Taking and Importing Marine Mammals: Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Navy Operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active Sonar, 55177-55180 [2016-19673]

Download as PDF Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 160 / Thursday, August 18, 2016 / Notices Several areas were identified for consideration. Three of the proposed new OBIAs are in areas authorized under the 2016–2017 Authorizations. However, the Navy agrees to treat these areas as OBIAs and will not transmit SURTASS LFA sonar at received levels above 180 dB SPL (rms) within 0.54 nmi (1 km) of the boundary of these potential OBIAs during the periods of biologically important activities for the purpose of the 2016–2017 Authorizations pending a final decision on their designation. NMFS and Navy will be including a description of the evaluation of these new areas in the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and rulemaking process for the new (2017) SURTASS LFA sonar operations. rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES Litigation on Final Rule On July 15, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a decision in NRDC, et al. v. Pritzker, et al., which challenged NMFS’ 2012 final rule for SURTASS LFA sonar. The Ninth Circuit had not, however, issued a mandate in that case at the time the LOAs were issued. Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing On August 4, 2016, NMFS released its Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing (Guidance). This new guidance established new thresholds for predicting auditory injury, which equates to Level A harassment under the MMPA. In the Federal Register Notice (81 FR 51694), NMFS explained the approach it would take during a transition period, wherein we balance the need to consider this new best available science with the fact that some applicants have already committed time and resources to the development of analyses based on our previous guidance and have constraints that preclude the recalculation of take estimates, as well as where the action is in the agency’s decision-making pipeline. In that Notice, we included a non-exhaustive list of factors that would inform the most appropriate approach for considering the new Guidance, including: The scope of effects; how far in the process the applicant has progressed; when the authorization is needed; the cost and complexity of the analysis; and the degree to which the guidance is expected to affect our analysis. In this case, the Navy’s SURTASS LFA sonar rule was issued in 2012, this is the last remaining year of activity that will be authorized under this rule, and they need the VerDate Sep<11>2014 15:05 Aug 17, 2016 Jkt 238001 authorization by August 12th in order to ensure continuity of operations. The SURTASS LFA sonar rule considers the potential for small numbers of cetaceans incurring auditory injury in the effects analysis and, as noted in the Final Rule, the Navy is authorized to take small numbers of cetaceans by Level A harassment as a precautionary measure even though quantitative analyses showed no Level A takes. The Navy has a robust and practicable monitoring and mitigation program that we believe is very effective in reducing the likelihood of injury. Additionally, we believe that a fair number of marine mammals will intentionally avoid approaching within distances of this slow-moving source that would result in injury. In summary, we have considered the new Guidance and believe that the likelihood of injury is adequately addressed in the analysis in the rule and appropriate protective measures are in place in the LOA. Authorization We have issued four Authorizations to the Navy, authorizing the incidental harassment of marine mammals, incidental to operating the four SURTASS LFA sonar systems for routine training, testing and use during military operations. Issuance of these four Authorizations is based on findings, described in the preamble to the final rule (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012) and supported by information contained in the Navy’s required reports on SURTASS LFA sonar and their application, that the activities described under these four Authorizations will have a negligible impact on marine mammal species or stocks and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on their availability for taking for subsistence uses. These Authorizations remain valid through August 14, 2017, provided the Navy remains in conformance with the conditions of the regulations and the LOAs, and the mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements described in 50 CFR 218.230 through 218.241 (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012) and in the Authorizations are undertaken. Dated: August 12, 2016. Donna S. Wieting, Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2016–19711 Filed 8–17–16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510–22–P PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 55177 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648–XE781 Taking and Importing Marine Mammals: Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Navy Operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active Sonar National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; issuance of four Letters of Authorization. AGENCY: In accordance with regulations issued under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, as amended, we hereby give notification that we, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), have issued four one-year Letters of Authorization (Authorizations) to the U.S. Navy (Navy) to take marine mammals by harassment incidental to their military readiness activities associated with the routine training, testing, and military operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) sonar within the western and central North Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. DATES: These Authorizations are effective from August 15, 2016, through August 14, 2017. ADDRESSES: Electronic copies of the Navy’s April 5, 2016 application letter and the Authorizations are available by writing to Jolie Harrison, Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910– 3225, by telephoning the contact listed here (See FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT), or online at: https:// www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/ incidental/military.htm#surtass. The public may view the documents cited in this notice, by appointment, during regular business hours, at the aforementioned address. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale Youngkin, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS (301) 427–8401. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: SUMMARY: Background Section 101(a)(5)(A) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) directs the Secretary of Commerce to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional taking of marine mammals by U.S. citizens if E:\FR\FM\18AUN1.SGM 18AUN1 rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES 55178 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 160 / Thursday, August 18, 2016 / Notices certain findings are made and regulations are issued. Under the MMPA, the term ‘‘take’’ means to harass, hunt, capture, or kill or to attempt to harass, hunt, capture, or kill marine mammals. We, NMFS, have been delegated the authority to issue such regulations and Authorizations. With respect to military readiness activities, the MMPA defines harassment as ‘‘(i) any act that injures or has the significant potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild [Level A harassment]; or (ii) any act that disturbs or is likely to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of natural behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, surfacing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering, to a point where such behavioral patterns are abandoned or significantly altered [Level B harassment].’’ Authorization may be granted for periods of five years or less if we find that the total taking will have a negligible impact on the affected species or stock(s) and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of the species or stock(s) for taking for certain subsistence uses. In addition, we must prescribe regulations that include permissible methods of taking and other means effecting the least practicable adverse impact on the species or stock and its habitat, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance, and on the availability of the species or stocks for taking for subsistence uses. The regulations also must include requirements pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such taking. Regulations governing the taking of marine mammals incidental to the Navy’s routine training, testing, and military operations of SURTASS LFA sonar are in effect through August 15, 2017 (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012) and are codified at 50 CFR part 218, subpart X. These regulations include mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements for the incidental taking of marine mammals by the SURTASS LFA sonar system. For detailed information on this action, please refer to the August 20, 2012, Federal Register Notice and 50 CFR part 218, subpart X. Under those regulations, we must publish a notice of issuance of an Authorization or Authorization renewal in the Federal Register within 30 days of a determination. Summary of Request On April 5, 2016 we received an application from the Navy requesting a VerDate Sep<11>2014 15:05 Aug 17, 2016 Jkt 238001 renewal of four Authorizations, originally issued on August 15, 2012 (77 FR 51969, August 28, 2012) for the taking of marine mammals incidental to routine training, testing, and military operations of SURTASS LFA sonar in the western and central North Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean under the regulations issued on August 15, 2012 (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012): One for the United States Naval Ship (USNS) VICTORIOUS (T–AGOS 19), one for the USNS ABLE (T–AGOS 20), one for the USNS EFFECTIVE (T–AGOS 21), and one for the USNS IMPECCABLE (T– AGOS 23). NMFS considered the Navy’s application as adequate and complete on May 2, 2016. NMFS has renewed the first cohort of 2012 Authorizations on an annual basis in 2013 (78 FR 57368, September 18, 2013); 2014 (79 FR 49501, August 21, 2014); and again in 2015 (80 FR 48296). The Navy’s 2016 application for renewal requests that these four Authorizations become effective on August 15, 2016, for a period not to exceed one year. Summary of Activity Under the 2015 Authorizations The Navy submitted quarterly mission reports for the periods of August 2015 through May 2016 within the required timeframes. These quarterly reports include the dates and times of the military readiness activities; location of each SURTASS LFA sonar vessel; mission operational area; marine mammal observations; and records of any delays or suspensions of sonar operations. The Navy must also report on the number of marine mammals detected by visual, passive, and active acoustic monitoring and the estimated percentage of each marine mammal stock taken by Level A and Level B harassment. The reports indicate the following: • The Navy conducted a total of eight missions from August 15, 2015, through May 14, 2016, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, which totaled 20.56 mission days and resulted in 37.1 hours of LFA sonar transmissions (2.9% of the permitted sonar transmission time). • The total percentage of each marine mammal stock taken by Level B harassment has not exceeded the 12 percent cap. For each stock, the percentage of take was well below the levels authorized in the 2015 Authorizations. • The total percentage of each marine mammal stock taken by Level A harassment has not exceeded the levels authorized in the 2015 Authorizations. In fact, the Navy reported no incidences of Level A harassment takes. PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 The operational tempo, number of active transmission hours, marine mammal detections, behavioral observations, and level of anticipated take of marine mammals fall within the scope and nature of those contemplated by the final rule and authorized in the 2015 Authorizations. Monitoring Reports The Navy has submitted the monitoring reports on time as required under 50 CFR 218.236 and the 2015 Authorizations. We have reviewed these reports and determined them to be acceptable. Based on these reports, the Navy has not exceeded the average annual estimated usage of the four SURTASS LFA sonar systems and remains well within the take authorized. In accordance with the current SURTASS LFA sonar regulations (50 CFR 218.230), the Navy must submit an annual report to us no later than 45 days after the 2015 Authorizations have expired. Upon receipt, we will post the annual report at: https:// www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/ incidental/military.htm#surtass. Level of Taking for 2016 Authorizations Period For the 2016 to 2017 Authorization period, the Navy expects to conduct the same type and amount of routine training, testing, and military operations of SURTASS LFA sonar in the western and central North Pacific and Indian Oceans as they have in the northwest Pacific Ocean and the north-central Pacific Ocean requested under the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 Authorizations. Similarly, the Navy expects to remain within the annual take estimates analyzed in the final rule. We determined that the level of taking by incidental harassment from the activities described in the Authorizations and supporting application is consistent with the findings made for the total taking allowable under the 2012 final rule. Compliance With Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Measures Based on our review of the Navy’s quarterly mission reports, the Navy complied with the required visual, passive, and acoustic monitoring measures in the final rule and previous Authorizations. The Navy also followed the required shutdown and other protocols for mitigating impacts to marine mammals while conducting operations. The Navy is also complying with required measures under 50 CFR 218.236(d) to gain and share information on the species. The Navy E:\FR\FM\18AUN1.SGM 18AUN1 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 160 / Thursday, August 18, 2016 / Notices reports that they are continuing to work on information transfer, declassification and archiving of ambient noise data from the Navy’s Integrated Undersea Surveillance System to the public. Based on the foregoing information and the Navy’s application, we determined that the mitigation, monitoring, and reporting measures required under 50 CFR 218.234, .235, and .236 and NMFS’ 2013–2014; 2014– 2015; and 2015–2016 Authorizations were undertaken and will be undertaken during the period of validity of the renewed 2016–2017 Authorizations. rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES Adaptive Management The final rule and the previous Authorizations include an adaptive management framework that allows us to consider new information and to determine (with input from the Navy regarding practicability) if modifications to mitigation and/or monitoring measures are appropriate and practicable. This framework includes a requirement for an annual meeting between NMFS and the Navy, if either agency deems it necessary. Section 218.241 of the final rule describes examples of the types of information that could contribute to the decision to modify the mitigation or monitoring measures, including: (a) Results from the Navy’s monitoring from the previous year’s operation of SURTASS LFA sonar; (b) compiled results of Navy-funded research and development studies; (c) results from specific stranding investigations; (d) results from general marine mammal and sound research funded by the Navy or other sponsors; and (e) any information that reveals marine mammals may have been taken in a manner, extent or number not anticipated by these regulations or subsequent Authorizations. None of the information reviewed by NMFS or the Navy resulted in any modifications to the existing mitigation or monitoring measures at this time with the exception of consideration of new information regarding potential OBIAs. Consideration of Areas as Potential OBIAs On April 7, 2016, we and the Navy convened a meeting to review and discuss consideration of possible additional Offshore Biologically Important Areas (OBIAs) and modification of existing OBIA boundaries. International and U.S. waters were evaluated to consider newly available peer-reviewed scientific data, information, or survey data on marine areas that may be eligible for consideration as OBIAs. This evaluation VerDate Sep<11>2014 15:05 Aug 17, 2016 Jkt 238001 also included review of information from the following sources: • Cetacean and Sound Mapping Working Group Biologically Important Areas (CetMap BIAs); • Marine Mammal Protected Area Task Force (MMPATF)—identified Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs); • World Database on Protected Areas (joint program of the International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] and the United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP]); • 2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas; • Convention on Biological Diversity; • Marine Protected Areas Global (Wood, 2007); • Marine Conservation Institute MPAtlas; and • Cetaceanhabitat.org Several areas were identified for consideration. Three of the proposed new OBIAs are in areas authorized under the 2016–2017 Authorizations. However, the Navy agrees to treat these areas as OBIAs and will not transmit SURTASS LFA sonar at received levels above 180 dB SPL (rms) within 0.54 nmi (1 km) of the boundary of these potential OBIAs during the periods of biologically important activities for the purpose of the 2016–2017 Authorizations pending a final decision on their designation. NMFS and Navy will be including a description of the evaluation of these new areas in the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement and rulemaking process for the new (2017) SURTASS LFA sonar operations. Litigation on Final Rule On July 15, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a decision in NRDC, et al. v. Pritzker, et al., which challenged NMFS’ 2012 final rule for SURTASS LFA sonar. The Ninth Circuit had not, however, issued a mandate in that case at the time the LOAs were issued. Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing On August 4, 2016, NMFS released its Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing (Guidance). This new guidance established new thresholds for predicting auditory injury, which equates to Level A harassment under the MMPA. In the Federal Register Notice (81 FR 51694), NMFS explained the approach it would take during a transition period, wherein we balance the need to consider this new best available science with the fact PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 55179 that some applicants have already committed time and resources to the development of analyses based on our previous guidance and have constraints that preclude the recalculation of take estimates, as well as where the action is in the agency’s decision-making pipeline. In that Notice, we included a non-exhaustive list of factors that would inform the most appropriate approach for considering the new Guidance, including: the scope of effects; how far in the process the applicant has progressed; when the authorization is needed; the cost and complexity of the analysis; and the degree to which the guidance is expected to affect our analysis. In this case, the Navy’s SURTASS LFA sonar rule was issued in 2012, this is the last remaining year of activity that will be authorized under this rule, and they need the authorization by August 12th in order to ensure continuity of operations. The SURTASS LFA sonar rule considers the potential for small numbers of cetaceans incurring auditory injury in the effects analysis and, as noted in the Final Rule, the Navy is authorized to take small numbers of cetaceans by Level A harassment as a precautionary measure even though quantitative analyses showed no Level A takes. The Navy has a robust and practicable monitoring and mitigation program that we believe is very effective in reducing the likelihood of injury. Additionally, we believe that a fair number of marine mammals will intentionally avoid approaching within distances of this slow-moving source that would result in injury. In summary, we have considered the new Guidance and believe that the likelihood of injury is adequately addressed in the analysis in the rule and appropriate protective measures are in place in the LOA. Authorization We have issued four Authorizations to the Navy, authorizing the incidental harassment of marine mammals, incidental to operating the four SURTASS LFA sonar systems for routine training, testing and use during military operations. Issuance of these four Authorizations is based on findings, described in the preamble to the final rule (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012) and supported by information contained in the Navy’s required reports on SURTASS LFA sonar and their application, that the activities described under these four Authorizations will have a negligible impact on marine mammal species or stocks and will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on their availability for taking for subsistence uses. E:\FR\FM\18AUN1.SGM 18AUN1 55180 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 160 / Thursday, August 18, 2016 / Notices These Authorizations remain valid through August 14, 2017, provided the Navy remains in conformance with the conditions of the regulations and the LOAs, and the mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements described in 50 CFR 218.230 through 218.241 (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012) and in the Authorizations are undertaken. Dated: August 12, 2016. Donna S. Wieting, Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2016–19673 Filed 8–17–16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510–22–P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request The Department of Commerce will submit to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for clearance the following proposal for collection of information under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35). Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Title: Basic Requirements for Special Exemption Permits and Authorizations to Take, Import, and Export Marine Mammals, Threatened and Endangered Species, and for Maintaining a Captive Marine Mammal Inventory Under the Marine Mammal Protection, the Fur Seal, and the Endangered Species Acts. OMB Control Number: 0648–0084. Form Number(s): None. Type of Request: Regular (revision and extension of a currently approved information collection). Number of Respondents: 536. Average Hours per Response: Scientific research permit applications, 50 hours; public display permit applications, 30 hours; photography permit applications, 10 hours; General Authorization applications, 10 hours; major permit modification requests, 35 hours; minor permit modification requests, 3 hours; scientific research permit reports, 12 hours; public display permit reports, 2 hours; photography permit reports, 2 hours; General Authorization reports, 8 hours; public display inventory reporting, 2 hours; and record keeping, 2 hours per permit or authorization type (including permits for scientific research, public display, photography, General Authorization; and retention or transfer of rehabilitated animals). Burden Hours: 7,265. VerDate Sep<11>2014 15:05 Aug 17, 2016 Jkt 238001 Needs and Uses: This request is for a revision and extension of a currently approved information collection. The Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.; MMPA), Fur Seal Act (16 U.S.C. 1151 et seq.; FSA), and Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; ESA) prohibit certain activities affecting marine mammals and endangered and threatened species, with exceptions. Pursuant to section 104 of the MMPA and Section 10(a)(1)(A) of the ESA, special exception permits may be obtained for scientific research and enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock of marine mammals or threatened or endangered species. Section 104 of the MMPA also includes permits for commercial and educational photography of marine mammals; import and capture of marine mammals for public display; and, Letters of Confirmation under the General Authorization for scientific research that involves minimal disturbance to marine mammals. The regulations implementing permits and reporting requirements under the MMPA and FSA are at 50 CFR part 216; the regulations for permit requirements under the ESA are at 50 CFR part 222. The required information in this collection is used to make the determinations required by the MMPA, ESA and their implementing regulations prior to issuing a permit; to establish appropriate permit conditions; and to evaluate the impacts of the proposed activity on protected species. Inventory reporting pertaining to marine mammals in public display facilities is required by the MMPA. This information collection applies to certain protected species for which NMFS is responsible, including cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises), pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), sawfish (largetooth and smalltooth), sea turtles (in water), and sturgeon (Atlantic and shortnose). The information collection may be used for future listed species. The currently approved application and reporting requirements will be revised to (1) create separate sections for marine mammals versus non-mammal species where doing so will result in less burden to the applicant (e.g., for scientific methods); (2) clarify to applicants why the information is required and what level of detail is needed for our analyses; (3) create ‘enhanced help’ features (e.g., pop-up windows) in the online application system, Authorizations and Permits for Protected Species (APPS; https:// apps.nmfs.noaa.gov/) to make the instructions more accessible; (4) create a streamlined application and online module in APPS for scientific research PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 permits involving only import, export, or receipt of biological samples (i.e., where no animals in the wild are affected); (5) make photography permit applications accessible via APPS. Affected Public: Individuals or households; business or other for-profit organizations; not-for-profit institutions; state, local and tribal government. Frequency: Annually and on occasion. Respondent’s Obligation: Mandatory. This information collection request may be viewed at reginfo.gov. Follow the instructions to view Department of Commerce collections currently under review by OMB. Written comments and recommendations for the proposed information collection should be sent within 30 days of publication of this notice to OIRA_Submission@ omb.eop.gov or fax to (202) 395–5806. Sarah Brabson, NOAA PRA Clearance Officer. [FR Doc. 2016–19681 Filed 8–17–16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510–22–P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648–XE813 Pacific Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; public meeting. AGENCY: The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s (Pacific Council) Salmon Technical Team (STT) and Model Evaluation Workgroup (MEW) will hold a webinar, which is open to the public, to discuss and make recommendations on issues on the Council’s September 2016 agenda. DATES: The webinar will be held on Friday, September 2, from 1:30 p.m. until business for the day is complete. ADDRESSES: To attend the webinar, visit: https://www.gotomeeting.com/online/ webinar/join-webinar. Enter the Webinar ID, which is 152–433–643, and your name and email address (required). After logging in to the webinar, please: dial this TOLL number +1 (562)–247– 8422 (not a toll-free number), enter the Attendee phone audio access code 724– 010–245, and then enter your audio phone pin (shown after joining the webinar). Participants are required to use their telephone, as this is the best practice to avoid technical issues and SUMMARY: E:\FR\FM\18AUN1.SGM 18AUN1

Agencies

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 160 (Thursday, August 18, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 55177-55180]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-19673]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

RIN 0648-XE781


Taking and Importing Marine Mammals: Taking Marine Mammals 
Incidental to Navy Operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System 
Low Frequency Active Sonar

AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION: Notice; issuance of four Letters of Authorization.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: In accordance with regulations issued under the Marine Mammal 
Protection Act, as amended, we hereby give notification that we, the 
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), have issued four one-year 
Letters of Authorization (Authorizations) to the U.S. Navy (Navy) to 
take marine mammals by harassment incidental to their military 
readiness activities associated with the routine training, testing, and 
military operations of Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low 
Frequency Active (SURTASS LFA) sonar within the western and central 
North Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.

DATES: These Authorizations are effective from August 15, 2016, through 
August 14, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Electronic copies of the Navy's April 5, 2016 application 
letter and the Authorizations are available by writing to Jolie 
Harrison, Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected 
Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, 
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3225, by telephoning the contact listed here 
(See FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT), or online at: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/incidental/military.htm#surtass. The 
public may view the documents cited in this notice, by appointment, 
during regular business hours, at the aforementioned address.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale Youngkin, Office of Protected 
Resources, NMFS (301) 427-8401.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    Section 101(a)(5)(A) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA; 16 
U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) directs the Secretary of Commerce to allow, upon 
request, the incidental, but not intentional taking of marine mammals 
by U.S. citizens if

[[Page 55178]]

certain findings are made and regulations are issued. Under the MMPA, 
the term ``take'' means to harass, hunt, capture, or kill or to attempt 
to harass, hunt, capture, or kill marine mammals. We, NMFS, have been 
delegated the authority to issue such regulations and Authorizations.
    With respect to military readiness activities, the MMPA defines 
harassment as ``(i) any act that injures or has the significant 
potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild 
[Level A harassment]; or (ii) any act that disturbs or is likely to 
disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing 
disruption of natural behavioral patterns, including, but not limited 
to, migration, surfacing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering, to 
a point where such behavioral patterns are abandoned or significantly 
altered [Level B harassment].''
    Authorization may be granted for periods of five years or less if 
we find that the total taking will have a negligible impact on the 
affected species or stock(s) and will not have an unmitigable adverse 
impact on the availability of the species or stock(s) for taking for 
certain subsistence uses. In addition, we must prescribe regulations 
that include permissible methods of taking and other means effecting 
the least practicable adverse impact on the species or stock and its 
habitat, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and 
areas of similar significance, and on the availability of the species 
or stocks for taking for subsistence uses. The regulations also must 
include requirements pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such 
taking.
    Regulations governing the taking of marine mammals incidental to 
the Navy's routine training, testing, and military operations of 
SURTASS LFA sonar are in effect through August 15, 2017 (77 FR 50290, 
August 20, 2012) and are codified at 50 CFR part 218, subpart X. These 
regulations include mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements 
for the incidental taking of marine mammals by the SURTASS LFA sonar 
system. For detailed information on this action, please refer to the 
August 20, 2012, Federal Register Notice and 50 CFR part 218, subpart 
X. Under those regulations, we must publish a notice of issuance of an 
Authorization or Authorization renewal in the Federal Register within 
30 days of a determination.

Summary of Request

    On April 5, 2016 we received an application from the Navy 
requesting a renewal of four Authorizations, originally issued on 
August 15, 2012 (77 FR 51969, August 28, 2012) for the taking of marine 
mammals incidental to routine training, testing, and military 
operations of SURTASS LFA sonar in the western and central North 
Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean under the regulations issued on August 
15, 2012 (77 FR 50290, August 20, 2012): One for the United States 
Naval Ship (USNS) VICTORIOUS (T-AGOS 19), one for the USNS ABLE (T-AGOS 
20), one for the USNS EFFECTIVE (T-AGOS 21), and one for the USNS 
IMPECCABLE (T-AGOS 23). NMFS considered the Navy's application as 
adequate and complete on May 2, 2016.
    NMFS has renewed the first cohort of 2012 Authorizations on an 
annual basis in 2013 (78 FR 57368, September 18, 2013); 2014 (79 FR 
49501, August 21, 2014); and again in 2015 (80 FR 48296). The Navy's 
2016 application for renewal requests that these four Authorizations 
become effective on August 15, 2016, for a period not to exceed one 
year.

Summary of Activity Under the 2015 Authorizations

    The Navy submitted quarterly mission reports for the periods of 
August 2015 through May 2016 within the required timeframes. These 
quarterly reports include the dates and times of the military readiness 
activities; location of each SURTASS LFA sonar vessel; mission 
operational area; marine mammal observations; and records of any delays 
or suspensions of sonar operations. The Navy must also report on the 
number of marine mammals detected by visual, passive, and active 
acoustic monitoring and the estimated percentage of each marine mammal 
stock taken by Level A and Level B harassment. The reports indicate the 
following:
     The Navy conducted a total of eight missions from August 
15, 2015, through May 14, 2016, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, 
which totaled 20.56 mission days and resulted in 37.1 hours of LFA 
sonar transmissions (2.9% of the permitted sonar transmission time).
     The total percentage of each marine mammal stock taken by 
Level B harassment has not exceeded the 12 percent cap. For each stock, 
the percentage of take was well below the levels authorized in the 2015 
Authorizations.
     The total percentage of each marine mammal stock taken by 
Level A harassment has not exceeded the levels authorized in the 2015 
Authorizations. In fact, the Navy reported no incidences of Level A 
harassment takes.
    The operational tempo, number of active transmission hours, marine 
mammal detections, behavioral observations, and level of anticipated 
take of marine mammals fall within the scope and nature of those 
contemplated by the final rule and authorized in the 2015 
Authorizations.

Monitoring Reports

    The Navy has submitted the monitoring reports on time as required 
under 50 CFR 218.236 and the 2015 Authorizations. We have reviewed 
these reports and determined them to be acceptable. Based on these 
reports, the Navy has not exceeded the average annual estimated usage 
of the four SURTASS LFA sonar systems and remains well within the take 
authorized. In accordance with the current SURTASS LFA sonar 
regulations (50 CFR 218.230), the Navy must submit an annual report to 
us no later than 45 days after the 2015 Authorizations have expired. 
Upon receipt, we will post the annual report at: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/incidental/military.htm#surtass.

Level of Taking for 2016 Authorizations Period

    For the 2016 to 2017 Authorization period, the Navy expects to 
conduct the same type and amount of routine training, testing, and 
military operations of SURTASS LFA sonar in the western and central 
North Pacific and Indian Oceans as they have in the northwest Pacific 
Ocean and the north-central Pacific Ocean requested under the 2012, 
2013, 2014, and 2015 Authorizations. Similarly, the Navy expects to 
remain within the annual take estimates analyzed in the final rule. We 
determined that the level of taking by incidental harassment from the 
activities described in the Authorizations and supporting application 
is consistent with the findings made for the total taking allowable 
under the 2012 final rule.

Compliance With Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting Measures

    Based on our review of the Navy's quarterly mission reports, the 
Navy complied with the required visual, passive, and acoustic 
monitoring measures in the final rule and previous Authorizations. The 
Navy also followed the required shutdown and other protocols for 
mitigating impacts to marine mammals while conducting operations.
    The Navy is also complying with required measures under 50 CFR 
218.236(d) to gain and share information on the species. The Navy

[[Page 55179]]

reports that they are continuing to work on information transfer, 
declassification and archiving of ambient noise data from the Navy's 
Integrated Undersea Surveillance System to the public.
    Based on the foregoing information and the Navy's application, we 
determined that the mitigation, monitoring, and reporting measures 
required under 50 CFR 218.234, .235, and .236 and NMFS' 2013-2014; 
2014-2015; and 2015-2016 Authorizations were undertaken and will be 
undertaken during the period of validity of the renewed 2016-2017 
Authorizations.

Adaptive Management

    The final rule and the previous Authorizations include an adaptive 
management framework that allows us to consider new information and to 
determine (with input from the Navy regarding practicability) if 
modifications to mitigation and/or monitoring measures are appropriate 
and practicable. This framework includes a requirement for an annual 
meeting between NMFS and the Navy, if either agency deems it necessary.
    Section 218.241 of the final rule describes examples of the types 
of information that could contribute to the decision to modify the 
mitigation or monitoring measures, including: (a) Results from the 
Navy's monitoring from the previous year's operation of SURTASS LFA 
sonar; (b) compiled results of Navy-funded research and development 
studies; (c) results from specific stranding investigations; (d) 
results from general marine mammal and sound research funded by the 
Navy or other sponsors; and (e) any information that reveals marine 
mammals may have been taken in a manner, extent or number not 
anticipated by these regulations or subsequent Authorizations. None of 
the information reviewed by NMFS or the Navy resulted in any 
modifications to the existing mitigation or monitoring measures at this 
time with the exception of consideration of new information regarding 
potential OBIAs.

Consideration of Areas as Potential OBIAs

    On April 7, 2016, we and the Navy convened a meeting to review and 
discuss consideration of possible additional Offshore Biologically 
Important Areas (OBIAs) and modification of existing OBIA boundaries. 
International and U.S. waters were evaluated to consider newly 
available peer-reviewed scientific data, information, or survey data on 
marine areas that may be eligible for consideration as OBIAs. This 
evaluation also included review of information from the following 
sources:
     Cetacean and Sound Mapping Working Group Biologically 
Important Areas (CetMap BIAs);
     Marine Mammal Protected Area Task Force (MMPATF)--
identified Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs);
     World Database on Protected Areas (joint program of the 
International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] and the United 
Nations Environment Programme [UNEP]);
     2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas;
     Convention on Biological Diversity;
     Marine Protected Areas Global (Wood, 2007);
     Marine Conservation Institute MPAtlas; and
     Cetaceanhabitat.org
    Several areas were identified for consideration. Three of the 
proposed new OBIAs are in areas authorized under the 2016-2017 
Authorizations. However, the Navy agrees to treat these areas as OBIAs 
and will not transmit SURTASS LFA sonar at received levels above 180 dB 
SPL (rms) within 0.54 nmi (1 km) of the boundary of these potential 
OBIAs during the periods of biologically important activities for the 
purpose of the 2016-2017 Authorizations pending a final decision on 
their designation. NMFS and Navy will be including a description of the 
evaluation of these new areas in the Draft Supplemental Environmental 
Impact Statement and rulemaking process for the new (2017) SURTASS LFA 
sonar operations.

Litigation on Final Rule

    On July 15, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 
issued a decision in NRDC, et al. v. Pritzker, et al., which challenged 
NMFS' 2012 final rule for SURTASS LFA sonar. The Ninth Circuit had not, 
however, issued a mandate in that case at the time the LOAs were 
issued.

Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on 
Marine Mammal Hearing

    On August 4, 2016, NMFS released its Technical Guidance for 
Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing 
(Guidance). This new guidance established new thresholds for predicting 
auditory injury, which equates to Level A harassment under the MMPA. In 
the Federal Register Notice (81 FR 51694), NMFS explained the approach 
it would take during a transition period, wherein we balance the need 
to consider this new best available science with the fact that some 
applicants have already committed time and resources to the development 
of analyses based on our previous guidance and have constraints that 
preclude the recalculation of take estimates, as well as where the 
action is in the agency's decision-making pipeline. In that Notice, we 
included a non-exhaustive list of factors that would inform the most 
appropriate approach for considering the new Guidance, including: the 
scope of effects; how far in the process the applicant has progressed; 
when the authorization is needed; the cost and complexity of the 
analysis; and the degree to which the guidance is expected to affect 
our analysis. In this case, the Navy's SURTASS LFA sonar rule was 
issued in 2012, this is the last remaining year of activity that will 
be authorized under this rule, and they need the authorization by 
August 12th in order to ensure continuity of operations. The SURTASS 
LFA sonar rule considers the potential for small numbers of cetaceans 
incurring auditory injury in the effects analysis and, as noted in the 
Final Rule, the Navy is authorized to take small numbers of cetaceans 
by Level A harassment as a precautionary measure even though 
quantitative analyses showed no Level A takes. The Navy has a robust 
and practicable monitoring and mitigation program that we believe is 
very effective in reducing the likelihood of injury. Additionally, we 
believe that a fair number of marine mammals will intentionally avoid 
approaching within distances of this slow-moving source that would 
result in injury. In summary, we have considered the new Guidance and 
believe that the likelihood of injury is adequately addressed in the 
analysis in the rule and appropriate protective measures are in place 
in the LOA.

Authorization

    We have issued four Authorizations to the Navy, authorizing the 
incidental harassment of marine mammals, incidental to operating the 
four SURTASS LFA sonar systems for routine training, testing and use 
during military operations. Issuance of these four Authorizations is 
based on findings, described in the preamble to the final rule (77 FR 
50290, August 20, 2012) and supported by information contained in the 
Navy's required reports on SURTASS LFA sonar and their application, 
that the activities described under these four Authorizations will have 
a negligible impact on marine mammal species or stocks and will not 
have an unmitigable adverse impact on their availability for taking for 
subsistence uses.

[[Page 55180]]

    These Authorizations remain valid through August 14, 2017, provided 
the Navy remains in conformance with the conditions of the regulations 
and the LOAs, and the mitigation, monitoring, and reporting 
requirements described in 50 CFR 218.230 through 218.241 (77 FR 50290, 
August 20, 2012) and in the Authorizations are undertaken.

    Dated: August 12, 2016.
Donna S. Wieting,
Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2016-19673 Filed 8-17-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3510-22-P
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