Additions and Modifications to the List of Drug Products That Have Been Withdrawn or Removed From the Market for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness, 69668-69677 [2016-24333]
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 195 / Friday, October 7, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
of the effective date of this AD: Do a detailed
inspection of the TFE sleeves under the wire
bundle clamps for correct installation, and
replace the sleeves if not correctly installed,
in accordance with the Accomplishment
Instructions of Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 747–28–2324, Revision 1,
dated July 27, 2015.
the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as
follows:
PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS
DIRECTIVES
1. The authority citation for part 39
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.
§ 39.13
[Amended]
2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding
the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):
■
2016–19–12 The Boeing Company:
Amendment 39–18661; Docket No.
FAA–2016–3986; Directorate Identifier
2015–NM–147–AD.
(a) Effective Date
This AD is effective November 14, 2016.
(b) Affected ADs
None.
(c) Applicability
This AD applies to The Boeing Company
Model 747–400, 747–400D, and 747–400F
series airplanes, certificated in any category,
as identified in Boeing Special Attention
Service Bulletin 747–28–2324, Revision 1,
dated July 27, 2015.
(d) Subject
Air Transport Association (ATA) of
America Code 28, Fuel.
(e) Unsafe Condition
This AD was prompted by a determination
that a certain fastener type in the fuel tank
walls has insufficient bond to the structure,
and an electrical wiring short could cause
arcing to occur at the ends of fasteners in the
fuel tanks. We are issuing this AD to prevent
potential ignition sources in the fuel tank in
the event of a lightning strike or highpowered short circuit, and consequent fire or
explosion.
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(f) Compliance
Comply with this AD within the
compliance times specified, unless already
done.
(g) Installation/Inspection
Within 60 months after the effective date
of this AD, do the actions specified in
paragraph (g)(1) or (g)(2) of this AD, as
applicable.
(1) For airplanes on which the
modification specified in Boeing Special
Attention Service Bulletin 747–28–2324,
dated November 3, 2014, has not been done
as of the effective date of this AD: Install new
clamps and polytetrafluoroethylene (TFE)
sleeves on the wire bundles of the front spars
and rear spars of the wings, in accordance
with the Accomplishment Instructions of
Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin
747–28–2324, Revision 1, dated July 27,
2015.
(2) For airplanes on which the
modification specified in Boeing Special
Attention Service Bulletin 747–28–2324,
dated November 3, 2014, has been done as
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(h) Alternative Methods of Compliance
(AMOCs)
(1) The Manager, Seattle Aircraft
Certification Office (ACO), FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if
requested using the procedures found in 14
CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector
or local Flight Standards District Office, as
appropriate. If sending information directly
to the manager of the ACO, send it to the
attention of the person identified in
paragraph (i) of this AD. Information may be
emailed to: 9-ANM-Seattle-ACO-AMOCRequests@faa.gov.
(2) Before using any approved AMOC,
notify your appropriate principal inspector,
or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/
certificate holding district office.
(3) An AMOC that provides an acceptable
level of safety may be used for any repair,
alteration, or modification required by this
AD if it is approved by the Boeing
Commercial Airplanes Organization
Designation Authorization (ODA) that has
been authorized by the Manager, Seattle
ACO, to make those findings. For a repair
method to be approved, the repair method,
modification deviation, or alteration
deviation must meet the certification basis of
the airplane, and the approval must
specifically refer to this AD.
(i) Related Information
For more information about this AD,
contact Tung Tran, Aerospace Engineer,
Propulsion Branch, ANM–140S, FAA, Seattle
Aircraft Certification Office (ACO), 1601 Lind
Avenue SW., Renton, WA 98057–3356;
phone: 425–917–6505; fax: 425–917–6590;
email: Tung.Tran@faa.gov.
(j) Material Incorporated by Reference
(1) The Director of the Federal Register
approved the incorporation by reference
(IBR) of the service information listed in this
paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51.
(2) You must use this service information
as applicable to do the actions required by
this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise.
(i) Boeing Special Attention Service
Bulletin 747–28–2324, Revision 1, dated July
27, 2015.
(ii) Reserved.
(3) For service information identified in
this AD, contact Boeing Commercial
Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services
Management, P. O. Box 3707, MC 2H–65,
Seattle, WA 98124–2207; telephone: 206–
544–5000, extension 1; fax: 206–766–5680;
Internet: https://www.myboeingfleet.com.
(4) You may view this referenced service
information at the FAA, Transport Airplane
Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton,
WA. For information on the availability of
this material at the FAA, call 425–227–1221.
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(5) You may view this service information
that is incorporated by reference at the
National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call
202–741–6030, or go to: https://
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibrlocations.html.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on
September 13, 2016.
Michael Kaszycki,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2016–22707 Filed 10–6–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
21 CFR Part 216
[Docket No. FDA–1999–N–0194 (Formerly
99N–4490)]
RIN 0910–AH08
Additions and Modifications to the List
of Drug Products That Have Been
Withdrawn or Removed From the
Market for Reasons of Safety or
Effectiveness
AGENCY:
Food and Drug Administration,
HHS.
ACTION:
Final rule.
The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA or the Agency) is
amending its regulations to revise the
list of drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because the drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective.
Drugs appearing on this list may not be
compounded under the exemptions
provided by sections 503A and 503B of
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (the FD&C Act). Specifically, the
rule adds 24 entries to this list of drug
products, modifies the description of
one entry on this list, and revises the
list’s title and introductory language.
These revisions are necessary because
information has come to the Agency’s
attention since March 8, 1999, when
FDA published the original list as a final
rule.
DATES: This rule is effective November
7, 2016.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Edisa Gozun, Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research (HFD–310), Food and
Drug Administration, 10903 New
Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 51, Rm. 5199,
Silver Spring, MD 20993–0002, 301–
796–3110.
SUMMARY:
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 195 / Friday, October 7, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Purpose of the Regulatory Action
Summary of the Major Provisions of the
Regulatory Action in Question
Costs and Benefits
I. Background: The Provisions of 503A and
503B Pertaining to the Withdrawn or
Removed List
II. Proposed Rule and Final Rule
A. The Proposed Rule
B. Presentation to the Advisory Committee
C. The Final Rule
III. Comments on the Proposed Rule and
FDA’s Responses
A. Comments on Proposed Entries for
Inclusion on the List
B. Comments on Other Issues
C. Comments on Updating the List
D. Miscellaneous Comments
IV. Legal Authority
V. Analysis of Environmental Impact
VI. Economic Analysis of Impacts
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
VIII. Federalism
IX. References
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Executive Summary
Purpose of the Regulatory Action
FDA is amending its regulations to
revise the list of drug products that have
been withdrawn or removed from the
market because the drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective
(referred to as ‘‘the withdrawn or
removed list’’ or ‘‘the list’’) (§ 216.24 (21
CFR 216.24)). Drugs appearing on the
withdrawn or removed list may not be
compounded under the exemptions
provided by sections 503A and 503B of
the FD&C Act. In this final rulemaking,
the Agency is finalizing in part the
proposed amendments to § 216.24 set
forth in the proposed rule published in
the Federal Register of July 2, 2014 (79
FR 37687).
Section 503A of the FD&C Act (21
U.S.C. 353a) refers to a list published by
the Secretary of Health and Human
Services in the Federal Register of drug
products that have been withdrawn or
removed from the market because such
drug products or components of such
drug products have been found to be
unsafe or not effective. Furthermore,
section 503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act
states that the Secretary shall issue
regulations to implement section 503A
and that before issuing regulations to
implement section 503A(b)(1)(C)
pertaining to the withdrawn or removed
list, among other sections, the Secretary
shall convene and consult an advisory
committee on compounding unless the
Secretary determines that the issuance
of such regulations before consultation
is necessary to protect the public health.
In addition, section 503B of the FD&C
Act (21 U.S.C. 353b) refers to a list
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published by the Secretary of drugs that
have been withdrawn or removed from
the market because such drugs or
components of such drugs have been
found to be unsafe or not effective.
After soliciting public comments and
consulting with the Pharmacy
Compounding Advisory Committee
(Advisory Committee), FDA is issuing
this final rule revising and updating the
list in § 216.24 for purposes of both
sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C
Act. FDA may update this list in the
future as necessary when information
comes to the Agency’s attention
indicating that changes to the list are
needed.
Summary of the Major Provisions of the
Regulatory Action in Question
The final rule: (1) Adds 24 entries to
the list of drug products in § 216.24 that
cannot be compounded for human use
under the exemptions provided by
either section 503A or 503B of the FD&C
Act because they have been withdrawn
or removed from the market because
such drug products or components of
such drug products have been found to
be unsafe or not effective, (2) modifies
one entry already on the list to add an
exception that allows a drug product to
be compounded under certain
circumstances, and (3) modifies the title
of part 216 and the introductory text of
§ 216.24.
Costs and Benefits
The Agency is not aware of any
routine compounding for human use of
the drug products that are the subject of
this rule, and therefore does not
estimate any compliance costs or loss of
sales as a result of finalizing regulations
making these drugs ineligible for
exemptions under sections 503A and
503B of the FD&C Act. The Agency has
determined that this rule is not a
significant regulatory action as defined
by Executive Order 12866.
I. Background: The Provisions of 503A
and 503B Pertaining to the Withdrawn
or Removed List
Section 503A of the FD&C Act
describes the conditions that must be
satisfied for human drug products
compounded by a licensed pharmacist
or licensed physician to be exempt from
the following three sections of the FD&C
Act: (1) Section 501(a)(2)(B) (21 U.S.C.
351(a)(2)(B)) (concerning current good
manufacturing practice); (2) section
502(f)(1) (21 U.S.C. 352(f)(1))
(concerning the labeling of drugs with
adequate directions for use); and (3)
section 505 (21 U.S.C. 355) (concerning
the approval of drugs under new drug
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applications (NDAs) or abbreviated new
drug applications (ANDAs)).
Section 503B of the FD&C Act created
a new category of ‘‘outsourcing
facilities.’’ Outsourcing facilities, as
defined in section 503B of the FD&C
Act, are facilities that meet certain
conditions described in section 503B,
including registering with FDA as an
outsourcing facility. If these conditions
are satisfied, a drug compounded for
human use by or under the direct
supervision of a licensed pharmacist in
an outsourcing facility is exempt from
three sections of the FD&C Act: (1)
Section 502(f)(1), (2) section 505, and (3)
section 582 (21 U.S.C. 360eee–1)
(concerning drug supply chain security),
but not from section 501(a)(2)(B).
One of the conditions that must be
satisfied to qualify for the exemptions
under both sections 503A and 503B of
the FD&C Act is that the compounder
does not compound a drug product that
appears on a list published by the
Secretary of drug products that have
been withdrawn or removed from the
market because such drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective
(withdrawn or removed list) (see
sections 503A(b)(1)(C) and 503B(a)(4) of
the FD&C Act).
II. Proposed Rule and Final Rule
A. The Proposed Rule
In the Federal Register of July 2,
2014, FDA proposed to revise the list of
drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because the drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective
(the July 2014 proposed rule). Drugs
appearing on this list may not be
compounded under the exemptions
provided by sections 503A and 503B of
the FD&C Act. Specifically, FDA
proposed to add 25 entries to this list of
drug products and to modify the
description of one entry on this list to
add an exception for products
compounded under certain
circumstances. The preamble of the
proposed rule explained that these
revisions are necessary to ensure the list
of drug products in § 216.24 reflects
information that has come to the
Agency’s attention since FDA published
the original list in the 1999 final rule.
Given that nearly identical criteria
apply for a drug product to be included
on the list referred to in section
503A(b)(1)(C) and the list referred to in
section 503B(a)(4) of the FD&C Act, FDA
proposed revising and updating the list
at § 216.24 for purposes of both sections
503A and 503B.
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 195 / Friday, October 7, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
As with the original list, the primary
focus of the July 2014 proposed rule and
this final rule is on drug products that
have been withdrawn or removed from
the market because they have been
found to be unsafe. FDA may propose at
a later date to add other drug products
to the list that have been withdrawn or
removed from the market because they
have been found to be not effective, or
to update the list as information
becomes available to the Agency
regarding products that were withdrawn
or removed from the market because
they have been found to be unsafe.
In the preamble of the July 2014
proposed rule, FDA also invited
comments on the appropriate procedure
to update the list in the future. FDA
described the provisions of sections
503A and 503B of the FD&C Act
regarding how the Agency is to create
and update the list, and noted the
differences between the procedures set
forth in sections 503A and 503B. The
Agency explained that it believes that
the timely sharing of information about
safety concerns relating to compounding
drugs for human use is essential to the
protection of public health. FDA also
explained that it is concerned that
consulting with the Advisory
Committee and completing the
rulemaking process are likely to
contribute to substantial delay in
updating the list to reflect current safety
information. FDA therefore announced
that the Agency was seeking an
alternative procedure to update the
withdrawn or removed list in the future
and solicited public comment. FDA also
stated that it would specify in the final
rule the procedure it will use to update
the list in the future.
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B. Presentation to the Advisory
Committee
At a meeting held on February 23 and
24, 2015 (see the Federal Register of
January 26, 2015 (80 FR 3967)), FDA
presented to the Advisory Committee
the 25 entries it proposed to include on
the list and the proposed modification
to the listing for one entry. The
Advisory Committee voted in favor of
including each drug product entry on
the list as proposed by FDA. In addition,
because FDA had received a comment
on the July 2014 proposed rule
requesting that FDA clarify the entry for
adenosine phosphate, FDA presented a
potential modification to the Advisory
Committee and the Committee voted in
favor of the modification.
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C. The Final Rule
1. List of Drug Products
The Agency has considered the record
of the February 2015 Advisory
Committee deliberations, that Advisory
Committee’s votes, and the comments
submitted on the July 2014 proposed
rule (see section III). Based on the
information before FDA and its own
knowledge and expertise, FDA is:
• Adding 24 entries to the withdrawn
or removed list in § 216.24 as written in
the proposed rule; and
• Modifying the description of one
drug product entry already on this list,
bromfenac sodium, to add an exception
when the product is compounded under
certain circumstances as written in the
proposed rule.
At this time, FDA is not finalizing the
entry in the proposed rule for all
extended-release drug products
containing oxycodone hydrochloride
that have not been determined by FDA
to have abuse-deterrent properties. The
addition of an entry to the withdrawn or
removed list for oxycodone
hydrochloride remains under
consideration by FDA.
2. A Single Withdrawn or Removed List
Will Apply for the Purposes of Both
Sections 503A and 503B
Given that nearly identical criteria
apply for a drug to be included on the
list referred to in section 503A(b)(1)(C)
and the list referred to in section
503B(a)(4) of the FD&C Act, FDA is
revising and updating the list at § 216.24
for purposes of both sections 503A and
503B. The list in § 216.24 applies to
compounders seeking to qualify for the
exemptions under section 503A and
outsourcing facilities seeking to qualify
for the exemptions under section 503B.
Drug products that appear on this list
have been withdrawn or removed from
the market because they have been
found to be unsafe or not effective and
may not be compounded for human use
under the exemptions provided by
either section 503A or 503B of the FD&C
Act.
3. Procedure for Updating the List Going
Forward
After consideration of the comments
submitted on the July 2014 proposed
rule (see section III of this document),
at this time FDA intends to continue
updating the list through notice and
comment rulemaking, and we are
therefore not proposing or adopting an
alternative process with the publication
of this final rule. We recognize that
adding drug products to the list may
limit their availability, and the notice
and comment process informs interested
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members of the public of how the
Agency proposes to revise the list and
gives them an opportunity to contribute
to the process. Additionally, we intend
to create a Web page, described in more
detail in the paragraphs that follow, that
contains information about any drugs
that we are considering proposing or
that we have proposed for addition to
the withdrawn or removed list. We
believe that the Web page will be a
valuable source of timely information
for patients, prescribers, and
compounders.
In the following paragraphs, FDA
discusses its current thinking about the
procedures we intend to use to revise
the withdrawn or removed list as
needed. This discussion does not create
rights or impose binding obligations on
the Agency. In section III, we respond
further to specific comments about
whether the Agency should adopt
alternative procedures.
We intend to propose regulations to
revise the withdrawn or removed list
periodically, as appropriate, as we
identify drugs that we tentatively
determine should be listed. We would
also propose regulations when we
tentatively determine that changes to
the status of drug products already on
the list should result in a revision to
their listing, for example, if some
version of a drug on the list has been
approved for marketing. As FDA
identifies drugs that it is considering for
a future rule proposal, we intend to
collect and post together on a single
page of the Agency’s Web site relevant
information about those drugs. The
information may include, for example,
Federal Register notices announcing
withdrawal of approval of a drug
application and accompanying safety
communications or information,
Federal Register notices announcing an
Agency determination that a drug
product was removed from sale for
reasons of safety or effectiveness, or
other relevant FDA Alerts, FDA Drug
Safety Communications, FDA News
Releases, Public Health Advisories, Dear
Healthcare Practitioner Letters, Citizen
Petitions, and Sponsor Letters.
If FDA determines that issuing
proposed and then final regulations to
add a drug product to the withdrawn or
removed list before consulting the
Advisory Committee is necessary to
protect the public health, then it will do
so as permitted under section 503A(c)(1)
of the FD&C Act. Based on the Agency’s
experience to date, we expect that this
will rarely be necessary, and that we
will instead generally consult the
Advisory Committee before adding a
drug product to the withdrawn or
removed list.
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When FDA consults the Advisory
Committee in the ordinary course, FDA
may issue a proposed rule announcing
proposed updates to the list prior to
convening the Advisory Committee, or
it may convene the Advisory Committee
first to discuss potential updates and
then publish a proposed rule. The order
will depend on the timing of the
Advisory Committee meetings, the
priority of matters that may be brought
before the Advisory Committee, and the
status of other compounding-related
rulemakings. There are numerous steps
that must be completed before holding
an FDA advisory committee meeting,
which make it difficult to schedule a
meeting on short notice. For instance:
(1) Meeting participants must be
contacted to determine their
availability, and travel and lodging
arrangements must be made; (2) conflict
of interest screening and review must be
completed before an advisory committee
member can participate in a particular
matter; (3) a Federal Register notice
must be published for each meeting to
announce to the public that a meeting
will be held, and it must generally be
published no later than 15 days prior to
the meeting; (4) a meeting location must
be secured; (5) meeting materials for the
committee must be compiled for
committee members, and a redacted
version must be created for posting on
the FDA Web site; numerous other
logistical steps must be completed.
Regardless of the order in which FDA
holds the Advisory Committee meeting
and issues a proposed rule, and with the
exception noted previously of the likely
to be rare instances where FDA
determines that it is necessary to revise
the list in § 216.24 prior to consultation
with the Advisory Committee to protect
the public health, FDA will only finalize
any additions or modifications to the
list after consulting the Advisory
Committee about the relevant drug or
drugs, and after FDA has provided an
opportunity for public comments to be
submitted on the proposed rule. In
addition to having an opportunity to
submit comments on any specific
proposals to the docket of the proposed
rule, members of the public will also
have an opportunity to comment on any
potential updates to the list at the
Advisory Committee meetings as well.
An open public hearing session will be
scheduled at each of these meetings,
during which interested persons will
have an opportunity to submit their
views.
In instances where FDA first consults
the Advisory Committee about a drug
product and subsequently proposes
regulations to update the list with a new
or modified entry for the drug product,
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FDA generally does not expect to
convene the Advisory Committee a
second time before deciding whether to
finalize the entry. The Agency may
bring the entry back to the Advisory
Committee if that is warranted. We do
not expect this will occur very often
given the opportunity to submit views
to the Advisory Committee before the
rule is proposed and as evidenced by
the fact that we received no comments
on 25 of the 26 entries that were
proposed for addition or modification to
the list in the July 2014 proposed rule.
III. Comments on the Proposed Rule
and FDA’s Responses
Seven comments were submitted on
the July 2014 proposed rule. Comments
were received from two pharmacists;
two health professionals; an
organization representing health care
practitioners, as well as food and dietary
supplement companies and consumer
advocates; and two organizations
representing pharmacists. FDA has
summarized and responded to these
comments in the following paragraphs.
To make it easier to identify the
comments and FDA’s responses, the
word ‘‘Comment,’’ in parentheses,
appears before the comment’s
description, and the word ‘‘Response,’’
in parentheses, appears before the
Agency’s response. We have numbered
each comment to help distinguish
between different comments. Similar
comments are grouped together under
the same number, and, in some cases,
different subjects discussed in the same
comment are separated and designated
as distinct comments for purposes of
FDA’s response. The number assigned
to each comment or comment topic is
purely for organizational purposes and
does not signify the comment’s value or
importance or the order in which the
comments were received.
A. Comments on Proposed Entries for
Inclusion on the List
1. General
(Comment 1) One comment supported
the list in the proposed rule and
recommended that FDA finalize the list
as soon as possible.
(Response) FDA agrees with the
comment.
2. Specific Drug Entries for Inclusion on
the List
a. Oral Chloramphenicol (Comment
2). FDA received one comment on the
proposal to include all oral drug
products containing chloramphenicol
on the withdrawn or removed list. The
comment requested that FDA
‘‘reconsider and reclassify
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69671
Chloramphenicol 250 mg tablets
labeling for tropical [sic] medical use
and packaging changes; rather than
withdraw from the marketplace for
developing nations [World Health
Organization,] WHO list of drug use.’’
The comment stated that
chloramphenicol 250 milligrams (mg) is
used to control hemorrhagic fever-like
illnesses (e.g., Lassa Fever, Ebola) and
also stated that control and survival
benefits outweigh the risks of
thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia
in the already anemic patient when
used in the short term appropriately.
(Response) FDA disagrees with the
suggested revisions. For the reasons that
follow, FDA will add all oral drug
products containing chloramphenicol to
the list in § 216.24.
In the Federal Register of February
11, 2009 (74 FR 6896), FDA announced
that it was withdrawing approval of
ANDA 60–591 for Chloromycetin
(chloramphenicol) Capsules 50 mg, 100
mg, and 250 mg, effective March 13,
2009. Armenpharm, Ltd., submitted a
citizen petition dated February 7, 2011
(Docket No. FDA–2011–P–0081), under
§ 10.30 (21 CFR 10.30), requesting that
the Agency determine whether
Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol)
Capsules, 250 mg, were withdrawn from
sale for reasons of safety or
effectiveness. After considering the
citizen petition, FDA determined that
the drug product was withdrawn for
reasons of safety or effectiveness. With
the approval of additional therapies
with less severe adverse drug effects,
FDA determined that the risks
associated with Chloromycetin
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250 mg, as
then labeled, outweighed the benefits.
Furthermore, Chloromycetin
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250 mg,
may cause a number of adverse
reactions, the most serious being bone
marrow depression (anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and
granulocytopenia temporally associated
with treatment). Additionally, prior to
the removal of the capsule drug product
from the market, a boxed warning in the
prescribing information for both
chloramphenicol sodium succinate
injection and chloramphenicol capsules
stated that serious hypoplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and
granulocytopenia are known to occur
after administration of chloramphenicol.
The boxed warning also described fatal
aplastic anemia associated with
administration of the drug and aplastic
anemia attributed to chloramphenicol
that later terminated in leukemia. There
is published literature that suggests that
the risk of fatal aplastic anemia
associated with the oral formulation of
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chloramphenicol may be higher than the
risk associated with the intravenous
formulation (see the Federal Register of
July 13, 2012 (77 FR 41412)).
In December 2015, FDA initiated the
process to suspend chloramphenicol
ANDA 60–851, which was held by
Armenpharm. FDA sent a letter to
Armenpharm notifying the company of
the Agency’s initial determination that
Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol)
Capsules, 250 mg were withdrawn for
reasons of safety or effectiveness and of
the Agency’s initial decision to suspend
approval of ANDA 60–851 (See Docket
No. FDA–2011–P–0081). Under
§ 314.153(b)(2) (21 CFR 314.153(b)(2)),
Armenpharm had 30 days from that
notification in which to present written
comments or information bearing on the
initial decision. On December 17, 2016,
Armenpharm submitted comments
requesting an oral hearing under
§ 314.153(b)(4). On March 17, 2016,
however, Armenpharm withdrew its
oral hearing request.
FDA issued a notice in the Federal
Register announcing the suspension of
ANDA 60–851 (see 81 FR 64914,
September 21, 2016). In the same notice,
FDA announced the following drug
products were withdrawn from sale for
reasons of safety or effectiveness:
Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol)
Capsules, 50 mg and 100 mg; Amphicol
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 100 mg;
and Chloromycetin Palmitate
(chloramphenicol palmitate), oral
suspension 150 mg/5 mL as currently
labeled.
After reviewing the comment
regarding the proposed oral
chloramphenicol entry, FDA reassessed
whether to include oral
chloramphenicol on the list, and if so,
how to describe the entry. FDA’s
January 2015 review on oral
chloramphenicol (available as Tab 8 of
Ref. 1 of the briefing document for the
February 2015 Advisory Committee
meeting) determined that oral
chloramphenicol formulations,
regardless of the specific oral forms and
strengths, are expected to have a safety
profile similar to that of
chloramphenicol capsules, 250 mg.
Furthermore, FDA’s January 2015
review on oral chloramphenicol noted
that the Agency was not aware of any
evidence that chloramphenicol has
antiviral activity against causative
agents of viral hemorrhagic fever,
including Ebola. Chloramphenicol’s
mechanism of antibacterial action is by
binding to the 50S subunit of the
bacterial ribosome, a structure not found
in viruses. Therefore, there is no
putative mechanism to expect antiviral
activity.
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This FDA review on oral
chloramphenicol was presented to the
Advisory Committee on February 23,
2015, and the Advisory Committee
voted in favor of the Agency’s proposal
to include all oral drug products
containing chloramphenicol on the list.
b. Adenosine Phosphate (Comment 3).
FDA received one comment asking that
FDA clarify whether the entry for
adenosine phosphate that was part of
the original list finalized in 1999 is
intended to include all three forms of
adenosine phosphate (mono-, di-, and
triphosphate).
(Response) For the reasons that
follow, FDA declines to modify the
entry for adenosine phosphate on the
list in § 216.24 at this time.
The preamble of the 1998 proposed
rule to establish the original list (see 63
FR 54082, October 8, 1998) stated that
adenosine phosphate, formerly
marketed as a component of Adeno for
injection, Adco for injection, and other
drug products, was determined to be
neither safe nor effective for its intended
uses as a vasodilator and an antiinflammatory. FDA directed the removal
of these drug products from the market
in 1973.
After reviewing the comment to the
docket of the July 2014 proposed rule
regarding the adenosine phosphate
entry, FDA began to assess whether to
modify the adenosine phosphate entry
and, if so, how.
FDA prepared a review on adenosine
phosphate (available as Tab 7 of Ref. 1
of the briefing document for the
February 2015 Advisory Committee
meeting) and consulted with the
Advisory Committee on February 23,
2015 on the comment, as discussed in
section II.B.
Ultimately, FDA determined that it is
unnecessary to modify the entry for
adenosine phosphate on the list in
§ 216.24 at this time. None of the
substances raised in the comment
(adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP),
adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), and
adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)) satisfy
the requirements for a bulk drug
substance that may be used in
compounding under either section 503A
or section 503B.1 Consequently, at this
time, a drug product compounded with
AMP, ADP, or ATP would be ineligible
1 These substances are not the subject of an
applicable United States Pharmacopeia or National
Formulary monograph, a component of an FDAapproved drug, on a list of bulk drug substances
established by FDA that may be used in
compounding, or on a drug shortage list in effect
under section 506E of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C.
356e). See section 503A(b)(A)(i) and section
503B(a)(2)(A) of the FD&C Act.
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for the exemptions provided under
either section 503A or section 503B.
c. Propoxyphene. No comments were
submitted regarding propoxyphene.
Since the time the proposed rule was
published, however, FDA announced in
the Federal Register of September 12,
2014 (79 FR 54729) that it was
withdrawing approval of three
propoxyphene products. The holders of
the applications for the three products
had been given notice of opportunity for
a hearing in the Federal Register of
March 10, 2014 (79 FR 13308) (the
March 10, 2014, notice), and no timely
request for a hearing on the matter was
received. In addition, FDA announced
in the Federal Register of April 15, 2016
(81 FR 22283), that it was correcting a
notice that appeared in the Federal
Register of March 10, 2014 (79 FR
13308). The March 10, 2014, notice
announced the withdrawal of approval
of 54 propoxyphene products with
agreement from holders of the affected
applications. The April 15, 2016, notice
added one additional propoxyphene
product, NDA 017507, held by
Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, to the table
of products for which approval was
withdrawn with agreement from the
holders of the affected applications.
B. Comments on Other Issues
1. Ripeness of Proposed Rule
(Comment 4) FDA received two
comments suggesting that the issuance
of the July 2014 proposed rule was
premature. The comments expressed
concern that FDA had proposed adding
drug products to the previously existing
list of drug products withdrawn from
the market for safety and efficacy
reasons without first obtaining input
from the Advisory Committee. One of
the comments further suggested that the
proposed rule be withdrawn until such
time as the drug products, proposed to
be added, could be reviewed by the
Advisory Committee.
(Response) FDA notes that the July
2014 Federal Register notice was a
notice of proposed rulemaking, not a
final rule. Section 503A(c)(1) of the
FD&C Act states that before issuing
regulations to implement section
503A(b)(1)(C) pertaining to the
withdrawn or removed rule (among
other sections), the Secretary shall
convene and consult an advisory
committee on compounding unless the
Secretary determines that the issuance
of such regulations before consultation
is necessary to protect the public health.
The changes in a proposed rule are not
effective or implemented unless and
until a proposed rule is finalized.
Because the Agency convened and
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consulted the Advisory Committee on
February 23, 2015, regarding each of the
amendments to the list we are finalizing
in the present rule, the Agency has
satisfied the statutory requirements of
section 503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act.
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2. Single List
(Comment 5) One comment suggested
that the Agency should finalize its
proposal to publish one list for both
section 503A and section 503B of the
FD&C Act.
(Response) FDA agrees with this
comment.
C. Comments on Updating the List
FDA received comments from five
different submitters on the procedure
for updating the list.
(Comment 6) FDA received two
comments regarding a specific
alternative approach to the current
process of issuing first a proposed rule
followed by a final rule before adopting
any additions or modifications to the
list. One comment recommended use of
an interim final rule or final rule with
comment to allow for the flexibility to
review public input, yet incorporate the
latest safety information into the
practice of compounding. Another
comment recommended that in
instances where public health may be of
significant concern, the Agency convene
an emergency meeting of the Advisory
Committee within 5 business days to
obtain specific input and
recommendations to the Secretary for
immediate inclusion of a drug product
on the list.
(Response) As noted previously in
section II.C.3, there are numerous steps
that must be completed before holding
an FDA advisory committee meeting,
which make it difficult to schedule a
meeting on short notice. In the likely to
be rare instances where FDA determines
that it is necessary to revise the list in
§ 216.24 prior to consultation with the
Advisory Committee to protect the
public health, FDA will add the drug to
the list prior to consultation with the
Advisory Committee under section
503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act.
With respect to issuing interim final
rules or final rules with comment, the
Agency’s current thinking is that the
process described in section II.C.3 will
allow the Agency to provide timely
public notice of emerging safety
information and appropriate
opportunity for interested persons to
comment before FDA revises the
withdrawn or removed list.
(Comment 7) FDA received a
comment suggesting that upon receipt of
a notice to withdraw a product from the
market for safety and efficacy reasons by
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the NDA or ANDA holder, FDA inform
the Advisory Committee and include a
review of that request on the
Committee’s next scheduled meeting
agenda.
(Response) FDA does not agree that it
should inform the Advisory Committee
when it is advised by an NDA or ANDA
holder that the NDA or ANDA holder
has removed a drug from the market for
safety or efficacy reasons, or that such
a drug should necessarily be included
on the Advisory Committee’s next
scheduled meeting agenda. FDA
considers but does not rely solely on an
NDA or ANDA holder’s assertions or
representations to determine whether a
drug has been withdrawn or removed
from the market because it has been
found to be unsafe or not effective.
Rather, the Agency considers a range of
information before the Agency, such as
information provided by the NDA or
ANDA holder, information contained in
the Agency’s files, and the Agency’s
independent evaluation of relevant
literature and data on possible
postmarketing adverse events. When the
Agency decides to propose a change, it
will proceed as described previously in
section II.C. The timing of any
consultation with the Advisory
Committee will also depend on, among
other things, the timing of the Advisory
Committee meetings and the relative
priority of matters that may be brought
before the Advisory Committee.
(Comment 8) Another comment
recommended soliciting public input
specifically on how to incorporate the
‘‘do not compound’’ list when
publishing intent to withdraw a drug.
(Response) FDA does not believe it is
necessary or that it would be efficient to
separately solicit public input every
time the Agency publishes a notice in
the Federal Register of its intent to
withdraw approval of a drug.
When the Agency publishes a notice
in the Federal Register of its intent to
withdraw approval of a drug, it does so
to give a particular party or parties
notice and an opportunity for a hearing
on the proposed withdrawal. This
process may or may not result in a
withdrawal of approval of the
application, and even if the application
is withdrawn the reasons may not relate
to the safety or efficacy of the drug.
Whether or how a drug should be
included on the withdrawn or removed
list under sections 503A and 503B of the
FD&C Act is a separate question. In
general, as discussed previously in this
document in section II.C.3, interested
members of the public will have the
opportunity to review and comment on
any proposals to add a drug to or revise
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69673
an entry for a drug already on the
withdrawn or removed list.
(Comment 9) FDA received several
comments opposing any approach to
updating the withdrawn or removed list
that would eliminate public review from
the process. One comment stated that
FDA already has the ability to remove
from the market any drug that is
dangerous and claimed that this does
not justify completely eliminating
public involvement in the process of
making additions to the withdrawn or
removed list. Another suggested that
additions and changes to the withdrawn
or removed list be made through notice
and comment rulemaking, observing
that such a notice and comment period
will allow stakeholders to review FDA’s
safety and efficacy concerns for a
particular drug product prior to addition
to the withdrawn or removed list. One
comment recommended incorporating
public discussion about how to address
a drug on the list when convening a
drug advisory committee. One suggested
all additions to the list go through an
advisory committee that is open to
public comment. One suggested that no
revisions to the list occur without the
input and review of the Advisory
Committee.
(Response) We appreciate these
comments, and as explained in section
II.C.3., at this time we have decided not
to adopt or propose an alternative
process to notice and comment
rulemaking for revising the withdrawn
or removed list. Additionally, FDA
intends to consult the Advisory
Committee prior to placing a drug on
the withdrawn or removed list unless
we determine that the issuance of such
regulations before consultation is
necessary to protect the public health.
These procedures provide ample
opportunity for public input regarding
additions or modifications to the list,
including: (1) An opportunity to present
relevant information at an open public
hearing held when the Advisory
Committee meets to consider proposed
revisions to the list and (2) an
opportunity to submit comments on
each proposed rule before it is finalized.
(Comment 10) One comment
recommended that all drug products
currently on the list be reviewed by the
Advisory Committee on an annual basis
to determine whether any change in
therapy or use of those drugs
necessitates either removal or the
clarification of certain salts, dosage
forms, or other clinical application to
assure accessibility of medications for
patients.
(Response) FDA has considered this
comment and does not believe it is
necessary to require an annual review
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by the Advisory Committee of all drug
products on the list. Such a review is
not necessary, practical, or feasible.
Once a drug has been added to the list,
FDA does not expect that there will
frequently be a need to revise the entry
for that drug. FDA intends to monitor
future approvals, withdrawals, or
removals of listed drugs, to consult
other relevant information that may
suggest a need for revisions to the list,
and to propose modifications as
appropriate. In addition, members of the
public can submit a citizen petition at
any time under § 10.30 requesting that
FDA modify or remove an entry on the
list (with adequate data to support their
request), and FDA will consider and
respond to the petition.
(Comment 11) One comment
recommended that FDA issue an annual
request in the Federal Register for
submissions by the public of drug
products to be reviewed and considered
for inclusion on the list, inform the
Advisory Committee of any submitted
drug products, and include a review of
those submissions on the Advisory
Committee’s next scheduled meeting
agenda.
(Response) FDA disagrees with the
suggestion to issue an annual request in
the Federal Register for submissions by
the public of drug products to be
reviewed and considered for inclusion
on the list. We welcome suggestions by
the public of drug products to consider
and review for inclusion on the list, or
of a modification to an entry in the list,
at any time through the citizen petition
process (see response to comment 10).
We do not wish to restrict the
submissions of such suggestions to just
once a year. FDA does intend to consult
with Advisory Committee as described
in section II.C.3.
D. Miscellaneous Comments
(Comment 12) One comment stated
that nowhere within the proposed rule
is there a formal process for reviewing,
updating, and informing the
compounding community of changes or
updates to the list of drugs withdrawn
or removed from the market for safety
and efficacy reasons. The comment
contends this is of grave concern to the
pharmacy community and one which
must be addressed.
(Response) FDA agrees that the
compounding community should be
informed of and have an opportunity to
review and comment on proposed
revisions to the list of drugs at § 216.24,
that have been withdrawn or removed
from the market because they have been
found to be unsafe or not effective. The
process outlined in section II.C.3
provides notice and an opportunity to
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comment to the compounding
community and to the general public.
Further, as noted elsewhere, members of
the compounding community and other
members of the public can submit a
citizen petition at any time under
§ 10.30, requesting that FDA modify or
remove an entry on the list (with
adequate data to support their request),
and FDA will consider and respond to
the petition.
(Comment 13) One comment
suggested that the Secretary establish
minimum criteria that must be met
before any drug product may be added
to the withdrawn or removed list.
(Response) FDA disagrees with this
comment. The criteria that must be met
to place a drug on the withdrawn or
removed list are laid out in the statute.
Under sections 503A and 503B of the
FD&C Act, drug products on the
withdrawn or removed list are those
that have been withdrawn or removed
from the market because such drug
products or components of such drug
products have been found to be unsafe
or not effective. At this time, FDA does
not believe it would be helpful to issue
guidance or regulations to further define
or interpret this standard. Instead, FDA
intends to discuss in any rulemaking the
basis for the Agency’s proposal to add
a drug product to the list or to modify
an entry on the list.
(Comment 14) One comment observed
that under both sections 503A and 503B
of the FD&C Act, drugs may be added
to the list if they have been found to be
not effective. The comment went on to
note that without the crucial check in
the rulemaking process afforded by
public review, FDA would be able to
ban from compounding any drug on the
pretext of it being ‘‘not effective.’’
(Response) As described in section
II.C.3, FDA intends to revise the list by
using notice-and-comment rulemaking
and, generally, to consult the Advisory
Committee. Interested members of the
public will have the opportunity to
submit their views through this process.
In addition, in the preamble to the July
2014 proposed rule, FDA observed that
as with the original list, the primary
focus of the July 2014 proposed rule was
on drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because they have been found to be
unsafe. FDA further stated that FDA
may propose at a later date to add to the
list other drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because they have been found to be not
effective, or to update the list as
information becomes available to the
Agency regarding products that have
been removed from the market because
they have been found to be unsafe.
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(Comment 15) One comment
suggested that when updating the list, a
process be considered by which FDA
will consider exemptions (for example,
when a drug or drug component may be
compounded for a specific formulation,
strength, or route of administration).
(Response) FDA agrees that
sometimes it may be appropriate to
except a specific formulation (including
strength), dosage form, or route of
administration of a drug on the list.
Indeed, as discussed further in FDA’s
response to the following comment,
FDA has already engaged in this
practice when it deems such exceptions
appropriate. Going forward, when FDA
is considering an addition or
modification to the list, FDA will
continue to consider the
appropriateness of such exceptions on a
case-by-case basis.
(Comment 16) One comment advised
that ingredients should be banned
completely and absolutely with great
caution.
(Response) With respect to whether
drugs on the withdrawn or removed list
may be used in compounding, as FDA
indicated in the preamble to the July
2014 proposed rule, most drugs on the
list may not be compounded in any
form. There are, however, two categories
of exceptions. In the first category, a
particular formulation, indication,
dosage form, or route of administration
of a drug is explicitly excluded from an
entry on the list because an approved
drug containing the same active
ingredient(s) has not been withdrawn or
removed from the market because it has
been found to be unsafe or not effective.
For such drugs, the formulation,
indication, dosage form, or route of
administration expressly excluded from
the list may be eligible for the
exemptions provided in sections 503A
and 503B of the FD&C Act. In the
second category, some drugs are listed
only with regard to certain formulations,
concentrations, indications, routes of
administration, or dosage forms because
they have been found to be unsafe or not
effective in those particular
formulations, concentrations,
indications, routes of administration, or
dosage forms.
In addition, FDA notes that just
because a drug is on the withdrawn or
removed list does not mean it is banned
completely and absolutely from
compounding. In certain circumstances,
if warranted, drugs that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
could be made available for use under
FDA regulations on expanded access at
21 CFR part 312, subpart I. If conditions
in the regulations are met, expanded
access programs allow the use of a drug
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in a clinical setting to treat patients with
a serious or immediately life-threatening
disease or a condition that has no
comparable or satisfactory alternative
therapies to diagnose, monitor, or treat
the patient’s disease or condition (see
Guidance for Industry, Expanded
Access to Investigational Drugs for
Treatment Use—Questions and Answers
(June 2016), available at: https://
www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/
GuidanceComplianceRegulatory
Information/Guidances/
UCM351261.pdf).
FDA will apply the statutory standard
for placing drugs on the withdrawn or
removed list, and intends to follow the
process described in section II.C.3 to
consult with the Advisory Committee
and provide the public with notice and
opportunity for comment.
IV. Legal Authority
Sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C
Act provide the principal legal authority
for this final rule. As described in
section I of this document, section 503A
of the FD&C Act describes the
conditions that must be satisfied for
human drug products compounded by a
licensed pharmacist or licensed
physician to be exempt from three
sections of the FD&C Act (sections
501(a)(2)(B), 502(f)(1), and 505). One of
the conditions that must be satisfied to
qualify for the exemptions under section
503A of the FD&C Act is that the
licensed pharmacist or licensed
physician does not compound a drug
product that appears on a list published
by the Secretary in the Federal Register
of drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because such drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective
(see section 503A(b)(1)(C) of the FD&C
Act). Section 503A(c)(1) of the FD&C
Act also states that the Secretary shall
issue regulations to implement section
503A, and that before issuing
regulations to implement section
503A(b)(1)(C) pertaining to the
withdrawn or removed rule, among
other sections, the Secretary shall
convene and consult an advisory
committee on compounding unless the
Secretary determines that the issuance
of such regulations before consultation
is necessary to protect the public health.
Section 503B of the FD&C Act
describes the conditions that must be
satisfied for a drug compounded for
human use by or under the direct
supervision of a licensed pharmacist in
an outsourcing facility to be exempt
from three sections of the FD&C Act
(sections 502(f)(1), 505, and 582). One of
the conditions in section 503B of the
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FD&C Act that must be satisfied to
qualify for the exemptions is that the
drug does not appear on a list published
by the Secretary of drugs that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market
because such drugs or components of
such drugs have been found to be unsafe
or not effective (see section 503B(a)(4)).
To be eligible for the exemptions in
section 503B, a drug must be
compounded in an outsourcing facility
in which the compounding of drugs
occurs only in accordance with section
503B, including as provided in section
503B(a)(4).
Therefore, sections 503A and 503B of
the FD&C Act and our general
rulemaking authority in section 701(a)
of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 371(a))
together serve as our principal legal
authority for this final rule revising
FDA’s regulations on drug products
withdrawn or removed from the market
because the drug product or a
component of the drug product have
been found to be unsafe or not effective
in § 216.24.
V. Analysis of Environmental Impact
FDA has determined under 21 CFR
25.30(h) that this action is of a type that
does not individually or cumulatively
have a significant effect on the human
environment. Therefore, neither an
environmental assessment nor an
environmental impact statement is
required.
VI. Economic Analysis of Impacts
FDA has examined the impacts of the
rule under Executive Order 12866,
Executive Order 13563, the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601–612) and
the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of
1995 (Pub. L. 104–4). Executive Orders
12866 and 13563 direct Agencies to
assess all costs and benefits of available
regulatory alternatives and, when
regulation is necessary, to select
regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits (including potential
economic, environmental, public health
and safety, and other advantages;
distributive impacts; and equity). The
Agency believes that this rule is not a
significant regulatory action as defined
by Executive Order 12866.
The Regulatory Flexibility Act
requires Agencies to analyze regulatory
options that would minimize any
significant impact of a rule on small
entities. Because small businesses are
not expected to incur any compliance
costs or loss of sales due to this
regulation, we certify that this rule will
not have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small
entities.
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69675
Section 202(a) of the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires
that Agencies prepare a written
statement, which includes an
assessment of anticipated costs and
benefits, before issuing ‘‘any rule that
includes any Federal mandate that may
result in the expenditure by State, local,
and tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector, of $100,000,000
or more (adjusted annually for inflation)
in any one year.’’ The current threshold
after adjustment for inflation is $146
million, using the most current (2015)
Implicit Price Deflator for the Gross
Domestic Product. We do not expect
this rule to result in any 1-year
expenditure that would meet or exceed
this amount.
This rule amends § 216.24 concerning
human drug compounding. Specifically,
the rule adds to and modifies the list of
drug products that may not be
compounded under the exemptions
provided by sections 503A and 503B of
the FD&C Act because the drug products
have been withdrawn or removed from
the market because such drug products
or components of such drug products
have been found to be unsafe or not
effective (see section II). The rule adds
24 entries to the list and modifies the
description of one drug entry on the list.
The Agency is not aware of any routine
compounding of these drug products
and, therefore, does not estimate any
compliance costs or loss of sales as a
result of the prohibition against
compounding these drugs for human
use.
Unless an Agency certifies that a rule
will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small
entities, the Regulatory Flexibility Act
requires Agencies to analyze regulatory
options to minimize any significant
economic impact of a regulation on
small entities. Most pharmacies meet
the Small Business Administration
definition of a small entity, which is
defined as having annual sales less than
$25.5 million for this industry. The
Agency is not aware of any routine
compounding of these drug products
and does not estimate any compliance
costs or loss of sales to small businesses
as a result of the prohibition against
compounding these drugs. Therefore,
the Agency certifies that this rule will
not have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small
entities.
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
The submission of comments on this
rule were submissions in response to a
Federal Register notice, in the form of
comments, which are excluded from the
definition of ‘‘information’’ under 5 CFR
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1320.3(h)(4) of Office of Management
and Budget regulations on the
Paperwork Reduction Act (i.e., facts or
opinions submitted in response to
general solicitations of comments from
the public, published in the Federal
Register or other publications,
regardless of the form or format thereof,
provided that no person is required to
supply specific information pertaining
to the commenter, other than that
necessary for self-identification, as a
condition of the Agency’s full
consideration of the comment). The rule
contains no other collection of
information.
VIII. Federalism
FDA has analyzed this final rule in
accordance with the principles set forth
in Executive Order 13132. FDA has
determined that this final rule does not
contain policies that have substantial
direct effects on the States, on the
relationship between the National
Government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various
levels of government. Accordingly, the
Agency concludes that the rule does not
contain policies that have federalism
implications as defined in the Executive
order and, consequently, a federalism
summary impact statement is not
required.
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with RULES
IX. References
In addition to the references placed
on display in the Division of Dockets
Management for the proposed rule
under Docket No. FDA–1999–N–0194
(formerly 99N–4490), the following
reference is on display in the Division
of Dockets Management (HFA–305),
Food and Drug Administration, 5630
Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD
20852 under Docket No. FDA–1999–N–
0194 (formerly 99N–4490) and is
available for viewing by interested
persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.,
Monday through Friday; it is also
available electronically at https://
www.regulations.gov. (FDA has verified
the Web site address in this reference
section as of the date this document
publishes in the Federal Register, but
Web sites are subject to change over
time.)
1. Briefing Information for the February 23–
24, 2015, Meeting of the Pharmacy
Compounding Advisory Committee
(available at https://www.fda.gov/
AdvisoryCommittees/Committees
MeetingMaterials/Drugs/Pharmacy
CompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/
ucm433803.htm).
For the convenience of the reader, the
regulatory text of § 216.24 provided
with this final rule includes the drug
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products described in this final rule and
the drug products codified by the 1999
final rule.
List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 216
Drugs, Prescription drugs.
Therefore, under the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under
authority delegated to the Commissioner
of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 216 is
amended as follows:
PART 216—HUMAN DRUG
COMPOUNDING
1. The authority citation for part 216
is revised to read as follows:
■
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 351, 352, 353a, 353b,
355, and 371.
2. The heading for part 216 is revised
to read as set forth above.
■ 3. Section 216.24 is revised to read as
follows:
■
§ 216.24 Drug products withdrawn or
removed from the market for reasons of
safety or effectiveness.
The following drug products were
withdrawn or removed from the market
because such drug products or
components of such drug products have
been found to be unsafe or not effective.
The following drug products may not be
compounded under the exemptions
provided by section 503A(a) or section
503B(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act:
Adenosine phosphate: All drug
products containing adenosine
phosphate.
Adrenal cortex: All drug products
containing adrenal cortex.
Alatrofloxacin mesylate: All drug
products containing alatrofloxacin
mesylate.
Aminopyrine: All drug products
containing aminopyrine.
Astemizole: All drug products
containing astemizole.
Azaribine: All drug products
containing azaribine.
Benoxaprofen: All drug products
containing benoxaprofen.
Bithionol: All drug products
containing bithionol.
Bromfenac sodium: All drug products
containing bromfenac sodium (except
ophthalmic solutions).
Butamben: All parenteral drug
products containing butamben.
Camphorated oil: All drug products
containing camphorated oil.
Carbetapentane citrate: All oral gel
drug products containing
carbetapentane citrate.
Casein, iodinated: All drug products
containing iodinated casein.
Cerivastatin sodium: All drug
products containing cerivastatin
sodium.
PO 00000
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Chloramphenicol: All oral drug
products containing chloramphenicol.
Chlorhexidine gluconate: All tinctures
of chlorhexidine gluconate formulated
for use as a patient preoperative skin
preparation.
Chlormadinone acetate: All drug
products containing chlormadinone
acetate.
Chloroform: All drug products
containing chloroform.
Cisapride: All drug products
containing cisapride.
Cobalt: All drug products containing
cobalt salts (except radioactive forms of
cobalt and its salts and cobalamin and
its derivatives).
Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride: All
drug products containing
dexfenfluramine hydrochloride.
Diamthazole dihydrochloride: All
drug products containing diamthazole
dihydrochloride.
Dibromsalan: All drug products
containing dibromsalan.
Diethylstilbestrol: All oral and
parenteral drug products containing 25
milligrams or more of diethylstilbestrol
per unit dose.
Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate: All drug
products containing
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate.
Dipyrone: All drug products
containing dipyrone.
Encainide hydrochloride: All drug
products containing encainide
hydrochloride.
Esmolol hydrochloride: All parenteral
dosage form drug products containing
esmolol hydrochloride that supply 250
milligrams/milliliter of concentrated
esmolol per 10-milliliter ampule.
Etretinate: All drug products
containing etretinate.
Fenfluramine hydrochloride: All drug
products containing fenfluramine
hydrochloride.
Flosequinan: All drug products
containing flosequinan.
Gatifloxacin: All drug products
containing gatifloxacin (except
ophthalmic solutions).
Gelatin: All intravenous drug
products containing gelatin.
Glycerol, iodinated: All drug products
containing iodinated glycerol.
Gonadotropin, chorionic: All drug
products containing chorionic
gonadotropins of animal origin.
Grepafloxacin: All drug products
containing grepafloxacin.
Mepazine: All drug products
containing mepazine hydrochloride or
mepazine acetate.
Metabromsalan: All drug products
containing metabromsalan.
Methamphetamine hydrochloride: All
parenteral drug products containing
methamphetamine hydrochloride.
E:\FR\FM\07OCR1.SGM
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 195 / Friday, October 7, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
Methapyrilene: All drug products
containing methapyrilene.
Methopholine: All drug products
containing methopholine.
Methoxyflurane: All drug products
containing methoxyflurane.
Mibefradil dihydrochloride: All drug
products containing mibefradil
dihydrochloride.
Nitrofurazone: All drug products
containing nitrofurazone (except topical
drug products formulated for
dermatologic application).
Nomifensine maleate: All drug
products containing nomifensine
maleate.
Novobiocin sodium: All drug products
containing novobiocin sodium.
Oxyphenisatin: All drug products
containing oxyphenisatin.
Oxyphenisatin acetate: All drug
products containing oxyphenisatin
acetate.
Pemoline: All drug products
containing pemoline.
Pergolide mesylate: All drug products
containing pergolide mesylate.
Phenacetin: All drug products
containing phenacetin.
Phenformin hydrochloride: All drug
products containing phenformin
hydrochloride.
Phenylpropanolamine: All drug
products containing
phenylpropanolamine.
Pipamazine: All drug products
containing pipamazine.
Polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium
chloride, sodium bicarbonate,
potassium chloride, and bisacodyl: All
drug products containing polyethylene
glycol 3350, sodium chloride, sodium
bicarbonate, and potassium chloride for
oral solution, and 10 milligrams or more
of bisacodyl delayed-release tablets.
Potassium arsenite: All drug products
containing potassium arsenite.
Potassium chloride: All solid oral
dosage form drug products containing
potassium chloride that supply 100
milligrams or more of potassium per
dosage unit (except for controlledrelease dosage forms and those products
formulated for preparation of solution
prior to ingestion).
Povidone: All intravenous drug
products containing povidone.
Propoxyphene: All drug products
containing propoxyphene.
Rapacuronium bromide: All drug
products containing rapacuronium
bromide.
Reserpine: All oral dosage form drug
products containing more than 1
milligram of reserpine.
Rofecoxib: All drug products
containing rofecoxib.
Sibutramine hydrochloride: All drug
products containing sibutramine
hydrochloride.
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Jkt 241001
Sparteine sulfate: All drug products
containing sparteine sulfate.
Sulfadimethoxine: All drug products
containing sulfadimethoxine.
Sulfathiazole: All drug products
containing sulfathiazole (except for
those formulated for vaginal use).
Suprofen: All drug products
containing suprofen (except ophthalmic
solutions).
Sweet spirits of nitre: All drug
products containing sweet spirits of
nitre.
Tegaserod maleate: All drug products
containing tegaserod maleate.
Temafloxacin hydrochloride: All drug
products containing temafloxacin
hydrochloride.
Terfenadine: All drug products
containing terfenadine.
3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide: All
drug products containing 3,3′,4′,5tetrachlorosalicylanilide.
Tetracycline: All liquid oral drug
products formulated for pediatric use
containing tetracycline in a
concentration greater than 25
milligrams/milliliter.
Ticrynafen: All drug products
containing ticrynafen.
Tribromsalan: All drug products
containing tribromsalan.
Trichloroethane: All aerosol drug
products intended for inhalation
containing trichloroethane.
Troglitazone: All drug products
containing troglitazone.
Trovafloxacin mesylate: All drug
products containing trovafloxacin
mesylate.
Urethane: All drug products
containing urethane.
Valdecoxib: All drug products
containing valdecoxib.
Vinyl chloride: All aerosol drug
products containing vinyl chloride.
Zirconium: All aerosol drug products
containing zirconium.
Zomepirac sodium: All drug products
containing zomepirac sodium.
Dated: October 3, 2016.
Leslie Kux,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016–24333 Filed 10–6–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4164–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Department of the Navy
32 CFR Part 706
Certifications and Exemptions Under
the International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972
Department of the Navy, DoD.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
69677
The Department of the Navy
(DoN) is amending its certifications and
exemptions under the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea, 1972 (72 COLREGS), to reflect that
the Deputy Assistant Judge Advocate
General (DAJAG) (Admiralty and
Maritime Law) has determined that USS
SIOUX CITY (LCS 11) is a vessel of the
Navy which, due to its special
construction and purpose, cannot fully
comply with certain provisions of the 72
COLREGS without interfering with its
special function as a naval ship. The
intended effect of this rule is to warn
mariners in waters where 72 COLREGS
apply.
DATES: This rule is effective October 7,
2016 and is applicable beginning
September 23, 2016.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Commander Theron R. Korsak, JAGC,
U.S. Navy, Admiralty Attorney,
(Admiralty and Maritime Law), Office of
the Judge Advocate General, Department
of the Navy, 1322 Patterson Ave. SE.,
Suite 3000, Washington Navy Yard, DC
20374–5066, telephone number: 202–
685–5040.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant
to the authority granted in 33 U.S.C.
1605, the DoN amends 32 CFR part 706.
This amendment provides notice that
the DAJAG (Admiralty and Maritime
Law), under authority delegated by the
Secretary of the Navy, has certified that
USS SIOUX CITY (LCS 11) is a vessel
of the Navy which, due to its special
construction and purpose, cannot fully
comply with the following specific
provisions of 72 COLREGS without
interfering with its special function as a
naval ship: Annex I paragraph 2 (a)(i),
pertaining to the location of the forward
masthead light; Annex I, paragraph 3(a),
pertaining to the location of the forward
masthead light, and the horizontal
distance between the forward and after
masthead light. The DAJAG (Admiralty
and Maritime Law) has also certified
that the lights involved are located in
closest possible compliance with the
applicable 72 COLREGS requirements.
Moreover, it has been determined, in
accordance with 32 CFR parts 296 and
701, that publication of this amendment
for public comment prior to adoption is
impracticable, unnecessary, and
contrary to public interest since it is
based on technical findings that the
placement of lights on this vessel in a
manner differently from that prescribed
herein will adversely affect the vessel’s
ability to perform its military functions.
SUMMARY:
List of Subjects in 32 CFR Part 706
Marine safety, Navigation (water), and
Vessels.
E:\FR\FM\07OCR1.SGM
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 195 (Friday, October 7, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 69668-69677]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-24333]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
21 CFR Part 216
[Docket No. FDA-1999-N-0194 (Formerly 99N-4490)]
RIN 0910-AH08
Additions and Modifications to the List of Drug Products That
Have Been Withdrawn or Removed From the Market for Reasons of Safety or
Effectiveness
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) is
amending its regulations to revise the list of drug products that have
been withdrawn or removed from the market because the drug products or
components of such drug products have been found to be unsafe or not
effective. Drugs appearing on this list may not be compounded under the
exemptions provided by sections 503A and 503B of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act). Specifically, the rule adds 24
entries to this list of drug products, modifies the description of one
entry on this list, and revises the list's title and introductory
language. These revisions are necessary because information has come to
the Agency's attention since March 8, 1999, when FDA published the
original list as a final rule.
DATES: This rule is effective November 7, 2016.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Edisa Gozun, Center for Drug
Evaluation and Research (HFD-310), Food and Drug Administration, 10903
New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 51, Rm. 5199, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002,
301-796-3110.
[[Page 69669]]
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
`Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Purpose of the Regulatory Action
Summary of the Major Provisions of the Regulatory Action in
Question
Costs and Benefits
I. Background: The Provisions of 503A and 503B Pertaining to the
Withdrawn or Removed List
II. Proposed Rule and Final Rule
A. The Proposed Rule
B. Presentation to the Advisory Committee
C. The Final Rule
III. Comments on the Proposed Rule and FDA's Responses
A. Comments on Proposed Entries for Inclusion on the List
B. Comments on Other Issues
C. Comments on Updating the List
D. Miscellaneous Comments
IV. Legal Authority
V. Analysis of Environmental Impact
VI. Economic Analysis of Impacts
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
VIII. Federalism
IX. References
Executive Summary
Purpose of the Regulatory Action
FDA is amending its regulations to revise the list of drug products
that have been withdrawn or removed from the market because the drug
products or components of such drug products have been found to be
unsafe or not effective (referred to as ``the withdrawn or removed
list'' or ``the list'') (Sec. 216.24 (21 CFR 216.24)). Drugs appearing
on the withdrawn or removed list may not be compounded under the
exemptions provided by sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act. In this
final rulemaking, the Agency is finalizing in part the proposed
amendments to Sec. 216.24 set forth in the proposed rule published in
the Federal Register of July 2, 2014 (79 FR 37687).
Section 503A of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 353a) refers to a list
published by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Federal
Register of drug products that have been withdrawn or removed from the
market because such drug products or components of such drug products
have been found to be unsafe or not effective. Furthermore, section
503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act states that the Secretary shall issue
regulations to implement section 503A and that before issuing
regulations to implement section 503A(b)(1)(C) pertaining to the
withdrawn or removed list, among other sections, the Secretary shall
convene and consult an advisory committee on compounding unless the
Secretary determines that the issuance of such regulations before
consultation is necessary to protect the public health.
In addition, section 503B of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 353b) refers
to a list published by the Secretary of drugs that have been withdrawn
or removed from the market because such drugs or components of such
drugs have been found to be unsafe or not effective.
After soliciting public comments and consulting with the Pharmacy
Compounding Advisory Committee (Advisory Committee), FDA is issuing
this final rule revising and updating the list in Sec. 216.24 for
purposes of both sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act. FDA may update
this list in the future as necessary when information comes to the
Agency's attention indicating that changes to the list are needed.
Summary of the Major Provisions of the Regulatory Action in Question
The final rule: (1) Adds 24 entries to the list of drug products in
Sec. 216.24 that cannot be compounded for human use under the
exemptions provided by either section 503A or 503B of the FD&C Act
because they have been withdrawn or removed from the market because
such drug products or components of such drug products have been found
to be unsafe or not effective, (2) modifies one entry already on the
list to add an exception that allows a drug product to be compounded
under certain circumstances, and (3) modifies the title of part 216 and
the introductory text of Sec. 216.24.
Costs and Benefits
The Agency is not aware of any routine compounding for human use of
the drug products that are the subject of this rule, and therefore does
not estimate any compliance costs or loss of sales as a result of
finalizing regulations making these drugs ineligible for exemptions
under sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act. The Agency has determined
that this rule is not a significant regulatory action as defined by
Executive Order 12866.
I. Background: The Provisions of 503A and 503B Pertaining to the
Withdrawn or Removed List
Section 503A of the FD&C Act describes the conditions that must be
satisfied for human drug products compounded by a licensed pharmacist
or licensed physician to be exempt from the following three sections of
the FD&C Act: (1) Section 501(a)(2)(B) (21 U.S.C. 351(a)(2)(B))
(concerning current good manufacturing practice); (2) section 502(f)(1)
(21 U.S.C. 352(f)(1)) (concerning the labeling of drugs with adequate
directions for use); and (3) section 505 (21 U.S.C. 355) (concerning
the approval of drugs under new drug applications (NDAs) or abbreviated
new drug applications (ANDAs)).
Section 503B of the FD&C Act created a new category of
``outsourcing facilities.'' Outsourcing facilities, as defined in
section 503B of the FD&C Act, are facilities that meet certain
conditions described in section 503B, including registering with FDA as
an outsourcing facility. If these conditions are satisfied, a drug
compounded for human use by or under the direct supervision of a
licensed pharmacist in an outsourcing facility is exempt from three
sections of the FD&C Act: (1) Section 502(f)(1), (2) section 505, and
(3) section 582 (21 U.S.C. 360eee-1) (concerning drug supply chain
security), but not from section 501(a)(2)(B).
One of the conditions that must be satisfied to qualify for the
exemptions under both sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act is that
the compounder does not compound a drug product that appears on a list
published by the Secretary of drug products that have been withdrawn or
removed from the market because such drug products or components of
such drug products have been found to be unsafe or not effective
(withdrawn or removed list) (see sections 503A(b)(1)(C) and 503B(a)(4)
of the FD&C Act).
II. Proposed Rule and Final Rule
A. The Proposed Rule
In the Federal Register of July 2, 2014, FDA proposed to revise the
list of drug products that have been withdrawn or removed from the
market because the drug products or components of such drug products
have been found to be unsafe or not effective (the July 2014 proposed
rule). Drugs appearing on this list may not be compounded under the
exemptions provided by sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act.
Specifically, FDA proposed to add 25 entries to this list of drug
products and to modify the description of one entry on this list to add
an exception for products compounded under certain circumstances. The
preamble of the proposed rule explained that these revisions are
necessary to ensure the list of drug products in Sec. 216.24 reflects
information that has come to the Agency's attention since FDA published
the original list in the 1999 final rule. Given that nearly identical
criteria apply for a drug product to be included on the list referred
to in section 503A(b)(1)(C) and the list referred to in section
503B(a)(4) of the FD&C Act, FDA proposed revising and updating the list
at Sec. 216.24 for purposes of both sections 503A and 503B.
[[Page 69670]]
As with the original list, the primary focus of the July 2014
proposed rule and this final rule is on drug products that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market because they have been found to be
unsafe. FDA may propose at a later date to add other drug products to
the list that have been withdrawn or removed from the market because
they have been found to be not effective, or to update the list as
information becomes available to the Agency regarding products that
were withdrawn or removed from the market because they have been found
to be unsafe.
In the preamble of the July 2014 proposed rule, FDA also invited
comments on the appropriate procedure to update the list in the future.
FDA described the provisions of sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act
regarding how the Agency is to create and update the list, and noted
the differences between the procedures set forth in sections 503A and
503B. The Agency explained that it believes that the timely sharing of
information about safety concerns relating to compounding drugs for
human use is essential to the protection of public health. FDA also
explained that it is concerned that consulting with the Advisory
Committee and completing the rulemaking process are likely to
contribute to substantial delay in updating the list to reflect current
safety information. FDA therefore announced that the Agency was seeking
an alternative procedure to update the withdrawn or removed list in the
future and solicited public comment. FDA also stated that it would
specify in the final rule the procedure it will use to update the list
in the future.
B. Presentation to the Advisory Committee
At a meeting held on February 23 and 24, 2015 (see the Federal
Register of January 26, 2015 (80 FR 3967)), FDA presented to the
Advisory Committee the 25 entries it proposed to include on the list
and the proposed modification to the listing for one entry. The
Advisory Committee voted in favor of including each drug product entry
on the list as proposed by FDA. In addition, because FDA had received a
comment on the July 2014 proposed rule requesting that FDA clarify the
entry for adenosine phosphate, FDA presented a potential modification
to the Advisory Committee and the Committee voted in favor of the
modification.
C. The Final Rule
1. List of Drug Products
The Agency has considered the record of the February 2015 Advisory
Committee deliberations, that Advisory Committee's votes, and the
comments submitted on the July 2014 proposed rule (see section III).
Based on the information before FDA and its own knowledge and
expertise, FDA is:
Adding 24 entries to the withdrawn or removed list in
Sec. 216.24 as written in the proposed rule; and
Modifying the description of one drug product entry
already on this list, bromfenac sodium, to add an exception when the
product is compounded under certain circumstances as written in the
proposed rule.
At this time, FDA is not finalizing the entry in the proposed rule for
all extended-release drug products containing oxycodone hydrochloride
that have not been determined by FDA to have abuse-deterrent
properties. The addition of an entry to the withdrawn or removed list
for oxycodone hydrochloride remains under consideration by FDA.
2. A Single Withdrawn or Removed List Will Apply for the Purposes of
Both Sections 503A and 503B
Given that nearly identical criteria apply for a drug to be
included on the list referred to in section 503A(b)(1)(C) and the list
referred to in section 503B(a)(4) of the FD&C Act, FDA is revising and
updating the list at Sec. 216.24 for purposes of both sections 503A
and 503B. The list in Sec. 216.24 applies to compounders seeking to
qualify for the exemptions under section 503A and outsourcing
facilities seeking to qualify for the exemptions under section 503B.
Drug products that appear on this list have been withdrawn or removed
from the market because they have been found to be unsafe or not
effective and may not be compounded for human use under the exemptions
provided by either section 503A or 503B of the FD&C Act.
3. Procedure for Updating the List Going Forward
After consideration of the comments submitted on the July 2014
proposed rule (see section III of this document), at this time FDA
intends to continue updating the list through notice and comment
rulemaking, and we are therefore not proposing or adopting an
alternative process with the publication of this final rule. We
recognize that adding drug products to the list may limit their
availability, and the notice and comment process informs interested
members of the public of how the Agency proposes to revise the list and
gives them an opportunity to contribute to the process. Additionally,
we intend to create a Web page, described in more detail in the
paragraphs that follow, that contains information about any drugs that
we are considering proposing or that we have proposed for addition to
the withdrawn or removed list. We believe that the Web page will be a
valuable source of timely information for patients, prescribers, and
compounders.
In the following paragraphs, FDA discusses its current thinking
about the procedures we intend to use to revise the withdrawn or
removed list as needed. This discussion does not create rights or
impose binding obligations on the Agency. In section III, we respond
further to specific comments about whether the Agency should adopt
alternative procedures.
We intend to propose regulations to revise the withdrawn or removed
list periodically, as appropriate, as we identify drugs that we
tentatively determine should be listed. We would also propose
regulations when we tentatively determine that changes to the status of
drug products already on the list should result in a revision to their
listing, for example, if some version of a drug on the list has been
approved for marketing. As FDA identifies drugs that it is considering
for a future rule proposal, we intend to collect and post together on a
single page of the Agency's Web site relevant information about those
drugs. The information may include, for example, Federal Register
notices announcing withdrawal of approval of a drug application and
accompanying safety communications or information, Federal Register
notices announcing an Agency determination that a drug product was
removed from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness, or other
relevant FDA Alerts, FDA Drug Safety Communications, FDA News Releases,
Public Health Advisories, Dear Healthcare Practitioner Letters, Citizen
Petitions, and Sponsor Letters.
If FDA determines that issuing proposed and then final regulations
to add a drug product to the withdrawn or removed list before
consulting the Advisory Committee is necessary to protect the public
health, then it will do so as permitted under section 503A(c)(1) of the
FD&C Act. Based on the Agency's experience to date, we expect that this
will rarely be necessary, and that we will instead generally consult
the Advisory Committee before adding a drug product to the withdrawn or
removed list.
[[Page 69671]]
When FDA consults the Advisory Committee in the ordinary course,
FDA may issue a proposed rule announcing proposed updates to the list
prior to convening the Advisory Committee, or it may convene the
Advisory Committee first to discuss potential updates and then publish
a proposed rule. The order will depend on the timing of the Advisory
Committee meetings, the priority of matters that may be brought before
the Advisory Committee, and the status of other compounding-related
rulemakings. There are numerous steps that must be completed before
holding an FDA advisory committee meeting, which make it difficult to
schedule a meeting on short notice. For instance: (1) Meeting
participants must be contacted to determine their availability, and
travel and lodging arrangements must be made; (2) conflict of interest
screening and review must be completed before an advisory committee
member can participate in a particular matter; (3) a Federal Register
notice must be published for each meeting to announce to the public
that a meeting will be held, and it must generally be published no
later than 15 days prior to the meeting; (4) a meeting location must be
secured; (5) meeting materials for the committee must be compiled for
committee members, and a redacted version must be created for posting
on the FDA Web site; numerous other logistical steps must be completed.
Regardless of the order in which FDA holds the Advisory Committee
meeting and issues a proposed rule, and with the exception noted
previously of the likely to be rare instances where FDA determines that
it is necessary to revise the list in Sec. 216.24 prior to
consultation with the Advisory Committee to protect the public health,
FDA will only finalize any additions or modifications to the list after
consulting the Advisory Committee about the relevant drug or drugs, and
after FDA has provided an opportunity for public comments to be
submitted on the proposed rule. In addition to having an opportunity to
submit comments on any specific proposals to the docket of the proposed
rule, members of the public will also have an opportunity to comment on
any potential updates to the list at the Advisory Committee meetings as
well. An open public hearing session will be scheduled at each of these
meetings, during which interested persons will have an opportunity to
submit their views.
In instances where FDA first consults the Advisory Committee about
a drug product and subsequently proposes regulations to update the list
with a new or modified entry for the drug product, FDA generally does
not expect to convene the Advisory Committee a second time before
deciding whether to finalize the entry. The Agency may bring the entry
back to the Advisory Committee if that is warranted. We do not expect
this will occur very often given the opportunity to submit views to the
Advisory Committee before the rule is proposed and as evidenced by the
fact that we received no comments on 25 of the 26 entries that were
proposed for addition or modification to the list in the July 2014
proposed rule.
III. Comments on the Proposed Rule and FDA's Responses
Seven comments were submitted on the July 2014 proposed rule.
Comments were received from two pharmacists; two health professionals;
an organization representing health care practitioners, as well as food
and dietary supplement companies and consumer advocates; and two
organizations representing pharmacists. FDA has summarized and
responded to these comments in the following paragraphs.
To make it easier to identify the comments and FDA's responses, the
word ``Comment,'' in parentheses, appears before the comment's
description, and the word ``Response,'' in parentheses, appears before
the Agency's response. We have numbered each comment to help
distinguish between different comments. Similar comments are grouped
together under the same number, and, in some cases, different subjects
discussed in the same comment are separated and designated as distinct
comments for purposes of FDA's response. The number assigned to each
comment or comment topic is purely for organizational purposes and does
not signify the comment's value or importance or the order in which the
comments were received.
A. Comments on Proposed Entries for Inclusion on the List
1. General
(Comment 1) One comment supported the list in the proposed rule and
recommended that FDA finalize the list as soon as possible.
(Response) FDA agrees with the comment.
2. Specific Drug Entries for Inclusion on the List
a. Oral Chloramphenicol (Comment 2). FDA received one comment on
the proposal to include all oral drug products containing
chloramphenicol on the withdrawn or removed list. The comment requested
that FDA ``reconsider and reclassify Chloramphenicol 250 mg tablets
labeling for tropical [sic] medical use and packaging changes; rather
than withdraw from the marketplace for developing nations [World Health
Organization,] WHO list of drug use.'' The comment stated that
chloramphenicol 250 milligrams (mg) is used to control hemorrhagic
fever-like illnesses (e.g., Lassa Fever, Ebola) and also stated that
control and survival benefits outweigh the risks of thrombocytopenia
and aplastic anemia in the already anemic patient when used in the
short term appropriately.
(Response) FDA disagrees with the suggested revisions. For the
reasons that follow, FDA will add all oral drug products containing
chloramphenicol to the list in Sec. 216.24.
In the Federal Register of February 11, 2009 (74 FR 6896), FDA
announced that it was withdrawing approval of ANDA 60-591 for
Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol) Capsules 50 mg, 100 mg, and 250 mg,
effective March 13, 2009. Armenpharm, Ltd., submitted a citizen
petition dated February 7, 2011 (Docket No. FDA-2011-P-0081), under
Sec. 10.30 (21 CFR 10.30), requesting that the Agency determine
whether Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250 mg, were
withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. After
considering the citizen petition, FDA determined that the drug product
was withdrawn for reasons of safety or effectiveness. With the approval
of additional therapies with less severe adverse drug effects, FDA
determined that the risks associated with Chloromycetin
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250 mg, as then labeled, outweighed the
benefits. Furthermore, Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250
mg, may cause a number of adverse reactions, the most serious being
bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia
temporally associated with treatment). Additionally, prior to the
removal of the capsule drug product from the market, a boxed warning in
the prescribing information for both chloramphenicol sodium succinate
injection and chloramphenicol capsules stated that serious hypoplastic
anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia are known to occur after
administration of chloramphenicol. The boxed warning also described
fatal aplastic anemia associated with administration of the drug and
aplastic anemia attributed to chloramphenicol that later terminated in
leukemia. There is published literature that suggests that the risk of
fatal aplastic anemia associated with the oral formulation of
[[Page 69672]]
chloramphenicol may be higher than the risk associated with the
intravenous formulation (see the Federal Register of July 13, 2012 (77
FR 41412)).
In December 2015, FDA initiated the process to suspend
chloramphenicol ANDA 60-851, which was held by Armenpharm. FDA sent a
letter to Armenpharm notifying the company of the Agency's initial
determination that Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol) Capsules, 250 mg
were withdrawn for reasons of safety or effectiveness and of the
Agency's initial decision to suspend approval of ANDA 60-851 (See
Docket No. FDA-2011-P-0081). Under Sec. 314.153(b)(2) (21 CFR
314.153(b)(2)), Armenpharm had 30 days from that notification in which
to present written comments or information bearing on the initial
decision. On December 17, 2016, Armenpharm submitted comments
requesting an oral hearing under Sec. 314.153(b)(4). On March 17,
2016, however, Armenpharm withdrew its oral hearing request.
FDA issued a notice in the Federal Register announcing the
suspension of ANDA 60-851 (see 81 FR 64914, September 21, 2016). In the
same notice, FDA announced the following drug products were withdrawn
from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness: Chloromycetin
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 50 mg and 100 mg; Amphicol
(chloramphenicol) Capsules, 100 mg; and Chloromycetin Palmitate
(chloramphenicol palmitate), oral suspension 150 mg/5 mL as currently
labeled.
After reviewing the comment regarding the proposed oral
chloramphenicol entry, FDA reassessed whether to include oral
chloramphenicol on the list, and if so, how to describe the entry.
FDA's January 2015 review on oral chloramphenicol (available as Tab 8
of Ref. 1 of the briefing document for the February 2015 Advisory
Committee meeting) determined that oral chloramphenicol formulations,
regardless of the specific oral forms and strengths, are expected to
have a safety profile similar to that of chloramphenicol capsules, 250
mg. Furthermore, FDA's January 2015 review on oral chloramphenicol
noted that the Agency was not aware of any evidence that
chloramphenicol has antiviral activity against causative agents of
viral hemorrhagic fever, including Ebola. Chloramphenicol's mechanism
of antibacterial action is by binding to the 50S subunit of the
bacterial ribosome, a structure not found in viruses. Therefore, there
is no putative mechanism to expect antiviral activity.
This FDA review on oral chloramphenicol was presented to the
Advisory Committee on February 23, 2015, and the Advisory Committee
voted in favor of the Agency's proposal to include all oral drug
products containing chloramphenicol on the list.
b. Adenosine Phosphate (Comment 3). FDA received one comment asking
that FDA clarify whether the entry for adenosine phosphate that was
part of the original list finalized in 1999 is intended to include all
three forms of adenosine phosphate (mono-, di-, and triphosphate).
(Response) For the reasons that follow, FDA declines to modify the
entry for adenosine phosphate on the list in Sec. 216.24 at this time.
The preamble of the 1998 proposed rule to establish the original
list (see 63 FR 54082, October 8, 1998) stated that adenosine
phosphate, formerly marketed as a component of Adeno for injection,
Adco for injection, and other drug products, was determined to be
neither safe nor effective for its intended uses as a vasodilator and
an anti-inflammatory. FDA directed the removal of these drug products
from the market in 1973.
After reviewing the comment to the docket of the July 2014 proposed
rule regarding the adenosine phosphate entry, FDA began to assess
whether to modify the adenosine phosphate entry and, if so, how.
FDA prepared a review on adenosine phosphate (available as Tab 7 of
Ref. 1 of the briefing document for the February 2015 Advisory
Committee meeting) and consulted with the Advisory Committee on
February 23, 2015 on the comment, as discussed in section II.B.
Ultimately, FDA determined that it is unnecessary to modify the
entry for adenosine phosphate on the list in Sec. 216.24 at this time.
None of the substances raised in the comment (adenosine 5'-
monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-
triphosphate (ATP)) satisfy the requirements for a bulk drug substance
that may be used in compounding under either section 503A or section
503B.\1\ Consequently, at this time, a drug product compounded with
AMP, ADP, or ATP would be ineligible for the exemptions provided under
either section 503A or section 503B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ These substances are not the subject of an applicable United
States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary monograph, a component of
an FDA-approved drug, on a list of bulk drug substances established
by FDA that may be used in compounding, or on a drug shortage list
in effect under section 506E of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 356e). See
section 503A(b)(A)(i) and section 503B(a)(2)(A) of the FD&C Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Propoxyphene. No comments were submitted regarding propoxyphene.
Since the time the proposed rule was published, however, FDA announced
in the Federal Register of September 12, 2014 (79 FR 54729) that it was
withdrawing approval of three propoxyphene products. The holders of the
applications for the three products had been given notice of
opportunity for a hearing in the Federal Register of March 10, 2014 (79
FR 13308) (the March 10, 2014, notice), and no timely request for a
hearing on the matter was received. In addition, FDA announced in the
Federal Register of April 15, 2016 (81 FR 22283), that it was
correcting a notice that appeared in the Federal Register of March 10,
2014 (79 FR 13308). The March 10, 2014, notice announced the withdrawal
of approval of 54 propoxyphene products with agreement from holders of
the affected applications. The April 15, 2016, notice added one
additional propoxyphene product, NDA 017507, held by Xanodyne
Pharmaceuticals, to the table of products for which approval was
withdrawn with agreement from the holders of the affected applications.
B. Comments on Other Issues
1. Ripeness of Proposed Rule
(Comment 4) FDA received two comments suggesting that the issuance
of the July 2014 proposed rule was premature. The comments expressed
concern that FDA had proposed adding drug products to the previously
existing list of drug products withdrawn from the market for safety and
efficacy reasons without first obtaining input from the Advisory
Committee. One of the comments further suggested that the proposed rule
be withdrawn until such time as the drug products, proposed to be
added, could be reviewed by the Advisory Committee.
(Response) FDA notes that the July 2014 Federal Register notice was
a notice of proposed rulemaking, not a final rule. Section 503A(c)(1)
of the FD&C Act states that before issuing regulations to implement
section 503A(b)(1)(C) pertaining to the withdrawn or removed rule
(among other sections), the Secretary shall convene and consult an
advisory committee on compounding unless the Secretary determines that
the issuance of such regulations before consultation is necessary to
protect the public health. The changes in a proposed rule are not
effective or implemented unless and until a proposed rule is finalized.
Because the Agency convened and
[[Page 69673]]
consulted the Advisory Committee on February 23, 2015, regarding each
of the amendments to the list we are finalizing in the present rule,
the Agency has satisfied the statutory requirements of section
503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act.
2. Single List
(Comment 5) One comment suggested that the Agency should finalize
its proposal to publish one list for both section 503A and section 503B
of the FD&C Act.
(Response) FDA agrees with this comment.
C. Comments on Updating the List
FDA received comments from five different submitters on the
procedure for updating the list.
(Comment 6) FDA received two comments regarding a specific
alternative approach to the current process of issuing first a proposed
rule followed by a final rule before adopting any additions or
modifications to the list. One comment recommended use of an interim
final rule or final rule with comment to allow for the flexibility to
review public input, yet incorporate the latest safety information into
the practice of compounding. Another comment recommended that in
instances where public health may be of significant concern, the Agency
convene an emergency meeting of the Advisory Committee within 5
business days to obtain specific input and recommendations to the
Secretary for immediate inclusion of a drug product on the list.
(Response) As noted previously in section II.C.3, there are
numerous steps that must be completed before holding an FDA advisory
committee meeting, which make it difficult to schedule a meeting on
short notice. In the likely to be rare instances where FDA determines
that it is necessary to revise the list in Sec. 216.24 prior to
consultation with the Advisory Committee to protect the public health,
FDA will add the drug to the list prior to consultation with the
Advisory Committee under section 503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act.
With respect to issuing interim final rules or final rules with
comment, the Agency's current thinking is that the process described in
section II.C.3 will allow the Agency to provide timely public notice of
emerging safety information and appropriate opportunity for interested
persons to comment before FDA revises the withdrawn or removed list.
(Comment 7) FDA received a comment suggesting that upon receipt of
a notice to withdraw a product from the market for safety and efficacy
reasons by the NDA or ANDA holder, FDA inform the Advisory Committee
and include a review of that request on the Committee's next scheduled
meeting agenda.
(Response) FDA does not agree that it should inform the Advisory
Committee when it is advised by an NDA or ANDA holder that the NDA or
ANDA holder has removed a drug from the market for safety or efficacy
reasons, or that such a drug should necessarily be included on the
Advisory Committee's next scheduled meeting agenda. FDA considers but
does not rely solely on an NDA or ANDA holder's assertions or
representations to determine whether a drug has been withdrawn or
removed from the market because it has been found to be unsafe or not
effective. Rather, the Agency considers a range of information before
the Agency, such as information provided by the NDA or ANDA holder,
information contained in the Agency's files, and the Agency's
independent evaluation of relevant literature and data on possible
postmarketing adverse events. When the Agency decides to propose a
change, it will proceed as described previously in section II.C. The
timing of any consultation with the Advisory Committee will also depend
on, among other things, the timing of the Advisory Committee meetings
and the relative priority of matters that may be brought before the
Advisory Committee.
(Comment 8) Another comment recommended soliciting public input
specifically on how to incorporate the ``do not compound'' list when
publishing intent to withdraw a drug.
(Response) FDA does not believe it is necessary or that it would be
efficient to separately solicit public input every time the Agency
publishes a notice in the Federal Register of its intent to withdraw
approval of a drug.
When the Agency publishes a notice in the Federal Register of its
intent to withdraw approval of a drug, it does so to give a particular
party or parties notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the
proposed withdrawal. This process may or may not result in a withdrawal
of approval of the application, and even if the application is
withdrawn the reasons may not relate to the safety or efficacy of the
drug. Whether or how a drug should be included on the withdrawn or
removed list under sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act is a separate
question. In general, as discussed previously in this document in
section II.C.3, interested members of the public will have the
opportunity to review and comment on any proposals to add a drug to or
revise an entry for a drug already on the withdrawn or removed list.
(Comment 9) FDA received several comments opposing any approach to
updating the withdrawn or removed list that would eliminate public
review from the process. One comment stated that FDA already has the
ability to remove from the market any drug that is dangerous and
claimed that this does not justify completely eliminating public
involvement in the process of making additions to the withdrawn or
removed list. Another suggested that additions and changes to the
withdrawn or removed list be made through notice and comment
rulemaking, observing that such a notice and comment period will allow
stakeholders to review FDA's safety and efficacy concerns for a
particular drug product prior to addition to the withdrawn or removed
list. One comment recommended incorporating public discussion about how
to address a drug on the list when convening a drug advisory committee.
One suggested all additions to the list go through an advisory
committee that is open to public comment. One suggested that no
revisions to the list occur without the input and review of the
Advisory Committee.
(Response) We appreciate these comments, and as explained in
section II.C.3., at this time we have decided not to adopt or propose
an alternative process to notice and comment rulemaking for revising
the withdrawn or removed list. Additionally, FDA intends to consult the
Advisory Committee prior to placing a drug on the withdrawn or removed
list unless we determine that the issuance of such regulations before
consultation is necessary to protect the public health. These
procedures provide ample opportunity for public input regarding
additions or modifications to the list, including: (1) An opportunity
to present relevant information at an open public hearing held when the
Advisory Committee meets to consider proposed revisions to the list and
(2) an opportunity to submit comments on each proposed rule before it
is finalized.
(Comment 10) One comment recommended that all drug products
currently on the list be reviewed by the Advisory Committee on an
annual basis to determine whether any change in therapy or use of those
drugs necessitates either removal or the clarification of certain
salts, dosage forms, or other clinical application to assure
accessibility of medications for patients.
(Response) FDA has considered this comment and does not believe it
is necessary to require an annual review
[[Page 69674]]
by the Advisory Committee of all drug products on the list. Such a
review is not necessary, practical, or feasible. Once a drug has been
added to the list, FDA does not expect that there will frequently be a
need to revise the entry for that drug. FDA intends to monitor future
approvals, withdrawals, or removals of listed drugs, to consult other
relevant information that may suggest a need for revisions to the list,
and to propose modifications as appropriate. In addition, members of
the public can submit a citizen petition at any time under Sec. 10.30
requesting that FDA modify or remove an entry on the list (with
adequate data to support their request), and FDA will consider and
respond to the petition.
(Comment 11) One comment recommended that FDA issue an annual
request in the Federal Register for submissions by the public of drug
products to be reviewed and considered for inclusion on the list,
inform the Advisory Committee of any submitted drug products, and
include a review of those submissions on the Advisory Committee's next
scheduled meeting agenda.
(Response) FDA disagrees with the suggestion to issue an annual
request in the Federal Register for submissions by the public of drug
products to be reviewed and considered for inclusion on the list. We
welcome suggestions by the public of drug products to consider and
review for inclusion on the list, or of a modification to an entry in
the list, at any time through the citizen petition process (see
response to comment 10). We do not wish to restrict the submissions of
such suggestions to just once a year. FDA does intend to consult with
Advisory Committee as described in section II.C.3.
D. Miscellaneous Comments
(Comment 12) One comment stated that nowhere within the proposed
rule is there a formal process for reviewing, updating, and informing
the compounding community of changes or updates to the list of drugs
withdrawn or removed from the market for safety and efficacy reasons.
The comment contends this is of grave concern to the pharmacy community
and one which must be addressed.
(Response) FDA agrees that the compounding community should be
informed of and have an opportunity to review and comment on proposed
revisions to the list of drugs at Sec. 216.24, that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market because they have been found to be
unsafe or not effective. The process outlined in section II.C.3
provides notice and an opportunity to comment to the compounding
community and to the general public. Further, as noted elsewhere,
members of the compounding community and other members of the public
can submit a citizen petition at any time under Sec. 10.30, requesting
that FDA modify or remove an entry on the list (with adequate data to
support their request), and FDA will consider and respond to the
petition.
(Comment 13) One comment suggested that the Secretary establish
minimum criteria that must be met before any drug product may be added
to the withdrawn or removed list.
(Response) FDA disagrees with this comment. The criteria that must
be met to place a drug on the withdrawn or removed list are laid out in
the statute. Under sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act, drug
products on the withdrawn or removed list are those that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market because such drug products or
components of such drug products have been found to be unsafe or not
effective. At this time, FDA does not believe it would be helpful to
issue guidance or regulations to further define or interpret this
standard. Instead, FDA intends to discuss in any rulemaking the basis
for the Agency's proposal to add a drug product to the list or to
modify an entry on the list.
(Comment 14) One comment observed that under both sections 503A and
503B of the FD&C Act, drugs may be added to the list if they have been
found to be not effective. The comment went on to note that without the
crucial check in the rulemaking process afforded by public review, FDA
would be able to ban from compounding any drug on the pretext of it
being ``not effective.''
(Response) As described in section II.C.3, FDA intends to revise
the list by using notice-and-comment rulemaking and, generally, to
consult the Advisory Committee. Interested members of the public will
have the opportunity to submit their views through this process. In
addition, in the preamble to the July 2014 proposed rule, FDA observed
that as with the original list, the primary focus of the July 2014
proposed rule was on drug products that have been withdrawn or removed
from the market because they have been found to be unsafe. FDA further
stated that FDA may propose at a later date to add to the list other
drug products that have been withdrawn or removed from the market
because they have been found to be not effective, or to update the list
as information becomes available to the Agency regarding products that
have been removed from the market because they have been found to be
unsafe.
(Comment 15) One comment suggested that when updating the list, a
process be considered by which FDA will consider exemptions (for
example, when a drug or drug component may be compounded for a specific
formulation, strength, or route of administration).
(Response) FDA agrees that sometimes it may be appropriate to
except a specific formulation (including strength), dosage form, or
route of administration of a drug on the list. Indeed, as discussed
further in FDA's response to the following comment, FDA has already
engaged in this practice when it deems such exceptions appropriate.
Going forward, when FDA is considering an addition or modification to
the list, FDA will continue to consider the appropriateness of such
exceptions on a case-by-case basis.
(Comment 16) One comment advised that ingredients should be banned
completely and absolutely with great caution.
(Response) With respect to whether drugs on the withdrawn or
removed list may be used in compounding, as FDA indicated in the
preamble to the July 2014 proposed rule, most drugs on the list may not
be compounded in any form. There are, however, two categories of
exceptions. In the first category, a particular formulation,
indication, dosage form, or route of administration of a drug is
explicitly excluded from an entry on the list because an approved drug
containing the same active ingredient(s) has not been withdrawn or
removed from the market because it has been found to be unsafe or not
effective. For such drugs, the formulation, indication, dosage form, or
route of administration expressly excluded from the list may be
eligible for the exemptions provided in sections 503A and 503B of the
FD&C Act. In the second category, some drugs are listed only with
regard to certain formulations, concentrations, indications, routes of
administration, or dosage forms because they have been found to be
unsafe or not effective in those particular formulations,
concentrations, indications, routes of administration, or dosage forms.
In addition, FDA notes that just because a drug is on the withdrawn
or removed list does not mean it is banned completely and absolutely
from compounding. In certain circumstances, if warranted, drugs that
have been withdrawn or removed from the market could be made available
for use under FDA regulations on expanded access at 21 CFR part 312,
subpart I. If conditions in the regulations are met, expanded access
programs allow the use of a drug
[[Page 69675]]
in a clinical setting to treat patients with a serious or immediately
life-threatening disease or a condition that has no comparable or
satisfactory alternative therapies to diagnose, monitor, or treat the
patient's disease or condition (see Guidance for Industry, Expanded
Access to Investigational Drugs for Treatment Use--Questions and
Answers (June 2016), available at: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM351261.pdf).
FDA will apply the statutory standard for placing drugs on the
withdrawn or removed list, and intends to follow the process described
in section II.C.3 to consult with the Advisory Committee and provide
the public with notice and opportunity for comment.
IV. Legal Authority
Sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act provide the principal legal
authority for this final rule. As described in section I of this
document, section 503A of the FD&C Act describes the conditions that
must be satisfied for human drug products compounded by a licensed
pharmacist or licensed physician to be exempt from three sections of
the FD&C Act (sections 501(a)(2)(B), 502(f)(1), and 505). One of the
conditions that must be satisfied to qualify for the exemptions under
section 503A of the FD&C Act is that the licensed pharmacist or
licensed physician does not compound a drug product that appears on a
list published by the Secretary in the Federal Register of drug
products that have been withdrawn or removed from the market because
such drug products or components of such drug products have been found
to be unsafe or not effective (see section 503A(b)(1)(C) of the FD&C
Act). Section 503A(c)(1) of the FD&C Act also states that the Secretary
shall issue regulations to implement section 503A, and that before
issuing regulations to implement section 503A(b)(1)(C) pertaining to
the withdrawn or removed rule, among other sections, the Secretary
shall convene and consult an advisory committee on compounding unless
the Secretary determines that the issuance of such regulations before
consultation is necessary to protect the public health.
Section 503B of the FD&C Act describes the conditions that must be
satisfied for a drug compounded for human use by or under the direct
supervision of a licensed pharmacist in an outsourcing facility to be
exempt from three sections of the FD&C Act (sections 502(f)(1), 505,
and 582). One of the conditions in section 503B of the FD&C Act that
must be satisfied to qualify for the exemptions is that the drug does
not appear on a list published by the Secretary of drugs that have been
withdrawn or removed from the market because such drugs or components
of such drugs have been found to be unsafe or not effective (see
section 503B(a)(4)). To be eligible for the exemptions in section 503B,
a drug must be compounded in an outsourcing facility in which the
compounding of drugs occurs only in accordance with section 503B,
including as provided in section 503B(a)(4).
Therefore, sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act and our general
rulemaking authority in section 701(a) of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C.
371(a)) together serve as our principal legal authority for this final
rule revising FDA's regulations on drug products withdrawn or removed
from the market because the drug product or a component of the drug
product have been found to be unsafe or not effective in Sec. 216.24.
V. Analysis of Environmental Impact
FDA has determined under 21 CFR 25.30(h) that this action is of a
type that does not individually or cumulatively have a significant
effect on the human environment. Therefore, neither an environmental
assessment nor an environmental impact statement is required.
VI. Economic Analysis of Impacts
FDA has examined the impacts of the rule under Executive Order
12866, Executive Order 13563, the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
601-612) and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4).
Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct Agencies to assess all costs
and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, when regulation
is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net
benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health
and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity).
The Agency believes that this rule is not a significant regulatory
action as defined by Executive Order 12866.
The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires Agencies to analyze
regulatory options that would minimize any significant impact of a rule
on small entities. Because small businesses are not expected to incur
any compliance costs or loss of sales due to this regulation, we
certify that this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
Section 202(a) of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires
that Agencies prepare a written statement, which includes an assessment
of anticipated costs and benefits, before issuing ``any rule that
includes any Federal mandate that may result in the expenditure by
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector, of $100,000,000 or more (adjusted annually for
inflation) in any one year.'' The current threshold after adjustment
for inflation is $146 million, using the most current (2015) Implicit
Price Deflator for the Gross Domestic Product. We do not expect this
rule to result in any 1-year expenditure that would meet or exceed this
amount.
This rule amends Sec. 216.24 concerning human drug compounding.
Specifically, the rule adds to and modifies the list of drug products
that may not be compounded under the exemptions provided by sections
503A and 503B of the FD&C Act because the drug products have been
withdrawn or removed from the market because such drug products or
components of such drug products have been found to be unsafe or not
effective (see section II). The rule adds 24 entries to the list and
modifies the description of one drug entry on the list. The Agency is
not aware of any routine compounding of these drug products and,
therefore, does not estimate any compliance costs or loss of sales as a
result of the prohibition against compounding these drugs for human
use.
Unless an Agency certifies that a rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, the
Regulatory Flexibility Act requires Agencies to analyze regulatory
options to minimize any significant economic impact of a regulation on
small entities. Most pharmacies meet the Small Business Administration
definition of a small entity, which is defined as having annual sales
less than $25.5 million for this industry. The Agency is not aware of
any routine compounding of these drug products and does not estimate
any compliance costs or loss of sales to small businesses as a result
of the prohibition against compounding these drugs. Therefore, the
Agency certifies that this rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
The submission of comments on this rule were submissions in
response to a Federal Register notice, in the form of comments, which
are excluded from the definition of ``information'' under 5 CFR
[[Page 69676]]
1320.3(h)(4) of Office of Management and Budget regulations on the
Paperwork Reduction Act (i.e., facts or opinions submitted in response
to general solicitations of comments from the public, published in the
Federal Register or other publications, regardless of the form or
format thereof, provided that no person is required to supply specific
information pertaining to the commenter, other than that necessary for
self-identification, as a condition of the Agency's full consideration
of the comment). The rule contains no other collection of information.
VIII. Federalism
FDA has analyzed this final rule in accordance with the principles
set forth in Executive Order 13132. FDA has determined that this final
rule does not contain policies that have substantial direct effects on
the States, on the relationship between the National Government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. Accordingly, the Agency concludes that
the rule does not contain policies that have federalism implications as
defined in the Executive order and, consequently, a federalism summary
impact statement is not required.
IX. References
In addition to the references placed on display in the Division of
Dockets Management for the proposed rule under Docket No. FDA-1999-N-
0194 (formerly 99N-4490), the following reference is on display in the
Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration,
5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852 under Docket No. FDA-
1999-N-0194 (formerly 99N-4490) and is available for viewing by
interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday; it
is also available electronically at https://www.regulations.gov. (FDA
has verified the Web site address in this reference section as of the
date this document publishes in the Federal Register, but Web sites are
subject to change over time.)
1. Briefing Information for the February 23-24, 2015, Meeting of the
Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (available at https://www.fda.gov/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/PharmacyCompoundingAdvisoryCommittee/ucm433803.htm).
For the convenience of the reader, the regulatory text of Sec.
216.24 provided with this final rule includes the drug products
described in this final rule and the drug products codified by the 1999
final rule.
List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 216
Drugs, Prescription drugs.
Therefore, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under
authority delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part
216 is amended as follows:
PART 216--HUMAN DRUG COMPOUNDING
0
1. The authority citation for part 216 is revised to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 351, 352, 353a, 353b, 355, and 371.
0
2. The heading for part 216 is revised to read as set forth above.
0
3. Section 216.24 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 216.24 Drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for
reasons of safety or effectiveness.
The following drug products were withdrawn or removed from the
market because such drug products or components of such drug products
have been found to be unsafe or not effective. The following drug
products may not be compounded under the exemptions provided by section
503A(a) or section 503B(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act:
Adenosine phosphate: All drug products containing adenosine
phosphate.
Adrenal cortex: All drug products containing adrenal cortex.
Alatrofloxacin mesylate: All drug products containing
alatrofloxacin mesylate.
Aminopyrine: All drug products containing aminopyrine.
Astemizole: All drug products containing astemizole.
Azaribine: All drug products containing azaribine.
Benoxaprofen: All drug products containing benoxaprofen.
Bithionol: All drug products containing bithionol.
Bromfenac sodium: All drug products containing bromfenac sodium
(except ophthalmic solutions).
Butamben: All parenteral drug products containing butamben.
Camphorated oil: All drug products containing camphorated oil.
Carbetapentane citrate: All oral gel drug products containing
carbetapentane citrate.
Casein, iodinated: All drug products containing iodinated casein.
Cerivastatin sodium: All drug products containing cerivastatin
sodium.
Chloramphenicol: All oral drug products containing chloramphenicol.
Chlorhexidine gluconate: All tinctures of chlorhexidine gluconate
formulated for use as a patient preoperative skin preparation.
Chlormadinone acetate: All drug products containing chlormadinone
acetate.
Chloroform: All drug products containing chloroform.
Cisapride: All drug products containing cisapride.
Cobalt: All drug products containing cobalt salts (except
radioactive forms of cobalt and its salts and cobalamin and its
derivatives).
Dexfenfluramine hydrochloride: All drug products containing
dexfenfluramine hydrochloride.
Diamthazole dihydrochloride: All drug products containing
diamthazole dihydrochloride.
Dibromsalan: All drug products containing dibromsalan.
Diethylstilbestrol: All oral and parenteral drug products
containing 25 milligrams or more of diethylstilbestrol per unit dose.
Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate: All drug products containing
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate.
Dipyrone: All drug products containing dipyrone.
Encainide hydrochloride: All drug products containing encainide
hydrochloride.
Esmolol hydrochloride: All parenteral dosage form drug products
containing esmolol hydrochloride that supply 250 milligrams/milliliter
of concentrated esmolol per 10-milliliter ampule.
Etretinate: All drug products containing etretinate.
Fenfluramine hydrochloride: All drug products containing
fenfluramine hydrochloride.
Flosequinan: All drug products containing flosequinan.
Gatifloxacin: All drug products containing gatifloxacin (except
ophthalmic solutions).
Gelatin: All intravenous drug products containing gelatin.
Glycerol, iodinated: All drug products containing iodinated
glycerol.
Gonadotropin, chorionic: All drug products containing chorionic
gonadotropins of animal origin.
Grepafloxacin: All drug products containing grepafloxacin.
Mepazine: All drug products containing mepazine hydrochloride or
mepazine acetate.
Metabromsalan: All drug products containing metabromsalan.
Methamphetamine hydrochloride: All parenteral drug products
containing methamphetamine hydrochloride.
[[Page 69677]]
Methapyrilene: All drug products containing methapyrilene.
Methopholine: All drug products containing methopholine.
Methoxyflurane: All drug products containing methoxyflurane.
Mibefradil dihydrochloride: All drug products containing mibefradil
dihydrochloride.
Nitrofurazone: All drug products containing nitrofurazone (except
topical drug products formulated for dermatologic application).
Nomifensine maleate: All drug products containing nomifensine
maleate.
Novobiocin sodium: All drug products containing novobiocin sodium.
Oxyphenisatin: All drug products containing oxyphenisatin.
Oxyphenisatin acetate: All drug products containing oxyphenisatin
acetate.
Pemoline: All drug products containing pemoline.
Pergolide mesylate: All drug products containing pergolide
mesylate.
Phenacetin: All drug products containing phenacetin.
Phenformin hydrochloride: All drug products containing phenformin
hydrochloride.
Phenylpropanolamine: All drug products containing
phenylpropanolamine.
Pipamazine: All drug products containing pipamazine.
Polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate,
potassium chloride, and bisacodyl: All drug products containing
polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and
potassium chloride for oral solution, and 10 milligrams or more of
bisacodyl delayed-release tablets.
Potassium arsenite: All drug products containing potassium
arsenite.
Potassium chloride: All solid oral dosage form drug products
containing potassium chloride that supply 100 milligrams or more of
potassium per dosage unit (except for controlled-release dosage forms
and those products formulated for preparation of solution prior to
ingestion).
Povidone: All intravenous drug products containing povidone.
Propoxyphene: All drug products containing propoxyphene.
Rapacuronium bromide: All drug products containing rapacuronium
bromide.
Reserpine: All oral dosage form drug products containing more than
1 milligram of reserpine.
Rofecoxib: All drug products containing rofecoxib.
Sibutramine hydrochloride: All drug products containing sibutramine
hydrochloride.
Sparteine sulfate: All drug products containing sparteine sulfate.
Sulfadimethoxine: All drug products containing sulfadimethoxine.
Sulfathiazole: All drug products containing sulfathiazole (except
for those formulated for vaginal use).
Suprofen: All drug products containing suprofen (except ophthalmic
solutions).
Sweet spirits of nitre: All drug products containing sweet spirits
of nitre.
Tegaserod maleate: All drug products containing tegaserod maleate.
Temafloxacin hydrochloride: All drug products containing
temafloxacin hydrochloride.
Terfenadine: All drug products containing terfenadine.
3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide: All drug products containing
3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide.
Tetracycline: All liquid oral drug products formulated for
pediatric use containing tetracycline in a concentration greater than
25 milligrams/milliliter.
Ticrynafen: All drug products containing ticrynafen.
Tribromsalan: All drug products containing tribromsalan.
Trichloroethane: All aerosol drug products intended for inhalation
containing trichloroethane.
Troglitazone: All drug products containing troglitazone.
Trovafloxacin mesylate: All drug products containing trovafloxacin
mesylate.
Urethane: All drug products containing urethane.
Valdecoxib: All drug products containing valdecoxib.
Vinyl chloride: All aerosol drug products containing vinyl
chloride.
Zirconium: All aerosol drug products containing zirconium.
Zomepirac sodium: All drug products containing zomepirac sodium.
Dated: October 3, 2016.
Leslie Kux,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016-24333 Filed 10-6-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4164-01-P