Amateur Radio Service Rules To Permit Greater Flexibility in Data Communications, 53388-53391 [2016-19085]
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 156 / Friday, August 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules
§ 10.22 Covered entity information
requests.
(a) A covered entity must submit a
written request for additional
information necessary to support its
claim to the 340B ADR Panel within 20
business days of the claim acceptance
date. The 340B ADR Panel will review
the information request and notify the
covered entity if the information request
is beyond the scope of the claim and
will permit the covered entity to
resubmit a revised information request
if necessary.
(b) The 340B ADR Panel will submit
the covered entity’s information request
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to the request within 20 business days.
(c) The manufacturer must fully
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(1) A manufacturer is responsible for
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information request by the deadline, it
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(3) A request to extend the deadline
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(4) The 340B ADR Panel may approve
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extension of time and will notify all
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§ 10.23
Final agency decision.
(a) The 340B ADR Panel will review
documents submitted by the parties and
determine if there is adequate support to
conclude that a violation as described in
paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of § 10.21 has
occurred.
(1) The 340B ADR Panel will prepare
a draft agency decision letter based on
its review and evaluation of all
documents submitted by the parties,
including documents provided as
required in paragraph (b) of § 10.21,
information requests in support of a
claim, and responses to a claim.
(2) The draft agency decision letter
will be sent to all parties and will
include the 340B ADR Panel’s
preliminary findings regarding the
alleged violation.
(3) All parties will have 20 business
days to respond to the 340B ADR
Panel’s draft agency decision letter.
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(b) The 340B ADR Panel will review
the responses of all parties in producing
the final agency decision letter.
(1) The final agency decision letter
will represent the decision of a majority
of the 340B ADR Panel’s findings
regarding the claim and discuss the
findings supporting the decision.
(2) The 340B ADR Panel will submit
the binding final agency decision letter
to all parties, and to HRSA, as
necessary, for appropriate enforcement
action.
[FR Doc. 2016–18969 Filed 8–11–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4165–15–P
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
47 CFR Part 97
[WT Docket No. 16–239; FCC 16–96]
Amateur Radio Service Rules To
Permit Greater Flexibility in Data
Communications
Federal Communications
Commission.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
AGENCY:
In this document, the Federal
Communications Commission
(Commission) seeks comment on
proposed amendments regarding
technical standards applicable to data
communications that may be
transmitted in the Amateur Radio
Service. Specifically, we propose to
remove limitations on the symbol rate
(also known as the baud rate) applicable
to data emissions in certain amateur
bands. We believe that this rule change
will allow amateur service licensees to
use modern digital emissions, thereby
better fulfilling the purposes of the
amateur service and enhancing its
usefulness.
SUMMARY:
Submit comments on or before
October 11, 2016, and reply comments
are due on or before November 10, 2016.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments,
identified by WT Docket No. 16–239, by
any of the following methods:
• Federal Communications
Commission’s Web site: https://
apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Mail: Federal Communications
Commission, 445 12th Street SW.,
Washington, DC 20554.
• People with Disabilities: Contact the
FCC to request reasonable
accommodations (accessible format
documents, sign language interpreters,
CART, etc.) by email: FCC504@fcc.gov
or phone: 202–418–0530 or TTY: 202–
418–0432.
DATES:
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Scot
Stone, Scot.Stone@fcc.gov, Wireless
Telecommunications Bureau, (202) 418–
0638, or TTY (202) 418–7233.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a
summary of the Commission’s Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), adopted
July 27, 2016 and released July 28, 2016.
The full text of this document is
available for public inspection and
copying during regular business hours
in the FCC Reference Center, Federal
Communications Commission, 445 12th
Street SW., Room CY–A257,
Washington, DC 20554. The complete
text may be purchased from the
Commission’s copy contractor, 445 12th
Street, SW., Room CY–B402,
Washington, DC 20554. This document
will also be available via ECFS at https://
fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs/. Documents will
be available electronically in ASCII,
Microsoft Word, and/or Adobe Acrobat.
Alternative formats are available for
people with disabilities (Braille, large
print, electronic files, audio format) by
sending an email to fcc504@fcc.gov or
calling the Commission’s Consumer and
Governmental Affairs Bureau at (202)
418–0530 (voice), (202) 418–0432
(TTY).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
I. Introduction
1. In the NPRM, we propose, in
response to a petition for rulemaking
filed by the AmericanRadio Relay
League, Inc. (ARRL), to amend part 97
of the Commission’s rules regarding
technical standards applicable to data
communications that may be
transmitted in the Amateur Radio
Service. Specifically, we propose to
remove limitations on the symbol rate
(also known as baud rate)—the rate at
which the carrier waveform amplitude,
frequency, and/or phase is varied to
transmit information—applicable to
data emissions in certain amateur
bands. We believe that this rule change
will allow amateur service licensees to
use modern digital emissions, thereby
better fulfilling the purposes of the
amateur service and enhancing its
usefulness.
II. Background
2. The limitations on radioteletype
(RTTY) and data transmissions below
450 MHz vary depending on the
frequency band, and on whether the
digital code used to encode the signal
being transmitted is one of the codes
specified in section 97.309(a) of the
Commission’s rules—Baudot, AMTOR,
and ASCII (the ‘‘specified digital
codes’’). Section 97.307(f) limits the
symbol rate for the specified digital
codes, and the bandwidth for
unspecified digital codes, as follows:
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The specified digital codes may be used
with a symbol rate not exceeding 300
bauds for frequencies below 28 MHz
(except the 60 meter (5.3305–5.4064
MHz) band), and 1200 bauds in the 10
meter (28–29.7 MHz) band; in the 6
meter (50–54 MHz) and 2 meter (144–
148 MHz) bands, the specified digital
codes may be used with a symbol rate
not exceeding 19.6 kilobauds, and
unspecified digital codes may be used
with a bandwidth not exceeding 20
kilohertz; in the 1.25 meter (219–225
MHz) and 70 centimeter (420–450 MHz)
bands, the specified digital codes may
be used with a symbol rate not
exceeding 56 kilobauds, and
unspecified digital codes may be used
with a bandwidth not exceeding 100
kilohertz. An amateur station
transmitting a RTTY or data emission
using one of the specified digital codes
may use any technique whose technical
characteristics have been documented
publicly, such as CLOVER, G–TOR, or
PACTOR, for the purpose of facilitating
communications.
III. Discussion
3. Symbol rate limit. We tentatively
agree with ARRL that the baud rate
limits should be eliminated, and
propose to amend part 97 accordingly.
As ARRL notes, digital emissions were
‘‘in their early stages and
experimentation with them was
limited’’ at that time, and ‘‘the state of
the art in HF digital communications
has advanced substantially’’ since then.
Indeed, the Commission observed in
1993 that ‘‘as technology progresses the
rules may become unnecessarily
restrictive, particularly with regard to
the permissible baud rate.’’ For
example, ARRL points out that PACTOR
3, which has a data rate of up to 3600
bits per second and a symbol rate of 100
bauds, is permitted in the HF bands; but
PACTOR 4, which is capable of a data
rate of 5800 bits per second without
occupying any more spectrum, is
prohibited at HF by the current rules
because it has a symbol rate of 1800
bauds. Thus, ARRL argues, the current
baud rate limits permit, if not actually
encourage, inefficient spectrum
utilization.
4. Many commenters agree that the
baud rate restriction should be
eliminated, and we seek comment on
the reasons supporting such a view. For
example, one commenter states that
‘‘part of the purpose of the amateur
radio service is the advancement of
radio and communications technology.
Denying the ability to research and
implement higher symbol rates directly
contradicts the very purpose for amateur
radio.’’ Another commenter notes that
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‘‘[t]he rest of the amateur radio
operators in the world do not have this
restrictive symbol rate requirement that
is in the current part 97’’ and
eliminating this restriction will allow
the Emergency Communications
Community to ‘‘benefit by being better
able to meet its mission.’’ Many
commenters cite permitting PACTOR 4
at HF as a reason for changing the rule,
particularly to facilitate more efficient
transmission of emergency
communications. Other commenters,
however, are concerned that facilitating
faster data throughput will actually
increase congestion by encouraging the
transmission of larger amounts of data
and new types of content.
5. We tentatively agree that a baud
rate restriction has become unnecessary
due to advances in modulation
techniques, and no longer serves a
useful purpose. Our rules do not impose
a symbol rate limit on data emissions in
any other amateur bands or in any other
radio service. In addition, removing the
baud rate restriction could encourage
individuals to more fully utilize the
amateur service in experimentation and
could promote innovation, more
efficient use of the radio spectrum
currently allocated to the amateur
service, and the ability of the amateur
service to support public safety efforts
in the event of an emergency.
Facilitating the ability of the amateur
service to transmit and experiment with
technologies currently used in
consumer and commercial products
furthers this goal. Consequently, we
propose to remove the baud rate limits
in section 97.307(f). We seek comment
on this proposal. In particular, we seek
comment on whether eliminating the
baud rate limits would improve amateur
communications, or would instead
increase congestion. Regarding the
likelihood that eliminating the baud rate
limitation would increase congestion,
we seek comment on whether the costs
of such an increase are outweighed by
the benefits that are likely to flow from
the elimination of the limits, and
whether there are ways to mitigate these
costs without losing the benefits of the
proposed initiative. More generally, we
seek comment on whether there are
other costs and benefits to the proposal
and, when weighing all the factors,
whether the benefits of the proposal
outweigh its costs. Commenters
opposed to eliminating the baud rate
limits should also explain whether their
concerns relate to all of the bands at
issue, or only certain spectrum.
6. We decline, however, to propose to
add a 2.8 kilohertz bandwidth limitation
for RTTY and data emissions in the MF/
HF bands as requested by the ARRL
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53389
Petition. ARRL cites the 60 meter band
as precedent for imposing a 2.8
kilohertz bandwidth limitation on data
emissions, which ARRL states ‘‘would
accommodate the HF data emissions
that are in common use today.’’ The
commenters who support eliminating
the baud rate restriction also generally
agree with the ARRL’s requested 2.8
kilohertz bandwidth limitation, but
others who support eliminating the
baud rate restriction favor a narrower
bandwidth limitation in order to protect
low-bandwidth modes of
communication.
7. After reviewing the record, we
tentatively conclude that a specific
bandwidth limitation for RTTY and data
emissions in the MF/HF bands is not
necessary. We note that only the digital
codes specified in section 97.309(a) may
be used for MF/HF data emissions, and
our rules do not impose any specific
bandwidth limitation on use of the
specified digital codes in any frequency
band other than the 60 meter band. The
60 meter band cited by ARRL is a
special case, however, given that
amateur operators are permitted to
operate only on specific frequencies
rather than across the entire band, and
are permitted to use only particular data
and RTTY emission designators, in
order to protect primary Federal voice
operations in the band. Section
97.307(a) of the Commission’s rules
already provides that no amateur station
transmission shall occupy more
bandwidth than necessary for the
information rate and emission type
being transmitted, in accordance with
good amateur practice, and section
97.307(c) already prohibits interference
from spurious emissions (i.e., emissions
outside the necessary bandwidth). The
methods to be used in calculating the
necessary bandwidth of various
emissions are specified in section 2.202
of the Commission’s rules. We
tentatively conclude that such rules are
sufficient to help protect against
inefficient use or other abuse of the
spectrum identified by commenters, and
will accomplish ARRL’s stated reason
for proposing a bandwidth limitation of
facilitating sharing among amateur
licensees.
8. We also observe that while a 2.8
kilohertz bandwidth limitation would
accommodate HF data emissions that
are in common use today, such a
limitation could, at the same time,
undermine the goal—fundamental to the
amateur service—of encouraging
advances in technology if amateur radio
operators were thereby prevented from
stepping beyond today’s radio science.
Imposing a maximum bandwidth would
result in a loss of flexibility to develop
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 156 / Friday, August 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules
and improve technologies as licensees’
operating interests change and new
technologies are developed. We seek
comment on these tentative
conclusions.
9. While we tentatively conclude that
a specific bandwidth limitation for
RTTY and data emissions in the MF/HF
bands is not necessary, we nonetheless
request comment on whether we should
establish emission bandwidth standards
for amateur service MF/HF RTTY and
data emissions. Commenters favoring
such action should address what the
maximum bandwidth should be, the
basis for the particular limitation the
commenter proposes, and whether the
limit should apply across the bands or
only in particular subbands.
Commenters should explain the grounds
for departing from the generally
applicable standards.
IV. Conclusion
10. In summary, we believe that the
public interest may be served by
revising the amateur service rules to
eliminate the current baud rate
limitations for data emissions consistent
with ARRL’s Petition to allow amateur
service licensees to use modern digital
emissions, thereby furthering the
purposes of the amateur service and
enhancing the usefulness of the service.
We do not, however, propose a
bandwidth limitation for data emissions
in the MF and HF bands to replace the
baud rate limitations, because the rules’
current approach for limiting bandwidth
use by amateur stations using one of the
specified digital codes to encode the
signal being transmitted appears
sufficient to ensure that general access
to the band by licensees in the amateur
service does not become unduly
impaired.
V. Procedural Matters
11. Initial Regulatory Flexibility
Certification. The Regulatory Flexibility
Act (RFA) requires an initial regulatory
flexibility analysis to be prepared for
notice and comment rulemaking
proceedings, unless the agency certifies
that ‘‘the rule will not, if promulgated,
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.’’
The RFA generally defines the term
‘‘small entity’’ as having the same
meaning as the terms ‘‘small business,’’
‘‘small organization,’’ and ‘‘small
governmental jurisdiction.’’ In addition,
the term ‘‘small business’’ has the same
meaning as the term ‘‘small business
concern’’ under the Small Business Act.
A ‘‘small business concern’’ is one
which: (1) Is independently owned and
operated; (2) is not dominant in its field
of operation; and (3) satisfies any
additional criteria established by the
Small Business Administration (SBA).
12. In the NPRM, we propose to
amend the amateur service rules to
change a technical rule applicable to
data emissions that an amateur radio
operator may use in his or her
communications with other amateur
radio operators. Because ‘‘small
entities,’’ as defined in the Regulatory
Flexibility Act, do not include a
‘‘person’’ as the term is used in this
proceeding or an individual, the
proposed rules do not apply to ‘‘small
entities.’’ Rather, they apply exclusively
to individuals who hold certain
Commission authorizations. Therefore,
we certify that the proposal in this
NPRM, if adopted, will not have a
significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
13. Paperwork Reduction Analysis.
This document does not contain
proposed information collection(s)
subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (PRA), Public Law 104–13. In
addition, therefore, it does not contain
any new or modified information
collection burden for small business
concerns with fewer than 25 employees,
pursuant to the Small Business
Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public
Law 107–198, see 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(4).
VI. Ordering Clauses
14. It is ordered that, pursuant to
Sections 4(i), 303(r), and 403 of the
Wavelength band
*
*
List of Subjects in 47 CFR Part 97
Radio.
Federal Communications Commission.
Gloria J Miles,
Federal Register Liaison Officer. Office of the
Secretary.
Proposed Rules
For the reasons discussed in the
preamble, the Federal Communications
Commission proposes to amend 47 CFR
part 97 as follows:
PART 97—AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE
1. The authority citation for part 97
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 48 Stat. 1066, 1082, as
amended; 47 U.S.C. 154, 303. Interpret or
apply 48 Stat. 1064–1068, 1081–1105, as
amended; 47 U.S.C. 151–155, 301–609,
unless otherwise noted.
2. Section 97.305 is amended by
revising the entry for 28.0–28.3 MHz in
the table in paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
■
§ 97.305
*
Frequencies
*
Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, 47 U.S.C. 154(i), 303(r), and
403, that this Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking is hereby adopted.
15. It is further ordered that, pursuant
to section 1.407 of the Commission’s
rules, 47 CFR 1.407, the Petition for
Rulemaking, RM–11708, filed by the
American Radio Relay League, Inc., on
November 15, 2013 is granted to the
extent indicated herein, and is
otherwise denied.
16. It is further ordered that the
Commission’s Consumer and
Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference
Information Center, shall send a copy of
this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,
including the Initial Regulatory
Flexibility Certification, to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small
Business Administration.
Authorized emission types.
*
*
(c) * * *
*
*
Emission types authorized
*
*
*
Standards see
§ 97.307(f),
paragraph:
*
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HF:
*
*
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*
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28.0–28.3 MHz ........................................
*
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RTTY, data ..............................................
*
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12AUP1
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(3).
*
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 156 / Friday, August 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules
3. Section 97.307 is amended by
revising paragraph (f)(3), removing and
reserving paragraph (f)(4), and revising
paragraphs (f)(5) and (6) to read as
follows:
■
§ 97.307
Emission standards.
*
*
*
*
*
(f) * * *
(3) Only an RTTY or data emission
using a specified digital code listed in
§ 97.309(a) of this part may be
transmitted.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) An RTTY, data or multiplexed
emission using a specified digital code
listed in § 97.309(a) of this part may be
transmitted. An RTTY, data or
multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the
limitations listed in § 97.309(b) of this
part also may be transmitted, provided
the bandwidth does not exceed 20 kHz.
(6) An RTTY, data or multiplexed
emission using a specified digital code
listed in § 97.309(a) of this part may be
transmitted. An RTTY, data or
multiplexed emission using an
unspecified digital code under the
limitations listed in § 97.309(b) of this
part also may be transmitted, provided
the bandwidth does not exceed 100 kHz.
*
*
*
*
*
[FR Doc. 2016–19085 Filed 8–11–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6712–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 20
[Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2016–0051;
FF09M21200–156–FXMB1231099BPP0]
RIN 1018–BB40
Migratory Bird Hunting; Supplemental
Proposals for Migratory Game Bird
Hunting Regulations for the 2017–18
Hunting Season; Notice of Meetings
AGENCY:
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Interior.
Proposed rule; supplemental.
ACTION:
We, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service), proposed in
an earlier document this year to
establish annual hunting regulations for
certain migratory game birds for the
2017–18 hunting season. This
supplement to that proposed rule
provides the regulatory alternatives for
the 2017–18 duck hunting seasons,
announces the Service Migratory Bird
Regulations Committee (SRC) and
Flyway Council meetings, and provides
Flyway Council recommendations
resulting from their March meetings.
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SUMMARY:
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Comments: We will accept
comments on this proposed rule and
any subsequent proposed rules resulting
from upcoming SRC meetings until
January 15, 2017.
Meetings: The SRC will meet to
consider and develop proposed
regulations for the 2017–18 migratory
game bird hunting seasons on October
25–26, 2016. Meetings on both days will
commence at approximately 8:30 a.m.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments
on the proposals by one of the following
methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments
on Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2016–
0051.
• U.S. mail or hand-delivery: Public
Comments Processing, Attn: FWS–HQ–
MB–2016–0051; Division of Policy,
Performance, and Management
Programs; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, MS: BPHC; 5275 Leesburg Pike,
Falls Church, VA 22041.
We will not accept emailed or faxed
comments. We will post all comments
on https://www.regulations.gov. This
generally means that your entire
submission—including any personal
identifying information—will be posted
on the Web site. See the Public
Comments section, below, for more
information.
Meetings: The October 25–26, 2016,
SRC meeting will be at the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 5600 American
Boulevard, Bloomington, MN 55437.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ron
W. Kokel at: Division of Migratory Bird
Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Department of the Interior, MS:
MB, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church,
VA 22041; (703) 358–1714.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
DATES:
New Process for the Annual Migratory
Game Bird Hunting Regulations
As part of the Department of the
Interior’s retrospective regulatory
review, we developed a schedule for
migratory game bird hunting regulations
that is more efficient and provides
hunting season dates much earlier than
was possible under the old process. The
new process makes planning much
easier for the States and all parties
interested in migratory bird hunting.
Beginning last year with the
development of the 2016–17 hunting
seasons, we are using a new schedule
for establishing our annual migratory
game bird hunting regulations. We
combine the previously used early- and
late-season regulatory processes into a
single process, and make decisions for
harvest management based on
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53391
predictions derived from long-term
biological information and established
harvest strategies to establish migratory
bird hunting seasons much earlier than
the system we used for many years.
Under the new process, we develop
proposed hunting season frameworks
for a given year in the fall of the prior
year. We then finalize those frameworks
a few months later, thereby enabling the
State agencies to select and publish
their season dates in early summer. We
provided a detailed overview of the new
process in the June 10, 2016, Federal
Register (81 FR 38050). This proposed
rule is the second in a series of
proposed and final rules for the
establishment of the 2017–18 hunting
seasons.
Service Migratory Bird Regulations
Committee Meetings
The SRC will meet October 25–26,
2016, to review information on the
current status of migratory game birds
and develop 2017–18 migratory game
bird regulations recommendations for
these species. In accordance with
Departmental policy, these meetings are
open to public observation. You may
submit written comments to the Service
on the matters discussed.
Announcement of Flyway Council
Meetings
Service representatives will be
present at the individual meetings of the
four Flyway Councils this August,
September, and October. Although
agendas are not yet available, these
meetings usually commence at 8 a.m. on
the days indicated.
Atlantic Flyway Council: October 6–7,
2016, Hyatt Regency, 225 East Coastline
Drive, Jacksonville, FL.
Mississippi Flyway Council: August
25–26, 2016, Hyatt Regency, 311 South
4th Street, Louisville, KY.
Central Flyway Council: September
22–23, 2016, Sheraton Steamboat
Resort, 2200 Village Inn Court,
Steamboat Springs, CO.
Pacific Flyway Council: September 30,
2016, Sun Valley Resort, 1 Sun Valley
Road, Sun Valley, ID.
Regulatory Schedule for 2017–18
On June 10, 2016, we published a
proposal to amend title 50 of the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) at part 20
(81 FR 38050). The proposal provided a
background and overview of the
migratory bird hunting regulations
process, and addressed the
establishment of seasons, limits, and
other regulations for hunting migratory
game birds under §§ 20.101 through
20.107, 20.109, and 20.110 of subpart K.
This document is the second in a series
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 156 (Friday, August 12, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 53388-53391]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-19085]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
47 CFR Part 97
[WT Docket No. 16-239; FCC 16-96]
Amateur Radio Service Rules To Permit Greater Flexibility in Data
Communications
AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal Communications Commission
(Commission) seeks comment on proposed amendments regarding technical
standards applicable to data communications that may be transmitted in
the Amateur Radio Service. Specifically, we propose to remove
limitations on the symbol rate (also known as the baud rate) applicable
to data emissions in certain amateur bands. We believe that this rule
change will allow amateur service licensees to use modern digital
emissions, thereby better fulfilling the purposes of the amateur
service and enhancing its usefulness.
DATES: Submit comments on or before October 11, 2016, and reply
comments are due on or before November 10, 2016.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by WT Docket No. 16-239,
by any of the following methods:
Federal Communications Commission's Web site: https://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
Mail: Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th Street
SW., Washington, DC 20554.
People with Disabilities: Contact the FCC to request
reasonable accommodations (accessible format documents, sign language
interpreters, CART, etc.) by email: FCC504@fcc.gov or phone: 202-418-
0530 or TTY: 202-418-0432.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Scot Stone, Scot.Stone@fcc.gov,
Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, (202) 418-0638, or TTY (202) 418-
7233.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a summary of the Commission's Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), adopted July 27, 2016 and released July
28, 2016. The full text of this document is available for public
inspection and copying during regular business hours in the FCC
Reference Center, Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th Street
SW., Room CY-A257, Washington, DC 20554. The complete text may be
purchased from the Commission's copy contractor, 445 12th Street, SW.,
Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554. This document will also be
available via ECFS at https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs/. Documents will be
available electronically in ASCII, Microsoft Word, and/or Adobe
Acrobat. Alternative formats are available for people with disabilities
(Braille, large print, electronic files, audio format) by sending an
email to fcc504@fcc.gov or calling the Commission's Consumer and
Governmental Affairs Bureau at (202) 418-0530 (voice), (202) 418-0432
(TTY).
I. Introduction
1. In the NPRM, we propose, in response to a petition for
rulemaking filed by the AmericanRadio Relay League, Inc. (ARRL), to
amend part 97 of the Commission's rules regarding technical standards
applicable to data communications that may be transmitted in the
Amateur Radio Service. Specifically, we propose to remove limitations
on the symbol rate (also known as baud rate)--the rate at which the
carrier waveform amplitude, frequency, and/or phase is varied to
transmit information--applicable to data emissions in certain amateur
bands. We believe that this rule change will allow amateur service
licensees to use modern digital emissions, thereby better fulfilling
the purposes of the amateur service and enhancing its usefulness.
II. Background
2. The limitations on radioteletype (RTTY) and data transmissions
below 450 MHz vary depending on the frequency band, and on whether the
digital code used to encode the signal being transmitted is one of the
codes specified in section 97.309(a) of the Commission's rules--Baudot,
AMTOR, and ASCII (the ``specified digital codes''). Section 97.307(f)
limits the symbol rate for the specified digital codes, and the
bandwidth for unspecified digital codes, as follows:
[[Page 53389]]
The specified digital codes may be used with a symbol rate not
exceeding 300 bauds for frequencies below 28 MHz (except the 60 meter
(5.3305-5.4064 MHz) band), and 1200 bauds in the 10 meter (28-29.7 MHz)
band; in the 6 meter (50-54 MHz) and 2 meter (144-148 MHz) bands, the
specified digital codes may be used with a symbol rate not exceeding
19.6 kilobauds, and unspecified digital codes may be used with a
bandwidth not exceeding 20 kilohertz; in the 1.25 meter (219-225 MHz)
and 70 centimeter (420-450 MHz) bands, the specified digital codes may
be used with a symbol rate not exceeding 56 kilobauds, and unspecified
digital codes may be used with a bandwidth not exceeding 100 kilohertz.
An amateur station transmitting a RTTY or data emission using one of
the specified digital codes may use any technique whose technical
characteristics have been documented publicly, such as CLOVER, G-TOR,
or PACTOR, for the purpose of facilitating communications.
III. Discussion
3. Symbol rate limit. We tentatively agree with ARRL that the baud
rate limits should be eliminated, and propose to amend part 97
accordingly. As ARRL notes, digital emissions were ``in their early
stages and experimentation with them was limited'' at that time, and
``the state of the art in HF digital communications has advanced
substantially'' since then. Indeed, the Commission observed in 1993
that ``as technology progresses the rules may become unnecessarily
restrictive, particularly with regard to the permissible baud rate.''
For example, ARRL points out that PACTOR 3, which has a data rate of up
to 3600 bits per second and a symbol rate of 100 bauds, is permitted in
the HF bands; but PACTOR 4, which is capable of a data rate of 5800
bits per second without occupying any more spectrum, is prohibited at
HF by the current rules because it has a symbol rate of 1800 bauds.
Thus, ARRL argues, the current baud rate limits permit, if not actually
encourage, inefficient spectrum utilization.
4. Many commenters agree that the baud rate restriction should be
eliminated, and we seek comment on the reasons supporting such a view.
For example, one commenter states that ``part of the purpose of the
amateur radio service is the advancement of radio and communications
technology. Denying the ability to research and implement higher symbol
rates directly contradicts the very purpose for amateur radio.''
Another commenter notes that ``[t]he rest of the amateur radio
operators in the world do not have this restrictive symbol rate
requirement that is in the current part 97'' and eliminating this
restriction will allow the Emergency Communications Community to
``benefit by being better able to meet its mission.'' Many commenters
cite permitting PACTOR 4 at HF as a reason for changing the rule,
particularly to facilitate more efficient transmission of emergency
communications. Other commenters, however, are concerned that
facilitating faster data throughput will actually increase congestion
by encouraging the transmission of larger amounts of data and new types
of content.
5. We tentatively agree that a baud rate restriction has become
unnecessary due to advances in modulation techniques, and no longer
serves a useful purpose. Our rules do not impose a symbol rate limit on
data emissions in any other amateur bands or in any other radio
service. In addition, removing the baud rate restriction could
encourage individuals to more fully utilize the amateur service in
experimentation and could promote innovation, more efficient use of the
radio spectrum currently allocated to the amateur service, and the
ability of the amateur service to support public safety efforts in the
event of an emergency. Facilitating the ability of the amateur service
to transmit and experiment with technologies currently used in consumer
and commercial products furthers this goal. Consequently, we propose to
remove the baud rate limits in section 97.307(f). We seek comment on
this proposal. In particular, we seek comment on whether eliminating
the baud rate limits would improve amateur communications, or would
instead increase congestion. Regarding the likelihood that eliminating
the baud rate limitation would increase congestion, we seek comment on
whether the costs of such an increase are outweighed by the benefits
that are likely to flow from the elimination of the limits, and whether
there are ways to mitigate these costs without losing the benefits of
the proposed initiative. More generally, we seek comment on whether
there are other costs and benefits to the proposal and, when weighing
all the factors, whether the benefits of the proposal outweigh its
costs. Commenters opposed to eliminating the baud rate limits should
also explain whether their concerns relate to all of the bands at
issue, or only certain spectrum.
6. We decline, however, to propose to add a 2.8 kilohertz bandwidth
limitation for RTTY and data emissions in the MF/HF bands as requested
by the ARRL Petition. ARRL cites the 60 meter band as precedent for
imposing a 2.8 kilohertz bandwidth limitation on data emissions, which
ARRL states ``would accommodate the HF data emissions that are in
common use today.'' The commenters who support eliminating the baud
rate restriction also generally agree with the ARRL's requested 2.8
kilohertz bandwidth limitation, but others who support eliminating the
baud rate restriction favor a narrower bandwidth limitation in order to
protect low-bandwidth modes of communication.
7. After reviewing the record, we tentatively conclude that a
specific bandwidth limitation for RTTY and data emissions in the MF/HF
bands is not necessary. We note that only the digital codes specified
in section 97.309(a) may be used for MF/HF data emissions, and our
rules do not impose any specific bandwidth limitation on use of the
specified digital codes in any frequency band other than the 60 meter
band. The 60 meter band cited by ARRL is a special case, however, given
that amateur operators are permitted to operate only on specific
frequencies rather than across the entire band, and are permitted to
use only particular data and RTTY emission designators, in order to
protect primary Federal voice operations in the band. Section 97.307(a)
of the Commission's rules already provides that no amateur station
transmission shall occupy more bandwidth than necessary for the
information rate and emission type being transmitted, in accordance
with good amateur practice, and section 97.307(c) already prohibits
interference from spurious emissions (i.e., emissions outside the
necessary bandwidth). The methods to be used in calculating the
necessary bandwidth of various emissions are specified in section 2.202
of the Commission's rules. We tentatively conclude that such rules are
sufficient to help protect against inefficient use or other abuse of
the spectrum identified by commenters, and will accomplish ARRL's
stated reason for proposing a bandwidth limitation of facilitating
sharing among amateur licensees.
8. We also observe that while a 2.8 kilohertz bandwidth limitation
would accommodate HF data emissions that are in common use today, such
a limitation could, at the same time, undermine the goal--fundamental
to the amateur service--of encouraging advances in technology if
amateur radio operators were thereby prevented from stepping beyond
today's radio science. Imposing a maximum bandwidth would result in a
loss of flexibility to develop
[[Page 53390]]
and improve technologies as licensees' operating interests change and
new technologies are developed. We seek comment on these tentative
conclusions.
9. While we tentatively conclude that a specific bandwidth
limitation for RTTY and data emissions in the MF/HF bands is not
necessary, we nonetheless request comment on whether we should
establish emission bandwidth standards for amateur service MF/HF RTTY
and data emissions. Commenters favoring such action should address what
the maximum bandwidth should be, the basis for the particular
limitation the commenter proposes, and whether the limit should apply
across the bands or only in particular subbands. Commenters should
explain the grounds for departing from the generally applicable
standards.
IV. Conclusion
10. In summary, we believe that the public interest may be served
by revising the amateur service rules to eliminate the current baud
rate limitations for data emissions consistent with ARRL's Petition to
allow amateur service licensees to use modern digital emissions,
thereby furthering the purposes of the amateur service and enhancing
the usefulness of the service. We do not, however, propose a bandwidth
limitation for data emissions in the MF and HF bands to replace the
baud rate limitations, because the rules' current approach for limiting
bandwidth use by amateur stations using one of the specified digital
codes to encode the signal being transmitted appears sufficient to
ensure that general access to the band by licensees in the amateur
service does not become unduly impaired.
V. Procedural Matters
11. Initial Regulatory Flexibility Certification. The Regulatory
Flexibility Act (RFA) requires an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis to be prepared for notice and comment rulemaking proceedings,
unless the agency certifies that ``the rule will not, if promulgated,
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.'' The RFA generally defines the term ``small entity'' as
having the same meaning as the terms ``small business,'' ``small
organization,'' and ``small governmental jurisdiction.'' In addition,
the term ``small business'' has the same meaning as the term ``small
business concern'' under the Small Business Act. A ``small business
concern'' is one which: (1) Is independently owned and operated; (2) is
not dominant in its field of operation; and (3) satisfies any
additional criteria established by the Small Business Administration
(SBA).
12. In the NPRM, we propose to amend the amateur service rules to
change a technical rule applicable to data emissions that an amateur
radio operator may use in his or her communications with other amateur
radio operators. Because ``small entities,'' as defined in the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, do not include a ``person'' as the term is
used in this proceeding or an individual, the proposed rules do not
apply to ``small entities.'' Rather, they apply exclusively to
individuals who hold certain Commission authorizations. Therefore, we
certify that the proposal in this NPRM, if adopted, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
13. Paperwork Reduction Analysis. This document does not contain
proposed information collection(s) subject to the Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995 (PRA), Public Law 104-13. In addition, therefore, it does
not contain any new or modified information collection burden for small
business concerns with fewer than 25 employees, pursuant to the Small
Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public Law 107-198, see 44
U.S.C. 3506(c)(4).
VI. Ordering Clauses
14. It is ordered that, pursuant to Sections 4(i), 303(r), and 403
of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 154(i),
303(r), and 403, that this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking is hereby
adopted.
15. It is further ordered that, pursuant to section 1.407 of the
Commission's rules, 47 CFR 1.407, the Petition for Rulemaking, RM-
11708, filed by the American Radio Relay League, Inc., on November 15,
2013 is granted to the extent indicated herein, and is otherwise
denied.
16. It is further ordered that the Commission's Consumer and
Governmental Affairs Bureau, Reference Information Center, shall send a
copy of this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, including the Initial
Regulatory Flexibility Certification, to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy
of the Small Business Administration.
List of Subjects in 47 CFR Part 97
Radio.
Federal Communications Commission.
Gloria J Miles,
Federal Register Liaison Officer. Office of the Secretary.
Proposed Rules
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Federal
Communications Commission proposes to amend 47 CFR part 97 as follows:
PART 97--AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE
0
1. The authority citation for part 97 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 48 Stat. 1066, 1082, as amended; 47 U.S.C. 154, 303.
Interpret or apply 48 Stat. 1064-1068, 1081-1105, as amended; 47
U.S.C. 151-155, 301-609, unless otherwise noted.
0
2. Section 97.305 is amended by revising the entry for 28.0-28.3 MHz in
the table in paragraph (c) to read as follows:
Sec. 97.305 Authorized emission types.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standards see
Sec.
Wavelength band Frequencies Emission types authorized 97.307(f),
paragraph:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
HF:
* * * * * * *
10 m.................................... 28.0-28.3 MHz............. RTTY, data................ (3).
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 53391]]
0
3. Section 97.307 is amended by revising paragraph (f)(3), removing and
reserving paragraph (f)(4), and revising paragraphs (f)(5) and (6) to
read as follows:
Sec. 97.307 Emission standards.
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(3) Only an RTTY or data emission using a specified digital code
listed in Sec. 97.309(a) of this part may be transmitted.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) An RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in Sec. 97.309(a) of this part may be transmitted. An
RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an unspecified digital code
under the limitations listed in Sec. 97.309(b) of this part also may
be transmitted, provided the bandwidth does not exceed 20 kHz.
(6) An RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using a specified digital
code listed in Sec. 97.309(a) of this part may be transmitted. An
RTTY, data or multiplexed emission using an unspecified digital code
under the limitations listed in Sec. 97.309(b) of this part also may
be transmitted, provided the bandwidth does not exceed 100 kHz.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2016-19085 Filed 8-11-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6712-01-P