Special Conditions: Embraer S.A., Model ERJ 190-300 Series Airplanes; Electronic Flight Control System: Control Surface Position Awareness, Multiple Modes of Operation, 67097-67098 [2016-23665]
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 190 / Friday, September 30, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
the occupants 10 seconds after its
deployment.
i. To comply with HIRF and lightning
requirements, the inflatable restraint
system is considered a critical system
since its deployment could have a
hazardous affect on the airplane.
j. It must be shown that the inflatable
restraints will not release hazardous
quantities of gas or particulate matter
into the cabin.
k. The inflatable restraint system
installation must be protected from the
effects of fire such that no hazard to
occupants will result.
l. There must be a means to verify the
integrity of the inflatable restraint
activation system before each flight or it
must be demonstrated to reliably
operate between inspection intervals.
m. A life limit must be established for
appropriate system components.
n. Qualification testing of the internal
firing mechanism must be performed at
vibration levels appropriate for a general
aviation airplane.
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on
September 22, 2016.
Pat Mullen,
Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2016–23564 Filed 9–29–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. FAA–2016–9225; Special
Conditions No. 25–639–SC]
Special Conditions: Embraer S.A.,
Model ERJ 190–300 Series Airplanes;
Electronic Flight Control System:
Control Surface Position Awareness,
Multiple Modes of Operation
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request
for comments.
AGENCY:
These special conditions are
issued for the Embraer S.A. Model ERJ
190–300 series airplanes. These
airplanes will have a novel or unusual
design feature when compared to the
state of technology envisioned in the
airworthiness standards for transport
category airplanes. This design feature
is a fly-by-wire electronic flight control
system (EFCS) and no direct coupling
from the flight deck controller to the
control surface. As a result, the pilot is
not aware of the actual control surface
position. The applicable airworthiness
regulations do not contain adequate or
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
SUMMARY:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:28 Sep 29, 2016
Jkt 238001
appropriate safety standards for this
design feature. These special conditions
contain the additional safety standards
that the Administrator considers
necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established by the
existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: This action is effective on
Embraer S.A. on September 30, 2016.
We must receive your comments by
November 14, 2016.
ADDRESSES: Send comments identified
by docket number FAA–2016–9225
using any of the following methods:
• Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov/and follow
the online instructions for sending your
comments electronically.
• Mail: Send comments to Docket
Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West
Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC
20590–0001.
• Hand Delivery or Courier: Take
comments to Docket Operations in
Room W12–140 of the West Building
Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays.
• Fax: Fax comments to Docket
Operations at 202–493–2251.
Privacy: The FAA will post all
comments it receives, without change,
to https://www.regulations.gov/,
including any personal information the
commenter provides. Using the search
function of the docket Web site, anyone
can find and read the electronic form of
all comments received into any FAA
docket, including the name of the
individual sending the comment (or
signing the comment for an association,
business, labor union, etc.). DOT’s
complete Privacy Act Statement can be
found in the Federal Register published
on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477–19478),
as well as at https://DocketsInfo
.dot.gov/.
Docket: Background documents or
comments received may be read at
https://www.regulations.gov/ at any time.
Follow the online instructions for
accessing the docket or go to Docket
Operations in Room W12–140 of the
West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe
Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flightcrew
Interface Branch, ANM–111, Transport
Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue
SW., Renton, Washington 98057–3356;
telephone 425–227–2011; facsimile
425–227–1149.
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
67097
The
substance of these special conditions
has been subject to the public comment
process in several prior instances with
no substantive comments received. The
FAA therefore finds that good cause
exists for making these special
conditions effective upon publication in
the Federal Register.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Comments Invited
We invite interested people to take
part in this rulemaking by sending
written comments, data, or views. The
most helpful comments reference a
specific portion of the special
conditions, explain the reason for any
recommended change, and include
supporting data.
We will consider all comments we
receive by the closing date for
comments. We may change these special
conditions based on the comments we
receive.
Background
On September 13, 2013, Embraer S.A.
applied for an amendment to Type
Certificate (TC) No. A57NM to include
the new Model ERJ 190–300 series
airplanes. The ERJ 190–300, which is a
derivative of the ERJ 190–100 STD
currently approved under TC No.
A57NM, is a 97–114 passenger transport
category airplane with two Pratt &
Whitney Model PW1900G engines, a
new wing design with a high aspect
ratio and raked wingtip, and digital flyby-wire EFCS with closed loop control
for all surfaces and with full envelope
protection.
The EFCS technology has outpaced
the current airworthiness standards;
therefore, the FAA required special
conditions to ensure appropriate mode
recognition by the flightcrew for events
that significantly change the operating
mode of the EFCS.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of Title 14, Code
of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.101,
Embraer S.A. must show that the ERJ
190–300 meets the applicable
provisions of the regulations listed in
Type Certificate No. A57NM or the
applicable regulations in effect on the
date of application for the change,
except for earlier amendments as agreed
upon by the FAA. Embraer S.A. must
show that the ERJ 190–300 meets the
applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25,
as amended by Amendments 25–1
through 25–137.
If the Administrator finds that the
applicable airworthiness regulations
(i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain
adequate or appropriate safety standards
for the ERJ 190–300 because of a novel
E:\FR\FM\30SER1.SGM
30SER1
67098
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 190 / Friday, September 30, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
or unusual design feature, special
conditions are prescribed under the
provisions of § 21.16.
Special conditions are initially
applicable to the model for which they
are issued. Should the type certificate
for that model be amended later to
include any other model that
incorporates the same novel or unusual
design features, or should any other
model already included on the same
type certificate be modified to
incorporate the same novel or unusual
design feature, these special conditions
would also apply to the other model
under § 21.101.
In addition to the applicable
airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the ERJ 190–300 must
comply with the fuel vent and exhaust
emission requirements of 14 CFR part
34 and the noise-certification
requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as
defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance
with § 11.38, and they become part of
the type certification basis under
§ 21.101.
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The ERJ 190–300 will incorporate the
following novel or unusual design
features: A fly-by-wire EFCS and no
direct coupling from the flight deck
controller to the control surface.
Discussion
As a result of the EFCS and lack of
direct coupling from the flight deck
controller to the control surface, the
pilot is not aware of the actual control
surface position. Some unusual flight
conditions, arising from atmospheric
conditions and/or airplane or engine
failures, may result in full or nearly full
surface deflection. Unless the flightcrew
is made aware of excessive deflection or
impending control surface limiting,
piloted or auto-flight system control of
the airplane might be inadvertently
continued in such a manner to cause
loss of control or other unsafe stability
or performance characteristics. The
airworthiness standards do not contain
adequate or appropriate safety standards
for the conditions that result from the
EFCS and lack of direct coupling from
the flight deck controller to the control
surface.
To establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established in the
regulations, these special conditions are
established. These special conditions
require that the flightcrew receive a
suitable flight control position
annunciation when a flight condition
exists in which nearly full surface
authority (not crew-commanded) is
being used. Suitability of such a display
VerDate Sep<11>2014
18:28 Sep 29, 2016
Jkt 238001
must take into account that some pilotdemanded maneuvers (e.g., rapid roll)
are necessarily associated with intended
full performance, which may saturate
the surface. Therefore, simple alerting
systems function in both intended and
unexpected control-limiting situations.
As a result, they must be properly
balanced between providing necessary
crew awareness and being a potential
nuisance to the flightcrew. A monitoring
system that compares airplane motion
and surface deflection with pilot inputs
could help reduce nuisance alerting.
These special conditions also address
flight control system mode
annunciation. Suitable mode
annunciation must be provided to the
flightcrew for events that significantly
change the operating mode of the
system but do not merit the classic
‘‘failure warning.’’
These special conditions contain the
additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to
establish a level of safety equivalent to
that established by the existing
airworthiness standards.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special
conditions are applicable to the ERJ
190–300 series airplanes. Should
Embraer S.A. apply at a later date for a
change to the type certificate to include
another model incorporating the same
novel or unusual design feature, these
special conditions would apply to that
model as well.
This action affects only certain novel
or unusual design features on one model
of airplanes. It is not a rule of general
applicability.
The substance of these special
conditions has been subjected to the
notice and comment period in several
prior instances and has been derived
without substantive change from those
previously issued. It is unlikely that
prior public comment would result in a
significant change from the substance
contained herein. Therefore, because a
delay would significantly affect the
certification of the airplane, the FAA
has determined that prior public notice
and comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for
adopting these special conditions upon
publication in the Federal Register. The
FAA is requesting comments to allow
interested persons to submit views that
may not have been submitted in
response to the prior opportunities for
comment described above.
Frm 00008
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements.
■ The authority citation for these
special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the
authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special
conditions are issued as part of the type
certification basis for the Embraer S.A.
Model ERJ 190–300 series airplanes.
1. In addition to the requirements of
14 CFR 25.143, 25.671, and 25.672, the
following requirements apply:
a. The system design must ensure that
the flightcrew is made suitably aware
whenever the primary control means
nears the limit of control authority.
Note: The term ‘‘suitably aware’’ indicates
annunciations provided to the flightcrew are
appropriately balanced between nuisance
and that necessary for crew awareness.
b. If the design of the flight control
system has multiple modes of operation,
a means must be provided to indicate to
the flightcrew any mode that
significantly changes or degrades the
normal handling or operational
characteristics of the airplane.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on
September 23, 2016.
Michael Kaszycki,
Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2016–23665 Filed 9–29–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
Conclusion
PO 00000
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Fmt 4700
Sfmt 4700
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 39
[Docket No. FAA–2016–5307; Directorate
Identifier 2016–NE–08–AD; Amendment 39–
18658; AD 2016–19–09]
RIN 2120–AA64
Airworthiness Directives; General
Electric Company Turbofan Engines
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
We are adopting a new
airworthiness directive (AD) for all
General Electric Company (GE) GE90–
76B, GE90–77B, GE90–85B, GE90–90B,
and GE90–94B turbofan engines with
high-pressure compressor (HPC) stage
8–10 spool, part numbers (P/Ns)
1694M80G04, 1844M90G01, or
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\30SER1.SGM
30SER1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 190 (Friday, September 30, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 67097-67098]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-23665]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. FAA-2016-9225; Special Conditions No. 25-639-SC]
Special Conditions: Embraer S.A., Model ERJ 190-300 Series
Airplanes; Electronic Flight Control System: Control Surface Position
Awareness, Multiple Modes of Operation
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Embraer S.A. Model
ERJ 190-300 series airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or
unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology
envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport category
airplanes. This design feature is a fly-by-wire electronic flight
control system (EFCS) and no direct coupling from the flight deck
controller to the control surface. As a result, the pilot is not aware
of the actual control surface position. The applicable airworthiness
regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for
this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional
safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to
establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the
existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: This action is effective on Embraer S.A. on September 30, 2016.
We must receive your comments by November 14, 2016.
ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2016-9225
using any of the following methods:
Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov/and follow the online instructions for sending your
comments electronically.
Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without
change, to https://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the
docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11,
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at https://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/.
Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at
https://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and
Flightcrew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate,
Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton,
Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1149.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The substance of these special conditions
has been subject to the public comment process in several prior
instances with no substantive comments received. The FAA therefore
finds that good cause exists for making these special conditions
effective upon publication in the Federal Register.
Comments Invited
We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments
we receive.
Background
On September 13, 2013, Embraer S.A. applied for an amendment to
Type Certificate (TC) No. A57NM to include the new Model ERJ 190-300
series airplanes. The ERJ 190-300, which is a derivative of the ERJ
190-100 STD currently approved under TC No. A57NM, is a 97-114
passenger transport category airplane with two Pratt & Whitney Model
PW1900G engines, a new wing design with a high aspect ratio and raked
wingtip, and digital fly-by-wire EFCS with closed loop control for all
surfaces and with full envelope protection.
The EFCS technology has outpaced the current airworthiness
standards; therefore, the FAA required special conditions to ensure
appropriate mode recognition by the flightcrew for events that
significantly change the operating mode of the EFCS.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14
CFR) 21.101, Embraer S.A. must show that the ERJ 190-300 meets the
applicable provisions of the regulations listed in Type Certificate No.
A57NM or the applicable regulations in effect on the date of
application for the change, except for earlier amendments as agreed
upon by the FAA. Embraer S.A. must show that the ERJ 190-300 meets the
applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25, as amended by Amendments 25-1
through 25-137.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the ERJ 190-300 because of a novel
[[Page 67098]]
or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the
provisions of Sec. 21.16.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or
unusual design features, or should any other model already included on
the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or
unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to
the other model under Sec. 21.101.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the ERJ 190-300 must comply with the fuel vent and exhaust
emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise-certification
requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in
accordance with Sec. 11.38, and they become part of the type
certification basis under Sec. 21.101.
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The ERJ 190-300 will incorporate the following novel or unusual
design features: A fly-by-wire EFCS and no direct coupling from the
flight deck controller to the control surface.
Discussion
As a result of the EFCS and lack of direct coupling from the flight
deck controller to the control surface, the pilot is not aware of the
actual control surface position. Some unusual flight conditions,
arising from atmospheric conditions and/or airplane or engine failures,
may result in full or nearly full surface deflection. Unless the
flightcrew is made aware of excessive deflection or impending control
surface limiting, piloted or auto-flight system control of the airplane
might be inadvertently continued in such a manner to cause loss of
control or other unsafe stability or performance characteristics. The
airworthiness standards do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
standards for the conditions that result from the EFCS and lack of
direct coupling from the flight deck controller to the control surface.
To establish a level of safety equivalent to that established in
the regulations, these special conditions are established. These
special conditions require that the flightcrew receive a suitable
flight control position annunciation when a flight condition exists in
which nearly full surface authority (not crew-commanded) is being used.
Suitability of such a display must take into account that some pilot-
demanded maneuvers (e.g., rapid roll) are necessarily associated with
intended full performance, which may saturate the surface. Therefore,
simple alerting systems function in both intended and unexpected
control-limiting situations. As a result, they must be properly
balanced between providing necessary crew awareness and being a
potential nuisance to the flightcrew. A monitoring system that compares
airplane motion and surface deflection with pilot inputs could help
reduce nuisance alerting.
These special conditions also address flight control system mode
annunciation. Suitable mode annunciation must be provided to the
flightcrew for events that significantly change the operating mode of
the system but do not merit the classic ``failure warning.''
These special conditions contain the additional safety standards
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness
standards.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
ERJ 190-300 series airplanes. Should Embraer S.A. apply at a later date
for a change to the type certificate to include another model
incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special
conditions would apply to that model as well.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on one model of airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability.
The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the
notice and comment period in several prior instances and has been
derived without substantive change from those previously issued. It is
unlikely that prior public comment would result in a significant change
from the substance contained herein. Therefore, because a delay would
significantly affect the certification of the airplane, the FAA has
determined that prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for adopting these special
conditions upon publication in the Federal Register. The FAA is
requesting comments to allow interested persons to submit views that
may not have been submitted in response to the prior opportunities for
comment described above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
0
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for the Embraer S.A. Model ERJ 190-300
series airplanes.
1. In addition to the requirements of 14 CFR 25.143, 25.671, and
25.672, the following requirements apply:
a. The system design must ensure that the flightcrew is made
suitably aware whenever the primary control means nears the limit of
control authority.
Note: The term ``suitably aware'' indicates annunciations
provided to the flightcrew are appropriately balanced between
nuisance and that necessary for crew awareness.
b. If the design of the flight control system has multiple modes of
operation, a means must be provided to indicate to the flightcrew any
mode that significantly changes or degrades the normal handling or
operational characteristics of the airplane.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on September 23, 2016.
Michael Kaszycki,
Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2016-23665 Filed 9-29-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P