Petition for Rulemaking Submitted by C-10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc., 41258-41262 [2016-14998]

Download as PDF sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 41258 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 122 / Friday, June 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules We are especially interested in receiving public comments on the questions presented below. Responses to these questions will help further inform our thinking on the handling of dangerous animals: 1. What factors and characteristics should determine if a type of animal is suitable for public contact? When the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) describes an animal as dangerous, there are certain characteristics we use to classify the animals, such as the size, strength, and instinctual behavior of an animal, risk of disease transmission between animals and humans (i.e., zoonoses such as Herpes B), and ability to safely and humanely handle (or control) the animal in all situations. 2. What animals should APHIS consider including under the definition of dangerous animals? For example, are all nonhuman primates dangerous? We currently identify some animals as dangerous, including, but not limited to, nondomestic felids (such as lions, tigers, jaguars, mountain lions, cheetahs, and any hybrids thereof), wolves, bears, certain nonhuman primates (such as gorillas, chimps, and macaques), elephants, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, moose, bison, camels, and common animals known to carry rabies. 3. What animals may pose a public health risk and why? What risks does public contact with dangerous animals present to the individual animal and the species and why? 4. What are the best methods of permanent, usable animal identification for dangerous animals? 5. What are the most humane training techniques to use with dangerous animals? 6. What scientific information (peerreviewed journals preferred) is available that identifies the appropriate weaning ages for nondomestic felids, bears, elephants, wolves, nonhuman primates, and other dangerous animals? 7. What industry, organizational, or governmental standards have been published for the handling and care of dangerous animals? 8. What constitutes sufficient barriers for enclosures around dangerous animals to keep members of the public away from the animals? What methods (structures, distance, attendants, etc.) are needed to prevent entry of the public into an enclosure and keep the animal safe while still allowing for meaningful viewing? In addition to inviting the public to comment on these questions, we are making available for the public a Web VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:15 Jun 23, 2016 Jkt 238001 site 2 containing background information on the topics explained in this notice. We also plan to convene three virtual listening sessions during the summer, allowing stakeholders to participate regardless of their location before the close of the public comment period. The dates of each virtual listening session are as follows: • June 29, 2016, 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. eastern time (ET); • July 6, 2016, 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. ET; and • August 4, 2016, 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. ET. Persons wishing to participate in the virtual listening sessions are required to register prior to the session. Links for registering to participate in each listening session are included in the Web site in footnote 2. Upon registration, participants will be provided with a call-in number and access code. The virtual listening sessions will provide the public with opportunities to share their views on the handling of dangerous animals and provide us with additional material to inform our thinking on this topic. Authority: 7 U.S.C. 2131–2159; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.7. Done in Washington, DC, this 21st day of June 2016. William H. Clay, Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. [FR Doc. 2016–14976 Filed 6–23–16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3410–34–P NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 10 CFR Part 72 [Docket No. PRM–72–6; NRC–2008–0649] Petition for Rulemaking Submitted by C–10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Petition for rulemaking; denial. AGENCY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is denying Requests 4 and 9 of a petition for rulemaking (PRM), dated November 24, 2008, filed by Ms. Sandra Gavutis, Executive Director of C–10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc. (the petitioner). The petitioner requested that the NRC amend its regulations concerning dry cask safety, security, transferability, and longevity. The petitioner made 12 specific requests. SUMMARY: 2 https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/ animalwelfare/Handling-Dangerous-AnimalsFeedback-Page. PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 The NRC previously denied 9 of these requests and accepted 1 request for consideration in the rulemaking process. Two remaining requests were reserved for future rulemaking determinations. The purpose of this Federal Register notice is to announce the NRC’s final decision to deny these two remaining requests. DATES: The docket for the petition for rulemaking, PRM–72–6, is closed on June 24, 2016. ADDRESSES: Please refer to Docket ID NRC–2008–0649 when contacting the NRC about the availability of information for this action. You may obtain publicly-available information related to this action by any of the following methods: • Federal Rulemaking Web site: Go to https://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC–2008–0649. Address questions about NRC dockets to Carol Gallagher; telephone: 301–415–3463; email: Carol.Gallagher@nrc.gov. For technical questions, contact the individuals listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this document. • NRC’s Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS): You may obtain publiclyavailable documents online in the ADAMS Public Documents collection at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/ adams.html. To begin the search, select ‘‘ADAMS Public Documents’’ and then select ‘‘Begin Web-based ADAMS Search.’’ For problems with ADAMS, please contact the NRC’s Public Document Room (PDR) reference staff at 1–800–397–4209, 301–415–4737, or by email to pdr.resource@nrc.gov. The ADAMS accession number for each document referenced (if it is available in ADAMS) is provided the first time that it is mentioned in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section. • NRC’s PDR: You may examine and purchase copies of public documents at the NRC’s PDR, Room O1–F21, One White Flint North, 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Torre Taylor, telephone: 301–415–7900, email: Torre.Taylor@nrc.gov; or Haile Lindsay, telephone: 301–415–0616, email: Haile.Lindsay@nrc.gov; both of the Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC 20555– 0001. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. The Petition Section 2.802 of title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR), ‘‘Petition for rulemaking,’’ provides an E:\FR\FM\24JNP1.SGM 24JNP1 sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 122 / Friday, June 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules opportunity for any interested person to petition the Commission to issue, amend, or rescind any regulation. The NRC received a PRM, dated November 24, 2008, filed by Ms. Sandra Gavutis, Executive Director of C–10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc. (ADAMS Accession No. ML083470148). The petitioner requested that the NRC amend its regulations concerning dry cask safety, security, transferability, and longevity. The petitioner made 12 specific requests in the petition. The petition was noticed in the Federal Register for public comment on March 3, 2009 (74 FR 9178). The NRC received over 9,000 comment letters, including comments from industry, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), non-governmental organizations, and members of the public. The overwhelming majority of the comment letters received were identical (form) emails. The Nuclear Energy Institute and the Strategic Team and Resource Sharing organization opposed the petition. All form email comments, ASME, and the Berkeley Fellowship of Unitarian Universalists Social Justice Committee supported the petition. The NRC staff discussed its review of the petition and the comments received in SECY–12–0079, ‘‘Partial Closure of Petition for Rulemaking (PRM–72–6) C–10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc.,’’ dated June 1, 2012 (ADAMS Package Accession No. ML12068A090). The comments were summarized in a Federal Register notice, dated October 16, 2012 (77 FR 63254). The NRC denied 9 of the petitioner’s 12 requests (Requests 1, 2, 3, 5–8, 10, and 12), accepted one request (Request 11) for consideration as part of the ongoing independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) security rulemaking effort (RIN 3150–A178; Docket ID NRC– 2009–0558), and reserved 2 requests for future rulemaking determination (Requests 4 and 9) in that Federal Register notice. The two reserved requests, as stated in the petition, are: (1) Request 4: ‘‘To require that dry casks are qualified for transport at the time of onsite storage approval certification. Transport capacity for shipment offsite must be required in the event of a future environmental emergency or for matters of security to an alternative storage location or repository and must be part of the approval criteria. NRC Chapter 1 of the Standard Review Plan (NUREG–1567) should clearly define Part 72.122(i); 72.236(h); and in 72.236(m).’’ (2) Request 9: ‘‘To require a safe and secure hot cell transfer station coupled with an auxiliary pool to be built as part VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:15 Jun 23, 2016 Jkt 238001 of an upgraded ISFSI design certification and licensing process. The utility must have dry cask transfer capability for maintenance as well as emergency situations after decommissioning for as long as the spent fuel remains onsite. The NRC has to date not approved a dry cask transfer system.’’ II. Reasons for Denial The NRC is denying the petitioner’s Requests 4 and 9, because the proposed changes to the NRC requirements are unnecessary to ensure safe and secure storage and transportation of spent fuel. The NRC had reserved a decision on these two requests, because the NRC staff was conducting an ongoing analysis of: (1) Spent fuel storage and transportation compatibility; (2) regulatory changes that might be necessary to continue safe storage of fuel in casks beyond the initial storage period over multiple renewal periods; (3) the behavior of high burnup fuel during extended storage periods; and (4) regulation of stand-alone ISFSIs. This analysis was being done as part of the NRC staff’s work related to COMSECY– 10–0007, ‘‘Project Plan for the Regulatory Program Review to Support Extended Storage and Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel’’ (ADAMS Accession No. ML101390413). Part of this analysis also involved evaluating the licensing programs for spent fuel storage for any improvements. As a consequence of this work, as well as considering information and insight from other sources, the NRC can now resolve the outstanding requests from the petitioner. Petitioner Request 4 The NRC is denying Request 4 for the following reasons. In reviewing Request 4, the NRC staff interpreted the petition to request that the NRC require that a transportation package certificate of compliance be approved at the same time as the onsite storage approval certification. The NRC’s decision to deny Request 4 is based on this understanding of the request. In addition to the ongoing work related to COMSECY–10–0007 discussed above, the following efforts discussed in the project plan in COMSECY–10–0007 also relate specifically to Request 4: The staff will evaluate the compatibility of 10 CFR part 71, ‘Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material,’ and 10 CFR part 72, ‘Licensing Requirements for the Independent Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Reactor-Related Greater than Class C Waste,’ requirements to identify (1) areas of overlap where the requirements are substantially PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 41259 similar, (2) areas where the performance requirements are significantly different, (3) specific regulations that must be met for transportation for which there is no similar storage regulation, and (4) recommendations for improving the compatibility and efficiency of the 10 CFR parts 71 and 72 review processes. The staff will also evaluate the different types of currently authorized dry cask storage systems to identify any potential unique compatibility issues. This assessment will also consider potential integration of the storage and transportation safety reviews conducted under 10 CFR parts 71 and 72. As indicated above, there were four areas in which the staff was evaluating the compatibility of the requirements within 10 CFR part 71 and 10 CFR part 72 related to storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel. The NRC reserved its decision on Request 4 until the NRC staff had made sufficient progress on the four areas identified above. These efforts have provided the NRC with sufficient information to now make a decision on Request 4. The NRC staff’s consideration of the compatibility of 10 CFR part 71 and 10 CFR part 72, as part of the NRC staff’s efforts related to COMSECY–10–0007, has informed recent safety evaluation reviews performed by the NRC staff of storage design certifications, such as new applications and renewals. Since the petition was received in 2008, the NRC staff has completed the review of 12 storage design applications; information on these reviews can be found at https://www.nrc.gov/waste/ spent-fuel-storage/designs.html. The NRC staff’s work on these storage and transportation compatibility considerations may be further documented in future revisions to the Standard Review Plans for Storage— NUREG–1536, Rev. 1, ‘‘Standard Review Plan for Dry Cask Storage Systems’’ (ADAMS Accession No. ML101040620); and NUREG–1567, ‘‘Standard Review Plan for Spent Fuel Dry Storage Facilities’’ (ADAMS Accession No. ML003686776). The petitioner noted the potential for an environmental emergency or matter of security that would require transport of the spent fuel from storage to an alternate location as a basis for why transportation certification approval should be required at the time of storage certification. By design, dry storage systems are robust, passive systems and, as discussed above, transport is unlikely to be the best course of action in an emergency. These systems have been evaluated for several design basis events, including malicious acts. As the first step in addressing an environmental emergency or matter of security, the staff would not recommend E:\FR\FM\24JNP1.SGM 24JNP1 sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 41260 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 122 / Friday, June 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules removal of the spent fuel from storage. The storage requirements in 10 CFR part 72, in combination with the packaging and transportation requirements in 10 CFR part 71, are adequate to ensure safety. In the case of an environmental emergency, the best course of action would likely be to secure the area, contain the spent fuel, assess the situation, and to keep the spent fuel in storage until a more thorough evaluation of the situation has been completed. There are interim measures that can be taken to contain the spent fuel and to provide safety, such as restricting access to the area, putting up temporary physical barriers, and using temporary shielding. If it is determined that the spent fuel must be moved, the NRC has several regulatory options to ensure the safe transportation of the spent fuel, including issuing license amendments, issuing immediately effective orders, or evaluating requests for exemptions to the spent fuel transportation regulations in 10 CFR part 71. Under 10 CFR 71.12, ‘‘Specific exemptions,’’ the Commission may grant an exemption from the transportation requirements if it determines the exemption is authorized by law and will not endanger life or property or the common defense and security. This allows flexibility for the design and construction of transportation packaging if the controls proposed in the shipping procedures are demonstrated to be adequate to provide an equivalent level of safety of the shipment and its content. Dry storage system designs have become more standardized and many designs use a welded canister to provide one of the confinement barriers of the spent nuclear fuel. Because the welded canister provides confinement of the spent nuclear fuel, as required under 10 CFR 72.122(h), removal of the fuel during storage should be unnecessary so long as the licensee is complying with the regulations to ensure safety measures are met. Additionally, for packaging and transporting welded canisters containing spent fuel, under 10 CFR part 71, most spent fuel cask vendors have compatible transportation packaging designs either approved or under development. For those limited, older systems that may not have been designed with transportation packaging as a consideration, an exemption can be issued in accordance with 10 CFR 71.12 if the Commission determines that doing so will not endanger life or property or the common defense and security. This allows flexibility for the design and construction of transportation packaging, if the controls proposed in the shipping procedures are VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:15 Jun 23, 2016 Jkt 238001 demonstrated to be adequate to provide an equivalent level of safety of the shipment and its content. In association with efforts related to COMSECY–10–0007, the NRC staff conducted a comparison of the requirements for storage systems in 10 CFR part 72 and those for transportation packaging in 10 CFR part 71 to identify any areas of incompatibility. This work began before receipt of the petition. The NRC staff found from this comparison that there are differences between these requirements, such as differences in thermal design criteria, confinement/ containment design criteria, criticality design criteria and specific accident conditions design criteria. However, these differences do not preclude the safe packaging and transportation of spent fuel in casks designed for storage. As an example, there is a difference between the temperature criteria for transportation accident conditions and those for storage accident conditions. If it became necessary to remove the spent fuel casks from storage and transport them, in most cases the temperature criteria differences would not preclude the safe transport. Alternatively, an exemption could be issued in accordance with 10 CFR 71.12 if the transportation criteria were not met but the Commission determined that the transportation would not endanger life or property or the common defense and security. As required by 10 CFR part 72, cask storage systems must be designed to provide for safe and secure storage taking into consideration natural and human-induced events. For a specific license, the design basis events that must be evaluated are provided in: (1) 10 CFR 72.92, ‘‘Design basis external natural events,’’ and (2) 10 CFR 72.94, ‘‘Design basis external man-induced events.’’ Nuclear power reactor licensees are authorized to store spent fuel under the general license in 10 CFR 72.210, ‘‘General license issued.’’ A general licensee must choose a storage cask that has an NRC-issued certificate of compliance. The list of approved storage casks is provided in 10 CFR 72.214, ‘‘List of approved spent fuel storage casks.’’ For these storage casks, the vendor has already evaluated the cask design against normal, off-normal, and accident conditions as required by 10 CFR 72.236, ‘‘Specific requirements for spent fuel storage cask approval and fabrication.’’ The general licensees must meet the specific requirements found in 10 CFR 72.212, ‘‘Conditions of general license issued under 10 CFR 72.210.’’ The regulations in 10 CFR 72.212(b)(6) require the general licensee to review the safety analysis report referenced in PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 the certificate or amended certificate and the related NRC safety evaluation report prior to use of the general license. The licensee must determine whether the reactor site parameters, including analyses of earthquake intensity and tornado missiles, are included within the cask design bases. In addition, the licensee must establish that the stored spent fuel will meet the design requirements for natural and humaninduced events: (1) 10 CFR 72.212(b)(5)(ii) for static and dynamic loads and (2) 10 CFR 72.212(b)(9) which requires the general licensee to protect the spent fuel against the design basis threat of radiological sabotage in accordance with the requirements set forth in the licensee’s physical security plan under 10 CFR 73.55, ‘‘Requirements for physical protection of licensed activities in nuclear power reactors against radiological sabotage.’’ These requirements provide assurance that spent fuel storage casks are sufficiently robust to withstand environmental and security events included within the design bases. The safety of spent fuel storage has been demonstrated by operating experience. Subsequent to the NRC’s earlier review of this petition, an earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the North Anna Nuclear Power Plant in Virginia. This earthquake was beyond the design basis event for which the spent fuel storage designs were evaluated. After the earthquake, North Anna Nuclear Power Plant personnel and representatives from the spent fuel storage system manufacturer conducted detailed inspections and monitoring. The NRC staff also conducted several inspections through an Augmented Inspection Team (ADAMS Accession No. ML113040031) at North Anna Nuclear Power Plant to evaluate and assess the plant conditions as well as the integrity and safety of onsite spent fuel storage systems. These inspections confirmed that there was no damage that had any impact on safety-related features. Some casks experienced minor shifting on the pad that did not impact safety. The spent fuel continued to be surrounded by several tons of steel and concrete and the storage system seals were intact. Radiation surveys indicated no changes to cask surface dose rates, and there were no releases due to the shifting of the systems. As part of the outcome of the NRC’s inspections, the licensee sought, and the NRC approved, an amendment to allow the casks that had shifted to remain in place rather than moving them back to the original location. Documentation related to these inspections is publicly available in E:\FR\FM\24JNP1.SGM 24JNP1 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 122 / Friday, June 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS ADAMS and includes (1) information submitted as part of the amendment request submitted by the licensee (ADAMS Accession No. ML14160A707), (2) the Final Environmental Assessment (ADAMS Accession No. ML15022A575), and (3) the documentation related to Amendment 4 (ADAMS Package Accession No. ML15050A395) of the ISFSI license. The NRC’s assessment of the earthquake at the North Anna Power Plant confirmed that the spent fuel storage casks could safely remain in place. The petitioner also stated that transport capacity for shipment offsite must be required for matters of security. As stated earlier in this document, moving the spent fuel offsite after an environmental emergency or security incident would likely not be the best course of action. Moving the spent fuel from storage onto a public highway or rail system represents a higher risk than protecting the spent fuel storage casks in place, because it increases the potential for unnecessary dose to workers or the public. Storage licensees must have security provisions in place that include physical barriers; surveillance; intrusion detection and response; and, if needed, assistance from local law enforcement, in accordance with 10 CFR part 73, ‘‘Physical Protection of Plants and Materials.’’ These measures provide an adequate level of safety and security. Finally, the petitioner also stated that ‘‘NRC Chapter 1 of the Standard Review Plan (NUREG–1567) should clearly define Part 72.122(i); 72.236(h); and in 72.236(m).’’ The petitioner did not provide any additional information regarding this statement. The NUREG– 1567 provides guidance to the NRC staff for reviewing applications for specific license approval for commercial ISFSIs. Granting the petitioner’s request would not result in a rulemaking. The NRC staff will consider making the clarification when it works on the next revision of NUREG–1567. Petitioner Request 9 The NRC is denying Request 9 for the following reasons. After further evaluation of Request 9, and considering the information resulting from the NRC staff’s work on COMSECY–10–0007, the NRC staff concludes that a hot cell transfer station coupled with an auxiliary pool is not needed because the requirements currently in place in 10 CFR part 72 are adequate to ensure safety. In the Federal Register notice published in October 2012 that addressed the other requests in the petition, the NRC indicated that the need for a hot cell transfer station coupled with an auxiliary pool was still VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:15 Jun 23, 2016 Jkt 238001 being evaluated as part of the NRC staff’s review of the regulatory changes that might be necessary to safely store fuel for multiple renewal periods. The NRC staff stated that, ‘‘as discussed in Section 3.1 of Enclosure 1 of COMSECY–10–0007, research is needed to develop the safety basis for the behavior of high burnup fuel during extended storage periods. Whether the fuel retains sufficient structural integrity for extended storage and eventual transportation may affect whether the NRC would require dry transfer capability at decommissioned reactors storing high burnup fuel.’’ The NRC periodically conducts research activities related to the storage of spent nuclear fuel to confirm the safety of operations and enhance the regulatory framework to address any changes in technology, science, and policies. The NRC conducts analyses of beyond design basis conditions to confirm that regulatory requirements continue to provide reasonable assurance for safe storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel. Additionally, the NRC evaluates the performance of spent nuclear fuel under normal and accident conditions. Recent analyses included evaluation of the effects of high burnup fuel. Two recent studies related to these research activities were completed and published in 2015: (1) NUREG/CR–7198, ‘‘Mechanical Fatigue Testing of HighBurnup Fuel for Transportation Applications,’’ published in May 2015 (ADAMS Accession No. ML15139A389), and (2) NUREG/CR–7203, ‘‘A Quantitative Impact Assessment of Hypothetical Spent Fuel Reconfiguration in Spent Fuel Storage Casks and Transportation Packages,’’ published in September 2015 (ADAMS Accession No. ML15266A413). The NUREG/CR–7198 documents an evaluation of the ability for high burnup fuel containing mostly circumferential hydrides to maintain its integrity under normal conditions of transport. Using an innovative testing system that imposes pure bending loads on the spent fuel rod, high burnup spent fuel rods underwent bending tests to simulate conditions relevant to both storage and transportation. The test results demonstrated that despite complexities and non-uniformities in the fuel cladding system, the high burnup fuel behaved in a manner that would be expected of more uniform materials. The NUREG/CR–7203 documents a quantitative assessment of the impact on the safety of spent nuclear fuel storage casks and transportation packages of bounding and very unlikely beyond design basis hypothetical changes of PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 41261 fuel geometry. The study examined the potential changes to criticality, shielding, confinement/containment, and thermal characteristics of the systems due to changes in fuel geometry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high burnup fuel is safe for storage and transport under normal, off-normal, and hypothetical accident conditions. The detailed conclusions from this study are quite lengthy; however, in summary, the study concluded that: Overall, the safety impacts of fuel reconfiguration are system design, content type, and loading dependent. The areas and magnitude of the impact vary from cask/ package design to cask/package design. It should also be noted that some of the scenarios are extreme and physically unlikely to occur; they represent bounding values. The spent fuel storage systems and transportation packages approved by the NRC to date provide reasonable assurance that they are safe under normal, off-normal, and hypothetical accident conditions as prescribed in 10 CFR part 71 and 72 regulations. The NRC staff recognized at the time of the initial review of the petition that ongoing research into the material properties of high burnup fuel could potentially result in a determination that high burnup fuel would require repackaging after a certain storage period. Therefore, this issue warranted further evaluation to determine if a regulatory requirement for dry transfer capability was needed before a final decision could be made on the petitioner’s request. The NRC staff also recognized a potential issue with respect to degradation from aging of high burnup fuel that could cause damage to spent fuel cladding in storage. Based on evaluations of these potential issues in NUREG/CR–7198 and NUREG/CR–7203 the NRC has further evidence of reasonable assurance of adequate safety related to the mechanical behavior and potential degradation of high burnup fuel during extended storage and transportation for the systems approved to date. The NRC continuously monitors safety and security issues related to the storage of spent nuclear fuel, including results from safety inspections and additional studies, when applicable. If the NRC became aware of any safety or security issues that could impact public health and safety, or security, the NRC would take action. This could include issuing Orders, rulemaking, or revising guidance to clarify requirements. Additionally, when an ISFSI license is being evaluated for renewal, the licensee must establish an Aging Management Program (AMP) that E:\FR\FM\24JNP1.SGM 24JNP1 sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS 41262 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 122 / Friday, June 24, 2016 / Proposed Rules manages aging effects. The intent of the AMP is to detect, monitor, and mitigate aging effects that could impact the safe storage of spent fuel. The AMP is required under the provisions of Section 72.42, ‘‘Duration of license; renewal,’’ paragraph (a)(2) and Section 72.240, ‘‘Conditions for spent fuel storage cask renewal,’’ paragraph (c)(3), for storage cask renewals. An AMP includes subcomponents such as: (1) Dry shielded canister external surfaces, (2) concrete cask, (3) transfer cask, (4) transfer cask lifting yoke, (5) cask support platform, and (6) high burnup fuel. Since high burnup fuel is included as an AMP for license renewal, this provides defense-in-depth in ensuring the integrity of the fuel cladding during periods of extended operation. The NRC staff uses the guidance in NUREG–1927, ‘‘Standard Review Plan for Renewal of Spent Fuel Dry Cask Storage System Licenses and Certificates of Compliance,’’ published in March 2011 (ADAMS Accession No. ML111020115) in reviewing renewal applications for spent fuel dry cask storage systems and certificates of compliance. The NUREG–1927 is currently being revised to update guidance and to include information gained from the work previously discussed in this document. The revision to NUREG– 1927 was noticed for public comment in the Federal Register on July 7, 2015 (80 FR 38780). The AMPs are consistent with 10 program elements that are described in NUREG–1927, including items such as the scope; preventive actions; parameters monitored or inspected; and detection of aging effects before there is a loss of any structure and component function, etc. The AMPs will help ensure timely detection, mitigation, and monitoring of any degradation mechanisms. An example of NRC staff’s review of license renewal applications that include an AMP for high burnup fuel is the recently completed review of the license renewal application for the Calvert Cliffs ISFSI in October 2014 (ADAMS Package Accession No. ML14274A022). From this review, the NRC staff determined that the Calvert Cliffs ISFSI had met the requirements of 10 CFR 72.42(a), which addresses the duration of a license and renewal of such license. As previously discussed in this document, 10 CFR 72.42(a)(2) has a specific requirement for an AMP. The NRC staff concluded in the safety evaluation for this renewal (ADAMS Accession No. ML14274A038) that the dry cask storage systems are still robust and could be renewed. VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:15 Jun 23, 2016 Jkt 238001 Additionally, the NRC has a defensein-depth approach to safety that includes (1) requirements to design and operate spent fuel storage systems that minimize the possibility of degradation; (2) requirements to establish competent organizations staffed with experienced, trained, and qualified personnel; and (3) NRC inspections to confirm safety and compliance with requirements. Based on the NRC’s current requirements, licensee maintenance and review programs, and NRC inspections, the NRC staff is confident that issues will be identified early to allow corrective actions to be taken in a timely fashion. In summary, the NRC has made significant progress on relevant regulatory efforts and evaluations discussed earlier in this document and information gained from that work contributed to current revisions of regulatory guidance, standard review plans, and the NRC staff’s reviews of renewal applications. Based on the work performed to date, the results do not indicate a need to revise the regulations. Based on the NRC’s review of the petition, the specific changes requested by the petitioner are not necessary to ensure safety and security. The storage and transportation regulations are robust, adequate, and sufficiently compatible to ensure safe and secure storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuel. The NRC staff continues to review and evaluate the storage of spent nuclear fuel and the safety of storage casks and ISFSIs. If a potential health, safety, or security issue is identified, the NRC will take action to address the concern. III. Conclusion For the reasons cited in this document, the NRC is denying the petitioner’s two requests from PRM–72– 6 that were deferred pending additional research and evaluation on the storage of spent fuel storage. After completing its research, the NRC has concluded that the current regulatory requirements are adequate to protect public health and safety. Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 20th day of June, 2016. For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Annette L. Vietti-Cook, Secretary of the Commission. [FR Doc. 2016–14998 Filed 6–23–16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7590–01–P PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 10 CFR Parts 429 and 430 [Docket No. EERE–2016–BT–TP–0023] RIN 1904–AD70 Energy Efficiency Program: Test Procedure for Televisions; Request for Information Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Request for Information (RFI). AGENCY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is initiating a rulemaking to consider whether revisions are needed to the test procedure for televisions. To inform interested parties and to facilitate this process, DOE has gathered data and identified several issues associated with the current DOE test procedure on which DOE is particularly interested in receiving comment. The issues outlined in this document mainly concern on-mode power measurement. DOE welcomes written comments from the public on any subject within the scope of the television test procedure (including topics not specifically raised in this request for information). DATES: Written comments and information are requested on or before July 25, 2016. ADDRESSES: Interested persons are encouraged to submit comments using the Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Alternatively, interested persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE–2016–BT–TP–0023, by any of the following methods: • Email: Televisions2016TP0023@ ee.doe.gov. Include docket number EERE–2016–BT–TP–0023 in the subject line of the message. • Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE–5B, EERE–2016–BT–TP–0023, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585– 0121. Phone: (202) 586–2945. Please submit one signed paper original. • Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202) 586–2945. Please submit one signed paper original. Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name and docket number for this rulemaking. No telefacsimilies (faxes) will be accepted. SUMMARY: E:\FR\FM\24JNP1.SGM 24JNP1

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[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 122 (Friday, June 24, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 41258-41262]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-14998]


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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

10 CFR Part 72

[Docket No. PRM-72-6; NRC-2008-0649]


Petition for Rulemaking Submitted by C-10 Research and Education 
Foundation, Inc.

AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

ACTION: Petition for rulemaking; denial.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is denying 
Requests 4 and 9 of a petition for rulemaking (PRM), dated November 24, 
2008, filed by Ms. Sandra Gavutis, Executive Director of C-10 Research 
and Education Foundation, Inc. (the petitioner). The petitioner 
requested that the NRC amend its regulations concerning dry cask 
safety, security, transferability, and longevity. The petitioner made 
12 specific requests. The NRC previously denied 9 of these requests and 
accepted 1 request for consideration in the rulemaking process. Two 
remaining requests were reserved for future rulemaking determinations. 
The purpose of this Federal Register notice is to announce the NRC's 
final decision to deny these two remaining requests.

DATES: The docket for the petition for rulemaking, PRM-72-6, is closed 
on June 24, 2016.

ADDRESSES: Please refer to Docket ID NRC-2008-0649 when contacting the 
NRC about the availability of information for this action. You may 
obtain publicly-available information related to this action by any of 
the following methods:
     Federal Rulemaking Web site: Go to https://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC-2008-0649. Address 
questions about NRC dockets to Carol Gallagher; telephone: 301-415-
3463; email: Carol.Gallagher@nrc.gov. For technical questions, contact 
the individuals listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section 
of this document.
     NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System 
(ADAMS): You may obtain publicly-available documents online in the 
ADAMS Public Documents collection at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin the search, select ``ADAMS Public Documents'' and 
then select ``Begin Web-based ADAMS Search.'' For problems with ADAMS, 
please contact the NRC's Public Document Room (PDR) reference staff at 
1-800-397-4209, 301-415-4737, or by email to pdr.resource@nrc.gov. The 
ADAMS accession number for each document referenced (if it is available 
in ADAMS) is provided the first time that it is mentioned in the 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.
     NRC's PDR: You may examine and purchase copies of public 
documents at the NRC's PDR, Room O1-F21, One White Flint North, 11555 
Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Torre Taylor, telephone: 301-415-7900, 
email: Torre.Taylor@nrc.gov; or Haile Lindsay, telephone: 301-415-0616, 
email: Haile.Lindsay@nrc.gov; both of the Office of Nuclear Material 
Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington 
DC 20555-0001.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. The Petition

    Section 2.802 of title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 
CFR), ``Petition for rulemaking,'' provides an

[[Page 41259]]

opportunity for any interested person to petition the Commission to 
issue, amend, or rescind any regulation. The NRC received a PRM, dated 
November 24, 2008, filed by Ms. Sandra Gavutis, Executive Director of 
C-10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc. (ADAMS Accession No. 
ML083470148). The petitioner requested that the NRC amend its 
regulations concerning dry cask safety, security, transferability, and 
longevity. The petitioner made 12 specific requests in the petition. 
The petition was noticed in the Federal Register for public comment on 
March 3, 2009 (74 FR 9178). The NRC received over 9,000 comment 
letters, including comments from industry, the American Society of 
Mechanical Engineers (ASME), non-governmental organizations, and 
members of the public. The overwhelming majority of the comment letters 
received were identical (form) emails. The Nuclear Energy Institute and 
the Strategic Team and Resource Sharing organization opposed the 
petition. All form email comments, ASME, and the Berkeley Fellowship of 
Unitarian Universalists Social Justice Committee supported the 
petition. The NRC staff discussed its review of the petition and the 
comments received in SECY-12-0079, ``Partial Closure of Petition for 
Rulemaking (PRM-72-6) C-10 Research and Education Foundation, Inc.,'' 
dated June 1, 2012 (ADAMS Package Accession No. ML12068A090).
    The comments were summarized in a Federal Register notice, dated 
October 16, 2012 (77 FR 63254). The NRC denied 9 of the petitioner's 12 
requests (Requests 1, 2, 3, 5-8, 10, and 12), accepted one request 
(Request 11) for consideration as part of the ongoing independent spent 
fuel storage installation (ISFSI) security rulemaking effort (RIN 3150-
A178; Docket ID NRC-2009-0558), and reserved 2 requests for future 
rulemaking determination (Requests 4 and 9) in that Federal Register 
notice. The two reserved requests, as stated in the petition, are:
    (1) Request 4: ``To require that dry casks are qualified for 
transport at the time of onsite storage approval certification. 
Transport capacity for shipment offsite must be required in the event 
of a future environmental emergency or for matters of security to an 
alternative storage location or repository and must be part of the 
approval criteria. NRC Chapter 1 of the Standard Review Plan (NUREG-
1567) should clearly define Part 72.122(i); 72.236(h); and in 
72.236(m).''
    (2) Request 9: ``To require a safe and secure hot cell transfer 
station coupled with an auxiliary pool to be built as part of an 
upgraded ISFSI design certification and licensing process. The utility 
must have dry cask transfer capability for maintenance as well as 
emergency situations after decommissioning for as long as the spent 
fuel remains onsite. The NRC has to date not approved a dry cask 
transfer system.''

II. Reasons for Denial

    The NRC is denying the petitioner's Requests 4 and 9, because the 
proposed changes to the NRC requirements are unnecessary to ensure safe 
and secure storage and transportation of spent fuel. The NRC had 
reserved a decision on these two requests, because the NRC staff was 
conducting an ongoing analysis of: (1) Spent fuel storage and 
transportation compatibility; (2) regulatory changes that might be 
necessary to continue safe storage of fuel in casks beyond the initial 
storage period over multiple renewal periods; (3) the behavior of high 
burnup fuel during extended storage periods; and (4) regulation of 
stand-alone ISFSIs. This analysis was being done as part of the NRC 
staff's work related to COMSECY-10-0007, ``Project Plan for the 
Regulatory Program Review to Support Extended Storage and 
Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel'' (ADAMS Accession No. 
ML101390413). Part of this analysis also involved evaluating the 
licensing programs for spent fuel storage for any improvements. As a 
consequence of this work, as well as considering information and 
insight from other sources, the NRC can now resolve the outstanding 
requests from the petitioner.

Petitioner Request 4

    The NRC is denying Request 4 for the following reasons. In 
reviewing Request 4, the NRC staff interpreted the petition to request 
that the NRC require that a transportation package certificate of 
compliance be approved at the same time as the onsite storage approval 
certification. The NRC's decision to deny Request 4 is based on this 
understanding of the request. In addition to the ongoing work related 
to COMSECY-10-0007 discussed above, the following efforts discussed in 
the project plan in COMSECY-10-0007 also relate specifically to Request 
4:

    The staff will evaluate the compatibility of 10 CFR part 71, 
`Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material,' and 10 CFR 
part 72, `Licensing Requirements for the Independent Storage of 
Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Reactor-
Related Greater than Class C Waste,' requirements to identify (1) 
areas of overlap where the requirements are substantially similar, 
(2) areas where the performance requirements are significantly 
different, (3) specific regulations that must be met for 
transportation for which there is no similar storage regulation, and 
(4) recommendations for improving the compatibility and efficiency 
of the 10 CFR parts 71 and 72 review processes. The staff will also 
evaluate the different types of currently authorized dry cask 
storage systems to identify any potential unique compatibility 
issues. This assessment will also consider potential integration of 
the storage and transportation safety reviews conducted under 10 CFR 
parts 71 and 72.

    As indicated above, there were four areas in which the staff was 
evaluating the compatibility of the requirements within 10 CFR part 71 
and 10 CFR part 72 related to storage and transportation of spent 
nuclear fuel. The NRC reserved its decision on Request 4 until the NRC 
staff had made sufficient progress on the four areas identified above. 
These efforts have provided the NRC with sufficient information to now 
make a decision on Request 4.
    The NRC staff's consideration of the compatibility of 10 CFR part 
71 and 10 CFR part 72, as part of the NRC staff's efforts related to 
COMSECY-10-0007, has informed recent safety evaluation reviews 
performed by the NRC staff of storage design certifications, such as 
new applications and renewals. Since the petition was received in 2008, 
the NRC staff has completed the review of 12 storage design 
applications; information on these reviews can be found at https://www.nrc.gov/waste/spent-fuel-storage/designs.html. The NRC staff's work 
on these storage and transportation compatibility considerations may be 
further documented in future revisions to the Standard Review Plans for 
Storage--NUREG-1536, Rev. 1, ``Standard Review Plan for Dry Cask 
Storage Systems'' (ADAMS Accession No. ML101040620); and NUREG-1567, 
``Standard Review Plan for Spent Fuel Dry Storage Facilities'' (ADAMS 
Accession No. ML003686776).
    The petitioner noted the potential for an environmental emergency 
or matter of security that would require transport of the spent fuel 
from storage to an alternate location as a basis for why transportation 
certification approval should be required at the time of storage 
certification. By design, dry storage systems are robust, passive 
systems and, as discussed above, transport is unlikely to be the best 
course of action in an emergency. These systems have been evaluated for 
several design basis events, including malicious acts. As the first 
step in addressing an environmental emergency or matter of security, 
the staff would not recommend

[[Page 41260]]

removal of the spent fuel from storage. The storage requirements in 10 
CFR part 72, in combination with the packaging and transportation 
requirements in 10 CFR part 71, are adequate to ensure safety. In the 
case of an environmental emergency, the best course of action would 
likely be to secure the area, contain the spent fuel, assess the 
situation, and to keep the spent fuel in storage until a more thorough 
evaluation of the situation has been completed. There are interim 
measures that can be taken to contain the spent fuel and to provide 
safety, such as restricting access to the area, putting up temporary 
physical barriers, and using temporary shielding. If it is determined 
that the spent fuel must be moved, the NRC has several regulatory 
options to ensure the safe transportation of the spent fuel, including 
issuing license amendments, issuing immediately effective orders, or 
evaluating requests for exemptions to the spent fuel transportation 
regulations in 10 CFR part 71. Under 10 CFR 71.12, ``Specific 
exemptions,'' the Commission may grant an exemption from the 
transportation requirements if it determines the exemption is 
authorized by law and will not endanger life or property or the common 
defense and security. This allows flexibility for the design and 
construction of transportation packaging if the controls proposed in 
the shipping procedures are demonstrated to be adequate to provide an 
equivalent level of safety of the shipment and its content.
    Dry storage system designs have become more standardized and many 
designs use a welded canister to provide one of the confinement 
barriers of the spent nuclear fuel. Because the welded canister 
provides confinement of the spent nuclear fuel, as required under 10 
CFR 72.122(h), removal of the fuel during storage should be unnecessary 
so long as the licensee is complying with the regulations to ensure 
safety measures are met. Additionally, for packaging and transporting 
welded canisters containing spent fuel, under 10 CFR part 71, most 
spent fuel cask vendors have compatible transportation packaging 
designs either approved or under development. For those limited, older 
systems that may not have been designed with transportation packaging 
as a consideration, an exemption can be issued in accordance with 10 
CFR 71.12 if the Commission determines that doing so will not endanger 
life or property or the common defense and security. This allows 
flexibility for the design and construction of transportation 
packaging, if the controls proposed in the shipping procedures are 
demonstrated to be adequate to provide an equivalent level of safety of 
the shipment and its content.
    In association with efforts related to COMSECY-10-0007, the NRC 
staff conducted a comparison of the requirements for storage systems in 
10 CFR part 72 and those for transportation packaging in 10 CFR part 71 
to identify any areas of incompatibility. This work began before 
receipt of the petition. The NRC staff found from this comparison that 
there are differences between these requirements, such as differences 
in thermal design criteria, confinement/containment design criteria, 
criticality design criteria and specific accident conditions design 
criteria. However, these differences do not preclude the safe packaging 
and transportation of spent fuel in casks designed for storage. As an 
example, there is a difference between the temperature criteria for 
transportation accident conditions and those for storage accident 
conditions. If it became necessary to remove the spent fuel casks from 
storage and transport them, in most cases the temperature criteria 
differences would not preclude the safe transport. Alternatively, an 
exemption could be issued in accordance with 10 CFR 71.12 if the 
transportation criteria were not met but the Commission determined that 
the transportation would not endanger life or property or the common 
defense and security.
    As required by 10 CFR part 72, cask storage systems must be 
designed to provide for safe and secure storage taking into 
consideration natural and human-induced events. For a specific license, 
the design basis events that must be evaluated are provided in: (1) 10 
CFR 72.92, ``Design basis external natural events,'' and (2) 10 CFR 
72.94, ``Design basis external man-induced events.'' Nuclear power 
reactor licensees are authorized to store spent fuel under the general 
license in 10 CFR 72.210, ``General license issued.'' A general 
licensee must choose a storage cask that has an NRC-issued certificate 
of compliance. The list of approved storage casks is provided in 10 CFR 
72.214, ``List of approved spent fuel storage casks.'' For these 
storage casks, the vendor has already evaluated the cask design against 
normal, off-normal, and accident conditions as required by 10 CFR 
72.236, ``Specific requirements for spent fuel storage cask approval 
and fabrication.'' The general licensees must meet the specific 
requirements found in 10 CFR 72.212, ``Conditions of general license 
issued under 10 CFR 72.210.'' The regulations in 10 CFR 72.212(b)(6) 
require the general licensee to review the safety analysis report 
referenced in the certificate or amended certificate and the related 
NRC safety evaluation report prior to use of the general license. The 
licensee must determine whether the reactor site parameters, including 
analyses of earthquake intensity and tornado missiles, are included 
within the cask design bases. In addition, the licensee must establish 
that the stored spent fuel will meet the design requirements for 
natural and human-induced events: (1) 10 CFR 72.212(b)(5)(ii) for 
static and dynamic loads and (2) 10 CFR 72.212(b)(9) which requires the 
general licensee to protect the spent fuel against the design basis 
threat of radiological sabotage in accordance with the requirements set 
forth in the licensee's physical security plan under 10 CFR 73.55, 
``Requirements for physical protection of licensed activities in 
nuclear power reactors against radiological sabotage.'' These 
requirements provide assurance that spent fuel storage casks are 
sufficiently robust to withstand environmental and security events 
included within the design bases.
    The safety of spent fuel storage has been demonstrated by operating 
experience. Subsequent to the NRC's earlier review of this petition, an 
earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the North Anna Nuclear Power 
Plant in Virginia. This earthquake was beyond the design basis event 
for which the spent fuel storage designs were evaluated. After the 
earthquake, North Anna Nuclear Power Plant personnel and 
representatives from the spent fuel storage system manufacturer 
conducted detailed inspections and monitoring. The NRC staff also 
conducted several inspections through an Augmented Inspection Team 
(ADAMS Accession No. ML113040031) at North Anna Nuclear Power Plant to 
evaluate and assess the plant conditions as well as the integrity and 
safety of onsite spent fuel storage systems. These inspections 
confirmed that there was no damage that had any impact on safety-
related features. Some casks experienced minor shifting on the pad that 
did not impact safety. The spent fuel continued to be surrounded by 
several tons of steel and concrete and the storage system seals were 
intact. Radiation surveys indicated no changes to cask surface dose 
rates, and there were no releases due to the shifting of the systems. 
As part of the outcome of the NRC's inspections, the licensee sought, 
and the NRC approved, an amendment to allow the casks that had shifted 
to remain in place rather than moving them back to the original 
location. Documentation related to these inspections is publicly 
available in

[[Page 41261]]

ADAMS and includes (1) information submitted as part of the amendment 
request submitted by the licensee (ADAMS Accession No. ML14160A707), 
(2) the Final Environmental Assessment (ADAMS Accession No. 
ML15022A575), and (3) the documentation related to Amendment 4 (ADAMS 
Package Accession No. ML15050A395) of the ISFSI license. The NRC's 
assessment of the earthquake at the North Anna Power Plant confirmed 
that the spent fuel storage casks could safely remain in place.
    The petitioner also stated that transport capacity for shipment 
offsite must be required for matters of security. As stated earlier in 
this document, moving the spent fuel offsite after an environmental 
emergency or security incident would likely not be the best course of 
action. Moving the spent fuel from storage onto a public highway or 
rail system represents a higher risk than protecting the spent fuel 
storage casks in place, because it increases the potential for 
unnecessary dose to workers or the public. Storage licensees must have 
security provisions in place that include physical barriers; 
surveillance; intrusion detection and response; and, if needed, 
assistance from local law enforcement, in accordance with 10 CFR part 
73, ``Physical Protection of Plants and Materials.'' These measures 
provide an adequate level of safety and security.
    Finally, the petitioner also stated that ``NRC Chapter 1 of the 
Standard Review Plan (NUREG-1567) should clearly define Part 72.122(i); 
72.236(h); and in 72.236(m).'' The petitioner did not provide any 
additional information regarding this statement. The NUREG-1567 
provides guidance to the NRC staff for reviewing applications for 
specific license approval for commercial ISFSIs. Granting the 
petitioner's request would not result in a rulemaking. The NRC staff 
will consider making the clarification when it works on the next 
revision of NUREG-1567.

Petitioner Request 9

    The NRC is denying Request 9 for the following reasons. After 
further evaluation of Request 9, and considering the information 
resulting from the NRC staff's work on COMSECY-10-0007, the NRC staff 
concludes that a hot cell transfer station coupled with an auxiliary 
pool is not needed because the requirements currently in place in 10 
CFR part 72 are adequate to ensure safety. In the Federal Register 
notice published in October 2012 that addressed the other requests in 
the petition, the NRC indicated that the need for a hot cell transfer 
station coupled with an auxiliary pool was still being evaluated as 
part of the NRC staff's review of the regulatory changes that might be 
necessary to safely store fuel for multiple renewal periods. The NRC 
staff stated that, ``as discussed in Section 3.1 of Enclosure 1 of 
COMSECY-10-0007, research is needed to develop the safety basis for the 
behavior of high burnup fuel during extended storage periods. Whether 
the fuel retains sufficient structural integrity for extended storage 
and eventual transportation may affect whether the NRC would require 
dry transfer capability at decommissioned reactors storing high burnup 
fuel.''
    The NRC periodically conducts research activities related to the 
storage of spent nuclear fuel to confirm the safety of operations and 
enhance the regulatory framework to address any changes in technology, 
science, and policies. The NRC conducts analyses of beyond design basis 
conditions to confirm that regulatory requirements continue to provide 
reasonable assurance for safe storage and transportation of spent 
nuclear fuel. Additionally, the NRC evaluates the performance of spent 
nuclear fuel under normal and accident conditions. Recent analyses 
included evaluation of the effects of high burnup fuel. Two recent 
studies related to these research activities were completed and 
published in 2015: (1) NUREG/CR-7198, ``Mechanical Fatigue Testing of 
High-Burnup Fuel for Transportation Applications,'' published in May 
2015 (ADAMS Accession No. ML15139A389), and (2) NUREG/CR-7203, ``A 
Quantitative Impact Assessment of Hypothetical Spent Fuel 
Reconfiguration in Spent Fuel Storage Casks and Transportation 
Packages,'' published in September 2015 (ADAMS Accession No. 
ML15266A413).
    The NUREG/CR-7198 documents an evaluation of the ability for high 
burnup fuel containing mostly circumferential hydrides to maintain its 
integrity under normal conditions of transport. Using an innovative 
testing system that imposes pure bending loads on the spent fuel rod, 
high burnup spent fuel rods underwent bending tests to simulate 
conditions relevant to both storage and transportation. The test 
results demonstrated that despite complexities and non-uniformities in 
the fuel cladding system, the high burnup fuel behaved in a manner that 
would be expected of more uniform materials.
    The NUREG/CR-7203 documents a quantitative assessment of the impact 
on the safety of spent nuclear fuel storage casks and transportation 
packages of bounding and very unlikely beyond design basis hypothetical 
changes of fuel geometry. The study examined the potential changes to 
criticality, shielding, confinement/containment, and thermal 
characteristics of the systems due to changes in fuel geometry. The 
purpose of this study was to determine whether high burnup fuel is safe 
for storage and transport under normal, off-normal, and hypothetical 
accident conditions. The detailed conclusions from this study are quite 
lengthy; however, in summary, the study concluded that:

    Overall, the safety impacts of fuel reconfiguration are system 
design, content type, and loading dependent. The areas and magnitude 
of the impact vary from cask/package design to cask/package design. 
It should also be noted that some of the scenarios are extreme and 
physically unlikely to occur; they represent bounding values. The 
spent fuel storage systems and transportation packages approved by 
the NRC to date provide reasonable assurance that they are safe 
under normal, off-normal, and hypothetical accident conditions as 
prescribed in 10 CFR part 71 and 72 regulations.

    The NRC staff recognized at the time of the initial review of the 
petition that ongoing research into the material properties of high 
burnup fuel could potentially result in a determination that high 
burnup fuel would require repackaging after a certain storage period. 
Therefore, this issue warranted further evaluation to determine if a 
regulatory requirement for dry transfer capability was needed before a 
final decision could be made on the petitioner's request. The NRC staff 
also recognized a potential issue with respect to degradation from 
aging of high burnup fuel that could cause damage to spent fuel 
cladding in storage. Based on evaluations of these potential issues in 
NUREG/CR-7198 and NUREG/CR-7203 the NRC has further evidence of 
reasonable assurance of adequate safety related to the mechanical 
behavior and potential degradation of high burnup fuel during extended 
storage and transportation for the systems approved to date.
    The NRC continuously monitors safety and security issues related to 
the storage of spent nuclear fuel, including results from safety 
inspections and additional studies, when applicable. If the NRC became 
aware of any safety or security issues that could impact public health 
and safety, or security, the NRC would take action. This could include 
issuing Orders, rulemaking, or revising guidance to clarify 
requirements.
    Additionally, when an ISFSI license is being evaluated for renewal, 
the licensee must establish an Aging Management Program (AMP) that

[[Page 41262]]

manages aging effects. The intent of the AMP is to detect, monitor, and 
mitigate aging effects that could impact the safe storage of spent 
fuel. The AMP is required under the provisions of Section 72.42, 
``Duration of license; renewal,'' paragraph (a)(2) and Section 72.240, 
``Conditions for spent fuel storage cask renewal,'' paragraph (c)(3), 
for storage cask renewals. An AMP includes subcomponents such as: (1) 
Dry shielded canister external surfaces, (2) concrete cask, (3) 
transfer cask, (4) transfer cask lifting yoke, (5) cask support 
platform, and (6) high burnup fuel. Since high burnup fuel is included 
as an AMP for license renewal, this provides defense-in-depth in 
ensuring the integrity of the fuel cladding during periods of extended 
operation.
    The NRC staff uses the guidance in NUREG-1927, ``Standard Review 
Plan for Renewal of Spent Fuel Dry Cask Storage System Licenses and 
Certificates of Compliance,'' published in March 2011 (ADAMS Accession 
No. ML111020115) in reviewing renewal applications for spent fuel dry 
cask storage systems and certificates of compliance.
    The NUREG-1927 is currently being revised to update guidance and to 
include information gained from the work previously discussed in this 
document. The revision to NUREG-1927 was noticed for public comment in 
the Federal Register on July 7, 2015 (80 FR 38780). The AMPs are 
consistent with 10 program elements that are described in NUREG-1927, 
including items such as the scope; preventive actions; parameters 
monitored or inspected; and detection of aging effects before there is 
a loss of any structure and component function, etc. The AMPs will help 
ensure timely detection, mitigation, and monitoring of any degradation 
mechanisms.
    An example of NRC staff's review of license renewal applications 
that include an AMP for high burnup fuel is the recently completed 
review of the license renewal application for the Calvert Cliffs ISFSI 
in October 2014 (ADAMS Package Accession No. ML14274A022). From this 
review, the NRC staff determined that the Calvert Cliffs ISFSI had met 
the requirements of 10 CFR 72.42(a), which addresses the duration of a 
license and renewal of such license. As previously discussed in this 
document, 10 CFR 72.42(a)(2) has a specific requirement for an AMP. The 
NRC staff concluded in the safety evaluation for this renewal (ADAMS 
Accession No. ML14274A038) that the dry cask storage systems are still 
robust and could be renewed.
    Additionally, the NRC has a defense-in-depth approach to safety 
that includes (1) requirements to design and operate spent fuel storage 
systems that minimize the possibility of degradation; (2) requirements 
to establish competent organizations staffed with experienced, trained, 
and qualified personnel; and (3) NRC inspections to confirm safety and 
compliance with requirements. Based on the NRC's current requirements, 
licensee maintenance and review programs, and NRC inspections, the NRC 
staff is confident that issues will be identified early to allow 
corrective actions to be taken in a timely fashion.
    In summary, the NRC has made significant progress on relevant 
regulatory efforts and evaluations discussed earlier in this document 
and information gained from that work contributed to current revisions 
of regulatory guidance, standard review plans, and the NRC staff's 
reviews of renewal applications. Based on the work performed to date, 
the results do not indicate a need to revise the regulations. Based on 
the NRC's review of the petition, the specific changes requested by the 
petitioner are not necessary to ensure safety and security. The storage 
and transportation regulations are robust, adequate, and sufficiently 
compatible to ensure safe and secure storage and transportation of 
spent nuclear fuel. The NRC staff continues to review and evaluate the 
storage of spent nuclear fuel and the safety of storage casks and 
ISFSIs. If a potential health, safety, or security issue is identified, 
the NRC will take action to address the concern.

III. Conclusion

    For the reasons cited in this document, the NRC is denying the 
petitioner's two requests from PRM-72-6 that were deferred pending 
additional research and evaluation on the storage of spent fuel 
storage. After completing its research, the NRC has concluded that the 
current regulatory requirements are adequate to protect public health 
and safety.

    Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 20th day of June, 2016.

    For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Annette L. Vietti-Cook,
Secretary of the Commission.
[FR Doc. 2016-14998 Filed 6-23-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 7590-01-P
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