is limited to EPA’s proposed
action on Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission.
8 However, EPA notes that we cannot prejudge a
final approval on the SSM SIP Call submission. If
EPA were to change direction based on comments
received on proposed rulemaking to approve that
SIP submission, we would not be able to approve
the SSM SIP Call submission, and therefore we
would not be able to give final approval to the 2015
RACT Submission.
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42771
Submission for the NOX and VOC RACT
for 2008 ozone NAAQS.
IV. Proposed Action
EPA is proposing to approve
Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission on
the basis that Delaware has met the
RACT requirements under the 2008 8hour ozone NAAQS per sections 182(b),
182(f) and 184(b)(2) for the reasons
explained in this notice, including our
position relating to the SSM SIP Call
and the related provisions within
Regulations 1124 and 1142 presently in
the Delaware SIP. EPA finds that
Delaware’s 2015 RACT Submission
demonstrates that the State has adopted
air pollution control strategies that
represent RACT for the purposes of
compliance with the 2008 8-hour ozone
standard for all major stationary sources
of VOC and NOX. EPA finds that
Delaware’s SIP implements RACT with
respect to all sources of VOCs covered
by a CTG issued prior to July 20, 2014
as well as represents RACT for all CTG
VOC and NOX major stationary sources
of. EPA is proposing to approve source
specific NOX RACT determinations for
two (2) units at the Delaware City
Refinery Company. EPA is proposing to
remove, in accordance with section 110
of the CAA, three (3) source specific
NOX RACT determinations for prior
ozone NAAQS from Delaware’s SIP as
the three processes at both facilities
have permanently shutdown—one
determination for SPI Polyols,
Incorporated and two determinations for
General Chemical Corporation.
Delaware’s SIP revision is based on a
combination of (1) certification that for
certain categories of sources previously
adopted RACT controls in Delaware’s
SIP that were approved by EPA under
the 1-hour ozone NAAQS and 1997 8hour ozone NAAQS are based on
currently available technically and
economically feasible controls, and that
they continue to represent RACT for the
2008 8-hour standard implementation
purposes; (2) the adoption of new or
more stringent regulations or controls
into the Delaware SIP that represent
RACT control levels for certain
categories of sources; and (3) the
negative declaration that certain CTG or
other major sources of VOC and NOX
emissions do not exist within Delaware.
EPA is soliciting public comments on
the issues discussed in this document
relevant to RACT requirements for
Delaware for the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
These comments will be considered
before taking final action.
V. Incorporation by Reference
In this proposed rule, EPA is
proposing to include in a final EPA rule
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regulatory text that includes
incorporation by reference. In
accordance with requirements of 1 CFR
51.5, EPA is proposing to incorporate by
reference source-specific RACT
determinations under the 2008 8-hour
ozone NAAQS for certain major sources
of NOX and VOC emissions. EPA has
made, and will continue to make, these
materials generally available through
https://www.regulations.gov and/or at the
EPA Region III Office (please contact the
person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section of this
preamble for more information).
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VI. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
Under the CAA, the Administrator is
required to approve a SIP submission
that complies with the provisions of the
CAA and applicable Federal regulations.
42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a).
Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions,
EPA’s role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of
the CAA. Accordingly, this action
merely approves state law as meeting
Federal requirements and does not
impose additional requirements beyond
those imposed by state law. For that
reason, this proposed action:
• Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
action’’ subject to review by the Office
of Management and Budget under
Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993);
• does not impose an information
collection burden under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• is certified as not having a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities
under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• does not contain any unfunded
mandate or significantly or uniquely
affect small governments, as described
in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);
• does not have Federalism
implications as specified in Executive
Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999);
• is not an economically significant
regulatory action based on health or
safety risks subject to Executive Order
13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
• is not a significant regulatory action
subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001);
• is not subject to requirements of
Section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because
application of those requirements would
be inconsistent with the CAA; and
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• does not provide EPA with the
discretionary authority to address, as
appropriate, disproportionate human
health or environmental effects, using
practicable and legally permissible
methods, under Executive Order 12898
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, this proposed rule,
Delaware’s 2008 8-hour ozone RACT
SIP revision does not have tribal
implications as specified by Executive
Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9,
2000), because the SIP is not approved
to apply in Indian country located in the
state, and EPA notes that it will not
impose substantial direct costs on tribal
governments or preempt tribal law.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air
pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Volatile organic
compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: August 30, 2017.
John Armstead,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.
[FR Doc. 2017–19215 Filed 9–11–17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA–R10–OAR–2015–0856, FRL–9967–54–
Region 10]
Air Plan Approval; ID; 2012 PM2.5
Standard Infrastructure Requirements
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is proposing to find that
the Idaho State Implementation Plan
(SIP) meets the infrastructure
requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA)
for the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) promulgated for the
annual particulate matter (PM2.5)
standard on December 14, 2012.
Whenever a new or revised NAAQS is
promulgated, the CAA requires states to
submit a plan for the implementation,
maintenance and enforcement of such
NAAQS. The plan is required to address
basic program elements, including but
not limited to regulatory structure,
monitoring, modeling, legal authority,
and adequate resources necessary to
assure attainment and maintenance of
the standards. These elements are
referred to as infrastructure
SUMMARY:
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requirements. On December 23, 2015,
the State of Idaho submitted a
certification to the EPA that the Idaho
SIP meets the infrastructure
requirements for the 2012 PM2.5
NAAQS.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before October 12, 2017.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R10–
OAR–2015–0856, at https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
Once submitted, comments cannot be
edited or removed from Regulations.gov.
The EPA may publish any comment
received to its public docket. Do not
submit electronically any information
you consider to be Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other
information the disclosure of which is
restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be
accompanied by a written comment.
The written comment is considered the
official comment and should include
discussion of all points you wish to
make. The EPA will generally not
consider comments or comment
contents located outside of the primary
submission (i.e., on the Web, cloud, or
other file sharing system). For
additional submission methods, the full
EPA public comment policy,
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on
making effective comments, please visit
https://www.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Matthew Jentgen, Air Planning Unit,
Office of Air and Waste (OAW–150),
Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 10, 1200 Sixth Ave., Suite 900,
Seattle, WA 98101; telephone number:
206–553–0340, email address:
jentgen.matthew@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Throughout this document wherever
‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ or ‘‘our’’ is used, it is
intended to refer to the EPA.
Information is organized as follows:
Table of Contents
I. Background
II. CAA Sections 110(a)(1) and (2)
Infrastructure Elements
III. EPA Approach to Review of Infrastructure
SIP Submittals
IV. Analysis of the Idaho Submittal
V. Proposed Action
VI. Statutory and Executive Orders Review
I. Background
On July 18, 1997, the EPA
promulgated a new 24-hour and a new
annual NAAQS for PM2.5 (62 FR 38652).
On October 17, 2006, the EPA revised
the NAAQS for PM2.5, tightening the 24-
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[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 175 (Tuesday, September 12, 2017)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42767-42772]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-19215]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 52
[EPA-R03-OAR-2015-0656; FRL-9967-55-Region 3]
Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans;
Delaware; Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) State
Implementation Plan (SIP) Under the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS)
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to
approve a state implementation plan (SIP) revision submitted by the
State of Delaware. This revision pertains to reasonably available
control technology (RACT) requirements under the 2008 8-hour ozone
national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). Delaware's submittal for
RACT for the 2008 ozone NAAQS includes (1) certification that, for
certain categories of sources, RACT controls approved by EPA into
Delaware's SIP for previous ozone NAAQS are based on currently
available technically and economically feasible controls and continue
to represent RACT for 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS implementation purposes;
(2) the adoption of new or more stringent regulations or controls that
represent RACT control levels for certain other categories of sources;
and (3) a negative declaration that certain categories of sources do
not exist in Delaware. This action is being taken under the Clean Air
Act (CAA).
DATES: Written comments must be received on or before October 12, 2017.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID Number EPA-
R03-OAR-2015-0656 at https://www.regulations.gov, or via email to
stahl.cynthia@epa.gov. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov,
follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted,
comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either
manner of submission, EPA may publish any comment received to its
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you
consider to be confidential business information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and
should include discussion of all points you wish to
[[Page 42768]]
make. EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents
located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or
other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, please
contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section. For the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI
or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective
comments, please visit https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Leslie Jones Doherty, (215) 814-3409,
or by email at jones.leslie@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On May 4, 2015, the Delaware Department of
Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) submitted a
revision to its SIP that addresses the requirements of RACT under the
2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS.
I. Background
A. General
Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by photochemical reactions
between volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen
(NOX) in the presence of sunlight. In order to reduce these
ozone concentrations, the CAA requires control of VOC and
NOX emission sources to achieve emission reductions in
moderate or more serious nonattainment areas. Among effective control
measures, RACT controls significantly reduce VOC and NOX
emissions from major stationary sources.
RACT is defined as the lowest emission limitation that a particular
source is capable of meeting by the application of control technology
that is reasonably available considering technological and economic
feasibility.\1\ Section 172(c)(1) of the CAA provides that SIPs for
nonattainment areas must include reasonably available control measures
(RACM) for attainment of the NAAQS, including emissions reductions from
existing sources through adoption of RACT. A major source in a
nonattainment area is defined as any stationary source that emits or
has the potential to emit NOX or VOC emissions above a
certain applicability threshold that is based on the ozone
nonattainment classification of the area: Marginal, Moderate, Serious,
or Severe. See ``major stationary source'' in CAA sections 182(b),
184(b) and 302. Sections 182(b)(2) and 182(f)(1) of the CAA require
states with moderate (or worse) ozone nonattainment areas to implement
RACT controls on all stationary sources and source categories covered
by a control technique guideline (CTG) document issued by EPA and on
all major sources of VOC and NOX emissions located in the
area. EPA's CTGs establish presumptive RACT control requirements for
various VOC source categories. The CTGs typically identify a particular
control level that EPA recommends as being RACT. In some cases, EPA has
issued Alternative Control Techniques guidelines (ACTs) primarily for
NOX source categories, which in contrast to the CTGs, only
present a range for possible control options but do not identify any
particular option as the presumptive norm for what is RACT. Section
183(c) of the CAA requires EPA to revise and update CTGs and ACTs as
the Administrator determines necessary. EPA issued eleven new CTGs from
2006 through 2008 for a total of 44 CTGs issued since November 1990.
States are required to implement RACT for the source categories covered
by CTGs through the SIP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See December 9, 1976 memorandum from Roger Strelow,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Waste Management, to Regional
Administrators, ``Guidance for Determining Acceptability of SIP
Regulations in Non-Attainment Areas.'' see also 44 FR 53761, 53762
(September 17, 1979).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pursuant to section 184(b) of the CAA, the same requirements for
sources of NOX and VOC apply to any areas in an ozone
transport region (OTR). A single OTR has been established under section
184(a), comprising all or part of 12 eastern states and the District of
Columbia.\2\ The entire State of Delaware is part of the OTR and,
therefore, must comply with the RACT requirements in section
184(b)(1)(B) and (2) of the CAA. Specifically, section 184(b)(1)(B)
requires the implementation of RACT in OTR states with respect to all
sources of VOC covered by a CTG. Additionally, section 184(b)(2) states
that any stationary source with the potential to emit 50 tpy of VOC
emission shall be considered a major source and requires the
implementation of major stationary source requirements in the OTR
states as if the area were a moderate nonattainment area. A major
source in a nonattainment area is defined as any stationary source that
emits or has the potential to emit NOX or VOC emissions
above a certain applicability threshold that is based on the ozone
nonattainment classification of the area: Marginal, Moderate, Serious,
or Severe. See ``major stationary source'' in CAA sections 182(b) and
184(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Only a portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia is included
in the OTR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Delaware History
Delaware has been subject to the CAA RACT requirements as a result
of previous ozone designations. Under the 1-hour ozone NAAQS, Kent and
New Castle Counties in Delaware were designated part of the
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD severe ozone nonattainment
area, and Sussex County was designated as a marginal ozone
nonattainment area.
Since the entire State of Delaware has been part of the OTR, RACT
was implemented in Sussex County as a moderate nonattainment area.
Therefore, all three counties were subject to RACT requirements under
the 1-hour ozone standard. Since the early 1990's, Delaware implemented
numerous RACT controls throughout the State to meet the CAA RACT
requirements under the 1-hour and the 1997 8-hour ozone standards.
Under the 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, the entire State of Delaware
(Kent, New Castle and Sussex Counties) was designated as a part of the
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City moderate nonattainment area, and
therefore continued to be subject to the CAA RACT requirements. See 69
FR 23858, 23931 (April 30, 2004). Delaware revised and promulgated its
RACT regulations and demonstrated that it complied with the CAA RACT
requirements in a SIP revision approved by EPA on July 23, 2008 (73 FR
42681).
Under CAA section 109(d), EPA is required to periodically review
and promulgate, as necessary, the ozone NAAQS to continue to protect
human health and the environment. On March 27, 2008, EPA revised the
1997 8-hour ozone standard to a new 0.075 ppm level (73 FR 16436). On
May 21, 2012, EPA finalized designations for the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS (77 FR 30087). Under the 2008 8-hour ozone standard, New Castle
County of Delaware was designated as a part of the Philadelphia-
Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE marginal nonattainment area, and
Sussex County of Delaware was designated as a stand-alone marginal
nonattainment area (77 FR 30088). However, due to its location in the
OTR, the entire State of Delaware is required to address the CAA RACT
requirements for a moderate nonattainment area by submitting to EPA a
SIP revision that demonstrates how Delaware meets RACT requirements
under the standard. Delaware is required to implement RACT for the 2008
ozone NAAQS on all VOC sources covered by a CTG issued by EPA, as well
as all other major stationary sources located within the State
boundaries with the potential to
[[Page 42769]]
emit 50 or 100 tons per year or more of VOC or NOX,
respectively. Therefore, the RACT requirements under CAA sections 182
and 184 apply to CTG sources, including eleven new CTG that EPA issued
between 2006 and 2008, and any other VOC or NOX sources.
C. EPA Guidance and Requirements
EPA has provided more substantive RACT requirements through final
implementation rules for each ozone NAAQS as well as guidance. On March
6, 2015, EPA issued its final rule for implementing the 2008 8-hour
ozone NAAQS (the 2008 Ozone Implementation Rule). See 80 FR 12264. This
rule addressed, among other things, control and planning obligations as
they apply to nonattainment areas under the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS,
including RACT and RACM. In this rule, EPA specifically required that
states meet the RACT requirements either through a certification that
previously adopted RACT controls in their SIP revisions approved by EPA
under a prior ozone NAAQS continue to represent adequate RACT control
levels for attainment of the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS, or through the
adoption of new or more stringent regulations or controls that
represent RACT control levels. A certification must be accompanied by
appropriate supporting information such as consideration of information
received during the public comment period and consideration of new
data. Adoption of new RACT regulations will occur when states have new
stationary sources not covered by existing RACT regulations, or when
new data or technical information indicates that a previously adopted
RACT measure does not represent a newly available RACT control level.
Additionally, states are required to submit a negative declaration if
there are no CTG major sources of VOC and NOX emissions
within the nonattainment area in lieu of, or in addition to, a
certification.
II. Summary of SIP Revision
On May 4, 2015 Delaware submitted a SIP revision to address all the
requirements of RACT set forth by the CAA under the 2008 8-hour ozone
NAAQS (the 2015 RACT Submission). Specifically, Delaware's 2015 RACT
Submission includes: (1) A certification that for certain categories of
sources previously adopted NOX and VOC RACT controls in
Delaware's SIP that were approved by EPA under the 1979 1-hour and 1997
8-hour ozone NAAQS are based on the currently available technically and
economically feasible controls, and continue to represent RACT for
implementation of the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS; (2) the adoption of new
or more stringent regulations or controls that represent RACT control
levels for certain categories of sources; and (3) a negative
declaration that certain CTG or non-CTG major sources of VOC and
NOX sources do not exist in Delaware.
A. VOC RACT Controls
Delaware Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 1124 (formerly
Regulation 24) contains Delaware's VOC RACT controls regulations for
all VOC sources greater than 50 tpy that were implemented and approved
into the Delaware SIP under the 1-hour and 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS.\3\
Delaware is certifying that these regulations, all previously approved
by EPA into the SIP, continue to meet the RACT requirements for the
2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS for major stationary sources and CTG covered
sources of VOCs. In addition, since EPA's approval of Delaware's 1997
8-hour ozone RACT SIP revision (73 FR 42681, July 23, 2008), the
following sections in Regulation 1124 have been updated to meet the
requirements of EPA's CTGs: Sections 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 37
and 45. All these revisions have been previously approved into
Delaware's SIP and meet the requirements of EPA's CTGs issued up to and
including July 20, 2014. Since EPA's approval of Delaware's 1997 8-hour
ozone NAAQS RACT SIP revision, Delaware adopted and EPA approved for
the Delaware SIP, three new provisions or regulations to meet RACT
requirements. These are (1) Regulation 1124, Section 8, Handling,
Storage, and Disposal of VOCs, (2) Regulation 1124, Section 46, Crude
Oil Lightering Operations, and (3) Regulation 1141, section 4,
Adhesives and Sealants. More detailed information on these provisions
as well as a detailed summary of EPA's review can be found in the
Technical Support Document (TSD) for this action which is available on
line at www.regulations.gov, Docket number EPA-R03-OAR-2015-0656.
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\3\ EPA notes that Delaware's Regulation 1124 at subsection 1.4
contains a provision that was identified as containing inappropriate
exemptions for startup and shutdown as well as containing
inappropriate director's discretion provisions in EPA's rulemaking,
``State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for Rulemaking;
Restatement and Update of EPA's SSM Policy Applicable to SIPs;
Findings of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP Calls to Amend
Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup,
Shutdown and Malfunction,'' (EPA's SSM SIP Call). See 80 FR 33839
(June 12, 2015). EPA provides analysis of the interplay and effects
of the EPA's SSM SIP Call and Regulation 1124, subsection 1.4 on
this proposed rulemaking in Section III of this rulemaking action.
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Delaware also submitted a negative declaration that the following
VOC CTG source categories do not exist in Delaware: Manufacture of
pneumatic rubber tires; wood furniture manufacturing operations;
shipbuilding and ship repair operations (surface coating); and
fiberglass boat manufacturing materials.
Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission also discusses Regulation 1141,
Section 1.0, Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings and
Regulation 1141, Section 2.0, Consumer Products. These regulations,
both previously approved by EPA into the Delaware SIP, establish VOC
content limits in various coating materials and consumer products.
Although these rules will assist Delaware in its efforts to attain the
ozone standard, they are ``beyond RACT'' levels as they apply to non-
major stationary sources.
B. NOX RACT Controls
Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission asserts that Delaware Air Pollution
Control Regulation No. 1112 (formerly Regulation 12) contains
Delaware's NOX RACT controls that were implemented and
approved into the Delaware SIP under the 1-hour and the 1997 8-hour
ozone NAAQS. Regulation 1112 has been in effect since 1993 and was
approved by EPA as RACT under the 1997 8-hour ozone standard for major
stationary sources of NOX. 66 FR 32231 (June 14, 2001). In
Regulation 1112, Delaware's NOX RACT controls are specified
by source groups such as fuel burning equipment based on heat input
capacity, gas turbines and stationary internal combustion engines. In
the 2015 RACT Submission, Delaware is certifying that Regulation 1112
continues to represent the lowest emission limits based on currently
available and economically feasible control technology for the source
categories and, therefore, meets the RACT requirements for the 2008 8-
hour ozone NAAQS for major stationary source NOX controls as
required by CAA sections 182(b)(2), 182(f), and 184(b)(2). The details
of Regulation 1112 are contained in the TSD prepared for this
rulemaking.
Delaware's Regulation 1112 provides presumptive NOX
limits for major stationary sources of NOX but also provides
for a case-by-case RACT determination process. For case-by-case
determinations under Regulation 1112, three (3) stationary sources
which previously received NOX RACT determinations in
Delaware's SIP have been shutdown and Delaware has requested EPA remove
these RACT determinations from the SIP. These shutdown sources are (1)
General Chemical Corporation facility's sulfuric
[[Page 42770]]
acid and inter-stage absorption system, (2) General Chemical
Corporation facility's metallic nitrite process, and (3) SPI Polyols,
Incorporated facility's Polyhydrate Alcohol Catalyst Regenerative
process. Delaware requests that these three NOX RACT
determinations be removed from Delaware's SIP as the sources of
NOX are permanently closed. The remaining case by case RACT
determination for CitiSteel USA, Incorporated, Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF) rated at 150 tons per charge was approved by EPA as RACT for the
1997 ozone NAAQS (73 FR 42681), and Delaware states that the case-by-
case NOX RACT determination continues to represent RACT
level control for this source. Pursuant to Delaware's case by case
authority in Regulation 1112, Delaware also proposes new limits as RACT
for two units at the Delaware City Refinery, including the fluid-coking
unit (FCU) and the fluid-catalytic-cracking unit (FCCU).\4\
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\4\ Limits are federally enforceable via a consent decree
between EPA, Delaware and Delaware City Refinery Company. See United
States of America, et al., v. Motiva Enterprises LLC, No. H-01-0978.
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In addition, in the 2015 RACT Submission, Delaware states it has
implemented specific NOX controls in other regulations to
tighten requirements for relevant subgroups contained in Regulation
1112. Delaware asserts Regulations 1142, 1144, 1146, and 1148 contain
additional NOX controls that have been implemented and
previously approved into the Delaware SIP.\5\ Delaware states that
these regulations in conjunction with the requirements from Regulation
1112 meet the RACT requirements for the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS for
these source categories. These source categories are industrial
boilers, industrial boilers and heat processors at petroleum
refineries, stationary generators, electric generating units (EGU), and
combustion turbines. Regulations 1112, 1142, 1144, 1146 and 1148 all
establish applicability, exemptions, definitions, and emission
standards as well as requirements for compliance, monitoring,
recordkeeping and reporting for their respective sources. Further
details of Delaware's NOX RACT determination in the 2015
RACT Submission for the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS can be found in the TSD
prepared for this rulemaking. Delaware also submitted a negative
declaration for cement kilns as a major source category of
NOX emissions that does not exist in Delaware.
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\5\ EPA notes that Delaware's Regulation 1142 at subsection
2.3.1.6 contains a provision that was identified as containing
inappropriate exemptions for startup and shutdown as well as
containing an inappropriate director's discretion provision in EPA's
SSM SIP call. 80 FR 33839. EPA provides analysis of the interplay
and effect of EPA's SSM SIP Call and Regulation 1142, subsection
2.3.1.6 on this proposed rulemaking in Section III of this
rulemaking action.
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III. EPA's Evaluation of Delaware's SIP Revision
A. RACT
EPA has reviewed Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission and finds
Delaware's certification of the RACT regulations for major sources of
VOC and NOX previously approved by EPA for the 1-hour and
1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS continue to represent RACT control level for
the source categories.\6\ EPA also finds that Delaware's SIP implements
RACT with respect to all sources of VOCs covered by a CTG issued prior
to July 20, 2014 and all major stationary sources of VOC and
NOX covered by Delaware's regulations and case-by-case RACT.
EPA accepts Delaware's negative declarations for VOC sources as there
are no applicable sources of cement kilns in the State. EPA finds that
Delaware's major stationary source VOC and NOX regulations
represent the lowest emission limits based on currently available and
economically feasible control technology for these source categories.
EPA's review of this material indicates that Delaware's 2015 RACT
Submission meets the RACT requirements for the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS
for applicable CTG source categories and major stationary sources of
VOC and NOX to address sections 182(b), 182(f) and 184(b)(2)
of the CAA.
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\6\ As noted above, two of Delaware's regulations which Delaware
relies upon as RACT for the 2008 ozone NAAQS were involved in EPA's
SSM SIP Call, Delaware's Regulation 1142 (subsection 1.4) and
Regulation 1142 (subsection 2.3.1.6). These regulations contain
provisions that were identified as containing inappropriate
exemptions for startup and shutdown as well as containing
inappropriate director's discretion provisions in EPA's SSM SIP
call. 80 FR 33839. EPA's analysis of the impact and effect of EPA's
SSM SIP Call and Regulations 1124 (subsection 1.4) and 1142
(subsection 2.3.1.6) on this proposed rulemaking is provided in this
Section III of this rulemaking action.
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With respect to the previous case by case RACT determinations
submitted by Delaware and approved by EPA for the Delaware SIP, the CAA
section 110(l) states ``The Administrator shall not approve a revision
of a plan if the revision would interfere with any applicable
requirement concerning attainment and reasonable further progress (RFP)
or any applicable requirement of the CAA.'' EPA finds that the removal
of the emission limits for (1) the Polyhydrate Alcohol Catalyst
Regenerative process SPI Polyols, Incorporated, (2) the sulfuric acid
process and inter-stage absorption system at General Chemical
Corporation and (3) the metallic nitrite process at General Chemical
Corporation from the Delaware SIP will not interfere with attainment of
any NAAQS or with RFP or any applicable requirement of the CAA because
these sources have permanently shutdown and thus emissions have been
completely eliminated. EPA finds the NOX RACT determination
for CitiSteel USA, Incorporated, Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) continues
to represent the lowest emission limitation that is reasonably
available considering technological and economic feasibility for this
source. With respect to the FCU and FCCU at the Delaware City Refinery
Company, EPA finds that the emission limits, compliance requirements
and recordkeeping and reporting requirements established by Delaware
represent RACT level of control for these units. Further details of
EPA's review and rationale for proposing to approve these SIP revisions
can be found in the TSD prepared for this rulemaking.
B. RACT and the EPA Startup, Shutdown, and Maintenance (SSM) SIP Call
In the 2015 RACT Submission, Delaware is certifying that Regulation
1124, Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, and Regulation
1142, Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Industrial Boilers and
Process Heaters at Petroleum Refineries, contain RACT levels of control
for meeting the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS requirements for certain major
sources of NOX and VOC. On May 22, 2015, the EPA
Administrator signed a final action, EPA's SSM SIP Call (formally, the
``State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for Rulemaking;
Restatement and Update of EPA's SSM Policy Applicable to SIPs; Findings
of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP Calls to Amend Provisions Applying
to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown and
Malfunction''). 80 FR 33839. With regard to the Delaware SIP, seven
Delaware regulations including Regulation 1124, Control of Volatile
Organic Compound Emissions, section 1.4; and Regulation 1142, Control
of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Industrial Boilers and Process Heaters
at Petroleum Refineries, section 2.3.1.6 were cited as giving the State
discretion to create exemptions allowing excess emissions during
startup and shutdown and were thus inconsistent with EPA policy as
expressed in the EPA's SSM SIP Call and the requirements of the
[[Page 42771]]
CAA. Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission was sent to EPA on May 4, 2015,
prior to promulgation of EPA's SSM SIP Call.
In 2016, Delaware revised Regulations 1124 and 1142, with a State
effective date of January 11, 2017, to remove the provisions identified
by EPA in EPA's SSM SIP Call as being substantially inadequate and
inconsistent with the CAA. Subsequently, on November 21, 2016, Delaware
submitted a SIP revision to address EPA's SSM SIP Call for six of the
seven Delaware regulations mentioned in the SSM SIP Call, including the
portions affecting Regulation 1124 (subsection 1.4) and Regulation 1142
(subsection 2.3.1.6). Delaware's November 21, 2016 SSM SIP revision
will be dealt with in a separate rulemaking action.
Challenges to EPA's SSM SIP Call are now pending before the United
States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C.
Circuit), in consolidated Case No. 15-1239 captioned Environmental
Committee of the Florida Electric Power Coordinating Group, Inc. v. EPA
(consolidated). Within the context of that litigation, the EPA has
informed the D.C. Circuit that ``EPA intends to closely review the SSM
Action, and the prior positions taken by the Agency with respect to the
SSM Action may not necessarily reflect its ultimate conclusions after
that review is complete.'' Case No. 15-1239, Document #1671681
(available in the docket for this rulemaking action). In a July 24,
2017 Status Report, EPA again told the D.C. Circuit that it ``is
continuing to review the SSM Action to determine whether the Agency
will reconsider all or part of the SSM Action, and/or grant the State
of Texas' administrative petition for reconsideration in whole or in
part.'' Because our review of the Delaware 2015 RACT Submission
necessarily includes our review of two regulations, Regulation 1124 and
1142, which are directly impacted by the SSM SIP Call, EPA would
therefore necessarily have to apply the substance of the SSM SIP Call
which (1) is currently the subject of litigation in the D.C. Circuit
and (2) is under review by the EPA with the result of that review
uncertain either in terms of the substance or the date it will
conclude. EPA is still actively reviewing the SSM SIP Call. Therefore,
EPA is proposing to approve the 2015 RACT Submission under two
alternative bases. EPA plans to take final action on the 2015 RACT
Submission adopting the basis that is consistent with the Agency's
final position on the SSM SIP Call along with appropriate consideration
of public comments received.
One alternative basis for EPA's proposed approval of Delaware's
2015 RACT Submission assumes that EPA will change its position and
related SSM Guidance outlined in the SSM SIP Call in such a way that
EPA would withdraw the SSM SIP Call as to Delaware Regulations 1124 and
1142.\7\ Based on this assumed EPA withdrawal of Delaware's portion of
the EPA's SSM SIP Call, EPA proposes to find that Delaware's 2015 RACT
Submission, including Delaware's Regulations 1124 and 1142 as presently
included in the Delaware SIP, is fully consistent with Clean Air Act
requirements.
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\7\ This alternative basis for proposed approval assumes that
EPA has changed its SSM Guidance and withdrawn the SSM SIP Call as
to Delaware Regulations 1124 and 1142. However, neither of those
actions are being effectuated here. Therefore, EPA does not consider
those issues open for public comment as part of this rulemaking
action. Any comments filed on this rulemaking that relate to the
possibility of EPA changing the SSM Guidance generally or a possible
withdrawal of EPA's SSM SIP Call as to Delaware Regulations 1124 and
1142 will be considered outside the scope of this rulemaking, which
is limited to EPA's proposed action on Delaware's 2015 RACT
Submission.
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Under the other alternative rationale, EPA assumes that EPA's
position (and related guidance) outlined in the SSM SIP Call will not
change in such a way that EPA would withdraw the SSM SIP Call as to
Delaware Regulations 1124 and 1142. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to
approve the 2015 RACT Submission as addressing RACT requirements for
the 2008 ozone NAAQS because EPA intends to propose approval and take
final rulemaking action approving the revised versions of Regulations
1124 and 1142 as revised in Delaware's response to the SSM SIP Call.
This basis for proposed approval of the 2015 RACT Submission is based
upon EPA approving Delaware's revisions to Regulations 1124 and 1142
prior to finalizing our action on the 2015 RACT Submission.\8\ By
taking such final rulemaking action approving the versions of
Regulations 1124 and 1142 prior to EPA taking final rulemaking action
on this 2015 RACT Submission, the regulations Delaware relies upon for
NOX and VOC RACT would no longer include any provisions
identified in EPA's SSM SIP Call.
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\8\ However, EPA notes that we cannot prejudge a final approval
on the SSM SIP Call submission. If EPA were to change direction
based on comments received on proposed rulemaking to approve that
SIP submission, we would not be able to approve the SSM SIP Call
submission, and therefore we would not be able to give final
approval to the 2015 RACT Submission.
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EPA is taking public comment on our proposed alternatives discussed
herein for approval for Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission for the
NOX and VOC RACT for 2008 ozone NAAQS.
IV. Proposed Action
EPA is proposing to approve Delaware's 2015 RACT Submission on the
basis that Delaware has met the RACT requirements under the 2008 8-hour
ozone NAAQS per sections 182(b), 182(f) and 184(b)(2) for the reasons
explained in this notice, including our position relating to the SSM
SIP Call and the related provisions within Regulations 1124 and 1142
presently in the Delaware SIP. EPA finds that Delaware's 2015 RACT
Submission demonstrates that the State has adopted air pollution
control strategies that represent RACT for the purposes of compliance
with the 2008 8-hour ozone standard for all major stationary sources of
VOC and NOX. EPA finds that Delaware's SIP implements RACT
with respect to all sources of VOCs covered by a CTG issued prior to
July 20, 2014 as well as represents RACT for all CTG VOC and
NOX major stationary sources of. EPA is proposing to approve
source specific NOX RACT determinations for two (2) units at
the Delaware City Refinery Company. EPA is proposing to remove, in
accordance with section 110 of the CAA, three (3) source specific
NOX RACT determinations for prior ozone NAAQS from
Delaware's SIP as the three processes at both facilities have
permanently shutdown--one determination for SPI Polyols, Incorporated
and two determinations for General Chemical Corporation. Delaware's SIP
revision is based on a combination of (1) certification that for
certain categories of sources previously adopted RACT controls in
Delaware's SIP that were approved by EPA under the 1-hour ozone NAAQS
and 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS are based on currently available
technically and economically feasible controls, and that they continue
to represent RACT for the 2008 8-hour standard implementation purposes;
(2) the adoption of new or more stringent regulations or controls into
the Delaware SIP that represent RACT control levels for certain
categories of sources; and (3) the negative declaration that certain
CTG or other major sources of VOC and NOX emissions do not
exist within Delaware. EPA is soliciting public comments on the issues
discussed in this document relevant to RACT requirements for Delaware
for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. These comments will be considered before
taking final action.
V. Incorporation by Reference
In this proposed rule, EPA is proposing to include in a final EPA
rule
[[Page 42772]]
regulatory text that includes incorporation by reference. In accordance
with requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, EPA is proposing to incorporate by
reference source-specific RACT determinations under the 2008 8-hour
ozone NAAQS for certain major sources of NOX and VOC
emissions. EPA has made, and will continue to make, these materials
generally available through https://www.regulations.gov and/or at the
EPA Region III Office (please contact the person identified in the For
Further Information Contact section of this preamble for more
information).
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP
submission that complies with the provisions of the CAA and applicable
Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in
reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices,
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this
action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and
does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state
law. For that reason, this proposed action:
Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
does not impose an information collection burden under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
is certified as not having a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
does not have Federalism implications as specified in
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
is not an economically significant regulatory action based
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR
19885, April 23, 1997);
is not a significant regulatory action subject to
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent
with the CAA; and
does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, this proposed rule, Delaware's 2008 8-hour ozone RACT
SIP revision does not have tribal implications as specified by
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because the SIP
is not approved to apply in Indian country located in the state, and
EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal
governments or preempt tribal law.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Volatile organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Dated: August 30, 2017.
John Armstead,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.
[FR Doc. 2017-19215 Filed 9-11-17; 8:45 am]
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