Federal Acquisition Regulation; Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces, 58562-58651 [2016-19676]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
• General Services Administration
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 165 (Thursday, August 25, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 58562-58651]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-19676]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

48 CFR Parts 1, 4, 9, 17, 22, 42, and 52

[FAC 2005-90; FAR Case 2014-025; Docket No. 2014-0025, Sequence No. 1]
RIN 9000-AM81


Federal Acquisition Regulation; Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces

AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD), General Services Administration 
(GSA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: DoD, GSA, and NASA are issuing a final rule amending the 
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to implement Executive Order 
13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces, which is designed to increase 
efficiency and cost savings in Federal contracting by improving 
contractor compliance with labor laws. The Department of Labor is 
simultaneously issuing final Guidance to assist Federal agencies in

[[Page 58563]]

implementation of the Executive Order in conjunction with the FAR final 
rule.

DATES: Effective October 25, 2016.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Zenaida Delgado, Procurement 
Analyst, at 202-969-7207 for clarification of content. For information 
pertaining to status or publication schedules, contact the Regulatory 
Secretariat at 202-501-4755. Please cite FAC 2005-90, FAR Case 2014-
025.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 
    This rule comprises the following contents:

I. Table of Contents
II. Overview
    A. Background
    B. The Proposed FAR Rule
III. Discussion and Analysis of Public Comments
    A. Summary of Significant Issues
    1. Summary of Significant Changes to the Proposed Rule
    a. Phase-in
    b. Subcontracting
    c. Public Disclosure of Labor Law Decision Information
    d. Contract Remedies
    e. Regulatory Impact
    2. Summary of Changes by Provision
    3. Additional Issues
    a. Legal Entity
    b. Other Equivalent State Laws
    B. Analysis of Public Comments
    1. Challenges to Legality and Authority of the Executive Order 
and Implementing Regulatory Action
    a. Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
    b. Due Process and Procedural Considerations
    c. False Claims Act
    d. Other Issues
    2. Various Alternatives to the Proposed Rule
    a. Alternatives That Were Presented in the Proposed Rule
    i. Phase-in (of Disclosure Requirements)
     Phase-in of Subcontractor Review
     Phase-in of Subcontractor Disclosures by Subcontracting 
Tiers
     Phase-in for Small Businesses
     Phase-in for Other-Than-Small Businesses
     Length of Phase-in Period
    ii. Subcontractor Disclosures and Contractor Assessments
    iii. Contractor and Subcontractor Remedies
    b. Alternatives for Implementation of Disclosures That Were Not 
Presented in the Proposed Rule
    c. Recommendations for Use of Existing Data or Employing 
Existing Remedies
    d. Alternatives Suggested for the Threshold for Dollar Coverage 
for Prime Contracts
    e. Threshold for Subcontracts
    f. Applicability to Prime Contracts for Commercial Items
    g. Miscellaneous Public Comments Concerning Alternatives
    3. Requirements for Disclosures of Labor Law Decisions
    a. General Comments
    b. Semiannual Updates
    c. Burden of Disclosing Labor Law Decisions
    d. Risk of Improper Exclusion
    e. Request for Clarification on Scope of the Reporting Entity
    4. Labor Law Decision Disclosures as Relates to Prime 
Contractors
    a. General Comments
    b. Public Display of Disclosed Information
    c. Violation Documents
    d. Use of DOL Database
    e. Remedial and Mitigating Information
    5. Labor Law Decision Disclosures as Relates to Subcontractors
    a. General Comments
    b. Definition of Covered Subcontractors
    c. Authority for Final Determination of Subcontractor 
Responsibility
    d. Governmental Planning
    e. Subcontractor Disclosures (Possession and Retention of 
Subcontractor Information)
    f. Potential for Conflicts When Subcontractors Also Perform as 
Prime Contractors
    g. Not Workable Approach for Prime Contractors To Assess 
Subcontractors' Disclosures
    h. Suggestions To Assess Subcontractor Disclosures During 
Preaward of the Prime Contractor
    i. Suggestion for the Government To Assess Subcontractor 
Responsibility
    j. Miscellaneous Comments About Subcontractor Disclosures
    6. ALCA Role and Assessments
    a. Achieving Consistency in Applying Standards
    b. Public Disclosure of Information
    c. Sharing Information Between ALCA and Contracting Officer
    d. Respective Roles of Contracting Officers and ALCAs in Making 
Responsibility Determinations
    e. Number of Appointed ALCAs, ALCA Expertise, and ALCA Advice/
Analysis Turn-Around Time Insufficient
    7. Labor Compliance Agreements
    a. Requirements for Labor Compliance Agreements
    b. Negotiating Labor Compliance Agreements
    c. Settlement Agreements and Administrative Agreements
    d. Third Party Input
    e. Consideration of Labor Compliance Agreements in Past 
Performance Evaluations
    f. Public Disclosure of Labor Compliance Agreements and Relevant 
Labor Law Violation Information
    g. Labor Compliance Agreement--Suggested Improvements, Including 
Protections Against Retaliation
    h. Weight Given to Labor Compliance Agreements in Responsibility 
Determinations
    i. Concern Regarding Improper Discussions
    j. Process for Enforcement of Labor Compliance Agreements
    k. Pressure or Leverage To Negotiate a Labor Compliance 
Agreement
    l. False or Without Merit Allegations/Citations
    m. Interference With Due Process
    8. Paycheck Transparency
    a. Wage Statement Provision
    i. Rate of Pay
    ii. Itemizing Additions Made to and Deductions Taken From Wages
    iii. Weekly Accounting of Overtime Hours Worked
    iv. Substantially Similar State Laws
    v. Request To Delay Effective Date
    b. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Exempt-Status Notification
    i. Type and Frequency of the Notice
    ii. Differing Interpretations by the Courts of an Exemption 
Under the FLSA
    iii. Request To Delay Implementation of the Exempt-Status Notice
    c. Independent Contractor Notice
    i. Clarifying the Information in the Notice
    ii. Independent Contractor Determination
    iii. Frequency of the Independent Contractor Notice
    iv. Workers Employed by Staffing Agencies
    d. Requirements That Apply to All Three Documents (Wage 
Statement, FLSA Exempt-Status Notice, Independent Contractor Notice)
    i. Translation Requirements
    ii. Electronic Wage Statements
    9. Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims
    10. Information Systems
    a. The Government Should Have a Public Data Base of All Labor 
Law Violations
    b. Data Base for Subcontractor Disclosures
    c. Posting Names of Prospective Contractors Undergoing a 
Responsibility Determination and Contractor Mitigating Information.
    d. Method To Protect Sensitive Information Needed
    e. Information in System for Award Management (SAM) and Federal 
Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS)
    f. Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System (CPARS)
    g. Chief Acquisition Officer Council's National Dialogue on 
Information Technology
    h. Difficulty for Contractors To Develop Their own Information 
Technology System
    11. Small Business Concerns
    12. State Laws
    a. OSHA-Approved State Plans
    b. Phased Implementation of Equivalent State Laws
    13. DOL Guidance Content Pertaining to Disclosure Requirements
    a. General Comments
    b. Defining Violations: Administrative Merits Determinations, 
Arbitral Awards, and Civil Judgments
    c. Defining the Nature of Violations
    i. Serious, Repeated, Willful, and/or Pervasive Violations
    ii. Serious Violations
    iii. Repeated Violations
    iv. Willful Violations
    v. Pervasive Violations
    d. Considering Mitigating Factors in Weighing Violations
    14. General and Miscellaneous Comments
    a. Out of Scope of Proposed Rule
    b. Extension Request
    c. Miscellaneous
    d. General Support for the Rule

[[Page 58564]]

    e. General Opposition to the Rule
IV. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
    Regulatory Impact Analysis
V. Regulatory Flexibility Act
VI. Paperwork Reduction Act

II. Overview

A. Background

    This final rule implements Executive Order 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, dated July 31, 2014 (79 FR 45309, August 5, 2014), amended 
by Executive Order 13683, (December 11, 2014) (79 FR 75041, December 
16, 2014) to correct a statutory citation, and further amended by an 
Executive Order to modify the handling of subcontractor disclosures and 
clarify the requirements for public disclosure of documents.
    A FAR proposed rule was published on May 28, 2015 (80 FR 30548) to 
implement Executive Order 13683 (hereinafter designated as the 
``E.O.''). Public comments were due July 27, 2015. The Department of 
Labor (DOL) also published its proposed Guidance on May 28, 2015 (80 FR 
30574).
    A first extension of the period for public comments on the FAR 
rule, to August 11, 2015, was published on July 14, 2015. A second 
extension, to August 26, 2015, was published on August 5, 2015. There 
were 927 respondents that made comments on the FAR proposed rule. 
Including mass mailings, about 12,600 responses were received on the 
FAR proposed rule. Respondent organizations typically submitted their 
responses to both DOL and FAR dockets. DOL, DoD, GSA, and NASA worked 
together and closely coordinated review and disposition of the 
comments.
    The purpose of E.O. 13673 is to improve contractor compliance with 
labor laws in order to increase economy and efficiency in Federal 
contracting. As section 1 of E.O. 13673 explains, ensuring compliance 
with labor laws drives economy and efficiency by promoting ``safe, 
healthy, fair, and effective workplaces. Contractors that consistently 
adhere to labor laws are more likely to have workplace practices that 
enhance productivity and increase the likelihood of timely, 
predictable, and satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the 
Federal Government.''
    It is a longstanding tenet of Federal Government contracting that 
economy and efficiency is driven, in part, by contracting only with 
responsible contractors that abide by the law, including labor laws. 
However, as explained in the preamble to the proposed rule, many labor 
violations that are serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive are 
not being considered in procurement decisions, in large part because 
contracting officers are not aware of them. Even if information 
regarding labor law decisions is made available, contracting officers 
generally lack the expertise and tools to assess the severity of the 
labor law violations brought to their attention and therefore cannot 
easily determine if a contractor's actions show a lack of integrity and 
business ethics. See 80 FR 30548-49 (May 28, 2015).
    While the vast majority of Federal contractors abide by labor laws, 
a number of studies suggest a significant percentage of the most 
egregious labor law violations identified in recent years have involved 
companies that received Federal contracts. In the mid-1990s, the 
Government Accountability Office (GAO) (then known as the General 
Accounting Office) issued two reports finding that Federal contracts 
worth more than 60 billion dollars had been awarded to companies that 
had violated the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and the 
Occupational Safety and Health Act (the OSH Act). See U.S. General 
Accounting Office, GAO/HEHS-96-8, Worker Protection: Federal 
Contractors and Violations of Labor Law, Report to Senator Paul Simon 
(1995), available at https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/221816.pdf; U.S. 
General Accounting Office, GAO/HEHS-96-157, Occupational Safety and 
Health: Violations of Safety and Health Regulations by Federal 
Contractors, Report to Congressional Requesters (1996), available at 
https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/223113.pdf. The GAO stated that 
contracting agencies already had the authority to consider these 
violations when awarding Federal contracts under the existing 
regulations, but were not doing so because they lacked adequate 
information about contractors' noncompliance. See U.S. General 
Accounting Office, GAO/T-HEHS-98-212, Federal Contractors: Historical 
Perspective on Noncompliance With Labor and Worker Safety Laws, 
Statement of Cornelia Blanchette before the Subcommittee on Oversight 
and Investigations, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of 
Representatives, 2 (July 14, 1998), available at https://www.gao.gov/assets/110/107539.pdf.
    More than ten years later, the GAO again found a similar pattern. 
As discussed in the preamble to the proposed rule, the GAO found that 
almost two-thirds of the 50 largest wage-and-hour violations and almost 
40 percent of the 50 largest workplace health-and-safety penalties 
issued between FY 2005 and FY 2009 were made against companies that 
went on to receive new Government contracts. See U.S. Government 
Accountability Office, GAO-10-1033, FEDERAL CONTRACTING: Assessments 
and Citations of Federal Labor Law Violations by Selected Federal 
Contractors, Report to Congressional Requesters (2010), available at 
https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d101033.pdf. A 2013 report by the Senate 
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee corroborated 
these findings. See Majority Staff of Senate Committee on Health, 
Education, Labor, and Pensions, Acting Responsibly? Federal Contractors 
Frequently Put Workers' Lives and Livelihoods at Risk, 1 (2013) 
(hereinafter HELP Committee Report), available at https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Labor%20Law%20Violations%20by%20Contractors%20Report.pdf.
    Equally important, a number of studies suggest a strong 
relationship between labor law compliance and performance. One study 
conducted by the Center for American Progress (``At Our Expense: 
Federal Contractors that Harm Workers Also Shortchange Taxpayers,'' 
dated December 2013, https://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/labor/report/2013/12/11/80799/at-our-expense/) found that one quarter 
of the 28 companies with the top workplace violations that received 
Federal contracts between FY 2005 and FY 2009 had significant 
performance problems. As cited in the preliminary regulatory impact 
analysis (RIA), a report by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 
Development's Office of Inspector General, Internal Audit--Monitoring 
and Enforcement of Labor Standards, January 16, 1985, found a ``direct 
relationship between labor standards violations and construction 
deficiencies'' on the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) 
projects and revealed that poor quality work contributed to excessive 
maintenance costs. Similarly, a Fiscal Policy Institute report, which 
analyzed a random sample of 30 New York City construction contractors, 
concluded that a contractor with labor law violations is more than five 
times as likely to receive a low performance rating than a contractor 
with no labor law violations. See Adler Moshe, ``Prequalification of 
Contractors: The Importance of Responsible Contracting on Public Works 
Projects,'' Fiscal Policy Institute, May 2003. In addition, in the 
``Background'' section of the Preamble to its final Guidance, DOL cites 
to a number of studies describing how strengthening contractor labor-
law compliance policies ``can improve the

[[Page 58565]]

quality of competition by encouraging bids from more responsible 
contractors that might otherwise abstain from bidding out of concern 
about being able to compete with less scrupulous corner-cutting 
companies.''
    E.O. 13673 is designed to address the longstanding deficiencies 
highlighted in the GAO reports and thereby to increase economy and 
efficiency in Federal procurement by providing, to Federal contracting 
officers, additional relevant information and guidance with which to 
consider that information. To achieve this goal, the E.O. requires that 
prospective and existing contractors on covered contracts disclose 
decisions regarding violations of certain labor laws, and that 
contracting officers, in consultation with agency labor compliance 
advisors (ALCAs), a new position created by the E.O., consider the 
decisions, (including any mitigating factors and remedial measures), as 
part of the contracting officer's decision to award or extend a 
contract. See sections 2 and 3 of the E.O. In addition, the E.O. 
creates new paycheck transparency protections, among other things, to 
ensure that workers on covered contracts are given the necessary 
information each pay period to verify the accuracy of what they are 
paid. See section 5 of the E.O. Finally, the E.O. limits the use of 
predispute arbitration clauses in employment agreements on covered 
Federal contracts. See section 6 of the E.O.

B. The Proposed FAR Rule

    On May 28, 2015, DoD, GSA, and NASA published a proposed rule at 80 
FR 30548, to implement E.O. 13673. The proposed rule delineated, 
through policy statements, solicitation provisions, and contract 
clauses, how, when, and to whom disclosures are to be made and the 
responsibilities of contracting officers and contractors in addressing 
labor law violations. Specifically, a new FAR subpart 22.20 was 
proposed to provide direction to contracting officers on how they are 
to obtain disclosures from contractors on labor law decisions 
concerning their labor law violations; how to consider disclosures when 
making responsibility determinations, and decisions whether to exercise 
options; and how to work with ALCAs, who will advise contracting 
officers in assessing labor law violations, mitigating factors, and 
remedial measures. New solicitation provisions and contract clauses 
were proposed in FAR part 52 to incorporate into contracts whose 
estimated value exceeds $500,000, and into subcontracts over this 
value, other than subcontracts for commercially available off-the-shelf 
(COTS) items. Conforming changes were proposed to FAR subpart 9.1 to 
address the consideration of labor law violation information in the 
Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS) 
during a responsibility determination, to FAR 17.207 to address 
consideration of labor law decisions, mitigating factors, and remedial 
measures prior to the exercise of an option, and to FAR subpart 22.1 to 
address the appointment and duties of ALCAs.
    Simultaneously, DOL issued proposed Guidance entitled ``Guidance 
for Executive Order 13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces'' that was 
designed to work hand-in-hand with the FAR rule. DOL's proposed 
Guidance provided proposed definitions and Guidance regarding labor law 
decisions; how to determine whether a labor law decision is reportable; 
what information about labor law decisions must be disclosed; how to 
analyze the severity of labor law violations; and the role of ALCAs, 
DOL, and other enforcement agencies in addressing labor law violations. 
The proposed Guidance defined the term labor compliance agreement as an 
agreement between a contractor and an enforcement agency, and it 
identified the existence of such an agreement as an important 
mitigating factor when an ALCA assesses the contractor's labor law 
violations. DOL's proposed Guidance at section IV also included 
discussion of the E.O.'s provisions related to paycheck transparency. 
These requirements include satisfaction by complying with substantially 
similar State laws, information to be included on required wage 
statements, FLSA exempt-status notices, and independent contractor 
notifications. The proposed FAR rule incorporated DOL's Guidance, 
including DOL's proposed interpretations of the E.O's reference to 
serious, repeated, willful, pervasive and other key terms; and, as 
already discussed, the proposed FAR rule addressed when and how 
contracting officers are to consider this Guidance.
    In addition to the new requirements to improve labor compliance, 
the proposed FAR rule required contracting agencies to ensure that 
certain workers on covered Federal contracts receive a wage statement 
document that contains information concerning that individual's hours 
worked, overtime hours, pay, and any additions made to or deductions 
taken from pay. The proposed rule also instructed contractors to inform 
individuals in writing if the individual is being treated as an 
independent contractor and not an employee. Finally, the proposed rule 
required that contractors and subcontractors entering into contracts 
and subcontracts for non-commercial items over $1 million agree not to 
enter into any mandatory predispute arbitration agreement with their 
employees or independent contractors on any matter arising under Title 
VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as any tort related to or 
arising out of sexual assault or harassment.
    For additional background, refer to the preamble for the proposed 
rule.

III. Discussion and Analysis of Public Comments

    The Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition 
Regulations Council (the Councils) reviewed the disposition of public 
comments in the development of the final rule. A discussion of the 
comments and of the changes made to the rule as a result of those 
comments is provided below.

A. Summary of Significant Issues

1. Summary of Significant Changes to the Proposed Rule
    DoD, GSA, and NASA seek to ensure that this FAR rulemaking, like 
any other, results in regulatory changes that are clear, manageable, 
and effective. To this end, in soliciting public comment on the 
proposed rule, DoD, GSA, and NASA highlighted a number of issues whose 
shape in the final rule will play a particularly important role in the 
effective implementation of the E.O. These issues included: (i) How the 
new requirements might be phased in to give affected parties time to 
acclimate themselves to their new responsibilities, (ii) how disclosure 
requirements are best shaped to achieve a balance between transparency 
and a reasonable environment for contractors to work with enforcement 
agencies, (iii) how to avoid challenges contractors may face in 
evaluating labor law violations disclosed by their subcontractors, and 
(iv) how to craft remedies that create accountability for compliance 
while providing reasonable time and opportunity for contractors and 
subcontractors to take action. See 80 FR 30555 to 30557.
    Based on the extensive and detailed public comments received in 
response to the proposed rule (discussed in greater detail below) and 
additional deliberations, DoD, GSA, and NASA have agreed on the 
following key actions to minimize burden for contractors and 
subcontractors, small and large, which include a number of changes to 
the proposed rule, as follows:
    a. Phase-in. The final rule provides a measured phase-in process 
for the

[[Page 58566]]

disclosure of labor law decisions to recognize that contractors and 
subcontractors were not previously required to track and report labor 
law decisions and to provide the time affected parties may need to 
familiarize themselves with the rule, set up internal protocols, and 
create or modify internal databases to track labor law decisions in a 
more readily retrievable manner.
    Accordingly, when the rule first takes effect, the disclosure 
reporting period will be limited to one year and gradually increase to 
three years by October 25, 2018. Moreover, no disclosures will be 
required from prospective prime contractors during the first six months 
that the rule is effective (from October 25, 2016 through April 24, 
2017), except from prospective contractors bidding on solicitations 
issued on or after October 25, 2016 for contracts valued at $50 million 
or more. Because of the time typically required for contractors to 
prepare proposals, the Government to evaluate the proposals, and the 
Government to select a prospective contractor for major acquisitions of 
this size, such entities should have adequate time to perform the more 
limited disclosure representation set forth in the rule.
    Subcontractor disclosure is also phased in, and subcontractors will 
not be required to begin making disclosures until one year after the 
rule becomes effective. More specifically, subcontractors will be 
required to report labor law decisions in accordance with this rule if 
they are seeking to perform covered work for prospective contractors 
under Federal contracts awarded pursuant to solicitations issued on or 
after October 25, 2017.
    DOL and other enforcement agencies are actively working to upgrade 
their tracking systems so that the need for contractor disclosures of 
labor law decisions may be reduced over time. DoD, GSA, NASA, and the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) intend to work closely with DOL, 
as part of the renewal process required under the Paperwork Reduction 
Act (PRA), to review progress made on system upgrades and evaluate the 
feasibility of phasing out disclosure requirements set forth in this 
rule.
    Nothing in the phase-in relaxes the ongoing and long-standing 
requirement for agencies to do business only with contractors who are 
responsible sources and abide by the law, including labor laws. 
Accordingly, if an agency has information indicating that a prospective 
prime contractor has been found within the last three years to have 
labor law violations that warrant heightened attention in accordance 
with DOL's Guidance (i.e., serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive 
violations), the contractor should be prepared to be asked about the 
violations and expect to be given an opportunity to address any 
remediation steps it has taken to address the violations. For this 
reason, entities seeking to do business with the Government are 
strongly encouraged to work with DOL in their early engagement 
preassessment process to obtain compliance assistance if they identify 
covered labor law decisions involving violations that they believe may 
be serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive. This assistance is 
available to entities irrespective of whether they are responding to an 
active solicitation. Working with DOL prior to competing for Government 
work is not required by this rule, but will allow the entity to focus 
its attention on developing the best possible offer when the 
opportunity arises to respond to a solicitation.
    b. Subcontracting. To minimize burden on, and overall risk to, 
prime contractors and to create a manageable and executable process for 
both prime contractors and subcontractors, the final rule requires 
subcontractors to disclose details regarding their labor law violations 
(the decisions, mitigating factors and remedial measures) directly to 
DOL for review and assessment instead of to the prime contractor. The 
subcontractor then makes a statement to the prime contractor regarding 
DOL's response to its disclosure. The prime contractor will then 
consider any response from DOL in evaluating the integrity and business 
ethics of subcontractors. See FAR 22.2004-1(b), 22.2004-4, and 52.222-
59(c) and (d) of the final rule. This approach was detailed in the 
preamble to the proposed rule (at 80 FR 30555 to 30557) as an 
alternative to the regulatory text addressing this matter. It has now 
been adopted after careful consideration of concerns raised by numerous 
respondents which would have required contractors to obtain from 
subcontractors with whom they have contracts exceeding $500,000 other 
than COTS items, the same labor compliance information that they must 
themselves disclose.
    Respondents stated that these subcontractor disclosures would be 
costly, burdensome, and difficult for prime contractors to assess. They 
explained that contractors do not have sufficient expertise and 
capacity to assess subcontractor labor law violation disclosures and 
indicated that subcontractors working for multiple prime contractors 
may receive inconsistent assessments. They further explained that these 
disclosures would add to systems costs, both to track and properly 
protect the information, and could strain business relationships as 
companies may be reluctant to share information that they may believe 
is proprietary or otherwise harmful to their competitive interests.
    Under the final rule, subcontractors will be required to provide 
information about their labor law violations to the prime only when the 
subcontractor is not in agreement with, or has concerns with, DOL's 
assessment (see FAR 52.222-59(c)(4)(ii)(C)(3)). DoD, GSA, and NASA 
believe that the flowdown processes set forth in the final rule should 
minimize the challenges identified with the proposed rule, including 
the need for prime contractors to obtain additional resources and 
expertise to track and assess subcontractor labor law violation 
disclosures. Equally important, DOL's review and assessment of 
subcontractor labor law decision information, mitigating factors, and 
remedial measures should help to promote consistent assessments of 
labor law violations and the need for further action. The E.O. has been 
amended to adopt this process in lieu of disclosure to the prime 
contractor to ensure that processes are as manageable and minimally 
burdensome as possible.
    c. Public Disclosure of Labor Law Decision Information. The final 
rule, like the proposed rule, requires prospective prime contractors to 
publicly disclose certain basic information about covered violations--
namely, the law violated, the case identification number, the date of 
the decision finding a violation, and the name of the body that made 
the decision. The final rule reiterates that the requirement to provide 
information on the existence of covered violations applies not only to 
civil judgments and administrative merits determinations, but also 
arbitral awards, including awards that are not final or still subject 
to court review. This is consistent with section 2(a)(i) of the E.O., 
which specifically requires the disclosure of arbitral awards or 
decisions without exception. DoD, GSA, and NASA refer readers to the 
Preamble of DOL's final Guidance, which explains that confidentiality 
provisions generally have exceptions for disclosures required by law. 
Moreover, there is nothing particularly sensitive about the four pieces 
of basic information that contractors must publicly disclose about each 
violation--the labor law that was violated, the case number, the date 
of the award or decision, and the name of arbitrator. See FAR 22.2004-
2(b)(1)(i). Parties routinely disclose more

[[Page 58567]]

information about an arbitral award when they file a court action 
seeking to have the award vacated, confirmed, or modified.
    That said, the final rule does not compel public disclosure of 
additional documents the prospective contractor deems necessary to 
demonstrate its responsibility, such as documents demonstrating 
mitigating factors, remedial measures, and other steps taken to achieve 
compliance with labor laws. The rule states this information will not 
be made public unless the Contractor determines that it wants this 
information to be made public (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii)).
    d. Contract Remedies. Consistent with the E.O.'s goal of bringing 
contractors into compliance the final rule adopts additional language 
regarding use of remedies, with the intent of reinforcing the 
availability and consideration of remedies, such as documenting 
noncompliance in past performance or negotiating a labor compliance 
agreement, prior to the consideration of more severe remedies (e.g., 
terminating a contract, notifying the suspending and debarring 
officials).
    Of particular note, the final rule enumerates the ALCA's 
responsibility to encourage prospective contractors and contractors 
that have labor law violations that may be serious, repeated, willful, 
and/or pervasive to work with DOL or other relevant enforcement 
agencies to discuss and address the violations as soon as practicable. 
See FAR 22.2004-1(c)(1). Early engagement with DOL through the 
preassessment process can give entities with violations an opportunity 
to understand and address concerns, as appropriate, before bidding on 
work so that they may focus their attention on developing the best 
possible offer during competition. The Office of Federal Procurement 
Policy (OFPP) is working with DOL, members of the FAR Council (DoD, 
GSA, NASA, and OFPP) and other acquisition executives, the Small 
Business Administration (SBA), and the SBA Office of Advocacy to 
highlight language in DOL's Guidance that explains how entities may 
avail themselves of assistance at DOL (i.e., Section VI Preassessment) 
and, more generally, the best ways to promote understanding and early 
engagement whenever it makes sense.
    The rule also amends the policies addressing the assessment of past 
performance when the contract includes the clause at 52.222-59, to 
recognize consideration of a contractor's relevant labor law violation 
information, e.g., timely implementation of remedial measures, and 
compliance with those remedial measures (including related labor 
compliance agreements), and the extent to which the prime contractor 
addressed labor law decisions of its subcontractors. See FAR 
42.1502(j). The rule calls on agencies to seek input from ALCAs for 
these purposes when assessing the contractor's performance. See 
42.1503(a)(1)(i). Further, the rule requires contracting officers to 
consider compliance with labor laws when past performance is an 
evaluation factor (see FAR 22.2004-2(a)). This language was shaped by 
public comment received in response to language in the preamble of the 
proposed rule addressing the consideration of compliance with labor 
laws in evaluating contractor performance. See 80 FR 30557. DoD, GSA, 
and NASA note that the Councils opened FAR Case 2015-027, Past 
Performance Evaluation Requirements, to separately develop regulatory 
guidance around the consideration of contractor compliance issues more 
generally.
    In addition, the final rule addresses the use of labor compliance 
agreements. The rule clarifies how the timeframe for developing a labor 
compliance agreement, which involves parties outside the contracting 
agency, is intended to interact with the acquisition process. It also 
speaks to basic obligations between the contractor and the contracting 
officer where the need for a labor compliance agreement has been 
identified by the ALCA. Labor compliance agreements are bilateral. 
Parties to the agreement (i.e., a contractor or subcontractor and the 
enforcement agency) will need time to negotiate an appropriate 
agreement--time which ordinarily will go beyond that which a 
contracting agency would typically give to completing a responsibility 
determination. The contracting officer notifies the contractor if a 
labor compliance agreement is warranted, and states the name of the 
enforcement agency. Unless the contracting officer requires the labor 
compliance agreement to be entered into before award, the contractor is 
then required to state an intent to negotiate a labor compliance 
agreement, or explain why not.
    Where a contracting officer has premised a responsibility 
determination (or exercise of an option postaward) on the prospective 
contractor's present or future commitment to a labor compliance 
agreement, the prospective contractor (or existing contractor) must 
take certain steps; the failure to do so will be taken into account and 
could have postaward consequences with respect to the instant contract 
or future contracts.
    The rule promotes economy and efficiency by ensuring that the most 
severe labor law violations that have not yet been adequately remedied 
(serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive violations) are dealt 
with in a timely manner. Labor compliance agreements are designed to 
address these severe labor law violations. As section 1 of the E.O. 
states, ``[c]ontractors that consistently adhere to labor laws are more 
likely to have workplace practices that enhance productivity and 
increase the likelihood of timely, predictable and satisfactory 
delivery of goods and services to the Federal Government.'' The rule 
provides a mechanism to allow for the time needed to negotiate an 
agreement reasonable to both sides. This approach should avoid 
situations where instant contract actions are unnecessarily delayed or 
prospective contractors passed over in favor of other offerors before 
having had reasonable time to work with the enforcement agency to 
address their problems, while also making sure that the contractor is 
taking reasonable steps after award to negotiate an appropriate 
agreement.
    Nothing in the rule seeks to limit a contractor's ability to choose 
how it will remediate labor law violations or to negotiate settlement 
agreements. To the contrary, the rule and DOL Guidance fully anticipate 
that contractors will often take action on their own, or enter into 
settlement agreements, to remediate their labor law violations. For 
this reason, the rule, as well as DOL's Guidance, emphasize that 
contracting officers must carefully consider these actions in deciding 
if a contractor is a responsible source.
    It is only in a limited number of situations--where the severity of 
labor law violations warrants heightened attention and remediation 
efforts taken to date are inadequate--that a contractor should expect 
to be advised of the need to enter into a labor compliance agreement. 
The agreement may address appropriate remedial measures, compliance 
assistance, steps to resolve issues to increase compliance with labor 
laws, measures to ensure improved future compliance, and other related 
matters. Except for unusual circumstances where the ALCA recommends and 
the contracting officer agrees that the prospective contractor must 
enter into a labor compliance agreement before award, prospective 
contractors and existing contractors will be given a reasonable 
opportunity to negotiate an appropriate agreement. If an entity, at its 
own choosing, does not take action, through a labor compliance 
agreement or otherwise, it will be incumbent on the agency to determine

[[Page 58568]]

the appropriate action in light of the noncompliance. A 
nonresponsibility determination or exclusion action would be considered 
where previous attempts to secure adequate remediation by the 
contractor have been unsuccessful and it is necessary to protect the 
Government's interest. With respect to the latter, consistent with 
long-standing policy and practice, an entity would be given an 
opportunity to be heard before an agency suspension and debarment 
official debars the contractor in order to protect the Government's 
interest.
    e. Regulatory impact. See the summary of the RIA at Section IV 
below.
2. Summary of Changes by Provision
    The following summary highlights changes made from the proposed to 
final rule by section:
FAR 22.2002 Definitions
     Added within the definition of ``enforcement agency'' the 
agencies associated with each labor law.
     Deleted the definition of ``labor violation'' and 
substituted the definition of ``labor law decision''.
     Clarified the definition of ``pervasive violations''.
FAR 22.2004-1 General
     In paragraph (b) added language on subcontractors 
disclosing to DOL.
     Added paragraph (c) on duties of the Agency Labor 
Compliance Advisor (ALCA), such as providing input to the individual 
responsible for past performance so that the input can be considered 
during source selection, and making a notation in FAPIIS of the 
existence of a labor compliance agreement.
FAR 22.2004-2 Preaward Assessment of an Offeror's Labor Law Violations
     In paragraph (a) included contracting officer 
consideration of compliance with labor laws when past performance is an 
evaluation factor.
     Added language in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) directing that 
disclosures of mitigating factors and remedial measures will be made in 
SAM, and will not be made public unless the contractor determines that 
it wants this information to be made public.
     Added language in paragraph (b)(3) on the recommendations 
that the ALCA will make to the contracting officer.
     Clarified language in paragraph (b)(4) that identifies 
what the ALCA analysis shall contain.
     Added a requirement in (b)(5)(ii) for the contracting 
officer to document the contract file and explain how the ALCA's 
written analysis was considered.
     Added language in paragraph (b)(6) that disclosure of a 
labor law decision does not automatically render the prospective 
contractor nonresponsible.
     Added procedures in (b)(7) for notifying the prospective 
contractor if a labor compliance agreement is warranted.
     Added paragraph (c) that the contracting officer may rely 
on the offeror's representation, unless the contracting officer has 
reason to question it.
FAR 22.2004-3 Postaward Assessment of a Prime Contractor's Labor Law 
Violations
     Added language in paragraph (a)(2) to clarify the 
semiannual update requirement and minimize the disclosure burden.
     Retained wording making the ALCA responsible for 
monitoring SAM and FAPIIS and identifying updated information that 
needs to be brought to the contracting officer's attention for 
consideration.
     Made various conforming changes to align preaward and 
postaward sections, including that disclosures to the contracting 
officer of mitigating information in SAM will not be publicly disclosed 
unless the contractor determines that it wants this information to be 
made public.
FAR 22.2007 Solicitation Provisions (Two) and Contract Clauses (Three)
     Added date and threshold phase-in language for the FAR 
52.222-59 clause. It is inserted in solicitations with an estimated 
value of $50 million or more, issued from October 25, through April 24, 
2017, and resultant contracts, and is inserted in solicitations that 
are estimated to exceed $500,000 issued after April 24, 2017. (The FAR 
52.222-57 and 52.222-58 provisions are not used unless this clause is 
used.)
     Added date phase-in language for the FAR 52.222-58 clause, 
which covers subcontractor disclosures. It is inserted in solicitations 
issued on or after October 25, 2017.
FAR Part 42
     Added text at FAR subpart 42.15 to require consideration 
of labor law compliance during past performance evaluations.
     Added a new paragraph 42.1503(h)(5) consolidating 
references to agencies entering information into FAPIIS.
FAR 52.212-3
     Conformed the definitions to changes made in FAR 22.2002, 
and conformed the rest of the representation to changes made in FAR 
52.222-57.
FAR 52.222-57
     Added a paragraph (a)(2) on joint ventures.
     Added date and threshold phase-in language in paragraph 
(b).
     Added phase-in language for the decision disclosure period 
in paragraph (c): ``rendered against the offeror during the period 
beginning on October 25, 2015 to the date of the offer, or for three 
years preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is shorter''.
     Added a new paragraph (f) that the representation whether 
there are labor law decisions rendered against the offeror will be in 
FAPIIS
FAR 52.222-58
     Added phase-in language for the decision disclosure 
period.
     Added paragraph (b)(2) about nonliability for 
subcontractor misrepresentations, similar to the language at FAR 
52.222-59(f).
FAR 52.222-59
     Conformed the definitions to changes made in FAR 22.2002.
     Added language in paragraph (b) to conform to FAR 22.2004-
3 on the semiannual update.
     Moved the discussion at former (b)(4) on contract remedies 
to only be at FAR 22.2004-3(b)(4).
     Revised paragraph (c) to implement the alternative from 
the proposed rule where the subcontractor discloses to DOL. A 
description of the steps followed include--
    [cir] Subcontractors make a representation regarding labor law 
decisions;
    [cir] If the representation was affirmative, disclosures will be 
made to DOL; the subcontractor will provide information to the 
contractor regarding DOL's assessment;
    [cir] If the subcontractor disagrees with DOL's assessment, it will 
inform the prime contractor and provide rationale; if the subcontractor 
is found responsible, the prime contractor must provide an explanation 
to the contracting officer; and
    [cir] A similar process is followed for subcontractor updates 
during contract performance (see paragraph (d)).
     Added a statement in paragraph (c)(2) that disclosure of a 
labor law decision(s) does not automatically render the prospective 
subcontractor nonresponsible; the contractor shall consider the 
prospective subcontractor for award notwithstanding disclosure of a 
labor law decision. Added language that the contractor should encourage

[[Page 58569]]

prospective subcontractors to contact DOL for a preassessment of their 
record of labor law compliance.
     Added a new paragraph (f) that a contractor or 
subcontractor, acting in good faith, is not liable for 
misrepresentations made by its subcontractors about labor law decisions 
or about labor compliance agreements.
FAR 52.222-60
     Expanded the required elements of the wage statement, FLSA 
exempt-status notices, and independent contractor notices.
3. Additional Issues
    a. Legal entity.
    DoD, GSA, and NASA emphasize that the scope of representations and 
disclosures required by the final rule follows existing general 
principles and practices. Specifically, the requirement to represent 
and disclose applies to the legal entity whose name and address is 
entered on the bid/offer and that will be legally responsible for 
performance of the contract. The legal entity that is the offeror does 
not include a parent corporation, a subsidiary corporation, or other 
affiliates (see definition of affiliates in FAR 2.101). A corporate 
division is part of the corporation. Consistent with current FAR 
practice, representation and disclosures do not apply to a parent 
corporation, subsidiary corporation, or other affiliates, unless a 
specific FAR provision (e.g., FAR 52.209-5) requires that additional 
information. Therefore, if XYZ Corporation is the legal entity whose 
name appears on the bid/offer, covered labor law decisions concerning 
labor law violations by XYZ Corporation at any location where that 
legal entity operates would need to be disclosed. The fact that XYZ 
Corporation is a subsidiary of XXX Corporation and the immediate parent 
of YYY Corporation does not change the scope of the required 
disclosure. Only XYZ Corporation's violations must be disclosed. (See 
also Section III.B.3.e. below).
b. Other Equivalent State Laws
    Consistent with the proposed rule, the final rule limits the scope 
of initial implementation to decisions concerning violations of the 
Federal labor laws enumerated in the E.O. and violations of State Plans 
approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 
Disclosure and consideration of decisions concerning other equivalent 
State law violations will not go into effect until DOL and the FAR 
Council seek public comment on additional Guidance and rulemaking. As a 
result, the number of labor law decisions that contractors and 
subcontractors will need to disclose for the immediate future will be 
significantly reduced and these entities will have additional 
opportunity to engage with the Federal Government on the best and least 
burdensome approaches for meeting those requirements before such 
additional requirements take effect.

B. Analysis of Public Comments

1. Challenges to Legality and Authority of the Executive Order and 
Implementing Regulatory Action
a. Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
    Comment: Several respondents stated that the costs associated with 
the proposed rule (which the respondents stated are largely 
unquantified in the proposed rule and which the public had insufficient 
time to quantify during its public comment period) so greatly outweigh 
the benefits (which the respondents stated there is insufficient 
evidence to support) that there is a great decrease in economy and 
efficiency, and the rulemaking is not a rational exercise of Government 
power. They asserted that under the APA, an agency action that is 
``arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in 
accordance with law'' will be held unlawful and set aside. See 5 U.S.C. 
706(2)(A).
    Response: It is a longstanding tenet of Government contracting that 
economy and efficiency is driven, in part, by dealing only with 
responsible contractors that abide by the law, including labor laws. As 
section 1 of E.O. 13673 explains, compliance with labor law drives 
economy and efficiency by promoting ``safe, healthy, fair, and 
effective workplaces. Contractors that consistently adhere to labor 
laws are more likely to have workplace practices that enhance 
productivity and increase the likelihood of timely, predictable, and 
satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the Federal 
Government.''
    Many labor law violations that are serious, repeated, willful, and/
or pervasive are not considered in awarding contracts, in large part 
because contracting officers are not aware of them. Even if information 
regarding labor law violations is made available, contracting officers 
generally lack the expertise and tools to assess the severity of the 
labor law violations brought to their attention and therefore cannot 
easily determine if a contractor's actions show a lack of integrity and 
business ethics. The FAR rule, in concert with DOL's Guidance, is 
designed to close these gaps so that the intended benefits of labor 
laws and the economy and efficiency they promote in Federal procurement 
can be more effectively realized. The Councils acknowledge that many of 
these benefits are difficult to expressly quantify, but point out that 
E.O. 13563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review, provides that, 
where appropriate and permitted by law, agencies may consider and 
discuss qualitative values that are difficult or impossible to 
quantify, including equity, human dignity, fairness, and distributive 
impacts.
    Respondents assert that the costs that would be imposed by the 
proposed rule greatly outweigh the benefits and, on this basis, 
conclude that the rule is arbitrary. The Councils refer respondents to 
the RIA which was developed, in close consultation with DOL, to 
evaluate the effect of the rule. As the RIA explains, the Government, 
consistent with E.O. 13563, has made a reasoned determination that the 
benefits justify the costs, as the regulation has been tailored to 
impose the least burden, consistent with achieving the objectives of 
the Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces E.O.
    Of particular note, the final rule, as required by the express 
provisions of the E.O., limits costs by building processes within the 
existing Federal acquisition system with which contractors are 
familiar. The final rule limits the E.O.'s labor law decision 
disclosure requirements to contracts and subcontracts over $500,000, 
and excludes flowdown for contracts of COTS items--limitations which 
will result in excluding the majority of transactions performed by 
small businesses.
    The final rule makes a number of important additional refinements 
that will work to contain costs and create a compliance process that is 
manageable and fair. These refinements were made after considering 
public comments on the proposed rule--including comments addressing 
specific issues that the Councils highlighted to enable further 
tailoring of the rule so that it imposes the least burden possible. For 
example:
     The final rule adopts an alternative proposal outlined in 
the proposed rule preamble that directs disclosure of subcontractor 
labor law decision information directly to DOL, rather than to the 
prime contractor, in order to minimize the burden and business 
challenges for both prime contractors and subcontractors that might 
arise through direct disclosure of a subcontractor's violations to the 
prime.

[[Page 58570]]

     The final rule adopts a measured phase-in process for the 
disclosure of labor law decisions. When the rule first takes effect, 
the disclosure period will be limited to one year and no disclosure 
will be required during the first six months, except for contractors 
bidding on contracts valued at $50 million or more. Subcontractors will 
not begin making disclosures until one year after the rule becomes 
effective. These steps will enable affected parties to acclimate 
themselves to the new processes and develop internal protocols, as 
necessary, without having to undertake costly measures within tight 
timeframes to meet compliance requirements.
     The final rule limits the scope of initial implementation 
to decisions concerning violations of the Federal labor laws enumerated 
in the E.O. and OSHA-approved State Plans. Disclosure and consideration 
of decisions concerning other equivalent State law violations will not 
go into effect until DOL and the FAR Council seek public comment on 
additional Guidance and rulemaking. As a result, the number of labor 
law decisions that contractors and subcontractors will need to report 
for the immediate future will be significantly reduced and these 
entities will have additional opportunity to engage with the Federal 
Government on the best and least burdensome approaches for meeting 
those requirements before such additional requirements take effect.
    For a more comprehensive discussion on benefits and costs, see the 
RIA. For discussions of the publication requirements of the APA see 
below at Section III.B.2.a.i., at Length of Phase-in Period, and at 
Section III.B.13.a.
    Comment: Some respondents asserted that the rule is imprecise 
regarding the way in which contractor labor law violations are to be 
assessed. The respondents stated that this imprecision invites 
inconsistent application across agencies, and arbitrary actions by the 
Government.
    Response: Consistent with well-established contracting principles 
and practices, the rule requires that determinations regarding a 
prospective contractor's responsibility be made by the particular 
contracting officer responsible for the procurement, on a case-by-case 
basis. This approach helps to ensure that actions are taken in proper 
context. While contracting officers may reach different conclusions, 
steps have been taken in the context of this rulemaking that will help 
to promote consistency in the assessment of labor law violation 
information by ALCAs and the resultant advisory input to contracting 
officers and promote greater certainty for contractors. In particular, 
ALCAs will coordinate with DOL and share their independent analyses for 
consideration by other ALCAs. This collaboration should help to avoid 
inconsistent advice being provided to the contractor from different 
agencies. DOL has developed Guidance to assist ALCAs in meeting their 
requirements under the E.O. and to further enhance both inter-agency 
and intra-agency understanding of the process and uniformity in 
implementation practices. (See also discussion at Section III.B.6.a. 
below.)
    Comment: Respondents asserted that the regulation requires State 
law enforcement agencies to dictate whether remediation is properly 
taking place. According to these respondents, this placement of power 
in the hands of a State for a Federal procurement is at odds with 
Federalism principles and improperly places contractor responsibility--
a Federal determination--in the hands of a State agency, whose 
workplace laws may conflict with their Federal counterparts. They 
concluded that the rulemaking is ``contrary to constitutional right, 
power, privilege, or immunity'' and must be held unlawful and set 
aside. See 5 U.S.C. 706(2)(B).
    Response: The only State enforcement agencies engaged under the 
rule are the State enforcement agencies for the OSHA-approved State 
Plans. Under the proposed and final rules, contracting officers, not 
enforcement agencies, are solely empowered to make responsibility 
determinations. Contracting officers have broad discretion in making 
responsibility determinations, and in determining the amount of 
information needed to make that determination, including whether 
conduct is being remediated. See Impresa Construzioni Geom. Domenico 
Garufi v. U.S., 238 F.3d 1324, 1334-35 (Fed. Cir. 2001). Contractors 
are already required to report numerous types of improper conduct, 
including conduct that in some cases violated State laws, and 
contracting officers must use this information in determining whether a 
contractor is a responsible source. See FAR 52.209-5(a)(1)(i)(B)-(D). 
While contracting officers and ALCAs will carefully consider 
information about remediation from Federal or State enforcement 
agencies, a contracting officer's responsibility determination is 
independent of the finding of an enforcement agency--whether Federal or 
State--regarding whether the labor law violation has been sufficiently 
remediated.
    Comment: Respondents contended that the FAR Council and DOL, 
through their regulation and Guidance respectively, are effectively 
amending Federal labor and employment law by creating a new enforcement 
scheme, with different classes of violations (e.g., ``serious,'' 
``repeated,'' ``willful,''), and with new punitive sanctions that 
contravene Congressional intent. They believed this action is ``in 
excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short 
of statutory right,'' and must be held unlawful and set aside. See 5 
U.S.C. 706(2)(C). They stated that agency action is pre-empted by 
established statutory schemes. Respondents cited the Davis-Bacon Act 
and the Service Contract Act, where Congress explicitly made suspension 
and debarment an available remedy, and did not make this remedy 
available under any of the other labor laws cited in the rule. They 
note that labor compliance agreements are not required or authorized 
for labor law violations.
    Response: Neither the FAR Council's rule nor DOL's Guidance amend 
any Federal labor and employment laws. Instead, the rule will require 
contractors and subcontractors to disclose decisions concerning certain 
violations of some of those laws so that those decisions, if any, can 
be taken into account to determine whether the contractor or 
subcontractor has a satisfactory record of integrity and business 
ethics. Determining whether a contractor is a responsible source is a 
long-standing tenet of Federal contracting and a prerequisite to 
receiving a contract award. See 41 U.S.C. 3702(b), 41 U.S.C. 3703(c), 
and FAR subpart 9.1. Contracting officers already may consider 
violations of the labor laws and other laws when making responsibility 
determinations. Indeed, it is the very nature of the existing FAR 
responsibility determination to assess conduct that may be remediable 
or punishable under other statutes. The E.O.'s direction to require a 
prospective contractor to disclose certain labor law decisions so that 
the contracting officers can more effectively determine if that source 
is responsible falls well within the established legal bounds of 
presidential directives regarding procurement policy.
    The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act (FPASA) (also 
known as the Procurement Act), was codified into positive law in titles 
40 and 41 of the United States Code. 40 U.S.C. 101 and 121 authorize 
the President to craft and implement procurement policies that further 
the statutory goals of that Act of promoting ``economy'' and 
``efficiency'' in Federal procurement. The Office of Federal 
Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 1101)

[[Page 58571]]

also has the goal of promoting ``economy'' and ``efficiency'' in 
Federal Procurement.
    By asking contractors to disclose past labor law decisions the 
Government is better able to determine if the contractor is likely to 
have workplace practices that enhance productivity and increase the 
likelihood of timely, predictable, and satisfactory delivery of goods 
and services to the Federal Government. See, e.g., UAW-Labor Employment 
& Training Corp. v. Chao, 325 F.3d 360, 366 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (affirming 
authority of the President under the Procurement Act to require Federal 
contractors, as a condition of contracting, to post notices informing 
workers of certain labor law rights).
    Moreover, contractors are already required to report numerous types 
of conduct--including fraud, anti-competitive conduct, embezzlement, 
theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or destruction of records, 
making false statements, tax evasion, and receiving stolen property--
that is unlawful and separately punishable under existing Federal and 
State laws. See FAR 52.209-5(a)(1)(i)(B)-(C). Thus, contractors and 
subcontractors are not being punished twice (or in any manner 
inconsistent with Congressional intent) for any labor law decisions 
that they report; instead, the reported decisions, along with other 
reported information, will be part of the existing responsibility 
determination process.
    Neither the FAR Council's rule nor DOL's Guidance expand or change 
the availability of suspension or debarment as a statutory remedy under 
the labor laws. Under the existing FAR subpart 9.4, agencies are given 
the administrative discretion to exercise suspension and debarment to 
protect the Government from harm in doing business with contractors 
that are not responsible sources--without regard for whether other 
statutes specify suspension or debarment as a consequence. The rule and 
Guidance require contractors and subcontractors to disclose certain 
labor law decisions so that those decisions, if any, can be taken into 
account as part of responsibility determinations. The rule has been 
constructed to help contractors come into compliance with labor laws, 
and consideration of suspension and debarment is only considered when 
previous attempts to secure adequate remediation by the contractor have 
been unsuccessful and it is necessary to protect the Government's 
interest. The rule provides for contracting officers to take into 
consideration a number of mechanisms that contractors may use to come 
into compliance, including labor compliance agreements, that derive 
from labor enforcement agencies' inherent authority to implement labor 
laws and to work with covered parties to meet their obligations under 
these laws.
b. Due Process and Procedural Considerations
    Comment: Respondents stated that the FAR Council has improperly 
promulgated labor standards under 41 U.S.C. 1707, by incorporating 
Guidance from DOL.
    Response: The FAR rule does not promulgate new labor standards, nor 
does it interpret labor laws or standards. Rather, the FAR rule adopts 
DOL's interpretation of labor law provided in DOL's Guidance, which 
interprets the labor terms in the E.O. The FAR rule explains when 
contracting officers are to consider such guidance and, more 
importantly, how and when contracting officers are to interact with 
ALCAs who will be principally responsible for using the Guidance, along 
with officials from DOL and enforcement agencies, to assess covered 
contractor violations and provide advice to contracting officers.
    Comment: One respondent stated that the rule would require the 
contractor to report violations that arose outside of the performance 
of a Government contract. The respondent stated that additional 
consideration of these matters has no nexus with traditional contractor 
responsibility determinations that relate to whether a contractor is 
responsible for the particular procurement and the performance of a 
Government contract.
    Response: In issuing E.O. 13673, the President explained the broad 
nexus that exists between general compliance with labor laws and 
economy and efficiency:
    Labor laws are designed to promote safe, healthy, fair, and 
effective workplaces. Contractors that consistently adhere to labor 
laws are more likely to have workplace practices that enhance 
productivity and increase the likelihood of timely, predictable, and 
satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the Federal Government. 
Helping executive departments and agencies to identify and work with 
contractors with track records of compliance will reduce execution 
delays and avoid distractions and complications that arise from 
contracting with contractors with track records of noncompliance.
    As explained in the preamble to the proposed FAR rule and the 
preliminary RIA, a growing body of research supports the conclusion 
that a relationship exists between labor law violations and performance 
problems. This includes reports by the GAO, the Senate HELP Committee, 
and HUD's Inspector General; a Fiscal Policy Institute report; and 
reports by the Center for American Progress.
    Under longstanding tenets reflected in FAR subpart 9.1 contracting 
officers have long had the discretion to consider violations of law, 
whether related to Federal contracts or not, for insights into how a 
contractor is likely to perform during a future Government contract. 
Evidence of a prospective contractor's past violations of labor laws is 
a basis to inquire into that contractor's potential for satisfactory 
labor law compliance; furthermore, how the prospective contractor has 
handled past violations is indicative of how it will handle future 
violations. Whether or not a labor law violation arose in connection 
with or outside of the performance of a Government contract, the 
contracting officer should consider the impact of that violation and 
the potential that future noncompliance will have in terms of the 
agency resources that will be required to monitor the contractor's 
workplace practices during contract performance.
    Comment: Respondents stated that longstanding Federal procurement 
statutes and regulations focus contracting officers on final 
adjudications in determining if a contractor is in compliance with the 
law, as evidenced by the type of information that Congress requires for 
inclusion in FAPIIS. In addition, respondents noted that in the final 
rule implementing FAPIIS (FAR Case 2008-027, 75 FR 14059), the Councils 
recognized that if information regarding yet-to-be-concluded 
proceedings were allowed, negative perceptions could unfairly influence 
contracting officers to find a contractor nonresponsible, even in 
situations that later end with the contractor being exonerated.
    These respondents pointed out that this focus helps to avoid 
unnecessary complexities and potential unfairness that may arise from 
the systematic consideration of decisions that are subject to 
adjudication but have not been fully adjudicated, in particular, 
administrative merits determinations. Such determinations may not have 
been approved or supported by an adjudicative body, and in some cases, 
are only based on an agency's reasonable cause to believe that an 
unlawful practice has occurred or is occurring. Respondents believed 
this deviation from well-established practice undermines substantive 
due process because, among other things, a contractor may be unable to 
fully

[[Page 58572]]

explain itself during a responsibility determination if the basis of a 
determination is being litigated, as it would potentially require 
disclosure of privileged information, evidence, litigation strategy and 
other sensitive information to the contracting officer. Also, a 
contractor could find itself being denied work even though the 
determination might be later overturned by a court. These respondents 
concluded that this type of unfairness could be avoided if the rule 
were revised to exclude disclosure and consideration of administrative 
merits determinations.
    Response: The Councils reaffirm their commitment, voiced in FAR 
Case 2008-027, to avoid the potential perception that contracting 
officers might be unfairly influenced by nonfinal decisions. We note 
that the structure of the E.O., this final rule, and particularly the 
DOL Guidance provide necessary steps for considering nonfinal 
information. Specifically, the DOL Guidance (1) informs contractors of 
the fact that the information being nonfinal is a mitigating factor, 
and (2) explains that ALCAs consider that the decision is nonfinal as a 
mitigating factor. Additionally, contractors have the opportunity to 
make mitigating factors public (see FAR 52.222-57(d)(1)(iii), its 
commercial item equivalent at 52.212-3(s)(3)(i)(C), and 52.222-
59(b)(3)).
    The Councils refer respondents to DOL's Guidance, which addresses 
matters relating to the violations that must be disclosed and 
considered. In particular, attention is directed to DOL's Preamble and 
the discussion of administrative merits determinations, which states, 
in pertinent part:
    The Department believes that the due process and related critiques 
of the proposed definition of administrative merits determination are 
unwarranted. The Order delegates to the Department the authority to 
define the term. See Order, Sec.  2(a)(i). The proposed definition is 
consistent with the Order and the authority delegated. The Department 
limited the definition to a finite number of findings, notices, and 
documents--and only those issued ``following an investigation by the 
relevant enforcement agency.'' 80 FR 30574, 30579.
* * * * *
    The definition of administrative merits determination simply 
delineates the scope of contractors' disclosure obligations--the first 
stage in the Order's process. Not all disclosed violations are relevant 
to a recommendation regarding a contractor's integrity and business 
ethics. Only those that are serious, repeated, willful, or pervasive 
will be considered as part of the weighing step and will factor into 
the ALCA's written analysis and advice. Moreover, when disclosing Labor 
Laws violations, a contractor has the opportunity to submit all 
relevant information it deems necessary to demonstrate responsibility, 
including mitigating circumstances and steps taken to achieve 
compliance with Labor Laws. FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii). As the Guidance 
provides, the information that the contractor is challenging or 
appealing an adverse administrative merits determination will be 
carefully considered. The Guidance also states that Labor Law 
violations that have not resulted in final determinations, judgments, 
awards, or decisions should be given lesser weight. The Department 
believes that contractors' opportunity to provide all relevant 
information--including mitigating circumstances--and the guidance's 
explicit recognition that nonfinal administrative merits determinations 
should be given lesser weight resolve any due process concerns raised 
by the commenters.
    With respect to the specific concern that a contractor could find 
itself being denied work even though the determination might be later 
overturned by a court, DOL has noted in the Preamble to its final 
Guidance that a very low percentage of administrative merits 
determinations are later overturned or vacated. For example, only about 
two percent of all OSHA citations are later vacated. In other words, 
the likelihood that a contractor could find itself being denied work 
even though the determination is later overturned by a court is very 
low.
    See also discussions below in Section III.B.13.b. on DOL Guidance 
Content Pertaining to Disclosure Requirements; Defining Violations: 
Administrative Merits Determinations, Arbitral Awards, and Civil 
Judgments.
    Comment: Respondents asserted that the regulation effectively 
authorizes a de facto debarment of contractors by creating a system 
where a contractor may be found nonresponsible based on the advice of 
an ALCA or otherwise denied work for not agreeing to enter into a labor 
compliance agreement when such action is recommended by the ALCA. They 
further contended that the rule may produce disparate, conflicting, and 
redundant decisions by Federal contracting officers on the issue of 
contractor responsibility. Such decisions run the substantial risk of 
violating constitutional protections of due process that have been 
consistently applied to combat de facto suspension or debarment of 
contractors.
    Response: Evidence of a prospective contractor's past violations of 
labor laws is a basis to inquire into that contractor's potential for 
satisfactory labor law compliance; furthermore, how the prospective 
contractor has handled past violations is appropriately considered as 
being indicative of how it will handle future violations. Under 
longstanding tenets reflected in FAR subpart 9.1, contracting officers 
have the discretion to consider violations of law, whether related to 
Federal contracts or not, for insights into how a contractor is likely 
to perform during a future Government contract. These long-standing 
tenets also hold that determinations regarding a prospective 
contractor's responsibility shall be made by the particular contracting 
officer responsible for the procurement. Requiring that decisions be 
made on a case-by-case basis helps to ensure that actions are taken in 
proper context.
    While this approach may result in different decisions by different 
contracting officers, steps have been taken in the context of this 
rulemaking that will help to promote consistency in the assessment of 
labor law violations and relevant labor law violation information by 
ALCAs and the resultant advisory input to contracting officers and will 
result in greater certainty for contractors. In particular, ALCAs will 
coordinate with DOL and share their independent analyses for 
consideration by other ALCAs. This collaboration should help to avoid 
inconsistent advice being provided to the contractor from different 
agencies. The ALCA's recommendation to the contracting officer is 
advisory, and not conclusive on the subject of responsibility. The rule 
does not supplant or modify suspension and debarment processes, which, 
consistent with current regulations, is considered in certain extreme 
cases when previous attempts to secure adequate contractor remediation 
has been unsuccessful, or otherwise to protect the Government from 
harm.
    Comment: Respondents suggested that the rule relies on a construct 
that certain violations must be addressed through a contractor 
compliance plan. They remarked that this violates basic labor 
management law, because it prevents contractors from exercising choice 
of resolution, and hinders the right to negotiate mutually beneficial 
settlements between parties. The respondents further noted that through 
this process, DOL would have undue leverage in their enforcement of 
labor law violations unrelated to the scope of the responsibility 
determination process.

[[Page 58573]]

    Response: The purpose of the E.O., regulation, and Guidance is to 
improve contractor compliance with labor laws through processes that 
are reasonable and manageable. Neither the rule nor the Guidance seeks 
to limit a contractor's ability to choose how it will remediate labor 
law violations or to negotiate settlement agreements. To the contrary, 
the rule and Guidance fully anticipate that contractors will often take 
action on their own, including entering into settlement agreements, to 
remediate their labor law violations. For this reason, the rule and 
Guidance both emphasize that contracting officers must carefully 
consider these actions in deciding if a contractor is a responsible 
source.
    In deciding if additional action is required, the E.O. seeks to 
avoid unnecessary action by instructing agencies to focus on only those 
violations that require heightened attention because of the severity of 
the violations. In addition to helping ALCAs identify those serious, 
repeated, willful, and/or pervasive violations that warrant heightened 
attention, DOL's implementing Guidance makes distinctions in the weight 
to be given to the different types of opinions addressing a 
contractor's violations. DOL's Guidance provides that violations that 
have not resulted in a final judgment, determination, or order are to 
be given less weight in the ALCA's analysis, and therefore also in the 
contracting officer's consideration during the responsibility 
determination. In this way, DOL explicitly recognizes that a contractor 
may still be contesting the findings of an administrative merits 
determination. And, as already discussed, ALCAs and contracting 
officers must consider very carefully this information as well as any 
other information that the contractor calls to their attention. There 
are no automatic triggers in the rule that compel a contracting officer 
to make a nonresponsibility determination, even in light of an ALCA's 
recommendation to do so, or to prevent a contracting officer from 
exercising an option; nor is there evidence that labor law enforcement 
actions will be abused to pressure contractors into forfeiting their 
rights in order to obtain favorable responsibility determinations. In 
short, it is only in a limited number of situations--where agencies 
have concluded that contractors have not taken sufficient steps to 
remediate past violations and prevent future noncompliance--that a 
contractor should expect to be advised of the need to enter into a 
labor compliance agreement. Except for unusual circumstances where the 
ALCA recommends and the contracting officer agrees that the prospective 
contractor (i.e., those that have been tentatively selected to receive 
an award and are undergoing a responsibility determination) must enter 
into a labor compliance agreement before award, the prospective 
contractor and existing contractors will be given a reasonable 
opportunity to negotiate an appropriate labor compliance agreement. 
Such agreements will accomplish the objective of mutually beneficial 
settlements between enforcement agencies and employers. Put another 
way, the labor compliance agreement is one additional tool of many, 
designed to help prevent situations from deteriorating to the point 
where exclusion becomes necessary. Thus, if an entity, at its own 
choosing, does not take action, through a labor compliance agreement or 
otherwise, it will be incumbent on the agency to determine the 
appropriate action in light of the noncompliance. A nonresponsibility 
determination or exclusion action would generally be considered only 
where previous attempts to secure adequate remediation by the 
contractor have been unsuccessful or otherwise it is necessary to 
protect the Government's interest. With respect to the latter, 
consistent with long-standing policy and practice, an entity would be 
given an opportunity to be heard before an agency suspension and 
debarment official debars the contractor in order to protect the 
Government's interest.
c. False Claims Act
    Comment: Several respondents stated that the proposed rule requires 
the contractor to report a broad range of information including final 
court decisions and administrative merits determinations, over a three 
year period during which there was no previous requirement to track. As 
these violations are now reportable, the respondents contended that the 
rule creates a significant risk of litigation under the False Claims 
Act, as (1) contractors may not have had the systems necessary to 
catalogue that information when the violation occurred, and (2) it may 
take significant time to develop systems which are capable of tracking 
information in the manner required by the rule.
    Response: As a general matter, the rule requires only that an 
offeror represent ``to the best of [its] knowledge and belief'' that 
there either has or has not been an ``administrative merits 
determination, arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment for any 
labor law violation(s) rendered against the offeror''. While knowingly 
misrepresenting the existence of a determination, decision, or judgment 
may result in adverse action against the contractor, an inadvertent 
omission would not result in the same action.
    In addition, in response to public feedback explaining the 
challenges that some contractors may face in getting systems in place 
(coupled with the fact that tracking was not required when past 
violations occurred), the final rule provides for a phase-in of the 
disclosure process, initially limited to a 1-year disclosure period. 
Specifically, disclosure will be required no earlier than for decisions 
rendered on October 25, 2015 and cover to the date of the offer, or for 
the three years preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is 
shorter. During the six month period after the rule becomes effective, 
disclosures also will be limited to offerors and prospective 
contractors on contracts valued at $50 million or more; subcontractor 
reporting will not begin until one year after the rule's initial 
effective date. These phase-in mechanisms are intended to give 
contractors the time they need to evaluate and address their systems 
needs and avoid placing a covered contractor in a situation where it 
finds itself unable to collect and report the requisite information.
d. Other Issues
    Comment: Several respondents raised concerns about the relationship 
between labor compliance agreements and litigation-specific settlements 
for violations. One respondent, in particular, stated that labor 
compliance agreements could overlap with and contradict provisions of 
settlement agreements that are already in place or administrative 
agreements reached as part of suspension and debarment proceedings.
    Response: Labor compliance agreements, settlement agreements, and 
administrative agreements have similar objectives in addressing labor 
law violations and remedial actions; however, they differ in their 
specific purposes. Settlement agreements are entered into with an 
enforcement agency to settle a particular case. Administrative 
agreements that are entered into with suspending and debarring 
officials may address a number of types of concerns (one of which may 
be labor law compliance) and are entered into to address present 
responsibility. Labor compliance agreements may be warranted when the 
ALCA identifies a pattern of conduct or policies that could be 
addressed through

[[Page 58574]]

preventative action. Where this is the case, the contractor's history 
of labor law violations demonstrates a risk to the contracting agency 
of violations during contract performance, but these risks might be 
mitigated through the implementation of appropriate compliance 
measures. For a discussion of the relationship between settlement 
agreements, labor compliance agreements, and administrative agreements 
resolving suspension and debarment actions the Councils refer 
respondents to the DOL Guidance which addresses the purpose and use of 
labor compliance agreements. In particular, attention is directed to 
DOL's Preamble and the discussion of administrative merits 
determinations, which states, in pertinent part:
    The Department believes that concerns about labor compliance 
agreements conflicting with existing settlements are unwarranted. 
Contractors are encouraged to disclose information about existing 
settlements as a potential mitigating factor in the weighing process. 
In determining whether a labor compliance agreement is necessary, the 
ALCA will consider any preexisting settlement agreement--and recommend 
a labor compliance agreement only where the existing settlement does 
not include measures to prevent future violations.
    In addition, the Department notes that a labor compliance agreement 
is an agreement between a contractor and an enforcement agency. 
Enforcement agencies will know if they previously entered into 
agreements with the contractor and can assure that any labor compliance 
agreement does not conflict with prior agreements.
    Comment: Several respondents stated that the final rule should not 
compel disclosure to the Government of the existence or the content of 
confidential arbitral proceedings that are subject to a nondisclosure 
agreement. In addition, even if information is shared with the 
Government, such information should not be disclosed to the public.
    Response: The E.O. specifically requires the disclosure of arbitral 
awards or decisions without exception, and confidentiality provisions 
in non-disclosure agreements generally have exceptions for disclosures 
required by law. Further, the final rule requires contractors to 
publicly disclose only four limited pieces of information: The labor 
law that was violated, the case number, the date of the award or 
decision, and the name of the arbitrator. See FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(i). 
There is nothing particularly sensitive about this information, as 
evidenced by the fact that parties routinely disclose this information 
and more when they file court actions seeking to vacate, confirm, or 
modify an arbitral award. While this information may not be sensitive, 
disclosing it to the government as part of the contracting process 
furthers the E.O.'s goal of ensuring that the government works with 
contractors that have track records of complying with labor laws.
    Comment: Several respondents commented that the proposed rule 
offered no explanation, or an inadequate explanation, for how a 
limitation on arbitration agreements would promote economy and 
efficiency in Federal procurement. Some of these respondents expressed 
the view that the proposed rule would in fact work against the stated 
aims of the E.O. One respondent also stated that the limitation had no 
connection with the Federal procurement process and should be deleted 
in its entirety.
    Response: The Procurement Act grants the President broad authority 
to prescribe policies and directives that the President considers 
necessary to carry out the statutory purposes of ensuring economical 
and efficient government procurement. The limitation on arbitration 
agreements is a reasonable and rational exercise of that authority.
    In particular, the limitation on arbitration agreements will help 
bring to light sexual harassment and other Title VII violations, 
ultimately reducing their prevalence. Allowing parties access to the 
courts for alleged violations of the law provides employees with the 
opportunity to file individual, group, or class lawsuits that can raise 
awareness of and redress such violations. These developments will make 
it easier for agencies to identify and work with contractors with track 
records of compliance, consistent with the overall goals of the E.O. In 
addition, lawsuits, and the attendant publicity they can generate, can 
also deter other contractors from committing similar infractions. 
Prohibiting pre-dispute arbitration may also increase employee 
perceptions of fairness in workplace dispute mechanisms, thereby 
improving employee morale and productivity.
    Finally, DoD, the Federal government's largest contracting agency, 
is currently subject to a nearly identical (and more restrictive) 
limitation on mandatory arbitration. The rule would extend similar 
restrictions to all contractors, helping make regulations more 
consistent across agencies and thus reducing barriers to operating with 
the federal government. That, in turn, helps to enhance competition 
among suppliers, and competition is a well-established mechanism for 
achieving cost savings. These gains in economy and efficiency would 
come with limited burdens for contractors, as many are already doing 
business with DoD, and are thus already subject to these restrictions. 
Further, nothing in the E.O. or final rule prohibits employers or 
workers from choosing voluntarily to arbitrate a dispute--the E.O. and 
rule simply prevent an employer from unilaterally controlling the means 
of dispute resolution before any disputes arise.
    Comment: Respondents commented that the exception for arbitrations 
conducted pursuant to collective bargaining agreements improperly 
penalized contractors without collective bargaining agreements and 
recommended the exception be removed.
    Response: Unlike mandatory arbitration clauses in employment 
contracts with individual employees, dispute resolution procedures set 
forth in a collective bargaining agreement are jointly agreed upon by 
employers and employees. These dispute resolution procedures are 
therefore more likely to be perceived as fair, and thus unlikely to 
undermine employee morale and productivity. Collective bargaining 
agreements also tend to feature protections for workers coming forward 
with grievances, which increase the likelihood that sexual harassment 
and Title VII violations will be brought to light and hence enable 
agencies to identify and work with contractors with records of 
compliance. The rationales that generally support banning mandatory 
arbitration of covered claims thus do not apply in the context of a 
collective bargaining agreement negotiated between the contractor and a 
labor organization representing the contractor's employees.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that contractors who retain forced 
arbitration provisions for employment disputes other than those 
specifically prohibited by the regulation should be barred from 
enforcing those remaining forced arbitration provisions in the event 
disputes arise out of the same set of facts.
    Response: To be consistent with DoD's existing regulations and the 
requirements of the E.O., this rule does not apply the limitation on 
mandatory pre-dispute arbitration to aspects of an agreement unrelated 
to the covered areas. Establishing consistent rules across government 
agencies helps to enhance competition among suppliers, which is a well-
established mechanism for achieving cost savings for the Federal 
government.

[[Page 58575]]

    Comment: Several respondents commented that the proposed rule's 
coverage on arbitration is invalid and unenforceable because it 
conflicts with Federal statute, U.S. Supreme Court precedent, current 
regulation, or should otherwise only be accomplished through 
Congressional legislation. Respondents provided the following in 
support of their comments: Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 
U.S. 20, 25 (1991) (the Federal Arbitration Act reflects a ``liberal 
federal policy favoring arbitration agreements'') AT&T Mobility LLC v. 
Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333, 339 (2011) (``The FAA (Federal Arbitration 
Act) was enacted in 1925 in response to widespread judicial hostility 
to arbitration agreements.'') CompuCredit v. Greenwood, 565 U.S. 95 
(2012), and similar rulings, which uphold the enforceability of 
arbitration agreements pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act.
    Response: The Federal Arbitration Act provides for the validity and 
enforceability of arbitration agreements. The final rule, consistent 
with the proposed rule, does not alter the validity or enforceability 
of such agreements; indeed, the E.O. makes clear that it does not 
disturb existing pre-dispute arbitration agreements unless those 
agreements are renegotiated or replaced in a process that allows 
changes to the terms to the contract. Therefore, the final rule does 
not conflict with the Federal Arbitration Act.
    The government does, however, generally have the authority to 
decide which companies it will contract with and what terms such 
contracts will contain. The final rule accordingly provides that 
contracting agencies in their capacity as contracting parties shall 
not, with some exceptions, enter into contracts with contractors who 
utilize certain types of mandatory arbitration agreements with their 
employees. Contractors remain free to require employees to enter into 
mandatory pre-dispute arbitration agreements of claims that do not 
arise under Title VII or torts relating to sexual assault or 
harassment, and may further seek to arbitrate covered disputes when 
they arise.
    Comment: Respondents argued that failure to include the cost of 
reporting equivalent State labor law violations circumvents the intent 
of the Congressional Review Act (CRA), the Small Business Regulatory 
Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) as part of the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act (RFA), and E.O. 12866. Respondents indicated that when the cost of 
a proposed rule is estimated to have a cost impact of more than $100 
million on the economy, each of these Federal laws require the agency 
proposing the rule to undertake additional regulatory review steps.
    Response: The proposed and final FAR rules do not address the cost 
of reporting violations related to equivalent State laws (other than 
OSHA-approved State Plans) because the rule and DOL's Guidance do not 
implement those requirements of E.O. 13673. In response to what the 
Councils and DOL learned from public comments and public outreach 
sessions regarding the best way to create a fair, reasonable, and 
implementable process, the FAR rule and DOL Guidance will phase in 
parts of the E.O. over time. As part of the phase-in plan, contractors 
will not be required to disclose labor law decisions related to 
equivalent State laws immediately (other than for OSHA-approved State 
Plans), which will significantly reduce the number of labor law 
decisions that a contractor or subcontractor will need to report. 
Separate Guidance and an additional rulemaking will be pursued at a 
future date to identify equivalent State laws, and such requirements 
will be subject to public notice and comment before they take effect. 
The notice of proposed rulemaking accompanying this subsequent action 
will address the cost of disclosing labor law decisions concerning 
violations of equivalent State labor laws and address applicable 
requirements of the CRA, SBREFA, RFA, and E.O. 12866.

2. Various Alternatives to the Proposed Rule

a. Alternatives That Were Presented in the Proposed Rule
    Introductory Summary: The proposed rule asked for consideration of, 
and comment on, alternatives to three aspects of the rule: (i) Phase-in 
of subcontractor disclosure requirements, (ii) subcontractor 
disclosures and contractor assessments, (iii) contractor and 
subcontractor remedies. The Councils reviewed and considered public 
comments in development of the final rule and have implemented 
revisions as follows:
    Phase-in (of Disclosure Requirements). In addition to comments 
received on subcontractor phase-in, a number of concerns, comments, and 
additional phase-in options were offered with regard to the ability of 
prime contractors to comply with the rule immediately on the effective 
date. In order to best enable compliance with the rule, the Councils 
have implemented the following phase-in periods for representations and 
disclosures (see FAR 22.2007, 52.222-57 and its commercial items 
equivalent at 52.212-3, 52.222-58, 52.222-59):
     Prime Contractor Representations and Disclosures
    [cir] For the first 6 months after the rule's effective date 
(October 25, through April 24, 2017), representations and disclosures 
are required for solicitations expected to result in contracts valued 
at $50 million or more.
    [cir] After the first 6 months (after April 24, 2017), 
representations and disclosures are required for solicitations expected 
to result in contracts valued at greater than $500,000.
 Subcontractor Representations and Disclosures
    Beginning 12 months after the rule's effective date (October 25, 
2017), representations and disclosures are required for solicitations 
expected to result in subcontracts valued at greater than $500,000 
other than COTS.
 Labor Law Decision Preaward Disclosure Period--Prime and 
Subcontractor
    Whenever preaward disclosures are required they must cover 
decisions rendered during the time period beginning October 25, 2015 to 
the date of the offer, or for three years preceding the date of the 
offer, whichever period is shorter.
    Subcontractor Disclosures and Contractor Assessments. The proposed 
rule offered alternative language for subcontractor disclosures and 
contractor assessments of labor law violation information; the final 
rule adopts this alternative approach. In the final rule, at FAR 
52.222-58 and 52.222-59(c) and (d), subcontractors disclose details 
regarding decisions concerning their labor law violations (and 
mitigating factors and remedial measures) directly to DOL for review 
and assessment instead of to the prime contractor. The applicability to 
subcontracts remains unchanged in the final rule, i.e., $500,000 
threshold for other than COTS.
    Contractor and Subcontractor Remedies. The proposed rule offered 
supplemental language regarding remedial measures in order to achieve 
the dual goals of providing reasonable time for remedial action and 
accountability for unjustified inaction (FAR 22.2004-5, Consideration 
of Compliance with Labor Laws in Evaluation of Contractor Performance, 
at 80 FR 30557). The final rule instead includes language for 
contracting officers to consider a contractor's compliance with labor 
laws (including adherence to labor compliance agreements) in their 
evaluation of past

[[Page 58576]]

performance (FAR 42.1502(j)). It also provides for contracting officers 
to consider whether labor compliance agreements have been timely 
entered into and complied with, at FAR 22.2004-2(b)(4); 22.2004-
3(b)(3).
i. Phase-in (of Disclosure Requirements)
 Phase-In of Subcontractor Review
    Comment: Several respondents recommended phase-in of the 
subcontractor disclosure requirement. The proposals included (1) 
allowing 12-18 months for phase-in, (2) delaying or phasing-in 
subcontractor review requirements, and (3) limiting reporting on 
violations to only those that arise after the effective date of the 
proposed rule.
    Response: As stated in the summary above, the Councils agree that 
phase-in of subcontractor disclosures would benefit both the public and 
the Government and have updated the rule to provide for a phase-in 
period.
 Phase-In of Subcontractor Disclosures by Subcontracting Tiers
    Comment: Respondents recommended that the subcontractor disclosure 
requirement be phased in by subcontractor tiers. Respondents 
recommended: (1) Applying the rule initially to prime contractors and 
then, after a phase-in period, expanding application only to first-tier 
subcontractors, and (2) creating a phase-in schedule to add one year 
for first-tier subcontracts, one more year for second-tier 
subcontracts, and one more year for lower-tier subcontracts.
    Response: As stated in the summary above, the Councils have decided 
to apply a phase-in period to all subcontractor disclosures. This will 
allow sufficient time for systems and processes to be in place to 
implement the rule's requirements at the subcontractor level.
 Phase-In for Small Businesses
    Comment: The SBA Office of Advocacy and other respondents 
recommended (in addition to the phase-in for subcontractors), that the 
Councils consider providing a phase-in period for small business prime 
contractors. The SBA Office of Advocacy recommended that this phase-in 
period be long enough to allow small businesses, who are current 
contractors or offerors interested in contracting with the Government, 
to absorb the costs of the rule. Another respondent indicated that a 
phased approach to implementation is appropriate for small businesses, 
to afford them sufficient time to develop systems and modify 
contractual terms, and one respondent recommended that the rule exempt 
small businesses entirely. However, another respondent cautioned the 
Councils that, while considering the burden on small businesses, the 
Councils should avoid inadvertently providing an unfair competitive 
advantage when small businesses participate in unrestricted 
procurements.
    Response: As stated in the introductory summary above, the burden 
for all businesses, including small businesses, under the rule will be 
greatly reduced by phased-in application of the rule regarding 
disclosures by prime contractors and subcontractors.
    Comment: A respondent recommended the phase-in apply to all 
subcontractors and not make distinctions among subcontractor tiers. The 
respondent proposed two distinct one-year phase-in periods for 
subcontractor disclosure and for update requirements and provided 
suggested FAR text changes.
    Response: The Councils concur that a phase-in of application to 
subcontractors will allow an opportunity for contractors and 
subcontractors to become acclimated to the tracking, reporting, and 
reviewing requirements of this rule.
 Phase-In for Other-Than-Small Businesses
    Comment: Several respondents recommended a phase-in or delayed 
effective date for prime contractors with the most recommended timing 
for a phase-in being one year. The recommendations included: (1) A 
significant period for phase-in to develop mechanisms for reporting, 
collecting, and evaluating information; (2) limiting initial 
application to prime contractors, specifically those subject to full 
Cost Accounting Standards compliance requirements; (3) an initial 
phase-in period for contracts valued over $10,000,000; phase-in for 
both prime contractors and subcontractors; and a phased approach over 
at least 5 years.
    Response: The Councils have revised the rule to phase in 
application of the rule to prime contractors and subcontractors as 
described in the summary above.
 Length of Phase-In Period
    Comment: Respondents made various recommendations for phase-in of 
the three year period for disclosures: That it be reduced to six to 
twelve months; that it begin four years after the rule's effective 
date; that it be increased to five years consistent with the FAPIIS 
reporting requirement and to enable contracting officers to conduct 
more thorough responsibility determinations; that it be a year at a 
time, e.g., a year after the effective date, contractors report a year 
of violations; two years out, they report two years; and three years 
out, they report 3 years of violations.
    Response: The Councils have implemented revisions in the final rule 
consistent with the disclosure reporting described in the above 
summary.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern with implementation phasing. 
A respondent noted that Section 10 of the E.O. indicated it will apply 
to solicitations as set forth in the FAR final rule, and that the E.O. 
Fact sheet stated that the E.O. will be ``implemented on new contracts 
in stages, on a prioritized basis, during 2016.'' The respondent was 
concerned that the proposed rule is silent on the timing of 
implementation. The respondent stated that this omission is significant 
as the effective date and implementation strategy will have substantive 
implications for contractors. The respondent contended that by failing 
to address this issue, contractors have been deprived of the 
opportunity to comment on this critical point as required by the APA.
    Response: The statutory publication requirement for FAR rules is 
found at 41 U.S.C. 1707. The APA publication section at 5 U.S.C. 553 
does not apply to FAR procurement regulations. The proposed rule met 
the requirements of 41 U.S.C. 1707 by requesting public comment on 
alternatives for implementation phase-in. See paragraph A of Section IV 
of the proposed FAR rule preamble and paragraph 6 of the Initial 
Regulatory Flexibility Analysis.
    Comment: One respondent suggested a lengthy phased implementation 
and enforcement approach, along the following lines: (1) During the 
first two years after the effective date of the final rule, contracting 
agencies and DOL would establish ALCA functions by staffing and 
training employees to implement the rule, and contractors would begin 
to establish compliance and reporting protocols and mechanisms, and 
train their employees, (2) During the third and fourth year the final 
rule should apply to new solicitations and contracts valued over 
$20,000,000, and $10,000,000 respectively, but only to prime contracts, 
and (3) During later years the threshold would be reduced and apply to 
subcontracts.
    Response: The Councils have revised the rule to reflect a phasing 
as described in the summary above.

[[Page 58577]]

ii. Subcontractor Disclosures and Contractor Assessments
    Comment: A respondent took exception to the requirement for primes 
to ``certify'' that suppliers and subcontractors are complying with the 
relevant labor laws and to collect this information every six months.
    Response: There is no requirement for contractors to certify that 
their subcontractors or suppliers are complying with relevant labor 
laws. The requirement is for contractors to consider labor law 
violations when conducting determinations of subcontractor 
responsibility.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that DOL be tasked with 
evaluating subcontractors' history of violations and assessing the need 
for a labor compliance agreement, rather than having the prime 
contractors carry out that function. The respondent stated that the 
process of evaluating compliance history and weighing the frequency and 
gravity of violations should be treated as an inherently governmental 
function.
    Response: The Councils have adopted the alternative offered in the 
proposed rule to have DOL assess subcontractor violations. The 
contractor is still ultimately responsible for evaluating the 
subcontractor's compliance with labor laws as an element of 
responsibility. Determining subcontractor responsibility is not an 
inherently governmental function, and reflects existing policy at FAR 
9.104-4(a). There is no transfer of enforcement of the labor laws as a 
result of the rule; the rule provides for information regarding 
compliance with labor laws to be considered during subcontractor 
responsibility determinations and during subcontract performance.
    Comment: Many respondents objected to the role of contractors 
collecting subcontractor violation information as prescribed in the 
proposed rule. Several of those respondents expressed some level of 
support for the alternative presented. Other respondents expressed 
concerns that: (1) The rules for contractors are not the same or 
similar to the practice that contracting officers follow; (2) proposed 
subcontractors do not report directly to the Government; (3) the 
subcontractor should make a representation back to the contractor 
regarding any DOL response; (4) contractors should review their 
subcontractors' compliance on a continual or ongoing basis; (5) if the 
alternative is implemented, DOL would not be able to respond quickly 
enough; (6) if the Government were to make a recommended responsibility 
determination for a proposed subcontractor that the contractor making 
the responsibility determination might come to a different conclusion; 
and (7) DOL might issue inconsistent recommendations regarding 
different proposed subcontracts with one company.
    Response: As described in the summary above, the Councils are 
implementing the final rule with the alternative whereby the contractor 
would direct the subcontractor to disclose its labor law decisions (and 
mitigating factors and remedial measures) to DOL, which will resolve 
many of the concerns expressed regarding application of the rule to 
subcontractors. See the full discussion of comments and responses on 
the subcontractor disclosure alternative below at Section III.B.5.
iii. Contractor and Subcontractor Remedies
    Comment: A number of respondents recommended that the rule 
enumerate specific remedies or punitive measures that are available for 
misrepresentations and failures to disclose relevant information.
    Response: FAR representations, including those in this rulemaking, 
are made to the best of the offeror's knowledge and belief. However, 
inaccurate or incomplete representations related to this rule, like 
other representations in the FAR, could constitute a false statement. 
The rule provides that the representation is a material representation 
of fact upon which reliance was placed when making award; if it is 
later determined that the offeror knowingly rendered an erroneous 
representation, in addition to other remedies available to the 
Government, the contracting officer may terminate the contract. In 
addition, there are existing civil and criminal penalties for making 
false statements to the Government that are applicable to 
representations and to other information not provided as part of a 
representation, for example, information disclosed about labor law 
violations.
    Comment: Two respondents recommended that the representations 
required of contractors and subcontractors be under oath.
    Response: The Councils do not agree that the representations by 
contractors and subcontractors should be made under oath as it is 
inconsistent with how FAR representations are made. Also see prior 
response regarding the impact of making a representation.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that the remedies specified in the 
regulation for misrepresentations at the ``check the box'' 
representation stage also apply to the contractor or subcontractor's 
preaward and postaward labor law violation disclosures.
    Response: There are existing civil and criminal penalties for 
making false statements to the Government, which would be applicable to 
representations and to other information not provided as part of a 
representation, for example, information disclosed about labor law 
violations. With respect to subcontracts, the rule does not discuss the 
penalties applicable to the prime contractor--subcontractor 
relationship in this FAR implementation. This is in accord with general 
FAR practice. Prime contractors have discretion to establish 
subcontract terms and conditions applicable to their subcontracts. 
Therefore, the Councils do not consider a change to be necessary.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the penalties for 
misrepresentation should apply to subcontractor disclosures and be 
explicitly communicated to the subcontractor by the prime or higher-
tier subcontractor, or the contracting officer through the 
solicitation.
    Response: The rule does not discuss penalties for misrepresentation 
by subcontractors in the provision at FAR 52.222-58, Subcontractor 
Responsibility Matters Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive 
Order 13673). However, contractors and subcontractors may draft terms 
and conditions for their subcontracts that include coverage of 
misrepresentation penalties.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the prime contractor should 
have a rebuttable presumption that it was not responsible for a 
subcontractor's false disclosure.
    Response: The Councils agree that the prime is not responsible for 
all subcontractor misrepresentations or false statements and have 
revised the FAR provision at FAR 52.222-58(b) and clause at 52.222-
59(f) to read that ``A contractor or subcontractor, acting in good 
faith, is not liable for misrepresentations made by its subcontractors 
about labor law decisions or about labor compliance agreements.''
    Comment: A respondent recommended that a mechanism be provided for 
giving the subcontractor recourse for an erroneous negative 
determination by the prime contractor of the subcontractor's 
responsibility.
    Response: Consistent with FAR 9.104-4(a), the prime contractor is 
generally responsible for determining the responsibility of its 
prospective subcontractors. Prime contractors must

[[Page 58578]]

exercise due diligence when evaluating and selecting among prospective 
subcontractors. This is existing policy and implementation of the E.O. 
does not change this construct. The prime contractor is ultimately 
responsible for deciding with whom to subcontract and how to manage the 
subcontractor relationship. Implementing the alternative in the final 
rule provides DOL's subject matter expertise to the review of 
subcontractor labor law decisions (and mitigating factors and remedial 
measures) and allows for prime contractor consultation with DOL. The 
Councils find the existing policies sufficient and decline to establish 
the new mechanism requested.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the contracting officer 
should document a contractor's violation of a labor compliance 
agreement, or its refusal to enter into one, in its past performance 
evaluation.
    Response: As described in the summary above, the final rule has 
been revised to include labor law compliance (including adherence to 
labor compliance agreements) in information considered by contracting 
officers in past performance evaluations (see FAR 42.1502(j)).
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the rule more closely align 
with the contractor performance information process which provides at 
FAR subpart 42.15 for notice to a contractor, an opportunity for 
comment, and a review at a level above the contracting officer to 
address disagreements.
    Response: The contractor performance information process provides 
that agency evaluations of contractor performance, including both 
negative and positive evaluations, shall be provided to the contractor 
as soon as practicable after completion of the evaluation. As described 
in the summary above, the final rule has been revised to include labor 
law compliance (including adherence to labor compliance agreements) in 
information considered by contracting officers in past performance 
evaluations (see FAR 42.1502(j)).
    Comment: Respondents stated that there could be an increase in 
Contract Disputes Act appeals. Respondents suggested that reporting of 
violations could trigger adverse performance evaluations or lead to 
decisions not to exercise options based on responsibility 
determinations. Respondents noted that the FAR provides specific 
processes for responding to and appealing performance evaluations. In 
addition, where a contracting officer determines that a contractor is 
not responsible, such that the contract should be terminated for 
default or options not exercised, there may be grounds to bring claims 
under the contract, based on claims that the contracting officer acted 
arbitrarily and capriciously; there is also a right to appeal any final 
contracting officer decision on these grounds under the Contract 
Disputes Act.
    Response: The Councils note that the traditional use of options 
under FAR part 17 involves the exercise of the option being within the 
discretion of the contracting officer. The intent of the E.O. is to 
have contractors put their efforts in improving their record of labor 
law violations, rather than in litigating.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that FAR 22.2004-3(b)(3) be 
strengthened to specify that an ALCA may consider whether the 
contractor has entered into a collectively bargained labor compliance 
agreement and whether the contractor has failed to comply with an 
existing labor compliance agreement as an aggravating factor.
    Response: The ALCA, pursuant to FAR 22.2004-3(b)(1), is required to 
verify, consulting with DOL as needed, whether the contractor is making 
progress toward, or has entered into, the labor compliance agreement. 
In addition, the ALCA, in developing its assessment using DOL Guidance, 
will consider whether a labor compliance agreement already in place is 
being adhered to. Specifying whether the labor compliance agreement is 
collectively bargained is not required by the E.O.
    Comment: Respondents proposed strengthening the remedies at FAR 
22.2004-3(b)(4) to provide for the suspension of payments under a 
contract until the labor law violation is remedied and/or an enhanced 
labor compliance agreement is implemented.
    Response: The respondents' recommendation for suspension of 
payments for labor law violations is not provided for in the E.O., and 
under current FAR practice, contractors are entitled to be paid for 
work performed.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that FAR 22.2004-3(b) should be 
amended to provide that contracting officers and ALCAs must consider 
all reportable labor law violations of a prime contractor's 
subcontractors that were committed during the period of contract 
performance, for those subcontractors that have not been cleared or 
precleared by DOL. The respondent proposed an alternative process as a 
remedy to address the violations of subcontractors for whom DOL had not 
completed an assessment prior to subcontract award. The respondent 
proposed that ALCAs and contracting officers, in addition to the prime, 
should review all subcontractor labor law violations committed during 
the performance period and the prime should face the same remedial 
action from the contracting officer as if the prime had committed the 
violation.
    Response: We note that it appears that an underlying assumption to 
the respondent's comment is that the prime's decision to award or 
continue the subcontract was inappropriate, and that the prime was not 
diligently considering the labor law violations. In fact, it may have 
been the appropriate decision to award or continue the subcontract 
depending on the totality of the circumstances related to (1) the labor 
law violation(s), and (2) the circumstances of the particular 
procurement.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the FAR should require DOL 
to inform prime contractors directly when DOL conducts an investigation 
of a subcontractor and provide specific information about the 
subcontractor's need for and compliance with a labor compliance 
agreement to the contracting officer and the prime.
    Response: The E.O. does not provide that DOL must notify prime 
contractors directly when DOL conducts an investigation of a 
prospective subcontractor or provide copies of an established labor 
compliance agreement to the contracting officer and the prime. However, 
a contracting officer may request a copy of a labor compliance 
agreement from DOL or an enforcement agency, and the contracting 
officer is entitled to receive it. In addition, if prime contractors 
decide to enter into or continue subcontracts with a subcontractor that 
DOL has advised needs a labor compliance agreement and the 
subcontractor is in disagreement with DOL, the prime contractor must 
inform the contracting officer (see FAR 52.222-59(c)(5) and (d)(4)). 
Also, the FAR text amended at 52.222-58(b)(2) and 52.222-59(f) states 
that ``A contractor or subcontractor, acting in good faith, is not 
liable for misrepresentations made by its subcontractors about labor 
law decisions or about labor compliance agreements.''
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the FAR should require a 
prime contractor to consult with DOL if a subcontractor discloses labor 
law violations to the prime during contract performance. The respondent 
indicated that, if the subcontractor does not receive an updated 
clearance from DOL and the prime continues to retain

[[Page 58579]]

the subcontractor, the prime should face the same action by the 
contracting officer as if the prime had committed the violation.
    Response: The processes for subcontractor disclosures to DOL at FAR 
52.222-59(c) and (d) are mandatory; however, the opportunity for a 
prime contractor to consult with DOL or an enforcement agency at FAR 
52.222-59(e) is at the prime's discretion. The prime is responsible for 
evaluating any information it has, including labor compliance 
information received from DOL, when determining subcontractor 
responsibility. FAR 9.104-4(a) does provide that determinations of 
prospective subcontractor responsibility may affect the Government's 
determination of the prospective prime contractor's responsibility. The 
final rule is consistent with this policy. If prime contractors decide 
to enter into or continue subcontracts with subcontractors that DOL has 
advised need a labor compliance agreement and the subcontractor is in 
disagreement with DOL, the prime contractor must inform the contracting 
officer (see FAR 52.222-59(c)(5) and (d)(4)).
    Comment: A respondent commented that an approach where DOL rather 
than the prime contractors would make the subcontractor responsibility 
determination would be equally problematic since the Government would, 
in effect, determine the subcontractor with whom prime contractors can 
do business. The respondent suggested that if DOL finds a subcontractor 
nonresponsible and the subcontractor's work was necessary to the prime 
contractor's supply chain, then the prime contractor may be forced to 
go out of business or not do business with the Government.
    Response: The rule requires prospective subcontractors to submit 
labor law violation information to DOL, and requires DOL to develop an 
assessment. The DOL assessment assists prime contractors as they 
determine prospective subcontractor responsibility. Consistent with 
current practices under FAR 9.104-4(a), prime contractors determine 
subcontractor responsibility; the Government does not.
    Comment: A respondent indicated that there could be conflicts of 
interest for DOL advisors when DOL analyzes a labor law decision issued 
by another part of DOL. This could also be problematic when State laws 
are implemented. The respondent recommended that the ALCA should be the 
moderator to avoid these conflicts of interest and the ALCAs should 
weigh in on recommendations with regards to State law violations.
    Response: The structure of the subcontractor responsibility process 
does not create a conflict of interest, in and of itself. DOL Guidance 
clarifies that labor law decision information forthcoming from an 
enforcement component of DOL will be assessed objectively. 
Administrative decision makers enjoy a presumption of honesty and 
integrity. See Withrow v. Larkin, 421 U.S. 35, 47 (1975).
    Comment: Another respondent suggested that DOL issue subcontractors 
a certificate of competency for labor law violations, so that prime 
contractors can be assured that any issues have been reviewed by the 
most trained and appropriate subject matter experts.
    Response: DOL has the most trained and appropriate subject matter 
experts and will provide an assessment of a subcontractor's labor law 
violations. There is no need for the requested certificate of 
competency. The subcontractor is responsible for communicating the 
results of the DOL assessment to the prime. The prime may rely on this 
information in reaching a conclusion as to a subcontractor's 
responsibility. In addition, DOL encourages companies to work with DOL 
and other enforcement agencies to remedy potential problems independent 
of the procurement process so companies can give their full attention 
to the procurement process when a solicitation of interest is issued 
(See DOL Guidance Section VI, Preassessment).
    Comment: One respondent agreed with the FAR Council's proposed 
Supplemental Alternative which required that a contractor's compliance 
with a labor compliance agreement be factored into the evaluation of a 
contractor's performance. The respondent indicated this does not go far 
enough, and should provide that contracting officers and ALCAs must 
consider such compliance and factor it into both the contractor's 
future responsibility reviews and its past performance evaluations. In 
addition, the respondent stated that the contracting officer should not 
be permitted to credit whether the prospective contractor is still in 
good faith negotiating such an agreement as a mitigating factor under 
FAR 22.2004-3(b)(2) or (3)(v) unless such delay is directly attributed 
to specific Government action or inaction. The respondent stated that 
this standard would otherwise provide a disincentive for employers to 
promptly enter into a labor compliance agreement.
    Response: The FAR currently provides a contracting officer with 
broad discretion in determining the suitability of the prime 
contractor. In addition, language has been added to the final rule, as 
described in the summary of this section, to include consideration of 
labor law violations in past performance evaluations (see FAR 
42.1502(j)).
    Comment: Respondents objected to the requirement that contractors 
must disclose labor law decision information every six months during 
the life of the contract for the Government to evaluate whether 
contract performance under an existing contract should continue, and 
contended that this would be akin to a determination of 
nonresponsibility. They asserted that current FAR requirements do not 
provide that the Government will automatically terminate an existing 
contract when there has been a violation, even where the violation has 
led to a debarment or suspension of the contractor. Indeed, Government 
contacts generally continue. Respondents noted that a process that 
disrupts a contract that is being properly and timely performed would 
hinder the Government's ability to carry out its mission. They 
suggested that the approach embodied in the proposed rule marks a 
significant shift in how the Government procurement process operates, 
and that such a fundamental shift is neither required nor justified to 
implement the E.O. and may lead to legal action.
    Response: FAR 52.222-59(b) requires the contractor to update 
disclosed labor law decision information. An update of the contractor's 
information does not automatically result in a decision by the 
contracting officer to terminate the contract. Rather, the updated 
information is considered by the contracting officer in making contract 
decisions such as whether contract remedies are warranted or whether to 
exercise an option (see FAR 22.2004-3(b)(4)). This is consistent with 
current practice and no change to the rule is warranted.
b. Alternatives for Implementation of Disclosures That Were Not 
Presented in the Proposed Rule
    Comment: A respondent suggested using existing disclosure and 
reporting requirements in the FAR to satisfy requirements under the 
E.O.
    Response: The existing FAR does not require disclosure and 
reporting requirements for the fourteen labor laws and equivalent State 
laws in the E.O. The E.O. addresses more than just disclosure and 
reporting requirements; for clarity, the Councils have

[[Page 58580]]

determined to implement the E.O. through a separate subpart in the FAR, 
consistent with how the Councils have implemented other statutes and 
E.O.s of this scale.
    Comment: A respondent recommended limiting the rule's disclosure 
and reporting requirements for subcontracts only to first-tier 
subcontracts, as defined at FAR 52.204-10, in order to avoid 
application to a contractor's supplier agreements with vendors. This 
change would exempt long term arrangements for materials or supplies 
that benefit multiple contracts and/or related costs that are normally 
applied to a contractor's general and administrative expenses or 
indirect costs.
    Response: The Councils decline to limit applicability of disclosure 
and reporting requirements to only first-tier subcontracts, as that 
term is defined in FAR 52.204-10. In addition, the Councils decline to 
exclude long-term supplier agreements. The E.O. provides no exclusion 
for lower-tier subcontracts, for non-COTS items, or for supplier 
agreements. However, the exemption for COTS items, and the $500,000 and 
above threshold, should minimize the number of supplier agreements with 
small businesses that are covered by the E.O.
    Comment: A respondent stated that contractors should be required to 
obtain a responsibility recommendation from DOL concerning 
subcontractors prior to making a subcontractor responsibility 
determination.
    Response: DOL, as an enforcement agency, does not perform 
responsibility determinations or make recommendations on the 
responsibility determination. DOL makes assessments of labor law 
violations to inform the contractor's consideration of such information 
when the contractor is making its subcontractor responsibility 
determinations (FAR 52.222-59(c)(4)(ii)). The final rule, like the 
proposed rule, provides at FAR 52.222-59(e) that the prime contractor 
may consult with DOL for advice, as appropriate, regarding assessment 
of subcontractor labor law violation information.
    Comment: A respondent requested that the Councils establish new 
affirmative prequalification procedures, or affirmative job-to-job 
certification standards, for bidders and subcontractors on contracts 
valued at more than $500,000, that will require offerors to attest that 
they do not have any of the labor law violations specified by the E.O. 
in order to qualify to bid or participate on a project. The respondent 
commented that the disclosure provisions will not effectively remove 
contractors with substantial histories of labor law violations from the 
Federal procurement process.
    Response: The Councils view the proposed disclosure provisions as 
sufficiently rigorous. Having a labor law violation is not an automatic 
bar from doing business with the Government. The information disclosed 
will be assessed in accordance with the requirements of this rule and 
the contracting officer is responsible for making a determination of 
responsibility before awarding a contract.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern about subcontractor 
monitoring by higher-tier contractors and recommended that contractors 
be required to submit all disclosure information received from 
potential subcontractors to the contracting officer, who, in 
consultation with the ALCA, should assess the subcontractor's 
responsibility as part of the assessment of the prime. Otherwise, the 
respondent stated, there would be almost no Government oversight of 
subcontractors' compliance with labor laws.
    Response: The final rule has been revised to require subcontractors 
at all tiers to disclose labor law decisions to DOL, so that 
contractors can obtain the advice of DOL on labor law decisions (and 
mitigating factors and remedial measures) in formulating subcontractor 
responsibility decisions. The Councils do not support requiring the 
submission of all labor law violations regarding subcontractors to the 
contracting officer, as the prime contractor is responsible for 
determining subcontractor responsibility (see FAR 9.104-4(a)).
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the 3-year reporting period 
be changed to a less-burdensome, rolling 12-month period under which 
contractors would be required to report only labor law violations 
occurring within the preceding 12 months which are serious, repeated, 
willful and pervasive.
    Response: As stated in the summary, the reporting period for 
disclosing decisions relating to violations of labor laws is being 
phased in; the period begins on October 25, 2015 and runs to the date 
of the offer, or for three years preceding the offer, whichever period 
is shorter.
    Comment: A respondent recommended a ``fast-track'' approach for low 
risk violations that would not activate the E.O.'s remedial process and 
would permit contracting officer discretion to proceed with a 
responsibility determination for matters that properly fit into the low 
risk categories. This approach could involve consulting the ALCA, but 
without the remedial process being activated.
    Response: Violations must undergo the analysis process to determine 
whether they are low-risk. The process in the final rule requires the 
ALCA to assess the labor law violations; the contracting officer 
considers the ALCA's analysis. No revisions are necessary.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concerns about the proposed rule 
being applied retroactively to existing contracts. One respondent 
recommended that the rule prohibit retroactive application of the rule 
through modification of existing contracts, including multiple year 
IDIQ contracts with less than 3 years remaining, and prohibit 
contracting officers from making option exercise contingent on 
agreement to adopt new clauses.
    Response: The rule will not apply to existing contract options for 
contracts which do not contain the FAR 52.222-59 clause. As discussed 
in the summary, the Councils have implemented a phase-in of contract 
and subcontract disclosure requirements. Neither the E.O. nor the final 
rule provides for retroactive application of the disclosure 
requirements to existing contracts. Companies will be brought into the 
labor law decision disclosure process with their first new contract 
issued after this rule is effective. There is no need for the Councils 
to make the rule applicable to contracts awarded before the rule, nor 
is it necessary to risk voiding the Government's right to exercise a 
unilateral option by attempting to add these clauses to an existing 
contract. No changes to the final rule are necessary. The Councils note 
that companies with a basic disregard for labor laws, without a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, may be found 
nonresponsible, whether or not the disclosure process is in effect.
c. Recommendations for Use of Existing Data or Employing Existing 
Remedies
    Comment: A respondent, echoing the view of many of respondents, 
suggested using existing reporting and disclosure systems and processes 
instead of creating new ones. The respondent commented that the 
proposed rule is unnecessary to meet the Government's stated objectives 
of economy and efficiency in procurement because the Government has 
procedures already in place to ensure that it contracts only with 
responsible parties, which include the consideration of labor law 
violations. The respondent stated that the proposed reporting and 
disclosure

[[Page 58581]]

requirements will duplicate information already in the Government's 
possession thus placing a reporting burden on contractors that 
outweighs the benefits. Several respondents suggested that Federal 
agencies use existing, adequate suspension and debarment processes to 
root out bad firms rather than create a new and burdensome regulatory 
scheme for that purpose.
    Response: DOL's existing systems were established in the past for a 
different purpose and do not satisfy the current needs of the 
Government in meeting the objectives of the E.O. As explained in the 
Preamble to DOL's Guidance, DOL and other enforcement agencies are 
actively working to upgrade their current tracking systems for use by 
the Government in compiling and maintaining enforcement data and 
contractor-disclosed data for purposes of implementation of the E.O. 
Enforcement agency databases do not and will not collect labor law 
decision data on arbitral awards or decisions or civil judgments in 
private litigation. Thus, disclosure of labor law decisions 
contemplated under the E.O. will necessarily include some level of 
disclosure by contractors. Like all information collections, the 
collections established to meet the requirements of this final rule 
will be reviewed periodically and revised accordingly when Government 
systems are better able to meet the terms of the E.O. See the RIA for 
discussion on costs and benefits of the rule. Also see Section III.B.1. 
of this publication and DOL Preamble Section V, paragraph D(1), which 
discusses the explanation for the E.O. meeting the stated objectives of 
increasing economy and efficiency.
    Comment: A number of respondents objected to the proposed 
disclosure and reporting requirements as unnecessary because DOL and 
other agencies already have the authority to take action against 
violators and track violators. These respondents commented that the 
proposed rule would shift the burden and expense traditionally borne by 
the Government to Federal contractors and subcontractors, and asserted 
that private and public resources should not be spent filing the 
proposed reports when the Government already has sufficient data on 
whether offerors have labor law violations. A respondent commented: (1) 
The protections sought by the proposed rule already exist in statutes 
and regulations that contain civil and/or criminal penalties for 
contractors who violate the labor laws and prevent egregious violators 
from receiving contracts, referencing the FLSA, the OSH Act, Title VII 
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the debarment authority of labor 
laws such as the Service Contract Act (SCA) and the Davis-Bacon Act 
(DBA); (2) the Councils could dispense with the proposed contractor 
reporting system and instead improve the Government's information 
collection and dissemination mechanisms and processes because the 
agencies which enforce the labor laws listed in the E.O. already 
possess the information that contractors would be required to report 
and the current process will work more efficiently at a fraction of the 
cost of the proposed rule; and (3) contracting agencies can gather 
information about a contractor's Federal labor law compliance history 
by visiting DOL's Web site and the federal courts' public access 
docketing viewer (commonly referred to as ``PACER'').
    Response: The response to the prior comment addresses the limits of 
utilizing the existing enforcement agency system capabilities versus 
requiring contractor disclosure. See also the discussion of economy and 
efficiency and authority challenges at Section III.B.1. of this 
publication.
    Comment: Several respondents indicated that the Government has 
FAPIIS for compiling contractor data for purposes of informed 
responsibility determinations based on a contractor's satisfactory 
record of integrity and business ethics, which includes provisions 
allowing agencies to impose exclusions for labor law violations. 
Respondents noted that it is a robust system for determining whether to 
award contracts to entities, including the discretion not to award a 
contract if the entity has an unsatisfactory labor record. Respondents 
pointed out that the rule should focus on modifications and 
improvements to those Federal systems, rather than impose a reporting 
requirement on Federal contractors.
    Response: The E.O. provides a mechanism, implemented in this final 
rule, for contracting officers and contractors to gain access to labor 
law decision information of offerors and prospective subcontractors, 
including mitigating factors and remedial information, so that it may 
be considered when making responsibility determinations of offerors and 
subcontractors. This information is not otherwise available.
    Comment: A respondent stated the proposed rule confuses contracting 
officers' authority to make determinations of responsibility with 
Governmentwide exclusion determinations made by suspension and 
debarment officials, causing duplication of roles and inconsistent 
treatment under labor laws. The respondent stated that by giving 
contracting officers tasks that belong to suspension and debarment 
officials, the proposed rule is inconsistent, incompatible, and 
duplicative of existing systems, and undermines the fairness and due 
process protections established within the suspension and debarment 
process.
    Response: A contracting officer finding of nonresponsibility 
relates to the contractor's capability of performing a particular 
procurement. In contrast, the suspension and debarment process is based 
upon the conclusion that a contractor is so lacking in integrity or 
business ethics such that no contract award is in the Government's 
interest. The Councils do not consider a change to be necessary.
    Comment: Many respondents commented that the existing, proven 
suspension and debarment system should be used in response to 
contractors who have serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive labor 
law violations instead of creating an overly burdensome and costly 
additional process. Respondents stated: (1) It is fairer to allow a 
negative Federal contracting determination only according to the 
established due process-protected procedures found in the suspension 
and debarment process; and (2) Federal labor law and Federal 
procurement practices already strongly support not awarding Federal 
contracts to employers who deny workers basic rights and Federal 
agencies have sufficient authority with suspension and debarment-
exclusion practices.
    Response: While the Councils agree that suspension and debarment is 
an appropriate remedy in certain instances when labor law violations 
occur, it may not be the appropriate vehicle to be used in most 
instances of contractor labor law violations. A contractor may be able 
to enter into a labor compliance agreement or otherwise remedy its 
labor law violations, and still be eligible for future awards.
    The final rule also provides that when a contractor discloses labor 
law decisions, when being considered for contract award, it has the 
opportunity to provide remedial measures and mitigating factors for 
Government consideration.
    The final rule also provides that the ALCA or the contracting 
officer may notify agency suspending and debarring officials.
d. Alternatives Suggested for the Threshold for Dollar Coverage for 
Prime Contracts
    The disclosure of labor law decisions by prime contractors applies 
to prime contracts over $500,000; see FAR 22.2007(a) and (c) and 
52.212-3(s). For

[[Page 58582]]

paycheck transparency, the application is also to prime contracts over 
$500,000; see FAR 22.2007(d). For arbitration, the application for 
prime contracts is over $1,000,000 for other than commercial items; see 
FAR 22.2007(e).
    Comment: Some respondents stated that the $500,000 applicability 
threshold is too low and will slow down the contracting process for 
both the Government and prime contractors, have a disparate impact on 
small business, and should be modified. In contrast, other respondents 
believed the individual contract threshold of $500,000 is too high. One 
wanted more contracts covered to highlight the importance of safety 
issues. Another respondent cautioned that contractors with significant 
labor law violations but no single contract or subcontract over the 
$500,000 threshold will be exempted from the intent of the E.O.
    Response: The $500,000 threshold is explicitly stated in the E.O. 
Lowering the threshold would further increase the burden on the public. 
Raising the threshold would eliminate a significant number of 
prospective contractors and subcontractors from application of the E.O.
    Comment: Respondents commented on the applicability of the rule to 
task and delivery orders and Federal Supply Schedules (FSS), 
Governmentwide Acquisition Contracts (GWACs), and Multi-agency 
Contracts (MACs). One suggested that the rule clarify that it does not 
apply to the award of task orders and delivery orders. Another asked 
whether the required notices in FAR 52.222-59(c) and (d) would go to 
the agency with the contract, or the agency that issued the order.
    Response: While the value of expected task and delivery orders may 
be relevant for the ``estimated value'' of a base contract for the 
purpose of reaching the relevant dollar threshold (e.g., $500,000), the 
issuing of an individual task or delivery order does not independently 
trigger any of the E.O.'s requirements. Requirements of the 
solicitation provision FAR 52.222-57 will apply to solicitations for 
new base contracts, including indefinite-delivery contracts, FSS, 
GWACs, and MACs. Representations and disclosures required at the time 
of determination of responsibility will occur prior to the base 
contract awards. Representations and disclosures required at the time 
of determination of responsibility are not required again when a task 
or delivery order is awarded against an indefinite-delivery base 
contract. Existing base contracts that do not contain the FAR subpart 
22.20 requirements are not subject to the disclosure requirements of 
this rule; this includes those existing base contracts that pre-date 
the effective date of the disclosure requirements, but which may have 
subsequent task and delivery orders issued after the effective date of 
the disclosure requirements. This practice is standard for application 
of clauses in the FAR. If the FAR were to specify this practice in one 
part or subpart, it would create an ambiguity on overall applicability. 
Therefore, no clarification is needed to the rule. The disclosures 
required by FAR 52.222-59(c)(5) and (d)(4) are made to the contracting 
officer for the base contract. Existing contractors gradually will be 
brought under the rule's requirements as new contracts are awarded.
e. Threshold for Subcontracts
    The disclosure of labor law decisions by subcontractors applies to 
subcontracts over $500,000 for other than COTS items; see FAR 52.222-58 
and 52.222-59(g). For paycheck transparency, the application is also to 
subcontracts over $500,000 for other than COTS; see FAR 52.222-60(f). 
For arbitration, the application is to subcontracts over $1,000,000 for 
other than commercial items; see FAR 52.222-61.
    Comment: Some respondents stated that subcontracts for commercial 
items and COTS should not be exempt from the labor law decision 
disclosure requirements of the rule, because COTS and commercial item 
subcontractors are just as prone to labor law violations, and that this 
exemption will weaken the rule. On the other hand, some respondents 
believed that subcontracts for commercial items should be exempt in the 
same manner subcontracts for COTS items are.
    Response: The E.O. limited the subcontractor disclosure exemption 
to COTS in order to balance the objectives of the E.O. with minimizing 
the burden it places on contractors. The Councils agree that this 
approach is an appropriate balance and no change is made to the rule.
    Comment: One respondent objected to the COTS exemption for 
subcontracts under paycheck transparency (FAR 52.222-60) and the 
commercial item exemption for arbitration (FAR 52.222-61).
    Response: The E.O. restricted the subcontractor disclosure 
exemption to COTS in order to balance the objectives of the E.O. with 
minimizing the burden it places on contractors. The Councils agree that 
this approach is an appropriate balance and no change is made to the 
rule.
    Comment: Some respondents stated that applicability of the rule to 
subcontractors should not be delayed.
    Response: Providing a phase-in period for subcontractors will allow 
both prime contractors and Government personnel to understand the new 
requirements, develop processes, and focus resources needed for 
execution. Therefore the Councils have adopted a one year phased 
implementation approach (see introductory summary in Section III.B.2.a. 
above), whereby initial implementation applies to prime contractors, 
later followed by subcontractors.
    Comment: Several respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
were concerned about the effects that applicability of the rule may 
have on small businesses. They suggested applicability to subcontracts 
be minimized, for example, by raising the threshold from $500,000 to 
$1,000,000, and indexing it to inflation.
    Response: The E.O. considered impacts to small businesses and by 
design has taken steps to minimize the burden on small businesses, by 
exempting the majority of Federal contract awards to small businesses, 
namely, contracts valued under $500,000 and subcontracts for COTS 
items. Therefore, no change is being made to the rule.
    41 U.S.C. 1908 provides for inflation indexing; however, that 
statute does not provide for increasing E.O. thresholds.
f. Applicability to Prime Contracts for Commercial Items
    For prime contractors the disclosure of labor law decisions and 
coverage of paycheck transparency do not exclude contracts for 
commercial items or COTS. For arbitration, the application for prime 
contracts excludes contracts for commercial items. See prescriptions at 
FAR 22.2007, and see 52.212-3.
    Comment: Respondents expressed opposition to the rule, claiming 
that the exemption for COTS subcontracts should be extended to COTS 
prime contracts. In the respondents' view, applying the rule to prime 
contractors may drive commercial companies out of the Federal 
marketplace, particularly nontraditional, innovative suppliers. Some 
respondents would expand the exemption to all contracts for commercial 
items.
    Others expressed the view that the final rule should not contain an 
exemption for COTS or for commercial item contracts. In their view, the 
quality of responsibility determinations should not depend on the type 
of item being purchased.

[[Page 58583]]

    Response: The E.O. considered impacts to contractors and 
subcontractors who provide commercial items and COTS. The E.O. limited 
the COTS exemption to subcontractor disclosure, in order to minimize 
the burden it places on subcontractors, while still meeting the 
objectives of the E.O. The E.O.'s approach is an appropriate balance in 
applying the exception for COTS to subcontractors and not to prime 
contractors.
    Comment: A respondent pointed out that the Federal Acquisition 
Streamlining Act of 1984 (FASA) was designed to make Federal contracts 
for commercial items more consistent with their commercial counterparts 
in order to encourage the commercial entities to enter the Federal 
marketplace and the Government to purchase more commercial items. 
Citing section 8002 of FASA, the respondent pointed out that 
``contracts for the acquisition of commercial items must include only 
those clauses that are required to implement provisions of law or 
executive orders applicable to acquisitions of commercial items or that 
are determined to be consistent with customary commercial practice to 
the maximum extent practicable.'' Noting that the FAR contains similar 
requirements, the respondent inferred that the E.O. is inconsistent 
with statute to the extent it ``deters commercial item contractors from 
participating in the Government market.''
    Response: The E.O.'s goal is to contract with responsible parties 
who have a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics; this 
is consistent with commercial practices. While there are aspects of the 
rule that fall outside customary commercial practices (e.g., 
disclosures of labor law violations), its provisions and clauses fall 
within FAR 12.301(a)(1) as ``[r]equired to implement provisions of law 
or executive orders applicable to the acquisition of commercial 
items.'' The E.O. was intended to cover commercial item contracts; it 
specifically exempted COTS subcontracts but not commercial item 
contracts. As a result, the Councils find the inclusion of the 
provisions and clauses consistent with law, regulation, and the E.O.
g. Miscellaneous Public Comments Concerning Alternatives
    Comment: Some respondents wanted to retain the disclosure 
requirement for labor law violations occurring on nonGovernment work. 
Other respondents wanted coverage limited to work under Government 
contracts or to business units that do business with the Government. 
Their rationale for coverage limited to Government contracts was that 
if the reported labor law violations relate to performance under a 
Government contract, these matters may be properly addressed under 
applicable FAR subpart 42.15, Past performance information; there is no 
need to impose redundant reporting obligations. Additionally, if the 
reported labor law violations do not relate to past performance under a 
Government contract, they reasoned that such information would not 
necessarily be relevant to a contractor's or subcontractor's ability to 
successfully perform a specific Government contract, and consideration 
should instead be determined in accordance with the established 
suspension and debarment procedures set out in FAR subpart 9.4.
    Response: The rule covers the legal entity's full record, including 
private sector work. The particular information that a contracting 
officer may need to make a responsibility determination will be 
specific to the circumstances of a given contract. Rather than 
predetermine what information a contracting officer must use, the rule 
provides the information that will allow a contracting officer to make 
a considered responsibility determination.
    Violations of the labor laws listed in Section 2 of the E.O., 
particularly in instances where the violations are serious, repeated, 
willful, and/or pervasive, may specifically affect whether a contractor 
has a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, and may 
also negatively impact a contractor's ability to meet other standards 
established in FAR 9.104-1. There is a direct nexus between labor law 
violations and whether a contractor has a ``satisfactory record of 
integrity and business ethics'' as required by FAR 9.104-1(d). See, 
e.g., Gen. Painting Co., B-219449, Nov. 8, 1985, 85-2 CPD ] 530.
    This nexus is explicitly cited in the E.O. at Section 2(a)(iii): 
``In consultation with the agency's Labor Compliance Advisor, 
contracting officers shall consider the information provided . . . in 
determining whether an offeror is a responsible source that has a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics. . . .'' Further, 
as stated in Section 1 of the E.O., the President has concluded that 
``[c]ontractors that consistently adhere to labor laws are more likely 
to have workplace practices that enhance productivity and increase the 
likelihood of timely, predictable, and satisfactory delivery of goods 
and services to the Federal Government. Helping executive departments 
and agencies . . . to identify and work with contractors with track 
records of compliance will reduce execution delays and avoid 
distractions and complications that arise from contracting with 
contractors with track records of noncompliance.''
    Satisfactory record of performance and ability to comply with the 
required delivery or performance schedule are expressly included among 
the list of standards in FAR 9.104-1, which a prospective contractor 
shall meet to be determined responsible.
    The E.O. provides that, in making a responsibility determination 
prior to award, the contracting officer should consider all reported 
labor law violations in determining whether a prospective contractor is 
a responsible source that has a satisfactory record of integrity and 
business ethics. This consideration should not be limited only to 
reported violations that have occurred during the performance of prior 
Federal Government contracts, but should also include violations that 
have occurred outside the performance of Federal Government contracts. 
Consideration of all reported labor law violations, whether related to 
Federal contracts or not, provides insight into how the prospective 
contractor will perform during a future Government contract. Evidence 
of a prospective contractor's past labor law decisions concerning labor 
law violations is a basis to inquire into that contractor's potential 
for satisfactory labor law compliance; furthermore, how the prospective 
contractor has handled past violations is indicative of how it will 
handle future violations. When a prospective contractor has a record of 
noncompliance with labor laws, the contracting officer should consider 
the impact that likely future noncompliance will have in terms of the 
agency resources that will be required to monitor the contractor's 
workplace practices. Also see discussion in Section III.B.1.b. above.
    Comment: Several respondents recommended that the rule provide an 
exemption or other mechanism for a prime contractor to enter into a 
contract with a subcontractor, notwithstanding its labor law violation 
history, in the case of contingency, urgency, compelling need, or an 
agency-directed subcontract.
    Response: The rule requires contractors to consider a prospective 
subcontractor's labor law decision information as part of its 
responsibility determination, but it does not preclude a contractor 
proceeding with a determination in the case of contingency, urgency, or 
compelling need, even if the subcontractor has labor

[[Page 58584]]

law violations. The FAR text at 52.222-59(c)(2), (c)(5) and (c)(6) has 
been revised to reflect how some of these circumstances may be handled.
    Comment: A respondent recommended creation of an exemption, for 
urgent needs, to the rule's requirement for contracting officers to 
consult with labor compliance advisors.
    Response: There is no need for an exemption for urgent needs 
because under the existing rule text, the contracting officer can set 
the timeframe for an ALCA's response and absent a response can move 
forward with a responsibility determination (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(2) 
and (b)(5)(iii)).
    Comment: Respondents commented that the reporting requirement for 
initial and subsequent semiannual reporting conflicts with information 
restrictions associated with classified contracts. They recommended 
that the rule be revised to accommodate classified contracts, and that 
public comments be requested on this issue. The recommendation was to 
protect information relating to classified contracts, and classified 
information. Respondents pointed out that sometimes the identity of the 
contracting agency and the contractor are classified, and that the 
issue can arise at prime and subcontract levels.
    Response: The rule does not compel the disclosure of classified 
information.
3. Requirements for Disclosures of Labor Law Decisions
    Introductory Summary: The Councils received a number of comments 
related to disclosures associated with the proposed rule. Particular 
comments related to scope of information provided, potential liability, 
need for disclosure, public availability of information, semiannual 
updates, and reporting entity, among others.
    The Councils recognize the E.O. and final rule contain a range of 
new requirements for contractors, subcontractors, and the Government. 
As such, the Councils have been mindful in attempting to minimize 
impacts while meeting the objectives of the E.O.
    In response to the comments, the Councils have:
     Clarified in the final rule at FAR 52.222-59(b) that the 
semiannual update does not have to be accomplished on a contract-by-
contract basis.
     Clarified in the final rule at FAR 52.222-57(a)(2) that if 
the offeror is a joint venture that is not itself a separate legal 
entity, each concern participating in the joint venture must separately 
comply with the representation and disclosure requirements.
a. General Comments
    Comment: A respondent expressed general support for contractor 
disclosures of labor law violations, stating that the contractor is in 
the best position to furnish complete and accurate records about its 
labor law violations.
    Response: Noted.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that a list of companies (both 
contractors and subcontractors) that have been precleared or cleared in 
prior responsibility determinations and the dates of those clearances 
be made publicly available. The respondent further recommended that a 
list of companies under ongoing responsibility investigations should be 
made publicly available and promptly updated so that worker 
representatives and advocates, community groups, and other relevant 
interested parties may provide input. The respondent indicated that 
such publication would assist contractors in choosing precleared 
subcontractors, enhancing the efficiency and speed of the 
subcontracting approval process.
    Response: The E.O. and the FAR implementation require public 
disclosure of labor law decision information in FAPIIS (i.e., labor law 
violated, case number, date rendered, name of the body that made the 
determination or decision). For each contract or subcontract award, a 
responsibility determination is fact-specific and the assessment of 
integrity and business ethics is but one factor that is taken into 
consideration. A previous finding of responsibility does not indicate 
present responsibility for the particular procurement. As such, the 
Councils decline to adopt a requirement to establish a precleared or 
cleared process for contractors previously found responsible on other 
contracts and make such information publicly available. Nevertheless, 
in accordance with DOL's Guidance, contractors do have the ability to 
address their labor law compliance with DOL, in advance of any 
particular procurement, to enhance the efficiency of the procurement 
process (see DOL Guidance Section VI, Preassessment).
    Comment: Respondents made recommendations to increase transparency 
when prospective contractors were undergoing responsibility 
determinations and investigations so that interested parties could 
provide input. For example, respondents recommended that unions or a 
contractor's employees be permitted to report labor law violations 
directly to a contracting agency. To facilitate such reporting, the 
respondents suggested that a prospective contractor be required to 
notify unions and its employees at a prospective contract performance 
location of the opportunity to report violations and of whistleblower 
protections. Respondents further recommended that a list of companies 
where there are ongoing responsibility investigations be made publicly 
available and promptly updated so that worker representatives and 
advocates, community groups, and other relevant interested parties may 
provide input.
    Response: Sources having knowledge of labor law violation 
information are encouraged to provide it to DOL and the enforcement 
agencies in a timely manner and not wait for agency procurement 
actions. The Councils decline to make such information public as doing 
so is outside the scope of the E.O.
    Comment: Respondents recommended changing the scope of required 
disclosures. Some recommended expanding the disclosures to include 
information such as remedies and number of workers affected. One 
recommended including violations older than three years. Others 
recommended that disclosure not be required for nonfinal, nonmaterial, 
or technical violations, for violations arising on nonGovernment 
projects, or for citations that might be settled or withdrawn.
    Response: Expanding the disclosures to require the submission of 
additional information would create an increased burden on contractors. 
Moreover, contracting officers have an existing duty under the FAR to 
obtain such additional information as may be necessary to be satisfied 
that a contractor has a satisfactory record of integrity and business 
ethics (see FAR 9.104-1(d)), and contractors must provide the labor law 
decision documents to contracting officers upon request (see FAR 
22.2004-2(b)(2)(iii), 52.222-57(d)(1)(ii), 52.222-59(b)(2)).
    Comment: A respondent recommended creating a safe harbor framework 
to permit contractors and subcontractors found not to be responsible 
back into the marketplace.
    Response: Responsibility determinations are conducted on a 
contract-by-contract basis. A finding of nonresponsibility on a 
specific contract does not remove the contractor from the marketplace 
or bar a contractor from bidding on or receiving future contracts. 
Furthermore, the labor law violation information that informs the 
assessment of integrity and business ethics is but one factor that is 
taken into consideration in making a responsibility determination.

[[Page 58585]]

    Comment: A respondent recommended that copies of administrative 
merits determinations, civil judgments, and descriptions of violations 
be available publicly.
    Response: The final rule, consistent with the proposed rule, 
compels public disclosure of certain basic information, i.e., whether 
offerors do or do not have labor law decisions rendered against them 
concerning violations of covered laws, and, for prospective contractors 
being assessed for responsibility, certain basic information about the 
violation. The FAR implementation requires that the basic information 
be input in SAM and be publicly disclosed in FAPIIS. See FAR 52.222-
57(d). Other contractor information submitted to the Government under 
this rule is not automatically available, and release is covered in FAR 
9.105-3, FAR part 24, and agency policies issued pursuant to the 
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). A contractor which submits 
mitigating factors and remedial measure or other explanatory 
information into SAM may determine whether the contractor wants this 
information to be made public. See FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii) and 52.222-
57(d)(1)(iii).
    Comment: Respondents voiced concerns about keeping representations 
current given a long solicitation lead time. For example, a respondent 
observed that contractors would need to update representations right up 
to the award date, which could be several months after the offer date. 
Another respondent commented that contractors will need to update the 
reporting system at the System for Award Management (SAM) so that the 
agencies have the most current information available, which is 
especially important if there is a long gap between offer and award.
    Response: The offeror must notify the contracting officer of an 
update to its representation (see FAR 52.222-57(e)) if the offeror 
learns that its representation is no longer accurate. This means that 
if an offeror represented at FAR 52.222-57(c) that no labor law 
decisions were rendered against it, and since the time of the offer the 
offeror now does have a labor law decision rendered against it, the 
contractor must notify the contracting officer. The reverse is also 
true: If for example, an offeror made an initial representation that it 
has a labor law decision to disclose, and since the time of the offer 
that labor law decision has been vacated by the enforcement agency or a 
court, the contractor must notify the contracting officer. In the 
process of making a responsibility determination, the contracting 
officer may obtain additional information from a contractor in 
accordance with FAR 9.105.
    Comment: Respondents were concerned that the rule would reduce or 
increase contractors' incentive to settle labor citations, e.g., in 
order to attain a favorable responsibility determination.
    Response: The objective of the E.O. is to increase the focus on 
compliance with labor laws. Studies cited in the proposed rule link 
compliance with labor laws to favorable performance. Therefore, it is 
assumed that such consideration may alter certain aspects of contractor 
behavior. With regard to attaining a favorable responsibility 
determination: The assessment of integrity and business ethics is fact-
specific and labor law compliance is but one factor that is taken into 
consideration in making a contractor or subcontractor responsibility 
determination.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that subcontractors be 
permitted to file disclosures of labor law violations directly with the 
Government through SAM.
    Response: SAM registers contractors intending to do business with 
the Federal Government, not their subcontractors. In consideration of 
public comments, the Councils have revised the final rule at FAR 
52.222-59(c) and (d) to incorporate the alternative presented in the 
proposed rule, whereby subcontractors provide their labor law decision 
disclosures to DOL, in lieu of to the prime contractor (see DOL 
Guidance Section V).
b. Semiannual Updates
    Comment: Several respondents recommended that the required labor 
law violation disclosure update reporting be consolidated on an annual 
or semiannual basis, based on a date chosen by the contractor and 
subcontractor. There was concern that contractors holding many covered 
contracts and subcontracts will find themselves gathering information 
and submitting information on a near-constant basis.
    Response: There is no requirement for the information in SAM to be 
updated separately on a contract-by-contract basis. The Councils agree 
that the term ``semiannual'' as used in the proposed rule was subject 
to different interpretations. In the final rule, the Councils clarify 
that contractors have flexibility in establishing the date for the 
semiannual update; they may use the six-month anniversary date of 
contract award, or may choose a different date before that six-month 
anniversary date to achieve compliance with this requirement. In either 
case, the contractor must continue to update it semiannually. 
Registrations in SAM are required to be current, accurate, and complete 
(see FAR 52.204-13). If the SAM registration date is less than six 
months old, this will be evidence to the Government that the required 
representation and disclosure information is updated and the 
requirement is met.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the proposed rule require 
the reporting of the following additional information about 
administrative merits determinations, arbitral awards, or civil 
judgments in the postaward semiannual disclosure updates, in SAM and 
directly to the contracting officer: (a) Labor law violated; (b) docket 
number; (c) name of the adjudicating body; (d) short factual 
description of the violation; (e) remedies imposed including monetary 
amount; (f) number of workers affected; (g) current status of the case; 
(h) copy of the determination, arbitral award, or civil judgment; (i) 
copy of any applicable labor compliance agreement or remediation 
agreement; (j) any notice from DOL advising that the subcontractor 
either has not entered into a labor compliance agreement within a 
reasonable period of time or is not meeting the terms of an existing 
agreement.
    The respondent indicated that requiring the contractor to provide 
such information and documentation directly to the contracting officer 
would enable the ALCA to more efficiently and expeditiously assess the 
contractor's labor law compliance and to recommend appropriate action 
to the contracting officer.
    Response: The scope of the required disclosure is delineated in the 
E.O. The E.O. required DOL to define the terms ``administrative merits 
determination'', ``civil judgment'', and ``arbitral award or 
decision''. The definitions of these terms further delineate the scope 
of required disclosure and the FAR rule adopts these definitions. 
Expanding the disclosures to allow for the submission of additional 
information is outside of the E.O. and DOL Guidance, creates an 
increased burden on contractors, and will additionally complicate the 
review process.
c. Burden of Disclosing Labor Law Decisions
    Comment: Several respondents commented that the proposed rule adds 
unnecessary regulatory burdens and risks that serve as a disincentive 
for companies considering entry into the Federal market or may cause 
companies to leave the Federal market entirely.

[[Page 58586]]

    Response: The Federal procurement process works more efficiently 
and effectively when contractors and subcontractors comply with 
applicable laws, including labor laws. The Councils recognize that 
implementation of the E.O. does have associated disclosure 
requirements, but the final rule is designed to meet the E.O. objective 
of promoting compliance with labor laws while minimizing burden where 
possible.
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
expressed concern that the disclosure process, the frequency of 
disclosures, and review process is very burdensome and costly for all. 
They suggested that the burden could weigh more heavily on the small 
business community. One respondent stated that the onerous reporting 
requirements run counter to the Administration's commitment to reduce 
burden in commercial items acquisitions and recommended that the 
Government streamline the reporting process by exempting commercial 
items.
    Response: The E.O. does not exempt small businesses or commercial 
items, which are significant components of the Federal marketplace. 
However, to minimize burden, the E.O. disclosure requirements are 
limited to contracts over $500,000 and subcontracts over $500,000 other 
than COTS items. This disclosure threshold excludes the vast majority 
of transactions, many of which are set aside and performed by small 
business. Also see the discussion of phase-in at section III.B.2.a. 
above.
    Additionally, the Councils have adopted the alternative approach 
whereby subcontractors provide their labor law decision information 
(and mitigating factors and remedial measures) to DOL and revised FAR 
52.222-59(c) and (d) to incorporate this alternative. This approach 
will further reduce prime contractor burden. The final rule has been 
revised to delete reporting language that specified updates 
``throughout the life of the contract.'' Likewise, to minimize the 
impact of the rule, the Councils clarify that contractors have 
flexibility in establishing the date for the semiannual update; they 
may use the six-month anniversary date of contract award, or may choose 
a different date before that six-month anniversary date to achieve 
compliance with this requirement. In either case, the contractor must 
continue to update the disclosures semiannually.
    The revised language should provide contractors with more 
flexibility for compliance with the semiannual requirement.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that if the rule is 
tailored to mostly exempt small businesses, higher tiered contractors 
will have to absorb all risk related to labor law violations by small 
business suppliers.
    Response: The E.O. disclosure requirements are limited to contracts 
and subcontracts over $500,000. This threshold minimizes the impact and 
burden by exempting contracts and subcontracts under $500,000, but the 
risk level of subcontracting with suppliers with labor law violations 
does not change. Under current practice, higher-tiered subcontractors 
must subcontract with responsible firms and set the terms and 
conditions of their subcontracts.
    Comment: Respondents stated that contractors will have to make 
significant investments to deal with the complexity of complying with 
disclosures. In addition to understanding the various statutes and 
executive orders, contractors will need to master the definitions and 
terminology outlined in the FAR and the DOL Guidance. The respondents 
surmised that contractors will expand their compliance departments and 
much of the expense will get passed on to the Government.
    Response: The Government and contractors will have to establish 
disclosure procedures, processes, practices, and tracking mechanisms 
commensurate with their size and organizational structure. However, 
this information is necessary to provide a clear and accurate picture 
of past labor law violations to comply with the E.O. requirements.
    Comment: Respondents commented that the complexity of the proposed 
rule and new requirements will burden Federal contracting agencies that 
will have to create a new bureaucracy of advisors to counsel 
contracting officers, contractors, and subcontractors on the 
intricacies of the new rules. Respondents noted that each time a 
contractor reports labor law violations, contracting officers will be 
required to make determinations.
    Response: The rule will impose additional requirements on the 
Government. These efforts are necessary to meet the policy objectives 
of the E.O. and to help inform procurement decisions made by the 
contracting officer before contract award and during contract 
performance, and enhance the Government's ability to contract with 
those having a record of integrity and business ethics. DOL will create 
processes that facilitate coordination between ALCAs and DOL, which 
will minimize the burden for agencies by avoiding redundant and 
inconsistent analysis.
    Comment: Many respondents commented that the proposed rule and DOL 
Guidance will create onerous data collection and reporting 
requirements. They expressed that most companies do not have systems in 
place that routinely track whether there have been any administrative 
merits determinations, arbitration decisions, or civil judgments 
against them. In addition, most companies would not track such actions 
because they may not be final and are reversible. These respondents 
remarked that in order to comply, contractors would need to create new 
databases and collection mechanisms, develop new internal policies and 
procedures, and hire and train new personnel to ensure compliance with 
the proposed requirements.
    Response: The Councils recognize that the rule creates reporting 
requirements for which contractors and subcontractors may need to 
establish systems, processes, and procedures, including for primes to 
manage their subcontractors' compliance with the rule's requirements. 
Each contractor and subcontractor will determine the size and 
complexity of the processes, procedures, and tracking and/or collection 
mechanisms necessary to meet its obligations under the rule.
    Comment: Respondents stated that reporting potentially nonfinal 
administrative merits determinations, arbitration decisions, or civil 
judgments under the proposed FAR rule bears no traditional nexus 
between labor law violations and traditional notions of responsibility 
which are for a particular procurement and performance of a Government 
contract. They suggested that narrowing the reporting requirement to 
labor law violations that bear the most relevance would reduce the 
burden for contractors and the Government.
    Response: The E.O. falls well within the established legal bounds 
of presidential directives regarding procurement policy. The 
Procurement Act authorizes the President to craft and implement 
procurement policies that further the statutory goals of that Act and 
of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 1101) of 
promoting ``economy'' and ``efficiency'' in Federal procurement. By 
asking contractors to disclose past labor law decisions the Government 
is better able to determine if the contractor is likely to have 
workplace practices that enhance productivity and increase the 
likelihood of timely, predictable, and satisfactory delivery of goods 
and services to the Federal Government. See,

[[Page 58587]]

e.g., UAW-Labor Employment & Training Corp. v. Chao, 325 F.3d 360, 366 
(D.C. Cir. 2003) (affirming authority of the President under the 
Procurement Act to require Federal contractors, as a condition of 
contracting, to post notices informing workers of certain labor law 
rights). In issuing E.O. 13673, the President explained the broad nexus 
that exists between general compliance with labor laws and economy and 
efficiency:
    Labor laws are designed to promote safe, healthy, fair, and 
effective workplaces. Contractors that consistently adhere to labor 
laws are more likely to have workplace practices that enhance 
productivity and increase the likelihood of timely, predictable, and 
satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the Federal Government. 
Helping executive departments and agencies to identify and work with 
contractors with track records of compliance will reduce execution 
delays and avoid distractions and complications that arise from 
contracting with contractors with track records of noncompliance.
    As explained in the preamble to the proposed FAR rule and the 
preliminary RIA, a number of studies over the years support the 
conclusion that there is a relationship between labor law violations 
and performance problems. These include reports by the GAO, the Senate 
HELP Committee, HUD's Inspector General, the Fiscal Policy Institute, 
and the Center for American Progress.
    See also the discussion at Section III.B.1. above.
    Comment: A respondent commented that the two-step reporting 
approach does not reduce burdens. In this two-step approach, the first 
step comprises a ``yes/no'' representation as to whether a contractor 
has any covered labor law violations, and the second step requires 
disclosure of the details of any violation(s).
    Response: The two-step process is designed to reduce the preaward 
burden by only requiring basic labor law decision information to be 
reported by those for whom a responsibility determination has been 
initiated, rather than by all prospective contractors that answered 
affirmatively in the initial representation.
    Comment: Respondents were concerned that contractors are required 
to disclose labor law violations for the past three years and represent 
accurately, when they had no notice of how past labor law violations 
might be used in the procurement process and had no reason to track 
these violations.
    Response: The Council recognizes the burden that could be 
associated with immediate implementation of a three-year reporting 
period absent appropriate mechanisms to retrieve the information, and 
therefore is phasing in the reporting periods. In order to best enable 
compliance with the rule, the Councils have implemented a number of 
phase-ins for labor law decision disclosure requirements, which are 
discussed in Section III.B.2.a. above.
    Comment: A respondent was concerned that contractor reporting of 
labor law violation information should be directly tied to a 
procurement consideration point (contract award, option exercise) 
rather than set at semiannual intervals. The respondent suggested that 
information not tied to procurement consideration point serves no 
useful purpose.
    Response: The E.O. contemplated the contracting officer having 
information throughout the life of the contract, not at a specific 
procurement consideration point. The final rule, consistent with the 
proposed rule, requires disclosure of labor law decisions prior to a 
finding of responsibility for a contract award, and within six months 
from the last SAM update during performance. The purpose of the 
recurring update is to enable the contracting officer to determine 
whether any action is necessary in light of any updates to disclosures 
or any new decisions disclosed.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that because the proposed 
rule required that contractors report on all tiers of their supply 
chains, the requirement to submit representations of violations with 
each bid or proposal would require the prime contractor to start very 
early to accumulate the information needed to make such a 
representation, or risk that the contractor would be unable to prepare 
and submit a bid or proposal because it has been unable to obtain 
information needed for its representation in a timely manner. Further, 
if and when a contracting officer initiates a responsibility 
determination and requests mitigating information, the contractor (and 
its subcontractors) would need time to respond.
    Response: The E.O. applies to subcontractors at any tier, with 
subcontracts valued at greater than $500,000, except COTS acquisitions. 
Prime contractors are to exercise diligence in selecting responsible 
subcontractors. In an effort to minimize disruption to the procurement 
process, DOL will be available to consult with contractors and 
subcontractors to assist them in fulfilling their obligations under the 
E.O. DOL will be available to contractors and subcontractors for 
preassessment consultations on whether any of their labor law 
violations are potentially problematic, as well as on ways to remedy 
any problems.
    As a matter of clarification, representations are made to the best 
of the offeror's knowledge and belief at the time of an offer. Prime 
and subcontractor representations are separate and distinct. Prime 
contractors represent their own labor law decisions rendered against 
them (see FAR 52.222-57 and 52.222-59(c)(3)). Subcontractor 
representations of whether they have had or have not had labor law 
decisions rendered against them are separately made under the FAR 
52.222-58 provision to prime contractors and the Councils have 
clarified this language at FAR 52.222-58, paragraph (b). If the 
prospective subcontractor responded affirmatively in its 
representation, and a responsibility determination has been initiated 
by the prime contractor, the prospective subcontractor will be directed 
by the prime contractor to disclose its labor law violation information 
to DOL.
    Likewise, prime contractors provide subcontractors an opportunity 
to provide remediating and mitigating information to DOL that the 
subcontractor deems necessary to demonstrate its responsibility.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that risks of an adverse 
responsibility determination are borne by the prime contractor, who 
will be forced to pursue, compile, and update information throughout 
its supply chain in order to effectively manage risk associated with 
ongoing labor compliance reporting.
    Response: As stated in FAR 9.104-4(a), prime contractors are 
responsible for determining the responsibility of their prospective 
subcontractors. This final rule does not change the responsibility 
paradigm. In the final rule, the Councils adopted the alternative 
approach to disclosure whereby prospective subcontractors submit labor 
law violation information directly to DOL rather than the prime 
contractor. This alternative approach reduces burden on the prime 
contractor; it also provides access to DOL's expertise which may reduce 
overall risk.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that the proposed reporting 
is unnecessarily duplicative and disrupts well-established, legally 
protected enforcement mechanisms and highly effective settlement 
processes. As an example, one respondent stated that OSHA maintains 
databases of inspections and citations that contain

[[Page 58588]]

inspection case detail for approximately 100,000 OSHA inspections 
conducted annually. Additionally, accident investigation information is 
provided, including textual descriptions of the accident, and details 
regarding the injuries that may have occurred. Respondents suggested 
that DOL should report on and aggregate existing enforcement data, 
rather than imposing this requirement on contractors. Alternatively, 
DOL should fund its own data collection effort and allow industry to 
input data into that DOL portal.
    Response: This rule does not intend to disrupt existing settlement 
processes in place by DOL or other enforcement agencies. Whenever 
possible, the Government seeks to use and leverage existing databases, 
sources, and systems. As explained in Section III.B.2.c., the existing 
systems of DOL and other enforcement agencies do not satisfy the 
current needs of the Government in meeting the objectives of the E.O. 
DOL and other enforcement agencies are actively working to upgrade 
these systems for use by the Government in compiling and maintaining 
administrative merits determination enforcement data and contractor-
disclosed data for purposes of implementation of the E.O. Enforcement 
agency databases do not and will not collect labor law violation data 
on civil judgments, arbitral awards or decisions. Thus, disclosure of 
labor law violations contemplated under the E.O. will necessarily 
include some level of disclosure by contractors. Therefore, contractors 
and subcontractors are best positioned to provide labor law violation 
information.
    Comment: Respondents stated that the proposed rule shifts a 
significant proportion of the burden of monitoring and enforcing labor, 
workplace safety, and anti-discrimination compliance across multiple 
jurisdictions from the Government agencies responsible for ensuring 
such compliance, namely the DOL and State labor departments, to 
contracting agencies and contractors.
    Response: Neither the E.O. nor the FAR implementation shifts 
enforcement responsibility away from enforcement agencies. The rule 
emphasizes the consideration of labor law violation information as part 
of the contracting officer's and prime contractor's responsibility 
determination process.
d. Risk of Improper Exclusion
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
surmised that the proposed regulation will have adverse impacts 
particularly on small subcontractors; many prime contractors will 
simply avoid contracting with a company that has a violation, rather 
than wait for the outcome of a responsibility determination. A 
respondent raised a concern that a contracting officer faced with 
choosing between an offeror with a ``clean record,'' or an offeror with 
some alleged labor law violations, would likely find it easier to 
select the offeror that does not require a labor law assessment.
    Response: The objective of the E.O. is for prime contractors to 
contract with responsible parties, not to disregard subcontractors with 
labor law violations. To further this objective, the E.O. seeks to help 
contractors--especially those with serious, repeated, willful, and/or 
pervasive violations--come into compliance with labor laws, not to deny 
contracts. Companies with labor law violations will be offered the 
opportunity to receive early guidance on whether those violations are 
potentially problematic and how to remedy any problems. Very minor 
labor law violations do not meet the threshold of serious, willful, 
and/or pervasive, and in most cases a single violation of law may not 
necessarily give rise to a determination of nonresponsibility, 
depending on the nature of the violation (see E.O. Section 4(i) and DOL 
Guidance).
    The final rule has been revised at FAR 22.2004-2(b)(6) to clarify 
that ``disclosure of labor law decisions does not automatically render 
the prospective contractor nonresponsible'' and ``the contracting 
officer shall consider the offeror for contract award notwithstanding 
disclosure of one or more labor law decision(s).'' (Similar language is 
added at FAR 52.222-59(c)(2) regarding subcontractor decisions.) 
Contracting officers consider the totality of circumstances in a 
particular procurement when making responsibility determinations and 
contract award decisions. In doing so, contracting officers have an 
obligation to possess or obtain sufficient information to be satisfied 
that a prospective contractor has met specific standards of 
responsibility. Documents and reports supporting a determination of 
responsibility or nonresponsibility must be included in the contract 
file (see FAR 9.105-2(b)). As explained in Section VI of DOL's 
Guidance, prospective contractors are encouraged to contact DOL for a 
preassessment of labor law violation information.
    Comment: Respondents raised a variety of concerns regarding a 
potential de facto debarment. A respondent stated that the rule would 
increase contractors' incentive to bring protests, as a 
nonresponsibility determination would in essence be a de facto 
debarment. Another concern was contracting officers using one another's 
nonresponsibility determinations without conducting an independent 
assessment. A related concern was that the due process protections of 
FAR subpart 9.4 would be unavailable. A respondent suggested that 
guidance is necessary regarding types of conduct leading to denial of 
contracts.
    Response: The rule does not supplant or modify suspension and 
debarment processes, which, consistent with current regulations, are 
considered in certain extreme cases when previous attempts to secure 
adequate contractor remediation have been unsuccessful, or otherwise to 
protect the Government from harm. Evidence of a prospective 
contractor's past violations of labor laws is a basis to inquire into 
that contractor's potential for satisfactory labor law compliance; 
furthermore, how the prospective contractor has handled past violations 
is appropriately considered as being indicative of how it will handle 
future violations. Under longstanding tenets reflected in FAR subpart 
9.1, contracting officers have the discretion to consider violations of 
law, whether related to Federal contracts or not, for insights into how 
a contractor is likely to perform during a future Government contract. 
These long-standing tenets also hold that determinations regarding a 
prospective contractor's responsibility shall be made by the particular 
contracting officer responsible for the procurement. Requiring that 
decisions be made on a case-by-case basis helps to ensure that actions 
are taken in proper context. While this approach may result in 
different decisions by different contracting officers, steps have been 
taken in the context of this rulemaking that will help to promote 
consistency in assessments of labor law violation information by ALCAs 
and the resultant advisory input to the contracting officers and will 
result in greater certainty for contractors. In particular, ALCAs will 
coordinate with DOL and share their independent analyses for 
consideration by other ALCAs. This collaboration should help to avoid 
inconsistent advice being provided to the contractor from different 
agencies.
    Comment: Respondents identified the due process procedures in the 
FAR regarding suspension and debarment and noted that suspension and 
debarment is a business decision and not for enforcement or punishment.
    Response: The Councils agree. Suspension and debarment is a 
discretionary action, for a finite period of time, to protect the 
Government's interest, which is available for specific

[[Page 58589]]

causes and is invoked in accordance with procedures in FAR subpart 9.4. 
The serious nature of debarment and suspension requires that these 
sanctions be imposed only in the public interest for the Government's 
protection and not for purposes of punishment (FAR 9.402(b)).
    Comment: A respondent commented that, if Congress had intended for 
Federal contracting remedies, such as suspension and debarment, to 
apply to violations of all 14 laws cited in E.O. 13673, Congress would 
have specifically identified this; instead, only two of the statutes in 
the E.O.--the Davis-Bacon Act and the Service Contract Act--identify 
that the suspension and debarment remedy should be available for 
violations.
    Response: Neither the FAR Council's rule nor DOL's Guidance expand 
or change the availability of suspension or debarment as a statutory 
remedy under the FAR or under the labor laws cited in the E.O. Under 
existing FAR subpart 9.4, agencies are given the administrative 
discretion to exercise suspension and debarment to protect the 
Government from harm in doing business with contractors that are not 
responsible sources. The rule requires only that contractors and 
subcontractors disclose certain labor law decisions (and mitigating 
factors and remedial measures) so that this information can be taken 
into account as part of responsibility determinations and for award 
decisions. The rule has been constructed to help contractors come into 
compliance with labor laws, and consideration of suspension and 
debarment is only considered when previous attempts to secure adequate 
contractor remediation have been unsuccessful and to protect the 
Government's interest. The rule provides for a number of mechanisms to 
help contractors come into compliance, including labor compliance 
agreements, that derive from labor enforcement agencies' inherent 
authority to implement labor laws and to work with covered parties to 
meet their obligations under these laws. (See also Section III.B.1. 
above.)
e. Request for Clarification on Scope of the Reporting Entity
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, were 
unclear whether the representation of labor law violation history is 
required for the legal entity signing the offer alone, or if they must 
also represent for related entities, such as parents, subsidiaries, and 
affiliates. Respondents further questioned whether the subcontractor 
representation requirement would encompass supplier agreements or 
arrangements.
    Some respondents recommended expanding what is reported under the 
representation to include the parent, subsidiaries, and affiliates of 
the contractor. Respondents considered this especially important where 
an entity exists less than three years and noted that some contractors 
might use subsidiaries and affiliates to evade reporting requirements. 
One respondent further recommended the reporting entity be expanded to 
also encompass partnerships and joint ventures. Alternatively, a 
respondent indicated that a contractor should be at least required to 
identify its affiliates (parent corporations, subsidiaries) in its 
disclosures.
    Other respondents stated that reporting should be limited to the 
entity performing the contract and recommended against expanding the 
representation and certification requirement. One respondent was 
concerned such an expanded requirement would serve to discourage 
participation and have a negative impact on the number of contractors 
participating in Federal procurement. Another respondent expressed 
concern that such an expansion might lead to an unmanageable volume of 
disclosures. Others, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, were 
concerned with the associated increase in costs and impact on mid or 
small-sized businesses.
    Response: The scope of prime contractor and subcontractor 
representations and disclosures follows general principles and 
practices of the FAR that are the same for other provisions requiring 
representations and disclosures. The requirement to represent and 
disclose applies to the legal entity whose name and address is entered 
on the bid/offer and that will be legally responsible for performance 
of the contract. The Councils decline to expand the scope of the 
representation and disclosure requirement beyond that required in the 
E.O. and existing FAR practices. See the more detailed discussion of 
``legal entity'' in Section III.A.3.a. above.
    As is the current FAR practice, FAR rules are applied (unless 
specifically instructed otherwise) to solicitations from the effective 
date of the rule and are not applied retroactively to pre-existing 
contracts or subcontracts.
    The representation and disclosure requirements of this FAR rule 
apply prospectively to subcontracts containing the provision at FAR 
52.222-58, Subcontractor Responsibility Matters Regarding Compliance 
with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673), and the clause 52.222-59 
Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673). Regarding 
applicability to supplier agreements or arrangements, neither the E.O. 
nor the FAR rule contains an exception for supplier arrangements or 
agreements. However, the exemption for COTS items, and the $500,000 and 
above threshold, should minimize the number of supplier agreements with 
small businesses that are covered by the E.O.
    Comment: Respondents asked for clarification on representation and 
disclosure requirements for companies in a joint venture or other 
teaming arrangement, and stated that it is unclear how companies acting 
jointly as a prime contractor should assess each other or how each 
would be assessed--separately or jointly. One respondent recommended 
the reporting entity encompass partnerships and joint ventures.
    Response: The final rule has been revised to include a 
clarification in the provision at FAR 52.222-57 that if the offeror is 
a joint venture that is not itself a separate legal entity, each 
concern participating in the joint venture must separately comply with 
the representation and disclosure requirements. A joint venture that is 
a separate legal entity will be treated as a separate legal entity. A 
teaming arrangement that is a prime contractor with subcontractor will 
represent and disclose separately as a prime contractor and as a 
subcontractor. Labor law decisions that are represented and disclosed 
will be considered for the concern that made the disclosure.
4. Labor Law Decision Disclosures as Relates to Prime Contractors
    Introductory Summary: The FAR Council received considerable 
comments addressing disclosure of labor law decisions. There was 
general support of a process by which contractors and subcontractors 
may consult with DOL and other enforcement agencies to receive early 
guidance on whether labor law violations are potentially problematic, 
and to receive assistance and an opportunity to remedy problems prior 
to a particular procurement. Some respondents said that public access 
to contractor disclosures will foster increased compliance with labor 
laws, while other respondents expressed concern about public access and 
safeguarding of information disclosed by contractors. The FAR Council 
received comments on the type of documents and information that should 
be disclosed by contractors; comments for and against reporting by 
third parties of labor law violations; and comments

[[Page 58590]]

with respect to contractor reliance on representations, information, 
and documents submitted by subcontractors.
a. General Comments
    Comment: Respondents requested that the rule clarify that 
contractors, prior to particular procurements, have access to a 
``preclearance'' process for consulting with DOL concerning their labor 
law violation history, and that contracting officers could accept DOL's 
recommendations in making a responsibility determination.
    Response: The availability of DOL for consultation, prior to a 
contractor responding to a solicitation, is not addressed in the FAR 
text, which generally focuses on requirements invoked by clauses and 
provisions in solicitations. However, DOL's Guidance (Section VI 
Preassessment) includes information about the process by which 
contractors and subcontractors can consult with DOL and other 
enforcement agencies for assistance. Specifically, contractors and 
subcontractors are encouraged to receive early guidance on whether 
violations are potentially problematic, as well as avail themselves of 
the opportunity to remedy any problems. DOL's assessment, even if made 
prior to a particular procurement, is available to contracting officers 
through ALCAs for consideration during responsibility determination.
b. Public Display of Disclosed Information
    Comment: Several respondents provided inputs on the benefits and 
drawbacks of public display of disclosed information. Some respondents 
recommended that the Government should make the disclosed information 
publicly available. One respondent indicated that public availability 
would foster increased compliance with labor laws, as well as increase 
third-party awareness. On the other hand, some respondents contended 
that public disclosure of information provided at the prime or 
subcontractor level could harm the contractor's business and 
reputation, lead to more protests, and inadvertently expose 
confidential, sensitive, and classified information. Respondents stated 
that if information must be made publicly available, it should be 
limited to final determinations.
    Response: At the prime contract level, the final rule requires the 
public disclosure of prospective contractors' representation whether 
they have labor law decisions concerning violations of covered labor 
laws rendered against them within the last three years (phased-in, see 
Section III.B. 2.a. above) and, for prospective contractors being 
assessed for responsibility, certain basic information about the 
violation (i.e., the law violated, docket number, date, name of the 
body that made the determination or decision). Disclosure of the 
representation and of the basic information about the labor law 
decisions will be made publicly available in FAPIIS. The rule does not 
provide for public disclosure of remedial and mitigating information 
the prospective contractor deems necessary to demonstrate its 
responsibility, unless the contractor determines that it wants the 
information to be made public. See FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii) and 52.222-
57(d)(1)(iii). Concerning the decisions themselves, the rule limits 
publicly disclosed information to specified data elements in order for 
the Government to obtain copies of the decision documents; the rule 
does not require disclosure to the public of the decision documents 
themselves. These decision documents will be available for ALCAs and 
will not reside in SAM or FAPIIS.
    Comment: Respondents believed that the Government should provide 
for protections to safeguard personal, corporate, and confidential 
information; information relating to classified contracts or 
subcontracts; personally identifiable and business proprietary 
information; and information disclosed by contractors during the 
bidding process and during the life of the contract. One respondent in 
particular recommended that the FAR Council draft guidelines for 
internal handling of contractor-provided information and provide 
appropriate protections from disclosure under FOIA.
    Response: Executive agencies each have procedures in place for the 
handling and safeguarding of sensitive but unclassified information; 
additional procedures are not necessary.
    All public requests for information will be handled under FAR part 
24, Protection of Privacy and Freedom of Information, as usual. The 
data elements at FAR 52.222-57 (d)(1)(iii) (e.g., mitigating factors) 
will be included in SAM and available to contracting officers and the 
registrant, but will not be publicly disclosed in FAPIIS unless the 
Contractor determines that it wants this information to be public. The 
rule does not alter the current FAR procedures for classified contracts 
(see FAR subpart 4.4).
    Comment: Respondents believed that the Government should provide a 
means for the contractor that provided the information to redact 
confidential business information before it appears on SAM or FAPIIS.
    Response: The rule does not provide for confidential business 
information to be included on SAM or FAPIIS. The basic information 
disclosed about the decision (e.g., the labor law violated, the case 
number) is not confidential business information and will appear in 
FAPIIS. The contractor may redact any mitigating information provided 
at the discretion of the contractor into the SAM database or directly 
to the contracting officer. The contracting officer may inquire if the 
contracting officer needs to know the redacted information.
    Comment: One respondent requested that the prime contractor be made 
to safeguard the subcontractor's information in the same manner as the 
Government is responsible for handling the prime contractor's 
information.
    Response: The laws that govern the protection of information shared 
by the prime contractor with the Government (e.g., FOIA) do not apply 
to protection of information shared between contractors, such as a 
subcontractor sharing its information with the prime contractor. 
However, as a matter of good business practice, many private parties 
negotiate protections. This is a matter between the parties.
    Comment: Respondents discussed concerns that as a result of the 
rule, FOIA-related legal proceedings would increase, which would delay 
the procurement process and significantly adversely impact the 
efficiency of Government contracting. Reasons cited for the 
respondents' concerns included: Increased exposure of contractor-
proprietary or competition-sensitive data, increased FOIA requests, and 
``reverse FOIA appeals'' whereby contractors seek to protect 
contractor-proprietary or competition-sensitive information. The 
respondents cautioned that responding to FOIA requests will require 
considerable Government administrative time and personnel to retrieve 
relevant information, review and issue decisions, and litigate appeals 
at the agency level or in Federal court.
    Response: The rule requires limited information about labor law 
decisions to be disclosed to the Government by contractors; however, 
the general rules for Government disclosure to the public are not 
changed as a result of the rule. The Councils acknowledge that handling 
FOIA requests can absorb Government time. However, FOIA requests are 
handled independently of procurements and do not typically delay 
procurements.
c. Violation Documents
    Comment: Respondents stated that the proposed rule should require 
that more

[[Page 58591]]

than just ``basic information'' about violations be made publicly 
available in the FAPIIS database. Respondents advocated for the public 
availability of the actual labor law violation documents, contractor-
provided mitigation or remedial information (including settlement 
agreements and labor compliance agreements), the ALCA's analysis, and 
the contracting officer's resultant determination.
    Response: The rule requires offerors to provide basic information 
on labor law decisions (such as the law violated, case number, date 
rendered, and name of the body that made the determination or 
decision). Disclosure of this basic information about the labor law 
decisions will be made publicly available in FAPIIS. If a labor 
compliance agreement is entered into by a contractor, this information 
will be entered by the Government into FAPIIS.
    Comment: Respondents identified pros and cons of allowing labor law 
violation reporting by third parties, such as employees, their 
representatives, fair contracting compliance organizations, labor-
management cooperation committees, community groups, labor 
organizations, worker centers, and other worker rights organizations.
    Some respondents advocated for allowing reporting of relevant 
information by third parties if they have information that contractors 
may not have properly disclosed relevant information. A respondent 
asserted that worker rights organizations may have experience with 
employers' compliance records. This information might include 
grievances, compliance with monitoring arrangements, or compliance with 
a labor compliance agreement. Some respondents advocated for third-
party access to Government information on contractor responsibility. 
Another proposed that ALCAs and contracting officers should 
affirmatively reach out to worker organizations.
    On the other hand, some respondents were concerned about the 
negative implications of third-party reporting. A chief concern was 
that a labor union seeking to organize the contractor might have an 
incentive to report meritless labor law allegations in order to exert 
pressure on contractors. Another concern was that the third parties may 
report ``violations'' that are being resolved, are not yet fully 
adjudicated, or lack merit altogether.
    Response: Paragraph (b) of Section 2 of the E.O. provides that 
information may be obtained from other sources during performance of a 
contract. Specifically, E.O. Section 2(b)(ii) and (iii) provide that, 
during contract performance, contracting officers, in consultation with 
ALCAs, shall consider information obtained from contractor disclosures 
or relevant information from other sources related to required labor 
law violation disclosures.
    The Councils have revised the rule at FAR 22.2004-3, Postaward 
assessment of a prime contractor's labor law violations, at paragraph 
(b)(1), to address ALCA consideration of relevant information from 
other sources. The Councils have not expanded access to nonpublic 
Government information nor created a requirement for affirmative 
outreach to obtain information.
    With regard to respondents' concerns about meritless allegations 
from third parties, ALCAs will not recommend any action regarding 
alleged violations unless a labor law decision, as defined in FAR 
22.2002, has been rendered against the contractor.
    Comment: In order for the ALCA to have sufficient time to consult 
with third-party groups, a respondent recommended that the ALCA be 
given more time to conduct his or her assessment of labor law 
violations.
    Response: The ALCA assesses violation information that is related 
to labor law decisions, including information that originates with 
third-party groups, in assessing a contractor's record of labor law 
compliance. The three business day timeframe in the final rule at FAR 
22.2004-2(b)(2) pertains to preaward review of labor law violation 
information and was established to minimize negative impacts to 
procurement timelines. FAR 22.2004-2(b)(2) also provides that a 
contracting officer can determine another time period. The ALCA does 
not consult with third-party groups about labor compliance records 
related to specific ongoing procurements, due to Procurement Integrity 
Act restrictions (see 41 U.S.C. chapter 21). The E.O. also provides for 
information from other sources during contract performance. The FAR 
implementation of this postaward requirement does not prescribe the 
time available for the ALCA's postaward review. Also, in conducting 
subsequent assessments, the ALCA will consider such information.
d. Use of DOL Database
    Comment: A respondent stated that DOL should use its existing 
databases and systems to capture labor law compliance information, in 
order to protect contractor business information and minimize the 
duplicative cost and process of collecting data from numerous 
contractors.
    Response: The Councils agree on the importance of leveraging 
existing databases and systems where possible. Enforcement agency 
databases do not and will not collect labor law violation data on civil 
judgments, or on arbitral awards or decisions. Thus, disclosure of 
labor law decisions contemplated under the E.O. will necessarily 
include some level of disclosure by contractors. At this time, existing 
data systems do not include all of the information required by the E.O. 
DOL is working to ensure that its databases provide the information 
necessary to implement the E.O. regarding administrative merits 
determinations.
e. Remedial and Mitigating Information
    Comment: Respondents stated that the Government should provide a 
safe harbor framework. One respondent recommended that contractors and 
higher-tiered subcontractors can safely rely on representations, 
information, and documents provided by prospective and actual 
subcontractors, without the need to independently verify information. 
Another respondent recommended that civil liability protection for 
contractors be provided if a subcontractor litigates the responsibility 
decision.
    Response: The rule provides a safe harbor with respect to reliance 
on the FAR 52.222-58 and 52.222-59(c)(3) representations. The 
representation is provided to the best of the subcontractor's knowledge 
and belief at the time of submission. In support of the subcontractor 
responsibility decision and consideration of updates during contract 
performance, information and documents may be provided to the 
contractor. The contractor may rely on those representations, 
information, and documents. The contractor is responsible for reviewing 
the information and documents in making reasoned decisions. The final 
rule has been revised to state that ``A contractor or subcontractor, 
acting in good faith, is not liable for misrepresentations made by its 
subcontractors about labor law decisions or about labor compliance 
agreements''. FAR 52.222-58(b)(2) and 52.222-59(f).
    With respect to indemnification from civil liability, consistent 
with current procurement practices the rule does not provide such 
protections.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that the public Web site where 
contractors are required to submit basic information about labor law 
violations should be updated to reflect subsequent decisions in the 
contractor's favor.
    Response: At the FAR 52.222-59 clause, the contractor is required 
to update basic information semiannually in SAM. The rule does not 
restrict

[[Page 58592]]

contractors from providing updated information more frequently, whether 
the update is favorable or unfavorable.
    Comment: Respondents approved of the DOL-stated intention to allow 
contractors and subcontractors the opportunity to seek the DOL's 
guidance on whether any of their violations of labor laws are 
potentially problematic, as well as the opportunity to remedy any 
problems, and urged DOL to formalize this as a ``preclearance'' 
process. They suggested that such a process for subcontractors would 
greatly benefit the prime contractors by creating a ``safe harbor,'' 
guaranteeing that any ``precleared'' subcontractors they hire would 
have no outstanding unremedied labor law violations. One respondent 
encouraged DOL to issue a proposed process for notice and comment on 
how this process will work, and how contractors may access it.
    Response: The FAR rule only addresses implementation at the 
initiation of the procurement process. However, the DOL Guidance (at 
Section VI Preassessment) encourages early consultation with DOL, prior 
to being considered for a contract or subcontract opportunity, to 
address appropriate remediation and obtain DOL guidance and 
assessments.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that the regulations clarify that 
the prime contractor's representation regarding compliance with labor 
laws is required after it wins a contract competitively, not in its 
initial offer.
    Response: Representations are required when offerors submit either 
a bid or proposal in response to a solicitation. This practice allows 
the contracting officer to consider labor law violation information 
when determining contractor responsibility, which is done before award. 
No clarification to the FAR text is required.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that prime contractors that 
disregarded DOL advice should be responsible for the subcontractor 
violation as if the prime contractor had committed the violation.
    Response: The rule does not change remedies for false information 
submitted to the Government. The rule is not intended to remove the 
prime contractor's discretion in reviewing responsibility of their 
subcontractors, nor to provide a penalty for exercising business 
discretion. Prime contractors continue to be responsible for awarding 
contracts to subcontractors with a record of satisfactory integrity and 
business ethics; they are also responsible for the performance of their 
subcontractors once award is made.
5. Labor Law Decision Disclosures as Relates to Subcontractors
    Introductory Summary: To minimize burden on, and overall risk to, 
prime contractors and to create a manageable and executable process for 
both prime contractors and subcontractors, the proposed rule offered 
alternative language for subcontractor disclosures and contractor 
assessments of labor law violation information. After considering 
public comments, the final rule adopts this alternative approach. In 
the final rule, at FAR 22.2004-1(b), 22.2004-4, and 52.222-59(c) and 
(d), subcontractors disclose details regarding labor law decisions 
rendered against them (including mitigating factors and remedial 
measures) directly to DOL for review and assessment instead of to the 
prime contractor. The next set of comments focuses on the alternative 
approach for subcontractor disclosures and contractor assessments.
a. General Comments
    Comment: Respondents commented that subcontractor disclosures and 
prime contractor assessments of those disclosures would impose costly, 
burdensome, and difficult requirements for prime contractors to manage. 
Respondents further expressed concern that contractors do not have 
sufficient expertise, staff, and time to assess and track subcontractor 
labor law violation disclosures and responsibility determinations for 
subcontractors and their supply chain. Respondents recommended that DOL 
be tasked with evaluating subcontractors' history of violations and 
assessing the need for a labor compliance agreement.
    Respondents expressed concern that multiple prime contractors may 
provide inconsistent assessments of a single subcontractor. Another 
expressed concern that the proposed rule did not provide guidance on 
the roles and responsibilities of the ALCA, DOL, and the contracting 
officer regarding a subcontractor's responsibility determination during 
the preaward assessment process.
    A respondent expressed concern that contractors may demand 
additional remediation measures from subcontractors in order to ensure 
they are found responsible by the contracting agency.
    Response: As stated in the summary, the Councils have adopted the 
alternative approach. The final rule has been revised at FAR 52.222-
59(c) and (d) to incorporate this alternative whereby subcontractors 
provide their labor law decision information to DOL.
    DOL's review and assessment of subcontractor labor law decision 
information (and mitigating factors and remedial measures) will promote 
consistent assessments as to whether labor law violations are of a 
serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive nature, and whether labor 
compliance agreements are warranted. It will also limit the likelihood 
that different contractors would provide inconsistent assessments on a 
single contractor. The alternative process will also minimize the 
effort required by prime contractors to obtain additional resources and 
expertise to assess and track subcontractor labor law decision 
disclosures. ALCAs are not involved in the assessment of subcontractor 
labor law violation information. Prime contractors will continue to 
make subcontractor responsibility determinations in accordance with FAR 
9.104-4(a). In making such responsibility determinations, prime 
contractors will consider labor law compliance as an indicator of 
integrity and business ethics. Subcontractors will also be afforded an 
opportunity to provide information to DOL on mitigating factors and 
remedial measures, such as subcontractor actions taken to address the 
violations, labor compliance agreements, and other steps taken to 
achieve compliance with labor laws.
    Comment: A respondent raised concerns that DOL is not required to 
provide its assessment of labor law violation information within any 
particular time frame. The respondent postulated that, as a result, the 
process implemented in the alternative (FAR 52.222-59(c) and (d)) for 
subcontractors to disclose directly to DOL may result in weekly or 
monthly delays awaiting DOL's assessment. The respondent indicated that 
this is not consistent with the time frames for most procurements and 
would be disruptive to contractors' ability to depend on subcontractor 
availability and to rationally plan their proposals or bids. On the 
other hand, the respondent cautioned that permitting prime contractors 
to make a separate responsibility determination if DOL has failed to 
respond to the subcontractor's submission within three days leaves the 
prime contractor at substantial risk if DOL eventually provides an 
adverse assessment. The respondent concluded that the alternative 
process would be likely to place undue pressure on subcontractors to 
come to terms with DOL on labor compliance agreements that, if 
negotiated without the immediacy of a pending procurement, would likely 
come out very differently.
    Response: As stated in the summary, the Councils have adopted the

[[Page 58593]]

alternative approach whereby subcontractors provide their labor law 
violation information to DOL. The final rule has been revised at FAR 
52.222-59 (c) and (d) to incorporate this alternative. Paragraph (c)(6) 
of the clause indicates that the contractor may proceed with making a 
responsibility determination using available information and business 
judgment, for appropriate circumstances, when DOL does not provide 
advice to the subcontractor within three business days.
    To maintain the time frames for most procurements, prospective 
subcontractors with labor law violations are encouraged to consult 
early with DOL, prior to being considered for a subcontract 
opportunity, to: Address appropriate remediation, obtain DOL Guidance 
and assessment, mitigate the risk of DOL providing an adverse 
assessment and reduce delays and disruption of potential subcontract 
awards (see DOL Guidance Section VI, Preassessment).
    Comment: A respondent recommended the Councils give contractors a 
choice about whether to use the language in the proposed rule, or the 
alternative approach, for paragraphs (c), Subcontractor responsibility, 
and (d), Subcontractor updates, of FAR 52.222-59 in their contracts 
with subcontractors.
    Response: In consideration of public comments, the Councils have 
revised the final rule at FAR 52.222-59(c) and (d) to incorporate the 
alternative presented in the proposed rule, whereby subcontractors 
provide their labor law decision disclosures to DOL. This approach is 
mandatory for contractors. By implementing the procedures in the 
alternative language, the final rule will minimize contractor costs and 
procedural steps required for compliance. Implementing two processes as 
suggested by the respondent, and allowing contractors to choose which 
process to utilize, would be administratively unmanageable for 
subcontractors and the Government; therefore, the Councils decline to 
accept the suggestion.
b. Definition of Covered Subcontractors
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that it was too costly and 
burdensome to enforce the requirements of the proposed rule, which 
apply to all subcontractors at any tier with subcontracts estimated to 
exceed $500,000, except for contracts for COTS items. The respondent 
recommended the final rule cover only first tier subcontractors. 
However, another respondent recommended that subcontractors at all 
tiers, regardless of dollar value, be subject to the proposed rule.
    Response: Section 2(a)(iv) of the E.O. applies this requirement to 
any subcontract where the estimated value of supplies and services 
required exceeds $500,000 except for contracts for COTS items. Limiting 
applicability to first tier subcontractors or removing the dollar 
threshold alters the E.O. requirements. The final rule, similar to the 
proposed rule, implements the E.O. requirements.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that the proposed rule 
would incentivize contractors to refuse to subcontract with companies 
with very minor violations, which would disrupt longstanding business 
relationships and even drive small and middle-tier subcontractors out 
of business.
    Response: The E.O. and rule seek to help contractors come into 
compliance with labor laws, not to deny contracts or subcontracts. 
Companies with labor law violations are encouraged to consult early 
with DOL on whether those violations are potentially problematic and 
how to remedy any problems. Very minor labor law violations do not meet 
the threshold of serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive (see DOL 
Guidance). The final rule has been revised at FAR 52.222-59(c)(2) to 
state that ``Disclosure of labor law decision(s) does not automatically 
render the prospective subcontractor offeror nonresponsible. The 
Contractor shall consider the prospective subcontractor for award 
notwithstanding disclosure of one or more labor law decision(s).''
    Comment: Respondents asserted that the rule would encourage 
contractors to seek to avoid Buy American restrictions and purchase 
from foreign subcontractors who have no employees performing work 
within the United States, and therefore have no United States labor law 
violations. One respondent stated that the efforts to block 
noncompliant U.S. companies from participating in the Federal 
contractor process should not be allowed to provide an incentive for 
the use of non-U.S. workers, thus violating the goals of the Buy 
American requirements.
    Response: The Councils acknowledge the concern. However, the 
statues and the E.O. are clear. As stated in Sec. 9(b) of the E.O., the 
requirement of this E.O. shall be implemented consistent with 
applicable law. As such, the implementing FAR rule does not affect the 
applicability of existing Buy American Act and trade agreement 
requirements with regards to foreign acquisitions and subcontractors, 
and does not alleviate contractors' compliance with these laws. For 
contracts performed outside the United States, a company that had no 
employees in the United States would have employees subject to the laws 
of another country, and that country would enforce its own labor laws 
on the company, not United States laws. Labor law violations that rise 
to the level of Trafficking in Persons would be covered by FAR subpart 
22.17.
    Comment: A respondent commented that the proposed inclusion of 
subcontractor disclosure will require public disclosure of proprietary 
information (the identity of subcontractors the contractor would be 
using to perform the contract) which is protected from disclosure by 
FOIA. On the other hand, another respondent commented that DOL's 
assessment of the subcontractor should be transparent, rigorous, and 
public.
    Response: As stated in the summary, the Councils have adopted the 
alternative approach. The final rule has been revised at FAR 52.222-
59(c) and (d) to incorporate the alternative whereby subcontractors 
provide their labor law violation information to DOL. The 
subcontractor's semiannual updates of this information will also be 
provided to DOL and DOL will assess this information in accordance with 
the DOL Guidance. The E.O. and rule do not compel public disclosure of 
subcontractors' identity, labor law violation information, nor DOL's 
assessment of that information.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that the proposed DOL 
Guidance defined a ``covered subcontract'' as ``any contract awarded to 
a subcontractor that would be a covered procurement contract except for 
contracts for commercially available off-the-shelf items.'' The 
respondent stated this definition is overly broad and is inconsistent 
with the definition of subcontract in FAR part 44, Subcontracting 
Policies and Procedures, which does not exclude COTS items.
    Response: The DOL Guidance is not inconsistent with the definitions 
of ``subcontract'' and ``subcontractor'' in FAR part 44. Unlike FAR 
part 44, the DOL Guidance does not specifically define these terms. 
Rather, it defines the term ``covered subcontract''--meaning a 
subcontract that is covered by the E.O. It describes how it uses the 
term ``subcontractor,'' for ease of reference both to subcontractors to 
subcontractors and prospective subcontractors. Neither of these uses of 
the terms are inconsistent with FAR part 44. The definition of 
``covered subcontract'' in DOL Guidance is consistent with Sec.

[[Page 58594]]

 2(a)(iv) of the E.O. which limits applicability to prime contracts and 
any subcontracts exceeding $500,000, except for acquisitions for COTS 
items. Prime contractors will determine applicability by following the 
requirement as it is outlined in FAR 52.222-59(c)(1).
    Comment: A respondent recommended requiring contractors to consult 
with, and obtain a recommendation from, DOL regarding the review and 
assessment of subcontractor disclosed information, rather than letting 
the prime decide whether to consult DOL.
    Response: As stated in the summary, the Councils adopted the 
alternative approach presented in the proposed rule and have revised 
the final rule at FAR 52.222-59(c) whereby subcontractors provide their 
labor law decision disclosures to DOL. DOL will review and assess the 
labor law violations and advise the subcontractor who will make a 
representation and statement to the prime contractor pursuant to FAR 
52.222-59(c)(4). In the implemented alternative, the prime does not 
elect whether the subcontractor discloses to the prime or DOL; instead, 
the subcontractor discloses to DOL.
    Comment: A respondent recommended ensuring the process for 
evaluating labor law violation information of subcontractors be as 
transparent and rigorous as it is for primes' labor law violation 
information. The respondent recommended requiring DOL to publicize that 
it is conducting a review of labor law violation information; requiring 
subcontractor disclosed information to be publicly accessible to the 
same extent as prime disclosed information; requiring subcontractors to 
provide the same information that primes must provide on labor law 
violations; providing for 10 business days for DOL to perform an 
assessment; and requiring the prime contractor to disclose to the 
contracting officer all of the documentation underlying its 
responsibility determination of the subcontractor.
    Response: The E.O. and the rule compels public disclosure of basic 
labor law decision information of the contractor (e.g., the law 
violated, case number, date, name of the body that made the decision), 
but not the subcontractor. In implementing the E.O., the Councils seek 
to balance the importance of transparency with efficiency, recognizing 
the potentially sensitive nature of relevant labor law violation 
information, and do not agree with expanding on the E.O.'s disclosure 
requirements. Therefore, no revision to the rule is made.
c. Authority for Final Determination of Subcontractor Responsibility
    Comment: Respondents made comments on who should have the authority 
to make final determinations of subcontractor responsibility. Some 
respondents recommended the Councils amend the final rule to make 
contracting officers responsible for evaluating subcontractor 
responsibility in regard to labor law violations. One respondent 
recommended that contractors alone should make the final determination 
regarding subcontractor responsibility. Another respondent recommended 
the Councils amend the final rule to prohibit DOL from giving advice on 
subcontractor responsibility because DOL does not have the same amount 
of experience and expertise as contracting officers.
    Response: The final rule, consistent with the proposed rule, builds 
on prime contractors' existing obligation to determine the 
responsibility of their subcontractors and does not change who has the 
authority to determine subcontractor responsibility in accordance with 
FAR 9.104-4(a). DOL will be responsible for analyzing subcontractor 
labor law violation information and providing an assessment which 
subcontractors can provide to primes for use in determining 
subcontractor responsibility, but DOL does not conduct a responsibility 
determination.
d. Governmental Planning
    Comment: A respondent expressed concerns regarding prime contractor 
liability to an actual or prospective subcontractor, for either denying 
a subcontract award or discontinuing a subcontract because the prime 
found the actual or prospective subcontractor nonresponsible based on 
the subcontractor's labor law violations.
    Response: Contractors will continue to make subcontractor 
responsibility determinations in accordance with FAR 9.104-4(a). The 
final rule does not change the legal consequences of a prime 
contractor's nonresponsibility determination of its actual or 
prospective subcontractors. Likewise, the rule does not alter the 
discretion a contractor has in making appropriate decisions regarding 
whether to discontinue a subcontract.
    Comment: A respondent commented that giving primes a six-month 
cycle for review of thousands of subcontractors is not executable on a 
timely basis, even if only a small number of subcontractors report 
decisions concerning violations of the E.O.'s covered labor laws.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. This change shifts subcontractor disclosure 
assessment from the prime contractor to DOL (see FAR 52.222-59(c) on 
the procedures). The prime contractor's responsibility is to consider 
DOL's analysis and determine whether to take action with their 
subcontractor.
    Comment: A respondent stated the proposed rule lacks procedures for 
subcontractors to challenge prime contractors' responsibility 
determinations.
    Response: Neither the current FAR nor the rule includes procedures 
for subcontractors to challenge prime contractors' responsibility 
determinations (see FAR 9.104-4(a)). The prime contractor's 
responsibility determination of their prospective subcontractors, 
including review of labor law compliance history, remains a matter 
between the two parties.
    Comment: Respondents remarked that the proposed rule creates the 
possibility of conflicting determinations between DOL and the ALCA, as 
well as between the contracting officers and various prime contractors, 
regarding subcontractors' labor law compliance history.
    Response: The DOL Guidance includes a consistent approach for ALCAs 
and DOL to use when considering labor law violation information. 
However, each responsibility determination, made by a contracting 
officer or prime contractor, is independent and fact-specific, and 
therefore responsibility determinations may differ.
e. Subcontractor Disclosures (Possession and Retention of Subcontractor 
Information)
    Comment: Several respondents raised concerns about prime 
contractors possessing and retaining subcontractor information. The SBA 
Office of Advocacy asked how prime contractors would be required to 
handle subcontractors' proprietary information. Other respondents 
recommended greater protection for subcontractor's confidential and 
proprietary information, including restrictions on handling and 
distribution. Some respondents cited increased risks of third-party 
liability, breach of contract, bid protests, and other litigation. One 
respondent commented that supplying information to the primes would 
violate legal privileges.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor

[[Page 58595]]

disclosures. This approach seeks to minimize the need for prime 
contractors to retain subcontractor labor law violation information. 
Notwithstanding, the rule does not address current practices for primes 
and subcontractors regarding the handling and distribution of 
subcontractor information including proprietary or confidential 
information that subcontractors might provide in support of a 
subcontractor responsibility determination. Subcontractors may assert 
to their primes what information they consider proprietary or 
confidential, by marking it for restrictions on disclosure and use of 
data.
    Comment: Respondents commented that the rule inappropriately 
attempts to shift responsibility for labor law enforcement to prime 
contractors.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. Subcontractors provide their labor law 
violation information to DOL, not to prime contractors. Prime 
contractors will review the subcontractor representation and DOL's 
analysis provided by the subcontractor in order to assess integrity and 
business ethics and make a responsibility determination. The rule does 
not impinge on or shift responsibility for enforcement of labor laws to 
prime contractors. Only the enforcement agencies have statutory or 
other (e.g., E.O.) prescribed jurisdictional authority to administer 
and enforce labor laws. The rule simply provides prime contractors with 
relevant information to consider in making appropriate determinations 
and subcontract decisions.
    Comment: One respondent remarked that large projects would require 
a prime to certify compliance of hundreds of subcontractors, and that 
would be impractical or impossible.
    Response: The rule does not require prime contractors to certify 
the compliance of subcontractors with labor laws. Prime contractors may 
rely on representations of subcontractors and DOL assessments. With 
regard to the respondent's concern over a large number of 
subcontractors, DOL will be available to consult with both contractors 
and subcontractors, providing early guidance before bidding on a 
particular subcontract opportunity, to address appropriate remediation, 
and obtain DOL guidance and assessments (See DOL Guidance Section VI 
Preassessment).
    Comment: One respondent recommended that proposals be required to 
include a list of subcontractors who will perform work under the 
contract, to bolster effective checks and balances and reduce ``bid 
shopping.''
    Response: Bid shopping is the practice of a construction contractor 
divulging to interested subcontractors the lowest bids the contractor 
received from other subcontractors, in order for the contractor to 
secure a lower bid. The Councils are aware of this practice but decline 
to address it in the rule as the E.O. does not address bid shopping. 
However, the Councils note that FAR Case 2014-003, Small Business 
Subcontracting Improvements, will go into effect November 1, 2016. It 
was published on July 14, 2016 (81 FR 45833). It adds a new requirement 
to the content of subcontracting plans at FAR 19.704(a)(12) and 52.219-
9(d)(12), that the offeror will make assurances that the offeror will 
make a good faith effort to acquire articles, equipment, supplies, 
services, or materials, or obtain the performance of construction work 
from the small business concerns that the offeror used in preparing the 
bid or proposal, in the same or greater scope, amount, and quality used 
in preparing and submitting the bid or proposal; the case also 
describes what is meant by ``used in preparing.''
    Comment: One respondent recommended establishing a single reporting 
portal for all contractors, both prime and subcontractor, through SAM 
to aggregate the data and avoid the added expense of creating new 
databases and interfaces. The respondent stated that having one portal 
for primes and subcontractors makes sense because many subcontractors 
sell products to prime or higher tier contractors and also sell 
directly to the Government.
    Response: The E.O. does not contemplate a single Web site for prime 
contractor and subcontractor disclosures. In Section 4, the E.O. 
requires establishment of a single database that Federal contractors 
could use for all Federal contract reporting requirements related to 
it, and that certain information about disclosed labor law decisions 
would be included in FAPIIS. The FAR implementation requires that 
certain basic labor law decision information that contractors enter 
into SAM will be publicly displayed in FAPIIS. There is no requirement 
for subcontractor information to be included in SAM or FAPIIS, except 
for trafficking in persons violation information which is posted to the 
record of the prime contractor (see FAR 9.104-6(b)(5)). If a 
subcontractor separately serves as a prime contractor on another 
Government contract, at that time they will be required to report their 
information in SAM.
f. Potential for Conflicts When Subcontractors Also Perform as Prime 
Contractors
    Comment: Respondents commented that subcontractors and prime 
contractors are often competitors in subsequent procurements. One 
concern was that subcontractor disclosures would lead to increased bid 
protests because competitors may be a subcontractor on one opportunity 
and a prime on a future one. One respondent suggested that the 
subcontractors should be required to disclose violations directly to 
DOL rather than to prime contractors to address this concern. Another 
was concerned that having knowledge of a future competitor's labor law 
violation information would provide an unfair competitive advantage.
    Response: The Councils appreciate the concerns of the respondents 
with respect to the disclosure of information to a potential future 
competitor. This concern is mitigated by the adoption in the final rule 
of the alternative approach to subcontractor disclosure whereby 
subcontractor disclosures are provided to and assessed by DOL instead 
of by the prime contractor. In the final rule, only under limited 
circumstances would subcontractors disclose information to a prime 
contractor (such as when the subcontractor disagrees with DOL advice). 
See FAR 52.222-59(c)(4)(ii)(C)(3).
g. Not Workable Approach for Prime Contractors To Assess 
Subcontractors' Disclosures
    Comment: Respondents discussed the complexities of DOL's Guidance 
for assessing an entity's reported labor law violations. Two 
respondents specifically asserted that DOL's Guidance for assessing how 
an entity's reported labor law violations bear on its integrity and 
business ethics is detailed and complicated. One respondent asserted 
that DOL's Guidance does not identify how a prime should consider 
subcontractor reports and, with a lack of actual standards, one prime 
may reach one determination while another reached a different 
conclusion by considering the circumstances at a different level of 
granularity.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The final rule is revised at FAR 52.222-
59(c) and (d) to implement the alternative approach in the proposed 
rule for contractors determining the

[[Page 58596]]

responsibility of their subcontractors, where the contractor directs 
the subcontractor to consult with DOL on its violations and remedial 
actions. Under this approach, subcontractors disclose labor law 
violation details to DOL instead of to the prime contractor. The DOL 
Guidance provides a consistent approach to consideration of the nature 
of violations to determine if they are serious, repeated, willful, and/
or pervasive under the E.O. The DOL Guidance offers DOL's availability 
to consult with both contractors and subcontractors that have labor law 
violations. DOL's assessments of subcontractors, as well as its 
availability for consultations, are designed to improve consistency of 
assessments.
    Comment: Respondents asserted that subcontractor reporting 
requirements are unworkable. A respondent specifically claimed that 
many subcontractors already agree to report to the prime offenses such 
as OSHA citations, but much of the time the subcontractors fail to 
actually report. One respondent specifically asserted that because 
primes are required to obtain from covered subcontractors, at every 
tier, the same information about Federal and State labor law violations 
that they must disclose about themselves, the proposed regulation will 
put contractors at risk of making good-faith representations regarding 
their subcontractors that could, despite the contractors' due 
diligence, turn out to be inaccurate or incomplete.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The E.O. and final rule establish a 
requirement for prime contractors to require subcontractors to disclose 
to DOL specified labor law decisions. Under the rule, prime contractors 
do not make a representation about their subcontractors' disclosures to 
the Government. Per FAR 9.104-4(a), prime contractors make a 
determination of subcontractor responsibility by virtue of awarding a 
subcontract.
    Comment: Respondents asserted that reviewing subcontractor labor 
law violations and reporting requirements will be burdensome, costly, 
and onerous for the Government and primes to administer and creates 
unintended consequences for contractor/subcontractor relationships. One 
respondent specifically asserted that the reporting requirements would 
create a massive amount of reports to contracting officers and other 
Government officials charged with evaluating contractor labor law 
compliance. Respondents specifically asserted the proposed rule imposes 
detailed obligations for reporting on subcontractors at every tier, and 
that the Government would need to resolve disagreements between primes 
and their subcontractors, which would add another dimension to the 
burden placed on the Government's contract professionals.
    Response: The E.O. includes disclosure requirements for contractors 
and subcontractors, to provide information regarding compliance with 
labor laws, and for Government review, assessment, and management of 
the information. As described in the Introductory Summary to this 
section III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach 
for subcontractor disclosures. This will minimize the burden and 
address complexities involved with subcontractors reporting to primes. 
Neither the E.O. nor the rule provides for the Government to resolve 
differences between primes and subcontractors. Prime contractors have 
discretion in determining subcontractor responsibility and in deciding 
whether actions are needed during subcontract performance.
    Comment: One respondent asserted that basic data regarding an 
employer's workforce, such as the location where work is performed, the 
number of employees working in an establishment or in a job group, how 
a workforce is organized, and the like, are often considered 
proprietary or confidential by contractors. The respondent stated that 
for this reason contractors often object when requests are filed with 
agencies under FOIA for these or similar types of information and the 
Government has generally respected such objections. This respondent 
recommended the FAR Council ensure that contractors are not required to 
disclose such information to the public or to their competitors.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. This change shifts subcontractor disclosure 
assessment from the prime contractor to DOL (see FAR 52.222-59(c) and 
(d)).
    Prime contractors and their prospective subcontractors may agree on 
their own to impose restrictions on the handling of subcontractor 
information, but the rule does not impose any restrictions. The FAR 
implementation only compels public disclosure of basic information 
regarding the prime contractor's labor law decision(s) specifically 
prescribed in the E.O and does not compel public disclosure of 
subcontractor information. The rule does not alter or change the 
requirements of FOIA.
    Comment: Respondents suggested that in certain industries, e.g., 
construction, where a preponderance of work on Federal contracts is 
performed by subcontractors, the process in the rule for disclosure and 
assessment of subcontractor labor law violations is neither 
sufficiently robust nor transparent to achieve the desired objectives 
of the E.O.
    Response: The E.O., through the requirement to flow down to 
subcontractors at all tiers, recognized that subcontractors and the 
work performed by subcontractors is significant to Federal procurement. 
The requirements of the E.O. are sufficient for all industries, 
including those where a preponderance of work is performed by 
subcontractors.
    Comment: Respondents asserted the proposed model whereby primes 
consult with DOL to determine subcontractor or supplier responsibility 
creates an enormous risk for primes and is cost prohibitive for all 
parties, including many small and nontraditional companies wishing to 
act as either prime or subcontractor. A respondent claimed that because 
the risks of an adverse responsibility determination are borne by the 
prime, the prime would be forced to pursue and compile information and 
would need sufficient experience, training, or background to determine 
whether violations are serious, repeated, willful and/or pervasive; and 
the ability to assess mitigating factors. A respondent contended that 
contractors would also need to update that information on a regular 
basis in order to effectively manage risk associated with labor law 
compliance throughout their supply chain.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. Contractors currently are responsible for 
taking necessary steps to subcontract with responsible parties and 
perform adequate subcontract management. The E.O. and its 
implementation in the final rule make it possible for contractors to 
conduct a more thorough review of the subcontractor's responsibility 
because they will now have information and analysis they did not 
previously have with regard to labor law violations.
    While the adoption of the alternative through which subcontractors 
disclose violations to DOL will mitigate the degree to which 
contractors may need to do assessments, there clearly is a need

[[Page 58597]]

for contractor employees who are responsible for subcontract awards and 
management to have sufficient familiarity with the DOL Guidance and 
their responsibilities under the rule.
    Comment: Respondents supported the E.O. and asserted that there is 
no incentive for primes to perform the comprehensive assessment 
outlined in E.O. because primes want to hire subcontractors 
expeditiously and with as little interference as possible. They 
contended that unless a subcontractor runs into problems while working 
on the project, there appears to be no penalty for a prime contractor 
to deem a putative subcontractor ``responsible'' after performing a 
cursory review of its labor law violations.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The prime contractor's responsibility is to 
consider DOL's analysis and determine whether to find a subcontractor 
responsible and whether to take any action regarding the subcontractor. 
As the final rule minimizes burdens to prime contractors, it should 
increase prime contractors' ability to fully comply with the 
requirements of the rule.
    Comment: A respondent asserted that neither the proposed rule nor 
the DOL Guidance establish processes for prime contractors to confirm 
subcontractors' compliance with the requirements of the rule.
    Response: The representation requirement at FAR 52.222-58(b), which 
flows down to subcontractors at all tiers (see FAR 52.222-59(c) and 
(g)), will help prime contractors obtain subcontractor compliance. 
However, as they do with all subcontract requirements, prime 
contractors will establish processes that they deem necessary for them 
to validate and maintain subcontractor compliance.
    Comment: One respondent asserted that to make compliance efforts 
even more difficult, the proposed rule requires prime contractors to 
collect labor law compliance information from subcontractors every six 
months. This respondent stated that the Government should bear the 
burden of collecting the information directly, rather than relying on 
prime contractors to perform this function.
    Response: The E.O. requires prime contractors to receive updated 
subcontractor disclosures so the prime contractors can continue to 
consider the information and determine whether action is necessary 
during subcontract performance. As described in the Introductory 
Summary to this section III.B.5., the final rule implements the 
alternative approach for subcontractor disclosures. This alternative 
applies to disclosures both before and after subcontract award.
h. Suggestions To Assess Subcontractor Disclosures During Preaward of 
the Prime Contractor
    Comment: One respondent recommended that DOL and ALCAs assess 
disclosures, and contracting officers make responsibility 
determinations, for both prime contractors and subcontractors before 
awarding the prime contract. The respondent asserted that preaward 
(versus postaward) determinations at all subcontractor tiers will 
minimize the impact of ineligibility decisions later in the project, 
due in part to consistent application of DOL Guidance standards 
throughout the tiers, which in turn will reduce project delay, cost 
overruns, claims, and disputes.
    This respondent also asserted that consolidated agency review of 
all covered firms at all contracting tiers at the start of the process 
would bring uniform False Claims Act discipline to the certification 
process.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. Contractors may encourage potential 
subcontractors and those within their supply chain to consult with DOL 
in advance of a specific subcontract opportunity, to address labor law 
violations. (See DOL Guidance Section VI Preassessment). However, the 
Councils decline to accept the suggestion to require that all 
subcontract assessments be accomplished during prime contract preaward. 
Often circumstances exist whereby contractors identify a need for 
subcontracts during contract performance, as opposed to before contract 
award. Therefore, the rule provides language to account for these 
circumstances in the Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673) 
clause at FAR 52.222-59(c)(2).
    Comment: A respondent recommended that contractors submit all 
subcontractor labor law violation information to the contracting 
officer, and not just violations relating to a labor compliance 
agreement. The respondent further suggested that the contracting 
officer should use the information to evaluate the prime contractor's 
performance.
    Response: A subcontractor's regard for compliance with labor laws 
may be an indicator of integrity and business ethics. Subcontractors 
are required to submit labor law decision information to DOL; 
subcontractor labor law decision information does not automatically go 
to the contracting officer. The final rule has been revised to require 
contracting officers to consider the extent to which the prime 
contractor addressed labor law decisions rendered against its 
subcontractors, when preparing past performance evaluations (see FAR 
42.1502(j)).
i. Suggestion for the Government To Assess Subcontractor Responsibility
    Comment: One respondent recommended creating a preclearance program 
to facilitate Government reviews of subcontractor responsibility and to 
streamline this process.
    Response: Prospective contractors and subcontractors with labor law 
violations are encouraged to consult early with DOL, in accordance with 
the DOL Guidance (at Section VI, Preassessment) to obtain guidance, 
request assessments, and address appropriate remediation. These 
opportunities for early engagement are available to prospective 
contractors and subcontractors prior to and not tied to any specific 
contract or subcontract opportunity. The Councils do not accept the 
suggestion for the Government to perform or review subcontractor 
responsibility. Contractors are responsible for making subcontractor 
responsibility determinations. The Government determines subcontractor 
responsibility only in those rare instances when it is critical to the 
Government's interest or the particular agency's mission to do so. See 
9.104-4(b).
    Comment: Respondents advocated that the Government not only assess 
a subcontractor's labor law violation history, but also directly 
conduct subcontractor responsibility determinations. Respondents noted 
that the language at FAR 9.104-4(a) does not require the contractor to 
conduct a responsibility determination of its subcontractor and at FAR 
9.104-4(b) allows the Government to do so.
    Response: Contractors are responsible for making subcontractor 
responsibility determinations. The Government determines subcontractor 
responsibility only in those rare instances when it is critical to the 
Government's interest or the particular agency's mission to do so (see 
FAR 9.104-4(b)). In this case, the E.O. does not direct changes to how 
subcontractor responsibility will be conducted by the prime contractor, 
it simply provides a means by which prime contractors will receive 
relevant information to consider. The Councils find the processes 
established in this rule enable prime contractors to

[[Page 58598]]

effectively assess subcontractor labor law violation information, in 
consultation with DOL.
    Comment: A respondent acknowledged DOL's role is to advise and 
provide technical assistance on compliance issues, which is consistent 
with their enforcement agency role. The respondent recommended that DOL 
not make responsibility determinations for subcontractors, as DOL does 
not have the same level of experience and expertise in these matters as 
ALCAs and contracting officers.
    Response: The Councils concur that DOL's knowledge and technical 
expertise support its role to provide assistance in analyzing and 
assessing labor law compliance. Under the rule, DOL and ALCAs provide 
advisory assessments that inform responsibility determinations made by 
others. Contracting officers alone make responsibility determinations 
on prime contractors; contractors make the responsibility 
determinations for subcontractors.
    Comment: In cases where DOL has determined that the subcontractor 
has not entered into a labor compliance agreement within a reasonable 
period or has not complied with the terms of such an agreement, a 
respondent recommended that the contractor should provide the 
contracting officer with a heightened explanation of the contractor's 
need to proceed with an award to the subcontractor and should provide 
information demonstrating the additional remedial measures that the 
subcontractor took before subcontract award.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The final rule adopts the alternative 
language at FAR 52.222-59(c)(5) and (d)(4), which requires that the 
prime contractor provide the contracting officer with the name of the 
subcontractor and the basis for the contractor's decision for 
proceeding with the subcontract (e.g., relevancy to the requirement, 
urgent and compelling circumstances, preventing delays in contract 
performance, or when only one supplier is available to meet the 
requirement).
    Comment: A respondent cited concerns that smaller subcontractors 
may seek advice from the contractor's legal counsel regarding the 
subcontractor's labor law violation history, creating potential ethical 
issues for the contractor's legal counsel, whose legal responsibility 
does not extend to the subcontractor.
    Response: DOL's Guidance encourages prospective contractors and 
subcontractors with labor law violations to consult early with DOL, to 
obtain guidance, request assessments, and address appropriate 
remediation. As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The concern that the respondent describes is 
not unique to the E.O.; a prime contractor's legal counsel will always 
need to consider possible ethical issues when providing advice to a 
subcontractor. However, in the application of the E.O., this concern is 
addressed, in part, by the Councils' adoption of the alternative 
subcontractor disclosure approach in the FAR rule, whereby prime 
contractors direct their subcontractors to provide their labor law 
violation information to DOL and DOL assesses the violations. In 
addition, DOL's Guidance encourages prospective contractors and 
subcontractors with labor law violations to consult early with DOL, to 
obtain guidance, request assessments, and address appropriate 
remediation. DOL's advice may reduce a subcontractor's need to seek 
legal advice from outside counsel.
j. Miscellaneous Comments About Subcontractor Disclosures
    Comment: One respondent recommended the process of evaluating 
subcontractors' labor law compliance history be done by DOL as an 
inherently governmental function.
    Response: In accordance with FAR 9.104-4(a), contractors make 
subcontractor responsibility determinations. Assessment of information 
considered in subcontract responsibility is not inherently 
governmental. There is no transfer of enforcement of the labor laws as 
a result of the rule; the rule provides information regarding 
compliance with labor laws to be considered during subcontract 
responsibility determinations and during subcontract performance.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that prime contractors be required 
to consult with DOL if any prospective subcontractor discloses 
workplace law violations.
    Response: As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. The final rule has been revised at FAR 
52.222-59(c) and (d) to incorporate this alternative whereby 
subcontractors provide their labor law violation information to DOL. 
Based on the subcontractor's submission, DOL provides its assessment to 
the subcontractor, who provides this information to the prime. 
Consultation with DOL is available to prime contractors, but is not 
required.
    Comment: Respondents inquired about the DOL consultation timeframe, 
and one respondent suggested that DOL have 30 days to assess 
subcontractor violations. Respondents suggested DOL should be open to 
performing ``preclearance'' assessments before a subcontractor bids on 
a subcontract to expedite matters when an actual procurement is 
underway.
    Response: If a subcontractor requests DOL's assessment to support a 
specific subcontracting opportunity and does not receive DOL's response 
within 3 business days, and DOL did not previously advise the 
subcontractor that it needed to enter into a labor compliance 
agreement, the prime contractor may proceed with making a subcontractor 
responsibility determination without DOL's input, using available 
information and business judgment (see FAR 52.222-59(c)(6)). The rule 
does not specify a time limit for DOL to conduct its assessment. 
Subcontractors do not need to wait until responding to a specific 
opportunity in order to request DOL's review of their labor law 
violation history. DOL will be available to consult with contractors 
and subcontractors to assist them in fulfilling their obligations under 
the E.O. (See DOL Guidance Section VI, Preassessment).
    Comment: One respondent commented that 3 business days is not a 
reasonable or appropriate amount of time for DOL to make an accurate 
and complete determination. The respondent indicated that any period 
shorter than 3 business days will not allow the Government to properly 
assess contractors with track records of compliance. The respondent 
pointed out that the DHS joint rulemaking on the labor certification 
process for H-2B temporary workers allows DOL Certifying Officers 7 
business days to examine, assess, and respond to an employer's 
Application for Temporary Employment Certification.
    Response: Allowing more than 3 business days for response from DOL 
could, in some circumstances, cause delays to subcontract awards and 
delivery of needed goods and services. Most offerors submit offers on 
multiple solicitations and DOL will have an opportunity to do a 
thorough and complete assessment of a subcontractor's labor law 
violations.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that a prime contractor be 
required to submit to DOL its

[[Page 58599]]

communications with subcontractors with regard to the subcontractor's 
reporting requirements and consequences for labor law violations.
    Response: The E.O. and rule do not require a prime contractor to 
submit to DOL its communications with subcontractors regarding the 
subcontractor's reporting requirements and consequences for labor law 
violations. As described in the Introductory Summary to this section 
III.B.5., the final rule implements the alternative approach for 
subcontractor disclosures. Based on the subcontractor's submission, DOL 
provides its assessment to the subcontractor, who provides this 
information to the prime contractor. This direct communication between 
DOL and the prospective subcontractor provides for a dialogue on the 
consequences for labor law violations.
    Comment: One respondent asked what would happen on an instant 
acquisition if DOL provides its advice subsequent to the prime 
contractor's responsibility determination and the two are inconsistent.
    Response: Under FAR 52.222-59(c)(6), if DOL does not provide its 
advice with respect to the subcontractor's labor law decisions within 3 
business days, the prime contractor is authorized to proceed with its 
determination of subcontractor responsibility. If the advice from DOL 
is received prior to subcontract award, the Government would expect the 
prime to assess the impact of that information on its subcontract award 
decision, consistent with prudent business practice. If the advice from 
DOL is received subsequent to subcontract award, the contractor should 
consider the information in a manner similar to information received 
for semiannual update purposes at FAR 52.222-59(d) and determine if any 
action is appropriate or warranted.
    Comment: One respondent asked how long each contractor would have 
to retain subcontractors' information, and whether a contractor would 
be required to disclose information under Federal and State public 
information statutes.
    Response: The rule does not affect existing records retention or 
public disclosure statutes or policies under Federal and State public 
information statutes (e.g., FAR subpart 4.7, Contractor records 
retention).
    Comment: One respondent recommended that prime contractors be 
responsible for making contracting officers aware that DOL has 
determined that a prospective or existing subcontractor has not entered 
into a labor compliance agreement within a reasonable period or is not 
meeting the terms of the agreement. The respondent further recommended 
that subcontractors be required to disclose DOL's concerns to the prime 
contractor and DOL be required to directly inform the prime contractor.
    Response: The FAR rule requires the subcontractor to make the prime 
contractor aware of DOL assessments and this process preserves the 
prime-subcontractor contractual relationship. The requirements in the 
revised final rule, appearing in FAR 52.222-59(c)(5) and (d)(4), for 
the prime contractor to notify the contracting officer are sufficient.
6. ALCA Role and Assessments
    Introductory Summary: The agency labor compliance advisor (ALCA) is 
defined at FAR 22.2002 as ``the senior official designated in 
accordance with Executive Order 13673. ALCAs are listed at www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.'' The ALCA is a senior agency official who 
serves as the primary official responsible for the agency's 
implementation of Executive Order 13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces. 
ALCAs will play a key new role in agencies, promoting awareness of and 
respect for the importance of labor law compliance through their 
interactions with senior agency officials, contracting officers, and 
contractors, while also meeting regularly with DOL and ALCAs from other 
executive departments and agencies to formulate effective and 
consistent practices Governmentwide.
    In the procurement process ALCAs will provide support to 
contracting officers as technical advisors lending expertise in the 
subject area of labor law compliance. ALCAs provide analysis and 
advice, including a recommendation, to the contracting officer 
regarding disclosed labor law violations (including mitigating factors 
and remedial measures) for the consideration of contracting officers 
when conducting responsibility determinations and during contract 
performance. The ALCA's analysis includes an assessment of whether the 
disclosed violations are of a serious, repeated, willful, and/or 
pervasive nature; consideration of mitigating factors; and whether the 
contractor has taken steps to adequately remedy the violation(s). The 
ALCA's advice to the contracting officer may address whether a labor 
compliance agreement is warranted given the totality of circumstances, 
and the status of prior advice that a labor compliance agreement was 
warranted.
    ALCA tasks are addressed in FAR 22.2004-1(c), 22.2004-2(b), and 
22.2004-3(b).
    Nothing in the phase-in relaxes the ongoing and long-standing 
requirement for agencies to do business only with contractors who are 
responsible sources and abide by the law, including labor laws. 
Accordingly, if information about a labor law decision is brought to 
the attention of the ALCA indicating that a prospective prime 
contractor has been found within the last three years to have labor law 
violations that warrant heightened attention in accordance with DOL's 
Guidance (i.e., serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive 
violations), the contracting officer, upon receipt of the information 
from the ALCA, shall provide the contractor with an opportunity to 
review the information and address any remediation steps it has taken. 
Based on this input, which shall be provided to the ALCA, the ALCA may 
recommend measures to the contracting officer to further remediate the 
matter, including seeking the prospective contractor's commitment to 
negotiate a labor compliance agreement or other remedial measures with 
the enforcement agency, which the contracting officer must then 
consider. If the violations showed a basic disregard for labor law, or 
the contractor refused to comply with the recommended remediation 
measures, the ALCA's recommendation might advise the contracting 
officer that the prospective contractor has an unsatisfactory record of 
labor law compliance which may contribute to a contracting officer's 
determination of nonresponsibility. For this reason, entities seeking 
to do business with the Government are strongly encouraged to work with 
DOL in their early engagement preassessment process to obtain 
compliance assistance if they identify covered labor law decisions 
involving violations that they believe may be serious, repeated, 
willful, and/or pervasive. This assistance is available to entities 
irrespective of whether they are responding to an active solicitation. 
Working with DOL prior to competing for Government work is not required 
by this rule, but will allow the entity to focus its attention on 
developing the best possible offer when the opportunity arises to 
respond to a solicitation.
a. Achieving Consistency in Applying Standards
    Comment: Respondents speculated that ALCAs would perform their 
duties with unclear standards and ambiguous criteria.
    Response: The E.O. expressly requires the creation of processes to 
ensure

[[Page 58600]]

Governmentwide consistency in its implementation. The DOL Guidance was 
developed to provide specific guidelines for ALCAs, contractors, and 
contracting officers. In addition, ALCAs will work closely with DOL 
during more complicated assessments. This level of coordination will 
ensure that ALCAs receive expert guidance and instruction.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that ALCAs at different 
agencies, when reviewing the same information regarding a contractor's 
labor law violations, would come to inconsistent conclusions as to 
whether a violation is of a serious, repeated, willful, or pervasive 
nature and whether actions, such as termination of a contract, are 
warranted. Similarly, respondents expressed concern that contracting 
officers across various agencies will make inconsistent decisions 
regarding responsibility and appropriate remedies.
    Response: The DOL Guidance provides specific guidelines for 
weighing and considering violations (see DOL Guidance Section III.B.), 
which will foster consistency. Likewise, DOL is available to provide 
advice and assistance, and ALCA coordination across agencies will 
occur, as appropriate. The final rule, consistent with the proposed 
rule, does not require the ALCA to advise the contracting officer 
regarding which postaward contractual remedies to take, such as 
contract termination. The Government is employing measures to achieve 
consistency in ALCA analysis of labor law violation information, but 
contracting officer responsibility determinations and postaward 
decisions are intended to be arrived at independently. There is no 
change to existing requirements for contracting officers to make 
independent determinations on contractor responsibility (see FAR 
subpart 9.1). The ALCA provides contracting officers with analysis and 
advice, in addition to a specific recommendation, which does not 
disturb the contracting officer's independent authority in determining 
responsibility. Contracting officers consider assessments provided by 
ALCAs consistently with advice provided by other subject matter 
experts. Contracting officer responsibility determinations and 
procurement decisions are made in the context of the specific 
requirements of each procurement; lockstep consistency in such 
determinations and decisions is not expected, appropriate, or required. 
(See also Section III.B.1. above).
b. Public Disclosure of Information
    Comment: Respondent requested that ALCAs' annual reports contain, 
as separate elements, the number of contractors and subcontractors 
reporting labor law violations, the names of contractors entering into 
labor compliance agreements, the names of contractors failing to comply 
with their labor compliance agreements, and the number of violations 
that have been cured as a result of remedial actions.
    Response: The FAR implementation does not cover the E.O. Section 3, 
Labor Compliance Advisors, in its entirety; the FAR implementation is 
limited to ALCA duties necessary for contracting officer execution of 
procurement actions. Thus, the FAR does not cover the specifics of the 
ALCA's annual report described in E.O. Section 3(h).
    Comment: Respondent recommended that the final Guidance and 
regulation specify that a public database publish ALCA recommendations 
regarding responsibility, contracting officer final responsibility 
determinations and any labor compliance agreements referenced as part 
of the contracting officer's determination.
    Response: The additional information requested by the respondent is 
not required by the E.O. In addition, as part of the responsibility 
determination, the contracting officer considers the ALCA's assessment 
of a contractor's labor compliance history. Per FAR 9.105-3, 
information accumulated for purposes of determining the responsibility 
of a prospective contractor shall not be released or disclosed outside 
the Government (this does not apply to information publicly available 
in FAPIIS). The existence of a labor compliance agreement entered into 
by the prime contractor will be public information. See FAR 22.2004-
1(c)(6).
c. Sharing Information Between ALCA and Contracting Officer
    Comment: A respondent recommended that ALCAs be required to ``pass 
on'' to the contracting officer additional information that the 
contractor may have submitted demonstrating a commitment to compliance.
    Response: The final rule has been revised to require that 
information to demonstrate responsibility and commitment to compliance 
(including mitigating factors and remedial measures such as contractor 
actions taken to address the violations, labor compliance agreements, 
and other steps taken to achieve compliance with labor laws) is 
provided in SAM (FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii), 22.2004-3(b)(2)). The ALCA, 
in providing analysis and advice to the contracting officer, provides 
such supporting information that the ALCA finds to be relevant, which 
may include discussion of mitigating factors and remedial measures.
    Comment: A respondent noted concerns that Congress may not fund the 
President's fiscal year 2016 budget request for an office of labor 
compliance within DOL that would be staffed by 15 Federal employees at 
a cost of $2.6 million.
    Response: DOL and the FAR Council are committed to fulfilling their 
duties under the E.O.
d. Respective Roles of Contracting Officers and ALCAs in Making 
Responsibility Determinations
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that ALCAs and DOL, rather 
than contracting officers, would decide which contractors are deemed 
responsible to receive contract awards.
    Response: Contracting officers determine the responsibility of 
prime contractors. DOL is available to the ALCA for coordination and 
assistance, and the ALCA provides analysis and advice for use by the 
contracting officer. Neither DOL nor the ALCA make responsibility 
determinations. The FAR provides for advisory input by technical 
subject matter experts to assist contracting officers. For example, see 
FAR 1.602-2(c) which requires contracting officers to request and 
consider the advice of specialists in audit, law, engineering, 
information security, transportation, and other fields, as appropriate.
    Comment: Respondent speculated that contracting officers will 
inevitably receive pressure from ALCAs, and that ALCA inputs may drive 
contracting decisions.
    Response: According to FAR 1.602-1(b), no contract shall be entered 
into unless the contracting officer ensures all requirements of law, 
executive orders, regulations, and all other applicable procedures have 
been met. As advisors to the contracting officer, ALCAs provide an 
assessment of labor law violation information, including mitigating 
factors and remedial information, for the contracting officer's 
consideration during the responsibility determination process. ALCAs, 
like other technical expert advisors to the contracting officer, may 
provide inputs that are persuasive; however, the ultimate determination 
of responsibility is the contracting officer's.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that contracting officers be 
required to document reasons for not

[[Page 58601]]

complying with ALCA recommendations, and that agencies be required to 
track compliance and publicly report the results on a regular basis.
    Response: The final rule has been revised at FAR 22.2004-
2(b)(5)(ii) and 22.2004-3(b)(4) to require contracting officers to 
place the ALCA's written analysis into the file and explain how it was 
considered. Preaward procurement-specific information is protected from 
release outside the Government per FAR 9.105-3, as it relates to the 
responsibility of a prospective contractor. Separately, the E.O. at 
Section 3(h) requires agencies to publicly report agency actions in 
response to serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive violations, 
which agencies will implement in a manner suitable to protecting 
procurement-specific information, e.g., on a cumulative basis.
    Comment: Respondent suggested that contracting officers not 
complying with ALCA recommendations of nonresponsibility be required to 
seek and obtain concurrence and approval from the senior agency 
procurement official.
    Response: ALCAs are advisors to the contracting officer. As part of 
the ALCA analysis and advice, ALCAs make a recommendation about whether 
the prospective contractor's record supports a finding by the 
contracting officer of a satisfactory record of integrity and business 
ethics (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(3)). ALCAs provide analysis and advice on 
one aspect of responsibility: Integrity and business ethics regarding 
labor law violations. Contracting officers consider the information 
provided by advisors such as ALCAs, as well as advice from other 
experts. The FAR generally does not require higher-level review and 
approval of a contracting officer's responsibility determination.
    Comment: Respondents alleged that ALCA determinations violate 
contractor due process rights.
    Response: According to FAR 1.602-1(b), no contract shall be entered 
into unless the contracting officer ensures all requirements of law, 
executive orders, regulations, and all other applicable procedures have 
been met. ALCAs provide input to be considered during the contracting 
officer's responsibility determination process; however, ALCAs are 
advisors to contracting officers and do not make responsibility 
determinations. The assessments of ALCAs do not violate prospective 
contractors' due process rights, because ALCAs are advisors to the 
contracting officer in the well-established responsibility 
determination process. Neither the E.O. nor the final rule affects 
contractors' rights to administrative hearings. (See also Section 
III.B.1. above.)
    Comment: Respondents alleged that ALCA determinations have the 
potential to result in de facto debarments. Specifically, respondents 
alleged there is a danger that one ALCA determination and a subsequent 
contracting officer decision, finding a contractor nonresponsible, 
would be improperly copied across the Government on multiple contract 
actions.
    Response: ALCAs provide analysis and advice to contracting officers 
about one aspect of offeror responsibility; it is the contracting 
officer who makes the final responsibility determination. In addition, 
as required by FAR 9.105-2(b)(2)(i), contracting officers must publish 
in FAPIIS nonresponsibility determinations on acquisitions above the 
simplified acquisition threshold. If the contracting officer finds 
nonresponsibility determinations previously submitted in FAPIIS under 
FAR 9.105-2 because the contractor does not have a satisfactory record 
of integrity and business ethics, FAR 9.104-6(c) requires the 
contracting officer to notify the agency official responsible for 
initiating suspension and debarment action if the information appears 
appropriate for consideration. This FAR requirement for suspension and 
debarment notification is intended to prevent de facto debarments. 
There is no evidence that nonresponsibility determinations have been 
improperly ``copied'' across the Government on multiple contract 
actions. (See also Section III.B.1. above.)
    Comment: Respondents raised concerns that the potential of an ALCA 
making a nonresponsibility recommendation would lead to coercive 
efforts against potential contractors to enter into labor compliance 
agreements.
    Response: ALCA assessments are provided to the contracting officer, 
who considers a range of information on various aspects of 
responsibility. An ALCA's analysis may indicate to the contracting 
officer that a labor compliance agreement is warranted. A contracting 
officer will notify the contractor that the ALCA has advised that a 
labor compliance agreement is warranted. See FAR 22.2004-2(b)(7) and 
22.2004-3(b)(4)(i)(B)(1). There is no evidence to suggest that ALCAs or 
contracting officers would act inappropriately in executing their 
respective duties and responsibilities.
    Comment: Respondent recommended procuring agencies engage in a 
dialogue between offerors and ALCAs prior to award, suggesting that a 
great deal of transparency between the Government and individual 
contractors is necessary.
    Response: The rule provides for exchange of information in FAR 
22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii) and 52.222-57(d)(1)(iii), where each prospective 
contractor has an opportunity to provide additional information to the 
contracting officer it deems necessary to demonstrate its 
responsibility, e.g., mitigating factors, remedial measures, etc. The 
ALCAs are advisors to contracting officers, and as such, ALCA dialogue 
with potential offerors is not available to the public. Additionally, 
the DOL Guidance provides transparency in the form of early engagement 
preassessment opportunities for prospective contractors.
    Comment: Respondents were concerned that the role of the ALCA is 
not consistent with, or usurps, the duties of contracting officers and 
debarring officials.
    Response: ALCAs are advisors to contracting officers in the field 
of labor law; their provision of analysis and advice is consistent with 
the advisory role of other specialists consulted by contracting 
officers (FAR 1.602-2(c)), and with the role of the contracting officer 
in making final decisions in contracting matters. In addition, the ALCA 
functions and duties are separate and distinct from the suspension and 
debarment process.
e. Number of Appointed ALCAs, ALCA Expertise, and ALCA Advice/Analysis 
Turn-Around Time Insufficient
    Comment: Respondents raised concern over the language at Section 3 
of the E.O., which reads in part ``[e]ach agency shall designate a 
senior agency official to be an [ALCA].'' Respondents were concerned 
that each agency would have only one ALCA available to assist 
contracting officers in analyzing and responding to labor law 
violations, and as a result, ALCAs at certain agencies with a high 
volume of contract work would cause delays in the procurement process.
    Response: The E.O. requires each agency to designate a senior 
agency official to serve as the agency's labor compliance advisor, and 
it would be beyond the authority of this rule to require agencies to 
appoint more than one ALCA. However, agencies have discretion to 
develop an appropriate support structure to allow for successful 
implementation of the ALCA's responsibilities. For example, an agency 
has one General Counsel, one Chief Financial Officer, one Chief 
Acquisition Officer, and one Chief Information Officer, but each has 
support staff. In

[[Page 58602]]

response to the concern about delays in the procurement process, if an 
ALCA does not reply in a timely manner, the contracting officer has the 
discretion to make a responsibility determination using available 
information and business judgment (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(5)(iii)).
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, raised 
concerns that three business days were insufficient time for an ALCA to 
provide written advice and recommendations to contracting officers 
during the preaward assessment of an offeror's labor law violations.
    Response: As stated at FAR 22.2004-2(b)(2)(i), contracting officers 
shall request that ALCAs provide written analysis and advice ``within 
three business days of the request, or another time period determined 
by the contracting officer.'' The time period for an ALCA to provide 
written advice to a contracting officer is adjustable according to 
contracting officer requirements; however, the standard timeframe is 
three business days. If an ALCA response is not timely, the contracting 
officer has the discretion to make a responsibility determination using 
available information and business judgment (see FAR 22.2004-
2(b)(5)(iii)). Additionally, contractors and subcontractors are 
encouraged to avail themselves of the preassessment process to consult 
with DOL in advance of a particular procurement opportunity, which will 
facilitate processes during procurements (see DOL Guidance Section VI 
Preassessment).
    Comment: Respondents raised concerns about the lack of guidance 
regarding training, knowledge and expertise required for an individual 
to be qualified for appointment as an ALCA. Respondents recommended 
that ALCAs have training in labor law and the role of labor 
organizations in order to assist them in understanding and evaluating 
the various labor laws identified in FAR 22.2002 of the rule.
    Response: The Government has issued internal guidance to agencies 
identifying ALCA's appropriate qualifications and expertise. See OMB 
Memorandum M-15-08, March 6, 2015, Implementation of the President's 
Executive Order on Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces. Agencies will consider 
the knowledge, training, and expertise of individuals they appoint to 
fulfill ALCA duties as they do for all other positions, as well as 
relevant factors, including an individual's demonstrated knowledge and 
expertise in Federal labor laws and regulations enumerated in the E.O. 
Agencies are responsible for ensuring that ALCAs have sufficient 
training to perform their duties. In addition, the Government plans to 
develop internal policies and operating procedures for ALCAs.
7. Labor Compliance Agreements
    Introductory Summary: Discussion of labor compliance agreements in 
the DOL and FAR Preambles and coverage in the final DOL Guidance and 
FAR rule have been reviewed for consistency. Discussion of public 
comments and responses submitted on the topic of labor compliance 
agreements is found in the DOL Preamble Section by Section Analysis at 
Section III. Preaward assessment and advice, C. Advice regarding a 
contractor's record of Labor Law compliance; coverage of labor 
compliance agreements in the DOL Guidance is also in Section III. 
Preaward assessment and advice, C. Advice regarding a contractor's 
record of Labor Law compliance.
    Labor compliance agreements are defined at FAR 22.2002 as ``an 
agreement entered into between a contractor or subcontractor and an 
enforcement agency to address appropriate remedial measures, compliance 
assistance, steps to resolve issues to increase compliance with the 
labor laws, or other related matters.'' The ALCA reviews disclosed 
labor law violation information (including mitigating factors and 
remedial measures) and, using DOL Guidance, provides analysis and 
advice for the contracting officer to consider when assessing the 
prospective contractor's present responsibility (FAR 22.2004-2(b)(3) 
and (4)) and when determining if remedial action is required during 
contract performance (FAR 22.2004-3(b)(3)). If an ALCA includes in its 
analysis a notification to the contracting officer that a labor 
compliance agreement is warranted, the contracting officer will provide 
written notice to the prospective contractor. For preaward assessments, 
the contracting officer's notice will state that the ALCA has 
determined a labor compliance agreement is warranted, identify the name 
of the enforcement agency, and either require the labor compliance 
agreement to be entered into before award, or require the prospective 
contractor to provide a written response to the contracting officer 
regarding the prospective contractor's intent (see FAR 22.2004-
2(b)(7)). For postaward assessments, the contracting officer will 
follow similar procedures in issuing a written notification that a 
labor compliance agreement is necessary (see FAR 22.2004-3(b)(4).
    The Government's objective is to maximize efficiency by negotiating 
a single labor compliance agreement whenever possible. Occasionally, a 
single labor compliance agreement may not be feasible. The Government 
anticipates having a single point of contact within each enforcement 
agency for coordinating labor compliance agreements involving more than 
one enforcement agency.
a. Requirements for Labor Compliance Agreements
    Comment: Respondents expressed differing views on whether a labor 
compliance agreement should be required as a prerequisite for a 
contract award and to continue contract performance. One view was that 
a labor compliance agreement is unnecessary because it is not clearly 
linked to a specific labor problem. Another requested the rule require 
all contractors and subcontractors who violate labor laws during their 
contract performance period to enter into a labor compliance agreement. 
Several respondents proposed that labor compliance agreements be 
incorporated into contracts as mandatory contract clauses.
    Response: A labor compliance agreement is not necessarily a 
prerequisite for a responsibility determination, award, or continued 
performance at either the contract or subcontract level. An assessment 
providing that a labor compliance agreement is warranted for a 
prospective contractor is but one data point that a contracting officer 
will consider in determining responsibility and may or may not have 
bearing on an award decision. Contracting officers have discretion and 
may find responsibility or nonresponsibility in the absence of a labor 
compliance agreement as each responsibility determination is fact 
specific. An ALCA assessment providing that a labor compliance 
agreement is warranted for a performing contractor will result in the 
contracting officer taking appropriate action, which will include 
providing written notification to the contractor that a labor 
compliance agreement is necessary or exercising a contract remedy (see 
FAR 22.2004-3(b)(4)).
    Comment: Respondents requested that the rule explicitly state when 
a labor compliance agreement will be required.
    Response: When labor law violations are of a serious, repeated, 
willful, and/or pervasive nature, the ALCA may recommend to the 
contracting officer that a labor compliance agreement is warranted, 
after taking a holistic view of the totality of circumstances including 
consideration of mitigating factors and remedial measures. The 
contracting officer will notify the offeror in writing

[[Page 58603]]

if negotiation of a labor compliance agreement is warranted.
b. Negotiating Labor Compliance Agreements
    Comment: Respondent opposed the negotiation of labor compliance 
agreements with multiple labor and employment agencies across the 
Government, due to the expected inefficiency of having several parties 
involved in the negotiation process.
    Response: As stated in the introduction to this section, the 
Government's goal is maximizing efficiency and negotiating a single 
labor compliance agreement where feasible.
    Comment: Respondent expressed concern that there was no assurance 
of fairness in the labor compliance agreement process because the 
proposed rule and Guidance fail to include any recourse for a 
contractor to challenge the fairness of the labor compliance agreement 
negotiation process.
    Response: The FAR rule provides opportunities both preaward and 
postaward for contractors to provide relevant information to the 
contracting officer. Such relevant information could include 
information on difficulties in negotiating with enforcement agencies. 
Similar opportunities are provided for subcontractors to provide 
information to DOL. Labor compliance agreements, however, are 
negotiated with enforcement agencies, not procurement agencies, and 
therefore specific processes for entering into labor compliance 
agreements are not covered in the FAR rule.
    Comment: A respondent objected to the expectation in the proposed 
rule and DOL Guidance that contractors would execute labor compliance 
agreements to demonstrate efforts to mitigate labor law violations.
    Response: The objective of the E.O. is to enhance economy and 
efficiency by improving compliance with labor laws. There are many 
methods and mechanisms available to contractors to improve their 
compliance with labor laws. Labor compliance agreements are one such 
mechanism that is made available for those contractors whose labor law 
violation information (including mitigating factors and remedial 
information) is such that a contracting officer may find them 
nonresponsible absent some affirmative action to address concerns 
identified by the ALCA analysis. If other remedial measures have been 
employed such that, when considering the totality of the circumstances, 
the ALCA does not find further actions are warranted, the analysis and 
advice to the contracting officer will reflect this.
c. Settlement Agreements and Administrative Agreements
    Comment: Respondent expressed concern that labor compliance 
agreements are ill-defined in the regulation and seem to be viewed by 
the Government as a cure-all for all alleged labor law violations.
    Response: Labor compliance agreements are one way a contractor can 
demonstrate that it has taken steps to resolve issues to increase 
compliance with the labor laws. Neither the rule nor the DOL Guidance 
anticipates that labor compliance agreements will be seen as a cure-all 
or warranted in every situation. As delineated in the DOL Guidance, 
labor compliance agreements will be considered in circumstances where 
labor law violations are classified as serious, repeated, willful, and/
or pervasive and have not been outweighed by mitigating factors.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that labor compliance 
agreements will duplicate settlement agreements to resolve labor 
litigation or administrative agreements executed to resolve suspension 
and debarment matters.
    Response: Labor compliance agreements, settlement agreements, and 
administrative agreements have similar objectives in addressing labor 
law violations and remedial actions; however, they differ in their 
specific purposes. Remediation efforts for individual cases, such as 
settlement agreements, are entered into to address specific violations. 
Administrative agreements, although they may address broader concerns, 
resolve issues concerning present responsibility during suspension and 
debarment proceedings. The objective is that labor compliance 
agreements will not duplicate or conflict with existing settlement 
agreements or administrative agreements. In determining whether a labor 
compliance agreement is necessary, the ALCA will consider information 
about mitigating factors provided by the contractor. If the contractor 
provides information about preexisting settlement or administrative 
agreements in the mitigating information, the ALCA will necessarily 
consider them. After conducting a holistic review of the totality of 
relevant information, the ALCA will advise that a labor compliance 
agreement may be warranted notwithstanding any prior agreements. DOL 
similarly will take a holistic view of the totality of relevant 
information when considering whether a labor compliance agreement is 
warranted in the case of a subcontractor. (See also Section III.B.1.d. 
above.)
d. Third Party Input
    Comment: Respondents requested the regulation create a process for 
third parties such as unions, worker centers, advocates and 
subcontractors to have input in the following areas regarding labor 
compliance agreements:
     Reporting labor law violations to the contracting officer,
     Providing input into the terms of labor compliance 
agreements, and
     Providing information on contractor compliance with labor 
compliance agreements.
    Response: Under current procurement practices, interested third 
parties may report relevant information, including labor law 
violations, to the contracting officer and to the appropriate 
enforcement agency. Consistent with these current practices, third 
parties may provide relevant information regarding compliance or 
noncompliance with labor compliance agreements to the contracting 
officer, ALCA, and to the appropriate enforcement agency. Enforcement 
agencies will follow internal policies and procedures as they negotiate 
and enter into labor compliance agreements with contractors. However, 
to increase awareness that current practices will apply to issues of 
labor law compliance, the final rule has been revised at FAR 22.2004-
3(b)(1) to indicate that at the postaward stage ALCAs will consider 
labor law decision information received from sources other than SAM or 
FAPIIS.
e. Consideration of Labor Compliance Agreements in Past Performance 
Evaluations
    Comment: Respondents requested that the rule clarify that when a 
contractor violated a labor compliance agreement or refused to enter 
into one, the contracting officer should document this in a past 
performance evaluation. Another respondent opposed doing so as being 
excessive since the contracting officer has existing tools available to 
address noncompliance with a labor compliance agreement.
    Response: Although the Councils did not adopt the alternative 
supplemental FAR language (22.2004-5 Consideration of Compliance with 
Labor Laws in Evaluation of Contractor Performance) presented for 
consideration in the proposed rule preamble, the Councils sought to 
achieve a balance between providing reasonable opportunities for 
contractors to initiate and implement remedial measures and taking 
appropriate action when remediation is not adequate or timely. In order 
that compliance with labor laws is considered during source selection

[[Page 58604]]

when past performance is an evaluation factor, the final rule has been 
revised to include language at FAR 42.1502(j) requiring that past 
performance evaluations shall include an assessment of contractor's 
labor violation information when the contract includes the clause at 
52.222-59. FAR 22.2004-1(c)(2) describes the ALCA's role in providing 
input to the individual responsible for preparing and documenting past 
performance in Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System.
f. Public Disclosure of Labor Compliance Agreements and Relevant Labor 
Law Violation Information
    Comment: Respondents made recommendations for public disclosure of 
certain information and suggested the establishment of a user-friendly 
public database for implementation of Section 2 of the E.O. The types 
of information suggested included:
     All workplace law violations;
     Labor compliance agreements;
     Mitigating factors and remedial measures;
     DOL and ALCA recommendations, including their underlying 
reasoning; and,
     Lists of companies undergoing labor law violation 
assessments and those not meeting the terms of their labor compliance 
agreements.
    Response: The E.O. did not prescribe that the specific information 
respondents identified be made public or included in a public database. 
However, the final rule provides language at FAR 22.2004-2 and 22.2004-
3 for public disclosure of certain relevant labor law decision 
information.
    Under FAR 22.2004-2(b), 52.212-3(s) and 52.222-57, prospective 
contractors are required to represent whether the prospective 
contractor has labor law decisions rendered during the disclosure 
period. This representation will be public information in FAPIIS. See 
FAR 52.212-3(s)(5) and 52.222-57(f).
    If the contracting officer initiates a responsibility 
determination, the prospective contractor discloses in SAM certain 
information for each labor law decision. This information will be 
publicly available in FAPIIS. See FAR 52.212-3(s)(3) and 52.222-57(d). 
Also in SAM, contractors will provide additional information they deem 
necessary to demonstrate responsibility, including mitigating factors 
and remedial measures, which may include labor compliance agreements. 
This information will not be made public unless the contractor 
determines that it wants this information to be made public. See FAR 
52.212-3(s)(3) and 52.222-57(d). A similar process is outlined in FAR 
22.2004-3 and 52.222-59 for postaward updates of labor law decision 
information, if there are new labor law decisions or updates to 
previously disclosed labor law decisions. The existence of a labor 
compliance agreement will be public in FAPIIS. See FAR 22.2004-
1(c)(c)(6). These processes are designed to strike a balance between 
ensuring the Government has access to the information necessary to make 
an informed analysis of a contractor's labor law violation information 
and informed procurement decisions and recognizing the potentially 
sensitive nature of relevant labor law violation information.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that DOL should regularly 
publish lists of companies undergoing responsibility investigations, as 
well as the names of contractors that have not entered into a labor 
compliance agreement in a timely manner or are not meeting the terms of 
an existing agreement.
    Response: The E.O. does not direct DOL to publicly publish 
information suggested by the respondent; however, such information will 
be available to ALCAs in performing their assessments of offerors and 
contractors. While recognizing the value of transparency, the Councils 
have concluded that it is also appropriate to protect sensitive 
information and have limited the public exposure of information.
g. Labor Compliance Agreement--Suggested Improvements, Including 
Protections Against Retaliation
    Comment: Many respondents offered suggestions to improve the labor 
compliance agreement process, including:
     A labor compliance agreement should contain provisions 
protecting employees against retaliation when they lodge complaints 
under a labor compliance agreement.
     Contractor employees should participate in developing a 
labor compliance agreement and process.
     Labor compliance agreement enforcement should be 
centralized in DOL, and any labor compliance agreement should be 
entered into between the DOL and/or Occupational Safety and Health 
Review Commission and the contractor.
     A labor compliance agreement should not modify or supplant 
the terms of existing remediation agreements.
     Specific guidance should exist on what should be included 
in a labor compliance agreement, to include a list of specific 
elements.
     Additional guidance should be provided to ensure future 
compliance with workplace laws, including plans for enhanced reporting, 
notice, and protection for workers to safeguard against future 
violations.
    Response: E.O. 13673 does not provide for protection, beyond the 
existing anti-retaliation protection included in statutes such as Title 
VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities 
Act, and the statutes regarding whistleblower protections for 
contractor employees (see FAR subpart 3.9). Therefore, the rule does 
not create additional protections. Complaints related to labor 
compliance agreements will be addressed in accordance with the policies 
and procedures of the relevant enforcement agency. The enforcement 
agencies, which will be party to the labor compliance agreements, will 
negotiate the terms of each labor compliance agreement on a case-by-
case basis, taking into consideration the totality of the 
circumstances.
     A labor compliance agreement is negotiated between 
contractors and enforcement agencies, and E.O. 13673 does not provide 
for input from third parties into their negotiation.
     As stated in the introduction to this section, the 
Government's goal is to negotiate a single labor compliance agreement 
where feasible and to appoint a single contact within each enforcement 
agency for coordination. Each enforcement agency has a unique 
jurisdiction, and E.O. 13673 does not alter these jurisdictions or 
shift jurisdictional authority to DOL for labor compliance agreements.
     When an enforcement agency negotiates a labor compliance 
agreement with a contractor, it will have access to existing 
remediation agreements. The Government does not anticipate duplicate or 
conflicting terms among agreements. (Also see Section III.B.1.d. 
above.)
     Enforcement agencies enter into labor compliance 
agreements with the contractor; therefore, it is not appropriate to 
prescribe the content of such agreements in the FAR. Enforcement 
agencies will determine the agreement contents on a case-by-case basis, 
taking into consideration the totality of the circumstances.
     The FAR rule implements the E.O. by ensuring that the 
specific requirements of the E.O. that apply to procurement actions 
have been implemented in the final rule. These requirements will serve 
to improve future compliance. For example,

[[Page 58605]]

contracting officers will give contractors the opportunity to disclose 
``mitigating factors and remedial measures such as Offeror actions 
taken to address the violations, labor compliance agreements, and other 
steps taken to achieve compliance with labor laws'' (FAR 52.222-
57(d)(1)(iii)). Another example is that ALCAs advise contracting 
officers at FAR 22.2004-2(b)(3) on whether the contractor's record of 
labor law compliance warrants a labor compliance agreement. By 
definition, a labor compliance agreement is designed to increase 
compliance with labor laws (see FAR 22.2002).
    Also, as discussed in its Preamble, through its work with 
enforcement agencies, DOL will provide assistance in analyzing whether 
remediation efforts are sufficient to bring contractors into compliance 
with labor laws and whether implemented programs or processes will 
improve future compliance.
h. Weight Given to Labor Compliance Agreements in Responsibility 
Determinations
    Comment: A respondent proposed that a contractor's refusal to enter 
into a labor compliance agreement, or its failure to comply with a 
labor compliance agreement, be deemed an aggravating factor in a 
contracting officer's responsibility determination.
    Response: Efforts to negotiate and enter into a labor compliance 
agreement, and adherence to a labor compliance agreement, are addressed 
in ALCA assessments and are likewise considered in a contracting 
officer's review of a contractor's record of integrity and business 
ethics, as part of the responsibility determination. Responsibility 
determinations are fact specific, and contracting officers, after 
reviewing and considering the totality of relevant information to the 
particular procurement, exercise discretion in determining present 
responsibility (see FAR subpart 9.1). This is a longstanding tenet of 
procurement practice in the FAR.
i. Concern Regarding Improper Discussions
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern that discussions with a 
contracting officer regarding a labor compliance agreement could 
constitute improper interaction with offerors and violate the rules in 
FAR part 15 on holding discussions. The active solicitation and receipt 
of information and the follow-up discussions regarding the remediation 
of violations and the terms upon which a contractor will be deemed 
presently responsible pose significant risks of exceeding the 
prescribed review of a contractor's record to determine present 
responsibility for a particular procurement and may also exceed the 
limited clarification of offers permitted prior to establishment of a 
competitive range. Only once a competitive range is established can the 
Government engage in discussions with offerors.
    Response: The rule makes it clear at FAR 22.2004-2 that when a 
contracting officer receives information about an offeror's labor law 
violations, and the remediation of those violations, this is done to 
determine ``whether a prospective contractor is a responsible source 
that has a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics.'' This 
is typically done just prior to an award decision, which is after, not 
during, a contracting officer's evaluation of offers. This does not 
disturb the competition for a contract. Information needed to make a 
responsibility determination may be obtained by the contracting officer 
in accordance with FAR 9.105-1. Discussions under FAR part 15 are 
distinct from communications with offerors pursuant to responsibility 
determinations.
    The contractor is encouraged to work with DOL on improving the 
contractor's labor law compliance. This can be before the contractor 
makes an offer on a solicitation.
j. Process for Enforcement of Labor Compliance Agreements
    Comment: A respondent recommended that guidance be provided for 
penalties to be administered when a labor compliance agreement is 
violated.
    Response: The FAR rule at 22.2004-3(b) provides for the ALCA 
assessment to address whether the contractor is meeting the terms of a 
labor compliance agreement. This information is provided to the 
contracting officer for consideration in making procurement-related 
decisions, including where the contractor should be referred to the 
agency suspending and debarring official (see the third example in 
22.2004-2(b)(3)(vi)). Procurement agencies are not parties to labor 
compliance agreements and therefore do not enforce their terms.
k. Pressure or Leverage To Negotiate a Labor Compliance Agreement
    Comment: Respondents raised concerns that: The Government will use 
a labor compliance agreement to improperly expand its remedial 
authority beyond those statutorily authorized by Congress, contracting 
officers and ALCAs do not have enforcement authority, and a labor 
compliance agreement will become an extra-legal mechanism for exacting 
remedies from contractors that could not otherwise be imposed.
    Response: The E.O. does not disrupt or alter existing remedies 
provided under any of the 14 covered labor laws. Instead, the E.O. and 
FAR implementation give prospective contractors an additional means, 
labor compliance agreements, to demonstrate remediation of labor law 
violations and efforts to prevent future labor law violations. Labor 
compliance agreements are entered into with enforcement agencies that 
have jurisdictional authority for the particular labor law(s) violated 
and so no expansion or extra-legal authority will be undertaken. (See 
also Section III.B.1. above.)
l. False or Without Merit Allegations/Citations
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that the rule forces 
contractors into entering into a labor compliance agreement regardless 
of the merits of the allegations, because the definition of an 
administrative merits determination presumes all accusations equate to 
violations. Respondents also raised a concern that third parties could 
force a contractor into a labor compliance agreement by creating 
unfounded complaints to undermine the responsibility determination 
process.
    Response: An accusation or claim by a party does not meet the 
definition of a labor law decision. A labor law decision is not an 
allegation; instead, only civil judgments, arbitral awards or 
decisions, and administrative merits determinations are labor law 
decisions. The terms are discussed in detail in Section II.B. of the 
DOL Guidance.
m. Interference With Due Process
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that the proposed rule 
provides virtually no due process protections, stating that every labor 
law identified in the E.O. has its own enforcement regime. Each 
provides for varying levels of due process for contractors before they 
can be forced to pay a fine, or comply with long term injunctive 
relief.
    Response: The final rule, consistent with the proposed rule, does 
not eliminate any due process protections afforded to parties under the 
14 covered labor laws. As explained in discussion of the legal issues 
in the above section III.B.1. and in the DOL Preamble, Section V., 
Discussion of general comments, paragraph D.3., neither the E.O., FAR 
rule, nor the DOL Guidance

[[Page 58606]]

diminishes existing procedural safeguards already afforded to 
prospective contractors during the preaward responsibility 
determination or to contractors after they have been awarded a 
contract. Moreover, the E.O. does not violate due process because 
contractors receive notice that the responsibility determination is 
being made and are offered a predecisional opportunity to be heard by 
submission of any relevant information--including mitigating factors 
related to any labor law decision. Nothing in the E.O. diminishes 
contractors' postdecisional opportunity to be heard through existing 
administrative processes and the Federal courts. Likewise, the E.O. 
does not diminish or interfere with due process procedures available 
with the enforcement agencies that have jurisdictional authority for 
each of the 14 listed labor laws.
8. Paycheck Transparency
    Introductory Summary: Section 5 of the E.O. requires contractors to 
provide wage statements to individuals working for them, overtime 
exemption notices to employees exempt from the overtime compensation 
requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) for whom the 
contractor does not want to include hours-worked information on those 
employees' wage statements, and documentation to individual workers 
treated as independent contractors notifying them of their status as 
independent contractors. Section 5 of the E.O. is implemented by FAR 
22.2005 and clause 52.222-60 Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 
13673).
    The purpose is to increase transparency in compensation information 
and employment status, which will enhance workers' awareness of their 
rights, promote greater employer compliance with labor laws, and 
thereby increase economy and efficiency in Government contracting.
    Section 5 of the E.O. requires contractors to provide, on contracts 
that exceed $500,000, a wage statement document (e.g., a pay stub) in 
every pay period to all individuals performing work under the contract, 
for whom contractors are required to maintain wage records under the 
FLSA, the Wage Rate Requirements (Construction) statute (also known as 
the Davis-Bacon Act or DBA, see FAR 1.110), or the Service Contract 
Labor Standards statute (also known as the Service Contract Act or 
SCA). The content of the wage statement is covered at FAR 52.222-60 and 
must include the total hours worked in the pay period, the number of 
those hours that were overtime hours, the rate of pay, the gross pay, 
and itemized additions made to or deductions taken from gross pay. 
However, for employees who are exempt from the overtime compensation 
requirements of the FLSA, contractors do not need to provide 
information in that employee's wage statement about hours worked, if 
the contractor has provided written notice of the employee's overtime 
exemption status.
    The E.O. requires that the wage statement also be provided to 
individuals performing work under the contract for whom contractors are 
required to maintain wage records under State laws equivalent to the 
FLSA, DBA, or SCA. Section 2(a)(i)(O) of the E.O. requires DOL to 
identify those equivalent State laws.
    DOL plans to identify these State laws in a second Guidance to be 
published in the Federal Register at a later date (see Section III.B.12 
below).
    The E.O. also requires contractors to provide a document to all 
individuals performing work under the contract as independent 
contractors informing them of that status. The clause at FAR 52.222-60 
requires that the document must be provided anew for each Government 
contract, at the time the independent contractor relationship with the 
individual is established, or prior to the time the individual begins 
to perform work on the Government contract.
    The E.O. also states the E.O.'s wage statement requirement is 
``deemed to be fulfilled if the contractor is complying with State or 
local requirements that the Secretary of Labor has determined are 
substantially similar to those required by this subsection.'' The DOL 
determination of Substantially Similar Wage Payment States may be found 
at www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces. Where a significant portion of 
the workforce is not fluent in English, the clause requires a 
contractor to provide its required notices in English and the language 
with which the significant portion of the workforce is fluent. The 
clause allows notices to be provided to workers electronically under 
certain circumstances.
    The clause flows down to subcontractors with subcontracts over 
$500,000, other than subcontracts which are for COTS items.
    Department of Labor Guidance--Section VII of the DOL Guidance 
addresses paycheck transparency. The DOL Guidance assists agencies in 
interpreting the paycheck transparency provisions of the E.O. and the 
FAR rule. Like the FAR Council, DOL also received public comments 
regarding these provisions. DOL analyzed public comments, and made 
recommendations which the FAR Council is adopting in the final rule 
version of the clause. The DOL analysis is summarized here. For more 
detail on the reconciliation of the comments see the DOL Preamble 
published today accompanying the DOL Guidance.
a. Wage Statement Provision
    DOL and the FAR Council received many comments regarding the 
different aspects of the proposed wage statement requirements. Employee 
advocates generally supported the Order's wage statement provisions. 
Employer organizations, on the other hand, commented that the wage 
statement provisions are overly burdensome and in addition made several 
specific suggestions and objections.
    In order to implement the purposes of the Order's wage-statement 
requirement, the final FAR rule has interpreted the term ``pay'' to 
mean both gross pay and rate of pay. See FAR 52.222-60(b). The final 
rule has clarified that any additions made to or deductions taken from 
gross pay must be itemized or identified in the wage statement. See FAR 
52.222-60(b). The FAR final rule, therefore, provides that wage 
statements required under the E.O. must contain the following 
information: (1) Hours worked, (2) overtime hours, (3) rate of pay, (4) 
gross pay, and (5) an itemization of each addition to or deduction from 
gross pay. Nothing prohibits the contractor from including more 
information in the wage statement (e.g., exempt-status notification, 
overtime pay rate).
i. Rate of Pay
    Comment: Several respondents suggested that contractors should be 
required to include in the wage statement: (a) The worker's rate of 
pay, (b) hours and earnings at the basic rate, and (c) hours and 
earnings at the overtime rate. In their view, these would allow ``a 
worker to fully understand the basis for his or her net pay.'' They 
argued that the term ``pay'' in the E.O. should be defined to include 
both the worker's regular rate of pay and the total amount of pay for 
the pay period. ``[E]mployers are already required to keep [the rate of 
pay] information under the FLSA, it is not a burden for them to 
disclose this information to their workers.'' Other respondents also 
noted that several states already require rate of pay information in 
wage statements, ``demonstrating the reasonableness of this 
requirement.'' Another respondent suggested that the wage statement 
should include the ``overtime rate of pay and hours calculated,'' 
reasoning that the ``rate of pay alone is not sufficient

[[Page 58607]]

for a worker to calculate his or her overtime hours . . . .'' 
Respondents also suggested that the Guidance ``should make clear that 
the terms used in the paycheck transparency provisions have the same 
meaning as they do under the FLSA.''
    Response: The FAR Council and DOL agree with the respondents that 
the wage statements required under the E.O.'s paycheck transparency 
provisions should include the rate of pay information. The E.O. states 
that the wage statement must contain the worker's ``pay.'' As the 
respondents noted, the term ``pay'' can and should be defined to 
include both ``gross pay'' and ``rate of pay.'' DOL indicates that a 
worker's rate of pay is a crucial piece of information that should 
appear in the wage statement, because a worker's knowledge of his or 
her rate of pay enables the worker to more easily determine whether all 
wages due have been paid. Inclusion of rate of pay in wage statements 
will reduce the time an employer spends resolving pay disputes because 
workers will have available the information on which their pay was 
determined, and be able to identify any problems at an earlier date. 
Thus, including the rate of pay in the wage statement will help to 
implement the purposes of the E.O.'s wage statement provision by 
providing workers with information about how their pay is calculated, 
enabling workers to raise any concerns about their pay early on, and 
encouraging employers to proactively resolve such concerns. All parties 
have an interest in ensuring that workers receive their full pay when 
it is earned--including contractors who benefit from fair competition, 
employee satisfaction, and limiting liability for damages resulting 
from unpaid wages. Also, in most cases, contractors compute gross pay 
by multiplying the regular hours worked by the worker's rate of pay 
and, in overtime workweeks, by also multiplying the overtime hours 
worked by time and one half of the rate of pay. As contractors cannot 
compute the worker's earnings without the rate of pay information, 
workers similarly cannot easily determine how their earnings are 
computed without inclusion of the rate of pay information in the wage 
statement.
    Moreover, the relevant laws already require that the employer keep 
a record of the rate of pay. As one employee advocacy organization 
pointed out, the employer must maintain a record of a nonexempt 
employee's rate of pay under the FLSA. See 29 CFR 516.2(a)(6)(i). A 
requirement to keep rate of pay information also applies to SCA-covered 
contracts, see 29 CFR 4.6(g)(1)(ii), and to DBA-covered contracts, see 
29 CFR 5.5(a)(3)(i). In general, for DBA and SCA, the basic hourly rate 
listed in the wage determination is considered the rate of pay that is 
to be included in the wage statement. Under the FLSA, rate of pay is 
determined by dividing the employee's total remuneration (except 
statutory exclusions) by total hours worked in the workweek. See 29 CFR 
778.109.
    In addition, DOL has identified 15 States that require the worker's 
rate of pay to be included in wage statements. Contractors located in 
one of these 15 States should already be compliant with the requirement 
to include the rate of pay in the wage statement. Therefore, including 
this information in the wage statement helps the worker to understand 
the gross pay received and how it was calculated, in order to realize 
the purposes of the E.O. with limited burden to contractors.
    DOL indicates that it is not essential for the overtime rate of pay 
to be included in the wage statement. For example, in order to check 
the accuracy of the wages paid in weeks when overtime hours are worked, 
a worker can generally perform the necessary calculations. The 
inclusion of the overtime rate of pay in the wage statement would 
slightly simplify the calculation for the worker. In most situations, 
once the worker knows his or her rate of pay, the worker can readily 
determine what the overtime pay rate should be by simply multiplying 
the rate of pay by time and one half (by a factor of 1.5).
    In addition, the FLSA, SCA, and DBA regulations do not require 
contractors to keep a record of the overtime pay rate in their payroll 
records. Similarly, with some exceptions, State laws generally do not 
require that the overtime rate of pay be included in wage statements. 
Therefore, requiring the overtime rate of pay in the wage statement 
would be a new burden on contractors and, as already discussed, having 
the overtime pay-rate information in the wage statement does not 
significantly improve the worker's ability to determine whether the 
correct wages were paid.
    With regard to the comment that the Guidance should make clear that 
the terms used in the E.O.'s paycheck transparency provision should be 
given the same meaning as in the FLSA, DOL agrees with this comment to 
the extent the FLSA provides relevant meaning and context to the terms 
in the E.O.'s paycheck transparency provisions. DOL has cited to the 
FLSA regulations where applicable.
ii. Itemizing Additions Made to and Deductions Taken From Wages
    Comment: Employee advocates urged DOL to require contractors to 
itemize additions made to and deductions taken from wages in the wage 
statement.
    Response: The Councils and DOL agree with respondents that the 
additions made to and deductions taken from gross pay should be 
itemized in the wage statement. Section 5(a) of the E.O. provides that 
the wage statement should, among other items, include ``any additions 
made to or deductions made from pay.'' The E.O., therefore, already 
contemplates that any and all additions or deductions be separately 
noted in the wage statement; in other words, the wage statement must 
itemize or identify each addition or deduction, and not merely provide 
a lump sum for the total additions and deductions. Accordingly, the FAR 
final rule and the final Guidance clarify that additions and deductions 
must be itemized.
    Neither DOL nor the Councils received comments specifically 
objecting to the itemization of additions or deductions.
    With regard to suggestions by employee advocates that the wage 
statements should identify the name and address of each fringe benefit 
fund, and the plan sponsor and administrator of each fringe benefit 
plan, DOL believes, and the Councils agree, that listing such 
information in the wage statement would be duplicative.
    Comment: One respondent requested that the hourly fringe-benefit 
rate be listed in the wage statement.
    Response: DOL concludes, and the Councils agree, that it is not 
essential to include the hourly fringe-benefit rate in the wage 
statement.
    The amount of the fringe benefit required by the DBA or SCA is 
typically expressed as an hourly rate in the wage determinations issued 
by DOL. The contractor may pay this amount as a contribution to a 
fringe benefit fund or plan, or in ``cash'' as an addition to the 
worker's wages. Section 5(a) of the E.O. requires any additions made to 
gross pay be listed in the wage statement. DOL stated that fringe-
benefit amounts paid by the contractor into a fund or plan (e.g., 
health insurance or retirement plan) on behalf of the worker should not 
be considered additions to the worker's gross pay for purposes of the 
Order. Such fringe-benefit contributions are excludable from the 
regular rate for purposes of computing overtime pay under the FLSA and 
are not taxable. Fringe-benefit contributions paid by the contractor on 
behalf of the worker thus do not need to be included

[[Page 58608]]

in the wage statement, as such information has no bearing on 
determining whether the worker received the correct cash wages as 
reported in the wage statement.
    The wage determination issued under the DBA and SCA that is 
applicable to the contract must be posted by the contractor at the site 
of work in a prominent and accessible place where it can be easily seen 
by the workers. See 29 CFR 5.5(a)(1)(i), 4.6(e). Workers therefore have 
access to fringe benefit rate information, further negating the 
necessity to include the fringe benefit rate amount in the wage 
statement.
    On the other hand, when the contractor elects to meet its fringe 
benefit obligation under the DBA or SCA by paying all or part of the 
stated hourly amount in ``cash'' to the worker, the payments are 
subject to tax withholdings, and the wage statement should list the 
fringe benefit amounts paid as an addition to the worker's pay. Such 
amounts are part of gross pay.
iii. Weekly Accounting of Overtime Hours Worked
    Comment: Industry respondents objected to the proposed requirement 
that if the wage statement is not provided weekly and is instead 
provided bi-weekly or semi-monthly (because the pay period is bi-weekly 
or semi-monthly), then the hours worked and overtime hours contained in 
the wage statement must be broken down to correspond to the period for 
which overtime is actually calculated and paid (which will almost 
always be weekly). See 80 FR 30571 (FAR proposed rule); 80 FR 30591 
(DOL proposed Guidance). Several employer representatives stated that 
contractors generally issue wage statements on a bi-weekly basis, and 
do not separately provide the number of hours worked (regular and 
overtime hours) for the first and second workweeks of the bi-weekly pay 
period. These respondents stated that requiring a weekly accounting of 
regular hours worked (i.e., hours worked up to 40 hours) and overtime 
hours worked in the wage statement would be costly to implement and 
unnecessary.
    Response: As DOL discussed in the proposed Guidance, transparency 
in the relationships between employers and their workers is critical to 
workers' understanding of their legal rights and to the speedy 
resolution of workplace disputes. See 80 FR 30591. The calculation of 
overtime pay on a workweek-by-workweek basis as required by the FLSA 
has been a bedrock principle of labor protections since 1938. See 29 
U.S.C. 207(a). A wage statement that is provided bi-weekly or semi-
monthly that does not separately state the hours worked during the 
first workweek from those worked during the second workweek of the pay 
period fails to provide workers with sufficient information about their 
pay to be able to determine if they are being paid correctly. For 
example, a worker who receives a wage statement showing 80 hours worked 
during a bi-weekly pay period and all hours paid at the regular 
(straight-time) rate may, in fact, have worked 43 hours the first week 
and 37 hours the second week. In this case, to comply with the FLSA, 
the employer should have paid the worker at time and one half of the 
worker's regular rate of pay for the three hours worked after 40 hours 
in the first workweek. Without documentation of the weekly hours, it 
would be difficult for this worker to determine whether overtime pay is 
due.
    The FLSA already requires that employers calculate overtime pay 
after 40 hours worked per week; and the implementing regulations under 
the FLSA, DBA, and SCA require employers to maintain payroll records 
for at least three years. Under the FLSA regulations at 29 CFR 
516.2(a)(7), for instance, the employer must maintain a record of each 
nonexempt employee's total hours worked per week. A requirement to keep 
rate of pay information also applies to SCA-covered contracts, see 29 
CFR 4.6(g)(1)(iii), and to DBA-covered contracts, see 29 CFR 
5.5(a)(3)(i). Moreover, workers covered under DBA must be paid on a 
weekly basis requiring a workweek-by-workweek accounting of overtime 
hours worked. See 29 CFR 5.5(a)(1)(i). Therefore, as noted in this DOL 
analysis, including hours worked information in the wage statement 
derived on a workweek basis will not be overly burdensome, and the FAR 
Council final rule retains this requirement.
iv. Substantially Similar State Laws
    The E.O. provides that the wage-statement requirements ``shall be 
deemed to be fulfilled'' where a contractor ``is complying with State 
or local requirements that the Secretary of Labor has determined are 
substantially similar to those required'' by the E.O. See E.O. Section 
5(a). If a contractor provides a worker in one of these ``substantially 
similar'' States with a wage statement that complies with the 
requirements of that State, the contractor would satisfy the E.O.'s 
wage-statement requirements. In the proposed Guidance, the DOL stated 
that two requirements do not have to be exactly the same to be 
``substantially similar''; they must, however, share ``essential 
elements in common.'' 80 FR 30587 (quoting Alameda Mall, L.P. v. Shoe 
Show, Inc., 649 F.3d 389, 392 (5th Cir. 2011)). The proposed Guidance 
offered two options for determining whether State requirements are 
substantially similar to the E.O.'s requirements.
    The first proposed option identified as substantially similar those 
States that require wage statements to have the essential elements of 
overtime hours or earnings, total hours, gross pay, and any additions 
made to or deductions taken from gross pay. As the proposed Guidance 
noted, when overtime hours or earnings are disclosed in a wage 
statement, workers can identify from the face of the document whether 
they have been paid for overtime hours.
    The second proposed option would have allowed wage statements to 
omit overtime hours or earnings, as long as the wage statements 
included ``rate of pay,'' in addition to the essential elements of 
total hours, gross pay, and any additions made to or deductions taken 
from gross pay. The intent of this option was to allow greater 
flexibility while still requiring wage statements to provide enough 
information for a worker to calculate whether he or she has been paid 
in full. DOL noted that one drawback of this option was that failure to 
pay overtime would not be as easily detected when compared with the 
first option. The worker would have to complete a more difficult 
calculation to identify an error in pay.
    DOL requested comments regarding the two options and stated that it 
could also consider other combinations of essential elements or other 
ways to determine whether State or local requirements are substantially 
similar. See 80 FR 30592.
    Comment: Numerous employee advocates and members of Congress 
strongly supported the first option. These respondents observed that 
employers and workers benefit when workers can easily understand their 
pay by reviewing their wage statement. They noted that wage statements 
also provide an objective record of compensated hours, which helps 
employers to more easily meet their burden of demonstrating wages paid 
for hours worked. A comment by members of Congress favored the first 
option because ``[d]isclosing whether workers have been paid at the 
overtime rate is critical to enabling workers to discern whether they 
have been paid fairly.'' Other respondents further recommended that the 
first option be adopted with the modification that the rate of pay 
information should also be included as an essential element.

[[Page 58609]]

    The employee advocates found the second option (which would have 
allowed wage statements to omit overtime hours or earnings, as long as 
the wage statements include the rate of pay) to lack transparency. On 
the other hand, employer representatives recommended that the second 
option be adopted. They explained that the second option would result 
in more substantially similar states and localities than would the 
first option--thereby reducing compliance burdens and providing greater 
flexibility to contractors. They also stated the second option is more 
in line with employers' practices and is less burdensome than the first 
option.
    Response: DOL analyzed the public comments in the Preamble to its 
final Guidance, and adopted the first option for determining whether 
wage statement requirements under State law are substantially similar. 
The list of Substantially Similar Wage Payment States, now adopted in 
the final Guidance is: (1) Alaska, (2) California, (3) Connecticut, (4) 
the District of Columbia, (5) Hawaii, (6) New York, and (7) Oregon. 
These States and the District of Columbia require wage statements to 
include the essential elements of hours worked, overtime hours, gross 
pay, and any itemized additions made to and deductions taken from gross 
pay.
    Comment: A respondent requested clarification regarding whether 
complying with a State requirement (e.g., the California State 
requirement) means that the contractor has met the E.O.'s requirement 
for all employees or just employees in that State.
    Response: DOL notes that as long as the contractor complies with 
the wage-statement requirements of any of the Substantially Similar 
Wage Payment States, the contractor will be in compliance with the 
final rule. For example, if a contractor has workers in California and 
Nevada, the contractor may provide workers in both States with wage 
statements that adhere to California State law to comply with the FAR 
Council final rule. (California is among the States included in the 
list of Substantially Similar Wage Payment States, while Nevada 
requires minimal information in the wage statement provided to 
workers.) Thus, the contractor would be in compliance with the final 
rule if it adopts the wage-statement requirements of any particular 
State or locality in the list of Substantially Similar Wage Payment 
States in which the contractor has workers, and applies this model for 
its workers elsewhere.
v. Request To Delay Effective Date
    Comment: One employer advocate suggested that DOL and the FAR 
Council allow Federal contractors time to comply with the wage-
statement provisions. The respondent noted that, in the short term, 
contractors will have to devise manual wage statements to comply with 
the E.O. until automated systems are able to generate compliant wage 
statements. Citing DOL's Home Care rule regarding the application of 
the FLSA to domestic service (78 FR 60454, Oct. 1, 2013), which had an 
effective date 15 months after the publication of the final rule, the 
respondent recommended that contractors be provided at least 12 to 15 
months within which to comply with the wage-statement requirements.
    Response: The Councils have revised the proposed rule to implement 
a phased implementation for paycheck transparency provisions, in order 
to permit time for prime contractors and subcontractors to determine 
and effect changes necessary to their payroll systems to comply with 
the rule. Beginning January 1, 2017, the 52.222-60 clause will be 
inserted in solicitations if the estimate value exceeds $500,000, and 
in resultant contracts. See FAR 22.2007(d).
b. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Exempt-Status Notification
    According to the E.O., the wage statement provided to workers who 
are exempt from the overtime pay provisions of the FLSA ``need not 
include a record of hours worked if the contractor informs the 
individuals of their exempt status.'' See E.O. Section 5(a). Because 
such workers do not have to be paid overtime under the FLSA, hours 
worked information need not be included in the wage statement. See 80 
FR 30592. DOL suggested in its proposed Guidance that in order to 
exclude the hours-worked information in the wage statement, the 
contractor would have to provide a written notice to the worker stating 
that the worker is exempt from the FLSA's overtime pay requirements; 
oral notice would not be sufficient. Id. The proposed FAR rule noted 
that if the contractor regularly provides documents to workers 
electronically, the document informing the worker of his or her exempt 
status may also be provided electronically if the worker can access it 
through a computer, device, system, or network provided or made 
available by the contractor. See 80 FR 30561. The proposals suggested 
that if a significant portion of the contractor's workforce is not 
fluent in English, the document provided notifying the worker of exempt 
status must also be in the language(s) other than English in which the 
significant portion of the workforce is fluent. See 80 FR 30592.
    The FAR Council and DOL received comments regarding the following 
issues related to the FLSA exempt-status notice: Type and frequency of 
the notice, differing interpretations by the courts regarding 
exemptions under the FLSA, and phased-in implementation.
i. Type and Frequency of the Notice
    Comment: One labor union commented that the contractor should be 
excused from recording the overtime hours worked in the wage statement 
only if the worker is correctly classified as exempt from the FLSA's 
overtime pay requirements. The respondent also recommended that workers 
should be informed of their exempt status on each wage statement. An 
employer-advocate requested clarification on whether the exempt-status 
notice should be provided once (e.g., in a written offer of employment) 
or on a recurring basis (e.g., on each wage statement).
    Response: With regard to the labor union's comment on the 
importance of correctly determining the exempt status of a worker under 
the FLSA, the FAR Council and DOL agree that employers should correctly 
classify their workers. An employer who claims an exemption from the 
FLSA is responsible for ensuring that the exemption applies. See 
Donovan v. Nekton, Inc., 703 F.2d 1148, 1151 (9th Cir. 1983). However, 
the fact that an employer provides the exempt-status notice to a worker 
does not mean that the worker is necessarily classified correctly. DOL 
will not consider the notice provided by the contractor to the worker 
as determinative of or even relevant to whether the worker is exempt or 
not under the FLSA. Accordingly the FAR Council has provided in the 
final rule that a contractor may not in its exempt-status notice to a 
worker indicate or suggest that DOL or the courts agree with the 
contractor's determination that the worker is exempt.
    With regard to the type of notice to be provided to the worker and 
how often it should be provided, after carefully reviewing the 
comments, DOL believes, and the FAR Council agrees, that it is 
sufficient to provide notice to workers one time before the worker 
performs any work under a covered contract, or in the worker's first 
wage statement under the contract. If during performance of the 
contract, the contractor determines that the worker's status has 
changed from nonexempt to exempt, it must provide notice to the worker 
prior to providing

[[Page 58610]]

a wage statement to the worker without hours worked information or in 
the first wage statement after the change. The notice must be in 
writing; oral notice is not sufficient. The notice can be a stand-alone 
document or be included in the offer letter, employment contract, 
position description, or wage statement provided to the worker. See FAR 
52.222-60(b).
    DOL does not believe that it is necessary, and the FAR Council 
agrees that it is not necessary, to require a contractor to include the 
exempt-status information on each wage statement. While it is 
permissible to provide notice on each wage statement, it also is 
permissible to provide the notice one time before any work on the 
covered contract is performed. If the contractor does the latter, there 
is no need to provide notice in the first wage statement.
ii. Differing Interpretations by the Courts of an Exemption Under the 
FLSA
    Comment: One respondent stated that it would not be prudent to 
require employers to report on the exempt or nonexempt status of 
workers where there is disagreement among the courts on who is and who 
is not exempt under the FLSA.
    Response: Some court decisions regarding the exemption status of 
certain workers under the FLSA may not be fully consistent. However, 
this is not a persuasive reason to relieve contractors from providing 
the exempt-status notice to employees. Regardless of any inconsistency 
in court decisions, contractors already must make decisions about 
whether to classify their employees as exempt or nonexempt under the 
FLSA in order to determine whether to pay them overtime. Such 
determinations are based on the facts of each particular situation, the 
statute, relevant regulations, guidance from DOL, and advice from 
counsel. In addition, in making these determinations, contractors 
already must consider any inconsistent court decisions.
    The E.O. does not change this status quo. Under the E.O., the 
contractor retains the authority and responsibility to determine 
whether to claim an exemption under the FLSA. All that is required 
under the E.O. is notice to the workers of the status that the employer 
has already determined. Such notice is only required if the employer 
wishes to provide workers with a wage statement that does not contain 
the worker's hours worked.
iii. Request To Delay Implementation of the Exempt-Status Notice
    Comment: One industry association suggested that implementation of 
the exempt-status notice be postponed until DOL has finalized its 
proposal to update the regulations defining the ``white collar'' 
exemptions under section 13(a)(1) of the FLSA. See 80 FR 38515 (July 6, 
2015); https://www.dol.gov/whd/overtime/NPRM2015/. The white-collar 
exemptions define the executive, administrative, and professional 
employees who are exempt from the FLSA's minimum wage and overtime pay 
protections. See 29 CFR part 541.
    Response: DOL has finalized its rulemaking to update the FLSA's 
white-collar exemptions. (See 81 FR 32391, May 23, 2016.) In any event, 
the FAR Council's concurrence to phased implementation for the wage 
statement requirement will result in delayed implementation of the 
paycheck transparency clause at FAR 52.222-60.
c. Independent Contractor Notice
    Section 5(b) of the E.O. states that if a contractor treats an 
individual performing work under a covered contract as an independent 
contractor, then the contractor must provide ``a document informing the 
individual of this [independent contractor] status.'' Contracting 
agencies must require that contractors incorporate this same 
requirement into covered subcontracts. See FAR 52.222-60(d) and (f).
    The proposed FAR rule provided that the notice informing the 
individual of the independent contractor status must be provided before 
any work is performed under the contract. See 80 FR 30572. As DOL noted 
in the proposed Guidance, the notice must be in writing and provided 
separately from any agreement entered into between the contractor and 
the independent contractor. See 80 FR 30593.
    The proposed Guidance further stated that the provision of the 
notice to a worker informing the worker that he or she is an 
independent contractor does not mean that the worker is correctly 
classified as an independent contractor under the applicable laws. See 
80 FR 30593. The determination of whether a worker is an independent 
contractor under a particular law remains governed by that law's 
definition of ``employee'' and its standards for determining for its 
purposes which workers are independent contractors and not employees. 
Id.
    DOL received comments from several unions and other employee 
advocates that were supportive of the E.O.'s independent contractor 
notice provisions. In contrast, several industry advocates commented 
that several aspects of the independent contractor notice requirement 
need to be clarified.
i. Clarifying the Information in the Notice
    Comment: DOL received comments requesting clarification of the 
information that should be included in the independent contractor 
notice. Several employee advocates recommended that the document also 
notify the worker that, as an independent contractor, he or she is not 
entitled to overtime pay under the FLSA, is not covered by worker's 
compensation or unemployment insurance, and is responsible for the 
payment of relevant employment taxes.
    One employee advocate recommended that the notice include a 
statement notifying the worker that the contractor's designation of a 
worker as an independent contractor does not mean that the worker is 
correctly classified as an independent contractor under the applicable 
law. Several respondents suggested that the notice also include 
information regarding which agency to contact if the worker has 
questions about being designated as an independent contractor or needs 
other types of assistance. One labor union also recommended that DOL 
establish a toll-free hotline that provides more information on 
misclassification of employees as independent contractors or tools to 
challenge the independent contractor classification.
    One industry respondent suggested that the FAR Council or DOL 
publish a model independent contractor notice with recommended 
language. Another industry respondent requested more detailed guidance 
on what the independent contractor notice should include.
    Response: Section 5(b) of the E.O. requires that the worker be 
informed in writing by the contractor if the worker is classified as an 
independent contractor and not an employee. Thus, the final FAR rule 
clarifies that the notice must be in writing and provided separately 
from any independent contractor agreement entered into between the 
contractor and the individual. See FAR 52.222-60(d)(1).
    The E.O., however, does not require the provision of the additional 
information suggested by respondents. DOL believes, and the FAR Council 
agrees, that notifying the worker of his or her status as an 
independent contractor satisfies the Order's requirement. Providing 
such notice enables workers to evaluate their status as independent 
contractors and raise

[[Page 58611]]

any concerns. The objective is to minimize disruptions to contract 
performance and resolve pay issues early and efficiently. If the worker 
has questions or concerns regarding the particular determination, then 
he or she can raise such questions with the contractor and/or contact 
the appropriate Government agency for more information or assistance.
    With regard to comments about contractors correctly classifying 
individuals as independent contractors, similar to the prior discussion 
regarding the FLSA exempt-status notification, providing the notice 
does not mean that the worker is correctly classified as an independent 
contractor. DOL will not consider the notice when determining whether a 
worker is an independent contractor or employee under the laws that it 
enforces. Accordingly, a contractor may not in its notice indicate or 
suggest that enforcement agencies or the courts agree with the 
contractor's determination that the worker is an independent 
contractor.
    With regard to comments recommending that DOL establish a hotline 
that provides information on issues involving misclassification of 
employees as independent contractors, the relevant agencies within DOL 
already have toll-free helplines that workers and contractors can 
access to obtain this type of information and for general assistance. 
Members of the public, for example, can call the Wage and Hour 
Division's toll-free helpline at 1-866-4US-WAGE (487-9243), the 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), 
and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs at 1-800-397-
6251. The National Labor Relations Board can be reached at 1-866-667-
NLRB (667-6572), and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission at 1-
800-669-4000. Moreover, the enforcement agencies' respective Web sites 
contain helpful information regarding employee misclassification.
    With regard to comments requesting a sample independent contractor 
notice, DOL does not believe that it is necessary to create a template 
notice. DOL expects that any notice would explicitly inform the worker 
that the contractor had made a decision to classify the worker as an 
independent contractor.
ii. Independent Contractor Determination
    Comment: Several industry members suggested that DOL clarify which 
statute should provide the basis for determining independent-contractor 
status for purposes of the E.O.'s requirement. These respondents noted 
that the proposed Guidance stated that the determination of whether a 
worker is an independent contractor or employee under a particular law 
remains governed by that law's definition of ``employee.'' 80 FR 30593. 
The respondents stated that they are uncertain as to what definition 
should be used in determining whether a worker is an employee or 
independent contractor.
    Response: DOL and the FAR Council do not find it necessary or 
appropriate to pick one specific definition of ``employee'' for the 
E.O.'s independent-contractor notice requirement. Employers already 
make a determination of whether a worker is an employee (or an 
independent contractor) whenever they hire a worker. The E.O. does not 
affect this responsibility; it only requires the contractor to provide 
the worker with notice of the determination that the contractor has 
made. If the contractor has determined that the worker is an 
independent contractor, then the employer must provide the notice.
iii. Frequency of the Independent Contractor Notice
    Comment: The FAR Council and DOL received comments regarding the 
number of times an individual who is classified as an independent 
contractor and engaged to perform work on several covered contracts 
should receive notice of his or her independent contractor status. Two 
industry respondents, for example, noted that an independent contractor 
who provides services on multiple covered contracts on an intermittent 
basis could receive dozens of identical notices, resulting in 
redundancy and inefficiencies. Other industry respondents believed that 
providing multiple notices for the same work performed on different 
covered contracts is burdensome and unnecessary. Two industry 
respondents suggested that an independent contractor agreement between 
the relevant parties should satisfy the E.O.'s independent contractor 
notice requirement.
    Response: The final FAR rule provides that the notice informing the 
individual of his or her independent contractor status must be provided 
at the time an individual is engaged as an independent contractor or 
before the individual performs any work under the contract. See FAR 
52.222-60(d)(1). The final FAR rule also clarifies that contractors 
must provide the independent-contractor notice to the worker for each 
covered contract on which the individual is engaged to perform work as 
an independent contractor. See FAR 52.222-60(d). The Guidance reflects 
this clarification. DOL agrees that there may be circumstances where a 
worker who performs work on more than one covered contract would 
receive more than one independent contractor notice. DOL, however, 
believes that because the determination of independent contractor 
status is based on the circumstances of each particular case, it is 
reasonable to require that the notice be provided on a contract-by-
contract basis even where the worker is engaged to perform the same 
type of work. It is certainly possible that the facts may change on any 
of the covered contracts such that the work performed requires a 
different status determination.
iv. Workers Employed by Staffing Agencies
    Comment: The FAR Council and DOL received several comments 
regarding contractors that use temporary workers employed by staffing 
agencies and whether those contractors must provide such workers with a 
document notifying them that they are independent contractors. One 
respondent believed that in such cases, ``temporary workers are neither 
independent contractors nor employees of the contractor.'' Several 
industry respondents suggested that the final Guidance clarify that 
contractors would not be required to provide notice of independent 
contractor status to temporary workers who are employees of a staffing 
agency or similar entity, but not of the contractor. Some of these 
respondents also recommended that the independent contractor status 
notice be given only to those workers to whom the contractor provides 
an IRS Form 1099.
    Response: In situations where contractors use temporary workers 
employed by staffing agencies to perform work on Federal contracts, the 
contract with the staffing agency may be a covered subcontract under 
the E.O. Section 5 of the E.O. requires that the independent contractor 
status notice requirement be incorporated into subcontracts of $500,000 
or more. See E.O. Section 5(a). If the contract with the staffing 
agency is a covered subcontract, and the staffing agency treats the 
workers as employees, then no notices would be required. If the 
contract with the staffing agency is a covered subcontract, and the 
staffing agency treats the workers as independent contractors, then the 
staffing agency (not the contractor) is required to provide the workers 
with notice of their independent contractor status. (When using a 
staffing agency, a

[[Page 58612]]

contractor should consider whether it jointly employs the workers under 
applicable labor laws. DOL recently issued Guidance under the FLSA and 
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act for determining 
joint employment.)
    The FAR Council and DOL disagree with comments suggesting that the 
contractor should provide independent-contractor notices only to those 
workers to whom the contractor already provides an IRS Form 1099. 
Employers use a Form 1099-MISC to report, among other items, ``payments 
made in the course of a trade or business to a person who is not an 
employee or to an unincorporated business.'' The E.O. does not limit 
the requirement to provide the independent contractor notice to workers 
who receive a Form 1099-MISC. To the extent the contractor has 
classified an individual as an independent contractor for Federal 
employment tax purposes and provides the individual a Form 1099-MISC, 
the contractor must provide the individual with the independent-
contractor status notice. The universe of workers who should receive an 
independent contractor notice should not be limited only to those 
workers to whom the contractor already provides a Form 1099.
d. Requirements That Apply to All Three Documents (Wage Statement, FLSA 
Exempt-Status Notice, Independent Contractor Notice)
    The FAR Council's proposed regulations would have required that if 
a significant portion of the contractor's workforce is not fluent in 
English, the document notifying a worker of the contractor's 
determination that the worker is an independent contractor, and the 
wage statements to be provided to the worker, must also be in the 
language(s) other than English in which the significant portion of the 
workforce is fluent. The proposed regulations were unclear with regard 
to whether required documents could be provided electronically. See 80 
FR 30572. The final rule has been revised at FAR 52.222-60(e) to 
clarify that all documents required must be provided in English and the 
language(s) in which significant portions of the workforce is fluent, 
and that all documents may be provided electronically under certain 
circumstances.
i. Translation Requirements
    Comment: The FAR Council and DOL received comments requesting 
clarification regarding what would constitute a ``significant portion'' 
of the workforce sufficient to trigger the translation requirement. One 
industry respondent stated that the final Guidance should set a 
specific threshold. Another stated that the translation requirement is 
unnecessary and should be removed. One labor union recommended that the 
term ``significant portion'' of the workforce be defined as 10 percent 
or more of the workforce under the covered contract.
    One industry respondent posited a situation where there are various 
foreign languages spoken in the workplace, and requested clarification 
regarding whether the contractor would be required to provide the wage 
statement and the independent contractor notice to workers in every 
language that is spoken by workers not fluent in English. The 
respondent suggested that the wage statement translation requirement be 
revised to state: ``Where a significant portion of the workforce is not 
fluent in English but is fluent in another language, the contractor 
shall provide the wage statement in English and in each other language 
in which a significant portion of the workforce is fluent.''
    With regard to translating the independent contractor notice, the 
respondent recommended that this requirement apply only when the 
company is aware that the worker is not fluent in English. Another 
industry respondent also stated that it would not be sensible to 
require contractors to provide notice in Spanish to an independent 
contractor who speaks only English simply because a significant portion 
of the contractor's workforce is fluent in Spanish. A respondent 
further advocated that contractors should be allowed to include in each 
wage statement and independent contractor notice a Web site address 
where the translations are posted, instead of including the complete 
translation in each wage statement or independent contractor notice for 
each worker.
    Response: For reasons noted by DOL, the FAR Council does not 
believe that it is necessary to set a specific threshold defining what 
would constitute a ``significant portion'' of the workforce sufficient 
to trigger the final FAR rule's translation requirement. As DOL notes, 
this requirement is similar to regulatory requirements implementing two 
of the labor laws, the Family and Medical Leave Act and the Migrant and 
Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act. The term ``significant 
portion'' has not been defined under these regulations, and the lack of 
a definition or bright-line test has not prevented employers from 
complying with the requirement. For these reasons, the term is not 
defined in the final Guidance.
    The FAR Council and DOL agree with the suggestion about workplaces 
where multiple languages are spoken. Where a significant portion of the 
workforce is not fluent in English, DOL finds that the contractor 
should provide notices to workers in each language in which the 
significant portion of the workforce is fluent. However, the FAR 
Council and DOL do not agree with the suggestion that it would be 
sufficient in all cases to provide a Web site address where the 
translated notice would be posted. Where workers are not fluent in 
English, providing a link to a Web site for the translation would be 
ineffective at providing the required notice.
ii. Electronic Wage Statements
    Comment: With regard to providing wage statements electronically, 
one respondent agreed that providing wage statements electronically 
should be an option. One labor union advocated that workers should be 
allowed to access wage statements using the contractor's computer 
network during work hours. According to the union, merely providing 
workers with the Web site address to access their wage statements on 
their own would be insufficient as such an arrangement would require 
the worker to purchase internet connection to access the information. 
Another respondent suggested that the contractor should be allowed to 
provide wage statements electronically only with written permission 
from the worker and if written instructions on how to access the wage 
statements are provided to the worker.
    Response: The FAR Council finds, and DOL agrees, that contractors 
should have the option of providing wage statements either by paper-
format (e.g., paystubs), or electronically if the contractor regularly 
provides documents electronically and if the worker can access the 
document through a computer, device, system, or network provided or 
made available by the contractor. (The final FAR rule states that the 
FLSA exempt-status notice and the independent contractor notice also 
may be provided electronically on these terms.) As DOL stated in the 
Preamble to its final Guidance, merely providing workers with a Web 
site address would be insufficient; the contractor must provide the 
worker with internet or intranet access for purposes of viewing this 
information. The FAR Council and DOL, however, find that it is not 
necessary to require contractors to allow workers such access during 
work hours. The FAR Council and DOL assume that workers will, in most 
cases, access wage

[[Page 58613]]

statements (or other employer-provided documents, such as leave 
statements or tax forms) using the contractor's network or system 
during the workday--including during the worker's rest breaks or meal 
periods. It is not necessary to specifically prescribe a requirement 
regarding the time period during which a wage statement can be 
accessed. We also find that it is not necessary to require that workers 
give consent before receiving the wage statement electronically, or to 
require that workers be given written instructions on how to access the 
wage statement using the contractor's computer, device, system, or 
network. As the DOL proposed Guidance noted, the employer must already 
be regularly providing documents to workers electronically in order to 
provide wage statements in the same manner. See 80 FR 30592. 
Contractors that already provide documents electronically presumably 
also provide general instructions regarding accessing personnel records 
on their intranet Web pages; therefore, additional written instructions 
specific to accessing the worker's wage statement using the 
contractor's computer, device, network, or system are not necessary. 
Similarly, requiring a written consent by the worker is not necessary, 
because the workers for such employers should already be familiar with 
the process for receiving documents electronically.
9. Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims
    Introductory Summary: The FAR Council received various comments 
concerning the clause FAR 52.222-61, Arbitration of Contractor Employee 
Claims (Executive Order 13673), which is required by Section 6 of the 
E.O. The clause provides that contractors agree that the decision to 
arbitrate claims arising under title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
1964, or any tort related to or arising out of sexual assault or 
harassment, shall only be made with the voluntary consent of employees 
or independent contractors after such disputes arise, subject to 
certain exceptions. The clause applies to contracts and subcontracts if 
the estimated value exceeds $1,000,000, other than those for commercial 
items.
    Comment: Several respondents commented that the proposed rule is 
invalid and unenforceable because it conflicts with Federal statute, 
U.S. Supreme Court precedent, current regulation, or should otherwise 
only be accomplished through Congressional legislation. Respondents 
provided the following in support of their comments: Gilmer v. 
Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20, 25 (1991) (the FAA reflects 
a ``liberal federal policy favoring arbitration agreements.'' AT&T 
Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333, 339 (2011) (``The FAA was 
enacted in 1925 in response to widespread judicial hostility to 
arbitration agreements.'') U.S. Supreme Court's decision in CompuCredit 
v. Greenwood, 565 U.S. 95 (2012), and similar rulings upholding the 
enforceability of arbitration agreements pursuant to the Federal 
Arbitration Act.
    Response: As explained above in Section III.B.1.d., the final rule 
does not conflict with the Federal Arbitration Act or regulations or 
judicial decisions interpreting that Act.
    Comment: Several respondents commented that the proposed rule 
offered no explanation, or an inadequate explanation, for how a 
limitation on arbitration agreements would promote economy and 
efficiency in Federal procurement. Some of these respondents expressed 
the view that the proposed rule would in fact work against the stated 
aims of the E.O. One respondent also stated that the limitation had no 
connection with the Federal procurement process and should be deleted 
in its entirety.
    Response: As explained above in Section III.B.1.d, the limitation 
on arbitration agreements is a reasonable and rational exercise of the 
President's authority, under the Procurement Act, to prescribe policies 
and directives that the President considers necessary to carry out the 
statutory purposes of ensuring economical and efficient government 
procurement.
    Comment: Respondents commented that the exception for arbitrations 
conducted pursuant to collective bargaining agreements improperly 
penalized contractors without collective bargaining agreements and 
recommended the exception be removed.
    Response: As explained above in Section III.B.1.d, the exception 
does not penalize contractors without collective bargaining agreements 
and will remain in the final rule.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that contractors who retain forced 
arbitration provisions for employment disputes other than those 
specifically prohibited by the regulation should be barred from 
enforcing those remaining forced arbitration provisions in the event 
disputes arise out of the same set of facts.
    Response: As explained above in Section III.B.1.d., to be 
consistent with DoD's existing regulations and the requirements of the 
Executive Order, this rule does not apply the limitation on mandatory 
pre-dispute arbitration to aspects of an agreement unrelated to the 
covered areas.
    Comment: Several respondents expressed support of the limitations 
on arbitration agreements as a worthwhile protection for employees. 
Some respondents commented that the authority for this E.O. is sound. 
One respondent expressed that society benefits from an open legal 
process, which exposes civil rights violations and perpetrators of 
sexual assault instead of hiding them from view. Forced arbitration, on 
the other hand, restricts the public's ability to obtain such 
information and keeps abusive practices hidden. One respondent found 
that there is a distinct link between the E.O. and economy and 
efficiency. Limiting forced arbitration is a fundamental component of 
decreasing systemic discrimination by Government contractors because 
forced arbitration allows employers to avoid accountability for 
violating Federal anti-discrimination laws. Respondents asserted that, 
with less discrimination in Government contracting, efficiency will 
increase. The Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), as originally drafted and 
passed in 1925, neither envisioned, nor intended forcing individual 
employees into secret, private arbitration forums thereby depriving 
them of their constitutional right to trial by jury. Nor was it 
intended to apply in scenarios where individuals with little to no 
bargaining power must sign away their rights as a condition of securing 
employment. Rather, the FAA was intended to apply only in cases 
involving commercial disputes between two businesses with relatively 
equal bargaining power. Respondents provided the following in support 
of their comments: Margaret L. Moses, Arbitration Law: Who's in 
Charge?, 40 Seton Hall L. Rev. 147, 147 (2010) (``The Federal 
Arbitration Act (FAA) that Congress adopted in 1925 bears little 
resemblance to the Act as the Supreme Court of the United States has 
construed it. The original Act was intended to provide Federal courts 
with procedural law that would permit the enforcement of arbitration 
agreements between merchants in diversity cases.''). Maureen A. Weston, 
Preserving the Federal Arbitration Act by Reining in Judicial Expansion 
and Mandatory Use, Nev. L.J. 385,392 (2007) (FAA ``was intended to 
apply to disputes between commercial entities of generally similar 
bargaining power.''). Judith Resnick, Diffusing Disputes: The Public in 
the Private of Arbitration, the Private in Courts, and the Erasure of 
Rights, Yale

[[Page 58614]]

Law Journal, Vol. 124, p. 2808-2943 (2015), available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2601132.
    Response: As explained above in Section III.B.1.d, the FAR Council 
agrees that the limitation on arbitration agreements does not conflict 
with the Federal Arbitration Act, and is a reasonable and rational 
exercise of the President's authority, under the Procurement Act, to 
prescribe policies and directives that the President considers 
necessary to carry out the statutory purposes of ensuring economical 
and efficient government procurement.
    Comment: Respondents commented that the proposed rule was 
unworkably vague because it failed to clarify whether the prohibition 
on certain arbitration agreements applies solely to employees working 
under a covered contract, or applies to all employees of the firm 
generally, regardless of whether they were working under the contract. 
Several respondents recommended the final rule specify that the 
limitations on arbitration agreements apply to all employees, or all 
unrepresented employees, not just those working on the Federal 
contract.
    Response: The clause requires the contractor to agree not to enter 
into the specified arbitration agreements. The clause does not provide 
an exception for employees not working under the contract. Thus, the 
clause applies to all contractor employees and independent contractors.
    Comment: A respondent recommended clarification of the exceptions 
to the limitation on arbitration and particularly recommended 
definitions for ``permitted,'' ``renegotiated,'' and ``replaced'' as 
clarifications.
    Response: The Councils decline to revise the clause because it is 
implementing the language of Section 6.c.ii. of the E.O. There are 
three terms that the respondent requested be clarified, which appear in 
paragraph (b)(2) of the Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims 
(Executive Order 13673) clause at FAR 52.222-61. The word ``permitted'' 
means that the contractor is able to modify the employment contract. 
The words ``renegotiated'' or ``replaced'' refer to a modified or new 
employment contract.
    Comment: Respondents recommended revising the proposed rule to 
require contractors to report on use of forced arbitration not 
prohibited by the regulation.
    Response: The Councils decline to add a reporting requirement as 
the E.O. did not contain a reporting requirement, and adding a 
reporting requirement would increase the burden on contractors.
    Comment: One respondent stated that there is no process for third 
parties to report contractor violations of the arbitration provisions 
of the E.O.
    Response: Existing procurement practices allow for other sources, 
including third parties, to inform the contracting officer that the 
contractor is not meeting the terms of its contract, which would 
include clause violations.
    Comment: Respondents recommended that the final rule expand the 
arbitration limitations to cover claims arising out of discrimination 
against the disabled. Likewise, other respondents suggested expansion 
to cover claims under the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance 
Act of 1974, as amended, or its implementing regulations at 41 CFR part 
60-300, under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights 
Act of 1994. Others suggested expansion to the full list of 14 labor 
laws and E.O.s covered under Section 2 of the E.O.
    Response: In accordance with the E.O., the clause applies to Title 
VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment 
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin, 
and to any tort related to or arising out of sexual assault or 
harassment. The Councils decline to extend the clause coverage.
    Comment: A respondent recommended the dollar threshold that 
triggers the predispute arbitration agreement requirement be lowered to 
$500,000.
    Response: The E.O. clearly states the prohibition on arbitration 
applies to contracts above $1,000,000. The Councils decline to change 
the dollar threshold.
    Comment: One respondent recommended revising the proposed rule to 
require contractors and subcontractors to notify employees and 
independent contractors that employers cannot force them to enter into 
a predispute arbitration agreement for disputes arising out of Title 
VII or torts related to sexual assault or harassment, and that 
compulsory predispute arbitration agreements violate the Federal 
contract.
    Response: The Councils decline to insert a requirement for 
notification to employees and independent contractors as the E.O. does 
not require such a notice.
    Comment: Several respondents recommended that the final rule adopt 
the interpretation given to the term ``contractor'' by DoD under the 
Franken Amendment, section 8116 of the Department of Defense 
Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-118, that the 
term ``contractor'' is narrowly applied only to the entity that has the 
contract. Unless a parent or subsidiary corporation is a party to the 
contract, it is not affected.
    Response: The final rule does not expand ``contractor'' to include 
parents and subsidiaries. Consistent with the standard interpretation 
of contractor as used in the FAR and the Defense Federal Acquisition 
Regulation Supplement (DFARS), it is limited to the entity awarded the 
contract. (Also see Section III.B.3.e. above).
    Comment: Another respondent recommended the final rule specify that 
the arbitration limitations do not apply to commercial items or COTS 
items.
    Response: As required by the E.O., the clause prescription at FAR 
22.2007(f) specifies an exception for commercial items. The policies 
that apply to commercial items also apply to COTS (see FAR 12.103), 
therefore COTS are likewise excepted from the arbitration clause.
    Comment: A respondent provided an additional argument in support of 
the limitation on arbitration. Forced arbitration clauses are also used 
to limit the ability of employees to bring class claims. Further, an 
employee might be too afraid to pursue a civil rights or sexual assault 
related claim on her own. However, class actions allow employees who 
have suffered a common harm to hold their employer accountable no 
matter the disparity in resources. Indeed, class claims are powerful 
tools that deter bad behaviors and allow employees to rectify employer 
wrongs. Eliminating forced arbitration clauses will protect employees' 
ability to bring class claims and therefore safeguard important 
employee rights.
    Response: The Councils appreciate the respondent's comment.
10. Information Systems
a. The Government Should Have a Public Data Base of All Labor Law 
Violations
    Comment: Several respondents recommended a searchable, public Web 
site containing labor law violation information accessible to 
contracting officers and prime contractors for their use in making 
labor law compliance determinations, and increasing public involvement. 
A respondent suggested that a public data base is the most effective 
means to improve transparency and capture contractor misrepresentations 
or ongoing violations, and would increase incentives to comply with 
labor laws. A respondent provided examples of

[[Page 58615]]

existing Federal Web sites that allow the public and enforcement 
agencies to benefit from mutual access to information.
    Response: Although a public data base containing information on 
entities and their labor law violations would enhance transparency, 
creation of such a system to implement the E.O. is beyond the purview 
of the FAR Council (see Section 4 of the E.O.).
b. Data Base for Subcontractor Disclosures
Introductory Summary
    As stated in section III.B.5, the final rule requires 
subcontractors to disclose details regarding labor law decisions 
directly to DOL for review and assessment. Such disclosures will be 
provided to DOL through the DOL Web site at www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces (see FAR 52.222-59 (c)). At the time of rule 
publication, this subcontractor disclosure DOL Web site is under 
development; it will be functional 60 days prior to the initiation of 
subcontractor disclosures.
    Comment: Respondents including the SBA Office of Advocacy, stated 
the rule lacks a system to track subcontractor labor law violations. 
One respondent recommended establishing a single reporting portal for 
all subcontractors through SAM, as many subcontractors are also prime 
contractors. The respondent believed it would greatly reduce the 
significant reporting burden if the Government provided a common, 
public place for subcontractor disclosures. The existing SAM system is 
utilized in the contracting process, and could aggregate the data and 
avoid the added expense of creating new data bases and interfaces.
    Response: The E.O. requires that prime contractors report certain 
information about the labor law decisions rendered against them. The 
FAR implementation requires that the information is input in SAM and 
will be publicly disclosed in FAPIIS. There is no requirement for 
public disclosure of subcontractor violations. The process for 
subcontractor disclosures is streamlined in the alternative implemented 
in the final rule. Rather than providing their disclosures to each 
prime contractor, subcontractors will instead provide disclosures to a 
single site within DOL (see FAR 52.222-59(c)(3)(iv)).
c. Posting Names of Prospective Contractors Undergoing a Responsibility 
Determination and Contractor Mitigating Information
    Comment: One respondent stated contracting officers should 
regularly post the names of prospective contractors undergoing a 
responsibility determination in a publicly available place so that 
interested parties can know that a prospective contractor is undergoing 
review.
    Response: The FAR implementation of this E.O. does not alter 
existing processes for conducting the responsibility determination. The 
names of contractors undergoing a responsibility determination are 
Source Selection Information and cannot be disclosed.
    Comment: One respondent recommended the final rule require the 
public disclosure of documents the contractor submits to demonstrate 
its responsibility, namely those describing mitigating circumstances, 
remedial measures, and other steps taken to achieve compliance with 
labor laws. These additional disclosures would greatly benefit the 
public without imposing an undue burden on the Government.
    Response: The E.O. does not require, and the FAR implementation 
does not contemplate, public disclosure of documents submitted by the 
contractor to demonstrate its responsibility, unless the contractor 
determines that it wants this information to be made public. See FAR 
22.1004-2(b)(1)(ii).
d. Method To Protect Sensitive Information Needed
    Comment: One respondent stated the proposed rule requires 
disclosure of sensitive corporate information to prime contractors and 
does not adequately establish protocols to protect the required 
information. The respondent noted the rule requires the collection by 
prime contractors of labor law compliance data from subcontractors. The 
respondent believed the proposed rule should provide guidance to 
subcontractors supplying the information to redact or otherwise protect 
sensitive information from risk of exposure.
    Response: Contractors and subcontractors exchange sensitive 
corporate information and have associated protocols to protect the 
information. In addition, the amount of sensitive information exchanged 
should be minimized under the final rule, which revised the clause at 
FAR 52.222-59(c) and (d) to require prime contractors to direct that 
subcontractor information shall be submitted to DOL, and not to the 
prime contractor.
e. Information in System for Award Management (SAM) and Federal Awardee 
Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS)
    Comment: One respondent cited the policy at FAR 22.2004-3(a) 
includes ``whether'' there have been labor law violations pursuant to 
the clause at FAR 52.222-59(b). Both SAM representations and 
certifications and the SAM reporting module will include information on 
``whether'' there have been any reportable violations of labor laws. 
However, the respondent asserted that these two parts of SAM often 
would be subject to different three-year timeframes thereby creating 
potential confusion and ambiguity.
    Response: The proposed rule's reference to a separate SAM reporting 
module is removed in the final rule. All information is disclosed into 
SAM. Contractors must ensure information in SAM is accurate, current, 
and complete each time data is input or updated in SAM.
    Comment: One respondent stated that the proposed rule provided no 
mechanism for posting a contractor's vindication of a labor law 
violation previously disclosed in SAM. The respondent is concerned that 
contractors would be forever harmed by the required reporting of 
incomplete, nonfinal information, without an effective remedy.
    Response: Contractors are encouraged to maintain an accurate and 
complete SAM registration and may update their information in SAM any 
time the information changes.
    Comment: One respondent stated the proposed rule does not clarify 
whether companies must submit labor law violation information to FAPIIS 
pursuant to each contract or whether a company may update the 
information once every six months to cover the reporting requirements 
for all of their contracts.
    Response: The companies do not submit this semiannual update 
information to FAPIIS but to SAM. The final rule has been revised to 
clarify that contractors have flexibility in establishing the date for 
the semiannual update; they may use the six-month anniversary date of 
contract award, or may choose a different date before that six-month 
anniversary date to achieve compliance with this requirement. In either 
case, the contractor must continue to update it semiannually. 
Registrations in SAM are required to be current, accurate, and complete 
(see FAR 52.204-13). If the SAM registration

[[Page 58616]]

date is less than six months old, this will be evidence to the 
Government that the required representation and disclosure information 
is updated and the requirement is met. The revised language should 
provide contractors with more flexibility for compliance with the 
semiannual requirement.
    Comment: One respondent stated the final rule should require that 
more labor law violation data be made publicly available on the FAPIIS 
database. The respondent recommended adding the following to the public 
disclosure requirement: (1) The address(es) of the worksite where the 
violation took place; and (2) the amount(s) of any penalties or fines 
assessed and any back wages due as a result of the violation.
    Response: The FAR rule implements the E.O. by requiring the minimum 
information necessary; requiring any additional information would 
unnecessarily increase the burden on the public.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that the development of the 
centralized electronic database for reporting of labor law compliance 
information has not been completed.
    Response: The next release of Government changes to SAM, scheduled 
for October 28, 2016, will collect the following data fields for each 
labor law decision required by FAR 52.212-3(s)(3)(a) and FAR 52.222-
59(b)(1)(i), based on the information the Entity provides when directed 
to report the details in SAM by a contracting officer:
     The labor law violated;
     The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number;
     The date rendered; and
     The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission rendering the determination or decision;
    Similarly, FAPIIS will be prepared to publicly display such 
information, if appropriate.
    Comment: One respondent observed that the proposed rule imposes 
requirements that are more onerous than those imposed by FAPIIS. 
Specifically, FAPIIS provides the contractor with a mechanism to object 
to the public posting of information that is subject to FOIA 
protections from disclosure. The respondent noted FAPIIS reporting also 
permits the contractor to provide its comments along with the reported 
violation, so that the reported matter is viewed in context.
    Response: The Councils note that the final rule has been revised so 
that contractors provide mitigating factors in SAM for the contracting 
officer's consideration; this information will not be made public 
unless the contractor determines that it wants this information to be 
made public.
    Comment: One respondent stated that FAPIIS was established to 
create a ``one-stop'' resource for contracting officers reviewing the 
background of prime contract offerors. In implementing FAPIIS, the FAR 
Council identified existing sources of information that would not 
require the creation of additional information submissions. If no 
existing source was found, preference was given to obtaining 
information from Government sources rather than contractors. The 
respondent stated that FAPIIS applies only to reporting covered 
proceedings in connection with the award to or performance by the 
offeror of a Federal contract or grant and this limits the scope of 
FAPIIS reporting to matters that have a nexus to a contractor's 
contracting relationship with the Federal Government.
    Response: In order to maximize efficiency by leveraging an existing 
and known system, the E.O. identified FAPIIS for the display of labor 
law decision disclosures. The FAPIIS statute does not require that 
proceedings involve award or performance of a Federal contract or grant 
(see for example paragraph (c)(8) of 41 U.S.C. 2313 on blocked persons 
lists).
f. Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System (CPARS)
    Comment: A respondent was concerned that the alternative proposed 
rule language at FAR 22.2004-5 is overly broad and past performance 
reports should require a clear connection between the labor law 
performance issue and the contract action being reported in CPARS. Any 
discussion in the past performance report should have arisen directly 
under the contractor's performance of the contract action being 
reported in CPARS, or at a minimum the labor law performance issue 
should be connected to a substantially similar labor law issue that was 
considered during the initial responsibility determination for the 
contract action subject to CPARS reporting. The respondent believed 
that labor compliance agreements having no connection to the contract 
action being reported in CPARS should be excluded from the contractor's 
performance report.
    Response: Contracting officers address regulatory compliance, 
including compliance with labor laws, as appropriate. The Councils have 
not incorporated the alternative supplemental FAR language at FAR 
22.2004-5. However, the final rule has been revised to include a 
contractor's relevant labor law compliance and the extent to which the 
prime contractor addressed labor law violations by its subcontractors 
in preparation of past performance evaluations (see FAR 42.1502(j)).
g. Chief Acquisition Officer Council's National Dialogue on Information 
Technology
    Comment: One respondent expressed concern that the proposed rule 
required a single Web site for all Federal contract reporting 
requirements and commented on the reference in the proposed rule to the 
National Dialogue, which is an interagency campaign to solicit feedback 
on how to reduce burdens and streamline the procurement process. The 
respondent noted the National Dialogue Web site contained no 
information related to implementation of E.O. 13673. The respondent 
requested that the FAR Council re-open the public comment period after 
sufficient information has been made available on the Web site to allow 
for meaningful input.
    Response: The reference to the National Dialogue in the preamble 
was to inform the public and encourage participation in the National 
Dialogue and Pilot to reduce reporting compliance costs for Federal 
contractors and grantees. The proposed rule advised that such comments 
would not be considered public comments for purposes of this 
rulemaking.
h. Difficulty for Contractors To Develop Their Own Information 
Technology System
    Comment: One respondent stated that contractors do not currently 
have centralized systems in place to capture information required by 
the proposed rule and DOL Guidance. The respondent commented that 
existing systems do not have the reliability needed to make 
representations as prime contractors or subcontractors, or assess 
reports from subcontractors. The respondent stated that it is not 
feasible to develop information technology solutions to comply until 
the requirements are known. Additionally, the respondent stated that 
contractors cannot implement solutions until the scope of the State law 
requirement is clear. The respondent indicated that the challenge 
facing the Government is similar: Neither contracting agencies nor DOL 
can develop reliable guidance or internal processes with undefined 
requirements.
    Response: The Councils recognize that developing information 
systems is challenging for contractors, especially large contractors 
with multiple

[[Page 58617]]

locations. Although the rule does not contain an explicit requirement 
for contractors to establish independent IT systems, the Councils 
recognize that many contractors and subcontractors will elect to create 
or modify administrative and information management systems to manage 
and comply with the rule's requirements. See also discussion at Section 
III.B.1.c. above.
11. Small Business Concerns
    Introductory Summary: To the extent practicable, the E.O. and 
implementing FAR rule minimize the compliance burden for Federal 
contractors and subcontractors and in particular small businesses by: 
(1) Limiting disclosure requirements, for the first six months to 
contracts for $50 million or more, and subsequently to contracts over 
$500,000, and subcontracts over $500,000 excluding COTS items, which 
excludes the vast majority of transactions performed by small 
businesses; (2) limiting initial disclosure from offerors to a 
representation of whether the offeror has any covered labor law 
decisions and generally requiring more detailed disclosures only from 
the apparent awardee; (3) only requiring postaward updates 
semiannually; (4) creating certainty for contractors by having ALCAs 
coordinate through DOL to promote consistent responses across 
Government agencies regarding assessments of disclosed labor law 
violations; (5) phasing in disclosure requirements for subcontractor 
flowdown so that contractors and subcontractors have an opportunity to 
become acclimated to new processes; (6) establishing the alternative 
subcontractor disclosure approach that directs the prime contractor to 
have their subcontractor disclose labor law decisions and mitigating 
information to DOL; and (7) emphasizing in the final rule that labor 
law decisions do not automatically render the offeror nonresponsible 
(see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(6) and an equivalent statement at FAR 52.222-
59(c)(2) for assessment of subcontractors). In addition, DOL encourages 
companies to work with DOL and other enforcement agencies to remedy 
potential problems independent of the procurement process so companies 
can give their full attention to the procurement process when a 
solicitation of interest is issued (See DOL Guidance Section VI, 
Preassessment). Language is added at FAR 52.222-59(c)(2) that the prime 
contractor should encourage prospective subcontractors to contact DOL 
for a preassessment of their record of labor law compliance.
    The RIA includes estimates of all costs associated with the 
rulemaking and an assessment and (to the extent feasible) a 
quantification and monetization of benefits and costs anticipated to 
result from the proposed action and from alternative regulatory 
actions. The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) requires Federal agencies 
to consider the impact of regulations on small entities in developing 
regulations. If a proposed rule is expected to have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, an initial 
regulatory flexibility analysis must be prepared.
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, asked 
for clarification of three aspects of applying FAR subpart 19.6, 
Certificates of Competency and Determinations of Responsibility, under 
the final rule. Specifically, they asked whether: (1) A Certificate of 
Competency (COC) would apply if a contracting officer determines an 
apparent successful small business lacks responsibility due to a labor 
law violation, (2) under a COC the contracting agency's ALCA or an ALCA 
at the SBA would make the final determination of whether a small 
business is responsible, and (3) a system for COC could be set up for 
small business subcontractors.
    Response: The E.O. and FAR rule do not make any changes to the SBA 
COC program or require a new COC system to be established for small 
subcontractors. Contracting officers are required to refer small 
businesses that are found nonresponsible to the SBA (see FAR 9.103(b) 
and 19.601(c)), and the final rule reiterates that nonresponsibility 
determinations must be referred to SBA (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)(5)(iv)). 
The SBA certifies responsibility for small businesses under the SBA COC 
program, applying existing processes and procedures for COCs. 
Consistent with existing FAR 9.104-4(a), prime contractors make 
responsibility determinations for their prospective subcontractors. The 
COC program does not apply to determination of subcontractor 
responsibility. The ALCA is not involved in making the responsibility 
determination.
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, raised 
a number of concerns that the rule would drive out small businesses, 
including specialized information technology firms, from Government 
procurement. A number of the concerns related to cost implications 
including additional compliance costs and delays in processing 
contracts, lack of resources to compile and/or assess reports of labor 
law violations and unwillingness to take on the risk of making a false 
statement to the Government, lack of profitability due to the cost 
burden (a particular concern of the SBA Office of Advocacy), and no 
existing systems for small businesses to track their own labor law 
violations or those of subcontractors. The SBA Office of Advocacy 
recommended a phase-in period for small businesses.
    Response: Federal contractors will undertake the necessary due 
diligence to fully comply with the requirements of the E.O. and the 
final rule. Steps were taken to minimize the impact on small businesses 
as described in the introductory summary to this section III.B.11. With 
regard to the risk of making a false statement, see the discussion 
above at Section III.B.1.c. With regard to the risk of false statements 
by subcontractors, FAR 52.222-58(b)(2) and 52.222-59(f) are revised to 
read that ``A contractor or subcontractor, acting in good faith, is not 
liable for misrepresentations made by its subcontractors about labor 
law decisions or about labor compliance agreements.''
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
expressed concern that the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 
(IRFA) of the proposed rule is flawed in a number of ways and is in 
violation of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. The flaws described by the 
respondents included:
     Presumption that the $500,000 applicability threshold will 
minimize impact to small businesses, given that long-term supplier 
agreements with small businesses are likely to exceed this threshold;
     Reliance on different metrics to determine the percentage 
of entities with labor law violations (respondent suggested using firms 
versus entities);
     Failure to compare the compliance burden on the typical 
small business in relevant terms to the burden on other affected 
businesses; and
     Reliance on Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) data to 
determine the proportion of small versus large subcontractors.
    Response: The Councils have considered concerns raised by 
respondents regarding IRFA concerns and provide the following in 
response:
     The E.O. provides no exclusion for supplier agreements. 
Supplier agreements are used between a company and its supplier, are 
typically for products, and range in contract value. However, the 
exemption for COTS items, and the $500,000 and above threshold, should 
minimize the number

[[Page 58618]]

of supplier agreements with small businesses that are covered by the 
E.O.
     The FAR Council worked closely with DOL in developing the 
final RIA for this rule. In response to public comments, DOL reexamined 
the methodology used to develop the estimated percentage of likely 
violators and has revised the estimate for all entities from 4.05 
percent to 9.67 percent. For a detailed discussion of the estimating 
methodology, please see the final RIA. The Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (FRFA) has been prepared using the 9.67 percent estimate 
developed for the RIA.
     The FAR Council, working closely with DOL, developed the 
regulatory compliance burden estimates used in the analyses prepared 
for this final rulemaking. In response to public comments, relative 
size structure and complexity of small and other than small businesses 
has been considered and taken into account in developing the burden 
estimates. The Government does not collect data that easily translates 
into such a stratification of business size and complexity, however, 
where it was feasible and lent greater realism to the estimates, it has 
been considered, e.g., estimates of tracking system costs. For a more 
detailed discussion of how relative business size and complexity have 
been considered, see the final RIA.
     The Government's procurement data source is FPDS, and this 
data system is used in preparing estimates for procurement regulatory 
actions. For each procurement, FPDS contains a data field that 
indicates whether the procurement is awarded to a small business or an 
other than small business. As the Government has no other comparable 
data source for business size of subcontractors, the approximate 
percentage of small versus large businesses represented in FPDS was 
applied, as an estimating methodology, in developing the estimated 
population of subcontractors.
    Comment: Respondents stated the Government failed to articulate in 
the IRFA a rational basis for its decision to promulgate the rule, in 
violation of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Specifically, respondents 
contended that the Government merely regurgitated the substance of E.O. 
13673, made a conclusory statement that the rule would reinforce 
protections for workers, and made a conclusory statement that the rule 
would ensure the Government contracted with companies with a 
satisfactory record of business ethics.
    Response: The FAR Council examined a number of options and 
combinations of options to meet the requirements of the E.O., achieve 
the objectives of the E.O., and minimize burden on industry, especially 
small businesses. The introductory summary to this section III.B.11. 
describes the results of this examination of options, which include 
implementing the alternative for subcontractor labor law decision 
disclosures to DOL instead of to the prime contractor. This alternative 
approach is expected to reduce the compliance burden of this regulatory 
action for primes and subcontractors and will benefit small businesses, 
particularly small business prime contractors. The FRFA contains 
discussion of the examination and consideration of these options.
    Although it is not possible to guarantee the Government only 
contracts with companies with integrity and business ethics, the E.O. 
and the rule are expected to greatly increase the Government's ability 
to contract with companies that regularly comply with labor laws, as 
the rule and DOL Guidance provide a structural foundation and 
assistance to companies that do business with the Government to 
continually improve their compliance with labor laws.
    Comment: Respondents stated the Government failed to identify in 
the IRFA any significant alternatives to the rule that accomplished the 
rule's stated objectives while minimizing any significant economic 
impact on small entities, in violation of the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act. For example, the respondents indicated that Government did not 
analyze the recordkeeping or ongoing compliance costs that will be 
imposed on small businesses. In addition, Federal dollars would be 
better spent improving existing processes rather than requiring 
contractors to collect data and self-report.
    Response: In the proposed rule the FAR Council recognized that the 
rule would impose recordkeeping and ongoing compliance costs. The FAR 
Council requested input from the public regarding what types of 
recordkeeping systems it might employ to develop and maintain 
compliance, and what costs might be incurred to initialize and maintain 
such systems. The final rule analyses (RIA, PRA Supporting Statement, 
and FRFA) have been developed to include estimates for such costs. The 
Government remains committed to ongoing efforts to improve its ability 
to retrieve data from the various enforcement agencies. As these 
abilities are developed and improved, the Government will continue to 
consider the most efficient means to meet the requirements and 
objective of the E.O. and minimize compliance burden on industry, 
especially small businesses.
    Comment: One respondent stated the Government failed to identify in 
the IRFA any relevant Federal rules which may duplicate, overlap, or 
conflict with the rule, in violation of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. 
In particular, the respondent asserted that the rule conflicts with 
suspension and debarment procedures because Congress determined the 
suspension and debarment remedy should be available for only two of the 
statutes identified in E.O. 13673: The Davis-Bacon Act and the Service 
Contract Act. The respondent also asserted that each of the 14 labor 
laws already have complex enforcement mechanisms and remedial schemes, 
and only some of those allow for the denial of a Federal contract as a 
result of a violation.
    Response: The Councils do not find that the rule conflicts with 
existing procedures for suspension and debarment. The rule creates 
procedures associated with the award of individual contracts. 
Suspension and debarment applies to contracts across all Federal 
agencies. Suspension and debarment procedures and labor law enforcement 
procedures are independent of one another. Companies who have violated 
labor laws respond to the enforcing agency or body that found the 
violation. Suspension and debarment actions are taken by Suspending and 
Debarring Officials to protect the Government's interest when a 
company's record of integrity and business ethics indicates cause for 
concern. The actions of an enforcement agency when it issues an 
administrative merits determination for a labor law violation, and the 
procurement system's use of the suspension and debarment process, are 
independent of each other. For additional discussion see Section 
III.B.1 of this preamble.
    Comment: Respondents expressed concern that small businesses 
(especially Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned, Women-owned and HUBzone 
small businesses) would not have the resources to collect and assess 
information on the labor law violations of large contractors, including 
Fortune 500 companies, that serve as their subcontractors.
    Response: The Councils acknowledge that small business prime 
contractors may have larger firms as subcontractors, and the assessment 
of the labor law violations of a large firm may be especially difficult 
for the small prime contractor. The Councils have revised the final 
rule at FAR 52.222-59(c) to incorporate the alternative presented in

[[Page 58619]]

the proposed rule, whereby subcontractors provide their labor law 
decision disclosures (including mitigating factors and remedial 
measures) to DOL (see introductory summary to Section III.B.5). DOL 
will assess the violations and advise the subcontractor who will make a 
representation and statement to the prime contractor pursuant to FAR 
52.222-59(c)(4)(ii). A great deal of the burden to prime contractors, 
including small business prime contractors, thus has been reduced. If 
DOL does not provide a timely response, the final rule provides that 
the prime contractor may proceed with making a responsibility 
determination using available information and business judgment, 
including whether, given the circumstances, it can await DOL analysis, 
see FAR 52.222-59(c)(6).
    Comment: Respondents expressed concerns that the DOL Guidance was 
devoid of any instructions on how the size of a contractor could impact 
an analysis of whether a business had ``pervasive'' violations and 
therefore could be applied inequitably against small businesses. In 
addition, a respondent expressed concern that there was no definition 
in the DOL Guidance of what constituted a small, medium, or large 
contractor.
    Response: Contractor size standards are the purview of the SBA and 
are specific to the procurement's assigned North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) code. However, in response to these 
comments in its Preamble to the final Guidance, DOL explains that it 
declines to eliminate the company-size factor because the E.O. 
explicitly requires the Department to ``take into account . . . the 
aggregate number of violations of requirements in relation to the size 
of the entity.'' See E.O. Section 4(b)(i)(B)(4). DOL notes that the 
size of the employer will be one factor among many assessed when 
considering whether violations are pervasive. Likewise, DOL declines to 
establish specific criteria for how company size will affect the 
determination of pervasive violations. Violations vary significantly, 
making the imposition of bright-line rules for company size 
inadvisable. However, the final DOL Guidance in Appendix D provides 
examples that note in most of the examples the number of employees for 
the contractor. The examples illustrate circumstances under which 
violations may be classified as pervasive.
    Comment: One respondent stated the Government violated the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act by failing to identify or consider in the 
IRFA the burden of compliance faced by small entities such as small 
towns, small nonprofit organizations, and small school systems.
    Response: To the extent that small towns, nonprofit organizations, 
and school systems are engaged in Federal procurement contracts, award 
information to these entities is reported in FPDS. The FRFA addresses 
the impact on small entities such as small towns, small nonprofit 
organizations, and small school systems.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concern about small businesses' 
ability to monitor subcontractor compliance near the threshold value of 
$500,000, and suggested raising the threshold to $3 million for small 
business prime contractors.
    Response: The E.O. set the $500,000 applicability threshold in 
order to minimize impact on small business and to be consistent with 
current procurement practices, including the then-existing FAPIIS 
reporting threshold ($500,000 when the E.O. was signed). The threshold 
in the FAR rule will remain at $500,000.
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
expressed concerns that prime contractors will avoid contracting with a 
small business that has a labor law violation, rather than wait for the 
outcome of a responsibility determination, and that it would be 
difficult and costly to find new subcontractors.
    Response: The existence of a single labor law decision is not cause 
for disqualification; however, if a subcontractor is found to be 
nonresponsible, then it is appropriate to select a more suitable 
source. All businesses with labor law violations, including small 
business subcontractors, are encouraged to remediate violations and 
consult early with DOL. In addition, the Councils have revised the 
final rule to implement the alternative approach provided in the 
proposed rule, whereby subcontractor labor law information (including 
decisions, mitigating factors, and remedial measures) is submitted to 
DOL and DOL assesses the violations (FAR 52.222-59(c)). (See 
introductory summary to Section III.B.5.) This revised implementation 
is designed to, among other things, lessen the concerns of prime 
contractors so that they will continue subcontracting with small 
businesses.
    The final rule has been revised at FAR 22.2004-2(b)(6) to clarify 
that for prime contractors ``[d]isclosure of labor law decision(s) does 
not automatically render the offeror nonresponsible'' and ``[t]he 
contracting officer shall consider the offeror for contract award 
notwithstanding disclosure of one or more labor law decision(s).'' 
Similar language is added at FAR 52.222-59(c)(2) regarding 
subcontractor violations.
    Comment: The SBA Office of Advocacy stated the proposed regulation 
underestimated the rule's ``quantifiable cost'' to the public, and 
recommended that the Council and DOL provide more clarity as to the 
actual cost of compliance for small entities acting as prime 
contractors and as subcontractors. As an example, the respondent said 
the Government's calculation did not reflect additional time and cost 
to review phase two of the DOL Guidance and the revised FAR rule, nor 
did it include any costs for review of current State labor laws.
    Response: In preparing the analyses (RIA, PRA Supporting Statement, 
FRFA) for the final rule, DOL and the FAR Council considered public 
comments and have adjusted the estimates of quantifiable costs of 
compliance with the regulation, including the costs for regulatory 
review and familiarization. DOL and the FAR Council have also paid 
particular attention to, and where appropriate have noted more clearly, 
the estimates of costs of compliance for small entities acting as prime 
contractors and as subcontractors. The proposed and final FAR rules do 
not address the cost of reporting violations related to equivalent 
State laws (other than OSHA-approved State Plans) because the rule and 
DOL's Guidance do not implement those requirements of E.O. 13673. (See 
also the discussion above at Section III.B.1.d.)
    Comment: The SBA Office of Advocacy recommended that the IRFA be 
amended to reflect the costs that are cited in the RIA. The Office of 
Advocacy suggested that to further support the importance of this cost 
data, once such data are made more readily available, the Council 
should extend the public comment period for 30 days.
    Response: The RIA includes estimates of all costs associated with 
the rulemaking and an assessment and (to the extent feasible) a 
quantification and monetization of benefits and costs anticipated to 
result from the proposed action and from alternative regulatory 
actions. The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) requires Federal agencies 
to consider the impact of regulations on small entities in developing 
regulations. If a proposed rule is expected to have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, an initial 
regulatory flexibility analysis must be prepared. A summary of the 
proposed RIA and IRFA were published with the proposed rule and full

[[Page 58620]]

documents were available for review by the general public. The public 
comment period deadline was extended twice from the original closing 
date of July 27, 2015, to August 11, 2015, and again to August 26, 
2015, to provide additional time for interested parties to review and 
provide comments on the FAR case including the RIA and IRFA. Those 
comments have been reviewed and considered in the development of the 
final RIA and FRFA.
    Comment: A respondent suggested exempting small businesses to 
lessen burden.
    Response: The objective of the E.O. is to increase the ability of 
the Government to award contracts to contractors that are compliant 
with labor laws and as such does not exempt small businesses. However, 
the E.O. and the FAR rule were designed to minimize the burden 
associated with the required disclosure for Federal contractors and 
subcontractors, especially small businesses.
    Comment: A respondent suggested the Government allow small business 
to submit their filings to one central database in order to lessen the 
burden on small businesses.
    Response: In regard to prime contractors (including small 
businesses), the initial representations are completed in SAM. If, at 
responsibility determination, disclosures are required, they will 
likewise be made in SAM. For subcontractors (including small business 
subcontractors), the Councils have revised paragraphs (c) and (d) of 
the FAR clause 52.222-59, Compliance With Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673), in the final rule to implement the alternative presented in the 
proposed rule for subcontract labor law violations to be disclosed to 
DOL. (See the introductory summary to Section III.B.5.) This eliminates 
the requirement for subcontractors to disclose to each of their 
contractors, reducing the compliance burden for small businesses 
whether in the capacity of primes or subcontractors.
    Comment: A respondent suggested that the IRFA's discussion of 
alternatives to subcontractor reporting overstates the obligation of 
the prime contractor to make a subcontractor responsibility 
determination.
    Response: Consistent with existing procurement practice and FAR 
9.104-4(a), prospective prime contractors are responsible for 
determining the responsibility of their prospective subcontractors.
12. State Laws
a. OSHA-Approved State Plans
    The E.O. directs DOL to define the State laws that are equivalent 
to the 14 identified Federal labor laws and executive orders. See E.O. 
Section 2(a)(i)(O). The proposed DOL Guidance stated that OSHA-approved 
State Plans are equivalent State laws for purposes of the E.O.'s 
disclosure requirements because the OSH Act permits certain States to 
administer OSHA-approved State occupational safety-and-health plans in 
lieu of Federal enforcement of the OSH Act. See 80 FR 30574, 30579.
    Comment: Several respondents addressed the inclusion of OSHA-
approved State Plans as equivalent State laws. One respondent agreed 
that State Plans are equivalent to the OSH Act, as the State Plans 
function in lieu of the OSH Act in those States, and a second 
respondent called it ``essential'' to the E.O.'s purpose that both the 
OSH Act and ``its State law equivalents'' be included.
    In contrast, another respondent argued that the State Plans are not 
equivalent State laws. The respondent noted that, under Section 18 of 
the OSH Act, the State Plans must be ``at least as effective'' as 
OSHA's program, and therefore may be more protective than OSHA's 
requirements.
    Response: DOL responds to these comments in its Preamble to the 
final DOL Guidance. See DOL Preamble Section-by-Section Analysis, 
II.B., coverage of ``OSHA State Plans''. DOL did not modify this aspect 
of the Guidance. The Councils agree with DOL. Equivalent State laws do 
not need to be identical to Federal laws, and failing to include the 
OSHA-approved State Plans would lead to a gap in coverage. The OSHA-
approved State Plans can be found at www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/approved_state_plans.html.
b. Phased Implementation of Equivalent State Laws
    The proposed Guidance provided that DOL will identify additional 
equivalent State laws in a second Guidance to be published in the 
Federal Register at a later date.
    Comment: Several respondents expressed concern that the Guidance is 
incomplete without identification of all equivalent State laws. A 
number of them argued that without the second Guidance employers are 
unable to estimate the costs associated with implementing the E.O., 
including the disclosure requirements. One respondent asserted that by 
failing to identify equivalent State laws, the proposed Guidance 
ignored the costs of tracking and disclosing violations of potentially 
hundreds of additional laws and the potential costs of entering into 
labor compliance agreements with respect to those additional laws. Some 
industry respondents called for a delay of the implementation of the 
E.O.'s requirements until guidance identifying the equivalent State 
laws is issued. Another respondent requested that the second Guidance 
not be issued at all because the requirement will be ``unworkable.'' 
Others encouraged DOL to issue the second Guidance ``swiftly'' before 
the end of 2015.
    Response: DOL responds to these comments in its Preamble to the 
final DOL Guidance. See DOL Preamble Section VIII. Effective date and 
phase-in of requirements, coverage of ``Phased implementation of 
equivalent state laws''. DOL did not modify this aspect of the 
Guidance. The Councils agree with DOL. DOL plans to identify the 
equivalent State laws in a second Guidance published in the Federal 
Register at a later date.
    That second Guidance will be subject to notice and comment, and the 
FAR Council will engage in an accompanying rulemaking that will include 
the costs of disclosing labor law decisions concerning violations of 
equivalent State laws, and address applicable requirements of the CRA, 
SBREFA, RFA, and E.O. 12866. Delaying implementation of all of the 
E.O.'s requirements until DOL completes the second Guidance will not 
serve to promote the E.O.'s goal of improving the Federal contracting 
process and would have negative consequences on the economy and 
efficiency of Federal contracting by allowing contractors who have 
unsatisfactory records of compliance with the 14 Federal labor laws 
identified in the Order, and OSHA-approved State Plans, to secure new 
contracts in the interim. The proposed and final FAR rules do not 
address the cost of reporting violations related to equivalent State 
laws (other than OSHA-approved State Plans) because the rule and DOL's 
Guidance do not implement those requirements of E.O. 13673. (See also 
the discussion at Section III.B.1.d.)
13. DOL Guidance Content Pertaining to Disclosure Requirements
    Introductory Summary: The Councils received various responses 
concerning matters addressed by DOL Guidance and applied in the 
proposed rule. The E.O., Section 2, provides, in relevant part, that 
DOL Guidance will define ``administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment . . . rendered . . . for 
violations of any of the [listed] labor

[[Page 58621]]

laws and Executive Orders (labor laws).'' The E.O., Section 4(b), 
states, in relevant part, that DOL ``shall (i) develop guidance . . . 
to assist agencies in determining whether administrative merits 
determinations, arbitral awards or decisions, or civil judgments were 
issued for serious, repeated, willful, or pervasive violations of these 
requirements for purposes of implementation of any final rule issued by 
the FAR Council pursuant to this order.'' DOL analyzed public comments, 
and developed definitions which the FAR Council is adopting in its 
final rule. The DOL Guidance was initially published concurrent with 
this FAR rule and significant revisions to the Guidance will be 
published for public comment. DOL's analysis is referred to below; for 
more detail see the DOL Preamble published today accompanying the DOL 
Guidance.
a. General Comments
    Comment: Respondents, including the SBA Office of Advocacy, 
contested the proposed rule's incorporation by reference of the DOL 
Guidance. Some respondents asserted that because the DOL Guidance is 
explicitly incorporated in the FAR, it is a de facto regulatory 
provision that must be subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking. Other 
respondents said that any future changes to the DOL Guidance must also 
be subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking. One respondent said the 
current approach, which incorporates the DOL Guidance into the FAR, is 
a violation of the APA. One respondent requested the withdrawal of the 
DOL Guidance.
    Response: The Councils disagree that references in the rule to 
DOL's Guidance, such as for purposes of determining whether a labor law 
violation is serious, repeated, willful and/or pervasive, conflict with 
the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553(b). The E.O. charges DOL with developing guidance 
on, among other things, the definitions of those specific terms. The 
rule accordingly relies on those definitions. Moreover, whether or not 
required, DOL satisfied the APA by publishing the proposed Guidance in 
the Federal Register and soliciting and then considering comments 
before issuing the final Guidance. The FAR 22.2002 definition of ``DOL 
Guidance'' includes an acknowledgement that significant revisions will 
be published for public comment in the Federal Register.
    Comment: One respondent requested that DOL provide a 
``preclearance'' process for contractors who have no labor law 
violations, or have remedied any reportable labor law violations. The 
respondent also requested the names of precleared contractors be made 
publicly available.
    Response: DOL has provided a preassessment process for prospective 
prime contractors and subcontractors, covered in the DOL Guidance at 
Section VI. However, the FAR does not cover a preassessment process 
because it takes place prior to the procurement process. Concerning 
covered subcontractors, the final rule has been modified to clarify 
that contractors shall direct their prospective subcontractors to 
submit labor law violation information (including mitigating factors 
and remedial measures) to DOL. (See introductory summary to Section 
III.B.5.) Contractors will consider DOL analysis and advice as they 
make responsibility determinations on their prospective subcontractors. 
See FAR 22.2004-1(b), 52.222-58, and 52.222-59(c) and (d).
    Comment: One respondent commented that if the Government chooses to 
apply the E.O. to subcontractors, the definition of ``subcontract'' and 
``subcontractor'' should be modified. It stated that the proposed DOL 
Guidance definitions were inconsistent with the FAR part 44 provisions 
on subcontracting, which narrowly define a ``subcontract'' and 
``subcontractor.''
    Response: The DOL Guidance is not inconsistent with the definitions 
of ``subcontract'' and ``subcontractor'' in FAR part 44. Unlike FAR 
part 44, the DOL Guidance does not specifically define these terms. 
Rather, it defines the term ``covered subcontract''--meaning a 
subcontract that is covered by the E.O. It describes how it uses the 
term ``subcontractor,'' for ease of reference both to subcontractors 
and prospective subcontractors. Neither of these uses of the terms are 
inconsistent with FAR part 44. The definition of ``covered 
subcontract'' in the DOL Guidance is consistent with sections 2(a)(i) 
and (iv) of the E.O. which limit applicability to prime contracts 
exceeding $500,000, and any subcontracts exceeding $500,000 except for 
acquisitions for COTS items. Prime contractors will determine 
applicability by following the requirement as it is outlined in FAR 
52.222-59(c)(1). Consistent with the E.O., the DOL Guidance explains, 
among other things, that references to ``contractors'' and 
``subcontractors'' include both individuals and organizations, and both 
offerors on and holders of contracts (see DOL Guidance, Section V, 
Subcontractor responsibility).
    Comment: One respondent requested that a definition of ``compliant 
with labor laws'' be added, and that the phrase be defined as 
compliance with current business ethics standards.
    Response: The Councils decline to add a definition of ``compliant 
with labor laws'' to mean compliance with current business ethics 
standards. While clearly compatible, the two terms are distinct and not 
always coextensive.
    Comment: A respondent expressed concerns that DOL's Guidance 
permits contracting officers to take remedial measures up to and 
including contract termination and referral to the agency's suspending 
and debarring officials. They contended that the new proposals play 
directly into the hands of malicious third parties that seek to put 
unfair pressure on employers, because mere allegations of labor law 
violations could result in disqualification of targeted Government 
contractors.
    Response: Contracting officers have a number of contract remedies 
available to them that are preexisting in the FAR. The final rule, 
consistent with the proposed rule, includes mention of a number of 
these available remedies, and also addresses the availability of a 
labor compliance agreement as a remedy. The DOL Guidance mentions the 
remedies that are addressed in the FAR. The DOL Guidance does not 
create or permit actions available to contracting officers. The E.O. 
contemplates that information regarding labor law violations will be 
``obtained through other sources.'' During the postaward period, ALCAs 
are required to consider any information received from sources other 
than the Federal databases into which disclosures are made. See FAR 
22.2004-3(b)(1). ALCAs will be available to receive such information 
from other sources. ALCAs will not recommend any action regarding 
alleged violations unless a labor law decision, as defined in FAR 
22.2002, has been rendered against the contractor.
    Comment: A respondent recommended that the rule provide that 
agreeing to legally enforceable protection for workers who come forward 
with information regarding violations is a strong mitigating factor in 
determining a contractor's ethics and responsibility. The respondent 
asserted that the best tool for ensuring that future violations do not 
occur are informed workers who are not afraid to step forward when a 
violation occurs.
    Response: Although protections for workers are not addressed in the 
FAR rule, DOL does include consideration of such information as a 
mitigating factor in the Guidance at Section III.B.1., Mitigating 
factors that weigh in favor of a satisfactory record of Labor Law 
compliance, at paragraph d, which is also found in Appendix E, 
Assessing

[[Page 58622]]

Violations of the Labor Laws. The E.O. does not authorize the Councils 
to create an anti-retaliation mechanism for adverse actions taken 
against workers or others who provide information to contracting 
officers, ALCAs, or others. The Councils note, however, that Federal 
law provides whistleblower protections to employees who report fraud or 
other violations of the law related to Federal contracts. See, e.g., 
FAR subpart 3.9, Whistleblower Protections for Contractor Employees.
b. Defining Violations: Administrative Merits Determinations, Arbitral 
Awards, and Civil Judgments
    Comment: Two respondents said that administrative merits 
determinations by Government agencies are not and cannot be labeled as 
labor law violations, as proposed by FAR subpart 22.20.
    Response: The E.O. requires the disclosure and weighing of 
administrative merits determinations, arbitral awards or decisions, and 
civil judgments, as defined in Guidance issued by DOL, for violations 
of the specified labor laws (see E.O. Section 2(a)(i)). This can 
include determinations, awards, decisions, and judgments subject to 
appeal. Challenges to the express contents of the E.O. are outside the 
purview of this rulemaking. (See also the discussion at Section 
III.B.1.b.)
    Comment: One respondent requested that the regulation limit the 
scope of reportable labor law violations to facilities currently in use 
and owned by the contractor at the time of a bid, and to employees 
currently working under Federal contract.
    Response: The Councils decline to limit disclosure requirements to 
facilities currently in use and owned by the contractor at the time of 
a bid and to employees currently working under Federal contract. Such 
limitations on the scope of disclosure would be inconsistent with and 
largely undermine the effectiveness of the E.O.
    Comment: One respondent requested that the regulation clarify 
whether a matter qualifies as a labor law violation if it is settled or 
resolved in a manner that results in the elimination of the violation.
    Response: While not negating the existence of an administrative 
merits determination, arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment (as 
defined in the DOL Guidance), evidence submitted of remedial measures 
taken to resolve or settle a labor law violation shall be considered by 
a contracting officer in making a responsibility determination. A 
private settlement, however, that occurs without a determination of a 
labor law violation is not a civil judgment under the E.O. In addition, 
as the DOL Guidance explains, a labor law decision that is reversed or 
vacated in its entirety need not be disclosed. (See Section II.B.4. of 
the Guidance.)
    Comment: Respondents commented that FAR subpart 22.20 should 
require contractors to report only fully adjudicated labor law 
violations. Specifically, the respondents challenged the definition of 
labor law violation as including administrative merits determinations 
asserting that administrative merits determinations are not final, are 
frequently overturned in court, are not issued pursuant to proceedings 
that provide due process protections to contractors, and are often 
issued based on novel, untested theories that seek to expand or 
overturn existing law.
    Response: The E.O. mandates the disclosure of administrative merits 
determinations of labor law violations. Furthermore, the Councils 
disagree that requiring disclosure of administrative merits 
determinations will interfere with due process. Existing procedural 
safeguards available to prospective contractors during the preaward 
responsibility determination, or to contractors during postaward 
performance, remain intact. Among other things, contractors receive 
notice that the responsibility determination is being made and are 
offered a predecisional opportunity to be heard by submission of any 
relevant information, including mitigating factors related to any labor 
law decision. Also, no limit is placed on contractors' postdecisional 
opportunity to be heard through existing administrative processes and 
the Federal courts. (See also the discussion at Section III.B.1.b.)
    Comment: One respondent commented that, as with the definition of 
administrative merits determination, the definitions of civil judgment 
and arbitral award or decision are, in some instances, based on 
preliminary determinations or mere allegations. By requiring 
contractors to report such preliminary findings, the respondent 
contended that the DOL Guidance short-circuits due process and gives 
undue weight to preliminary determinations. The respondent suggested 
revising the definitions of ``civil judgment'' and ``arbitral award or 
decision'' to limit them to judgments made on the basis of a complete 
record, including contractor response, a decision in writing, and a 
finding of fault.
    Response: The Councils do not agree that the definitions for civil 
judgment and arbitral award or decision undermine due process or are 
based on allegations alone and need to be limited. For purposes of the 
E.O., a labor law violation may exist, even if the determination is not 
final, or, in the case of preliminary injunctions, if there is a court 
order that enjoins or restrains a labor law violation.
    Comment: The SBA Office of Advocacy asked on behalf of small 
businesses whether the rule allows for due process and stated that the 
implication of the rule is that a disclosure of a violation, such as 
administrative merits determinations, before final adjudication may 
result in the denial of a contract.
    Response: Requiring disclosure of administrative merits 
determinations will not interfere with due process. Existing procedural 
safeguards available to prospective contractors during the preaward 
responsibility determination, or to contractors during postaward 
performance, remain intact. Among other things, contractors receive 
notice that the responsibility determination is being made and are 
offered a predecisional opportunity to be heard by submission of any 
relevant information, including mitigating factors related to any labor 
law decision. Also, no limit is placed on contractors' postdecisional 
opportunity to be heard through existing administrative processes and 
the Federal courts. (See also discussion at Section III.B.1.b.)
    Comment: Respondent commented that every labor law identified in 
the E.O. provides due process for contractors before they can be forced 
to pay a fine, or comply with long term injunctive relief. However, the 
respondent indicated that the proposed FAR rule and proposed DOL 
Guidance provide virtually no due process protections. According to the 
respondent, basing responsibility determinations on preliminary agency 
findings undermines the accuracy of responsibility determinations and 
increases the chance that contracts will be denied due to mistakes, 
incompetency, and bias with little possibility of check, balance, or 
correction by an objective arbiter. While permitting contractors the 
opportunity to explain reportable incidents is a critically important 
component, respondent asserts that it provides little comfort to 
contractors who still have comparatively little real guidance about the 
types of conduct that will lead to the denial of Federal contracts or 
de facto debarment.
    Response: Employers who receive administrative findings of labor 
law violations have the right to due process, including various levels 
of adjudication

[[Page 58623]]

and review before administrative and judicial tribunals, depending on 
the labor law involved in the violation. For clarity, DOL has modified 
its Guidance to include an additional discussion of the three steps in 
the assessment and advice process: Classifying of violations, weighing 
of the violations and mitigating factors, and providing advice. This 
discussion provides extensive information about the factors that weigh 
in favor of a satisfactory record of labor law compliance, and those 
factors that weigh against. It also now contains a separate and more 
extensive explanation of labor compliance agreements, which are another 
tool that may be used to assist contractors in coming into compliance 
(See DOL Guidance, Section III.B. and III.C.).
    Comment: One respondent commented that nonfinal violations can be 
later overturned, which makes the reporting unfair. The respondent 
asserted that the process of agency adjudication and judicial appeal 
often results in the initial administrative decision being overturned--
yet the rule and Guidance unfairly sweep these decisions within its 
reach, risking loss of contracts before the employer is ultimately 
vindicated.
    Response: The E.O., Section 2(a)(i), requires the disclosure and 
weighing of administrative merits determinations, arbitral awards or 
decisions, or civil judgments, as defined in Guidance issued by DOL, 
for violations of the specified labor laws and E.O.s. As the DOL 
Guidance explains, this can include determinations, awards, decisions, 
and judgments subject to appeal. The DOL Guidance explains that 
contractors' opportunity to provide all relevant information--including 
mitigating circumstances--coupled with the explicit recognition that 
nonfinal administrative merits determinations should be given lesser 
weight, addresses due process concerns. A contractor's avenues to seek 
due process under the statutes or E.O.s violated remain undiminished 
and undisturbed by the E.O. and this rule. Finally, the aim of the rule 
is to increase efficiency by increasing contractor compliance with the 
specified labor laws, not to deny contracts. Federal agencies have a 
duty to protect the integrity of the procurement process by contracting 
with responsible sources that are compliant with the terms and 
conditions of their contracts including labor laws.
    In addition, as the DOL Guidance explains, a labor law decision 
that is reversed or vacated in its entirety need not be disclosed. (See 
Section II.B.4. of the Guidance.)
    Comment: Respondent expressed concerns that the proposed rule will 
disqualify contractors from performing Government work because of 
unadjudicated agency decisions or judicial allegations.
    Response: As explained in DOL's Preamble, nonfinal administrative 
merits determinations are not mere allegations. These determinations 
are made only after the agency has conducted an investigation or 
inspection and has concluded, based on evidentiary findings, that a 
violation has occurred. (See the section-by-section analysis in the 
Preamble to DOL Guidance at Section II.B.1.) Furthermore, the 
definition of administrative merits determination (see DOL Guidance 
Section II.B.1) is used to identify the extent of a contractor's 
obligation to disclose violations. Not all disclosed violations are 
relevant to a recommendation regarding a contractor's integrity and 
business ethics. Only those that are found to be serious, repeated, 
willful, and/or pervasive will be subsequently considered as part of 
the weighing step and will factor into the ALCA's written analysis and 
advice. Moreover, when disclosing labor law violations, a contractor 
has the opportunity to submit all relevant information it deems 
necessary to demonstrate responsibility, including mitigating factors 
and remedial measures such as steps taken to achieve compliance with 
labor laws. See FAR 22.2004-2(b)(1)(ii). The DOL Guidance provides that 
information that the contractor is challenging or appealing an adverse 
administrative merits determination will be carefully considered.
    Comment: Respondents favored full disclosure of potential 
violations for the consideration of contracting officers. Another 
respondent requested that contractors not be required to disclose 
allegations of unlawful conduct made by employees or their 
representatives.
    Response: The E.O. expressly provides as a threshold for disclosure 
an administrative merits determination, civil judgment, or arbitral 
award or decision of a labor law violation. For this reason, the 
Councils decline to add a disclosure requirement of a potential 
violation. An allegation alone does not mandate disclosure under the 
E.O. However, an allegation may lead to a determination, or the 
enjoining or restraining, of a labor law violation by an administrative 
merits determination, civil judgment, or arbitral award or decision 
that would need to be disclosed.
    Comment: Respondents opposed the requirement that confidential 
arbitral awards or decisions should be reported, as this would violate 
State laws that enforce the terms of any confidentiality agreements 
contained in the arbitration award and expose contractors to suit for 
breach of a confidentiality provision.
    Response: The E.O., Section 2(a)(i), specifically requires the 
disclosure of arbitral awards or decisions without exception, and 
confidentiality provisions in non-disclosure agreements generally have 
exceptions for disclosures required by law. Further, the final rule 
requires contractors to publicly disclose only four limited pieces of 
information: The labor law that was violated, the case number, the date 
of the award or decision, and the name of the arbitrator(s). See FAR 
22.2004-2(b)(1)(i). There is nothing particularly sensitive about this 
information, as evidenced by the fact that parties routinely disclose 
this information and more when they file court actions seeking to 
vacate, confirm, or modify an arbitral award. While this information 
may not be sensitive, disclosing it to the government as part of the 
contracting process furthers the Executive Order's goal of ensuring 
that the government works with contractors that have track records of 
complying with labor laws.
    Comment: One respondent commented that disclosure requirements 
should apply to private settlements in which the lawsuit is dismissed 
without any judgment being entered because legal actions against 
companies often settle without a formal judgment by a court or 
tribunal. The respondent suggested that the final rule should require 
the disclosure of labor law violation cases that were settled without a 
final judgment, and contracting officers should be required to assess 
such cases as part of the responsibility determination.
    Response: Disclosure is required for civil judgments that are not 
final, or are subject to appeal, provided the court determined that 
there was a labor law violation, or enjoined or restrained a labor law 
violation. If a private settlement results in a lawsuit dismissed by 
the court without any judgment being entered of a labor law violation 
or without any enjoining or restraining of a labor law violation, it 
does not meet the definition of ``civil judgment''.
    Comment: One respondent opposed the requirement that contractors 
report civil judgments that are not final, such as preliminary 
injunctions and temporary restraining orders.
    Response: In defining ``civil judgment'' for the implementation of 
the E.O., DOL affirms that disclosure is required for court judgments 
and orders

[[Page 58624]]

that are not final, or are subject to appeal, provided the court 
determined that there was a labor law violation, or enjoined or 
restrained a labor law violation. A preliminary injunction qualifies as 
a civil judgment if the court order or judgment enjoins or restrains a 
labor law violation. Temporary restraining orders, however, are not 
civil judgments for the purposes of the Order, and need not be 
disclosed. They are distinct from preliminary injunctions under the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and can, in certain circumstances, be 
issued without notice to the adverse party. (See DOL Preamble, section-
by-section analysis, Section II.B.2, Defining ``civil judgment'' and 
DOL Guidance Section II.B.2.)
    Comment: A number of respondents requested that various violations 
be exempted from the disclosure requirement or that others that are not 
reportable be required to be disclosed.
    One respondent requested that contractors not be required to 
disclose OSHA violations that do not occur on the premises of the 
contractor; two respondents requested that contractors not be required 
to report violations caused by the Government; two respondents 
requested that contractors not be required to disclose administrative 
merits determinations issued by a Regional Director of the National 
Labor Relations Board; one respondent requested that contractors be 
required to report violations of foreign laws similar to the 14 
statutes and executive orders listed in FAR subpart 22.20; one 
respondent requested that contractors be required to report all health 
and safety violations found by any Government agency; and one 
respondent requested that contractors be required to disclose labor law 
violations that occurred only while the contractor was performing a 
Government contract.
    Response: The E.O. required DOL to provide Guidance that includes 
definitions of ``administrative merits determination'', ``arbitral 
award or decision'', and ``civil judgment''. DOL proposed definitions, 
analyzed public comments, and has retained the essence of the proposed 
definitions, but has made some minor revisions. Discussion of the 
revisions can be found in Section II.B. of the section-by-section 
analysis in the Preamble to the Guidance, and the final definitions can 
be found in Section II.B. of the Guidance. Regarding the request that 
contractors not be required to report violations caused by the 
Government, if a violation was caused by the Government, the contractor 
may present this as a mitigating factor. See Section III.B.1.f. of the 
Guidance.
    Comment: One respondent requested that contractors not be required 
to disclose any violation caused by a contractor acting in good faith 
to vindicate its rights.
    Response: Disclosure of administrative merits determinations, 
arbitral awards or decisions, and civil judgments, as defined in 
Guidance issued by DOL, for violations of the specified labor laws and 
orders is required even if the violation occurred despite the 
contractor acting in good faith to vindicate its rights. As the DOL 
Guidance explains, however, evidence of ``good faith and reasonable 
grounds'' is a mitigating factor that weighs in favor of a 
recommendation that a contractor has a satisfactory record of labor law 
compliance. In addition, as the DOL Guidance explains, a labor law 
decision that is reversed or vacated in its entirety need not be 
disclosed. (See Section II.B.4. of the Guidance.)
    Comment: Respondents requested that contractors be required to 
disclose allegations of retaliation.
    Response: An allegation of retaliation standing alone does not 
mandate disclosure under the E.O. Disclosure is triggered if an 
allegation of retaliation, results in a determination, or enjoining, of 
a labor law violation by administrative merits determination, civil 
judgment, or arbitral award or decision. Also, as the DOL Guidance 
explains, evidence of retaliation related to a labor law violation 
weighs in favor of a serious violation classification.
    Comment: Some respondents observed that criminal violations of 
workplace law are not addressed in the draft regulations, and that 
existing acquisition regulations require contractors to only report on 
criminal workplace law violations if they occurred while performing a 
Federal contract. According to them, this would potentially exclude 
some of the most serious violations of workplace laws.
    The respondent indicated that while the E.O. does not specifically 
address criminal violations of workplace law, the FAR already requires 
disclosure of other types of criminal violations regardless of whether 
they occurred during the performance of a Federal contract. The 
respondent suggested that the final regulations should require 
contractors to report on criminal violations occurring on private 
contracts or, at the very least, allow contracting officers and 
compliance advisors to review this sort of information when conducting 
a review of a company that has disclosed other legal violations.
    Response: DOL has declined to adopt this, and the Councils agree.
    Comment: One respondent suggested that civil judgments and arbitral 
awards or decisions should concern conduct that occurred or ceased 
within the prior three years so that consideration is given only to 
reasonably current conduct and also requested that contractors be 
required to report only those administrative merits determinations made 
within the past three years.
    Response: The representation required of an offeror is to represent 
to the best of the offeror's knowledge and belief whether there has 
been ``an administrative merits determination, arbitral award or 
decision, or civil judgment for any labor law violation(s) rendered 
against the Offeror during the period beginning on October 25, 2015 to 
the date of the offer, or for three years preceding the date of the 
offer, whichever period is shorter''. (See FAR 52.222-57(c).) 
``Rendered'' refers to the date of the decision, not the date of the 
underlying conduct. Revisions have been made in the FAR text, including 
the representations, to make this clear. To facilitate initial 
implementation of the E.O., the final rule, and DOL Guidance, the 
Councils have modified provisions to require disclosures for the period 
beginning on October 25, 2015 to the date of the offer, or for three 
years preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is shorter.
    Comment: Respondent requested that contractors be required to 
disclose labor law violations that occurred only while the contractor 
was performing a Government contract.
    Response: The Councils decline to excuse from disclosure labor law 
violations that occur on nonGovernmental contracts. The E.O. provides 
no exclusion of violations that occur while performing nongovernmental 
work. (See discussion at Section III.B.1.b. above.)
c. Defining the Nature of Violations
i. Serious, Repeated, Willful, and/or Pervasive Violations
    Comment: Respondents stated that one or more of the definitions of 
``serious,'' ``repeated,'' ``willful,'' and ``pervasive'' in the DOL 
Guidance are extra-legal for various reasons, including that they are 
not found in a statute and are vague.
    Response: E.O. section 4(b)(i) directs DOL to develop guidance to 
assist agencies in classifying labor law violations as serious, 
repeated, willful, or pervasive. The definitions are specific, 
thoroughly explained in DOL Guidance, and are based on concrete, 
factual information. (See DOL Guidance,

[[Page 58625]]

Section III.A, Preaward assessment and advice--Classifying Labor Law 
violations; DOL Preamble, Section III.A, Preaward assessment and 
advice--Classifying Labor Law violations; also see the Appendices to 
the DOL Guidance.)
    Comment: A number of respondents commented on the definitions of 
``serious,'' ``repeated,'' ``willful,'' and ``pervasive''.
    Some respondents said the proposed definitions of ``serious,'' 
``repeated,'' ``willful,'' and ``pervasive'' found in proposed FAR 
subpart 22.20 are overbroad because they will result in virtually all 
labor and employment agency findings at whatever stage to be viewed as 
serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive. As a result, the 
respondents said the proposed definitions will overburden contractor 
responsibility determinations with irrelevant information, and will 
eliminate any cost savings contemplated by the Government.
    Other respondents said the vagueness of the proposed definitions of 
``serious,'' ``repeated,'' ``willful,'' and ``pervasive'' found in FAR 
subpart 22.20 will lead to inconsistent, arbitrary, capricious and 
nontransparent results across the Government.
    Response: The Councils do not agree that the definitions are 
overbroad or too vague. Rather, as defined in FAR subpart 22.20 and 
section III of the DOL Guidance, the criteria set forth for determining 
whether violations are serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive are 
fair, appropriate, and administrable. Many of the definitions provided 
in FAR subpart 22.20 and in section III of the DOL Guidance set out 
clear criteria that leave little room for ambiguity. However, in some 
instances, DOL has modified the criteria for increased clarity (see DOL 
Guidance, Section III.A., Preaward assessment and advice; DOL Guidance, 
Section III.A.1, Preaward assessment and advice--Classifying Labor Law 
violations; see also the Appendices to the DOL Guidance). DOL and ALCAs 
have or will develop the expertise necessary to classify and weigh the 
violations.
    Comment: One respondent indicated that the DOL Guidance's 
definition of ``administrative merits determination,'' combined with 
its definitions of ``serious'', ``repeated'', ``willful'', and 
``pervasive,'' will result in an agency always finding that there is a 
serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive violation, or some 
combination thereof. According to the respondent, this will lead to 
excessive and inconsistent ALCA assessments, as well as excessive costs 
for both Government agencies and contractors, because the definitions 
do not distinguish bad actors from the rest of the contractor 
community. For example, the respondent noted that because OSH Act 
violations are serious violations under the E.O. if the underlying 
citation was designated as serious by OSHA, a substantial majority of 
all OSHA citations would be classified as ``serious violations.'' The 
respondent also criticized the DOL Guidance's classification of a 
violation as serious if it affects 25 percent of the workforce because, 
in the respondent's view, the 25 percent threshold is too low and lacks 
a reasonable minimum for smaller sites, and the term ``worksite'' 
should be more clearly defined such as in the Worker Adjustment and 
Retraining Notification (WARN) Act. Finally, the respondent indicated 
that it would be inefficient and costly for contractors to have to 
negotiate labor compliance agreements with multiple enforcement 
agencies.
    Response: The rationale for requiring nonfinal administrative 
merits determinations to be reported has been explained in Section 
III.B.1.b. of this Preamble. Regarding the classification of violations 
under the E.O., the DOL Guidance's specific definitions of each of the 
terms ``serious,'' ``repeated,'' ``willful,'' and ``pervasive'' make it 
clear that not all violations will meet these criteria. Moreover, even 
if a violation is classified as serious, repeated, willful, and/or 
pervasive, the ALCA will also consider any additional information that 
the contractor has provided, including mitigating circumstances and 
remedial measures.
    Regarding the examples cited by the respondent, as to OSH Act 
violations, the DOL Guidance explicitly incorporated the OSH Act's 
definition of a serious violation to comply with Section 4(b)(i)(A) of 
the E.O., which requires incorporation of existing statutory standards 
for assessing whether a violation is serious, repeated, or willful. As 
to the 25 percent threshold, under the final DOL Guidance, this 
criterion has been narrowed so it applies only if there are at least 10 
affected workers, thus avoiding triggering the 25 percent threshold 
when only a few workers are affected. Additionally, as explained below 
in Section III.B.13.c.ii., the definition of ``worksite'' in the DOL 
Guidance is already similar to the definition of ``single site of 
employment'' under WARN Act regulations.
    Regarding the respondent's concerns about consistency, ALCAs will 
work closely with DOL during more complicated determinations, and DOL 
will be able to assist ALCAs in comparing a contractor's record with 
records that have in other cases resulted in advice that a labor 
compliance agreement is warranted, or that notification of the 
Suspending and Debarring Official is appropriate. Through its work with 
enforcement agencies, DOL also will provide assistance in analyzing 
whether remediation efforts are sufficient to bring contractors into 
compliance with labor laws and whether contractors have implemented 
programs or processes that will ensure future compliance in the course 
of performance of federal contracts. This level of coordination will 
ensure that ALCAs (and through them, contracting officers) receive 
guidance and structure.
    Finally, the Councils anticipate that labor compliance agreements 
will be warranted in relatively infrequent circumstances. As such, the 
respondent's concerns about contractors having to negotiate numerous 
labor compliance agreements with multiple agencies will not likely be 
realized.
ii. Serious Violations
    Comment: One respondent recommended revising the definition to 
remove any form of injunctive relief as a ``serious violation.''
    Response: The Councils and DOL agree with the respondent, and DOL 
has modified the definition of ``serious'' in the Guidance accordingly. 
In the final Guidance, DOL removes injunctive relief from the list of 
criteria used to classify violations as serious, given that injunctions 
may include violations that do not necessarily bear on a contractor's 
integrity and business ethics. DOL has, however, added injunctive 
relief to the weighing section of its Guidance. Both preliminary and 
permanent injunctions imposed by courts are rare and require a showing 
of compelling circumstances, including irreparable harm to workers and 
a threat to the public interest. Thus, DOL determined that the 
imposition of injunctive relief for a serious, repeated, willful, and/
or pervasive violation should give that violation additional weight 
against a finding that the contractor is responsible.
    Comment: Respondents requested the definition of ``serious'' 
include any violation resulting in death, serious bodily injury, or 
assault.
    Response: The Councils agree with DOL that a violation of any labor 
law should be serious when the violation causes or contributes to the 
death or serious injury of a worker. DOL has adopted this change in its 
final Guidance. The Councils agree with DOL that an assault would not 
necessarily

[[Page 58626]]

render a violation serious; no change is made to the DOL final Guidance 
to that effect.
    Comment: One respondent requested the definition of ``serious,'' 
when based on a fine or other monetary penalty, be based on the final 
adjudicated value of the fine, and not the original assessment. 
According to one respondent, monetary penalties or back-wage 
assessments may be reduced for a variety of reasons, such as an 
employer demonstrating that it did not commit all or any of the alleged 
violations, or that the agency's calculations were erroneous. 
Additionally, the respondent stated that characterizing the reduced 
amount, which the agency agrees to and accepts, as a mitigating factor 
is not factually or legally sound. Respondent recommended that the 
final, reduced amount paid should be the only amount reported and 
considered because the original assessment is a flawed indication of 
the seriousness of the violation and cannot reasonably be used to 
measure the gravity of the violation or the contractor's integrity and 
business ethics.
    Response: The E.O. explicitly instructs that ``the amount of 
damages incurred or fines or penalties assessed with regard to the 
violation'' be taken into account. Section 4(b)(i)(B)(1). The final DOL 
Guidance states that the thresholds are measured by the amount ``due'' 
instead of, as proposed, by the amount the enforcement agency 
``assessed.'' This means that if an enforcement agency consents to 
accept a reduced amount of either back wages or penalties for a 
violation, it is that lesser amount that will be used to determine 
seriousness. The Councils agree with DOL's determination that the 
``reduced amount'' will be considered when determining whether a 
violation is serious. However, reliance on a lesser amount will not 
apply if an employer files for bankruptcy and cannot pay the full 
amount, or simply refuses to pay such that the full penalty is never 
collected. In such cases, the original assessed amount is the amount 
due, and therefore should be used when evaluating seriousness. (See DOL 
Preamble, section-by-section analysis, Section III.A.1.b.ii, Preaward 
assessment and advice-Fines, penalties, and back wages.) Finally, the 
Councils note that the respondent's concern about ``reporting'' the 
initial amount is unfounded; the disclosure provision in FAR 22.2004-
2(b)(1)(i)(A)-(D) does not require contractors to disclose the amount 
of back wages assessed.
    Comment: A respondent requested that the definition of ``serious'' 
include not only violations affecting 25 percent or more of the 
workforce at the site of the violation, but also any violations 
affecting 25 workers or more. Another respondent recommended that the 
``25 percent'' threshold be lower to accurately reflect the impact that 
a serious violation may have on a workforce. By requiring that a full 
quarter of the workforce at any given worksite be affected by a 
violation in order for it to be considered ``serious,'' these 
respondents stated that the threshold would fail to capture many 
serious violations that affect a smaller number of employees.
    Response: As noted in the final DOL Guidance, DOL has declined to 
lower the threshold of affected workers from 25 percent. While any 
threshold will necessarily include some violations and exclude others, 
DOL believes that 25 percent is an appropriate benchmark for 
determining whether a violation affects a sufficient number of workers 
to be considered serious and thus warranting further review. DOL also 
has declined to add a threshold based on an absolute minimum number of 
workers; as DOL indicates, such a threshold would disproportionately 
affect larger employers. However, as to the 25 percent threshold, under 
the final DOL Guidance, this criterion has been narrowed so it applies 
only if there are at least 10 affected workers, thus avoiding 
triggering the 25 percent threshold when only a few workers are 
affected.
    While recognizing the concerns of employee advocates that certain 
violations may fall short of the threshold, DOL notes that these 
violations may meet other criteria for seriousness.
    Comment: One respondent requested that the definition of 
``serious'' include any litigation involving ``systemic'' labor law 
violations.
    Response: DOL determined not to expand the criterion of ``systemic 
discrimination'' to include other ``systemic'' labor law violations. 
``Systemic discrimination'' has a well-established meaning under anti-
discrimination laws and many widespread violations unrelated to 
discrimination will likely be classified as serious under other 
criteria in the DOL final Guidance. (See DOL Preamble, section-by-
section analysis, Section III.A.1.b.vii, Preaward assessment and 
advice-Pattern or practice of discrimination or systemic 
discrimination.)
    Comment: One respondent recommended revising the DOL Guidance with 
respect to findings that would ``support'' a conclusion that a 
contractor ``interfered'' with an agency's investigation for the 
purpose of determining whether a violation is serious under the E.O. 
The respondent asserted that: (1) The Guidance does not explain what it 
means by ``support'' such a finding; and (2) the Guidance would deprive 
contractors of rights to challenge scope of the agency's investigation.
    Response: DOL has removed the language indicating that the findings 
in a labor law decision must ``support a conclusion'' that a contractor 
engaged in certain activities. In its place, DOL has clarified that the 
relevant criteria for classifying a violation as serious, repeated, 
willful, and/or pervasive must be readily ascertainable from factual 
findings or legal conclusions of the labor law decision itself. This 
means that ALCAs should not second-guess or re-litigate enforcement 
actions or the decisions of reviewing officials, courts, and 
arbitrators. It also means that a contractor will not be deemed to have 
interfered with an investigation based on a minimal or arguable 
showing. While ALCAs and contracting officers may seek additional 
information from the enforcement agencies to provide context, they 
should rely only on the information contained in the labor law 
decisions themselves to determine whether violations are serious, 
repeated, willful, and/or pervasive.
    Additionally, the term ``interference,'' when used to determine 
whether a violation is serious, has been narrowed in the final DOL 
Guidance to include a more limited set of circumstances. While DOL 
views interference with investigations as serious because such behavior 
severely hinders enforcement agencies' ability to conduct 
investigations and correct violations of law, DOL also recognizes that 
employers may have good-faith disputes with agencies about the scope or 
propriety of a request for documents or access to the worksite, and has 
accordingly narrowed the definition of ``interference''. The Councils 
agree with DOL's determinations on these issues.
    Comment: A respondent proposed that the definition of ``serious'' 
violations should: (1) Include all workplace law violations that cause 
or contribute to the death and life-threatening injury of a worker; (2) 
clarify that the proposed dollar threshold for fines and penalties is 
cumulative across provisions violated and workers affected; and (3) 
stipulate that the 25 percent affected-worker threshold may be applied 
either to a single site of a company or on a cumulative basis across 
all of a company's worksites.

[[Page 58627]]

    Response: As noted in the final DOL Guidance, DOL adopted the 
respondent's three suggestions with regard to the definition of serious 
violations.
    Comment: One respondent suggested that the term ``worksite'' in the 
definition of ``serious'' was ambiguous when compared with the 
regulatory definition under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
Notification (WARN) Act, 29 U.S.C. 2101-09. See 20 CFR 639.1-10.
    Response: As noted in the DOL preamble, the definition of 
``worksite'' in the proposed Guidance, which is largely unchanged in 
the final Guidance, is already similar to the definition of ``single 
site of employment'' under WARN Act regulations. Both definitions 
provide that: (1) A worksite can be a single building or a group of 
buildings in one campus or office park, but that separate buildings 
that are not in close proximity are separate worksites; and (2) for 
workers who do not have a fixed worksite, their worksite is the site to 
which they are assigned as their home base, from which their work is 
assigned, or to which they report. See 80 FR 30583, 20 CFR 639.3(i). 
These similarities support the conclusion that the definition of 
worksite in the DOL Guidance is appropriate.
    Comment: One respondent recommended that DOL provide a more 
exhaustive definition of ``serious'' violations by:
    1. Reducing the percentage of a workforce a violation must affect 
to trigger the serious designation;
    2. Adding an alternative back wages threshold for wage and hour 
violations; and
    3. Specifying that the designation applies to any labor law 
violation that causes or contributes to death or serious injury, or 
involves physical assault; and clarifying that a violation need not 
arise from a class action to support a determination of engagement in a 
pattern or practice of discrimination or systemic discrimination.
    Response: DOL, in its final Guidance, declined to lower the 
threshold of affected workers from 25 percent. While any threshold will 
necessarily include some violations and exclude others, DOL believes 
that 25 percent is an appropriate benchmark for determining whether a 
violation affects a sufficient number of workers to be considered 
serious and thus warranting further review. Additionally, DOL declined 
to lower the back-wage threshold from $10,000 because it believes that 
this amount is appropriate.
    DOL has clarified in the final Guidance that the $10,000 threshold 
is cumulative; i.e., it can be satisfied by summing the back wages due 
to all affected employees. DOL believes that this will appropriately 
capture wage-and-hour violations that warrant additional scrutiny. 
Additionally, DOL, in its final Guidance, modified the definition of 
serious violations such that a violation of any labor law is serious 
when the violation causes or contributes to the death or serious injury 
of a worker. DOL has not, however, changed the Guidance to require that 
any case involving physical assault is a serious violation given that 
this term may include minor workplace altercations or interactions. 
Finally, DOL has clarified in the final Guidance that systemic 
discrimination is not limited to class actions.
iii. Repeated Violations
    Comment: Some respondents requested that the definition of 
``repeated'' include any violation of a law that happens five or more 
times in a three-year period.
    Response: DOL made a determination not to adopt this suggestion. As 
DOL's final Guidance indicates, this suggestion is inconsistent with 
the E.O.'s specific direction that a determination of a repeated 
violation be based on ``the same or a substantially similar 
requirement.'' However, DOL notes in its final Guidance that multiple 
violations that are not substantially similar to each other may be 
properly considered in an assessment of whether such violations 
constitute pervasive violations.
    Comment: One respondent proposed that the definition of ``repeated 
violation,'' which is in the new FAR 22.2002 and 52.222-59(a), include 
``the same or'' between the existing ``one or more additional labor 
violations of'' and ``substantially similar requirements.''
    The respondent rationalized that the phrase ``the same or'' is 
included in the DOL Guidance and would improve the brief definition of 
``repeated violation'' being proposed for the FAR.
    Response: The definition of ``repeated violation'' at FAR 22.2002 
is revised to reflect the terminology ``the same or a substantially 
similar.''
iv. Willful Violations
    Comment: A respondent proposed that the definition of a ``willful'' 
violation should be strengthened by allowing the reckless disregard or 
plain indifference standard of willfulness to apply to violations of 
all of the covered workplace laws--not just those for which no 
alternative statutory standard exists.
    Response: As explained in DOL's final Guidance, DOL has declined to 
adopt this suggestion. The purpose of listing specific standards for 
the five laws that already incorporate a concept of willfulness is to 
further the efficient implementation of the E.O. The DOL Guidance 
states that for labor laws with an existing willfulness framework, 
violations are only willful under the E.O. if the relevant labor law 
decision explicitly includes such a finding. This reflects DOL's 
reasoning that it is inappropriate for ALCAs to second-guess the 
decision that a violation was willful, when an existing willfulness 
framework exists.
v. Pervasive Violations
    Comment: One respondent expressed concern that the definition of 
``pervasive'' lacked sufficient clarity. The respondent indicated that 
DOL has only identified a vague category of factors to measure/define 
``pervasive'' which leave the contracting officers with no guidance or 
standards and thus leave it in the contracting officers' discretion to 
determine what is ``pervasive.''
    Response: In DOL's view, the definition of pervasive violations 
must be a flexible one. Notwithstanding the utility of the definitions 
of serious, repeated, and willful violations, violations falling within 
these classifications may still vary significantly in their gravity, 
impact, and scope. Thus, in DOL's view, it would not be reasonable to 
require a finding of ``pervasive'' violations based on a set number or 
combination of these violations. Similarly, DOL declined to adopt rigid 
criteria that would mandate, for example, that any company of a certain 
size with at least a certain designated number of serious, repeated, or 
willful violations would be deemed to have pervasive violations. The 
Councils agree with these determinations.
d. Considering Mitigating Factors in Weighing Violations
    Comment: One respondent commented that a contractor who has 
implemented a health and safety program must have in place more than 
just a ``paper program'' to be considered as having taken steps to 
mitigate past violations. The respondent requested that the definition 
of ``mitigate'' include the implementation of an effective compliance 
program and added that the contractor must have corrected the 
identified violations. The respondent also suggested that any 
contractor with

[[Page 58628]]

repeat or pervasive violations should not be considered to have 
implemented a sufficient program.
    Response: The Councils decline to adopt the suggested changes and 
DOL's final Guidance does not include any substantive changes to its 
discussion of mitigating factors. Concerns about ``paper'' compliance 
programs will be addressed through careful consideration of the 
totality of the circumstances--which may include the adequacy of a 
compliance program put forth as a mitigating factor. The Councils also 
decline to add a restriction that a contractor with repeated or 
pervasive OSHA violations may never be considered to have implemented a 
sufficient program or that such a program is required for mitigation. 
(See DOL Preamble, section-by-section analysis, Section III.B.1., 
Preaward assessment and advice--Mitigating factors that weigh in favor 
of a satisfactory record of Labor Law compliance.)
    Comment: A respondent expressed concerns that DOL's limitation of 
remediation to those cases where any affected workers are made whole 
has generated some confusion, as in many cases, employers will choose 
to settle alleged violations even though the settlement does not pay 
affected workers with the full amount of back pay and other relief 
originally sought by the agency. Additionally, the respondent suggested 
that the proposed Guidance places special emphasis on remediation 
measures that go beyond the scope of the applicable law, such as 
enhanced settlement agreements that address remediation on an 
enterprise-wide level. Respondent recommended that in settlement cases 
involving alleged violations, affected workers are made whole even if 
they do not get full amount of back pay and other relief originally 
sought by the agency. Additionally, the respondent asserted that the 
provisions should not require that remediation efforts exceed the law's 
requirement in order to receive ``full credit'' for remediation.
    Response: ALCAs are required to weigh, and contracting officers are 
required to consider, contractors' mitigating and remedial information 
in assessing contractors' disclosed labor law violations. ALCAs will 
not second-guess the remediation that has already been negotiated by 
enforcement agencies during a settlement agreement. A contractor's 
future-oriented measures that go beyond the minimum specifically 
required under the labor laws--whether voluntarily, through a 
settlement with an enforcement agency, or through a labor compliance 
agreement negotiated at the suggestion of an ALCA, are considered and 
contribute to a favorable finding regarding a contractor's record of 
labor law compliance. (See the DOL Guidance, section III.B.1.a. 
Mitigating factors that weigh in favor of a satisfactory record of 
Labor Law compliance, Remedial measures). This approach is consistent 
with the E.O.'s underlying goal of encouraging contractors to comply 
with labor laws while performing on Federal contracts.
    Comment: A respondent recommended the following be included in the 
category of mitigating factors related to safety and health programs or 
grievance procedures that is in the proposed Guidance: (1) 
Participation in OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs, as the program 
encourages employee involvement and continuous improvement, similar to 
those industry consensus standards cited in the proposal; and (2) the 
final Guidance include reference to the International Organization for 
Standardization (ISO) 45001, which is a voluntary consensus standard 
for occupational health and safety management systems that is currently 
under development.
    Response: ALCAs and contracting officers will take additional 
information about safety-and-health programs into consideration as part 
of their review of the totality of the circumstances. Employers who 
participate in such programs or have adopted safety and health 
management systems pursuant to recognized consensus standards are 
encouraged to include this information when they have an opportunity to 
provide relevant information, including regarding mitigating factors.
    Comment: A respondent recommended more emphasis on safety and 
health programs, including ensuring the contractor enforces its own 
program, especially if a contractor wants to use a safety and health 
program as a mitigating factor. The respondent attached a copy of an 
OSHA Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health checklist for 
contracting officers to evaluate a program.
    Response: The Councils thank the respondent for this information.
14. General and Miscellaneous Comments
a. Out of Scope of Proposed Rule
    Comment: One respondent indicated that Government employees 
carrying out the mandates of these regulations should receive 
conspicuous notice of whistleblower protection as contracting officers, 
ALCAs (who are housed in contracting agencies), and other DOL personnel 
may face retaliation for failing to approve contracts even when serious 
labor law violations exist. Another respondent said employees of 
contractors and subcontractors and Government officials should be 
notified of the prohibition against retaliation and they should have 
effective remedies should retaliation occur.
    Response: The E.O. does not provide for additional notifications of 
protection for whistleblowers. Whistleblower protection for contractor 
employees is already covered at FAR subpart 3.9. Whistleblower 
protection for Government employees is not covered in the FAR. The 
Councils note that contracting officers are given warrants; they are 
required to pay close attention to the requirements of law and are 
expected to be less susceptible to pressure than other Government 
employees. In addition, the Notification and Federal Employee 
Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 (known as the No Fear 
Act) requires that agencies provide annual notice to Federal employees, 
former Federal employees, and applicants for Federal employment of the 
rights and protections available under Federal antidiscrimination and 
whistleblower protection laws. Thus, no change to the final rule is 
warranted.
    Comment: One respondent indicated that the Occupational Safety and 
Health (OSH) Act does not apply where another Federal agency has 
prescribed or enforced occupational safety and health standards. Under 
the authority of the 2002 National Defense Authorization Act's 
amendments to the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), 42 U.S.C. 2282c, Congress 
directed the Department of Energy to promulgate and enforce 
occupational safety and health standards for contractors working on 
Federally-owned nuclear facilities and laboratories operated by private 
employers. The E.O. does not expressly list the AEA among the statutes. 
However, scores of contractors and subcontractors regularly perform 
construction and large-scale maintenance work on Department of Energy 
worksites, under the AEA. The rule should cover the AEA.
    Response: This is beyond the scope of the rule. The E.O.'s specific 
coverage did not include the AEA.
    Comment: One respondent urged the FAR Council, for procurements 
that involve work with hazardous chemicals and/or hazardous work 
practices, add provisions to FAR 9.104-1 to require contracting 
officers to review the content of prospective contractors' safety and 
health programs before making a determination of responsibility. Best 
practices developed

[[Page 58629]]

and published by industry in consensus standards and advocacy documents 
should be adopted by the FAR Council and placed in the final rule to 
aid contracting officers in evaluating prospective contractors' safety 
and health programs, especially when hazardous chemicals or hazardous 
work practices are involved.
    Response: This is beyond the scope of the rule. The E.O.'s specific 
coverage concerns labor law violations and not the preventative 
measures envisioned by the respondent. However, contracting officers 
have the authority and ability to investigate and affirm the 
responsibility of contractors whose performance might involve hazardous 
chemicals and/or hazardous work practices.
    Comment: One respondent indicated that the rule does not adequately 
address current DoD practices regarding business ethics. With respect 
to DoD contracts, this framework failed to acknowledge that the 
contractor purchasing system requirements already have clear 
requirements for the procurement of subcontract and supplier resources 
by DoD contractors.
    Response: This comment is specific to DoD, and beyond the scope of 
the FAR rule which is a Governmentwide rule.
b. Extension Request
    Comment: A number of respondents requested an extension beyond the 
initial 60 days. Some recommended that the FAR Council and DOL publish 
revised proposed rules in response to comments from affected persons, 
and delay implementation of any final rule until all affected persons 
have a meaningful opportunity to weigh in on all of the issues raised 
by the proposed rule and DOL Guidance.
    Response: Two extensions were granted. The first extended the 
comment due date from July 27, 2015, to August 11, 2015 (80 FR 40968, 
July 14, 2015). The second extended the comment period from August 11, 
2015, to August 26, 2015 (80 FR 46531, August 5, 2015).
    Comment: One respondent opposed an extension because the respondent 
stated the President did not have the authority to issue the 
regulations.
    Response: The President properly exercised his authority under 40 
U.S.C. 121 and issued the E.O. directing the FAR Council to issue this 
regulation.
c. Miscellaneous
    Comment: One respondent asserted that 41 U.S.C. 2313(g), part of 
the statute authorizing the FAPIIS database, should be used as the 
authority for the FAR rule, and that only some parts of the FAPIIS 
database need be publicly available.
    Response: By statute, information in the FAPIIS database must be 
publicly available, except for past performance information. (41 U.S.C. 
2313 Note).
    Comment: A respondent stated that labor law enforcement is not a 
function the Federal Government should directly or indirectly transfer 
to its prime contractors through the acquisition process, especially 
since law enforcement is an inherently governmental function.
    Response: As detailed in Section III.B.5 of this preamble, the 
Councils have adopted the alternative offered in the proposed rule for 
subcontractor disclosures whereby DOL assesses subcontractor 
violations. The contractor is still ultimately responsible for 
evaluating the subcontractor's compliance with labor laws as an element 
of responsibility. Determining subcontractor responsibility is not an 
inherently governmental function. There is no transfer of enforcement 
of the labor laws as a result of the rule; the rule provides 
information regarding compliance with labor laws to be considered 
during subcontract responsibility determinations and during subcontract 
performance.
    Comment: A respondent theorized that a subcontractor could 
structure its bid to be under the $500,000 threshold, forcing the 
contractor to staff a project with several low-cost subcontractors 
instead of one that could most efficiently perform the work.
    Response: Subcontractors are not forbidden from doing this. But for 
this to happen, multiple subcontractors would have to keep their bids 
under $500,000. Another subcontractor with an excellent labor law 
decision record might decide to bid over $500,000 and win more or all 
of the work. The intent of the E.O. is not to stifle competition, but 
to improve economy and efficiency by assuring that the Government 
contracts with responsible sources that will comply with labor laws; a 
subcontractor would be better off discussing its labor law decisions 
with DOL to try to improve its position. The Councils note that the 
E.O. exempts COTS subcontracts from the labor law decision disclosures 
(see FAR 52.222-58(b)).
    Comment: A respondent recommended that contractor costs for 
implementing the E.O. should be specifically addressed as being 
allowable and allocable in the final rule.
    Response: FAR cases do not normally revise FAR part 31 Cost 
Principles when new FAR coverage is added by the case. No revisions to 
the final rule are required.
    Comment: The SBA Office of Advocacy commented that small businesses 
are concerned about how this rule impacts mergers, acquisitions and 
teaming agreements. Another respondent pointed out that during the due 
diligence phase of the merger/acquisition, companies would have to go 
back through at least three years of labor records in order to ensure 
that they are not purchasing a company with any violations, or alleged 
violations, which could impact the company formed as a conclusion of 
that deal. The respondent presumed that companies would steer clear of 
merging with or acquiring any company with violations on their record 
that could come back to haunt them in the future, potentially missing 
out on valuable innovation and development coming from companies with 
previous labor law violations and hindering deals that would otherwise 
result in positive developments for all parties involved. Another 
respondent warned that companies may seek to disavow prior labor law 
violation liability that could impact their present responsibility per 
this rule by spinning off companies whose sole purpose is to own the 
violations.
    Response: Whichever legal entity is signing the contract is the one 
which discloses its own labor law decisions. The State law on 
corporations, not the FAR, will govern whether the legal entity signing 
the contract is the entity which owns a particular labor law violation.
    The legal entity that is the offeror does not include a parent 
corporation, a subsidiary corporation, or other affiliates (see 
definition of affiliates in FAR 2.101). A corporate division is part of 
the corporation. Consistent with current FAR practice, representation 
and disclosures do not apply to a parent corporation, subsidiary 
corporation, or other affiliates, unless a specific FAR provision 
(e.g., FAR 52.209-5) requires that additional information. Therefore, 
if XYZ Corporation is the legal entity whose name appears on the bid/
offer, covered labor law decisions concerning labor law violations by 
XYZ Corporation at any location where that legal entity operates would 
need to be disclosed. The fact that XYZ Corporation is a subsidiary of 
XXX Corporation and the immediate parent of YYY Corporation does not 
change the scope of the required disclosure. Only XYZ Corporation's 
violations must be disclosed.
    However, the Councils also note that the FAR does sometimes 
consider affiliates of an entity. Affiliates are defined in FAR 
2.101(b) as associated business concerns or individuals if,

[[Page 58630]]

directly or indirectly, (1) Either one controls or can control the 
other; or (2) A third party controls or can control both. Affiliates 
are considered, for example under small business size rules, under 
debarment and suspension, and sometimes under contracting officer 
responsibility considerations. See FAR 9.104-3(c), 9.406-3(b), and 
subpart 19.1. A final rule under FAR Case 2013-020, Information on 
Corporate Contractor Performance and Integrity, was published on March 
7, 2016 (81 FR 11988); it implemented section 852 of the NDAA for FY 
2013, giving more information for a contracting officer to consider 
about an immediate owner, predecessor, or subsidiary.
    Comment: Two respondents alleged that current staffing at the GAO 
is insufficient to manage the expected increase in the number of 
protests as a result of adverse or delayed responsibility 
determinations under this rule. Insufficient GAO resources would mean 
additional delays since a bid protest at the GAO automatically stays 
the performance of a contract.
    Response: Staffing at GAO, an agency in the legislative branch, is 
beyond the scope of the FAR rule, which covers executive branch 
agencies.
    Comment: A respondent theorized that there would be increased bid 
protests alleging favoritism, e.g., that a protester was passed over 
for a bid in place of an entity the protester believes has a similar 
record of labor law violations.
    Response: ``Being passed over for contract award'' describes a 
source selection evaluation. The labor law violation assessment is a 
matter of responsibility, which occurs separate from the evaluation.
    Comment: A respondent stated that the rule expands the grounds for 
a sustainable protest, including for reasons of de facto debarment 
resulting from a nonresponsibility determination, use of a competitor's 
alleged noncompliance for a competitive advantage, and many other 
potential scenarios.
    Response: One finding of nonresponsibility is not a de facto 
debarment, but multiple findings of nonresponsibility based on the same 
facts may constitute an improper de facto debarment. Contracting 
officers will work with ALCAs, and when appropriate, notify their 
agency suspending and debarring officials, using the procedures at FAR 
subpart 9.4 as the proper means of excluding a firm from Government 
contracting. Both ALCAs and the suspending and debarring officials will 
coordinate actions within an agency and across the Government, as a 
further protection. The contracting officer and the ALCA will each be 
exercising their own independent judgment in each case. The Councils do 
not see that the rule will expand the grounds for protests. The ALCA 
will be documenting his/her analysis and advice, and the contracting 
officer will be documenting how the ALCA analysis was considered. (See 
also discussion at Section III.B.1.b. above.)
    Comment: A respondent warned that a death spiral could occur for a 
contractor after a nonresponsibility determination from a single labor 
law ``violation'' in a single transactional process, and so bid 
protests could increase as a matter of company survival.
    Response: The E.O. states that, in most cases, a single violation 
will not lead to a finding of nonresponsibility.
    The intent of the E.O. is to improve efficiency by assuring 
contractors' compliance with labor laws while performing Federal 
contracts, not to decrease competition or increase bid protests. The 
DOL Guidance at section III.B.2.c. lists four examples of violations of 
particular gravity:

    Violations related to the death of an employee; violations 
involving a termination of employment for exercising a right 
protected under the Labor Laws; violations that detrimentally impact 
the working conditions of all or nearly all of the workforce at a 
worksite; and violations where the amount of back wages, penalties, 
and other damages awarded is greater than $100,000.

    Even a violation of particular gravity is not an automatic bar; the 
ALCA and contracting officer will consider mitigating factors and 
remedial measures (see FAR 22.2004-2(b)).
    Comment: Respondents alleged that the rule will open the way to 
many more bid protests. Even if a competitor would otherwise have no 
basis to challenge an award, publicly available information would 
provide them with a road map to protest. Information regarding any 
reported violation would be made available in FAPIIS. An unsuccessful 
offeror could raise as a challenge to the procurement decision the 
agency's failure to properly consider the responsibility of that 
awardee in light of the violation. Although the record of the ALCA and 
contracting officer's consideration of the matter would, in many 
instances, lead to the denial of this protest ground, this resolution 
could not be accomplished without completion of the full protest 
adjudication process--100 days at GAO and potentially longer if brought 
at the Court of Federal Claims.
    Response: It is undetermined whether and how much of an increase in 
bid protests will occur as a direct result of this rule. A long-
standing tenet of Federal procurement is that the responsibility 
determination is solely the contracting officer's duty and discretion. 
When reviewing a bid protest based on responsibility grounds, GAO gives 
great deference to a contracting officer's decision. Although some 
disclosed information associated with this rule will be made publicly 
available in FAPIIS, potential protesters will not have insight into 
how the ALCA assessed, and the contracting officer considered the labor 
law violation information, nor into how a contractor's record of labor 
law compliance factored into the contracting officer's overall 
responsibility determination, which considers the totality of 
circumstances for the particular procurement.
    Comment: Respondents noted that bid protests may result in long 
delays in the procurement process, and that protests at GAO may result 
in automatic stays.
    Response: While bid protests can cause delays in the procurement 
process, the Government considers them valuable in preserving fairness, 
integrity, and ethics in the procurement process.
    Comment: Respondents noted that small businesses can appeal 
nonresponsibility determinations at SBA. The contracting officer can 
only refer one matter at a time for a single acquisition to the SBA. 
Thus, if multiple small businesses are being considered for an award 
and such questions are raised, the SBA would be required to consider 
each of these matters in turn. In the interim, no award could issue for 
a period of at least 15 business days following receipt of a referral.
    Response: The Councils acknowledge that the Certificate of 
Competency process can add time to the procurement process.
    Comment: A respondent alleged that the rule would have broad impact 
on the construction industry, as few construction contracts are below 
the $500,000 threshold. The respondent indicated that the procedures 
will be an encumbrance on the procurement process, especially since 
violations on nonGovernment contracts are to be disclosed.
    Response: The Councils acknowledge that the E.O. was intended to 
have a broad scope. The final rule disclosures will have a phase-in 
threshold for solicitations and contracts of $50 million for October 
25, 2016, through April 24, 2017, dropping to $500,000 thereafter.

[[Page 58631]]

    Comment: A respondent stated that the responsibility process, 
already expanded by many other new preaward compliance checks aimed at 
tax delinquency, human trafficking, and counterfeit parts, just to name 
a few, will become its own distinct procurement process aimed at 
enforcing laws not related to contract performance, rather than a last 
due diligence step as prescribed by FAR part 9.
    Response: The responsibility process requires the contractor have a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics. See 9.104-1(d). 
The E.O. properly instructs contracting officers to consider whether a 
contractor's labor law compliance may affect its record of integrity 
and business ethics.
d. General Support for the Rule
    Comment: Many respondents expressed some support for the proposed 
rule. Among the numerous reasons cited were that: Federal contractors 
that commit labor law violations harm their workers and cost taxpayers 
money; the American people deserve to be assured that their Federal tax 
dollars are not being used to subsidize violations of the employment 
rights of workers, and that high-road employers are not placed at a 
competitive disadvantage; the E.O. and the proposed rules are critical 
to closing gaps in the Federal Government's system for ensuring that 
contractors that do business with the Federal Government abide by labor 
laws; and the fact that the proposed regulation and DOL's Guidance 
offer putative contractors compliance assistance shows that this is not 
a punitive ``blackballing'' system, but rather one aimed at proactively 
assisting contractors in improving and maintaining compliant labor 
policies and practices.
    Response: The Councils appreciate the support for the rule and E.O.
e. General Opposition to the Rule
    Comment: Many respondents expressed some opposition to the proposed 
rule. Some recommended withdrawal of the proposed rule. Among the 
comments and reasons cited were:

--The E.O., the proposed rule, and DOL Guidance fail to demonstrate an 
actual need for this new rule and process. The proposed rule 
acknowledges that ``the vast majority of Federal contractors play by 
the rules.'' As a result, the proposed rule and Guidance are a solution 
in search of a problem;
--The FAR Council has not adequately assessed the impacts or seriously 
examined the potential for unintended consequences and other harmful 
effects of this rule on the Government mission, the vendor community, 
and the Federal marketplace and costs to the taxpayer directly 
resulting from compliance with the new rule. The FAR Council should 
withdraw the proposed rule until it concludes that the benefits of the 
intended regulation justify the costs. Further study and analysis is 
needed to demonstrate that the E.O.'s goals are attainable, and whether 
they might be achieved through less-costly modifications to existing 
regulatory regimes;
--The E.O., FAR rule, and DOL Guidance violate statutes and/or the 
Constitution.
--The E.O. improperly usurps existing enforcement regimes at the 
expense of due process. The existing suspension and debarment 
structure, and the FAPIIS clauses, are sufficient to address the matter 
of unscrupulous contractors. The Office of Federal Contractor 
Compliance Programs already reviews contractors' compliance with 
affirmative action employment practices.
--The implementation of the rule as it relates to safety and health 
violations would add no constructive value to existing law and 
structures.

    Response: Noted. Many of these comments are described in more 
detail elsewhere in this Preamble (see Section III.B.1.) and in the DOL 
Preamble. The Councils are implementing the E.O.

IV. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    A. Executive Orders (E.O.s) 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to 
assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, 
if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that 
maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, 
public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). 
E.O. 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting 
flexibility. This is a significant regulatory action and, therefore, 
was subject to review under Section 6(b) of E.O. 12866, Regulatory 
Planning and Review, dated September 30, 1993. This rule is a major 
rule under 5 U.S.C. 804.
    B. A Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) that includes a detailed 
discussion and explanation about the assumptions and methodology used 
to estimate the cost of this regulatory action is available at https://www.regulations.gov/. A summary of the RIA follows.
    The RIA was developed as a joint product by DoD, GSA, and NASA 
along with DOL in its capacity as the lead program agency for 
implementing this Executive Order. Many of the estimates and much of 
the supporting analysis were developed in cooperation with DOL and rely 
to a significant extent on input provided by DOL. The RIA contains 
comprehensive discussion of the many public comments received and was 
revised as a result of careful consideration of public comment to 
better reflect estimates of burden and cost associated with this 
regulatory approach. The final RIA was adjusted in the following areas 
following careful consideration of public comments--(1) stratification 
of the contractor and subcontractor population when estimating costs 
for key compliance areas (e.g., reporting and disclosure, semiannual 
updates) to reflect the size of contractors most impacted by this rule, 
(2) increase of burden hours for familiarization with the regulation, 
(3) adjustment to the labor burden hours for compliance, (4) inclusion 
of tracking mechanism costs (e.g., software upgrades to include this 
compliance functionality), and (5) recognition of contractor and 
subcontractor overhead associated with this rule. Quantified cost 
estimates are presented where feasible and presented in a qualitative 
manner when not feasible. The analysis covers 10 years to ensure it 
captures the key benefits and costs of this regulatory action and 
considers the phase in periods of the disclosure and paycheck 
transparency requirements.
    The RIA presents a subject-by-subject analysis of the benefits and 
costs of the final rule, followed by a summary of these benefits and 
costs, including the total benefits and costs over the 10-year period 
of analysis. The subject-by-subject analysis sections of the RIA 
provide comprehensive and detailed discussion of the estimating 
methodologies used.
Number of Prime Contract Awards and Unique Contractors
    In estimating the number of contract awards over $500,000 subject 
to the rule, three years of FPDS data, from FY2012 to FY2014, was 
utilized to arrive at an estimate of 26,757 prime contract awards per 
fiscal year. The estimating methodology for prime contractors and 
subcontractors was revised. The most significant revision in 
methodology was in aligning the population of affected contractors with 
the legal entity making the offer, which is the scope of the reporting 
burden. The

[[Page 58632]]

final rule uses Tax Identification Numbers (TIN), rather than the DUNS 
number, to identify unique prime contractors that will be impacted by 
this rule. The unique subcontractor population was determined using a 
methodology that assumes the subcontractor population is a factor of 
the unique prime contractor population. Again taking an average over 
the three fiscal years, the agencies estimate that there are on average 
13,866 unique contractors who receive awards valued at or over $500,000 
each fiscal year.
Number of Subcontract Awards and Unique Subcontractors
    The unique subcontractor population was determined using a 
methodology that assumes the subcontractor population is a factor of 
the unique prime contractor population. Specifically, that each unique 
prime contractor has three subcontractors with awards valued at or over 
$500,000 (across all tiers) with further adjustments, for example, for 
duplication of subcontractors who also perform as prime contractors. 
The number of unique subcontractors subject to the rule is estimated at 
10,317. It was assumed that, on average, subcontractors receive four 
awards valued at or above $500,000 each year for an average 41,268 
subcontract awards subject to the rule.
Adjusting the Annual Number of Unique Contractors and Subcontractors 
for Repeat Recipients of Awards
    The analysis identifies, for years 2 through 10, what share of 
affected contractors and subcontractors would likely receive an award 
for the first time under the new requirements. This was done in order 
to eliminate double counting certain burdens, such as regulatory 
familiarization costs.
Hourly Compensation Rates
    For Federal employees, the agencies are using the mid-range of the 
GS-13, GS-14, and GS-15 wage rates from the GS salary table adjusted 
for the locality pay area of Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia. 
For private sector employees, a source which more closely reflects 
private sector compensation is used: Median wage rates from the Bureau 
of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program. 
The agencies adjusted these wage rates using a loaded wage factor to 
reflect total compensation, which includes health insurance and 
retirement benefits. The loaded wage factor for private sector 
employees is 1.44, and the loaded wage factor for federal employees is 
1.63. (See RIA Exhibit 2: Calculation of Hourly Compensation Rates).
    The final RIA contains a lengthy qualitative discussion that 
considers inclusion of overhead and how overhead has been treated in a 
number of recent regulatory actions. The RIA, in footnote 21, applies a 
17% overhead rate, which is a rate utilized by EPA in recent rules, as 
example to demonstrate the affect overhead might have on the estimate 
for this regulatory action.
Time To Review the Final Rule
    The RIA recognizes that eight hours would not be sufficient for a 
large contractor to review and understand the rule. The agencies also 
recognize that some large and small employers without in-house labor 
law expertise would need participation and advice from a labor 
attorney, as stated in the public comments. Therefore, the estimate for 
the amount of time it will take employers to become familiar with the 
rule has been revised accordingly. Based in part on FPDS data, the 
signatory agencies and DOL estimate that 55 percent of federal 
contractors are small businesses that would need 8 hours by a general 
manager and 4 hours by a labor attorney, while 45 percent of federal 
contractors that are not small businesses would need 14 hours by a 
general manager and 8 hours by a labor attorney.
Costs of the Disclosure Requirements
Cost Methodology
    To determine the impact of the disclosure requirements the 
following steps were taken:
    1. Estimate the population of affected contractors and 
subcontractors.
    2. Estimate the number of initial responses disclosing information 
related to labor law violations, and supporting documentation.
    3. Estimate the number of hours and the associated costs of 
completing those responses.
    4. Estimate the number of workers who would receive status notices, 
along with the number of hours and the associated costs of completing 
the recurring status notices.
    5. Estimate the cost of producing and disseminating required wage 
statements.
    6. Consider the potential cost of increased litigation due to the 
E.O.'s provision prohibiting certain contractors from requiring their 
workers to sign mandatory-arbitration agreements.
    The estimated representation costs include the time and effort it 
will take federal contractors and subcontractors to search for relevant 
documents, review and approve the release of the information, and 
disclose the information. The estimates assume that not all efforts 
(e.g., retrieving and keeping records) are attributed solely to the 
purpose of complying with the disclosure requirements of the Order; 
only those actions that are not customary to normal business operations 
are attributed to this estimate.
Population of Contractors and Subcontractors With Labor and Employment 
Violations
    The estimating methodology for the percent of likely violators has 
been revised to use a randomly selected statistically representative 
sample of 400 Federal contractors with at least one award over $500,000 
from FY 2013 FPDS. The estimated percent of Federal contractors and 
subcontractors that will have labor law decisions subject to disclosure 
has been revised from 4.05 percent in the proposed RIA to 9.67 percent 
in the final RIA.
Cost of Contractor and Subcontractor Representation Regarding 
Compliance With Labor Laws
    The amount of time required for personnel to research files 
containing compliance and litigation history information, determine 
whether to report that it has or has not had a covered violation at the 
initial representation stage, and to identify any additional 
information that may be submitted if in fact it has a covered violation 
will vary depending on the complexity of any given case. In some 
instances, where the violation history of a particular case is more 
elaborate, compiling supporting documentation to demonstrate mitigating 
factors may require significant resources and time. In other cases, 
where one violation or a few violations are reported or where there is 
little to no supporting information to show mitigating factors, this 
step could take virtually no time. The estimate assumes 25 hours are 
required for the first time a contractor or subcontractor conducts a 
full reporting period response and 4 hours for subsequent responses.
Cost of Contractor Review of Subcontractor Information
    The analysis expects that prime contractors will incur costs for 
reviewing the information submitted by prospective subcontractors. 
Where a prospective subcontractor responded that it has a covered 
violation and DOL requests additional information, DOL will review 
materials submitted by the subcontractor and notify the contractor of 
DOL's recommendation. An

[[Page 58633]]

estimated 80 percent of prospective subcontractors with violations will 
agree with DOL's recommendation, so it is estimated that prime 
contractors will only expend about 30 minutes to review DOL's 
recommendation. For the other 20 percent of prospective subcontractors 
with violations, if a prospective subcontractor does not agree with 
DOL's recommendation and requests review by a prime contractor or if 
DOL has not completed its review within three days, then the prime 
contractor will expend an estimated 31.0 hours to consider the 
information submitted by a prospective subcontractor. Therefore, the 
weighted average time for prime contractors to review information 
submitted by prospective subcontractors with violations is estimated to 
be 6.6 hours (= 80% x 0.5 hours + 20% x 31.0 hours).
Cost of Semiannual Updates Regarding Compliance With Labor Laws
    In determining whether updated information needs to be provided, 
the estimate recognizes that identifying information at this stage 
would be part of an established process and is for a greatly reduced 
timeframe (i.e., six months or less versus 36 months for the initial 
representation), therefore 4 hours is estimated for a management level 
employee. It is estimated that the task of input and transmission of 
the updated information identified will take a legal support worker 2 
hours.
    Lastly, contractors may need or want to review and analyze the 
updated information submitted by subcontractors to determine whether 
any additional action is warranted. The estimate considers that 80 
percent of subcontractors with violations will agree with DOL's 
recommendation, so prime contractors will only expend about 30 minutes 
to review DOL's recommendation. For the other 20 percent of 
subcontractors with violations, if a subcontractor does not agree with 
DOL's recommendation and requests review by a prime contractor or if 
DOL has not completed its review within three days, then the prime 
contractor will expend an estimated 3.6 hours to consider the updated 
information submitted by a subcontractor. The 3.6 hour estimate is 
derived from the estimated 2 hours that is used in the Government Costs 
section to estimate contracting agency evaluations of prospective 
contractor information, with an upward adjustment to account for added 
reporting when contractors decide to continue the subcontracts of 
subcontractors after having been informed that the subcontractor has 
not entered into a labor compliance agreement within a reasonable 
period or is not meeting the terms of the agreement. Therefore, the 
estimated time for a manager to review the updated information provided 
by a subcontractor is 1.12 hours (= 80% x 0.5 hour + 20% x 3.6 hours).
Cost of Developing and Maintaining a System for Tracking Violations
    The final rule acknowledges that some contractors may choose to 
utilize tracking mechanisms in order to more easily: (1) Identify labor 
violations; (2) determine which violations are reportable; (3) disclose 
information to the contracting officer when a responsibility 
determination is being made; (4) provide to the contracting officer 
additional information to demonstrate responsibility; and (5) provide 
required semi-annual updates. A tracking system could be a mechanism 
such as software, added functionality to an existing system, or 
establishing a new system. Regardless of whether a contractor has had 
labor violations or is likely to have any in the future the analysis 
recognizes that prudent contractors and subcontractors may establish a 
tracking mechanism with the appropriate depth and breadth that, in 
their business judgment, is necessary to demonstrate compliance.
Startup Costs
    The analysis stratifies contractors by organizational complexity 
level relative to company size small, medium, large, and the top one 
percent of federal contractors. FPDS categorizes businesses as either 
``small'' or ``other than small.'' As already discussed, analysis 
estimates that 55 percent of Federal contractors are small businesses. 
Within the ``other than small'' category, there are varying 
organizational sizes and complexities, therefore, for purposes of this 
estimate, the agencies have attributed 35 percent of other than small 
businesses in FPDS to medium organizations, and 10 percent to large 
businesses, further breaking out the top one percent representing the 
very largest businesses. Subcontractors were not stratified by 
organizational complexity because Federal procurement data do not 
include information about subcontractor size; therefore, the total 
subcontractor estimate remains 10,317.
    Illustrative estimates of system development costs for contractors 
within the four complexity categories are presented. The cost estimates 
reflect the tasks associated with identifying the requirements for a 
tracking system, developing the system, giving access to the system, 
and providing training on the system.
Maintenance Costs
    Once tracking systems are in place, ongoing maintenance costs may 
accrue. To account for these maintenance costs, the analysis considered 
a range from 10 percent to 20 percent of the initial cost of 
establishing the tracking system. The estimate of annual maintenance 
costs is based on the size of the organization, with smaller 
contractors incurring higher costs as a percentage of their initial 
system costs. The annual maintenance costs are estimated as follows: 20 
percent of startup costs for small contractors; 15 percent of startup 
costs for medium-sized contractors; 10 percent of startup costs for 
large contractors; 10 percent of startup costs for the very largest 
contractors; and 15 percent of startup costs for subcontractors.
Sensitivity Analysis
    The cost estimates for tracking systems are the function of 
primarily two assumptions: (1) The type of system each firm size 
category will need to develop, and (2) the average cost to develop a 
given tracking system. A sensitivity analysis presents what the 
estimated total tracking system costs would be if these two assumptions 
were altered (see RIA Exhibits 6 and 7).
Government Costs
    The analysis includes estimates for five categories of costs to the 
federal government directly related to the implementation of the Order: 
(1) New staff at DOL; (2) new Agency Labor Compliance Advisors (ALCAs) 
at other federal agencies; (3) contracting agency evaluation costs; (4) 
information technology costs to support implementation of the Order; 
and (5) government personnel training costs.
Costs of the Paycheck Transparency Provision
Cost Methodology
    The final rule's paycheck transparency clause contain a requirement 
for contractors and subcontractors to provide two documents to workers 
on such contracts for whom they are required to maintain wage records 
under the FLSA, the DBA, the SCA, or equivalent state laws. First, 
contractors and subcontractors will provide a notice to each worker 
whom they treat as an independent contractor informing the worker of 
his/her independent contractor status. Second, contractors and 
subcontractors will provide a wage statement to each worker in each pay 
period. The wage

[[Page 58634]]

statement need not contain a record of hours worked if the contractor 
or subcontractor has informed the worker that he/she is exempt from the 
FLSA's overtime requirements, so contractors and subcontractors may 
elect to provide additional notices to their exempt employees informing 
them of their FLSA exempt status. The analysis of costs for the 
paycheck transparency requirements include estimates for--
     Number of Independent Contractor Status Notices.
     Number of FLSA Status Notices.
     Total Number of Status Notices.
     Cost of Implementation of Status Notices.
     Cost of Status Notices in Year One.
     Cost of Recurring Status Notices.
     Generation and Distribution of Wage Statements.
Total Quantifiable Costs
    Exhibit 8, which is reproduced below, presents a summary of the 
first-year, second-year, and annualized quantifiable costs final rule 
disclosure and paycheck transparency requirements to contractors and 
subcontractors, as well as the estimated government costs. Exhibit 8 
includes both the first-year and second-year impacts because the Final 
Rule's requirement for contractors and subcontractors to report labor 
law violations will be phased in over three years.

                                                        Exhibit 8--Summary of Quantifiable Costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                              Annualized costs
                                                      Entity affected          Monetized year 1   Monetized year 2 -------------------------------------
                                                                                    costs              costs          3% Discounting     7% Discounting
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time to Review the Order....................  Contractors and Subcontractors       $126,918,776        $76,912,778        $57,154,219        $59,743,450
Offeror Initial Representation..............  Contractors...................         25,046,077         63,945,154         59,460,088         59,187,405
                                              Subcontractors................                  0         86,105,338         70,900,398         69,982,912
Offeror Additional Information..............  Contractors...................             17,921            130,666            233,556            226,447
                                              Subcontractors................                  0            201,529            357,073            345,577
Contractor Review of Subcontractor            Contractors...................                  0          1,268,066          2,352,118          2,275,288
 Information.
Update Determination........................  Contractors...................                  0          2,026,028          6,237,564          5,905,436
                                              Subcontractors................                  0                  0          4,145,008          3,867,284
Providing Additional Information............  Contractors...................                  0              8,146             25,105             23,768
                                              Subcontractors................                  0                  0             16,684             15,566
Contractor Considers Subcontractors' Updated  Contractors...................                  0                  0             18,705             17,452
 Information.
Tracking System Costs.......................  Contractors and Subcontractors        291,052,560        172,493,936        187,486,027        189,038,901
Status Notice Implementation................  Contractors and Subcontractors          1,569,801                  0            178,669            208,883
Issuing First and Recurring Status Notices..  Contractors and Subcontractors          2,388,669          1,283,828          1,409,577          1,430,842
Update of Payroll Systems...................  Contractors and Subcontractors          5,079,547          3,078,206          2,287,428          2,391,054
Wage Statement Distribution.................  Contractors and Subcontractors          6,279,598          6,279,598          6,279,598          6,279,598
                                                                             ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total Employer Costs....................  ..............................        458,352,949        413,733,272        398,541,816        400,939,861
    Government Costs........................  ..............................         15,772,150         10,129,299         10,944,157         11,091,474
    Total Costs (Employer + Government).....  ..............................        474,075,099        423,862,572        409,535,973        412,031,335
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    See RIA Exhibit 9, Summary of Monetized Costs, for a summary of the 
cost analysis of the final rule. The monetized costs displayed are the 
yearly summations of the calculations already described.
Cost of Complaint and Dispute Transparency Provision
    The final rule contains a clause that prohibits contractors and 
subcontractors with Federal contracts exceeding $1 million from 
requiring employees to arbitrate certain discrimination and harassment 
claims. Specifically, the Order provides that the decision to arbitrate 
claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and sexual 
harassment or sexual assault tort claims may only be made with the 
voluntary consent of the employee or independent contractor after such 
a dispute arises. The analysis presents a discussion of the impacts of 
this prohibition in terms of a presumption that as a result of this 
provision more workers will seek to litigate such claims in court as 
opposed to raising them through arbitration. A quantified analysis was 
not feasible as the agencies were unable to obtain empirical data that 
would allow them to quantify the provision's overall cost because the 
potential increase in the number of claimants that would elect to go to 
trial as a result of this prohibition is unknown.
Benefits, Transfer Impacts, and Accompanying Costs of Disclosing Labor 
Law Violations
    In the final analysis, as in the proposed analysis, there were 
insufficient data to accurately quantify the benefits presented. The 
agencies invited respondents to provide data that would allow for more 
thorough benefit estimations, however no data were received that could 
be used to quantify the benefits of the final rule. The agencies have 
extensively discussed the benefits and showed relevant peer-reviewed 
studies and other published reports that often quantitatively 
demonstrate that fair pay and safe workplaces would lead to improved 
contractor performance, fewer injuries

[[Page 58635]]

and fatalities, reduced employment discrimination, less absenteeism, 
and higher productivity at work. Extensive discussion is presented on 
the following--
 Improved Contractor Performance
 Safer Workplaces
 Reduced Employment Discrimination
 Fairer Wages
 Enforcement Cost Savings and Transfer Impacts for the 
Government, Contractors, and Society
 Transfer Impacts of the Paycheck Transparency Provision
 Non-Quantified Impacts of the Paycheck Transparency Provision
 Benefits and Transfer Impacts of Complaint and Dispute 
Transparency Provision
Discussion of Regulatory Alternatives
    The E.O. and the Final Rule are designed to reduce the likelihood 
that taxpayers will be subject to poor performance on Federal contracts 
and preventing taxpayer dollars from rewarding corporations that break 
the law. A series of alternative regulatory approaches were examined 
including--
    1. Require contracting officers to consider prospective 
contractors' labor compliance without the assistance of ALCAs, and 
without disclosure by contractors of their labor law decisions. This 
alternative was rejected because the E.O. provided for contractor 
disclosure and for ALCAs to assist contracting officers because these 
tools are deemed necessary for contracting officers to effectively 
consider a prospective contractor's labor compliance. Without timely 
disclosures or the support and expert advice of ALCAs, it is 
unrealistic to expect a consistent approach to the assessment of labor 
violation information provided to contracting officers for their 
consideration during responsibility determinations and during contract 
performance.
    2. Remove the requirement that prospective contractors disclose 
their labor violations while leaving the rest of the final rule 
implementation of the E.O. intact. This could be an attractive 
alternative if a contracting agency's ALCA had access to a database 
that would provide all of a prospective contractor's labor law 
decisions as required by the E.O. and implementing regulation. However 
even if a current system had efficient access to all enforcement agency 
information, e.g. administrative merits determinations, and all 
publicly available information, it would still not have access to all 
labor law decisions required by the E.O. and implementing regulation, 
e.g., privately conducted arbitration decisions and all civil 
judgments. OMB, GSA, and other Federal agencies are working on systems 
that will improve the availability of relevant data in the longer term, 
however for implementation of the final rule, this alternative has been 
rejected.
    3. Require all contractors for which a responsibility determination 
is undertaken to provide the following nine categories of information 
regarding their labor violations:
    a. The labor law that was violated;
    b. The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number;
    c. The date that the determination, judgment, award, or decision 
was rendered;
    d. The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission that rendered it;
    e. The name of the case, arbitration, or proceeding, if applicable;
    f. The street address of the worksite where the violation took 
place (or if the violation took place in multiple worksites, then the 
address of each worksite);
    g. Whether the proceeding was ongoing or closed;
    h. Whether there was a settlement, compliance, or remediation 
agreement related to the violation; and
    i. The amount(s) of any penalties or fines assessed and any back 
wages due as a result of the violation.
    This approach would make the process of considering labor 
violations more efficient from the perspective of contracting agencies 
because more information would immediately be available to ALCAs and 
contracting officers without the necessity of gathering it. However, it 
was rejected in favor of a narrowed list of four data elements of 
information in order to reduce the burden on contractors while still 
providing the minimally necessary information to achieve the desired 
regulatory outcome.
    4. Another alternative would be to have all prospective contractors 
bidding on contracts valued at greater than $500,000--not just those 
for which a contracting officer undertakes a responsibility 
determination--disclose the information. This alternative was rejected 
because it would increase the burden on contractors and it was 
determined that the approach taken in the final rule of a more narrowly 
tailored requirement would retain the rule's effectiveness relative to 
the objectives of the E.O. while minimizing the burden on contractors.
    5. With regard to the Order's and Final Rule's provisions regarding 
subcontractors, one alternative would be to simply exempt 
subcontractors from any obligations under the Order and focus only on 
prime contractors' records of labor compliance. This alternative would 
eliminate any burden on subcontractors. It would also reduce the burden 
on contractors associated with evaluating their prospective 
subcontractors' labor compliance histories. This alternative was 
rejected because contractors are already required to evaluate their 
prospective subcontractors' integrity and business ethics, when 
determining subcontractor responsibility and disregarding 
subcontractors' labor compliance in making that determination would 
undermine the core objective of the E.O.
    6. Similarly, the Order's requirements could be limited to first-
tier subcontractors. This alternative was rejected because similar to 
the previous alternative, this alternative would also undermine the 
core goals of the E.O., given that a significant portion of the work on 
Federal contracts is performed by subcontractors below the first tier.

V. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    DoD, GSA, and NASA have prepared a Final Regulatory Flexibility 
Analysis (FRFA) consistent with the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 
U.S.C. 601, et seq. The FRFA is summarized as follows--
    The final regulatory flexibility analysis contains six discrete 
types of information, consistent with 5 U.S.C. 604. The FRFA coverage 
of these elements is summarized below.
    1. Rule objectives. The FRFA summarizes E.O. 13673's requirement 
for the FAR Council to develop Fair Pay and Safe Workplace regulations, 
identifies the objective of promoting economy and efficient in 
procurement by awarding contracts to contractors that comply with labor 
laws; and provides an overview of the final rule's main requirements.
    2. Significant IRFA issues raised by the public. The FRFA 
identifies six issues that the public raised as shortcomings with the 
IRFA--
     The Government did not articulate a rational basis for the 
rule promulgation,
     The Government did not sufficiently explore alternatives 
to the rule,
     The rule conflicts with suspension and debarment 
procedures,
     The applicability threshold will not help minimize impact 
to small businesses,
     The compliance burden on small businesses was not 
addressed in relevant terms, and
     The data source for subcontractors was problematic.

[[Page 58636]]

    The FRFA includes the Government's assessment of each issue and 
identifies an associated disposition.
    3. Disposition of comments from the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of 
the Small Business Administration (SBA). The FRFA identifies 14 
comments raised by the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration. Specifically, the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the 
SBA's comments reflected concerns about DOL Guidance, the proposed FAR 
rule, and the associated burden estimate, including: (1) Calculation of 
small business entities, (2) increased costs of compliance, (3) burdens 
of the disclosure process, (4) impact on small business subcontractors, 
(5) handling by primes of subcontractor proprietary information, (6) 
insufficient processing time for ALCAs to assess information, (7) 
inability to track subcontractor law violations, (8) lack of clarity on 
the rule's impact to the Certificate of Competency process, (9) 
underestimate of affected entities, (10) underestimate of public cost, 
(11) non-inclusion of all RIA costs in the IRFA, (12) lack of using the 
rulemaking process to publish the DOL Guidance, (13) lack of due 
process in disclosing a violation before final adjudication, and (14) 
negative impact on mergers, acquisitions, and teaming agreements. The 
FRFA includes the Government's assessment of each issue and identifies 
an associated disposition.
    4. Impact to small entities. The FRFA estimates that 17,943 small 
businesses (7,626 prime contractors and 10,317 subcontractors) will be 
impacted by the rule's requirements, noting that this rule will impact 
all small entities who propose as contractors or subcontractors on 
solicitations and resultant contracts estimated to exceed $500,000. The 
number of impacted small entities is derived by estimating a total of 
24,183 impacted contractors (13,866 prime contractors and 10,317 
subcontractors), then deducing the number of impacted small businesses 
(7,626 prime contractors and 10,317 subcontractors). The RIA section A, 
Contractor and Subcontractor Populations, provides detailed 
information.
    5. Estimated compliance requirements. The FRFA reviews the 
reporting and disclosure requirements of two FAR provisions, 52.222-57, 
Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673) and 52.222-58, Subcontractor Responsibility Regarding Compliance 
with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673). It also reviews the compliance 
requirements of associated clauses. The FRFA includes an Exhibit from 
the RIA that outlines overall employer costs of $458,352,949, in year 
one, which account for 12 compliance activities (review the E.O., make 
an initial representation, provide additional information, review 
subcontractor information, update the determination, provide Additional 
Information, consider subcontractors' updated Information, establish a 
tracking system, implement a status notice, issue status notices, 
update payroll systems, and distribute wage statements). The FRFA notes 
that Exhibit 8 is a summary of overall costs; not those specific to 
small businesses.
    6. Steps to minimize impact on small entities. The FRFA indicates 
that the Councils have taken several actions to minimize burden for 
contractors and subcontractors, small and large, in response to the 
public comments and those of SBA's Office of Advocacy. Among the steps 
taken are:
     The disclosure reporting period is phased in to provide 
the time affected parties may need to familiarize themselves with the 
rule, set up internal protocols, and create or modify internal 
databases.
     Subcontractor disclosure of labor law decisions (the 
decisions, mitigating factors and remedial measures) is made directly 
to DOL for review and assessment instead of to the prime contractor.
     Public disclosure is limited to four basic pieces of labor 
law decision information; the final rule does not compel public 
disclosure of additional documents demonstrating mitigating factors, 
remedial measures, and other compliance steps.
     The availability and consideration of existing remedies, 
such as documenting noncompliance in past performance, over more severe 
remedies (e.g., termination) is emphasized; and early engagement with 
DOL is encouraged.
    The FRFA also identifies other significant alternatives to the rule 
that were considered, which affect the impact on small entities, and 
why each was rejected.
    Interested parties may obtain a copy of the FRFA from the 
Regulatory Secretariat. The Regulatory Secretariat has submitted a copy 
of the FRFA to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration.

VI. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35) applies. The 
rule contains information collection requirements. OMB has cleared this 
information collection requirement under OMB Control Number 9000-0195, 
titled: Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces. The PRA supporting statement is 
summarized as follows--
    The PRA supporting statement provides a description of the 
requirements of the rule that contain information collection 
requirements and indicates that they are contained in two solicitation 
provisions and two contract clauses.
     Provision 52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance 
with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673) (which is repeated at 
paragraph(s) of 52.212-3 Offeror Representations and Certifications--
Commercial Items).
     Provision 52.222-58, Subcontractor Responsibility Matters 
Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).
     Clause 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive 
Order 13673).
     Clause 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 
13673).
    The PRA supporting statement contains a discussion of the public 
comments submitted to the proposed rule information collection analysis 
and supporting statement. Respondents submitted public comments on 
various aspects of the estimates in the proposed rule PRA supporting 
statement and were critical of estimating methods used and expressed 
that many cost elements were missing from the estimates or were 
(sometimes significantly) underestimated. The cost elements addressed 
in the public comments with respect to the PRA included: (1) Regulatory 
familiarization, (2) recordkeeping, and (3) burden hours.
    The public comments were carefully considered in developing the 
estimates for the final rule supporting statement. The supporting 
statement estimates were prepared in coordination with, and relied 
heavily on, the final Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The RIA is a 
joint FAR Council and DOL product with substantial analysis provided by 
DOL in its capacity as a program agency and advisor to the FAR Council 
on labor matters.
    As a result of the consideration of public comments adjustments 
were made to reflect the following (note that the table numbers cited 
in this summary correlate to the table numbers appearing in the PRA 
supporting statement)--
    (1) Regulatory familiarization--Larger and more complex 
organizational structures will require more hours and the time of an 
attorney is warranted. Therefore the estimate for regulatory review and 
familiarization has been significantly increased in the final rule. See 
Table 7 for initial costs and Table 5 for annual regulatory review 
costs that

[[Page 58637]]

will be incurred for new entrants in subsequent years.
    (2) Recordkeeping--Contractors and subcontractors may establish new 
internal control systems or modify existing systems in order to track 
and report labor law decisions and related information and to manage 
and track subcontractor compliance with the disclosure requirements. 
Estimates have been included for initial startup and annual maintenance 
costs for tracking mechanisms. The estimates took into consideration 
that for those contractors with the least complicated organizational 
structures, a commercial software program may suffice, for others 
revising existing systems or building additional functionality and 
capability into existing systems may suffice, and yet for others 
development of a web-based compliance system may be necessary. The 
estimates considered a stratification of contractors by organizational 
complexity. See Table 8 for nonrecurring initial start-up costs and 
Table 4 for recurring annual maintenance costs.
    (3) Burden hours--The comments on the calculations of burden hours 
reflected concerns with the estimates of (i) Population of affected 
contractors; (ii) percentage of those contractors estimated to be 
violators; (iii) omission of overhead in the estimates of labor burden; 
and (iv) underestimating the hours needed to accomplish required tasks.
    (i) Population of affected contractors--The estimating methodology 
for prime contractors and subcontractors was revised. The most 
significant revision in methodology was in aligning the population of 
affected contractors with the legal entity making the offer, which is 
the scope of the reporting burden. The final rule uses Tax 
Identification Numbers (TIN), rather than the DUNS number, to identify 
unique prime contractors that will be impacted by this rule. The unique 
subcontractor population was determined using a methodology that 
assumes the subcontractor population is a factor of the unique prime 
contractor population.
    (ii) Percentage of contractors estimated to be violators--
    The estimating methodology has been revised to use a randomly 
selected statistically representative sample of 400 Federal contractors 
with at least one award over $500,000 from FY 2013 FPDS. A detailed 
description of the methodology can be found in the RIA, section D.2. 
Population of Contractors and Subcontractors with Labor and Employment 
Violations. The estimated percent of Federal contractors and 
subcontractors that will have labor law decisions subject to disclosure 
has been revised from 4.05 percent in the proposed RIA to 9.67 percent 
in the final RIA. A detailed description of the methodology is found in 
the RIA, section A. Contractor and Subcontractor Populations.
    (iii) Overhead as a component of labor burden--While overhead 
impacts exist, they are difficult to effectively quantify for this 
regulatory action. The final RIA contains a lengthy discussion that 
considers inclusion of overhead and how overhead has been included in a 
number of recent regulatory actions, see section B. Hourly Compensation 
Rates. The RIA, in footnote 21, applies a 17% overhead rate, which is 
the rate utilized by EPA in a recent rule, as example to demonstrate 
the affect overhead might have on the estimate for this final rule.
    (iv) Burden hours--The tasks necessary to comply with the 
representation and disclosure requirements of the rule were carefully 
considered, and estimates have been adjusted as shown in Table 1 and 
summarized in Table 3 (Table 3 is reproduced below). With regard to the 
labor burden hours for specific representation and disclosure tasks, 
the estimates generally did not increase in recognition of the 
inclusion of costs for contractors and subcontractors to modify or 
develop tracking system mechanisms. Inherent in the development of such 
systems are internal controls and protocols and processes which will 
greatly streamline the information retrieval process. The majority of 
the labor violation disclosure effort is at the initial representation 
and as such the greatest number of hours is allotted to the initial 
response. A detailed breakdown, including explanatory footnotes, of 
estimated burden hours can be found in Table 1, Reporting Estimate. It 
should be noted that estimates for burden hours considered that the 
time needed for a simple disclosure and for a complex disclosure vary; 
and that across the universe of disclosures, a greater proportion are 
simple, i.e., for single or non-complex labor law violations. 
Annualized cost estimates for this supporting statement have been 
prepared assuming the full implementation of the rule, i.e., upon 
completion of all phase-in periods. The RIA and PRA supporting 
statement are not intended to match each other as they are 
representative of different analyses and timeframes.

   Table 3--Summary of Table 1 Annual Estimated Cost to the Public of
                            Reporting Burden*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of respondents...................................          24,183
Responses per respondent................................            17.3
Total annual responses..................................         417,808
Hours per response......................................            5.19
Total hours.............................................       2,166,815
Rate per hour (average).................................          $61.43
                                                         ---------------
    Total annual cost to public.........................    $133,109,793
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Totals may not sum due to rounding.

    A number of other tables in the supporting statement estimate cost 
elements including--annual recurring costs to include maintenance of 
tracking mechanism costs and costs incurred by new entrants (see Tables 
4 and 5); and nonrecurring costs to include regulatory review and 
familiarization (see Table 7) and contractor business systems (see 
Table 8). The summary of total costs to the public is captured in 
Tables 10a and 10b, reproduced below.

             Table 10a--Summary of Total Costs to the Public
                   [First year of full implementation]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Cost element                             Cost
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3. Annual Reporting(Recurring)....................    $133,109,793
Table 9. Initial Start Up (Nonrecurring)................     321,534,290
                                                         ---------------
    Total Initial Public Costs..........................     454,644,083
------------------------------------------------------------------------


             Table 10b--Summary of Total Costs to the Public
                           [Subsequent years]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Cost element                             Cost
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3. Annual Reporting (Recurring)...................    $133,109,793
Table 6. Other Recurring Costs..........................     126,931,469
                                                         ---------------
    Total Annual Subsequent Public Costs................     260,041,262
------------------------------------------------------------------------

List of Subjects in 48 CFR Parts 1, 4, 9, 17, 22, 42, and 52

    Government procurement.

    Dated: August 10, 2016.
William F. Clark,
Director, Office of Government-wide Acquisition Policy, Office of 
Acquisition Policy, Office of Governmentwide Policy.

    Therefore, DoD, GSA, and NASA amend 48 CFR parts 1, 4, 9, 17, 22, 
42, and 52 as set forth below:

0
1. The authority citation for 48 CFR parts 1, 4, 9, 17, 22, 42, and 52 
continues to read as follows:


[[Page 58638]]


    Authority:  40 U.S.C. 121(c); 10 U.S.C. chapter 137; and 51 
U.S.C. 20113.

PART 1--FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM


1.106   [Amended]

0
2. Amend section 1.106 in the table following the introductory text, by 
adding in numerical sequence, FAR segments ``52.222-57'', ``52.222-
58'', 52.222-59'', and 52.222-60'' and their corresponding OMB Control 
Number ``9000-0195''.

PART 4--ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

0
3. Amend section 4.1202 by redesignating paragraphs (a)(21) through 
(31) as paragraphs (a)(22) through (32), respectively; and adding a new 
paragraph (a)(21) to read as follows:


4.1202   Solicitation provision and contract clause.

    (a) * * *
    (21) 52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws 
(Executive Order 13673).
* * * * *

PART 9--CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS

0
4. Amend section 9.104-4 by redesignating paragraph (b) as paragraph 
(c); and adding a new paragraph (b) to read as follows:


9.104-4   Subcontractor responsibility.

* * * * *
    (b) For Executive Order (E.O.) 13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces, 
requirements pertaining to labor law violations, see subpart 22.20.
* * * * *

0
5. Amend section 9.104-5 by redesignating paragraph (d) as paragraph 
(e); and adding a new paragraph (d) to read as follows:


9.104-5   Representation and certifications regarding responsibility 
matters.

* * * * *
    (d) When an offeror provides an affirmative response to the 
provision at 52.222-57(c)(2), Representation Regarding Compliance with 
Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673), or its commercial item equivalent 
at 52.212-3(s)(2)(ii), the contracting officer shall follow the 
procedures in subpart 22.20.
* * * * *

0
6. Amend section 9.104-6 by revising paragraph (b)(4) and adding 
paragraph (b)(6) to read as follows:


9.104-6   Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) Since FAPIIS may contain information on any of the offeror's 
previous contracts and information covering a five-year period, some of 
that information may not be relevant to a determination of present 
responsibility, e.g., a prior administrative action such as debarment 
or suspension that has expired or otherwise been resolved, or 
information relating to contracts for completely different products or 
services. Information in FAPIIS submitted pursuant to the following 
provision and clause is applicable above $500,000, and may be 
considered if the information is relevant to a procurement below 
$500,000: 52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor 
Laws (Executive Order 13673), its commercial item equivalent at 52.212-
3(s), and 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673).
* * * * *
    (6) When considering information in FAPIIS previously submitted in 
response to the provision and clause listed at paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section the contracting officer--
    (i) Shall follow the procedures in 22.2004-2, if the procurement is 
expected to exceed $500,000; or
    (ii) May elect to follow the procedures in 22.2004-2, if the 
procurement is not expected to exceed $500,000.
* * * * *

0
7. Amend section 9.105-1 by adding paragraph (b)(4) to read as follows:


9.105-1   Obtaining information.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) When an offeror provides an affirmative response to the 
provision at 52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor 
Laws (Executive Order 13673) at paragraph (c)(2), or its commercial 
item equivalent at 52.212-3(s)(2)(ii), the contracting officer shall 
follow the procedures in 22.2004-2.
* * * * *


9.105-3  [Amended]

0
8. Amend section 9.105-3 by removing from paragraph (a) ``provided in 
subpart 24.2'' and adding ``provided in 9.105-2(b)(2)(iii) and subpart 
24.2'' in its place.

PART 17--SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS

0
9. Amend section 17.207 by--
0
a. Removing from paragraph (c)(6) ``considered; and'' and adding 
``considered;'' in its place;
0
b. Removing from paragraph (c)(7) ``satisfactory ratings.'' and adding 
``satisfactory ratings; and'' in its place; and
0
c. Adding paragraph (c)(8).
    The addition reads as follows:


17.207  Exercise of options.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (8) The contractor's labor law decisions, mitigating factors, 
remedial measures, and the agency labor compliance advisor's analysis 
and advice have been considered in accordance with subpart 22.20, if 
the contract contains the clause 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws 
(Executive Order 13673).
* * * * *

PART 22--APPLICATION OF LABOR LAWS TO GOVERNMENT ACQUISITIONS

0
10. Amend section 22.000 by--
0
a. Removing from paragraph (a) ``Deals with'' and adding ``Prescribes'' 
in its places;
0
b. Revising paragraph (b); and
0
c. Removing from paragraph (c) ``labor law.'' and adding ``labor law 
and Executive order.'' in its place.
    The revision reads as follows:


22.000   Scope of part.

* * * * *
    (b) Prescribes contracting policy and procedures to implement each 
pertinent labor law and Executive order; and
* * * * *

0
11. Amend section 22.102-2 by revising the section heading and 
paragraph (c)(1) and adding paragraph (c)(3) to read as follows:


22.102-2   Administration and enforcement.

* * * * *
    (c)(1) The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) is responsible for the 
administration and enforcement of the Occupational Safety and Health 
Act. DOL's Wage and Hour Division is responsible for administration and 
enforcement of numerous wage and hour statutes including--
    (i) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements 
(Construction) (see subpart 22.4);
    (ii) 40 U.S.C. chapter 37, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards 
(see subpart 22.3);
    (iii) The Copeland Act (18 U.S.C. 874 and 40 U.S.C. 3145) (see 
22.403-2);
    (iv) 41 U.S.C. chapter 65, Contracts for Materials, Supplies, 
Articles, and Equipment Exceeding $15,000 (see subpart 22.6); and
    (v) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, Service Contract Labor Standards (see 
subpart 22.10).
* * * * *

[[Page 58639]]

    (3) DOL's administration and enforcement authorities under the 
statutes and under the Executive orders implemented in this part do not 
limit the authority of contracting officers to administer and enforce 
the terms and conditions of agency contracts. However, DOL has 
regulatory authority to require contracting agencies to change contract 
terms to include missing contract clauses or wage determinations that 
are required by the FAR, or to withhold contract amounts (see, e.g., 
22.1015, 22.1022).

0
12. Add section 22.104 to read as follows:


22.104   Agency labor advisors.

    (a) Appointment of agency labor advisors. Agencies may designate or 
appoint labor advisors, according to agency procedures.
    (b) Duties. Agency labor advisors are generally responsible for the 
following duties:
    (1) Interfacing with DOL, agency labor compliance advisors (ALCAs) 
(as defined at 22.2002), outside agencies, contractors, and other 
parties in matters concerning interpretation, guidance, and enforcement 
of labor statutes, Executive orders, and implementing regulations 
applicable to agency contracts.
    (2) Providing advice and guidance to the contracting agency 
regarding application of labor statutes, Executive orders, and 
implementing regulations in agency contracts.
    (3) Serving as labor subject matter experts on all issues specific 
to part 22 and its prescribed contract clauses and provisions.
    (c) Agency labor advisors are listed at www.wdol.gov/ala.aspx.
    (d) For information about ALCAs, who provide support regarding 
Executive Order 13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces, see subpart 22.20.

0
13. Add subpart 22.20 to read as follows:
Subpart 22.20--Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces
Sec.
22.2000 Scope of subpart.
22.2001 Reserved.
22.2002 Definitions.
22.2003 Policy.
22.2004 Compliance with labor laws.
22.2004-1 General.
22.2004-2 Preaward assessment of an offeror's labor law violations.
22.2004-3 Postaward assessment of a prime contractor's labor law 
violations.
22.2004-4 Contractor preaward and postaward assessment of a 
subcontractor's labor law violations.
22.2005 Paycheck transparency.
22.2006 Arbitration of contractor employee claims.
22.2007 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Subpart 22.20--Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces


22.2000  Scope of subpart.

    This subpart prescribes policies and procedures to implement 
Executive Order (E.O.) 13673, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces, dated July 
31, 2014.


22.2001   [Reserved].


22.2002   Definitions.

    As used in this subpart--
    Administrative merits determination means certain notices or 
findings of labor law violations issued by an enforcement agency 
following an investigation. An administrative merits determination may 
be final or be subject to appeal or further review. To determine 
whether a particular notice or finding is covered by this definition, 
it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    Agency labor compliance advisor (ALCA) means the senior official 
designated in accordance with E.O. 13673. ALCAs are listed at 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    Arbitral award or decision means an arbitrator or arbitral panel 
determination that a labor law violation occurred, or that enjoined or 
restrained a violation of labor law. It includes an award or decision 
that is not final or is subject to being confirmed, modified, or 
vacated by a court, and includes an award or decision resulting from 
private or confidential proceedings. To determine whether a particular 
award or decision is covered by this definition, it is necessary to 
consult section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    Civil judgment means any judgment or order entered by any Federal 
or State court in which the court determined that a labor law violation 
occurred, or enjoined or restrained a violation of labor law. It 
includes a judgment or order that is not final or is subject to appeal. 
To determine whether a particular judgment or order is covered by this 
definition, it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL 
Guidance.
    DOL Guidance means the Department of Labor (DOL) Guidance entitled: 
``Guidance for Executive Order 13673, `Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces'.'' 
The DOL Guidance, dated August 25, 2016, can be obtained from 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    Enforcement agency means any agency granted authority to enforce 
the Federal labor laws. It includes the enforcement components of DOL 
(Wage and Hour Division, Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration), the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health 
Review Commission, and the National Labor Relations Board. It also 
means a State agency designated to administer an OSHA-approved State 
Plan, but only to the extent that the State agency is acting in its 
capacity as administrator of such plan. It does not include other 
Federal agencies which, in their capacity as contracting agencies, 
conduct investigations of potential labor law violations. The 
enforcement agencies associated with each labor law under E.O. 13673 
are--
    (1) Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division (WHD) for--
    (i) The Fair Labor Standards Act;
    (ii) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act;
    (iii) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act;
    (iv) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act;
    (v) The Family and Medical Leave Act; and
    (vi) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors);
    (2) Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA) for--
    (i) The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; and
    (ii) OSHA-approved State Plans;
    (3) Department of Labor Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs (OFCCP) for--
    (i) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;
    (ii) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974; and
    (iii) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity);
    (4) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for the National Labor 
Relations Act; and
    (5) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for--
    (i) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;
    (ii) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990;
    (iii) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; and
    (iv) Section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (Equal Pay Act).
    Labor compliance agreement means an agreement entered into between 
a contractor or subcontractor and an enforcement agency to address 
appropriate remedial measures,

[[Page 58640]]

compliance assistance, steps to resolve issues to increase compliance 
with the labor laws, or other related matters.
    Labor laws means the following labor laws and E.O.s:
    (1) The Fair Labor Standards Act.
    (2) The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970.
    (3) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act.
    (4) The National Labor Relations Act.
    (5) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act.
    (6) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act.
    (7) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity).
    (8) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
    (9) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974.
    (10) The Family and Medical Leave Act.
    (11) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    (12) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
    (13) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.
    (14) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors).
    (15) Equivalent State laws as defined in the DOL Guidance. (The 
only equivalent State laws implemented in the FAR are OSHA-approved 
State Plans, which can be found at www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/approved_state_plans.html.)
    Labor law decision means an administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, which resulted from a 
violation of one or more of the laws listed in the definition of 
``labor laws''.
    Pervasive violations, in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and 
Safe Workplaces, means labor law violations that bear on the assessment 
of a contractor's integrity and business ethics because they reflect a 
basic disregard by the contractor for the labor laws, as demonstrated 
by a pattern of serious and/or willful violations, continuing 
violations, or numerous violations. To determine whether violations are 
pervasive it is necessary to consult the DOL Guidance section III.A.4. 
and associated Appendix D.
    Repeated violation, in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because the contractor had 
one or more additional labor law violations of the same or a 
substantially similar requirement within the prior 3 years. To 
determine whether a particular violation(s) is repeated it is necessary 
to consult the DOL Guidance section III.A.2. and associated Appendix B.
    Serious violation, in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because of the number of 
employees affected; the degree of risk imposed, or actual harm done by 
the violation; the amount of damages incurred or fines or penalties 
assessed; and/or other similar criteria. To determine whether a 
particular violation(s) is serious it is necessary to consult the DOL 
Guidance section III.A.1. and associated Appendix A.
    Willful violation, in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because the contractor 
acted with knowledge of, reckless disregard for, or plain indifference 
to the matter of whether its conduct was prohibited by one or more 
requirements of labor laws. To determine whether a particular 
violation(s) is willful it is necessary to consult the DOL Guidance 
section III.A.3. and associated Appendix C.


22.2003   Policy.

    It is the policy of the Federal Government to promote economy and 
efficiency in procurement by awarding contracts to contractors that 
promote safe, healthy, fair, and effective workplaces through 
compliance with labor laws, and by promoting opportunities for 
contractors to do the same when awarding subcontracts. Contractors and 
subcontractors that consistently adhere to labor laws are more likely 
to have workplace practices that enhance productivity and increase the 
likelihood of timely, predictable, and satisfactory delivery of goods 
and services. This policy is supported by E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces.


22.2004   Compliance with labor laws.


22.2004-1  General.

    (a) Contracts. An offeror on a solicitation estimated to exceed 
$500,000 must represent whether, in the past three years, any labor law 
decision(s), as defined at 22.2002, was rendered against it. If an 
offeror represents that a decision(s) was rendered against it, and if 
the contracting officer has initiated a responsibility determination, 
the contracting officer will require the offeror to submit information 
on the labor law decision(s) and afford the offeror an opportunity to 
provide such additional information as the prospective contractor deems 
necessary to demonstrate its responsibility including mitigating 
factors and remedial measures such as contractor actions taken to 
address the violations, labor compliance agreements, and other steps 
taken to achieve compliance with labor laws. The contractor must update 
the information semiannually in the System for Award Management (SAM). 
For further information, including about phase-ins, see the provisions 
and clauses prescribed at 22.2007(a) and (c).
    (b) Subcontracts. Contractors are required to direct their 
prospective subcontractors to submit labor law decision information to 
DOL. Prospective subcontractors will also be afforded an opportunity to 
provide information to DOL on mitigating factors and remedial measures, 
such as subcontractor actions taken to address the violations, labor 
compliance agreements, and other steps taken to achieve compliance with 
labor laws. Contractors will consider DOL analysis and advice as they 
make responsibility determinations on their prospective subcontractors 
for subcontracts at any tier estimated to exceed $500,000, except for 
subcontracts for commercially available off-the-shelf items. 
Subcontractors must update the information semiannually. For further 
information, including about phase-ins, see the provision and clauses 
prescribed at 22.2007(b) and (c).
    (c) ALCA assistance. The ALCA is responsible for accomplishing the 
specified objectives of the E.O., which include a number of overarching 
management functions. In addition, the ALCA provides support to the 
procurement process by--
    (1) Encouraging prospective contractors and subcontractors that 
have labor law violations that may be serious, repeated, willful, and/
or pervasive to work with enforcement agencies to discuss and address 
the labor law violations as soon as practicable;
    (2) Providing input to the individual responsible for preparing and 
documenting past performance evaluations in Contractor Performance 
Assessment Reporting System (CPARS) (see 42.1502(j) and 42.1503) so 
that labor compliance may be considered during source selection;
    (3) Providing written analysis and advice to the contracting 
officer for consideration in the responsibility determination and 
during contract performance (see 22.2004-2(b) and

[[Page 58641]]

22.2004-3(b)). The analysis requires obtaining labor law decision 
documents and, using DOL Guidance, assessing the labor law violations 
and information on mitigating factors and remedial measures, such as 
contractor actions taken to address the violations, labor compliance 
agreements, and other steps taken to achieve compliance with labor 
laws;
    (4) Notifying, if appropriate, the agency suspending and debarring 
official, in accordance with agency procedures (see 9.406-3(a) and 
9.407-3(a)), or advising that the contracting officer provide such 
notification;
    (5) Monitoring SAM and FAPIIS for new and updated contractor 
disclosures of labor law decision information; and
    (6) Making a notation in FAPIIS when the ALCA learns that a 
contractor has entered into a labor compliance agreement.


22.2004-2   Preaward assessment of an offeror's labor law violations.

    (a) General. Before awarding a contract in excess of $500,000, the 
contracting officer shall--
    (1) Consider relevant past performance information regarding 
compliance with labor laws when past performance is an evaluation 
factor; and
    (2) Consider information concerning labor law violations when 
determining whether a prospective contractor is responsible and has a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics.
    (b) Assessment of labor law violation information during 
responsibility determination. When the contracting officer initiates a 
responsibility determination (see subpart 9.1) and a prospective 
contractor has provided an affirmative response to the representation 
at paragraph (c)(2) of the provision at 52.222-57, Representation 
Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673), or its 
equivalent for commercial items at 52.212-3(s)(2)(ii)--
    (1) The contracting officer shall request that the prospective 
contractor--
    (i) Disclose in SAM at www.sam.gov for each labor law decision, the 
following information, which will be publicly available in FAPIIS:
    (A) The labor law violated.
    (B) The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number.
    (C) The date rendered.
    (D) The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission rendering the determination or decision;
    (ii) Provide such additional information, in SAM, as the 
prospective contractor deems necessary to demonstrate its 
responsibility, including mitigating factors and remedial measures such 
as actions taken to address the violations, labor compliance 
agreements, and other steps taken to achieve compliance with labor 
laws. Prospective contractors may provide explanatory text and upload 
documents in SAM. This information will not be made public unless the 
contractor determines that it wants the information to be made public; 
and
    (iii) Provide the information in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of 
this section to the contracting officer if the prospective contractor 
meets an exception to SAM registration (see 4.1102(a));
    (2) The contracting officer shall--
    (i) Request that the ALCA provide written analysis and advice, as 
described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, within three business 
days of the request, or another time period determined by the 
contracting officer;
    (ii) Furnish to the ALCA all relevant information provided to the 
contracting officer by the prospective contractor; and
    (iii) Request that the ALCA obtain copies of the administrative 
merits determination(s), arbitral award(s) or decision(s), or civil 
judgment(s), as necessary to support the ALCA's analysis and advice, 
and for each analysis that indicates an unsatisfactory record of labor 
law compliance. (The ALCA will notify the contracting officer if the 
ALCA is unable to obtain any of the necessary document(s); the 
contracting officer shall request that the prospective contractor 
provide the necessary documentation).
    (3) The ALCA's advice to the contracting officer will include one 
of the following recommendations about the prospective contractor's 
record of labor law compliance in order to inform the contracting 
officer's assessment of the prospective contractor's integrity and 
business ethics. The prospective contractor's record of labor law 
compliance, including mitigating factors and remedial measures--
    (i) Supports a finding, by the contracting officer, of a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics;
    (ii) Supports a finding, by the contracting officer, of a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, but the 
prospective contractor needs to commit, after award, to negotiating a 
labor compliance agreement or another acceptable remedial action;
    (iii) Could support a finding, by the contracting officer, of a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, only if the 
prospective contractor commits, prior to award, to negotiating a labor 
compliance agreement or another acceptable remedial action;
    (iv) Could support a finding, by the contracting officer, of a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, only if the 
prospective contractor enters, prior to award, into a labor compliance 
agreement; or
    (v) Does not support a finding, by the contracting officer, of a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics, and the agency 
suspending and debarring official should be notified in accordance with 
agency procedures;
    (4) The ALCA will provide written analysis and advice, using the 
DOL Guidance, to support the recommendation made in paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section and for the contracting officer to consider in determining 
the prospective contractor's responsibility. The analysis and advice 
shall include the following information:
    (i) Whether any labor law violations should be considered serious, 
repeated, willful, and/or pervasive.
    (ii) The number and nature of labor law violations (depending on 
the nature of the labor law violation, in most cases, a single labor 
law violation may not necessarily give rise to a determination of lack 
of responsibility).
    (iii) Whether there are any mitigating factors.
    (iv) Whether the prospective contractor has initiated and 
implemented, in a timely manner--
    (A) Its own remedial measures; and
    (B) Other remedial measures entered into through agreement with or 
as a result of the actions or orders of an enforcement agency, court, 
or arbitrator.
    (v) If the ALCA recommends pursuant to paragraphs (b)(3)(iii) or 
(iv) of this section that the prospective contractor commit to 
negotiate, or agree to enter into, a labor compliance agreement prior 
to award, the rationale for such timing (e.g., (1) the prospective 
contractor has failed to take action or provide adequate justification 
for not negotiating when previously notified of the need for a labor 
compliance agreement, or (2) the labor violation history demonstrates 
an unsatisfactory record of integrity and business ethics unless an 
immediate commitment is made to negotiate a labor compliance 
agreement).
    (vi) If the ALCA's recommendation is that the prospective 
contractor's record of labor law compliance does not support a finding, 
by the contracting officer, of a satisfactory record of integrity and 
business ethics, the rationale for the recommendation (e.g., a labor 
compliance agreement cannot be reasonably expected to improve future 
compliance; the prospective contractor has shown a basic disregard for 
labor

[[Page 58642]]

law including by failing to enter into a labor compliance agreement 
after having been given reasonable time to do so; or the prospective 
contractor has breached an existing labor compliance agreement).
    (vii) Whether the ALCA supports notification to the suspending and 
debarring official and whether the ALCA intends to make such 
notification.
    (viii) If the ALCA recommends a labor compliance agreement pursuant 
to paragraphs (b)(3)(ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section, the name of 
the enforcement agency or agencies that would execute such agreement(s) 
with the prospective contractor.
    (ix) Any such additional information that the ALCA finds to be 
relevant;
    (5) The contracting officer shall--
    (i) Consider the analysis and advice from the ALCA, if provided in 
a timely manner, in determining prospective contractors' 
responsibility;
    (ii) Place the ALCA's written analysis, if provided, in the 
contract file with an explanation of how it was considered in the 
responsibility determination;
    (iii) Proceed with making a responsibility determination if a 
timely written analysis is not received from an ALCA, using available 
information and business judgment; and
    (iv) Comply with 9.103(b) when making a determination that a 
prospective small business contractor is nonresponsible and refer to 
the Small Business Administration for a Certificate of Competency;
    (6) Disclosure of labor law decision(s) does not automatically 
render the prospective contractor nonresponsible. The contracting 
officer shall consider the offeror for contract award notwithstanding 
disclosure of one or more labor law decision(s), unless the contracting 
officer determines, after considering the analysis and advice from the 
ALCA on each of the factors described in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section, and any other information considered by the contracting 
officer in performing related responsibility duties under 9.104-5 and 
9.104-6, that the offeror does not have a satisfactory record of 
integrity and business ethics (e.g., the ALCA's analysis of disclosed 
or otherwise known violations and lack of or insufficient remediation 
indicates a basic disregard for labor law).
    (7) If the ALCA's assessment indicates a labor compliance agreement 
is warranted, the contracting officer shall provide written 
notification, prior to award, to the prospective contractor that states 
that the prospective contractor's disclosures have been analyzed by the 
ALCA using DOL's Guidance, that the ALCA has determined that a labor 
compliance agreement is warranted, and that identifies the name of the 
enforcement agency or agencies with whom the prospective contractor 
should confer regarding the negotiation of such agreement or other such 
action as agreed upon between the contractor and the enforcement agency 
or agencies.
    (i) If the ALCA's recommendation is that the prospective contractor 
needs to commit, after award, to negotiating a labor compliance 
agreement or another acceptable remedial action (paragraph (b)(3)(ii) 
of this section), the notification shall indicate that--
    (A) The prospective contractor is to provide a written response to 
the contracting officer and that the response is not required prior to 
contract award. The response is due in a time specified by the 
contracting officer. (The contracting officer shall specify a response 
time that the contracting officer determines is reasonable for the 
circumstances.);
    (B) The contractor's response will be considered by the contracting 
officer in determining if application of a postaward contract remedy is 
appropriate. The prospective contractor's commitment to negotiate in a 
reasonable period of time will be assessed by the ALCA during contract 
performance (see 22.2004-3(b));
    (C) The response shall either--
    (1) Confirm the prospective contractor's intent to negotiate, in 
good faith within a reasonable period of time, a labor compliance 
agreement, or take other remedial action agreed upon between the 
contractor and the enforcement agency or agencies identified by the 
contracting officer, or
    (2) Explain why the prospective contractor does not intend to 
negotiate a labor compliance agreement, or take other remedial action 
agreed upon between the contractor and the enforcement agency or 
agencies identified by the contracting officer; and
    (D) The prospective contractor's failure to enter into a labor 
compliance agreement or take other remedial action agreed upon between 
the contractor and the enforcement agency or agencies within six months 
of contract award, absent explanation that the contracting officer 
considers to be adequate to justify the lack of agreement--
    (1) Will be considered prior to the exercise of a contract option;
    (2) May result in the application of a contract remedy; and
    (3) Will be considered in any subsequent responsibility 
determination where the labor law decision on the unremediated 
violation falls within the disclosure period for that solicitation;
    (ii) If the ALCA's recommendation is that the prospective 
contractor commit, prior to award, to negotiating a labor compliance 
agreement or another acceptable remedial action (paragraph (b)(3)(iii) 
of this section), use the procedures in paragraph (b)(7)(i) but 
substitute the following paragraphs (b)(7)(ii)(A) and (B) for 
paragraphs (b)(7)(i)(A) and (B):
    (A) The prospective contractor is to provide a written response to 
the contracting officer and that the response is required prior to 
contract award. The response is due in a time specified by the 
contracting officer. (The contracting officer shall specify a response 
time that the contracting officer determines is reasonable for the 
circumstances.);
    (B) The contractor's response will be considered by the contracting 
officer in determining responsibility.
    (iii) If the ALCA's recommendation is that the prospective 
contractor enter, prior to award, into a labor compliance agreement 
(paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section), the notification shall state 
that the prospective contractor shall enter into a labor compliance 
agreement before contract award;
    (8) The contracting officer shall notify the ALCA--
    (i) Of the date notice was provided to the prospective contractor; 
and
    (ii) If the prospective contractor fails to respond by the stated 
deadline or indicates that it does not intend to negotiate a labor 
compliance agreement; and
    (9) If the prospective contractor enters into a labor compliance 
agreement, the entry shall be noted in FAPIIS by the ALCA.
    (c)(1) The contracting officer may rely on an offeror's negative 
response to the representation at paragraph (c)(1) of the provision at 
52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws 
(Executive Order 13673), or its equivalent for commercial items at 
52.212-3(s)(2)(i) unless the contracting officer has reason to question 
the representation (e.g., the ALCA has brought covered labor law 
decisions to the attention of the contracting officer).
    (2) If the contracting officer has reason to question the 
representation, the contracting officer shall provide the prospective 
contractor an opportunity to correct its representation or provide the 
contracting officer an explanation as to why the negative 
representation is correct.


22.2004-3  Postaward assessment of a prime contractor's labor law 
violations.

    (a) Contractor duty to update. (1) If there are new labor law 
decisions or updates to previously disclosed labor

[[Page 58643]]

law decisions, the contractor is required to disclose this information 
in SAM at www.sam.gov, semiannually, pursuant to the clause at 52.222-
59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).
    (2) The contractor has flexibility in establishing the date for the 
semiannual update. The contractor may use the six-month anniversary 
date of contract award, or may choose a different date before that six-
month anniversary date. In either case, the contractor must continue to 
update its disclosures semiannually.
    (3) Registrations in SAM are required to be maintained current, 
accurate, and complete (see 52.204-13, System for Award Management 
Maintenance). If the SAM registration date is less than six months old, 
this will be evidence that the required representation and disclosure 
information is updated and the requirement is met.
    (b) Assessment of labor law violation information during contract 
performance. (1) The ALCA monitors SAM and FAPIIS for new and updated 
labor law decision information pursuant to paragraph (a) of this 
section. If the ALCA is unable to obtain any needed relevant documents, 
the ALCA may request that the contracting officer obtain the documents 
from the contractor and provide them to the ALCA. If the contractor had 
previously agreed to enter into a labor compliance agreement, the ALCA 
verifies, consulting with DOL as needed, whether the contractor is 
making progress toward, or has entered into and is complying with a 
labor compliance agreement. The ALCA also considers labor law decision 
information received from sources other than SAM and FAPIIS. If this 
information indicates that further consideration or action may be 
warranted, the ALCA notifies the contracting officer in accordance with 
agency procedures.
    (2) If the contracting officer was notified pursuant to paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section, the contracting officer shall request the 
contractor submit in SAM any additional information the contractor may 
wish to provide for the contracting officer's consideration, e.g., 
remedial measures and mitigating factors or explanations for delays in 
entering into or for not complying with a labor compliance agreement. 
Contractors may provide explanatory text and upload documents in SAM. 
This information will not be made public unless the contractor 
determines that it wants the information to be made public.
    (3) The ALCA will provide written analysis and advice, using the 
DOL Guidance, for the contracting officer to consider in determining 
whether a contract remedy is warranted. The analysis and advice shall 
include the following information:
    (i) Whether any labor law violations should be considered serious, 
repeated, willful, and/or pervasive.
    (ii) The number and nature of labor law violations (depending on 
the nature of the labor law violation, in most cases, a single labor 
law violation may not necessarily warrant action).
    (iii) Whether there are any mitigating factors.
    (iv) Whether the contractor has initiated and implemented, in a 
timely manner--
    (A) Its own remedial measures; and/or
    (B) Other remedial measures entered into through agreement with, or 
as a result of, the actions or orders of an enforcement agency, court, 
or arbitrator.
    (v) Whether a labor compliance agreement or other remedial measure 
is--
    (A) Warranted and the enforcement agency or agencies that would 
execute such agreement with the contractor;
    (B) Under negotiation between the contractor and the enforcement 
agency;
    (C) Established, and whether it is being adhered to; or
    (D) Not being negotiated or has not been established, even though 
the contractor was notified that one had been recommended, and the 
contractor's rationale for not doing so.
    (vi) Whether the absence of a labor compliance agreement or other 
remedial measure, or noncompliance with a labor compliance agreement, 
demonstrates a pattern of conduct or practice that reflects disregard 
for the recommendation of an enforcement agency.
    (vii) Whether the labor law violation(s) merit consideration by the 
agency suspending and debarring official and whether the ALCA will make 
such a referral.
    (viii) Any such additional information that the ALCA finds to be 
relevant.
    (4) The contracting officer shall--
    (i) Determine appropriate action, using the analysis and advice 
from the ALCA. Appropriate action may include--
    (A) Continue the contract and take no remedial action; or
    (B) Exercise a contract remedy, which may include one or more of 
the following:
    (1)(i) Provide written notification to the contractor that a labor 
compliance agreement is warranted, using the procedures in 22.2004-
2(b)(7) introductory paragraph and (b)(7)(i), appropriately modifying 
the content of the notification to the particular postaward 
circumstances (e.g., change the time in paragraph 2004-2(b)(7)(i)(D) to 
``within six months of the notice''); and
    (ii) Notify the ALCA of the date the notice was provided to the 
contractor; and notify the ALCA if the contractor fails to respond by 
the stated deadline or indicates that it does not intend to negotiate a 
labor compliance agreement.
    (2) Elect not to exercise an option (see 17.207(c)(8)).
    (3) Terminate the contract in accordance with the procedures set 
forth in part 49 or 12.403.
    (4) In accordance with agency procedures (see 9.406-3(a) and 9.407-
3(a)), notify the agency suspending and debarring official if the labor 
law violation(s) merit consideration; and
    (ii) Place any ALCA written analysis in the contract file with an 
explanation of how it was considered.
    (5) If the contractor enters into a labor compliance agreement, the 
entry shall be noted in FAPIIS by the ALCA.


22.2004-4  Contractor preaward and postaward assessment of a 
subcontractor's labor law violations.

    (a) The provision at 52.222-58, Subcontractor Responsibility 
Matters Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673), 
and the clause at 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive 
Order 13673), have requirements for preaward subcontractor labor law 
decision disclosures and semiannual postaward updates during 
subcontract performance, and assessments thereof. This requirement 
applies to subcontracts at any tier estimated to exceed $500,000, other 
than for commercially available off-the-shelf items.
    (b) If the contractor notifies the contracting officer of a 
determination and rationale for proceeding with subcontract award under 
52.222-59(c)(5), the contracting officer should inform the ALCA.


22.2005   Paycheck transparency.

    E.O. 13673 requires contractors and subcontractors to provide, on 
contracts that exceed $500,000, and subcontracts that exceed $500,000 
other than for commercially available off-the-shelf items--
    (a) A wage statement document (e.g., a pay stub) in every pay 
period to all individuals performing work under the contract or 
subcontract, for which the contractor or subcontractor is required to 
maintain wage records under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Wage 
Rate

[[Page 58644]]

Requirements (Construction) statute, or Service Contract Labor 
Standards statute. The clause at 52.222-60 Paycheck Transparency 
(Executive Order 13673) requires certain content to be provided in the 
wage statement; and
    (b) A notice document to all individuals performing work under the 
contract or subcontract who are treated as independent contractors 
informing them of that status (see 52.222-60). The notice document must 
be provided either--
    (1) At the time the independent contractor relationship with the 
individual is established; or
    (2) Prior to the time that the individual begins to perform work on 
that Government contract or subcontract.


22.2006   Arbitration of contractor employee claims.

    E.O. 13673 requires contractors, on contracts exceeding $1,000,000, 
to agree that the decision to arbitrate claims arising under title VII 
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or any tort related to or arising out 
of sexual assault or harassment, be made only with the voluntary 
consent of employees or independent contractors after such disputes 
arise, subject to certain exceptions. This flows down to subcontracts 
exceeding $1,000,000 other than for the acquisition of commercial 
items.


22.2007   Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

    (a) The contracting officer shall insert the provision at 52.222-
57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive 
Order 13673), in solicitations that contain the clause at 52.222-59.
    (b) For solicitations issued on or after October 25, 2017, the 
contracting officer shall insert the provision at 52.222-58, 
Subcontractor Responsibility Matters Regarding Compliance with Labor 
Laws (Executive Order 13673), in solicitations that contain the clause 
at 52.222-59.
    (c) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.222-59, 
Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673)--
    (1) In solicitations with an estimated value of $50 million or 
more, issued from October 25, 2016 through April 24, 2017, and 
resultant contracts; and
    (2) In solicitations that are estimated to exceed $500,000 issued 
after April 24, 2017 and resultant contracts.
    (d) The contracting officer shall, beginning on January 1, 2017 
insert the clause at 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 
13673), in solicitations if the estimated value exceeds $500,000 and 
resultant contracts.
    (e) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.222-61, 
Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims (Executive Order 13673), in 
solicitations if the estimated value exceeds $1,000,000, other than 
those for commercial items, and resultant contracts.

PART 42--CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES

0
14. Amend section 42.1502 by adding paragraph (j) to read as follows:


42.1502   Policy.

* * * * *
    (j) Past performance evaluations shall include an assessment of 
contractor's labor violation information when the contract includes the 
clause at 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673). Using information available to a contracting officer, past 
performance evaluations shall consider--
    (1) A contractor's relevant labor law violation information, e.g., 
timely implementation of remedial measures and compliance with those 
remedial measures (including related labor compliance agreement(s)); 
and
    (2) The extent to which the prime contractor addressed labor law 
violations by its subcontractors.
0
15. Amend section 42.1503 by--
0
a. Removing from paragraph (a)(1)(i) ``management office and,'' and 
adding ``management office, agency labor compliance advisor (ALCA) 
office (see subpart 22.20), and,'' in its place;
0
b. Removing from paragraph (a)(1)(ii) ``service, and'' and adding 
``service, ALCA, and'' in its place; and
0
c. Adding paragraph (h)(5).
    The addition reads as follows:


42.1503   Procedures.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (5) References to entries by the Government into FAPIIS that are 
not performance information. For other entries into FAPIIS by the 
contracting officer see 9.105-2(b)(2) for documentation of a 
nonresponsibility determination. See 22.2004-1(c)(6) for documentation 
by the ALCA of a labor compliance agreement. See 9.406-3(f)(1) and 
9.407-3(e) for entry by a suspending or debarring official of 
information regarding an administrative agreement.

PART 52--SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES

0
16. Amend section 52.204-8 by--
0
a. Revising the date of the provision;
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (c)(1)(xv) through (xxii) as paragraphs 
(c)(1)(xvi) through (xxiii), respectively; and
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (c)(1)(xv).
    The revision and addition read as follows:


52.204-8   Annual Representations and Certifications.

* * * * *

Annual Representations and Certifications (OCT 2016)

* * * * *
    (c)(1) * * *
    (xv) 52.222-57, Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws 
(Executive Order 13673). This provision applies to solicitations 
expected to exceed $50 million which are issued from October 25, 2016 
through April 24, 2017, and solicitations expected to exceed $500,000, 
which are issued after April 24, 2017.
* * * * *

0
17. Amend section 52.212-3 by--
0
a. Revising the date of the provision;
0
b. Removing from the introductory text ``(c) through (r)'' and adding 
``(c) through (s)'' in its place;
0
c. Adding to paragraph (a), in alphabetical order, the definitions 
``Administrative merits determination'', ``Arbitral award or 
decision'', ``Civil judgment'', ``DOL Guidance'', ``Enforcement 
agency'', ``Labor compliance agreement'', ``Labor laws'' and ``Labor 
law decision'';
0
d. Removing from paragraph (b)(2) ``(c) through (r)'' and adding ``(c) 
through (s)'' in its place; and
0
e. Adding paragraph (s).
    The revision and additions read as follows:


52.212-3   Offeror Representations and Certifications--Commercial 
Items.

* * * * *

Offeror Representations and Certifications--Commercial Items (OCT 2016)

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    Administrative merits determination means certain notices or 
findings of labor law violations issued by an enforcement agency 
following an investigation. An administrative merits determination may 
be final or be subject to appeal or further review. To determine 
whether a particular notice or finding is covered by this definition, 
it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    Arbitral award or decision means an arbitrator or arbitral panel 
determination that a labor law violation

[[Page 58645]]

occurred, or that enjoined or restrained a violation of labor law. It 
includes an award or decision that is not final or is subject to being 
confirmed, modified, or vacated by a court, and includes an award or 
decision resulting from private or confidential proceedings. To 
determine whether a particular award or decision is covered by this 
definition, it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL 
Guidance.
    Civil judgment means--
    (1) In paragraph (h) of this provision: A judgment or finding of a 
civil offense by any court of competent jurisdiction.
    (2) In paragraph (s) of this provision: Any judgment or order 
entered by any Federal or State court in which the court determined 
that a labor law violation occurred, or enjoined or restrained a 
violation of labor law. It includes a judgment or order that is not 
final or is subject to appeal. To determine whether a particular 
judgment or order is covered by this definition, it is necessary to 
consult section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    DOL Guidance means the Department of Labor (DOL) Guidance entitled: 
``Guidance for Executive Order 13673, `Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces' 
''. The DOL Guidance, dated August 25, 2016, can be obtained from 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
* * * * *
    Enforcement agency means any agency granted authority to enforce 
the Federal labor laws. It includes the enforcement components of DOL 
(Wage and Hour Division, Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration), the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health 
Review Commission, and the National Labor Relations Board. It also 
means a State agency designated to administer an OSHA-approved State 
Plan, but only to the extent that the State agency is acting in its 
capacity as administrator of such plan. It does not include other 
Federal agencies which, in their capacity as contracting agencies, 
conduct investigations of potential labor law violations. The 
enforcement agencies associated with each labor law under E.O. 13673 
are--
    (1) Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division (WHD) for--
    (i) The Fair Labor Standards Act;
    (ii) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act;
    (iii) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act;
    (iv) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act;
    (v) The Family and Medical Leave Act; and
    (vi) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors);
    (2) Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA) for--
    (i) The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; and
    (ii) OSHA-approved State Plans;
    (3) Department of Labor Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs (OFCCP) for--
    (i) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;
    (ii) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974; and
    (iii) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity);
    (4) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for the National Labor 
Relations Act; and
    (5) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for--
    (i) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;
    (ii) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990;
    (iii) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; and
    (iv) Section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (Equal Pay Act).
* * * * *
    Labor compliance agreement means an agreement entered into between 
a contractor or subcontractor and an enforcement agency to address 
appropriate remedial measures, compliance assistance, steps to resolve 
issues to increase compliance with the labor laws, or other related 
matters.
    Labor laws means the following labor laws and E.O.s:
    (1) The Fair Labor Standards Act.
    (2) The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970.
    (3) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act.
    (4) The National Labor Relations Act.
    (5) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act.
    (6) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act.
    (7) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity).
    (8) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
    (9) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974.
    (10) The Family and Medical Leave Act.
    (11) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    (12) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
    (13) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.
    (14) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors).
    (15) Equivalent State laws as defined in the DOL Guidance. (The 
only equivalent State laws implemented in the FAR are OSHA-approved 
State Plans, which can be found at www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/approved_state_plans.html).
    Labor law decision means an administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, which resulted from a 
violation of one or more of the laws listed in the definition of 
``labor laws''.
* * * * *
    (s) Representation regarding compliance with labor laws (Executive 
Order 13673). If the offeror is a joint venture that is not itself a 
separate legal entity, each concern participating in the joint venture 
shall separately comply with the requirements of this provision.
    (1)(i) For solicitations issued on or after October 25, 2016 
through April 24, 2017: The Offeror [ ] does [ ] does not anticipate 
submitting an offer with an estimated contract value of greater than 
$50 million.
    (ii) For solicitations issued after April 24, 2017: The Offeror [ ] 
does [ ] does not anticipate submitting an offer with an estimated 
contract value of greater than $500,000.
    (2) If the Offeror checked ``does'' in paragraph (s)(1)(i) or (ii) 
of this provision, the Offeror represents to the best of the Offeror's 
knowledge and belief [Offeror to check appropriate block]:
    [ ](i) There has been no administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment for any labor law 
violation(s) rendered against the offeror (see definitions in paragraph 
(a) of this section) during the period beginning on October 25, 2015 to 
the date of the offer, or for three years preceding the date of the 
offer, whichever period is shorter; or
    [ ](ii) There has been an administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment for any labor law 
violation(s) rendered against the Offeror during the period beginning 
on October 25, 2015 to the date of the offer, or for three years 
preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is shorter.
    (3)(i) If the box at paragraph (s)(2)(ii) of this provision is 
checked and the

[[Page 58646]]

Contracting Officer has initiated a responsibility determination and 
has requested additional information, the Offeror shall provide--
    (A) The following information for each disclosed labor law decision 
in the System for Award Management (SAM) at www.sam.gov, unless the 
information is already current, accurate, and complete in SAM. This 
information will be publicly available in the Federal Awardee 
Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS):
    (1) The labor law violated.
    (2) The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number.
    (3) The date rendered.
    (4) The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission that rendered the determination or decision;
    (B) The administrative merits determination, arbitral award or 
decision, or civil judgment document, to the Contracting Officer, if 
the Contracting Officer requires it;
    (C) In SAM, such additional information as the Offeror deems 
necessary to demonstrate its responsibility, including mitigating 
factors and remedial measures such as offeror actions taken to address 
the violations, labor compliance agreements, and other steps taken to 
achieve compliance with labor laws. Offerors may provide explanatory 
text and upload documents. This information will not be made public 
unless the contractor determines that it wants the information to be 
made public; and
    (D) The information in paragraphs (s)(3)(i)(A) and (s)(3)(i)(C) of 
this provision to the Contracting Officer, if the Offeror meets an 
exception to SAM registration (see FAR 4.1102(a)).
    (ii)(A) The Contracting Officer will consider all information 
provided under (s)(3)(i) of this provision as part of making a 
responsibility determination.
    (B) A representation that any labor law decision(s) were rendered 
against the Offeror will not necessarily result in withholding of an 
award under this solicitation. Failure of the Offeror to furnish a 
representation or provide such additional information as requested by 
the Contracting Officer may render the Offeror nonresponsible.
    (C) The representation in paragraph (s)(2) of this provision is a 
material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed when 
making award. If it is later determined that the Offeror knowingly 
rendered an erroneous representation, in addition to other remedies 
available to the Government, the Contracting Officer may terminate the 
contract resulting from this solicitation in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in FAR 12.403.
    (4) The Offeror shall provide immediate written notice to the 
Contracting Officer if at any time prior to contract award the Offeror 
learns that its representation at paragraph (s)(2) of this provision is 
no longer accurate.
    (5) The representation in paragraph (s)(2) of this provision will 
be public information in the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity 
Information System (FAPIIS).
* * * * *

0
18. Amend section 52.212-5 by--
0
a. Revising the date of the clause;
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(35) through (58) as paragraphs (b)(37) 
through ((60), respectively;
0
c. Adding new paragraphs (b)(35) and (36);
0
d. Redesignating paragraphs (e)(1)(xvi) through (xviii) as paragraphs 
(e)1)(xviii) through (xx), respectively;
0
e. Adding new paragraphs (e)(1)(xvi) and (xvii); and
0
f. Amending Alternate II by--
0
1. Revising the date of the Alternate;
0
2. Redesignating paragraphs (e)(1)(ii)(O) and (P) as paragraphs 
(e)(1)(ii)(Q) and (R); and
0
3. Adding new paragraphs (e)(1)(ii)(O) and (P).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


52.212-5   Contract Terms and Conditions Required to Implement Statutes 
or Executive Orders--Commercial Items.

* * * * *

Contract Terms and Conditions Required To Implement Statutes or 
Executive Orders--Commercial Items (OCT 2016)

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    __(1) * * *
    __(35) 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673) (OCT 2016). (Applies at $50 million for solicitations and 
resultant contracts issued from October 25, 2016 through April 24, 
2017; applies at $500,000 for solicitations and resultant contracts 
issued after April 24, 2017).
    __(36) 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673) 
(OCT 2016).
* * * * *
    (e)(1) * * *
    (xvi) 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673) 
(OCT 2016) (Applies at $50 million for solicitations and resultant 
contracts issued from October 25, 2016 through April 24, 2017; applies 
at $500,000 for solicitations and resultant contracts issued after 
April 24, 2017).
    (xvii) 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673) 
(OCT 2016)).
* * * * *
    Alternate II (OCT 2016). * * *
    (e)(1) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (O) 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673) 
(OCT 2016).
    (P) 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 
2016).
* * * * *

0
19. Amend section 52.213-4 by revising the date of the clause and 
paragraph (a)(2)(viii) to read as follows:


52.213-4  Terms and Conditions--Simplified Acquisitions (Other Than 
Commercial Items).

* * * * *

Terms and Conditions--Simplified Acquisitions (Other Than Commercial 
Items) (OCT 2016)

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (viii) 52.244-6, Subcontracts for Commercial Items (OCT 2016).
* * * * *

0
20. Add section 52.222-57 to read as follows:


52.222-57   Representation Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws 
(Executive Order 13673).

    As prescribed in 22.2007(a), insert the following provision:

Representation Regarding Compliance With Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673) (OCT 2016)

    (a)(1) Definitions.
    Administrative merits determination, arbitral award or decision, 
civil judgment, DOL Guidance, enforcement agency, labor compliance 
agreement, labor laws, and labor law decision as used in this provision 
have the meaning given in the clause in this solicitation entitled 
52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).
    (2) Joint ventures. If the offeror is a joint venture that is not 
itself a separate legal entity, each concern participating in the joint 
venture shall separately comply with the requirements of this 
provision.
    (b)(1) For solicitations issued on or after October 25, 2016 
through April 24, 2017: The Offeror [ ] does [ ] does not anticipate 
submitting an offer with an estimated contract value of greater than 
$50 million.
    (2) For solicitations issued after April 24, 2017: The Offeror [ ] 
does [ ] does not anticipate submitting an offer with an estimated 
contract value of greater than $500,000.

[[Page 58647]]

    (c) If the Offeror checked ``does'' in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of 
this provision, the Offeror represents to the best of the Offeror's 
knowledge and belief [Offeror to check appropriate block]:
    [ ](1) There has been no administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment for any labor law 
violation(s) rendered against the Offeror during the period beginning 
on October 25, 2015 to the date of the offer, or for three years 
preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is shorter; or
    [ ](2) There has been an administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment for any labor law 
violation(s) rendered against the Offeror during the period beginning 
on October 25, 2015 to the date of the offer, or for three years 
preceding the date of the offer, whichever period is shorter.
    (d)(1) If the box at paragraph (c)(2) of this provision is checked 
and the Contracting Officer has initiated a responsibility 
determination and has requested additional information, the Offeror 
shall provide--
    (i) For each disclosed labor law decision in the System for Award 
Management (SAM) at www.sam.gov, the following, unless the information 
is already current, accurate, and complete in SAM. This information 
will be publicly available in the Federal Awardee Performance and 
Integrity Information System (FAPIIS):
    (A) The labor law violated.
    (B) The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number.
    (C) The date rendered.
    (D) The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission that rendered the determination or decision;
    (ii) The administrative merits determination, arbitral award or 
decision, or civil judgment document to the Contracting Officer, if the 
Contracting Officer requires it;
    (iii) In SAM, such additional information as the Offeror deems 
necessary to demonstrate its responsibility, including mitigating 
factors and remedial measures such as Offeror actions taken to address 
the violations, labor compliance agreements, and other steps taken to 
achieve compliance with labor laws. Offerors may provide explanatory 
text and upload documents. This information will not be made public 
unless the contractor determines that it wants the information to be 
made public; and
    (iv) The information in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (d)(1)(iii) of 
this provision to the Contracting Officer, if the Offeror meets an 
exception to SAM registration (see 4.1102(a)).
    (2)(i) The Contracting Officer will consider all information 
provided under (d)(1) of this provision as part of making a 
responsibility determination.
    (ii) A representation that any labor law decisions were rendered 
against the Offeror will not necessarily result in withholding of an 
award under this solicitation. Failure of the Offeror to furnish a 
representation or provide such additional information as requested by 
the Contracting Officer may render the Offeror nonresponsible.
    (iii) The representation in paragraph (c) of this provision is a 
material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed when 
making award. If it is later determined that the Offeror knowingly 
rendered an erroneous representation, in addition to other remedies 
available to the Government, the Contracting Officer may terminate the 
contract resulting from this solicitation in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in part 49.
    (e) The Offeror shall provide immediate written notice to the 
Contracting Officer if at any time prior to contract award the Offeror 
learns that its representation at paragraph (c) of this provision is no 
longer accurate.
    (f) The representation in paragraph (c) of this provision will be 
public information in the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity 
Information System (FAPIIS).
    (End of provision)

0
21. Add section 52.222-58 to read as follows:


52.222-58   Subcontractor Responsibility Matters Regarding Compliance 
with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).

    As prescribed in 22.2007(b), insert the following provision:

Subcontractor Responsibility Matters Regarding Compliance with Labor 
Laws (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 2016)

    (a) Definitions.
    Administrative merits determination, arbitral award or decision, 
civil judgment, DOL Guidance, enforcement agency, labor compliance 
agreement, labor laws, and labor law decision as used in this provision 
have the meaning given in the clause in this solicitation entitled 
52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).
    (b) Subcontractor representation. (1) The requirements of this 
provision apply to all prospective subcontractors at any tier 
submitting an offer for subcontracts where the estimated subcontract 
value exceeds $500,000 for other than commercially available off-the-
shelf items. The Offeror shall require these prospective subcontractors 
to represent, to the Offeror, to the best of the subcontractor's 
knowledge and belief, whether there have been any administrative merits 
determinations, arbitral awards or decisions, or civil judgments for 
any labor law violation(s) rendered against the prospective 
subcontractor during the period beginning October 25, 2015 to the date 
of the offer, or for three years preceding the offer, whichever period 
is shorter.
    (2) A contractor or subcontractor, acting in good faith, is not 
liable for misrepresentations made by its subcontractors about labor 
law decisions or about labor compliance agreements.
    (c) Subcontractor responsibility determination. If the prospective 
subcontractor responded affirmatively to paragraph (b) of this 
provision and the Offeror initiates a responsibility determination, the 
Offeror shall follow the procedures in paragraph (c) of 52.222-59, 
Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).
    (End of provision)

0
59. Add section 52.222-59 to read as follows:


52.222-59   Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673).

    As prescribed in 22.2007(c), insert the following clause:

Compliance With Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 2016)

    (a) Definitions. As used in this clause--
    Administrative merits determination means certain notices or 
findings of labor law violations issued by an enforcement agency 
following an investigation. An administrative merits determination may 
be final or be subject to appeal or further review. To determine 
whether a particular notice or finding is covered by this definition, 
it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    Agency labor compliance advisor (ALCA) means the senior official 
designated in accordance with E.O. 13673. ALCAs are listed at 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    Arbitral award or decision means an arbitrator or arbitral panel 
determination that a labor law violation occurred, or that enjoined or 
restrained a violation of labor law. It includes an award or decision 
that is not final or is subject to being confirmed, modified, or 
vacated by a court, and includes an award or decision resulting from 
private or confidential proceedings. To determine whether a particular 
award or

[[Page 58648]]

decision is covered by this definition, it is necessary to consult 
section II.B. in the DOL Guidance.
    Civil judgment means any judgment or order entered by any Federal 
or State court in which the court determined that a labor law violation 
occurred, or enjoined or restrained a violation of labor law. It 
includes a judgment or order that is not final or is subject to appeal. 
To determine whether a particular judgment or order is covered by this 
definition, it is necessary to consult section II.B. in the DOL 
Guidance.
    DOL Guidance means the Department of Labor (DOL) Guidance entitled: 
``Guidance for Executive Order 13673, `Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces' 
''. The DOL Guidance, dated August 25, 2016, can be obtained from 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    Enforcement agency means any agency granted authority to enforce 
the Federal labor laws. It includes the enforcement components of DOL 
(Wage and Hour Division, Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration), the Equal 
Employment Opportunity Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health 
Review Commission, and the National Labor Relations Board. It also 
means a State agency designated to administer an OSHA-approved State 
Plan, but only to the extent that the State agency is acting in its 
capacity as administrator of such plan. It does not include other 
Federal agencies which, in their capacity as contracting agencies, 
conduct investigations of potential labor law violations. The 
enforcement agencies associated with each labor law under E.O. 13673 
are--
    (1) Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division (WHD) for--
    (i) The Fair Labor Standards Act;
    (ii) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act;
    (iii) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act;
    (iv) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act;
    (v) The Family and Medical Leave Act; and
    (vi) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors);
    (2) Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA) for--
    (i) The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; and
    (ii) OSHA-approved State Plans;
    (3) Department of Labor Office of Federal Contract Compliance 
Programs (OFCCP) for--
    (i) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;
    (ii) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974; and
    (iii) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity);
    (4) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for the National Labor 
Relations Act; and
    (5) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for--
    (i) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;
    (ii) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990;
    (iii) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; and
    (iv) Section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (Equal Pay Act).
    Labor compliance agreement means an agreement entered into between 
a contractor or subcontractor and an enforcement agency to address 
appropriate remedial measures, compliance assistance, steps to resolve 
issues to increase compliance with the labor laws, or other related 
matters.
    Labor laws means the following labor laws and E.O.s:
    (1) The Fair Labor Standards Act.
    (2) The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970.
    (3) The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act.
    (4) The National Labor Relations Act.
    (5) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, formerly known as the 
Davis-Bacon Act.
    (6) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, formerly known as the Service Contract 
Act.
    (7) E.O. 11246 of September 24, 1965 (Equal Employment 
Opportunity).
    (8) Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
    (9) The Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 
and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974.
    (10) The Family and Medical Leave Act.
    (11) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    (12) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
    (13) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.
    (14) E.O. 13658 of February 12, 2014 (Establishing a Minimum Wage 
for Contractors).
    (15) Equivalent State laws as defined in the DOL Guidance. (The 
only equivalent State laws implemented in the FAR are OSHA-approved 
State Plans, which can be found at www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/approved_state_plans.html.)
    Labor law decision means an administrative merits determination, 
arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, which resulted from a 
violation of one or more of the laws listed in the definition of 
``labor laws''.
    Pervasive violations in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and 
Safe Workplaces, means labor law violations that bear on the assessment 
of a contractor's integrity and business ethics because they reflect a 
basic disregard by the contractor for the labor laws, as demonstrated 
by a pattern of serious and/or willful violations, continuing 
violations, or numerous violations. To determine whether violations are 
pervasive it is necessary to consult the DOL Guidance section III.A.4. 
and associated Appendix D.
    Repeated violation in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because the contractor had 
one or more additional labor law violations of the same or a 
substantially similar requirement within the prior 3 years. To 
determine whether a particular violation(s) is repeated it is necessary 
to consult the DOL Guidance section III.A.2. and associated Appendix B.
    Serious violation in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because of the number of 
employees affected; the degree of risk imposed, or actual harm done by 
the violation; the amount of damages incurred or fines or penalties 
assessed; and/or other similar criteria. To determine whether a 
particular violation(s) is serious it is necessary to consult the DOL 
Guidance section III.A.1. and associated Appendix A.
    Willful violation in the context of E.O. 13673, Fair Pay and Safe 
Workplaces, means a labor law violation that bears on the assessment of 
a contractor's integrity and business ethics because the contractor 
acted with knowledge of, reckless disregard for, or plain indifference 
to the matter of whether its conduct was prohibited by one or more 
requirements of labor laws. To determine whether a particular 
violation(s) is willful it is necessary to consult the DOL Guidance 
section III.A.3. and associated Appendix C.
    (b) Prime contractor updates. Contractors are required to disclose 
new labor law decisions and/or updates to previously disclosed labor 
law decisions in SAM at www.sam.gov, semiannually. The Contractor has 
flexibility in establishing the date for the semiannual

[[Page 58649]]

update. (The contractor may use the six-month anniversary date of 
contract award, or may choose a different date before that six-month 
anniversary date. In either case, the contractor must continue to 
update its disclosures semiannually.) Registrations in SAM are required 
to be maintained current, accurate, and complete (see 52.204-13, System 
for Award Management Maintenance). If the SAM registration date is less 
than six months old, this will be evidence that the required 
representation and disclosure information is updated and the 
requirement is met. The Contractor shall provide--
    (1) The following in SAM for each disclosed labor law decision. 
This information will be publicly available in the Federal Awardee 
Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS):
    (i) The labor law violated.
    (ii) The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number.
    (iii) The date rendered.
    (iv) The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission that rendered the determination or decision;
    (2) The administrative merits determination, arbitral award or 
decision, or civil judgment document to the Contracting Officer, if the 
Contracting Officer requires it;
    (3) In SAM, such additional information as the Contractor deems 
necessary, including mitigating factors and remedial measures such as 
contractor actions taken to address the violations, labor compliance 
agreements, and other steps taken to achieve compliance with labor 
laws. Contractors may provide explanatory text and upload documents. 
This information will not be made public unless the Contractor 
determines that it wants the information to be made public; and
    (4) The information in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) to the 
Contracting Officer, if the Contractor meets an exception to SAM 
registration (see 4.1102(a)).
    (c) Subcontractor responsibility. (1) This paragraph (c) applies--
    (i) To subcontracts with an estimated value that exceeds $500,000 
for other than commercially available off-the-shelf items; and
    (ii) When the provision 52.222-58, Subcontractor Responsibility 
Matters Regarding Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 13673), 
is in the contract and the prospective subcontractor responded 
affirmatively to paragraph (b) of that provision, and the Contractor 
initiates a responsibility determination.
    (2) The Contractor shall consider subcontractor labor law violation 
information when assessing whether a prospective subcontractor has a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics with regard to 
compliance with labor laws, when determining subcontractor 
responsibility. Disclosure of labor law decision(s) does not 
automatically render the prospective subcontractor nonresponsible. The 
Contractor shall consider the prospective subcontractor for subcontract 
award notwithstanding disclosure of one or more labor law decision(s). 
The Contractor should encourage prospective subcontractors to contact 
DOL for a preassessment of their record of labor law compliance (see 
DOL Guidance Section VI, Preassessment). The Contractor shall complete 
the assessment--
    (i) For subcontracts awarded within five days of the prime contract 
award or that become effective within five days of the prime contract 
award, no later than 30 days after subcontract award; or
    (ii) For all other subcontracts, prior to subcontract award. 
However, in urgent circumstances, the assessment shall be completed 
within 30 days of subcontract award.
    (3)(i) The Contractor shall require a prospective subcontractor to 
represent to the best of the subcontractor's knowledge and belief 
whether there have been any administrative merits determinations, 
arbitral awards or decisions, or civil judgments, for any labor law 
violation(s) rendered against the subcontractor during the period 
beginning on October 25, 2015 to the date of the subcontractor's offer, 
or for three years preceding the date of the subcontractor's offer, 
whichever period is shorter.
    (ii) When determining subcontractor responsibility, the Contractor 
shall require the prospective subcontractor to disclose to DOL, in 
accordance with paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this clause, for each covered 
labor law decision, the following information:
    (A) The labor law violated.
    (B) The case number, inspection number, charge number, docket 
number, or other unique identification number.
    (C) The date rendered.
    (D) The name of the court, arbitrator(s), agency, board, or 
commission that rendered the determination or decision.
    (iii) The Contractor shall inform the prospective subcontractor 
that the prospective subcontractor may provide information to DOL, in 
accordance with paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this clause, on mitigating 
factors and remedial measures, such as subcontractor actions taken to 
address the violations, labor compliance agreements, and other steps 
taken to achieve compliance with labor laws.
    (iv) The Contractor shall require subcontractors to provide 
information required by paragraph (c)(3)(ii) and discussed in paragraph 
(c)(3)(iii) of this clause to DOL through the DOL Web site at 
www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    (4) The Contractor, in determining subcontractor responsibility, 
may find that the prospective subcontractor has a satisfactory record 
of integrity and business ethics with regard to compliance with labor 
laws if--
    (i) The prospective subcontractor provides a negative response to 
the Contractor in its representation made pursuant to paragraph 
(c)(3)(i) of this clause; or
    (ii) The prospective subcontractor--
    (A) Provides a positive response to the Contractor in its 
representation made pursuant to paragraph (3)(i);
    (B) Represents, to the Contractor, to the best of the 
subcontractor's knowledge and belief that it has disclosed to DOL any 
administrative merits determinations, arbitral awards or decisions, or 
civil judgments for any labor law violation(s) rendered against the 
subcontractor during the period beginning on October 25, 2015 to the 
date of the offer, or for three years preceding the date of the offer, 
whichever period is shorter; and
    (C) Provides the following information concerning DOL review and 
assessment of subcontractor-disclosed information--
    (1) The subcontractor has been advised by DOL that it has no 
serious, repeated, willful, and/or pervasive labor law violations;
    (2) The subcontractor has been advised by DOL that it has serious, 
repeated, willful, and/or pervasive labor law violations; and
    (i) DOL has advised that a labor compliance agreement is not 
warranted because, for example, the subcontractor has initiated and 
implemented its own remedial measures;
    (ii) The subcontractor has entered into a labor compliance 
agreement(s) with an enforcement agency and states that it has not been 
notified by DOL that it is not complying with its agreement; or
    (iii) The subcontractor has agreed to enter into a labor compliance 
agreement or is considering a labor compliance agreement(s) with an 
enforcement agency to address all disclosed labor law violations that 
DOL has determined to be serious, willful, repeated, and/or

[[Page 58650]]

pervasive labor law violations and has not been notified by DOL that it 
has not entered into an agreement in a reasonable period; or
    (3) The subcontractor disagrees with DOL's advice (e.g., that a 
proposed labor compliance agreement is warranted), or with DOL's 
notification that it has not entered into a labor compliance agreement 
in a reasonable period or is not complying with the agreement, and the 
subcontractor has provided the Contractor with--
    (i) Information about all the disclosed labor law violations that 
have been determined by DOL to be serious, repeated, willful, and/or 
pervasive;
    (ii) Such additional information that the subcontractor deems 
necessary to demonstrate its responsibility, including mitigating 
factors, remedial measures such as subcontractor actions taken to 
address the labor law violations, labor compliance agreements, and 
other steps taken to achieve compliance with labor laws;
    (iii) A description of DOL's advice or a description of an 
enforcement agency's proposed labor compliance agreement; and
    (iv) An explanation of the basis for the subcontractor's 
disagreement with DOL.
    (5) If the Contractor determines that the subcontractor has a 
satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics based on the 
information provided pursuant to paragraph (c)(4)(ii)(C)(3), or the 
Contractor determines that due to a compelling reason the contractor 
must proceed with subcontract award, the Contractor shall notify the 
Contracting Officer of the decision and provide the following 
information in writing:
    (i) The name of the subcontractor.
    (ii) The basis for the decision, e.g., relevancy to the 
requirement, urgent and compelling circumstances, to prevent delays 
during contract performance, or when only one supplier is available to 
meet the requirement.
    (6) If DOL does not provide advice to the subcontractor within 
three business days of the subcontractor's disclosure of labor law 
decision information pursuant to paragraph (c)(3)(ii) and DOL did not 
previously advise the subcontractor that it needed to enter into a 
labor compliance agreement to address labor law violations, the 
Contractor may proceed with making a responsibility determination using 
available information and business judgment.
    (d) Subcontractor updates. (1) The Contractor shall require 
subcontractors to determine, semiannually, whether labor law decision 
disclosures provided to DOL pursuant to paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this 
clause are current, accurate, and complete. If the information is 
current, accurate, and complete, no action is required. If the 
information is not current, accurate, and complete, subcontractors must 
provide revised information to DOL, in accordance with paragraph 
(c)(3)(iv) of this clause, and make a new representation and provide 
information to the Contractor pursuant to paragraph (c)(4)(ii) of this 
clause to reflect any advice provided by DOL or other actions taken by 
the subcontractor.
    (2) The Contractor shall further require the subcontractor to 
disclose during the course of performance of the subcontract any 
notification by DOL, within 5 business days of such notification, that 
it has not entered into a labor compliance agreement in a reasonable 
period or is not complying with a labor compliance agreement, and shall 
allow the subcontractor to provide an explanation and supporting 
information for the delay or non-compliance.
    (3) The Contractor shall consider, in a timely manner, information 
obtained from subcontractors pursuant to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of 
this clause, and determine whether action is necessary.
    (4) If the Contractor has been informed by the subcontractor of 
DOL's assessment that the subcontractor has not demonstrated compliance 
with labor laws, and the Contractor decides to continue the 
subcontract, the Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer of its 
decision to continue the subcontract and provide the following 
information in writing:
    (i) The name of the subcontractor; and
    (ii) The basis for the decision, e.g., relevancy to the 
requirement, urgent and compelling circumstances, to prevent delays 
during contract performance, or when only one supplier is available to 
meet the requirement.
    (e) Consultation with DOL and other enforcement agencies. The 
Contractor may consult with DOL and enforcement agency representatives, 
using DOL Guidance at www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces, for advice 
and assistance regarding assessment of subcontractor labor law 
violation(s), including whether new or enhanced labor compliance 
agreements are warranted. Only DOL and enforcement agency 
representatives are available to consult with Contractors regarding 
subcontractor information. Contracting Officers or Agency Labor 
Compliance Advisors may assist with identifying the appropriate DOL and 
enforcement agency representatives.
    (f) Protections for subcontractor misrepresentations. A contractor 
or subcontractor, acting in good faith, is not liable for 
misrepresentations made by its subcontractors about labor law decisions 
or about labor compliance agreements.
    (g) Subcontractor flowdown. If the Government's solicitation 
included the provision at 52.222-58, the Contractor shall include the 
substance of paragraphs (a), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) of this clause, 
in subcontracts with an estimated value exceeding $500,000, at all 
tiers, for other than commercially available off-the-shelf items.
    (End of clause)

0
23. Add section 52.222-60 to read as follows:


52.222-60   Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673).

    As prescribed in 22.2007(d), insert the following clause:

Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 2016)

    (a) Wage statement. In each pay period, the Contractor shall 
provide a wage statement document (e.g. a pay stub) to all individuals 
performing work under the contract subject to the wage records 
requirements of any of the following statutes:
    (1) The Fair Labor Standards Act.
    (2) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31, subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements 
(Construction) (formerly known as the Davis Bacon Act).
    (3) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, Service Contract Labor Standards 
(formerly known as the Service Contract Act of 1965).
    (b) Content of wage statement. (1) The wage statement shall be 
issued every pay period and contain--
    (i) The total number of hours worked in the pay period;
    (ii) The number of those hours that were overtime hours;
    (iii) The rate of pay (e.g., hourly rate, piece rate);
    (iv) The gross pay; and
    (v) Any additions made to or deductions taken from gross pay. These 
shall be itemized. The itemization shall identify and list each one 
separately, as well as the specific amount added or deducted for each.
    (2) If the wage statement is not provided weekly and is instead 
provided bi-weekly or semi-monthly (because the pay period is bi-weekly 
or semi-monthly), the hours worked and overtime hours contained in the 
wage statement shall be broken down to correspond to the period (which 
will almost always be weekly) for which overtime is calculated and 
paid.
    (3) The wage statement provided to an individual exempt from the 
overtime compensation requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act 
(FLSA) need not

[[Page 58651]]

include a record of hours worked, if the Contractor informs the 
individual in writing of his or her overtime exempt status. The notice 
may not indicate or suggest that DOL or the courts agree with the 
Contractor's determination that the individual is exempt. The notice 
must be given either before the individual begins work on the contract, 
or in the first wage statement under the contract. Notice given before 
the work begins can be a stand-alone document, or can be in an offer 
letter, employment contract, or position description. If during 
performance of the contract, the Contractor determines that the 
individual's status has changed from non-exempt to exempt from 
overtime, it must provide the notice to the individual before providing 
a wage statement without hours worked information or in the first wage 
statement after the change.
    (c) Substantially similar laws. A Contractor satisfies this wage 
statement requirement by complying with the wage statement requirement 
of any State or locality (in which the Contractor has employees) that 
has been determined by the United States Secretary of Labor to be 
substantially similar to the wage statement requirement in this clause. 
The determination of substantially similar wage payment states may be 
found at www.dol.gov/fairpayandsafeworkplaces.
    (d) Independent contractor. (1) If the Contractor is treating an 
individual performing work under the contract as an independent 
contractor (e.g., an individual who is in business for him or herself 
or is self-employed) and not as an employee, the Contractor shall 
provide a written document to the individual informing the individual 
of this status. The document may not indicate or suggest that the 
enforcement agencies or the courts agree with the Contractor's 
determination that the worker is an independent contractor. The 
Contractor shall provide the document to the individual either at the 
time an independent contractor relationship is established with the 
individual or prior to the time the individual begins to perform work 
on the contract. The document must be provided for this contract, even 
if the worker was notified of independent contractor status on other 
contracts. The document must be separate from any independent 
contractor agreement between the Contractor and the individual. If the 
Contractor determines that a worker's status while performing work on 
the contract changes from employee to independent contractor, then the 
Contractor shall provide the worker with notice of independent 
contractor status before the worker performs any work under the 
contract as an independent contractor.
    (2) The fact that the Contractor does not make social security, 
Medicare, or income tax withholding deductions from the individual's 
pay and that an individual receives at year end an IRS Form 1099-Misc 
is not evidence that the Contractor has correctly classified the 
individual as an independent contractor under the labor laws.
    (e) Notices--(1) Language. Where a significant portion of the 
workforce is not fluent in English, the Contractor shall provide the 
wage statement required in paragraph (a) of this clause, the overtime 
exempt status notice described in paragraph (b)(3) of this clause, and 
the independent contractor notification required in paragraph (d) of 
this clause in English and the language(s) with which the significant 
portion(s) of the workforce is fluent.
    (2) Electronic notice. If the Contractor regularly provides 
documents to its workers by electronic means, the Contractor may 
provide to workers electronically the written documents and notices 
required by this clause. Workers must be able to access the document 
through a computer, device, system or network provided or made 
available by the Contractor.
    (f) Subcontracts. The Contractor shall insert the substance of this 
clause, including this paragraph (f), in all subcontracts that exceed 
$500,000, at all tiers, for other than commercially available off-the-
shelf items.
    (End of clause)

0
24. Add section 52.222-61 to read as follows:


52.222-61   Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims (Executive Order 
13673).

    As prescribed in 22.2007(e), insert the following clause:

Arbitration of Contractor Employee Claims (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 
2016)

    (a) The Contractor hereby agrees that the decision to arbitrate 
claims arising under title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, or any 
tort related to or arising out of sexual assault or harassment, shall 
only be made with the voluntary consent of employees or independent 
contractors after such disputes arise.
    (b) This does not apply to--
    (1) Employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement 
negotiated between the Contractor and a labor organization representing 
the employees; or
    (2) Employees or independent contractors who entered into a valid 
contract to arbitrate prior to the Contractor bidding on a contract 
containing this clause, implementing Executive Order 13673. This 
exception does not apply:
    (i) If the contractor is permitted to change the terms of the 
contract with the employee or independent contractor; or
    (ii) When the contract with the employee or independent contractor 
is renegotiated or replaced.
    (c) The Contractor shall insert the substance of this clause, 
including this paragraph (c), in subcontracts that exceed $1,000,000. 
This paragraph does not apply to subcontracts for commercial items.
    (End of clause)

0
25. Amend section 52.244-6 by--
0
a. Revising the date of the clause;
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (c)(1)(xiii) through (xv) as paragraphs 
(c)(1)(xv) through (xvii), respectively; and
0
c. Adding new paragraphs (c)(1)(xiii) and (xiv).
    The revision and additions read as follows:


52.244-6  Subcontracts for Commercial Items.

* * * * *

Subcontracts for Commercial Items (OCT 2016)

* * * * *
    (c)(1) * * *
    (xiii) 52.222-59, Compliance with Labor Laws (Executive Order 
13673) (OCT 2016), if the estimated subcontract value exceeds $500,000, 
and is for other than commercially available off-the-shelf items.
    (xiv) 52.222-60, Paycheck Transparency (Executive Order 13673) (OCT 
2016), if the estimated subcontract value exceeds $500,000, and is for 
other than commercially available off-the-shelf items.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2016-19676 Filed 8-24-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6820-EP-P