Comprehensive Child Welfare Information System, 35449-35482 [2016-12509]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
• Office of the Secretary
• Administration for Children and Families

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 106 (Thursday, June 2, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 35449-35482]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-12509]



[[Page 35449]]

Vol. 81

Thursday,

No. 106

June 2, 2016

Part II





Department of Health and Human Services





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 Administration for Children and Families





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45 CFR Part 95 and Chapter III





Comprehensive Child Welfare Information System; Final Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 81 , No. 106 / Thursday, June 2, 2016 / Rules 
and Regulations

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Office of the Secretary

45 CFR Part 95

Administration for Children and Families

45 CFR Chapter XIII and Parts 1355 and 1356

RIN 0970-AC59


Comprehensive Child Welfare Information System

AGENCY: Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF), 
Administration for Children and Families (ACF), Department of Health 
and Human Services (HHS).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule replaces the Statewide and Tribal Automated 
Child Welfare Information Systems (S/TACWIS) rule with the 
Comprehensive Child Welfare Information System (CCWIS) rule. The rule 
also makes conforming amendments in rules in related requirements. This 
rule will assist title IV-E agencies in developing information 
management systems that leverage new innovations and technology in 
order to better serve children and families. More specifically, this 
final rule supports the use of cost-effective, innovative technologies 
to automate the collection of high-quality case management data and to 
promote its analysis, distribution, and use by workers, supervisors, 
administrators, researchers, and policy makers.

DATES: This final rule is effective: August 1, 2016.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Terry Watt, Director, Division of 
State Systems, Children's Bureau, Administration on Children, Youth, 
and Families, (202) 690-8177 (not a toll-free call) or by email at 
Terry.Watt@acf.hhs.gov. Deaf and hearing-impaired individuals may call 
the Federal Dual Party Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339 between 8:00 
a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
III. Overview of Final Rule
IV. Section-by-Section Discussion of Comments and Regulatory 
Provisions
V. Impact Analyses
    A. Executive Order 12866 and 13563
    B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
    C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    D. Paperwork Reduction Act
    E. Congressional Review
    F. Assessment on the Impact on Family Well-Being
    G. Executive Order 13132
    H. Tribal Consultation Statement

I. Background

Statutory Authority

    The statute at 42 U.S.C. 674(a)(3)(C) and (D) provides the 
authority for title IV-E agencies to access funding authorized under 
Title IV-E of the Social Security Act (title IV-E) for the planning, 
design, development, installation, and operation of a data collection 
and information retrieval system. The statute at 42 U.S.C. 674(c) 
includes the requirements a title IV-E agency must meet to receive 
federal financial participation (FFP) and further specifies the 
expenditures eligible for FFP.

Regulatory History

    ACF published the existing rule at 45 CFR 1355.50 through 1355.57 
in December 1993. In January 2012, ACF amended the SACWIS rule in 
response to passage of the Fostering Connections to Success and 
Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110-351) (Fostering 
Connections). Among many other provisions, Fostering Connections 
amended title IV-E of the Social Security Act (the Act) to include 
federally-recognized Indian tribes, tribal organizations and tribal 
consortia operating an approved title IV-E program. Through these 
amendments, the Tribal Automated Child Welfare Information System 
(TACWIS) became the designation for tribal systems meeting the 
requirements of Sec. Sec.  1355.50 through 1355.57.
    In the years since the SACWIS rule was published in 1993, child 
welfare practice changed considerably. It is challenging for state and 
tribal title IV-E agencies (as defined at Sec.  1355.20) to support 
practices that may vary within a jurisdiction with a single 
comprehensive information system. Additionally, information technology 
(IT) has advanced. The advancements in IT provide state and tribal 
title IV-E agencies with tools to rapidly share data among systems 
supporting multiple health and human service programs with increased 
efficiency. To address these practice challenges and IT changes, and 
allow agencies to improve their systems, this rule no longer requires 
agencies to use a single comprehensive system and instead, supports the 
use of improved technology to better support current child welfare 
practice. With this flexibility, state and tribal title IV-E agencies, 
as defined in Sec.  1355.20, can build less expensive modular systems 
that more closely mirror their practice models while supporting quality 
data. Furthermore, IT tools now can be effectively scaled to support 
smaller jurisdictions such as federally-recognized Indian tribes, 
tribal organizations, and tribal consortia (tribes) at a reasonable 
cost.

II. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    In developing the rule we engaged in an extensive consultation 
process. Starting in 2009, the Children's Bureau (CB) initiated a 
detailed analysis of the S/TACWIS rule to assess if there was a need to 
change it to better utilize newer technology and support the changing 
child welfare program. We examined approaches to encourage the 
implementation of information systems consistent with ACF's technology 
strategy of promoting program interoperability through data sharing; 
rapid, modular system development at lower costs; and greater 
efficiency through the adoption of industry standards. Our analysis 
also considered whether modifications were necessary to address 
changing business practice models, including the expanded use of 
private case managers, and approaches to provide flexibility to state 
and tribal title IV-E agencies in implementing child welfare systems. 
We solicited ideas from the public through a Federal Register notice on 
July 23, 2010 (75 FR 43188) and conducted a series of conference calls 
with interested stakeholder groups. We again solicited feedback through 
a Federal Register notice on April 5, 2011 and held a series of 
conference calls with interested stakeholder groups. Public comments in 
response to the 2010 and 2011 FR Notices are available for review at: 
https://www.regulations.gov. We issued a Federal Register notice on 
January 5, 2012 to announce that two tribal consultations concerning 
the S/TACWIS rule would be held on February 15 and 16, 2012. A full 
summary of the tribal consultation on child welfare automation can be 
found at: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/tribal-consultation-on-title-iv-e-information-systems-regulations.
    After gathering the information from consultation and conducting 
further internal deliberations, we published a notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM) on August 11, 2015 (80 FR 48200-748229) outlining our 
CCWIS proposal. We publicized the NPRM through CB's Web site and 
announcements distributed to tribes, states, vendors, advocacy groups, 
and other associations. We conducted three

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conference calls to provide these interested parties with an overview 
of the NPRM and encouraged them to submit comments. We received 40 
substantive and unduplicated submissions containing approximately 309 
comments and questions on the proposal. The commenters included 
representatives from 20 state child welfare agencies and 9 national 
child welfare organizations, other organizations, associations and 
advocacy groups, among others. We did not receive any comments from 
federally recognized Indian tribes, tribal consortia or tribal 
organizations.
    The public comments conveyed support for many of the general CCWIS 
concepts, particularly increased flexibility in the design and 
configuration of systems to support different child welfare practices, 
the emphasis on data and data quality instead of specific functions, 
and support for modular, standardized designs. The most prevalent 
comments we received were requests for more specific guidance on what 
data elements must be maintained in CCWIS and exchanged with other 
agencies; additional details regarding the data quality standards and 
the scope, burden, and cost of data quality reviews; and requests for 
increased flexibility for required data exchanges. We address all 
substantive comments in the section IV, Section-by-Section Discussion 
of Comments and Regulatory Provisions.

III. Overview of Final Rule

    We did not significantly change the rule from the proposal in most 
areas. Although many of the thoughtful comments led us to reconsider 
aspects of the proposed CCWIS rule, we found compelling reasons to 
retain key elements of the proposed CCWIS rule. An overview of this 
final CCWIS rule, the changes made in response to comments and 
implementation timeframes follows. A more detailed discussion of the 
public comments and resulting changes is in section IV of the preamble.

A. Overview of the Rule and Changes Made in Response to Comments

    This rule sets forth the requirements for an optional CCWIS. The 
major provisions of this rule include: (1) Providing title IV-E 
agencies with flexibility to determine the size, scope, and 
functionality of their information system; (2) allowing the agency to 
build a CCWIS to obtain required data from external information systems 
so that a copy of that data is then stored and managed in the CCWIS; 
(3) emphasizing data quality and requiring a new data quality plan; (4) 
requiring new bi-directional data exchanges and use of electronic data 
exchange standards that strengthen program integrity; and (5) promoting 
more efficient and less expensive development of reliable systems that 
follow industry design standards including development of independent, 
reusable modules. This rule also includes other provisions that provide 
title IV-E agencies with flexibility. Compliance with the provisions in 
this rule are determined through ACF review and approval of a state's 
or tribe's Advance Planning Documents (APD) or a Notice of Intent, 
where applicable, and through the use of federal monitoring.
    First, this rule provides title IV-E agencies with flexibility to 
build systems that align more closely to their business needs and 
practices by allowing each title IV-E agency to determine the size, 
scope, and functionality of their information system. The new CCWIS 
may: Contain all the functions required to collect and maintain CCWIS 
data (similar to a current S/TACWIS), be little more than a data 
repository that collects and exchanges data captured in other systems, 
or fall somewhere in between these two extremes. As discussed in 
section IV, these provisions of the rule remain unchanged from the 
NPRM.
    Second, data may be obtained from external information systems so 
that a copy of that data is then stored and managed in CCWIS. Although 
this rule requires CCWIS to maintain (store and manage) the required 
data, it allows CCWIS to obtain required data that is captured in 
external information systems. The rule also requires that CCWIS be the 
source of data for federally required and other agency reports. The 
most prevalent comments we received regarding these provisions were 
requests for more specific guidance on what data elements must be 
maintained in CCWIS and exchanged with other agencies. However, as 
discussed in section VI, these provisions of the rule remain unchanged 
from the NPRM.
    Third, this rule requires title IV-E agencies to develop and 
maintain a comprehensive data quality plan to monitor the title IV-E 
agency, and if applicable, child welfare contributing agency (CWCA) 
system(s) and processes to support complete, timely, accurate, and 
consistent data. The IV-E agency must also actively monitor, manage, 
and enhance data quality. This rule also includes new requirements to 
ensure that a CCWIS supports data quality by requiring agency reviews 
of automated and manual data collection processes, and by requiring the 
title IV-E agency to provide continuous data quality improvement, based 
on its review findings. As a result of comments we received, we 
clarified the regulatory language in Sec.  1355.52(d)(1)(i) of this 
rule that if two or more data quality standards apply to the same data 
(such as a federal standard and a state or tribal standard), ACF will 
expect the system to measure the more rigorous standard. In addition, 
to further clarify what data the title IV-E agency requests from CWCAs, 
in Sec.  1355.52(d)(2)(iii), we specify in the regulatory language that 
the title IV-E agency request ``current and historical CCWIS data'' 
rather than ``current and historical data.'' A number of commenters 
expressed concern about the burden associated with annual data quality 
reviews. Although we do not agree that requiring annual data quality 
reviews imposes any substantial burden, we changed Sec.  1355.52(d)(3) 
to instead require biennial title IV-E agency data quality reviews to 
provide title IV-E agencies with flexibility to maintain their current 
processes for such reviews, to the extent possible. We discuss these 
changes in detail in section IV.
    Fourth, this rule requires a CCWIS to include new bi-directional 
data exchanges and use of electronic data exchange standards that 
strengthen program integrity. This rule also requires title IV-E 
agencies to use an electronic data exchange standard to improve 
efficiency, reduce duplicate data collection, and promote a common 
understanding of data elements. The most frequent comments we received 
requested increased flexibility for required data exchanges. As a 
result of comments we received, we changed the regulatory language in 
Sec.  1355.52(e)(1) permitting only a single data exchange with each of 
the systems specified, to instead allow multiple data exchanges. In 
addition, to provide increased flexibility, we removed the requirement 
in Sec.  1355.52(f)(2), which proposed to require that the data 
exchange standard must apply to internal data exchanges between CCWIS 
automated functions where at least one of the automated functions meets 
the requirements of Sec.  1355.53(a). Finally, to correct an 
inconsistency between two paragraphs we made clarifying changes to 
Sec.  1355.57(a)(2)(ii) and (b)(2)(ii). We discuss these changes in 
detail in section IV.
    Fifth, the rule prioritizes more efficient and less expensive 
development of reliable systems that follow industry design standards. 
This rule requires CCWIS automated functions to be built as independent 
modules that may be reused in other

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systems or be replaced by newer modules with more capabilities. The 
title IV-E agency must follow industry standards when designing and 
building the automated modules. As discussed in section IV, these 
provisions of the rule remain unchanged from the NPRM.
    This rule also includes other provisions that provide title IV-E 
agencies with flexibility, such as a waiver process for title IV-E 
agencies to propose new approaches to designing IT systems and a 
transition period of 24 months. As discussed in section IV, these 
provisions of the rule remains unchanged from the NPRM.
    Finally, compliance with provisions in this rule are determined 
through ACF review and approval of a state's or tribe's APD or a Notice 
of Intent, where applicable, and through the use of federal monitoring. 
As a result of comments we received, Sec.  1355.58(a) further clarifies 
our intent that for development of a CCWIS only, ACF may suspend title 
IV-B and IV-E funding approved in the APD if ACF determines that the 
title IV-E agency fails to comply with the APD requirements. Some 
commenters were also concerned that the Notice of Intent required for 
projects under the $5 million threshold was excessively burdensome. To 
clarify that we don't intend the Notice of Intent as requiring 
extensive planning, we revised Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(i) to clarify that 
an agency only needs to provide a narrative outlining the agency's 
approach instead of a detailed project plan including tasks, schedules, 
and resources. We discuss these changes in detail in section IV.
    This rule will assist title IV-E agencies in developing systems 
that further contribute to improving outcomes for children and families 
with more flexible, modernized systems that support the efficient, 
economical, and effective administration of the plans approved under 
titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act.

B. Implementation Timeframe

    This rule provides a transition period of 24 months from the 
effective date of the rule, which ends on August 1, 2018. During the 
transition period, the title IV-E agency with a S/TACWIS or non-S/
TACWIS project must indicate whether it will: (1) Transition the S/
TACWIS or non-S/TACWIS to a CCWIS; (2) become a non-CCWIS; or (3) build 
a new CCWIS. The title IV-E agency does not need to finish the 
transition within the 24 months to be a CCWIS. A new CCWIS may be built 
at any time. The requirements that title IV-E agencies must comply with 
during the transition period are set forth in Sec.  1355.56. As 
discussed in section IV, the transition period set forth in the rule 
remains unchanged from the NPRM.

IV. Section-by-Section Discussion of Comments and Regulatory Provisions

    We did not significantly change the CCWIS final rule from the NPRM. 
Although many of the thoughtful comments led us to reconsider aspects 
of our proposal and make several technical revisions, we found 
compelling reasons to retain our proposal's provisions of the CCWIS 
proposed rule. Public comments and our responses are discussed below, 
with general comments first followed by comments organized by the 
section of the rule that they address.

General Comments

    Comment: One commenter asked that we specify the scope of 
flexibility provided title IV-E agencies to tailor CCWIS to meet their 
administrative, programmatic, and technical environments.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we cannot specify the scope 
of flexibility as each title IV-E agency's decisions and requirements 
determine the flexibility provided to a specific project. We provide 
more detail in our responses in the following sections concerning the 
flexibility provided by this rule. We note that we will review and 
respond to agency plans submitted with the documentation required per 
Sec.  1355.52(i)(1) on a case-by-case basis.
    Comment: One commenter noted that it may be difficult in states 
where different counties have different capabilities to implement a 
CCWIS all at once. The commenter recommended the rule permit states to 
build CCWIS in stages.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the APD rules permit title 
IV-E agencies to build CCWIS in stages.
    Comment: One commenter noted that they were unable to identify a 
reduction in system development effort between SACWIS and CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that S/TACWIS required title IV-
E agencies to build a system with automated functions to support all 
child welfare business practices. This rule permits title IV-E agencies 
to use automated functions in other existing systems to provide CCWIS 
data rather than building automated functions to collect the data.

Purpose. (Sec.  1355.50)

    We specify in Sec.  1355.50 that the purpose of Sec. Sec.  1355.50 
through 1355.59 is to set forth the requirements for receiving FFP as 
authorized under section 474(a)(3)(C) and (D) and 474(c) of the Act for 
the planning, design, development, installation, operation, and 
maintenance of a CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter requested that we require all title IV-E 
agencies to implement a CCWIS.
    Response: We did not make changes to this provision in response to 
this comment because the enabling statute at section 474(a)(3)(C) and 
(D) and 474(c) of the Act does not provide authority to require title 
IV-E agencies to implement a data collection and information retrieval 
system.

Definitions Applicable to Comprehensive Child Welfare Information 
Systems (CCWIS). (Sec.  1355.51)

    We specify in Sec.  1355.51 definitions applicable to Sec. Sec.  
1355.50 through 1355.59.
Case Management
    Comment: A number of commenters requested we define the term ``case 
management'' because CCWIS requires case management data and 
information on case management activities. One commenter recommended we 
limit the definition to the development and oversight of case plans for 
children and families. Another commenter noted that that state's law 
mandated that only state or county employees could provide case 
management services.
    Response: We did not make any changes to address these comments. 
ACF has not defined the term ``case management'' because states and 
tribes define ``case management'' differently due to varying laws, 
policies, and practices. The rule continues this flexibility.
    Although title IV-E agencies have their own definitions and 
describe case management activities in a cost allocation plan (CAP) or 
cost allocation methodology (CAM), in the NPRM we identified activities 
considered ``case management'' to include information such as child and 
family histories, assessments, contact notes, calendars, services 
recommended and delivered, eligibility for programs and services, and 
client outcomes. In addition, commenters may look to other examples of 
case management activities provided in ACF guidance, including:
     The S/TACWIS rule published in 1993 described case 
management to include: Determining eligibility and supporting the 
caseworker's determination of whether continued service is warranted, 
the authorization and issuance of appropriate payments, the preparation 
of service plans, determining whether the agency can

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provide services, authorizing services and managing the delivery of 
services. (80 FR 26832)
     Section 106 of CAPTA provides examples of ``case 
management'' including ``ongoing case monitoring, and the delivery of 
services and treatment provided to children and their families.''
     The title IV-E quarterly financial reporting form (the CB-
496), provides examples of case management activities including 
referral to services, preparation for and participation in judicial 
proceedings and placement of the child, and accessing the Federal 
Parent Locator Service to search for relatives.
Child Welfare Contributing Agency
    We define ``child welfare contributing agency'' as a public or 
private entity that, by contract or agreement with the title IV-E 
agency, provides child abuse and neglect investigations, placements, or 
child welfare case management (or any combination of these) to children 
and families.
    Comment: A few commenters requested changes in the definition of 
child welfare contributing agency (CWCA). Some suggested narrower 
definitions, such as a definition to exclude foster family agencies 
that provide for the daily care and supervision of foster children as 
well as provide supportive services because some of these foster family 
agencies may not have the capacity to collect child welfare service 
data and this may result in greater costs to agencies.
    Response: We did not make any changes to the definition of CWCA to 
exclude foster family agencies from the definition to the extent they 
provide child abuse and neglect investigations, placements, and child 
welfare case management. This is because the data related to these 
activities conducted by a foster family agency is CCWIS data (as 
required by Sec.  1355.52(b)) needed for the efficient, economical, and 
effective administration of the title IV-B and title IV-E programs.
    We understand that, in addition to child welfare services, some 
CWCAs may provide other supportive services such as substance abuse 
treatment and parent training. Title IV-E agencies are not required to 
maintain in a CCWIS supportive service data from CWCAs. We also note 
that title IV-E agencies may support CWCA data collection capacity with 
CCWIS rather than requiring CWCAs to develop a separate system at 
additional cost.
    Comment: Some commenters want an expanded definition of CWCA to 
include agencies providing services other than child abuse and neglect 
investigations, placements, or child welfare case management. One 
commenter suggested we expand the definition of CWCA to include 
agencies providing services such as substance abuse treatment and 
parenting classes. Other commenters suggested the definition 
accommodate adding, at the title IV-E agency's discretion, other 
programs and systems.
    Response: We did not expand the definition in response to these 
comments. While many title IV-E agencies work with agencies providing 
other services such as substance abuse treatment and parenting classes, 
expanding the definition to include agencies providing services other 
than child abuse and neglect investigations, placements, or child 
welfare case management would increase the burden on title IV-E 
agencies by requiring them to collect this data electronically from an 
expanded array of service providers. However, title IV-E agencies may, 
at their discretion, collect other data electronically from CWCAs or 
other entities and include it in CCWIS per our rule authorizing title 
IV-E agencies to implement optional data exchanges (Sec.  1355.54).
    Comment: One commenter requested that the rule clarify how the 
definition of child welfare contributing agency applies to county 
administered states in which county public entities (County Children 
and Youth Agencies) provide child abuse and neglect investigations, 
placements, or child welfare case management services or may contract 
with private agencies for these services.
    Response: We would like to clarify that counties are political 
subdivisions of the state and that the single state title IV-E agency 
designated in the state's title IV-B and IV-E plan supervises the 
administration of county administered IV-B and IV-E programs. 
Therefore, counties in county administered states are not considered 
CWCAs. Section 471(a)(2) of the Act and 45 CFR 205.100 provides the 
authority and parameters by which a single state title IV-E agency may 
delegate the administration of the title IV-E program to the state's 
political subdivisions and local agencies or offices. We recognize that 
political subdivisions and organizational structures within states and 
tribes vary, and we will provide further technical assistance on a 
case-by-case basis.
    We received no comments on other definitions in Sec.  1355.51and do 
not make any changes to the definitions in the final rule.

CCWIS Project Requirements (Sec.  1355.52)

    In paragraph (a), we specify that the system must support the 
efficient, economical, and effective administration of the title IV-B 
and IV-E plans.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended supplementing this 
requirement with language indicating that CCWIS should support outcomes 
for families and children, improved practice, and meeting agency needs.
    Response: We did not make a change to this paragraph because this 
requirement reiterates statutory language. However, we agree with the 
commenter that CCWIS should support outcomes for families and children, 
improved practice and meeting agency needs, and thus the rule supports 
this requirement. For example, see the requirements under Sec.  
1355.52(b), (c) and (e) which require that data, reporting, and data 
exchanges support these goals by collecting, reporting, and exchanging 
data to support child safety, permanency, and well-being.
    Comment: One commenter noted we used the terms ``efficient,'' 
``reasonable'' and ``appropriate'' in the NPRM and asked how we will 
measure these qualities.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we determine ``efficient,'' 
``reasonable'' and ``appropriate'' as described in each title IV-E 
agency's APD.
    In paragraph (a)(1), we specify that the system must improve 
program management and administration by maintaining all program data 
required by federal, state, or tribal law or policy.
    Comment: We received one comment requesting clarification on the 
phrase ``maintaining all program data required by federal, state or 
tribal law or policy.''
    Response: We consolidated this clarification with related questions 
about CCWIS data. Please see our responses in paragraph (b).
    In paragraph (a)(2), we proposed that the system must appropriately 
apply computer technology.
    Comment: One commenter recommended revising our proposed language 
in the NPRM to remove the term ``computer'' from this paragraph and 
elsewhere in the rule, as the term does not accurately reflect the 
technologies available or anticipated for the future.
    Response: We agree that the preferable terminology to the term 
``computer'' is ``information'' and have made the change in this 
paragraph. This is the only revision we find necessary as the term does 
not appear elsewhere in Sec. Sec.  1355.50 through 1355.59. It appears

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once in 45 CFR 95.625, however, we are not changing the term here to 
preserve consistency with the other references to ``computer'' in Part 
95.
    In paragraph (a)(3), we specify that the project must not require 
duplicative application system development or software maintenance.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and are not making 
changes in the rule.
    In paragraph (a)(4), we specify that project costs must be 
reasonable, appropriate, and beneficial.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and are not making 
changes in the rule.
    In paragraph (b), we specify the data the title IV-E agency's CCWIS 
must maintain.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended modifying the requirement 
to permit the use of a centralized data warehouse (in addition to a 
CCWIS production database) that is part of the overall CCWIS design.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency may 
maintain CCWIS data in a CCWIS production database (which is a database 
processing CCWIS transactions) and a data warehouse (which is a 
database used for reporting and data analysis) provided all CCWIS 
automated functions seamlessly access data from both the database and 
data warehouse. For example, when generating a report or completing a 
task that requires data from both the database and data warehouse, 
CCWIS must be able to immediately access needed data.
    Comment: Some commenters noted it was burdensome to store all CCWIS 
data in the CCWIS and recommended allowing CCWIS data to be stored in 
other systems, such as CWCA systems.
    Response: Storing data within CCWIS ensures the title IV-E agency 
controls and safeguards the data. We are not making a change in 
response to this comment because CCWIS data that only resides in CWCA 
systems could be lost under a variety of circumstances, such as if the 
CWCA goes out of business, or the contract with the title IV-E agency 
ends abruptly. Data maintained in other systems could also be lost if 
the system is upgraded or replaced. Also, storing data in the CCWIS 
instead of in other systems facilitates continuity of care because 
CCWIS can share the CCWIS data collected by one CWCA with others as 
children and families move between jurisdictions and providers. This 
requirement is less burdensome than the S/TACWIS rules, which required 
all CWCAs to use the S/TACWIS, because it provides title IV-E agencies 
the option to allow CWCAs to use systems other than CCWIS.
    Comment: Commenters expressed concerns about the increased data 
collection burden due to the amount of data the title IV-E agency's 
CCWIS must maintain. For example, some commenters cited the challenges 
in collecting required consistent and uniform data from CWCAs.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment. 
The requirement for a CCWIS to maintain the specific data described in 
the paragraph is unchanged from the data captured by the S/TACWIS 
required functions. We believe burden is reduced because, unlike S/
TACWIS, CCWIS is not required to directly capture all CCWIS data. Title 
IV-E agencies may either include the data capturing functions in CCWIS 
or permit other systems to capture the data and provide it to CCWIS via 
data exchanges per Sec.  1355.52(e). We will provide technical guidance 
to assist agencies with implementing the new flexibility to capture 
required consistent and uniform data from CWCAs.
    We would like to clarify that the paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv) 
and paragraphs (b)(2) through (4) define categories of data that may 
overlap, and are not mutually exclusive lists of data. For example, 
some of the federally required Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and 
Reporting System (AFCARS) and National Youth in Transition Database 
(NYTD) data (such as client demographic data) may be required by states 
and tribes to meet agency-specific needs. This reuse of data across 
multiple requirements reduces burden.
    Comment: A number of commenters requested clarification on how a 
CCWIS is required to ``maintain'' data.
    Response: In the NPRM preamble, we explained that maintaining CCWIS 
data (which is data needed for federal or agency purposes, as defined 
in this paragraph) includes storing and sharing data while monitoring 
data quality. Storing data within CCWIS ensures the title IV-E agency 
controls and safeguards the data. CCWIS storage may include a data 
warehouse. CCWIS must share the stored data, if permissible, with other 
systems as needed. Sharing CCWIS data helps other programs and 
providers coordinate services to children and families. CCWIS must 
monitor the quality of stored data as described in paragraph (d)(2). 
High quality data supports the delivery of effective, economical, and 
effective services, which support improved outcomes for clients.
    In paragraph (b)(1) we specify that the CCWIS maintain all federal 
data required to support the efficient, effective, and economical 
administration of the programs under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act. 
In paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv), we specify that CCWIS must 
maintain data required for: Ongoing federal child welfare reports, 
title IV-E eligibility determinations, authorizations of services and 
other expenditures that may be claimed for reimbursement under titles 
IV-B and IV-E; supporting federal child welfare laws, regulations, and 
policies; supporting federal audits, reviews, and other monitoring 
activities.
    Comment: A few commenters were concerned that CCWIS data and the 
rules associated with the data may not be consistent with federal 
reporting requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that CCWIS data needed for 
federal reporting must comply with, and thereby be consistent with, 
federal reporting requirements.
    Comment: Many commenters requested we specify the federal data that 
CCWIS must maintain in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv). Some 
commenters suggested we work with agencies to establish a set of 
required data and provide agencies with the flexibility to determine 
what additional data to collect.
    Response: We are not making any changes in response to these 
comments because the federal data that title IV-E agencies must 
maintain in CCWIS is already defined in federal child welfare laws, 
regulations, and policies. The data requirements list categories of 
data rather than specifying a comprehensive set of federal data because 
we determined that such specificity would require CCWIS regulatory 
amendments each time there is a change in federal law and policy. This 
paragraph already provides title IV-E agencies with the flexibility to 
design CCWIS to meet specific state and tribal needs by collecting 
data, in addition to the required federal data, the agency requires to 
fulfill its mission and efficiently, economically, and effectively 
administer its child welfare programs.
    Although we are not making any changes in response to these 
comments, we would like to clarify the types of data included in 
paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv).
    In paragraph (b)(1)(i), we specify that CCWIS maintain data 
required for ongoing federal child welfare reports. However, the 
federal report data CCWIS must maintain varies depending on the 
requirements for the federal report as

[[Page 35455]]

shown in the following three examples: (1) All AFCARS data must be 
maintained in CCWIS per section 474(a)(3)(C)(i) of the Act; (2) NYTD 
outcomes information may be maintained in external systems as described 
in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-10-04, although CCWIS must maintain 
NYTD case management data; (3) Financial information for the CB-496, 
such as training costs, demonstration project costs, and administrative 
costs, may be maintained in a separate financial system that exchanges 
data with CCWIS per paragraph (e)(1)(i). Other data, such as the 
average monthly number of children receiving title IV-E Foster Care 
maintenance assistance payments, may be derived from CCWIS case 
management and placement records.
    In paragraph (b)(1)(ii), we specify that CCWIS maintain data for 
title IV-E eligibility determinations, authorizations of services, and 
expenditures under title IV-B and IV-E. We would like to clarify that 
data necessary for title IV-E eligibility determinations includes data 
such as the factors used to demonstrate the child would qualify for 
AFDC under the 1996 plan, placement licensing and background check 
information, and court findings. Data required for authorizations of 
services and other expenditures under titles IV-B and IV-E includes 
data such as documentation of services authorized, records that the 
services were delivered, payments processed, and payment status, 
including whether the payment will be allocated to one or more federal, 
state, or tribal programs for reimbursement, and the payment amount 
allocated. As noted in our response to paragraph (b)(1)(i), financial 
information may be maintained in a financial system exchanging data 
with CCWIS.
    In paragraph (b)(1)(iii), which requires CCWIS to maintain data 
documenting interactions with and on behalf of clients that the title 
IV-E agency determines is needed to support federal child welfare laws, 
regulations, and policies, we would like to clarify that this includes 
data such as case management information, recommended services, 
placement data, and licensing information on foster care providers. We 
are not requiring CCWIS to maintain policy documents, program 
assessments, and program-wide reports such as title IV-E plans. 
However, we encourage title IV-E agencies to supplement such reports 
with CCWIS data as needed. For example, agencies may incorporate 
demographic profiles of the child welfare population into the Child and 
Family Service Plan or use data on delivered services in the Annual 
Progress and Services Report.
    In paragraph (b)(1)(iv), which specifies case management data, we 
would like to clarify that this includes data such as case management 
data collected in the course of case work with clients (such as abuse 
and neglect reports, case plans, and placement histories) that may be 
needed for a Child and Family Services Review (CFSR). However, CCWIS is 
not required to maintain the supplemental information reviewers use 
such as client surveys, focus group results, pilot data manually 
collected, and interview narratives.
    Finally, we would like to clarify that a federal review may lead to 
requirements to collect new data elements. For example, if a CFSR 
review finds that the title IV-E agency must collect certain child 
welfare data to effectively monitor cases, this would become required 
data for that agency's CCWIS.
    We will use the federal laws, regulations, and polices effective at 
the time of a CCWIS review to determine compliance with paragraph (b) 
and paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iv). We will provide technical 
assistance as federal data requirements change.
    In paragraph (b)(2), we specify that the CCWIS maintain the data to 
support state or tribal laws, regulations, policies, practices, 
reporting requirements, audits, program evaluations, and reviews.
    Comment: Commenters expressed concern with the burden associated 
with the requirements for the CCWIS to maintain specific state and 
tribal data identified in the paragraph.
    Response: We do not agree that the burden will necessarily increase 
under this rule. Although this rule permits title IV-E agencies to 
maintain additional data in the CCWIS that the state or tribe feels is 
needed to administer its child welfare programs, the requirements under 
this rule do not exceed the burden currently required in a S/TACWIS. We 
encourage title IV-E agencies to reduce the data burden by verifying 
that all data maintained in the CCWIS is required to support a clearly 
defined federal, state, or tribal purpose.
    Comment: Several comments asked how we would determine compliance 
with this requirement.
    Response: We will determine compliance with this requirement by 
reviewing state and tribal laws, regulations, policies, and practices 
in consultation with title IV-E agency representatives. For example, to 
determine if CCWIS maintains the data necessary to support state or 
tribal practices, we will consider the information needs of CWCAs and 
other title IV-E systems external to CCWIS, as described in paragraph 
(e)(1)(iv). If we document a pattern of CWCAs re-entering information 
clients provided to other CWCAs, that may suggest that the data should 
be in CCWIS and shared with CWCAs to prevent the duplicate entry of 
needed data. In such circumstances, we will work with the title IV-E 
agency to determine if the data should be classified as CCWIS data and 
exchanged with the IV-E agency's CCWIS.
    Comment: Some commenters recommended specific data that we should 
require title IV-E agencies to maintain in the CCWIS, including data 
concerning treatment for substance abuse, mental health, other forms of 
treatment, and treatment outcomes.
    Response: We are not making changes as a result of these comments. 
We would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies may maintain 
treatment data in its CCWIS as long as it supports a state or tribal 
agency need. However, we are not requiring all title IV-E agencies to 
maintain this data to preserve agency flexibility to implement a CCWIS 
tailored to their needs.
    Comment: Some commenters requested that the CCWIS rule state that 
we support the continuous improvement and evolution of child welfare 
practice with flexible child welfare systems.
    Response: We agree that this paragraph's requirement that CCWIS 
support state and tribal laws, regulations, polices, and practices 
promotes the continuous improvement and evolution of child welfare 
practice.
    In paragraph (b)(3), we specify that, for states, the CCWIS 
maintain data to support specific measures taken to comply with the 
requirements in section 422(b)(9) of the Act regarding the Indian Child 
Welfare Act.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that states use electronic data 
exchanges with tribes to improve Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) 
compliance.
    Response: ACF is committed to offering technical assistance to 
states regarding the implementation of ICWA. We agree that electronic 
data exchanges between states and tribes are beneficial. However, we 
are not making a change to this paragraph because we want to maintain 
flexibility to permit states and tribes to determine the data sharing 
approach appropriate for different circumstances. However, we note that 
optional electronic data exchanges between CCWIS and tribal systems are 
permitted per Sec.  1355.54.

[[Page 35456]]

    Comment: One commenter recommended we define specific data elements 
to address ICWA protections for children served by tribal child welfare 
systems and strengthen data related to ICWA eligibility.
    Response: On April 7, 2016, ACF published a supplemental notice of 
proposed rulemaking (SNPRM) focused on the collection and reporting of 
additional ICWA-related data elements in AFCARS (81 FR 20283). Based on 
this separate rulemaking process that has yet to be finalized, we are 
not making changes to this paragraph. However, it is important to 
emphasize that CCWIS must maintain data to support specific measures 
taken to comply with the requirements in section 422(b)(9) of the Act 
regarding the Indian Child Welfare Act and AFCARS regulations. As 
AFCARS regulations are updated to include ICWA-related data elements or 
other changes, the CCWIS regulations require title IV-E agencies to 
update their data collection systems to meet new standards, per section 
474(a)(3)(C)(i) of the Act.
    In paragraph (b)(4), we specify that the CCWIS maintain, for each 
state, data for the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System 
(NCANDS).
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes in 
the rule.
    In paragraph (c), we specify requirements for using the CCWIS data 
in paragraph (b) for required reports.
    Comment: Several commenters asked if the reporting requirements 
limited CCWIS to a single production database. They recommended that we 
modify the requirement to permit the use of a data warehouse to support 
data analysis and reporting functions.
    Response: We did not change this requirement because this rule does 
not prohibit maintaining CCWIS data in a data warehouse.
    In paragraph (c)(1), we specify that the system generate, or 
contribute to, title IV-B and IV-E federal reports according to 
applicable formatting and submission requirements using data maintained 
in the CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter requested we incorporate key elements from 
AFCARS into this rule because it would help match up AFCARS 
requirements with CCWIS requirements.
    Response: We did not make a change in response to this comment 
because paragraph (c) already requires CCWIS to support federal reports 
that support programs and services described in title IV-B and title 
IV-E of the Act, including AFCARS. This approach allows for AFCARS 
rules to change, without also requiring the CCWIS rules to change. On 
February 9, 2015, ACF published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to 
amend the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System 
(AFCARS) regulations to modify the requirements for title IV-E agencies 
to collect and report data to ACF on children in out-of-home care and 
who were adopted or in a legal guardianship with a title IV-E 
subsidized adoption or guardianship agreement. On April 7, 2016, ACF 
published a Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that proposed to 
require that state title IV-E agencies collect and report additional 
data elements related to the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) in 
the AFCARS.
    In paragraph (c)(2), we specify that the system generate or 
contribute to reports that support programs and services described in 
title IV-B and title IV-E of the Act and are needed to support state or 
tribal child welfare laws, regulations, policies, practices, reporting 
requirements, audits, and reviews using data maintained in CCWIS.
    Comment: Some commenters interpreted this paragraph as requiring 
CCWIS to produce reports that are not needed for child welfare case 
management, such as title IV-B reports and title IV-E quarterly 
financial reporting and expenditures. Commenters expressed concern that 
the reporting requirements were too expansive.
    Response: We did not change the reporting requirements to address 
this comment. We would like to clarify that while we require CCWIS to 
provide CCWIS data as needed for reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) 
and (2), CCWIS is not required to produce every agency report. If CCWIS 
maintains a subset of a required report's data, CCWIS is not required 
to generate the complete report, but must provide the data maintained 
in the CCWIS for incorporation into the report. Agencies may decide how 
to provide the data. For example:
     CCWIS may transmit available NYTD data to a system that 
collects NYTD survey data and generates the federal report.
     CCWIS may support financial audits by providing data on 
authorized placements and services to a data warehouse where it is 
merged with data on related expenditures to create audit trails.
     CCWIS may provide a hardcopy summary of demographic and 
placement statistics that staff add to a narrative report demonstrating 
progress on CFSR goals.
     Data analysts may use a spreadsheet of CCWIS data to 
develop reports on trends in child welfare.
    If CCWIS maintains all the data required for a report, the report 
must be generated entirely from that data. For example, even if CWCAs 
collect AFCARS data, the AFCARS report must be generated from the data 
provided by CWCAs and maintained in CCWIS.
    In paragraph (d), we describe the data quality requirements for 
CCWIS.
    In paragraph (d)(1) we specify the CCWIS data quality and 
confidentiality requirements applicable to CCWIS data described in 
Sec.  1355.52(b).
    Comment: We received a general comment requesting that we specify 
the data quality standards so that title IV-E agencies can estimate the 
effort to meet the data quality standards.
    Response: We did not make any changes as a result of this comment. 
We discuss data quality standards in our responses below. However, we 
agree that title IV-E agencies should evaluate the effort needed to 
develop a fully complaint CCWIS. To provide sufficient time for this 
evaluation, we allow a 2-year transition period as described in Sec.  
1355.56. We also intend to provide technical assistance and guidance 
regarding data quality to assist title IV-E agencies.
    Comment: A few commenters asked that we clarify the expectations 
for managing the quality of data received via a bi-directional data 
exchange.
    Response: We did not make any changes as a result of this comment. 
Title IV-E agencies may take into account data sources when 
establishing data quality standards and how data should be verified and 
used. Different standards may be appropriate for different sources. For 
example, title IV-E agencies can establish data quality standards 
applicable to CWCAs in contracts or agreements and require CWCAs to 
conform to the standard. IV-E agencies should follow their state or 
tribal governance procedures for defining expectations for data quality 
standards between CCWIS and other agencies such as title IV-D, title 
IV-A, education, and the courts. While we encourage programs to 
collaborate to improve data quality, we do not have the authority to 
require other programs to comply with title IV-E agency data quality 
standards and defer to the state or tribe's governance structures to 
address issues with the quality of data received via a bi-directional 
data exchange. We intend to offer technical assistance related to bi-
directional data exchanges to assist program interoperability.

[[Page 35457]]

    Comment: One commenter recommended that the rule specify data 
security requirements. A few commenters asked if CCWIS, like S/TACWIS, 
established archiving and purging requirements.
    Response: We did not make any changes to paragraph (d) because the 
data security, archiving, and purging requirements are addressed in the 
APD rule at 45 CFR 95.621(f) and the program rule at 45 CFR 92.42. The 
rule at Sec.  1355.30 applies the requirements at 45 CFR 92.42 amd 
95.621(f) to programs funded under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act.
    In paragraph (d)(1)(i), we proposed that CCWIS data meet the 
applicable federal, and state or tribal standards for completeness, 
timeliness and accuracy.
    Comment: A number of commenters requested that ACF define the data 
quality standards for CCWIS data elements. Some recommended that ACF 
partner with title IV-E agencies and other stakeholders to define the 
standards.
    Response: We did not make changes to the rule as a result of these 
comments. We would like to clarify that the federal data quality 
standards are defined in federal laws, regulations, and policies 
including, but not limited to, the AFCARS rule at Sec.  1355.40 and the 
NYTD rule at Sec.  1356.80. These national standards apply to all title 
IV-E agencies. We will not define the data quality standards for state 
or tribal data as those standards are determined by each state's or 
tribe's laws, regulations, policies, and practices. Imposing national 
data quality standards for state and tribal data would prevent a title 
IV-E agency from implementing a CCWIS tailored to its needs.
    Comment: A number of commenters requested additional information on 
how ACF will evaluate and measure data quality. One commenter noted 
that without this information it would be difficult to define 
expectations for the program staff.
    Response: We made a change to the rule to address this comment by 
inserting the phrase ``the most rigorous of'' after ``meet'' so the 
paragraph reads that the CCWIS data described in paragraph (b) of this 
section must: ``Meet the most rigorous of the applicable federal, and 
state or tribal standards for completeness, timeliness, and accuracy.''
    This means if two or more standards apply to the same data (such as 
a federal standard and a state or tribal standard), ACF will expect the 
system to measure the more rigorous standard. For example, if one 
timeliness standard required updating certain CCWIS data in seven days 
and a second standard sets a two-day limit, ACF will expect that the 
system apply the two-day standard when evaluating the quality of the 
required data. Designing the CCWIS to measure or support a more 
rigorous standard will allow the IV-E agency to build systems to 
support their need without affecting federal reviews that focus on a 
less rigorous standard.
    Concerning the standards we will apply, we would like to clarify 
that we will use the more rigorous standards upon which the system was 
designed. We will provide technical assistance as needed to clarify 
these data quality standards.
    Title IV-E agencies must submit their proposed data quality 
standards in the data quality plan required in paragraph (d)(5). ACF 
will approve the standards or note needed changes.
    Comment: A commenter asked if we were continuing the SACWIS 
requirements concerning auditability and data freezing.
    Response: We would like to clarify that freezing data to preserve 
data at a specific point in time for later audits (such as freezing 
child abuse and neglect reports that may be subject to internal or 
judicial review) is an example of maintaining complete and accurate 
data that is covered by this requirement.
    Comment: One commenter asked for clarification on how data quality 
standards would apply in circumstances where data is missing or 
unknown, such as when a reporter of a child abuse or neglect incident 
does not know certain information.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency may 
specify conditions where data is not required or to indicate data is 
unknown in the data quality standard.
    In paragraph (d)(1)(ii), we specify that data be consistently and 
uniformly collected by CCWIS and, if applicable, child welfare 
contributing agency systems.
    In paragraph (d)(1)(iii), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
must exchange and maintain CCWIS data in accordance with the 
confidentiality requirements of applicable federal and state or tribal 
laws.
    In paragraph (d)(1)(iv), we specify that the CCWIS data described 
in revised Sec.  1355.52(b) must support child welfare policies, goals, 
and practices.
    We did not make any changes to paragraphs (d)(1)(ii) through (iv) 
in the rule. We received no comments other than comments requesting we 
specify the data supporting child welfare policies and practice, which 
we responded to in our responses to paragraph (b).
    In paragraph (d)(1)(v), we specify that the CCWIS data described in 
revised Sec.  1355.52(b) must not be created by default or 
inappropriately assigned.
    Comment: One commenter requested we modify this requirement to 
permit default data that is accurate in all cases. The commenter gave 
examples of pre-filling: (1) The state name with the state in which the 
case worker resides; (2) pre-populating a worker's supervisor's name; 
and (3) pre-filling other fields based on previously entered data.
    Response: We are not making a change based on this comment because 
all examples demonstrate the automatic calculation of data based on 
information previously known to the system, which is allowable, rather 
than an automatic creation of the same default data in all 
circumstances, which is prohibited.
    In paragraph (d)(2), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
implement and maintain automated functions in CCWIS to maintain data 
quality.
    Comment: One commenter noted that the required automation support 
for data quality contradicted the rule's goals of requiring outcomes 
but not requiring functionality.
    Response: We would like to clarify that while the rule emphasizes 
outcomes, paragraph (d) and the following sub-paragraphs require 
certain automated functionality, including automated functions to 
support data quality. Supporting data quality is critical to improved 
outcomes for children and families.
    Comment: A few commenters noted that the rule should not mandate 
specific automated functions but permit title IV-E agencies to 
implement automated functions that most efficiently and effectively 
meet data quality goals.
    Response: We are not making changes in response to this comment 
because the requirements in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (v) do not 
mandate specific automated functions but provide flexibility by 
allowing agencies to determine the most efficient and effective methods 
to support data quality.
    In paragraph (d)(2)(i), we specify that CCWIS regularly monitor 
CCWIS data quality through automated functions.
    Comment: Several commenters requested we specify the metrics and 
standards we will use when auditing title IV-E agency compliance with 
this requirement and if those metrics and standards go beyond what is 
included in the agency's state plan. Commenters recommended audits 
focus on the most critical data elements.

[[Page 35458]]

    Response: We would like to clarify that we will use the title IV-E 
agency's data quality plan as the basis for the metrics and standards 
when determining agency compliance with the data quality requirements, 
including this requirement. We encourage agencies to propose efficient, 
economical, effective strategies in their plans, such as targeting 
critical data elements for greater data quality efforts.
    ACF will assess the effectiveness of the agency's data quality plan 
in a variety of ways including review of the data quality status 
reports described in paragraph (d)(5)(ii) and on-site reviews described 
in Sec.  1355.55.
    Comment: One commenter asked us to clarify the anticipated impact 
of the requirement to actively monitor data.
    Response: We anticipate that active automated data quality 
monitoring will increase the efficiency of the data quality reviews and 
reduce the need for manual monitoring by staff. Information technology 
efficiently supports data quality by performing routine tasks quicker 
and more consistently than staff. CCWIS can proactively review all data 
and flag potential data quality problems requiring further 
investigation. This increases worker effectiveness by enabling workers 
to focus on solving data quality problems rather than sifting through 
data to identify errors.
    The improved data quality will support more accurate reporting and 
help agencies better assess and serve children and families.
    In paragraph (d)(2)(ii), we specify that the CCWIS supports data 
quality with automated functions to alert staff to collect, update, 
correct, and enter CCWIS data.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended we delete the specific 
requirements for title IV-E agencies to develop ``alerts, reports, and 
other appropriate tools'' and replace it with language that supports 
state discretion and flexibility.
    Response: We did not make any changes as a result of these comments 
because paragraph (d)(2)(ii) requires only that the agency use 
automated functions to alert staff for certain actions.
    The NPRM preamble language commenters quoted serves merely as 
examples of how agencies may choose to implement the requirement. Title 
IV-E agencies may use other methods to alert staff.
    In paragraph (d)(2)(iii), we require that the IV-E agency's CCWIS 
includes automated functions to send electronic requests to child 
welfare contributing agency systems to submit current and historical 
CCWIS data to the CCWIS.
    Comment: Commenters requested we specify the data the title IV-E 
agency requests from CWCAs. Some commenters suggested this data focus 
on NCANDS, AFCARS, and NYTD data related to safety, permanency, and 
well-being.
    Response: We made a change to the rule to address this comment and 
specify that the title IV-E agency request ``current and historical 
CCWIS data'' rather than ``current and historical data.'' We define 
CCWIS data in paragraph (b).
    Comment: One commenter noted that some CWCA systems may not have 
the capacity to receive an automated notification of missing data.
    Response: We recognize that some CWCA systems may not have the 
capacity to receive automated notifications from CCWIS as required by 
this paragraph. As such, we would like to clarify that the title IV-E 
agency may require CWCAs to use CCWIS if a CWCA system does not have 
the capacity to receive automated notifications from CCWIS as required 
by this paragraph.
    In paragraph (d)(2)(iv), we specify that a title IV-E agency 
implement and maintain automated functions in the CCWIS that prevent, 
to the extent practical, the need to re-enter data already captured or 
exchanged with the CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter requested a definition of duplicate data 
entry.
    Response: We would like to clarify that duplicate data entry is the 
manual reentry of data already captured by either the CCWIS or another 
system required to provide the data to CCWIS. We note that this is the 
same definition used during S/TACWIS reviews.
    In paragraph (d)(2)(v), we specify that CCWIS must generate reports 
of continuing or unresolved CCWIS data quality problems.
    Comment: One commenter recommended removing this paragraph and 
replacing it with language supporting agency discretion and flexibility 
to support data quality.
    Response: We are not making any changes to this requirement in 
response to the comment because automated CCWIS reports are an 
efficient method to monitor and improve data quality. We also note that 
this requirement already provides sufficient latitude for title IV-E 
agencies to decide how best to identify continuing or unresolved CCWIS 
data quality problems. As an example, the agency may determine report 
formats, frequency, distribution or other specifications that support 
reporting mechanisms tailored to their needs.
    In paragraph (d)(3), we proposed annual title IV-E agency data 
quality reviews and what the reviews would entail.
    Comment: In the context of the CCWIS data quality reviews, a 
commenter asked if there would be other reviews and if so, what would 
be the frequency of those reviews.
    Response: This is the only required CCWIS data quality review.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked if the data quality reviews 
are conducted by ACF, the title IV-E agency, or another party.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency 
conducts the data quality review.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked for clarification on what 
activities and processes are required to be part of the data quality 
review.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency 
defines the review scope, activities, and processes in the data quality 
plan submitted to ACF for approval per paragraph (d)(5).
    The activities and processes for the data quality review 
established by the title IV-E agency and approved by ACF must meet the 
requirements of paragraph (d)(3). The data quality review may include 
activities such as reviewing a sample of case records, interviews with 
select state and child welfare contributing agency staff, an evaluation 
of automated edit checks, and a review of data quality reports. Some 
data quality activities, such as automated processes, may be continuous 
while other activities may occur one time during the biennial review 
period.
    Comment: Some commenters asked if ACF assumptions about child 
welfare practices, such as the scope of child welfare case management, 
determine the data quality and data quality review requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we avoid making general 
assumptions about child welfare practices because those practices vary 
among title IV-E agencies. We agree that child welfare practices 
determine the data requirements, which is why the rule requires that 
the title IV-E agency define CCWIS data and data quality standards and 
activities to support child welfare practices within the title IV-E 
agency's jurisdiction.
    Comment: Many commenters asked how the data quality reviews are 
related to other federal child welfare reviews.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the reviews complement and 
support one another. The CCWIS data

[[Page 35459]]

quality reviews examine the systems and processes that collect, 
process, and report the data and manage data quality. The system 
focused data quality reviews complement other federal child welfare 
program reviews that evaluate program practice and outcomes. For 
example, while a CFSR review may examine the effectiveness of family 
team meetings, a data quality review determines if a CCWIS maintains 
complete, timely, and accurate data about the family team meetings. 
Another example is that we encourage agencies to develop an efficient 
review process by incorporating their existing AFCARS and NYTD data 
quality activities into their CCWIS data quality plan.
    Comment: One commenter recommended requiring data conversion and 
migration (DCM) activities to improve data quality.
    Response: While we agree with the commenter that DCM activities 
improve data quality, we are not adding this specific requirement to 
this rule. A data quality review will identify factors contributing to 
poor data quality including, if applicable, DCM. However, as noted 
above, we are providing title IV-E agencies with the flexibility to 
select the review processes most suitable for their circumstances. We 
intend to provide technical assistance to title IV-E agencies on this 
topic, as needed.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked for clarification on funding 
available for the data quality reviews, including staff time.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the data quality review is 
an approved activity as defined at Sec.  1355.51 and may qualify for 
CCWIS cost allocation per Sec.  1355.57(c).
    Comment: Some commenters requested we provide a higher FFP rate to 
support data quality review activities.
    Response: We are not making a change to the rule because ACF does 
not have statutory authority to provide a higher FFP rate.
    Comment: Some commenters were concerned that there may not be 
adequate federal resources to support title IV-E agency needs for 
technical support for the data quality reviews.
    Response: We would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies submit 
their approach for data quality reviews with the data quality plan in 
an annual or operational APD per paragraph (d)(5). ACF will respond to 
APDs (and the associated data quality plan) within 60 days.
    Comment: Several commenters were concerned with the burden 
associated with an annual data quality review. One commenter requested 
we conduct a cost/benefit analysis to evaluate the burden of the data 
quality review on the state agency. Some commenters, while agreeing the 
rule should include a data quality component, expressed concern that a 
prescriptive and extensive data quality review was burdensome. One 
commenter suggested reducing burden by classifying state and tribal 
data quality standards as optional. A number of commenters expressed 
concern that conducting data quality reviews as frequently as annually 
would be burdensome.
    Response: We are making one change to the data quality reviews as a 
result of public comments and have revised the rule to require agencies 
to conduct biennial rather than annual reviews. In general, we believe 
that the requirements for data quality reviews in this rule are 
consistent with current title IV-E agency practices that reflect the 
importance of high quality data. All title IV-E agencies, recognizing 
that high quality data is essential for the administration of child 
welfare programs, have integrated data quality review processes into 
on-going system operations. Agencies also use data quality reviews to 
determine if systems are producing the expected data, identify 
weaknesses, and to guide the continuous quality improvement of their 
systems. We have observed that all title IV-E agencies with operational 
S/TACWIS projects (34 states) have data quality reviews that will 
likely meet the rule's data quality requirements. We note that title 
IV-E agencies without a S/TACWIS must minimally meet the required 
federal data quality standards for reports such as AFCARS and NYTD. In 
addition, we understand that agencies with non-S/TACWIS systems do 
institute processes to monitor non-federal data required by the agency. 
We have observed that even title IV-E agencies with limited resources 
have established procedures for extensive monitoring of data quality. 
Successful strategies of these agencies include using automated data 
quality reports and audits of sample cases to review all data and then 
targeting identified problematic data for improvement. We did not 
prescribe specific review activities, as we expect agencies to largely 
continue or improve upon their current data quality activities. We 
therefore determined that the burden to title IV-E agencies will be 
minimal.
    However, because existing data quality review practices vary, we 
changed the proposed requirement in paragraph (d)(3) for annual data 
quality reviews to instead require biennial title IV-E agency data 
quality reviews to provide title IV-E agencies with flexibility to 
maintain their current processes for such reviews, to the extent 
possible. However, we encourage title IV-E agencies that currently 
conduct annual data quality reviews to continue this practice.
    Comment: Some commenters are concerned that the data quality 
reviews and the correction of findings as required by paragraph (d)(4) 
will divert staff resources away from other program activities. One 
commenter suggested the costs will increase exponentially as agencies 
try to achieve increasingly higher data quality goals.
    Response: We did not make any changes in response to these comments 
because we believe that complete, timely, and accurate data supports 
the goals of child safety, wellbeing, and permanency. High quality data 
informs actions and guides decisions at all levels of the agency. 
Workers use data to manage cases, monitor services, and assess client 
progress while supervisors and administrators use it to monitor and 
direct work, manage resources, evaluate program effectiveness, control 
costs, and estimate funding needs. Data quality reviews support the 
collection, management, and dissemination of high quality data. The 
requirement in paragraph (d)(4) to address review findings with 
corrective action establishes a repeatable cycle of continuous quality 
improvement. Each successive review measures the impact of past 
corrective actions. This enables title IV-E agencies to determine the 
effectiveness of those actions and make adjustments leading to further 
improvements and enhance CCWIS's ability to support the efficient, 
economical, and effective administration of the child welfare program.
    Title IV-E agencies with S/TACWIS projects have established data 
quality review processes and staff assigned to these tasks. We 
encourage title IV-E agencies to manage data quality staffing needs 
with automation supporting data quality per paragraph (d)(2).
    We disagree that data quality review costs will increase 
exponentially. We would like to clarify that data quality reviews will 
require fewer resources in successive years. The rule provides title 
IV-E agencies with the flexibility to incrementally improve data 
quality over time. We expect many agencies to continue their practice 
of prioritizing data quality efforts by focusing first on correcting 
the most critical data elements and build on their progress so that 
with each review fewer problems remain.
    We would also like to clarify that data quality enhancements are an 
established

[[Page 35460]]

and necessary system maintenance practice. Without regular data quality 
monitoring, systems decline in reliability and usefulness and may 
require replacement at costs significantly higher than ongoing 
maintenance activities.
    We have also observed that as systems age they accumulate data that 
is no longer needed to support improved practices. By aligning data 
needs to current program practice, as required by this rule, agencies 
will identify and purge systems of irrelevant screens and fields 
thereby simplifying the system and increasing worker efficiency.
    In paragraph (d)(3)(i), we specify that the data quality reviews 
determine if the title IV-E agency and, if applicable, child welfare 
contributing agencies, meet the new requirements of Sec.  1355.52(b), 
(d)(1), and (2).
    In paragraph (d)(3)(ii), we specify that the title IV-E agency's 
data quality reviews determine whether bi-directional data exchanges 
meet applicable requirements.
    Comment: A number of commenters expressed concern that requiring 
the review of child welfare contributing agency systems and data 
collection activities was burdensome.
    Response: We did not make changes based on these comments because 
these requirements for data quality reviews do not prescribe the 
procedures title IV-E agencies must follow when reviewing CWCAs. We 
encourage agencies to consider approaches to review CWCAs and their 
data efficiently, economically, and effectively. Approaches may include 
a mix of review techniques, including:
     Randomly sampling CWCA data to review.
     Automatically evaluating CWCA data quality, alerting CWCAs 
to data quality failures, and establishing timeframes for corrective 
action.
     Contractually obligating CWCAs to regularly review their 
data quality and correct errors.
     Establishing a schedule of on-site reviews for a subset of 
CWCAs during each biennial review.
     Tailoring review procedures for specific CWCAs. 
Experienced CWCAs with a history of submitting high quality data may be 
reviewed through an examination of data quality reports. Reviews of new 
CWCAs with uneven data quality may be more intensive and include 
interviews with staff, observation of data collection training, and 
analysis of the CWCA's automated system.
    We also note that data quality reviews will vary depending on the 
flexibility title IV-E agencies grant CWCAs. For example, if a title 
IV-E agency requires CWCAs to use CCWIS, no CWCA systems are reviewed. 
In any case, the reviews must consider the CWCA data collection 
processes and training that affect data quality.
    In paragraph (d)(4), we specify that the title IV-E agency must 
enhance CCWIS or the electronic bi-directional data exchanges, or both, 
to correct findings from the data quality reviews described at 
paragraph (d)(3).
    Comment: A few commenters asked what the title IV-E agency must do 
with the results of the data quality reviews and whether title IV-E 
agencies were required to correct the system, the data or both.
    Response: We would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies must 
correct the factors contributing to poor quality data, such as data 
collection procedures and training, CCWIS errors, or problems with bi-
directional data exchanges. Agencies may propose how they will address 
findings in their data quality plans. In the case of numerous findings, 
we encourage title IV-E agencies to prioritize the issues and address 
critical findings first. We do not require that agencies address all 
findings within a specified timeframe. For example, an agency may 
decide to focus on enhancements to automated edit checks as a first 
step, and then if necessary make improvements to staff training as a 
second step if data quality does not improve.
    ACF expects successive reviews to demonstrate the effectiveness of 
actions taken per this paragraph to improve data quality. We do not 
expect that all data meet all standards all the time, but instead that 
the status reports submitted per paragraph (d)(5)(ii) demonstrate 
continuous improvement in data quality.
    This rule permits, but does not require, agencies to correct 
previously collected data, thereby minimizing any burden on title IV-E 
agencies.
    Comment: Several commenters asked if there were established 
timeframes for correcting findings.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency will 
propose timeframes for ACF approval as part of the data quality plan or 
APD. As is the practice with S/TACWIS compliance issues, complex 
enhancements may require a longer timeframe to correct.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that the rule provide title IV-E 
agencies the ability to obtain waivers for failing to meet data quality 
standards due to extraordinary circumstances.
    Response: We are not making changes to this paragraph in response 
to this comment because the flexibility we provide makes a formal 
waiver process unnecessary. We will continue the practice we have 
refined over 20 years of S/TACWIS implementations to encourage title 
IV-E agencies to report extraordinary circumstances to us so that we 
can address the issue on a case-by-case basis for resolution. We also 
note title IV-E agencies may report schedule changes in an APD Update 
per 45 CFR 95.610(c).
    In paragraph (d)(5), we specify that the title IV-E agency must 
develop, implement, and maintain a CCWIS data quality plan in a manner 
prescribed by ACF and include it as part of the Annual or Operational 
APD as required in 45 CFR 95.610.
    Comment: A few commenters asked how title IV-E agencies will know 
that their data quality plans are adequate.
    Response: We would like to clarify that ACF will review the data 
quality plan provided with the APD and either approve it or continue to 
work with the title IV-E agency to address concerns so that ACF can 
approve the plan.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that we integrate the data 
quality plan into the title IV-E agency's continuous quality 
improvement protocols.
    Response: We are not making a change to require title IV-E agencies 
integrate their data quality plans into integrated continuous quality 
improvement plans because requiring this integration would limit agency 
flexibility to develop and implement both plans to best meet their 
needs. However, we agree that reliable data provided by data quality 
efforts is necessary to measure program quality improvements and 
encourage this integration, at the agency's option.
    Comment: Some commenters recommended we provide more guidance on 
the required components of a data quality plan. A few requested we 
provide a data quality plan template for agencies to complete.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we will provide additional 
guidance on data quality plan components after publication of this 
rule.
    Comment: One commenter asked how the data quality plan would affect 
an existing AFCARS program improvement plan.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the AFCARS rule governs the 
AFCARS program improvement plan. However, as noted in our previous 
response, we encourage agencies to incorporate existing data quality 
activities into the CCWIS data quality plan.

[[Page 35461]]

    Comment: Several commenters asked if states that do not implement a 
CCWIS are required to develop a data quality plan.
    Response: We would like to clarify that, except for the rule at 
Sec.  1355.56(d) and (e), this rule does not apply to non-CCWIS 
systems.
    In paragraph (d)(5)(i), we specify that the data quality plan 
describes the comprehensive strategy to promote quality data including 
the steps to meet the requirements at Sec.  1355.52(d)(1) through (3).
    In paragraph (d)(5)(ii), we specify that the data quality plan must 
report the status of compliance with paragraph (d)(1).
    We received no comments concerning these paragraphs and made no 
changes.
    In paragraph (e), we specify requirements for mandatory bi-
directional data exchanges.
    Comment: Several commenters requested that ACF provide an enhanced 
FFP rate (such as the 90 percent rate provided by the Centers for 
Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for systems supporting title XIX 
eligibility determinations) for title IV-E agencies and partner 
agencies to develop and maintain the required bi-directional data 
exchanges.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph because ACF 
does not have statutory authority to provide an enhanced FFP rate. We 
note that CMS corrected an obsolete reference to an enhanced FFP rate 
in a rule issued on December 4, 2015 (80 FR 75843). Therefore, we did 
not make a technical revision to Sec.  95.611(a)(2) in this rule.
    Comment: A commenter noted that CCWIS planning should be part of 
enterprise-wide systems planning to achieve the interoperability 
envisioned in the NPRM.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph because 
requiring title IV-E agencies to include CCWIS planning as part of an 
enterprise-wide system would limit agencies' flexibility to develop 
systems meeting their needs. However, we agree that programs should 
coordinate system development efforts for greater interoperability and 
encourage health and human service programs to work together to develop 
data exchanges meeting the needs of all partners.
    Comment: A few commenters asked if there are limits to the number 
of bi-directional data exchanges. One commenter expressed concern that 
the mandatory bi-directional data exchanges precluded the development 
of uni-directional data exchanges.
    Response: We would like to clarify that there are no limits on the 
number of bi-directional data exchanges. While paragraph (e) defines 
eleven mandatory bi-directional data exchanges, title IV-E agencies may 
propose additional optional data exchanges, including uni-directional 
data exchanges, per Sec.  1355.54. Optional data exchanges are 
discussed in greater detail in Sec.  1355.54.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we require title IV-E agencies 
to track the source of data provided by data exchanges as this would 
help improve data quality and resolve instances of different systems 
reporting conflicting data.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph because we 
want to retain state and tribal flexibility to define relevant data for 
the data exchanges. However, we agree with the commenter that tracking 
data sources is a best practice for improving data quality and 
resolving data conflicts.
    Comment: One commenter asked if we would designate a CCWIS as 
noncompliant with the data exchange requirements if other priorities 
prevented the timely creation of a data exchange.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we will follow the process 
used under current APD rules. The APD process allows title IV-E 
agencies to identify the reasons for schedule slippages in the APD and 
propose revised schedules in an APD Update. We will review the APD and 
either approve the revised schedule or work with the agency to correct 
barriers to timely completion.
    Comment: One commenter asked if current data exchanges between 
existing systems can be retained if they conform to CCWIS requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies may 
need to enhance exchanges between CCWIS and both CWCA and external 
title IV-E systems as described in paragraphs (e)(1)(ii) and (iv) of 
this section. However, the title IV-E agencies may continue to use 
existing data exchange methods established between a transitioning 
title IV-E system and its other current exchange partners. As is the 
case with all data exchanges, title IV-E agencies may need to change 
what data is exchanged to meet changing needs.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that it would be helpful to 
states if we provided guidance on data exchange mechanisms, include 
preferred security standards and transmission protocols.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph to specify 
data exchange mechanisms because we want to preserve title IV-E agency 
flexibility to implement approaches best suited to their circumstances. 
Requiring certain technologies may also preclude agencies from using 
newer, better, and unanticipated technologies. However, we intend to 
provide technical assistance on all data exchanges.
    Comment: One commenter requested that, to support the data 
exchanges and interoperability, ACF add models of CCWIS data exchanges 
to the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM).
    Response: We agree with the commenter that NIEM promotes data 
exchanges and interoperability. We would like to clarify that ACF is 
actively working to expand NIEM resources for human service agencies 
with our involvement in the NIEM Human Service Domain.
    In paragraph (e)(1), we proposed that CCWIS must support one bi-
directional data exchange to exchange relevant data with each of the 
systems in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iv), if CCWIS data is 
generated by a system outside of CCWIS.
    Comment: A number of commenters requested we change the requirement 
to permit multiple data exchanges. Some commenters noted that 
technological advances may eliminate the value of a single data 
exchange. Other commenters noted it would be difficult to accommodate a 
wide range of agencies with one bi-directional data exchange.
    Response: We made a change to the rule to address this comment and 
specify that the CCWIS must support efficient, economical, and 
effective bi-directional data exchanges rather than one bi-directional 
data exchange. This change offers title IV-E agencies greater 
flexibility to build data exchanges to accommodate different 
circumstances and systems, provided the agency's approach is efficient, 
economical, and effective.
    In reference to data exchanges, ``efficient, economical, and 
effective'' means that title IV-E agencies should consider meeting data 
exchange requirements with (preferably) one or a limited number of data 
exchanges that address common business needs. Such an approach results 
in well-defined data exchanges. For example, if a title IV-E agency 
exchanges data with twenty CWCAs conducting child abuse and neglect 
investigations and thirty CWCAs providing placement and case management 
services, the agency may build two data exchanges--one supporting 
investigations and the other supporting placement and case management 
services. These two exchanges would be less expensive for

[[Page 35462]]

the title IV-E agency to maintain and quicker to update than separate 
data exchanges with all fifty CWCAs. The two exchanges also provide the 
specific data to support different business needs whereas combining the 
two into one data exchange means each of the CWCA groups would have to 
build larger and more costly data exchanges to process data irrelevant 
to their business needs.
    This rule also supports agency requirements to exchange different 
data with the same CWCA at different times to support business needs. 
For example, the title IV-E agency and CWCAs may need to first 
establish new cases, then request client services, follow-up with data 
corrections, and finally, request and provide AFCARS data. We consider 
these four separate communications to be part of a single data exchange 
supporting a common business need, provided the two agencies exchange 
all data using the same communication protocols.
    Comment: One commenter asked if data obtained from a data warehouse 
could satisfy one or more of the data exchange requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that data obtained from a data 
warehouse may satisfy a data exchange requirement provided that the 
data warehouse provides the relevant data to CCWIS and the program 
defined in the requirement.
    Comment: Some commenters requested we explain the rationale for 
changing the S/TACWIS term ``interface'' to ``exchange.'' They noted 
that some agencies have used ``look-up'' capabilities via an interface 
to view data in other systems rather than exchange data and asked if 
this capability would meet data exchange requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we replaced ``interface'' 
with ``data exchange'' for three reasons:
    1. To clarify that we do not require CCWIS to have real-time direct 
access to other systems to collect data, although that is permitted. 
CCWIS (and the partner system in a data exchange) may create and 
transmit data files. The processing of, and response to a data file is 
not required to be done in real time.
    2. To be consistent with the increased use of the phrase ``data 
exchange'' in recent federal statutes applicable to programs such as 
foster care and adoption assistance under title IV-E, Temporary 
Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance 
Program (SNAP) and programs operated by the Department of Labor.
    3. To convey that CWCAs must provide copies of relevant data to 
CCWIS. CCWIS must have data copies in case there is a need to share the 
data with other systems as well as to preserve historical records if 
data sharing between CCWIS and the other agency ends. A look-up 
capability is not sufficient because the data would be lost if the 
provider went out of business. Please see our response below clarifying 
the phrase ``to the extent practicable'' for more information on 
whether a look-up capability meets the data exchange requirements 
described in paragraph (e)(2).
    Comment: Some commenters proposed we conduct a cost/benefit 
analysis on the burden to states and data exchange partners for 
paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iv). Commenters cited the need to make 
significant changes to data exchange partner systems without 
significant financial assistance from ACF and the title IV-E agency.
    Response: We are not conducting a cost/benefit analysis because the 
requirements in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iv) do not create 
additional burden on title IV-E agencies. First, exchange partners are 
not required to change their existing systems to accommodate the data 
exchange. As we noted in the proposal, it was a common misunderstanding 
that title IV-E agencies were required to modify S/TACWIS to 
accommodate data provided to or received from other systems. We agree 
it would be inefficient to modify, and difficult to maintain CCWIS (and 
other systems) to accommodate the data definitions, formats, values, 
and other specifications of every data exchange. Instead, we strongly 
encourage partners to map, wherever possible, their existing data to 
the data exchange specifications rather than modifying their systems to 
match the specifications.
    Second, paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (iii) do not impose additional 
burden because they are not new. In paragraph (e)(1)(i), we specify 
that CCWIS exchange data with systems generating financial payments and 
claims for title IV-B and IV-E, per paragraph (b)(1)(ii). This 
requirement incorporates the S/TACWIS rule at Sec.  1355.53(b)(7) and 
policy in Action Transmittal ACF-OISM-001. In paragraph (e)(1)(iii), we 
specify that CCWIS must have a bi-directional data exchange with each 
system used to calculate one or more components of title IV-E 
eligibility determinations per paragraph (b)(1)(ii), if applicable. 
This requirement is consistent with the S/TACWIS rule at Sec.  
1355.53(b)(5) and policy in Action Transmittal ACF-OSS-005.
    Finally, we note that data exchanges with CWCAs (paragraph 
(e)(1)(ii)) and with external systems used by agency staff to collect 
CCWIS data (paragraph (e)(1)(iv)) are only required ``if applicable.'' 
Similar to the requirements under the S/TACWIS rule, if the title IV-E 
agency continues to require all CWCAs to use CCWIS and does not permit 
external systems to supplement CCWIS, data exchanges are not needed. 
CCWIS provides the option to use data exchanges to provide title IV-E 
agencies with the flexibility to determine the most efficient, 
economical, and effective approaches for collecting CCWIS data.
    Comment: One commenter asked if systems that currently exchange 
data with S/TACWIS must be modernized to accommodate enhancements made 
to transition a S/TACWIS to CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we are not requiring other 
agencies to modernize their systems.
    Comment: One commenter asked if the purpose of the bi-directional 
data exchanges was to send data to and receive data from multiple 
systems so that CCWIS can manage reporting.
    Response: We would like to clarify that sending and receiving data 
from multiple systems so that CCWIS can manage reporting is one of the 
purposes of the bi-directional data exchanges.
    Comment: Some commenters requested that we define the ``relevant 
data'' for each data exchange.
    Response: We would like to clarify that by ``relevant data,'' we 
mean data collected in an information system that, in compliance with 
applicable confidentiality requirements, may be shared with a program 
that considers the data useful for meeting goals or objectives. 
Relevant data may be different for different data exchanges or for 
different title IV-E agencies. We did not require specific data in 
order to provide title IV-E agencies with flexibility to determine, in 
consultation with their data exchange partners, the data each partner 
has that is useful and can be shared.
    The NPRM provided examples of relevant data for several of the data 
exchanges on pages 48213 and 48214. Action Transmittal ACF-OSS-05 
provides additional examples. We plan to issue additional guidance on 
the bi-directional data exchanges.
    Comment: A number of commenters cited the cost of making changes as 
an impediment to meeting this requirement.
    Response: We would like to clarify that CCWIS is an option and we 
encourage title IV-E agencies to evaluate if CCWIS is appropriate for 
their circumstances. We encourage title IV-E agencies to implement a 
CCWIS only if it is a cost-effective approach to meeting agency 
business needs.

[[Page 35463]]

    Comment: One commenter recommended incentives to make it compelling 
for exchange partners, such as the CWCA and non-child welfare agencies 
to participate in data exchanges.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we do not have statutory 
authority to provide incentives beyond the CCWIS cost allocation 
described in Sec.  1355.57. However, we have observed that title IV-E 
agencies will often fund CWCA's costs through contracts or agreements. 
Additionally, as is the case under S/TACWIS, states or tribes may 
require providers to use the CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter asked how the mandatory bi-directional data 
exchanges affect developmental and operational funding.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the bi-directional data 
exchange requirements do not affect the CCWIS funding requirements at 
Sec.  1355.57. We note that the funding for CCWIS data exchanges is 
unchanged from the funding for S/TACWIS interfaces.
    Comment: A commenter recommended ACF encourage title IV-E agencies 
use master-person indexes to assist with matching individuals across 
programs and systems linked by bi-directional data exchanges to support 
improved data quality and client outcomes.
    Response: We are not making a change to address this comment. 
Although we agree master-person indexes may support improved data 
quality and client outcomes, we are not requiring master-person indexes 
so that title IV-E agencies may develop solutions appropriate for their 
child welfare business practices and information technology 
environment.
    In paragraph (e)(1)(i), we specify that CCWIS exchange data with 
systems generating financial payments and claims data for titles IV-B 
and IV-E, per Sec.  1355.52(b)(1)(ii), if applicable.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (e)(1)(ii), we specify that the CCWIS must have a bi-
directional data exchange with systems operated by child welfare 
contributing agencies that are collecting or using data described in 
Sec.  1355.52(b), if applicable.
    Comment: One commenter asked if this requirement and any related 
funding applies equally to private vs. public CWCAs.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the bi-directional data 
exchange requirement applies equally to private and public CWCAs. 
However, funding under this rule applies to the title IV-E agency for 
the CCWIS and its costs. Costs related to the CWCA's side of an 
exchange may be eligible as an administrative cost to the IV-E agency.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we permit bi-directional data 
feeds between existing SACWIS and CWCA systems.
    Response: We note that as of the effective date of this rule the S/
TACWIS rule is no longer in effect. Bi-directional data exchanges 
between CCWIS and CWCAs are required, if applicable. Bi-directional 
data exchanges between non-CCWIS and CWCAs are allowed.
    Comment: A number of commenters noted it would be burdensome for 
all CWCAs to have an electronic data exchange with CCWIS and asked for 
additional flexibility, such as a waiver of this requirement.
    Response: A CWCA must have a bi-directional data exchange with 
CCWIS only if, as noted in the NPRM, a CWCA is using a system or module 
other than CCWIS to collect or generate CCWIS data. However, a data 
exchange is not required if the agency uses CCWIS to collect or 
generate CCWIS data. Under S/TACWIS rules, child welfare contributing 
agencies were required to use S/TACWIS. This provision is different 
from S/TACWIS in that it permits CWCAs to use CCWIS as an option, but 
provides the data exchange as an alternative if a title IV-E agency 
permits CWCAs to use a system other than CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter suggested that the rule's prohibition on 
duplicate application development and software maintenance prevents 
county administered states relying on CWCAs using other systems from 
complying with this rule.
    Response: We would like to clarify that while the rule does not 
prohibit duplicate application development and software maintenance, it 
does not allow CCWIS funding for it. Components of the CCWIS that are 
duplicated in other CWCA or title IV-E agency systems may qualify for 
non-CCWIS cost allocation.
    Comment: A few commenters were concerned that it may be difficult 
for some CWCAs to develop data exchanges with the title IV-E agency if 
they are not eligible for funding to enhance their systems and 
participate in the data exchange.
    Response: We did not make any changes to this paragraph in response 
to the comments. We would like to clarify that we have observed that 
title IV-E agencies address CWCA administrative costs, including system 
costs, through their contracts with CWCAs. Additionally, the title IV-E 
agency may require a CWCA that is unable to exchange data to use the 
CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter asked if CWCA databases must be viewable by 
the title IV-E agency in real-time.
    Response: We would like to clarify that via a bi-directional data 
exchange CWCAs must provide a copy of the CCWIS data for the title IV-E 
agency to maintain in the CCWIS. This rule does not require that CCWIS 
have the capability to view CWCA databases in real-time.
    Comment: One commenter asked how ACF would govern the quality of 
CWCA data.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the title IV-E agency is 
responsible for governing data quality in compliance with the 
requirements described in paragraph (d).
    Comment: A few commenters requested we clarify if the ``to the 
extent practicable'' language applies to this paragraph and paragraph 
(e)(1)(iv), which are the external systems used by title IV-E agency 
staff to collect CCWIS data.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the ``to the extent 
practicable'' language does not apply to these two paragraphs. Both 
requirements are ``if applicable.'' This means, for paragraph 
(e)(1)(ii), that CCWIS must have a data exchange with a CWCA if that 
CWCA uses a system other than CCWIS for child abuse and neglect 
investigations, placements, or child welfare case management. It is not 
applicable if a CWCA is using CCWIS. For paragraph (e)(1)(iv), ``if 
applicable'' means that CCWIS must have a data exchange with any 
external system used by agency staff to collect CCWIS data, however, it 
is not applicable if there are no such external systems. We emphasize 
that it is a state or tribal decision to build external systems or 
permit CWCAs to use systems other than CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter proposed that ACF provide a clearinghouse of 
information on CCWIS interoperability for CWCAs.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we will continue to provide 
technical assistance to promote interoperability, although we have not 
determined if we will use clearinghouses as a means of distributing 
technical assistance.
    In paragraph (e)(1)(iii), we specify that the CCWIS must have a bi-
directional exchange with each system used to calculate one or more 
components of title IV-E eligibility determinations per Sec.  
1355.52(b)(1)(ii), if applicable.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (e)(1)(iv), we specify that CCWIS must have a bi-
directional data exchange with each system external to

[[Page 35464]]

CCWIS used by title IV-E agency staff to collect CCWIS data, if 
applicable.
    Comment: A commenter asked for guidance on identifying these other 
systems and determining if a data exchange with CWCAs meets this 
requirement.
    Response: We would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies 
identify, per the requirement, systems other than CCWIS used by title 
IV-E agency staff to collect CCWIS data. Examples include county child 
welfare systems and specialized applications such as databases used to 
track case management tasks, conduct assessments, or perform home 
studies. As with all data exchanges described in paragraph (e), the 
data exchange must exchange relevant data to meet the requirement.
    In paragraph (e)(2), we specify that, to the extent practicable, 
the IV-E agency must support one bi-directional data exchange to 
exchange relevant data with specified state or tribal systems. These 
are exchanges with the systems used by titles IV-D and IV-A programs, 
title XIX mechanized claims processing and information retrieval 
systems (including the eligibility determination components of such 
systems), and systems used by courts, education, and the child abuse 
and neglect programs.
    Comment: Some commenters requested we encourage other federal 
agencies to allow other entities, such as educational agencies and 
courts, to use FFP to build their portion of the bi-directional data 
exchanges. Commenters noted the since data exchanges provide benefits 
to all partners those partners should receive FFP. One commenter 
specifically mentioned that it would be challenging for the Medicaid 
program, courts, and education programs to obtain funding for the data 
exchanges.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we will continue to 
encourage other federal agencies to provide FFP, however, we only have 
statutory authority to provide FFP for systems supporting the 
administration of the title IV-B, title IV-E and CAPTA programs. We 
agree the data exchanges provide benefits to all partners and that 
increasing awareness of these benefits may encourage other partners to 
participate. For example, because child welfare program eligibility 
information is necessary for proper determination of some types of 
Medicaid eligibility, and can facilitate rapid enrollment into 
Medicaid, we anticipate working with CMS to provide technical 
assistance on data exchanges.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked for clarification on the 
meaning of ``to the extent practicable.'' Commenters wanted to know the 
reasons ACF would accept for a data exchange being impracticable and if 
ACF requires a cost/benefit analysis to demonstrate a data exchange is 
impracticable. Several commenters wanted an estimate of conducting such 
a cost/benefit analysis. One commenter wanted to know if we used the 
terms ``practicable'' and ``practical'' interchangeably in the NPRM.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the terminology ``to the 
extent practicable'' was specified in the original legislation 
authorizing these types of systems and is not new.
    We are continuing the requirement that these data exchanges be 
implemented ``to the extent practicable'' from the S/TACWIS rules that 
have been in effect since 1993. Consistent with the S/TACWIS rule, this 
rule allows title IV-E agencies to present a business case in an APD 
describing the circumstances rendering a data exchange impracticable. 
These circumstances are not limited to the examples given in the NPRM, 
which are: (1) The other system is not capable of conducting an 
exchange; and (2) the exchange is not feasible due to cost constraints. 
Title IV-E agencies may cite any circumstances they deem relevant for 
ACF's consideration. The APD rule includes burden estimates for 
providing a business case for any purpose, including explaining why a 
data exchange is impracticable.
    ACF does not require a cost/benefit analysis to demonstrate a data 
exchange is impracticable.
    We also would like to clarify that title IV-E agencies may explain 
that a partial data exchange is ``to the extent practicable.'' For 
example, if some courts participated in the data exchange while others 
did not, ACF would consider a business case explaining that the partial 
exchange met the ``to the extent practicable'' requirement. If a state 
or tribal agency's rules forbid transferring data to CCWIS but 
permitted CCWIS users to view the data, ACF would consider a business 
case that a data view was the only practicable solution.
    Finally, we would like to clarify that we reviewed the NPRM and 
made changes to eliminate inconsistencies in the use of the terms 
``practicable'' and ``practical.''
    Comment: One commenter asked if the data exchange must be bi-
directional if the other program, such as the MMIS, does not need any 
CCWIS data.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this is another example 
where the bi-directional data exchange may not be practicable. The 
title IV-E agency would describe such situations in the applicable APD.
    However, we believe all bi-directional data exchanges benefit both 
partners and intend to provide guidance on the mutual benefits.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we execute memoranda of 
understanding or interagency agreements with other entities, including 
courts, the Department of Education and the Office of Child Support 
Enforcement establishing the data exchange expectations for state or 
tribal counterparts.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we have issued joint 
guidance with other federal partners. One example is our joint issuance 
to states with the Office of Child Support Enforcement, Information 
Memorandum ACYF-CB-IM-12-06, providing guidelines on data sharing. We 
intend to continue this practice of working with federal entities to 
promote collaboration between state, tribal, and local agencies. If 
title IV-E agencies have any challenges, we encourage states and tribes 
to reach out to ACF.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(i), we specify that CCWIS must have one bi-
directional data exchange with the child abuse and neglect system(s), 
to the extent practicable.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(ii), we specify that CCWIS must have one bi-
directional data exchange with the system(s) operating under title IV-A 
of the Act, to the extent practicable.
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(iii), we specify that CCWIS must have bi-
directional data exchanges with Medicaid systems operated under title 
XIX of the Act, to the extent practicable.
    Comment: One commenter asked if we consulted with CMS on these 
requirements. The commenter noted that guidance from CMS to state 
agencies encouraging data exchanges with title IV-E agencies would be 
helpful.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we worked collaboratively 
with CMS to develop this CCWIS final rule, as well as on the final rule 
for Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems 
published by CMS in the Federal Register on December 4, 2015 (80 FR 
75817). According to CMS, the Mechanized Claims Processing and 
Information Retrieval Systems final rule at 42 CFR 433.112(b)(16) 
requires that any state Medicaid system funded with an enhanced federal 
match must allow for interoperability with various entities, including 
human service

[[Page 35465]]

agencies. With our history of working with CMS on regulations and other 
tasks such as zONE (an initiative to facilitate the sharing of state 
project documents), providing technical assistance to states on the OMB 
Circular A-87 cost allocation waiver, encouraging enterprise 
development projects, and development of statewide health passports for 
children in foster care, we will work with CMS to develop joint 
guidance, as needed.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A), we specify that CCWIS must have one 
bi-directional data exchange with systems used to determine Medicaid 
eligibility, to the extent practicable.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we encourage states to avail 
themselves of the 90 percent FFP match under what is commonly called 
the ``A-87 exception'' to pay for the building of this bi-directional 
data exchange.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the OMB Circular A-87 cost 
allocation waiver was extended through December 2018 and allows states 
to access the 90 percent Medicaid FFP match to the extent appropriate 
for developing shared eligibility services and making systems 
integration investments. We are available to provide technical 
assistance to states as needed.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(B), we specify that CCWIS must have a bi-
directional data exchange with the MMIS as defined at 42 CFR 
433.111(b), to the extent practicable.
    Comment: Several commenters requested clarification on the data 
expected from the data exchange with the MMIS. Several commenters noted 
that MMIS typically does not contain a client's complete Medicaid 
history. One commenter asked if CCWIS is required to maintain a foster 
child's entire medical record.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this paragraph requires 
title IV-E agencies to maintain in CCWIS the available medical record 
information received from the MMIS (which would include the Medicaid 
claims history or, for those enrolled in managed care, provider 
encounter data), however we do not require CCWIS to maintain a foster 
child's entire medical history. We do encourage title IV-E agencies to 
collect health information as needed from other sources, including an 
available Health Information Exchange. We note that title IV-E agencies 
may propose optional data exchanges to other health systems that may 
qualify for CCWIS funding per Sec.  1355.54.
    Comment: Some commenters requested that we assure title IV-E 
agencies that, where applicable, Health Insurance Portability and 
Accountability Act (HIPAA) rules do not preclude state agencies from 
sharing data. One commenter was concerned that the costs to bring CCWIS 
into compliance with HIPAA rules might prevent their state from 
implementing this required data exchange and hence complying with CCWIS 
requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that in Sec.  
1355.52(d)(1)(iii), we require that the title IV-E agency exchange and 
maintain CCWIS data in accordance with the confidentiality requirements 
of applicable federal and state or tribal laws. This is not an entirely 
new requirement as data maintained under a SACWIS are subject to 
federal, state, and tribal confidentiality requirements, and current S/
TACWIS are required to interface with systems used by the Medicaid 
program to determine eligibility. The requirement that the title IV-E 
agency support one bi-directional data exchange with the eligibility 
and enrollment system used to determine Medicaid eligibility, and one 
bi-directional data exchange with the MMIS used to process Medicaid 
claims and perform other management functions (as those systems are 
described in 42 CFR 433.111(b)(2)(ii)), to the extent practicable, does 
not mean that any and all information is exchanged--only information 
that each agency is permitted to exchange in accordance with applicable 
confidentiality rules. Finally, we note that a number of states have 
already implemented such exchanges to the benefit of the children in 
foster care.
    ACF will consider, as noted above, cost constraints as a reason 
that a data exchange in paragraph (e)(2) is not practicable.
    Comment: One commenter noted that much of the health data may be 
new and unfamiliar to workers and recommended we provide guidance on 
the data's most effective uses.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the effective use of the 
data is determined by each agency, but we intend to provide technical 
assistance on all the required data exchanges.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that the rule include and 
encourage Affordable Care Act related provisions that impact foster 
care.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment 
because this paragraph already supports the Affordable Care Act related 
provisions that affect foster care. We also note that ACF issued 
guidance on the provisions of the Affordable Care Act that affect 
foster care in Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-10-10.
    Comment: One commenter noted that states should not be held 
accountable for the quality of MMIS claims data since the agencies have 
no control over its collection.
    Response: We would like to clarify that, as noted in our response 
to paragraph (d)(1) that title IV-E agencies may take into account data 
sources when establishing data quality standards.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we establish a Technical 
Advisory Group of experienced states to assist other agencies in 
implementing data exchanges as required by this paragraph.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we currently support a 
Technical Working Group, monthly webinars, and national conference 
calls on various topics and will continue this technical assistance. We 
have supported peer-to-peer networks to promote sharing of best 
practices and intend to continue promoting state-to-state networking. 
We also intend to work with the Capacity Building Center for Tribes to 
identify tribal concerns.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(iv), we specify that CCWIS must have one bi-
directional data exchange with systems operated under title IV-D of the 
Act, to the extent practicable.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(v), we specify that CCWIS must have one bi-
directional data exchange with systems operated by the court(s) of 
competent jurisdiction of the title IV-E foster care, adoption, and 
guardianship programs, to the extent practicable.
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.
    In paragraph (e)(2)(vi), we specify that CCWIS must have one bi-
directional data exchange with the systems operated by the state or 
tribal education agency, or school districts, or both, to the extent 
practicable.
    Comment: One commenter asked if we consulted with the Department of 
Education on this requirement. The commenter noted that guidance from 
the Department of Education to state agencies encouraging data 
exchanges with title IV-E agencies would be helpful.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we consulted with the 
Department of Education and have developed technical assistance 
materials in collaboration with the Department of Education. For 
example, we jointly issued a letter to Chief State School Officers and 
Child Welfare Directors on Implementing the Fostering Connections Act, 
which is available here: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/
fostering-

[[Page 35466]]

connections-letter. We also provide materials related to data sharing 
with education here: https://www.nrcpfc.org/is/education-and-child-welfare.html#data. We intend to continue developing technical 
assistance materials with the Department of Education.
    In paragraph (f), we specify that title IV-E agencies use a single 
data exchange standard for CCWIS data exchanges described in Sec.  
1355.52(f)(1) and (2) upon implementing a CCWIS.
    Comment: Some commenters noted that the variety of systems, 
partners, and technological platforms makes it difficult to have a 
single data exchange standard applicable in all cases. One noted that 
requiring a single data exchange standard for CWCAs, internal data 
exchanges within CCWIS, and all the electronic systems external to 
CCWIS used by title IV-E staff to collect data limited title IV-E 
agency flexibility, imposed undue burdens on agencies, and impeded 
agencies from developing economical and workable child welfare systems.
    Response: We made a change in response to this comment by removing 
proposed paragraph (f)(2), in which we proposed to require that the 
data exchange standard must apply to internal data exchanges between 
CCWIS automated functions where at least one of the automated functions 
meets the requirements of Sec.  1355.53(a). We agree that a data 
exchange standard applicable to the data exchanges described in the 
rest of paragraph (f) may not be appropriate for CCWIS modules.
    However, we disagree that the requirement to use a single data 
exchange standard for CCWIS electronic bi-directional data exchanges 
limits agency flexibility and imposes undue burdens on agencies. We 
note that the S/TACWIS rule required CWCAs to use S/TACWIS and did not 
allow external systems. Although the CCWIS rule permits CWCAs to use 
their systems and exchange data with CCWIS, title IV-E agencies may 
still require CWCAs to use CCWIS. Likewise, CCWIS rules permit workers 
to use external systems that exchange data with CCWIS, but the agency 
may require workers to use CCWIS. If the title IV-E agency requires 
these entities to use CCWIS, then data exchanges (and the supporting 
data exchange standard) are not needed.
    We also disagree that a data exchange standard prevents the 
development of workable, economical child welfare systems. We agree 
that it may be challenging to implement a single data exchange 
standard. However, once implemented, a single standard is easier to 
maintain than multiple standards, facilitates a common understanding of 
the data among all partners, simplifies data exchanges, and supports 
consistent and improved service delivery to children and families. We 
also note that the rule does not require system modifications to 
support the standard. Instead, we encourage developers to reduce costs 
by mapping their system's data to the agreed-upon standard so that data 
is transformed when using the data exchange.
    We intend to provide additional guidance on data exchange 
standards.
    Comment: One commenter noted that other state agencies may be 
unwilling to conform to the data exchange standard.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the data exchange standard 
requirement only applies to the data exchanges described in paragraphs 
(f)(1) and (2), which are respectively CWCA systems described in 
paragraph (e)(1)(ii) and external systems described in paragraph 
(e)(1)(iv). Although we encourage the use of a standard in data 
exchanges with other agencies, this rule does not require it.
    Comment: Several commenters asked if the data exchange standard 
applies to data exchanges implemented before the rule's effective date, 
such as data exchanges already in place due to state statutory 
requirements.
    Response: Yes, upon implementation of a CCWIS, the title IV-E 
agency must use a single data exchange standard with CWCAs and external 
systems as described in this paragraph, including exchanges that were 
implemented before the rule's effective date.
    Comment: One commenter suggested that software module reuse, as 
encouraged by the CCWIS design requirements at Sec.  1355.54, may be 
hampered by the flexibility this paragraph provides title IV-E agencies 
to select the data exchange standard applicable to their CCWIS project. 
The commenter noted that modules designed to one data exchange 
standard's specifications may not be reusable by a project with a 
different data exchange standard. This problem may be resolved by 
establishing a national data exchange standard for all title IV-E 
agencies.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment. 
We agree that a national data exchange standard would facilitate 
software reuse by different title IV-E agencies. However, we have 
observed that a number of title IV-E agencies must follow standards 
established by the state or tribe. Specifying a national data exchange 
standard for CCWIS may prevent agencies with a different standard from 
implementing a CCWIS. At the same time, ACF intends to provide guidance 
and technical assistance on data standards that may help promote reuse.
    Comment: Several comments asked for clarity on the definition of 
``one data exchange standard.'' One commenter asked if the data 
exchange standard must specify a single communication protocol or 
multiple protocols. Another commenter asked us to confirm that this 
definition did not include the technology to transfer the data.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment 
because, although paragraph (f) specifies that the standard describe 
the data, definitions and formats, we are providing flexibility for 
title IV-E agencies to define the ``other specifications'' of their 
data exchange standard.
    We would like to clarify that data exchange standards that permit 
multiple communication protocols are acceptable. We note that some 
standards, such as the NIEM, permit the use of any electronic 
communication protocol for data exchanges. We do not recommend that the 
standard specify the data transfer technology so that the standard is 
usable in different technical environments.
    Comment: One commenter asked if the rule would provide further 
details of the phrase ``support interoperability through standard 
exchange protocols.''
    Response: We would like to clarify that we will provide further 
guidance in subsequent policy issuances.
    Comment: One commenter asked whether it is the state or tribe that 
selects the data exchange standard.
    Response: We would like to clarify that it is the state or tribe 
that is implementing the CCWIS that selects the data exchange standard 
for its CCWIS project.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we encourage the use of existing 
data exchange standards such as those mandated by the Office of the 
National Coordinator for Health Information Technology because these 
standards can provide immediate interoperability.
    Response: While we agree that there are advantages to existing 
standards, we would like to clarify that our rule preserves flexibility 
for title IV-E agencies to select or develop a data exchange standard 
most suitable for their circumstances.
    Comment: One commenter asked if the title IV-E agency's data 
exchange standard could change over time.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the data exchange standard 
can change over time. For example,

[[Page 35467]]

standards often add nuanced and precise conditions to accommodate new 
and varied circumstances or expand to standardize new areas to address 
changing policies or practices.
    The title IV-E agency may change standards consistent with APD 
rules at 45 CFR 95.610(c)(2). For example, the title IV-E agency may 
select one data exchange standard but state or tribal authorities may 
later impose a different standard.
    In paragraph (f)(1), we specify that a single data exchange 
standard be used for electronic bi-directional data exchanges between 
CCWIS and each child welfare contributing agency.
    Comment: One commenter noted that CWCAs may have established data 
exchange standards that are different from the title IV-E agency 
selected data exchange standard.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment. 
We encourage title IV-E agencies to promote uniform standards in 
contracts and agreements with CWCAs. We also remind title IV-E agencies 
that they may require CWCAs to use CCWIS, which makes a bi-directional 
data exchange and the use of a data exchange standard in this situation 
unnecessary.
    In paragraph (f)(2), we specify that the data exchange standard 
must apply to data exchanges with external systems described under 
paragraph (e)(1)(iv)). We received no comments on paragraph (f)(2).
    In paragraph (g), we specify requirements for automated support for 
title IV-E eligibility determinations.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we mandate that the title IV-E 
agency only conduct the title IV-E eligibility process within CCWIS and 
that CCWIS be the system of record for eligibility determinations.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment. 
This requirement has been in place for the past 20 years and has 
provided title IV-E agencies with the flexibility to design title IV-E 
eligibility determination processes that fit their business model. This 
requirement also allows agencies to take advantage of shared 
eligibility services developed by other health and human service 
programs.
    We would also like to clarify that the data requirements in 
paragraph (b)(1)(ii) require CCWIS to be the system of record for the 
calculated outcome of the title IV-E eligibility determination process.
    In paragraph (g)(1), we specify that a state title IV-E agency must 
use the same automated function or the same group of automated 
functions for all title IV-E eligibility determinations.
    Comment: A commenter recommended we provide an exemption to 
paragraph (g)(1) to permit states to align CCWIS design with their 
practice models, existing systems, and geography. Other commenters 
thought that this requirement was inconsistent with the ACF's 
encouragement to use independent and reusable modules.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to these comments. 
We are not providing an exemption because over the past twenty years, 
states have been able to automate varied title IV-E eligibility 
determination processes with the flexibility provided by this 
requirement.
    We would like to clarify that the requirement that the same 
automated function or group of automated functions process all title 
IV-E eligibility determinations permits agencies to build independent 
modules responsible for defined steps of the title IV-E eligibility 
determination process. Agencies can reuse these well-defined modules in 
other similar processes.
    In paragraph (g)(2), we specify that tribal title IV-E agencies, to 
the extent practicable, use the same automated function or the same 
group of automated functions for all title IV-E eligibility 
determinations.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (h), we specify that the title IV-E agency must 
provide a copy of agency-owned software that is designed, developed, or 
installed with FFP and associated documentation to the designated 
federal repository upon ACF's request.
    Comment: Some commenters requested we clarify that this requirement 
only applies to new software developed once an agency implements a 
CCWIS or transitions another system to CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we may request software 
from legacy systems developed with FFP per 45 CFR 95.617(b). However, 
we intend to place modules that are candidates for reuse by title IV-E 
agencies in the federal repository, rather than entire legacy S/TACWIS 
or non-S/TACWIS systems.
    Comment: One commenter asked if counties and consortiums serving 
children eligible for title IV-E would be able to access the federal 
repository.
    Response: We would like to clarify that with federal approval, 
title IV-E agencies may provide software and associated documentation 
from the federal repository to counties and consortiums serving 
children receiving title IV-E.
    Comment: Some commenters asked if title IV-E agencies would be 
required to submit commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products, third 
party utilities, and automated functions that support multiple 
operations within an agency.
    Response: We would like to clarify that since ACF is not granted a 
license to COTS products or third party utilities that are not owned by 
the title IV-E agency per 45 CFR 95.617, these products are excluded 
from the federal repository. However, ACF is granted a license to 
automated functions designed, developed, or installed with any FFP, so 
we may place the modules that are candidates for reuse by title IV-E 
agencies in the federal repository.
    Comment: One commenter recommended we permit states to seek 
exceptions to this requirement due to the cost effectiveness of 
providing the software.
    Response: We are not making a change to this requirement in 
response to the comment because our authority for requesting software 
is provided by the APD rule at 45 CFR 95.617. We also note that the 
authority to request state or tribal owned software is not new and the 
cost savings available to IV-E agencies for the re-use of software will 
outweigh the cost of sharing a copy of the software.
    In paragraph (i)(1), we specify that before claiming funding in 
accordance with a CCWIS cost allocation, a title IV-E agency must 
submit an APD or, if below the APD submission thresholds defined at 45 
CFR 95.611, a Notice of Intent.
    In paragraph (i)(1)(i), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
include in the APD or Notice of Intent a project plan describing how 
the CCWIS will meet the requirements in Sec.  1355.52(a) through (h) 
and, if applicable, CCWIS options as described in Sec.  1355.54.
    Comment: Some commenters noted that the APD process discouraged 
rapid incremental CCWIS enhancements. They recommended we specifically 
encourage agile and iterative practices as outlined in the U.S. Digital 
Services Playbook.
    Response: We disagree that the APD process discourages rapid 
incremental enhancements and note that we have worked with states that 
have used an agile development process. Furthermore, changes to the APD 
process and rule are outside the scope of this rule. We support the 
principles outlined in the U.S. Digital Services Playbook to help 
agencies build effective digital systems.

[[Page 35468]]

    Comment: Some commenters were concerned that the Notice of Intent 
required for projects under the $5 million threshold was excessively 
burdensome. They noted that there did not appear to be a substantive 
distinction between the submission requirements for these below-
threshold projects and projects in excess of $5 million. The commenters 
recommended we reduce the burden to under threshold projects and 
recalculate the impact analysis for title IV-E agencies submitting a 
Notice of Intent.
    Response: We are making a change to these requirements in response 
to these comments to reduce burden on title IV-E agencies. We 
acknowledge that, as required by paragraph (i)(1)(i), developing ``A 
project plan describing how the CCWIS will meet the requirements in 
paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section and, if applicable, Sec.  
1355.54'' could be interpreted as requiring extensive planning. 
Therefore, we revised paragraph (i)(1)(i) to require ``A description of 
how the CCWIS will meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (h) 
of this section and, if applicable Sec.  1355.54;''. This revision 
permits an agency to provide a narrative outlining the agency's 
approach instead of a detailed project plan including tasks, schedules, 
and resources.
    We intend to provide a Notice of Intent template that title IV-E 
agencies may complete to meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(1). Use 
of this template will not be required, however, it will simplify the 
completion of the Notice of Intent, thereby significantly reducing 
burden.
    We are not making changes to the burden estimate as requested. We 
considered the reduced burden (from the revised requirement and Notice 
of Intent template) when we reviewed our impact analysis. We believe 
that the impact analysis accurately estimates the agency's burden for 
completing a Notice of Intent.
    Finally, we would also like to clarify that the submission 
requirements for projects under the $5 million threshold are 
substantially less than the requirements for projects over $5 million. 
While all projects must meet the submission requirements of paragraph 
(i) and submit Operational APDs, projects over $5 million must also 
meet all the requirements of 45 CFR part 95, subpart F, including the 
requirements for Planning, Implementation, and As-Needed APDs as well 
as APD Updates.
    In paragraph (i)(1)(ii), we specify that the APD or Notice of 
Intent include a list of all automated functions that will be included 
in the CCWIS.
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.
    In paragraph (i)(1)(iii), we specify that the APD or Notice of 
Intent provide a notation whether each automated function listed in 
paragraph (i)(1)(ii) meets, or when implemented will meet, the 
requirements of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(iii)(A) through (C).
    In paragraph (i)(1)(iii)(A), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
report in the APD or Notice of Intent whether an automated function 
supports (or when implemented will support) at least one of the CCWIS 
requirements listed at Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable, CCWIS options 
as described in Sec.  1355.54.
    We did not receive any comments on paragraph (i)(1)(iii)(A) and 
made no changes.
    In paragraph (i)(1)(iii)(B), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
report in the APD or Notice of Intent whether an automated function is 
not (or when implemented will not be) duplicated within the CCWIS or 
systems supporting child welfare contributing agencies and is 
consistently used by all child welfare workers responsible for the area 
supported by the automated function.
    Comment: One commenter asked if the requirement would apply to a 
``contract service provider.'' The commenter noted the title IV-E 
agency may be unaware of duplicate functionality in a contract service 
provider's system since federal funds were not used for that system and 
therefore the title IV-E agency does not monitor them.
    Response: We would like to clarify that if a ``contract service 
provider'' is a CWCA and its system has automated functions that are 
duplicated by CCWIS, CCWIS funding is not available for those automated 
functions. We believe that title IV-E agencies would be able to 
discover duplicate functionality in a CWCA system. As CWCAs are 
established by agreement or contract with the title IV-E agency to 
provide specific services, the title IV-E agency will know what 
activities that agency supports. Furthermore, if the CWCA is providing 
the CCWIS data related to those activities that are also performed in 
the CCWIS, the function is duplicated.
    We remind title IV-E agencies they have options to address the 
issue of CWCA systems duplicating CCWIS automated functions. For 
example, the title IV-E agency may:
     Require some or all CWCAs to use CCWIS.
     Monitor agency systems for duplicate automated functions. 
Agencies have tools other than system audits to detect duplicated 
functionality. For example, duplicate functionality may be indicated if 
a CWCA submits CCWIS data that is also generated by a CCWIS automated 
function.
     Claim non-CCWIS cost allocation for CCWIS automated 
functions duplicated by a CWCA system.
    Finally, we remind title IV-E agencies that the existence of 
duplicated functionality will not cause ACF to classify a system as 
non-CCWIS. The agency may claim non-CCWIS cost allocation for the 
duplicated function. The system may remain a CCWIS.
    In paragraph (i)(1)(iii)(C), we specify that the title IV-E agency 
report in the APD or Notice of Intent whether an automated function 
complies (or when implemented will comply) with CCWIS design 
requirements described under Sec.  1355.53(a), unless exempted in 
accordance with Sec.  1355.53(b).
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (i)(2), we require title IV-E agencies to submit new 
information in their annual Operational APDs and Annual APD Updates for 
all CCWIS projects. The new information required by this paragraph 
includes an updated list of automated functions incorporated in CCWIS, 
a notation of whether each automated function listed in Sec.  
1355.52(i)(2)(i) meets (or when implemented will meet) the requirements 
of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(iii)(B), and a description of any changes to the 
scope or the design criteria described at Sec.  1355.53(a) for any 
automated function listed in Sec.  1355.52(i)(2)(i).
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.
    In paragraph (j), we specify that a title IV-E agency claiming 
title IV-E FFP for a CCWIS project below the APD submission thresholds 
at 45 CFR 95.611, will be subject to certain portions of the APD rules 
that we have determined are necessary for effective project management.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.

CCWIS Design Requirements (Sec.  1355.53)

    In paragraph (a), we specify the design requirements for a CCWIS.
    Comment: Several commenters expressed concern that currently 
approved and non-approved S/TACWIS systems would have to be completely 
rebuilt because they do not comply with the CCWIS design requirements.
    Response: As noted in our proposal, we encourage title IV-E 
agencies to consider using an existing S/TACWIS or non-S/TACWIS as the 
foundation of a CCWIS. This allows the agency to

[[Page 35469]]

preserve information technology investments in a S/TACWIS or non-S/
TACWIS system because large portions of such a system probably meet 
some CCWIS requirements, and the title IV-E agency may enhance the 
system to meet the remaining CCWIS requirements. In paragraph Sec.  
1355.53(b)(1), we exempt CCWIS automated functions from one or more of 
the CCWIS design requirements in Sec.  1355.53(a) if the CCWIS project 
meets the requirements of Sec.  1355.56(b) (submission requirements 
during the transition period) or Sec.  1355.56(f)(1) (submission of APD 
or Notice of Intent during the transition period). We allow this 
exemption so that title IV-E agencies do not have to replace existing 
automated functions of S/TACWIS and non-S/TACWIS projects transitioning 
to CCWIS if the automated functions do not meet the proposed design 
requirements of Sec.  1355.53(a). This will reduce the costs of 
transitioning these systems to CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter noted that it may be difficult to transition 
a S/TACWIS to a CCWIS meeting the CCWIS design requirements. The 
commenter noted that designs that separated business rules from core 
programming could not be built on a S/TACWIS that had not met this 
requirement.
    Response: We would like to clarify that a title IV-E agency is not 
required to follow the CCWIS design requirements for enhancements to 
their existing system per Sec.  1355.57(a)(1).
    Comment: Several commenters noted that if title IV-E agencies are 
responsible for the quality of data provided from other programs and if 
the data exchange requirements of Sec.  1355.52(e) are not clarified, 
it will be difficult to comply with the CCWIS design requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the CCWIS data quality 
review process will identify problems with ``relevant'' data exchanged 
with other systems and prioritize changes to improve the data. We 
disagree that data quality problems in the system exchanges make it 
difficult to comply with the CCWIS design requirements. Our responses 
to comments under Sec.  1355.52(e) provide relevant clarifications to 
the data exchange requirements. We encourage title IV-E agencies to 
contact us if additional clarifications are needed.
    Comment: One commenter asked if we have established minimum 
standards title IV-E agencies must follow when selecting vendors or 
proprietary products.
    Response: We would like to clarify that all products, like other 
modules, must be able to communicate reliably with other CCWIS modules. 
This includes vendor or proprietary products. Products must also meet 
the specific requirements of the state, tribal, or industry standard 
selected by the title IV-E agency per paragraph (a)(3).
    In paragraph (a)(1), we specify that CCWIS automated functions must 
follow a modular design that includes the separation of business rules 
from core programming.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended that, to promote 
reusability, we specify each module's functions, inputs and outputs as 
well as diagramming the relationships between modules. One commenter 
recommended adding a definition of ``reusable module'' to describe the 
components. Another commenter recommended we set national standards for 
the most common data exchanges as this would eliminate potential 
incompatibilities and assist states in developing reusable modules.
    Response: We are not making changes in response to these comments. 
While we agree that requiring all title IV-E agencies to build modules 
to the same set of specifications would promote reusability, such 
specifications would reduce agency flexibility to design systems 
tailored to their policies and business processes. We are not adding a 
definition of ``reusable module'' in order to provide title IV-E 
agencies, in collaboration with the industry, the flexibility to design 
modules best suited to agency business needs.
    We continue to work with the NIEM Human Service Domain to develop 
common data exchanges. Although we will not establish these data 
exchanges as a required national standard, we encourage their use as 
agencies develop CCWIS systems, if it is suitable for the agency.
    Comment: A number of commenters recommended we not require the 
separation of business rules from core programming where a state's best 
judgment is that such a separation does not make sense. While 
acknowledging that states could seek a waiver per paragraph (b), 
commenters thought it was not efficient and economical to require 
waivers for this requirement. Several commenters also requested we 
evaluate the burden of separating business rules from core processing 
in existing SACWIS systems.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment 
because the separation of business rules from core programming promotes 
reusability by simplifying re-work needed to modify modules for use by 
title IV-E agencies with different business rules.
    We are not evaluating the burden of separating business rules from 
core processing in existing S/TACWIS systems because an existing SACWIS 
system that is used as the basis of a CCWIS system is not required to 
meet the design requirements at Sec.  1355.53 (a)(1). Even then, 
automated functions developed after the transition period may be 
exempted if the agency submits an alternative design that is approved 
by ACF per Sec.  1355.53(b). We also note that the waiver process for 
an existing system transitioning to a CCWIS is categorically defined in 
these rules and therefore is not onerous to establish.
    Comment: A commenter noted that modularity provides benefits, but 
depending upon how it is designed and implemented, can increase costs 
and complexity. The commenter recommended that states select modular 
approaches that are cost effective.
    Response: We agree that the design approach affects CCWIS costs and 
the complexity of the software. However, the savings realized by 
decreased operational costs of well-designed systems and the 
reusability of these modules should offset the initial modular 
development costs. We note that this paragraph does not require a 
specific design approach so that a title IV-E agency can select an 
efficient, economical, and effective approach suitable to the agency's 
business processes and technological environment.
    Comment: One commenter asked that we define ``core programming'' 
and provide our vision of separating business rules from core 
programming.
    Response: We are not adding a definition of ``core programming'' 
beyond distinguishing it from business rules per the requirement, to 
provide title IV-E agencies with the flexibility to design modules in a 
cost effective manner that may be shared and reused.
    Comment: One commenter asked if this requirement applies only to 
new development. The commenter also asked what the benefit of this 
requirement is to states that are already modular and SACWIS compliant.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the CCWIS design 
requirements only apply to new development on a S/TACWIS transitioning 
to CCWIS regardless of whether the existing S/TACWIS is modular or not. 
The requirement provides the benefits of modularity to all systems.
    Comment: Several commenters, while indicating support for the 
rule's definition of modularity, expressed

[[Page 35470]]

concern that industry may not be able to support this definition.
    Response: We would like to clarify that information technology 
commenters on the NPRM did not express concern with the definition. We 
note that the information technology industry has long promoted modular 
design and developed many successful products based on these 
principles. Some federal government agencies encourage modular design 
in policy issuances and established rules, such as in the CMS rule at 
42 CFR 433.112(b)(10).
    Comment: One commenter asked if this requirement applied to 
Software as a Service systems owned or maintained by vendors.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this requirement does not 
apply to Software as a Service systems owned or maintained by vendors.
    In paragraph (a)(2), we specify that title IV-E agencies must 
document CCWIS automated functions with plain language.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended we incorporate the time and 
cost of training staff to document automated functions in plain 
language and the cost of this translation into the impact analysis. 
They recommended that to save time, staffing, and resources the 
requirement should be for ``concise and effective'' documentation. 
Commenters also asked if this requirement would apply retroactively.
    Response: We are not increasing impact analysis costs in response 
to this comment because this requirement is an industry standard best 
practice proven to reduce overall system development and maintenance 
costs.
    We are not changing the requirement because ``concise and effective 
documentation'' is consistent with this paragraph.
    Finally, we would like to clarify that this is not a retroactive 
requirement applicable to automated functions in existing systems. It 
applies to documentation associated with new automated functions 
developed for a CCWIS.
    In paragraph (a)(3), we specify that automated functions contained 
in CCWIS must adhere to a state, tribal, or industry defined standards 
that promotes efficient, economical, and effective development of 
automated functions and produce reliable systems.
    Comment: Several commenters asked if the state must use one 
standard for all functions or if it is permissible to use different 
standards for different functions. The commenters were concerned that 
it would limit state flexibility if only one standard is permitted.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the requirement is for a 
single standard. However, we encourage title IV-E agencies to select or 
design a standard that accommodates variations in their development 
approach. It is acceptable for the documented standard to apply certain 
requirements for one set of conditions and other requirements for other 
conditions.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended we include the cost of 
drafting a waiver request per paragraph (b) for this requirement in the 
impact analysis.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the APD rule included the 
burden estimate of providing a business case for any purpose, including 
requesting rule waivers. We also note that the waiver process for an 
existing system transitioning to a CCWIS is categorically defined in 
paragraph (b)(1) and is not onerous to establish.
    In paragraph (a)(4), we specify that CCWIS automated functions must 
be capable of being shared, leveraged, and reused as a separate 
component within and among states and tribes.
    Comment: Several commenters requested we clarify the process by 
which states would be able to share components, including all relevant 
scenarios.
    Response: We would like to clarify the two general processes by 
which title IV-E agencies may share components. First, ACF may request 
software and associated documents for the federal repository per 
requirements at Sec.  1355.52(h). ACF may then share these products 
with title IV-E agencies at the agency's request. Second, title IV-E 
agencies may directly share products with other agencies.
    We acknowledge there may be variations on these processes and 
encourage title IV-E agencies to contact us for guidance. The 
requirement for sharing federally funded software between states has 
been required in the APD rule prior to 1993.
    Comment: One commenter asked if this paragraph implied that the 
automated functions must be ``plug and play''.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the automated functions are 
not required to adapt to different hardware configurations without 
manual configuration (plug and play).
    Comment: One commenter noted that the variation between state and 
tribal child welfare programs might limit the reuse of CCWIS automated 
functions designed for a specific title IV-E agency's requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this paragraph requires 
automated functions to be reusable. We expect that title IV-E agencies 
will reuse modules when it is efficient, economical, and effective to 
do. We do not require modules be reused when it is not appropriate, 
such as when a module does not support an agency's business processes.
    In paragraph (b), we specify that CCWIS automated functions may be 
exempted from one or more of the CCWIS design requirements in Sec.  
1355.53(a) under certain conditions.
    In paragraph (b)(1), we specify that CCWIS automated functions may 
be exempted from one or more of the CCWIS design requirements in Sec.  
1355.53(a) if the CCWIS project meets the requirements of Sec.  
1355.56(b) or (f)(1).
    Comment: One commenter asked if existing data exchanges are 
included in the exemption provided by paragraph (b)(1).
    Response: We would like to clarify that automated functions, 
including data exchanges, that have been implemented in a system 
meeting the requirements of Sec.  1355.56(b) or (f)(1) may be exempted 
from one or more of the CCWIS design requirements under certain 
conditions.
    In paragraph (b)(2), we specify that CCWIS automated functions may 
be exempted from one or more of the CCWIS design requirements in Sec.  
1355.53(a) if ACF approves, on a case-by-case basis, an alternative 
design proposed by a title IV-E agency that is determined by ACF to be 
more efficient, economical, and effective than what is found in 
paragraph (a).
    Comment: Several commenters asked us to clarify our process for 
reviewing exemption requests received in accordance with paragraph 
(b)(2).
    Response: We would like to clarify that the review process for 
exemption requests will be clarified in later technical assistance and 
will include the submission of a business case explaining the rationale 
for the alternative design.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended we clarify the criteria or 
the sufficient evidence and the burden of proof necessary to grant an 
exemption in accordance with these requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we cannot anticipate how 
technology might change and so cannot provide specific criteria that 
unknown innovations must satisfy to quality for an exemption. However, 
we would like to reiterate that the review process for exemption 
requests is governed by the

[[Page 35471]]

existing APD rules at 45 CFR part 95, subpart F.

CCWIS Options (Sec.  1355.54)

    We specify in Sec.  1355.54 that if a project meets, or when 
completed will meet, the requirements of Sec.  1355.52, then ACF may 
approve CCWIS funding described at Sec.  1355.57 for other ACF-approved 
data exchanges or automated functions that are necessary to achieve 
title IV-E or IV-B program goals.
    Comment: A number of commenters were concerned that the CWCA 
definition precluded agencies from implementing exchanges with entities 
that did not conform to the definition. Another commenter emphasized 
the importance of service data, particularly substance abuse, mental 
health, and other treatment data in order to increase child safety and 
well-being.
    Response: We would like to clarify that Sec.  1355.54 permits title 
IV-E agencies to implement optional data exchanges in addition to the 
mandatory data exchanges specified in Sec.  1355.52(e). These optional 
data exchanges may include entities that are not CWCAs. For example, 
title IV-E agencies may implement data exchanges with service 
providers, such as providers of substance abuse, mental health, and 
other treatment services. Another example of optional data exchanges 
includes an exchange between tribes and states to support state efforts 
to comply with ICWA and share case-level information. Yet another 
example is an exchange between title IV-E agencies and Social Security 
Administration to support timely automated verification of Social 
Security Numbers and identification of client benefit information.
    Comment: One commenter asked if all data exchanges must be bi-
directional. The commenter noted there may be circumstances where 
either the title IV-E agency or another agency, but not both, would 
benefit from a data exchange.
    Response: We would like to clarify that while Sec.  1355.52(e) uses 
the express term ``bi-directional data exchange'' when referring to 
required data exchanges, Sec.  1355.54 does not, and the term ``data 
exchange'' here includes both uni-directional and bi-directional data 
exchanges. Therefore, CCWIS may include uni-directional optional data 
exchanges.
    However, Sec.  1355.54 requires that the data exchange benefit 
title IV-B or title IV-E programs to receive CCWIS funding. Therefore, 
exchanges benefiting the title IV-E agency may be eligible for CCWIS 
funding, but exchanges not benefiting the title IV-E agency must be 
cost allocated to the benefiting program or programs.
    Comment: One commenter noted that the rule should not provide a 
``wish list'' but provide states with the option (but not the mandate) 
to go beyond minimum requirements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this rule establishes the 
minimum requirements. This section provides title IV-E agencies with 
the option to implement data exchanges and automated functions that are 
not covered by the minimum requirements.

Review and Assessment of CCWIS Projects (Sec.  1355.55)

    In Sec.  1355.55, we specify that ACF will review, assess, and 
inspect the planning, design, development, installation, operation, and 
maintenance of each CCWIS project on a continuing basis, in accordance 
with APD requirements in 45 CFR part 95, subpart F, to determine the 
extent to which the project meets the requirements in Sec. Sec.  
1355.52, 1355.53, 1355.56, and, if applicable, Sec.  1355.54.
    Comment: Several commenters asked us to clarify how ACF will 
conduct reviews on a ``continuing basis'' and requested we update the 
impact analysis to reflect the additional work required of state staff.
    Response: We would like to clarify this is not a new requirement. 
We have conducted continuing reviews of S/TACWIS in collaboration with 
title IV-E agencies for the past 20 years in accordance with Sec.  
1355.55(a). While some reviews are comprehensive and determine 
compliance with all requirements, most reviews target a subset of 
requirements or specific implementation topics or project issues.
    Comment: Some commenters asked for clarification on ACF's approach 
for reviewing CCWIS projects and recommended we clarify the criteria 
for reviews, such as in a published checklist. They note that such 
guidance may reduce delays and costs. One commenter asked if the 
reviews would be similar to SACWIS reviews.
    Response: We would like to clarify that our reviews will evaluate 
aspects of CCWIS such as: System functionality, CCWIS design 
requirements, data quality requirements, and compliance with data 
exchange standards, as well as the requirements specific to new CCWIS 
projects and projects transitioning to CCWIS as described in the 
proposed sections on funding, cost allocation, and submission 
requirements. The reviews will measure compliance with requirements in 
Sec. Sec.  1355.52, 1355.53, 1355.56, and, if applicable, Sec.  
1355.54. If a title IV-E agency builds a CCWIS similar to a full-
functioned S/TACWIS, the CCWIS review may be similar to a S/TACWIS 
review. However, if the CCWIS has a different configuration, we will 
tailor the review to evaluate the configuration.
    We agree that guidance may reduce delays and costs. Just as we 
published a review guide for comprehensive S/TACWIS reviews, we will 
also publish a CCWIS review guide and provide additional technical 
assistance. Similar to S/TACWIS reviews, we will work collaboratively 
with the title IV-E agency prior to a review to clarify expectations, 
answer questions, and provide technical assistance.
    Comment: Several commenters asked that the rule clarify any 
differences between the scope of reviews for:
    (a) projects over the $5 million threshold requiring an APD; and
    (b) projects under the $5 million threshold requiring the 
submission of a Notice of Intent.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the review requirements are 
the same for all CCWIS projects. The extent and scope may vary 
depending upon the factors such as the size of the CCWIS, the child 
welfare policies supported by the CCWIS, and whether CWCAs use CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter asked if the CCWIS reviews would be like 
SACWIS reviews or solely based on the state's data quality plan.
    Response: We would like to clarify that we intend to continue the 
practice established under the S/TACWIS rule of conducting monitoring 
as well as comprehensive reviews. CCWIS reviews may include, but not be 
limited to, the title IV-E agency's data quality plan.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked what data quality metrics ACF 
would use during the reviews.
    Response: As we noted in our response under Sec.  1355.52(d)(1), we 
will use the standards in federal laws, regulations, and policies for 
evaluating data quality for federally required data described in Sec.  
1355.52(b)(1). We will apply the standards established by the state or 
tribe when evaluating the quality of required state or tribal data 
described in Sec.  1355.52(b)(2). If these two standards apply to the 
same data, ACF will apply the more rigorous standard. For example, if 
one standard required updating certain CCWIS data in seven days and a 
second standard set a two-day limit, the two-day limit applies.
    Comment: One commenter asked if we required an independent 
verification and validation (IV&V) for CCWIS design, implementation, 
and data quality reviews.

[[Page 35472]]

    Response: We would like to clarify that ACF may require an IV&V per 
45 CFR 95.626. This rule does not specify additional IV&V requirements.

Requirements for S/TACWIS and Non-S/TACWIS Projects During and After 
the Transition Period (Sec.  1355.56)

    In this section, we outline the requirements during and after the 
transition period for S/TACWIS and non-S/TACWIS projects. We received 
several general comments on this section as follows:
    Comment: Several commenters asked that we clarify the requirements 
that must be met by: (1) States building a new system; (2) states 
transitioning their S/TACWIS to a CCWIS; and (3) states wanting to 
enhance their S/TACWIS, but not develop a CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to provide the following clarifications: 
(1) A title IV-E agency building a new CCWIS must meet the requirements 
at paragraph (c) or paragraph (f)(2), as applicable. In addition, an 
agency building a new CCWIS must also meet the requirements of 
Sec. Sec.  1355.52, 1355.53, and, if applicable 1355.54.
    (2) A title IV-E agency transitioning their S/TACWIS to a CCWIS 
must meet the requirements at paragraph (b). In addition, an agency 
with a S/TACWIS transitioning to CCWIS must also meet the requirements 
of Sec.  1355.52, and, if applicable Sec.  1355.53 for new development 
and Sec.  1355.54.
    (3) A title IV-E agency that wants to enhance their S/TACWIS, but 
not develop a CCWIS must meet the requirements at paragraph (d). ACF 
will classify these systems as non-CCWIS. No other requirements of this 
rule apply to non-CCWIS systems. However, title IV-E agencies with a S/
TACWIS that do not meet the requirements of paragraph (d) may be 
subject to funding recoupment as described under paragraph (e).
    We also clarify that none of the requirements of the rule apply to 
title IV-E agencies without a S/TACWIS that decide not to build a 
CCWIS. In these circumstances, the title IV-E agency continues to 
follow the rule at 45 CFR part 95, subpart F for developing, 
implementing, and operating their non-S/TACWIS as a non-CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter was concerned that their state would be 
unable to meet the CCWIS requirements with available funding in the 
timeframe specified. Another commenter asked if there is a deadline for 
completing a S/TACWIS to CCWIS transition.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the timeframe specified in 
this section is the 24-month ``transition period'' for a title IV-E 
agency with a S/TACWIS or non-S/TACWIS to determine whether the agency 
will transition that system to CCWIS. This rule does not establish the 
timeframe for meeting CCWIS requirements with a new CCWIS or a system 
transitioning to CCWIS. The title IV-E agency must propose a timeframe 
in the applicable APD.
    In paragraph (a), we specify that during the transition period, a 
title IV-E agency with a S/TACWIS project may continue to claim title 
IV-E funding according to the cost allocation methodology approved by 
ACF for development or the operational cost allocation plan approved by 
the Department, or both.
    Comment: One commenter asked if title IV-E agencies must use the 
existing cost allocation methodology or if a new methodology is 
required.
    Response: We would like to clarify that S/TACWIS projects may use 
their existing S/TACWIS cost allocation methodology during the 24-month 
transition period, per this paragraph. After the transition period, 
CCWIS and non-CCWIS projects follow the cost allocation rules in Sec.  
1355.57. A S/TACWIS project may also elect to immediately move to a 
non-CCWIS cost allocation methodology. Finally, all title IV-E agencies 
may elect to immediately start a new CCWIS project and use a new cost 
allocation methodology approved by ACF for that project.
    Comment: One commenter noted their state is continually enhancing 
their mature SACWIS and asked if the state is expected to get ACF 
approval before implementation of enhancements.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the APD rule continues to 
apply to all child welfare systems. We will continue to respond to APDs 
within 60 days.
    In paragraph (b), we specify that a S/TACWIS project must meet the 
submission requirements of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1) during the transition 
period to qualify for the CCWIS cost allocation methodology described 
in Sec.  1355.57(a) after the transition period.
    Comment: Several commenters asked for additional guidance on the 
implications of transitioning a S/TACWIS to CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that a S/TACWIS that is 
compliant with the S/TACWIS requirements may be able to achieve CCWIS 
compliance by developing the new bi-directional data exchanges required 
by Sec.  1355.52(e) and documenting their data quality procedures in 
the data quality plan required by Sec.  1355.52(d)(5). However, we 
caution readers that this is general guidance and is not applicable in 
every situation. We encourage title IV-E agencies to review their 
information system and consult with us during the 24-month transition 
period to assess the effort to comply with CCWIS requirements.
    Comment: A commenter requested that the rule provide title IV-E 
agencies with the flexibility to develop or revise existing systems to 
collect required data. Another commenter noted that states and 
jurisdictions may not have the resources to build a new system.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this paragraph permits 
title IV-E agencies to develop or revise (i.e., transition) their 
existing S/TACWIS to CCWIS. It may be less costly to develop new bi-
directional data exchanges required by Sec.  1355.52(e) and documenting 
data quality procedures in the data quality plan required by Sec.  
1355.52(d)(5) than it would be to implement this same activities along 
with developing a new system.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that the 24-month transition 
period should not begin until ACF issues sub-regulatory guidance with 
further clarifications because this additional guidance is needed for 
states to decide if they want to transition a S/TACWIS or non-S/TACWIS 
to CCWIS.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment as 
the rule adequately defines the scope of CCWIS. Although, as noted in 
other responses, we do intend to issue additional guidance, this 
guidance is not necessary during the transition stage when agencies 
review their policies, practices, and IT capabilities to assess whether 
CCWIS is appropriate to support their business practices. We encourage 
title IV-E agencies to contact us to review issues specific to their 
agency.
    We also note that title IV-E agencies may start a new CCWIS project 
at any time. The 24-month transition period (including a decision and 
the submission of certain documentation) only applies to: (1) a S/
TACWIS transitioning to a CCWIS; (2) a S/TACWIS not transitioning to a 
CCWIS; or (3) a non-S/TACWIS transitioning to CCWIS.
    Comment: A few commenters recommended we change the 24-month 
transition period to provide states with more time. One commenter 
requested we extend the transition period while another commenter 
recommended we permit states to transition to CCWIS at any time.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph because we 
do not require agencies to complete the

[[Page 35473]]

transition during the 24-month period. This paragraph requires title 
IV-E agencies transitioning a S/TACWIS to CCWIS to submit the required 
documentation notifying ACF of this plan during the 24-month transition 
period. We believe that 24 months is sufficient time for this decision. 
We note that agencies may build a new CCWIS, or modify an existing S/
TACWIS to meet CCWIS requirements at any time, although the agency will 
be subject to the funding requirements of Sec.  1355.57(b) instead of 
Sec.  1355.57(a).
    Comment: A few commenters asked what happens to SACWIS action plans 
and SACWIS Assessment Review Guide updates if a state decides to 
transition a SACWIS to CCWIS.
    Response: Title IV-E agencies that notify ACF pursuant to the 
requirements at paragraph (b) that they are transitioning a S/TACWIS to 
CCWIS are not required to complete S/TACWIS action plans or provide S/
TACWIS Assessment Review Guide updates. While S/TACWIS action plans 
will be closed, it is possible that the S/TACWIS issue identified 
during a S/TACWIS Assessment Review will also be a CCWIS compliance 
issue that will be identified during a subsequent CCWIS Assessment 
Review.
    In paragraph (c), we specify that a title IV-E agency with a S/
TACWIS may request approval to initiate a new CCWIS and qualify for the 
CCWIS cost allocation methodology described in Sec.  1355.57(b) by 
meeting the submission requirements of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1).
    Comment: One commenter recommended that the rule provide states and 
jurisdictions with the option to build a new CCWIS within an extended 
timeframe to provide them with sufficient time to plan strategically.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment 
because there is no deadline for title IV-E agencies to elect to build 
a new CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter asked if title IV-E agencies that transition 
a S/TACWIS to CCWIS retain the option to build a new CCWIS later.
    Response: We would like to clarify that a title IV-E agency may 
initiate a new CCWIS project at any time. If a title IV-E agency 
transitions a S/TACWIS to CCWIS and then decides to develop a new 
CCWIS, the agency would inform ACF via the APD process described in 45 
CFR 95.610(c)(2) or the Notice of Intent described in this rule.
    In paragraph (d), we specify requirements for a title IV-E agency 
that elects not to transition a S/TACWIS project to a CCWIS project. In 
paragraph (d)(1), we specify that a title IV-E agency must notify ACF 
in an APD or Notice of Intent submitted during the transition period of 
this election not to transition a S/TACWIS project to a CCWIS project. 
In paragraph (d)(2), we specify that the title IV-E agency that elects 
not to transition its S/TACWIS must continue to use S/TACWIS throughout 
its life expectancy in accordance with 45 CFR 95.619.
    Comment: Several commenters asked us to clarify the requirements of 
paragraph (d)(1) by providing specific language for notifying ACF that 
a state does not intend to transition a S/TACWIS to CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that APD rules include reporting 
changes in an APD Update per 45 CFR 95.610(c)(2), but do not specify 
the specific language title IV-E agencies must use. In this case, an 
APD Update, or a Notice of Intent for a project under the $5 million 
threshold, notifying ACF that the title IV-E agency is not 
transitioning a S/TACWIS to CCWIS is sufficient.
    Comment: A few commenters asked us to clarify the funding 
implications for states deciding to remain a SACWIS. One asked if 
SACWIS would be ``decommissioned'' and, if so, what would be the impact 
upon funding.
    Response: We would like to clarify that 24 months after the 
effective date of the rule (transition period) title IV-E agency child 
welfare information systems are classified as CCWIS or non-CCWIS. If a 
title IV-E agency decides not to transition their S/TACWIS to CCWIS, 
the system will be classified as a non-CCWIS and receive non-CCWIS 
funding. ACF will not ``decommission'' a S/TACWIS that is following the 
requirements of paragraph (d). If the title IV-E agency does not follow 
the requirements of paragraph (d), the S/TACWIS may be subject to 
recoupment of FFP per paragraph (e).
    Comment: One commenter asked if SACWIS may establish data exchanges 
with external systems per the waiver provisions of 45 CFR 95.627.
    Response: As noted above, after the transition period, ACF will 
classify all S/TACWIS systems as CCWIS or non-CCWIS. We would like to 
clarify that non-CCWIS systems may build data exchanges with external 
systems without a waiver but must follow the applicable APD rule. The 
non-CCWIS system may receive non-CCWIS funding to build data exchanges.
    Comment: One commenter noted that the state does not have the 
resources at this time to implement a CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that, per this paragraph, title 
IV-E agencies with a S/TACWIS may decide not to transition to CCWIS. We 
note that agencies may implement a new CCWIS at any time.
    In paragraph (e), we specify that a title IV-E agency that elects 
not to transition its S/TACWIS project to a CCWIS and fails to meet the 
requirements of paragraph (d) of this section is subject to funding 
recoupment described under Sec.  1355.58(d).
    Comment: One commenter asked if there were financial penalties for 
using a SACWIS beyond the 24-month transition period.
    Response: There is no penalty for using a S/TACWIS beyond the 24 
month transition period. However, we would like to clarify that S/
TACWIS systems that do not transition to CCWIS do not maintain S/TACWIS 
level cost allocation after the 24-month transition period. After the 
transition period, the rule classifies these systems as non-CCWIS and 
they may qualify for non-CCWIS cost allocation.
    In paragraph (f), we specify that a title IV-E agency with a non-S/
TACWIS (as defined in Sec.  1355.51) that elects to build a CCWIS or 
transition to a CCWIS must meet the submission requirement of Sec.  
1355.52(i)(1). In paragraph (f)(1), we specify that the APD or Notice 
of Intent must be submitted during the transition period to qualify for 
a CCWIS cost allocation as described at Sec.  1355.57(a). In paragraph 
(f)(2), we specify that a title IV-E agency may submit an APD or, if 
applicable, a Notice of Intent at any time to request approval to 
initiate a new CCWIS and qualify for a CCWIS cost allocation as 
described at Sec.  1355.57(b).
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.

Cost Allocation for CCWIS Projects (Sec.  1355.57)

    Comment: Some commenters noted that the funding may not be 
sufficient for states to transition to a CCWIS or build a new CCWIS. 
Several commenters noted that it is more costly for title IV-E agencies 
to implement systems with the current 50 percent FFP rate as compared 
to the 75 percent FFP rate offered through Federal Fiscal Year 1997.
    Response: We are not making a change in response to this comment 
because we do not have the statutory authority to provide a 75 percent 
FFP rate for CCWIS. The rate of FFP is set by section 474(a)(3)(C) and 
(D) of the Act.
    Comment: A few commenters noted that the rule only offers FFP for 
systems determined to be in development and not for operational costs. 
Additionally, one commenter also cited the costs of

[[Page 35474]]

technology upgrades and changes to meet new federal reporting 
requirements as operational costs that should qualify for the federal 
financial participation.
    Response: We would like to clarify that FFP is available for both 
development and operation costs. As noted in the table on page 48220 of 
the NPRM, the CCWIS development and operational cost allocation 
methodologies both allocate to title IV-E programs the costs benefiting 
state or tribal funded participants of programs and activities 
described in title IV-E. In addition, CCWIS post-implementation costs 
may qualify for CCWIS developmental or operational cost allocation. 
While technology upgrade costs may qualify for CCWIS operational cost 
allocation, new federal reporting requirements may also meet the 
definition of ``development'' at 45 CFR 95.605 so as to qualify for 
CCWIS development cost allocation. We encourage title IV-E agencies to 
contact us for technical assistance regarding whether specific upgrades 
meet the regulatory definition of ``development.''
    Comment: One commenter asked us to clarify the cost allocation 
methodologies so that states can more accurately estimate the budgetary 
impact of a decision to build a CCWIS. The commenter also asked why an 
operational CCWIS or non-CCWIS cannot allocate costs supporting title 
IV-B to title IV-E.
    Response: The cost allocation methodologies for CCWIS and non-CCWIS 
systems are provided in the table on page 48220 of the NPRM. We would 
like to clarify that federal statute does not allow CCWIS operational 
or non-CCWIS costs benefiting title IV-B to be allocated to title IV-E.
    Comment: A few commenters noted that building a CCWIS may require 
states to reallocate staff providing direct services to the CCWIS 
project. To avoid a reduction in direct services, the commenter 
recommended we either provide teams of technical experts or provide 
funds for states to hire or contract for additional experts.
    Response: We agree that the participation of child welfare program 
staff is needed to build any child welfare information system, 
including CCWIS. We would like to clarify that agencies may request FFP 
for experts to assist with CCWIS projects. We also note that title IV-E 
agencies may build a CCWIS in stages, which may reduce the need to 
reallocate staff.
    Comment: One commenter asked what project documentation must be 
submitted to qualify for CCWIS cost allocation.
    Response: We would like to clarify that Sec.  1355.52(i)(1) 
specifies the required documentation. The required documentation is (1) 
a project plan and (2) a list of CCWIS automated functions specifying 
which automated functions meet certain criteria. The title IV-E agency 
submits the required documentation with an APD or, if the project is 
below APD thresholds, a Notice of Intent.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that CCWIS funding be made 
available to support other programs developing data exchanges with 
CCWIS.
    Response: We are not making a change based on these comments 
because sections 474(a)(3)(C) and (D) of the Act only provide the 
authority for title IV-E funding for the planning, design, development, 
installation, and operation of a data collection and information 
retrieval system and the requirements a title IV-E agency must meet to 
receive federal financial participation (FFP).
    In paragraph (a), we specify cost allocation requirements for 
projects transitioning to CCWIS.
    In paragraph (a)(1), we specify that all automated functions 
developed after the transition period for projects meeting the 
submission requirements in Sec.  1355.56(b) or (f)(1) must meet the 
CCWIS design requirements described under Sec.  1355.53(a), unless 
exempted by Sec.  1355.53(b)(2). In paragraph (a)(2), we specify two 
requirements an automated function of a project transitioning to CCWIS 
must meet in order for the Department to consider approving the 
applicable CCWIS cost allocation.
    In paragraph (b), we specify cost allocation requirements for new 
CCWIS projects. In paragraph (b)(1), we specify that unless ACF grants 
the title IV-E agency an exemption in accordance with Sec.  
1355.53(b)(2), all automated functions of a new CCWIS project must meet 
all the CCWIS design requirements described under Sec.  1355.53(a) to 
qualify for CCWIS cost allocation.
    In paragraph (b)(2), we specify the requirements an automated 
function must meet to qualify for CCWIS cost allocation. In paragraph 
(b)(2)(i), we specify that an automated function must support programs 
authorized under titles IV-B or IV-E, and at least one requirement of 
Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable Sec.  1355.54.
    In paragraph (b)(2)(ii), we specify that an automated function must 
not be duplicated within the CCWIS or systems supporting child welfare 
contributing agencies and be consistently used by all child welfare 
users responsible for the area supported by the automated function.
    We received several comments that address both paragraphs (a) and 
(b) simultaneously, and therefore, respond to comments from both 
paragraphs (a) and (b) below.
    Comment: Several commenters recommended we add a new category of 
``enhancement'' to the existing categories of ``development'' and 
``operation'' defined at 45 CFR 95.605 to provide additional funding to 
encourage the agile and iterative improvement of CCWIS.
    Response: We would like to clarify that ``enhancement'' is defined 
at 45 CFR 95.605 and that an enhancement to a system may be classified 
as either development or operations. We are not making a change to 45 
CFR 95.605.
    Comment: One commenter asked if title IV-E agencies could use CCWIS 
funds for the development of modules that are not case management 
related but improve the case management process.
    Response: We would like to clarify that CCWIS funds may be used for 
the development of automated functions in the CCWIS that support the 
requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii). These requirements may 
include automated functions that improve the case management process.
    Comment: A commenter asked if states could use CCWIS funding only 
for the required areas of intake, title IV-E eligibility, case 
management, financial management, resource management, court 
processing, reporting, interfaces, administrative support, and 
security. The commenter also asked if states could purchase modules 
supporting CCWIS functions.
    Response: We would like to clarify that CCWIS data is required but 
title IV-E agencies have the flexibility to collect the data using 
automated functions that may or may not qualify for CCWIS funding. We 
also note that title IV-E agencies may request a waiver to purchase 
COTS products per Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-11-08.
    Comment: Several commenters suggested that, per paragraph 
(b)(2)(ii), precluding federal funding for any ``other systems 
supporting child welfare agencies'' is overly broad.
    Response: We would like to clarify that this rule does not preclude 
non-CCWIS title IV-E funding for title IV-E external or child welfare 
contributing agency systems. However, this comment identified an 
inconsistency between (a)(2)(ii) and (b)(2)(ii) and we are making two 
changes to align these two sections. First in (a)(2)(ii) we are 
deleting the term ``either'' in the phrase

[[Page 35475]]

``is not duplicated within either the CCWIS or systems supporting child 
welfare agencies . . . .'' Second, in (b)(2)(ii) we are deleting the 
term ``other'' in the phrase ``is not duplicated within the CCWIS or 
other systems supporting child welfare agencies . . . .'' These changes 
will align (a)(2)(ii) and (b)(2)(ii).
    Comment: A number of commenters noted that this requirement may be 
difficult to implement in county-administered states where similar 
functions may be performed at the state and county level. As an 
example, one commenter noted that their state's statutory requirements 
led to the development of business processes that required duplicative 
functionality at the state and county level for supporting child abuse 
investigations.
    Response: We would like to clarify that the CCWIS rule provides 
greater flexibility than the S/TACWIS rule. The S/TACWIS rule required 
no duplicate functionality. A single duplicated function, such as for 
child abuse investigations, could prevent a system from receiving any 
S/TACWIS funding, even for non-duplicated functions. Under this CCWIS 
rule, duplicated functionality may qualify for non-CCWIS cost 
allocation while other automated functions that are not duplicated may 
qualify for CCWIS cost allocation.
    Comment: Several commenters were concerned that the phrase ``is 
consistently used by all child welfare users responsible'' for the 
supported area was unclear and so broad as to be unenforceable because 
states cannot guarantee the actions of all users. Commenters noted 
that, for example, a bed vacancy control function may be used by large 
CWCAs but not be needed by small CWCAs.
    Response: We are not making a change to this requirement because it 
is not new. We would like to clarify that this paragraph does not 
require title IV-E agencies to guarantee the actions of all users, but 
rather determine the child welfare system or systems that staff must 
use for their work. For example, if some workers did not need a bed 
vacancy control function, they would not be required to use it. We also 
note that title IV-E agencies may permit multiple bed vacancy control 
functions, which may qualify for non-CCWIS cost allocation.
    Comment: One commenter asked us to define when a new CCWIS project 
``starts.''
    Response: We would like to clarify that ``project'' is defined at 
45 CFR 95.605. For the purposes of this rule, a CCWIS project begins 
when a title IV-E agency submits documentation per Sec.  1355.52(i)(1) 
indicating that it is beginning the activities consistent with the 
definition of a project.
    In paragraph (c), we specify that the Department may approve a 
CCWIS cost allocation for an approved activity for a CCWIS project 
meeting the requirements of Sec.  1355.57(a) (transitioning projects) 
or (b) (new CCWIS projects).
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (d), we specify that the title IV-E agency must 
allocate project costs in accordance with applicable HHS regulations 
and guidance.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraph (e), we specify cost allocation requirements for CCWIS 
development and operational costs.
    In paragraph (e)(1), we specify that a title IV-E agency may 
allocate CCWIS development and operational costs to title IV-E for 
approved system activities and automated functions that meet three 
requirements as described in Sec.  1355.57(e)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
    Comment: One commenter asked if FFP for the maintenance costs for 
COTS products is available.
    Response: We would like to clarify that FFP for the maintenance 
costs for COTS products may be available, per Program Instruction ACF-
OA-13-01.
    In paragraph (e)(1)(i), we specify that the costs are approved by 
the Department. In paragraph (e)(1)(ii), we specify that the costs must 
meet the requirements of Sec.  1355.57(a) (transitioning projects), (b) 
(new CCWIS projects), or (c) (approved activities). In paragraph 
(e)(1)(iii), we specify that the share of costs for system approved 
activities and automated functions that benefit federal, state or 
tribal funded participants in programs and allowable activities 
described in title IV-E of the Act may be allocated to the title IV-E 
program.
    Comment: One commenter provided a list of programs (including 
alternative response to child protective services interventions, 
juvenile justice, and adult protective services) and asked us to 
identify the programs applicable for funding under this paragraph.
    Response: We are not identifying programs applicable for funding 
under this paragraph because we do not want to limit CCWIS cost 
allocation to a specified list. We would like to clarify that we will 
continue to determine appropriate system costs per APD rules. This 
approach provides title IV-E agencies with the flexibility to provide a 
business case in the APD for allocating costs to support specific 
programs to CCWIS, including programs unanticipated at this time.
    In paragraph (e)(2), we specify that title IV-E agencies may 
allocate additional CCWIS development costs to title IV-E for the share 
of system approved activities and automated functions that meet 
requirements in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii). These additional costs 
are described in new paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii). In paragraph 
(e)(2)(i), we specify that CCWIS development costs benefiting title IV-
B programs may be allocated to title IV-E. In paragraph (e)(2)(ii), we 
specify that CCWIS development costs benefiting both title IV-E and 
child welfare related programs may be allocated to title IV-E.
    We received no comments on these paragraphs and made no changes.
    In paragraph (f), we specify that title IV-E costs not previously 
described in this section may be charged to title IV-E at the regular 
administrative rate but only to the extent that title IV-E eligible 
children are served under that program.
    Comment: Several commenters asked if S/TACWIS systems that do not 
implement CCWIS will be able to maintain their current funding level 
after the 24-month transition period.
    Response: We would like to clarify that S/TACWIS systems that do 
not transition to CCWIS do not maintain S/TACWIS level cost allocation 
after the 24-month transition period. After the transition period, the 
rule classifies these systems as non-CCWIS and they may qualify for 
non-CCWIS cost allocation. Please see the NPRM for a discussion of 
CCWIS and non-CCWIS cost allocation methodologies at 80 FR 48220.
    Comment: A number of commenters asked us if county, consortia, or 
private agency systems that collect data and exchange it with CCWIS are 
eligible for FFP. One commenter asked if we considered these potential 
costs in the impact analysts.
    Response: We would like to clarify that, per this paragraph, costs 
for county, consortia, or private agency systems that collect and 
exchange CCWIS data with CCWIS may be eligible as an administrative 
cost for the title IV-E agency. We will work with title IV-E agencies 
on a case-by-case basis to determine how to include these costs in an 
APD.
    We also note that we accounted for all CCWIS costs in the impact 
analysis.

Failure To Meet the Conditions of the Approved APD (Sec.  1355.58)

    In paragraph (a) and in accordance with 45 CFR 75.371 to 75.375 and 
45 CFR 95.635, we specify that ACF may

[[Page 35476]]

suspend title IV-B and IV-E funding for a CCWIS approved in the APD if 
ACF determines that the title IV-E agency fails to comply with the APD 
requirements in 45 CFR part 95, subpart F or fail to meet the CCWIS 
requirements at Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable, Sec. Sec.  1355.53, 
1355.54, or 1355.56.
    Comment: One commenter was concerned that if they planned to 
modernize their current SACWIS but did not want to transition it to a 
CCWIS, they may be a risk for ``failure to comply'' and subject to 
project suspension.
    Response: We made a change to paragraph (a) in response to this 
comment to clarify that Sec.  1355.58 applies only to CCWIS by revising 
the rule to read: ``In accordance with 45 CFR 75.371 through 75.375 and 
45 CFR 95.635, ACF may suspend title IV-B and title IV-E funding 
approved in APD for a CCWIS . . .''
    Please see Sec.  1355.56(d) for requirements for S/TACWIS systems 
that do not transition to CCWIS.
    Comment: One commenter asked that we clearly state the specific 
conditions that could lead to a finding of ``failure to comply.''
    Response: We would like to clarify that there are many conditions 
that could lead to a finding of ``failure to comply'' with APD 
requirements. Therefore, we are unable to list all possible scenarios. 
We intend to continue our practice of working with title IV-E agencies 
at risk of suspension or recoupment so that they may take proactive 
corrective action to avoid the suspension or recoupment activities.
    In paragraph (b), we specify that the suspension of funding for a 
CCWIS under this section begins on the date that ACF determines that 
the agency failed to comply with or meet either the requirements of 
Sec.  1355.58(b)(1) or (2).
    In paragraph (b)(1), we specify that a suspension of CCWIS funding 
begins on the date that ACF determines the title IV-E agency failed to 
comply with APD requirements in 45 CFR part 95 subpart F.
    In paragraph (b)(2), we specify that a suspension of CCWIS funding 
begins on the date that ACF determines the title IV-E agency failed to 
meet the requirements at Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable, Sec. Sec.  
1355.53, 1355.54, or 1355.56 and has not corrected the failed 
requirements according to the time frame in the approved APD.
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.
    In paragraphs (c) introductory text, (c)(1) and (2) we specify that 
the suspension of funding will remain in effect until the date that ACF 
determines, in accordance with Sec.  1355.58(c)(1), that the title IV-E 
agency complies with 45 CFR part 95, subpart F; or, in accordance with 
Sec.  1355.58(c)(2), until ACF approves the title IV-E agency's plan to 
change the application to meet the requirements at Sec.  1355.52 and, 
if applicable, Sec. Sec.  1355.53, 1355.54, or 1355.56.
    Comment: One commenter asked that we specify the corrective 
measures required to end a suspension and reinstate funding. The 
commenter asked if the title IV-E agency must submit a corrective 
action plan.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph as a result 
of the comment because the specific steps required of an agency will be 
determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the reasons for the 
suspension. In some cases it may include a corrective action plan per 
paragraph (c)(2).
    In paragraph (d), we specify that if ACF suspends an APD, or the 
title IV-E agency voluntarily ceases the design, development, 
installation, operation, or maintenance of an approved CCWIS, ACF may 
recoup all title IV-E funds claimed for the CCWIS project.
    Comment: One commenter recommended that we permit a state to 
reinvest any proposed financial penalties in enhancing its system when 
the state makes a strong business case showing the financial and social 
return of any already received funding and the impact the system has on 
statewide operations and services to children.
    Response: We are not making a change to this paragraph as a result 
of the comment because we are not proposing to issue financial 
penalties, rather to recoup IV-E funds approved for a CCWIS as 
specified. Further, it is not an efficient, economical, or effective 
use of federal funds to allow title IV-E agencies to claim FFP using 
the CCWIS cost allocation for projects that do not meet the APD or 
CCWIS requirements. This requirement is not new, rather it incorporates 
the S/TACWIS requirements at 45 CFR 1355.56(b)(4), with a modification 
to allow ACF to recoup all FFP approved for the CCWIS consistent with 
the October 28, 2010 (45 FR 66341) changes in the APD rules at Sec.  
95.635.

Reserved (Sec.  1355.59)

    We reserve Sec.  1355.59 for future regulations related to CCWIS.

Fiscal Requirements (Title IV-E) (Sec.  1356.60)

    In Sec.  1356.60, we made a conforming change to the title of Sec.  
1356.60(e) from ``Federal matching funds for SACWIS/TACWIS'' to 
``Federal matching funds for CCWIS and Non-CCWIS.'' We also made a 
technical revision to describe that federal matching funds are 
available at the rate of fifty percent (50%) and that the cost 
allocation of CCWIS and non-CCWIS project costs are at Sec.  1355.57 of 
this chapter. These changes clarify that while the same matching rate 
applies to CCWIS and non-CCWIS, the proposed cost allocation 
requirements at Sec.  1355.57 apply.
    We received no comments on this conforming change and made no 
changes.

Submission of Advance Planning Documents (Sec.  95.610)

    We made a conforming change to Sec.  95.610(b)(12) so that it 
conforms with our rule at Sec. Sec.  1355.50 through 1355.58. We also 
made a technical change to remove the references to Sec. Sec.  1355.54 
through 1355.57, which is a title IV-E rule, since statutory authority 
for enhanced funding for information systems supporting the title IV-E 
program expired in 1997. We also made a conforming change to Sec.  
95.610(b)(12) by adding the phrase ``or funding, for title IV-E 
agencies as contained at Sec.  1355.52(i)'' because our rule at Sec.  
1355.52(i) adds new requirements for CCWIS APDs.
    We received no comments on these conforming changes.

Disallowance of Federal Financial Participation (FFP) (Sec.  95.612)

    We made a conforming change to Sec.  95.612 which provides guidance 
on conditions that may lead to a disallowance of FFP for APDs for 
certain information systems. We replaced the phrase ``State Automated 
Child Welfare Information System'' with ``Comprehensive Child Welfare 
Information System (CCWIS) project and, if applicable the transitional 
project that preceded it.'' We also made a technical change to the 
identified CCWIS rule from ``Sec.  1355.56'' to ``Sec.  1355.58.''
    We received no comments on this paragraph and made no changes.

Increased FFP for Certain ADP Systems (Sec.  95.625)

    We made technical revisions to Sec.  95.625(a) and (b) to remove 
the references to title IV-E enhanced funding since statutory authority 
for enhanced funding for information systems supporting the title IV-E 
program expired at the end of Federal Fiscal Year 1997.

[[Page 35477]]

    We received no comments on these technical revisions and made no 
changes.

V. Impact Analyses

Executive Order 12866 and 13563

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, distributive impacts and equity). Executive 
order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting 
flexibility. This rule is consistent with these priorities and 
principles, and represents the best and most cost effective way to 
achieve the regulatory and program objectives of CB. This rule meets 
the criteria for a significant regulatory action under EO 12866 and has 
been reviewed by OMB.
    We determined that the costs to states and tribes as a result of 
this rule will not be significant. First, CCWIS is an optional system 
that states and tribes may implement; therefore, we have determined 
that the rule will not result in mandatory increased costs to states 
and tribes. Second, most if not all of the costs that states and tribes 
will incur will be eligible for FFP, depending on the cost category and 
each agency's approved cost allocation plan. States and tribes may be 
reimbursed 50 percent of allowable costs, applying the cost allocation 
rate authorized under section 474(a)(3)(C) and (D) of the Act, and 
section 474(c) of the Act, or at the 50 percent administrative rate 
authorized under section 474(a)(3)(E) of the Act.
    Costs will vary considerably depending upon a title IV-E agency's 
decision to either: (1) Build a new CCWIS; or (2) transition an 
existing system to meet CCWIS requirements. Furthermore, the cost of 
the system will be affected by the optional functions an agency elects 
to include in the CCWIS. As discussed in the NPRM, we estimate the 
average historical cost to design, develop, and implement a SACWIS as 
$65 million, and the cost to transition an operational system to a 
CCWIS will be $34 million.
    Costs. Several commenters felt the reasonable cost for the creation 
and development of a CCWIS was, based on their state's experience, 
significantly higher than the $65 million estimate provided in the NPRM 
and requested we revise the estimate. However, no commenters provided 
estimates to assist in calculating costs, therefore, no changes were 
made as a result of these comments. ACF maintains the estimate provided 
in the NPRM that uses the best available information, which is a $65 
million estimate representing an average of five recent SACWIS 
implementations for mid-to-large sized states. As we explained in the 
NPRM, we expect actual CCWIS costs to be lower than this S/TACWIS-based 
estimate because CCWIS has fewer functional requirements than SACWIS, 
and therefore title IV-E agencies may build a new CCWIS at a lower 
cost. Also, CCWIS requirements permit title IV-E agencies to use less 
expensive commercial-off-the-shelf software (COTS) as CCWIS modules, 
and the requirement to build CCWIS with reusable modules reduces 
overall costs as newer projects benefit from software modules shared by 
mature CCWIS projects. Finally, we anticipate lower tribal costs as 
most tribes serve smaller populations with fewer workers than states.
    Another commenter noted that costs would also be higher because 
states with existing systems will need either to start over or make 
extensive revisions to their existing systems to qualify for federal 
funding. However, we disagree that states will need to make extensive 
revisions to their existing systems to qualify for federal funding. As 
we noted in our response in section IV under Sec.  1355.56(b), a S/
TACWIS that is compliant with the S/TACWIS requirements may be able to 
achieve CCWIS compliance by developing the new bi-directional data 
exchanges required by Sec.  1355.52(e) and documenting data quality 
procedures in the data quality plan required by Sec.  1355.52(d)(5).
    Alternatives Considered: We considered alternatives to the approach 
described in this rule. As discussed in the NPRM, we determined that 
alternative approaches such as: (1) Leaving the current rules in place; 
or (2) providing even greater flexibility than what we proposed in the 
NPRM, would not adequately improve the administration of the programs 
under titles IV-B and IV-E of the Act and improve overall outcomes for 
the children and families served by title IV-E agencies. We received no 
comments on the alternatives we considered, and therefore made no 
changes in this rule.

Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

    The Secretary certifies, under 5 U.S.C. 605(b), as enacted by the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. 96-354), that this rule will not 
result in a significant impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. The primary impact of this rule is on state and tribal 
governments, which are not considered small entities under the Act.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (Public Law 104-4) requires 
agencies to prepare an assessment of anticipated costs and benefits 
before proposing any rule that may result in an annual expenditure by 
state, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for 
inflation). That threshold level is currently approximately $151 
million. CCWIS is an option for states and tribes, therefore the 
Department has determined that this rule does not impose any mandates 
on state, local, or tribal governments, or the private sector that will 
result in an annual expenditure of $151 million or more.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 35, as amended) 
(PRA), all Departments are required to submit to OMB for review and 
approval any reporting or recordkeeping requirements inherent in a 
proposed or rule. Collection of APD information for S/TACWIS projects 
is currently authorized under OMB number 0970-0417 and will be 
applicable to CCWIS projects. This rule does not make a substantial 
change to those APD information collection requirements; however, it 
contains new information collection activities, including submission of 
an automated function list, data quality plan and Notice of Intent if 
applicable, which are subject to review.
Burden Hour Estimate
    As a result of the new information collection activities in this 
rule, we estimated the reporting burden, over and above what title IV-E 
agencies already do for the APD information collection requirements, as 
follows: (1) 550 hours for the automated function list requirement; (2) 
2,200 hours for the first submission of the data quality plan; and (3) 
80 hours for the one-time Notice of Intent submission by states and 
tribes not submitting an APD. The following are estimates:

[[Page 35478]]



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            Number of
                                                               Number of    responses     Average       Total
                         Collection                           respondents      per       burden per     burden
                                                                            respondent    response      hours
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Automated Function List Sec.   1355.52(i)(1)(ii) and (iii)             55            1           10          550
 and (i)(2).................................................
Data Quality Plan Sec.   1355.52(d)(5) (first submission)...           55            1           40        2,200
Notice of Intent Sec.   1355.52.(i)(1) (one-time submission)           12            1            8           96
                                                                                                    ------------
    One-time Total..........................................  ...........  ...........  ...........        2,296
                                                                                                    ------------
    Annual Total............................................  ...........  ...........  ...........          550
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We considered comments by the public regarding the burden hour 
estimate for providing a list of automated functions, a data quality 
plan, and an APD or Notice of Intent associated with the requirements 
we propose in Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(ii) and (iii) and (i)(2)(i) and (ii). 
Many of the comments regarding burden hours are discussed in section IV 
of the preamble. As discussed there, we did not make changes to the 
burden hour estimate above as a result of public comments.
Total Burden Cost
    Based on the estimated burden hours, we developed an estimate of 
the associated cost for states and tribes to conduct these activities, 
as applicable. We made one change from the NPRM in this rule to double 
the mean hourly wage estimate for the job role of Management Analyst 
(13-111) from $43.26 to $86.52 ($43.26 x 2 = $86.52) in order to ensure 
we took into account overhead costs associated with labor costs. 
Therefore, the Data Quality Plan and Notice of Intent represent a one-
time cost of $198,649 (2,296 hours x $86.52 hourly cost = $198,649). We 
estimate that the average annual burden increase of 550 hours for the 
Automated Function List will cost $47,586 (550 hours x $86.52 hourly 
cost = $47,586). Dividing these costs by the number of estimated 
respondents, ACF estimated the average cost per title IV-E agency to be 
$2,965 one-time and $865 annually. Federal reimbursement under title 
IV-E will be available for a portion of the costs that title IV-E 
agencies will incur as a result of this rule, depending on each 
agency's cost allocation plan, information system, and other factors. 
The following are estimates:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Average
                                                    Hours       hourly labor     Total cost       Number of         Net average cost per respondent
                                                                    rate         nationwide      respondents
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total One-Time Burden Data Quality Plan and             2,296          $86.52        $198,650              67  $2,965 One-Time.
 Notice of Intent.
Total Annual Automated Function List.........             550          $86.52         $47,586              55  $865 Annually.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We considered comments by the public regarding the total burden 
cost estimate for providing a list of automated functions, a data 
quality plan, and an APD or Notice of Intent associated with the 
requirements we propose in Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(ii) and (iii) and 
(i)(2)(i) and (ii). Many of the comments regarding the cost of specific 
provisions are discussed in section IV of the preamble. However, in 
response to a commenter that estimated that the annual cost would be 
much higher than the $23,793 figure provided in the impact statement, 
we would like to clarify that $23,793 is the annual estimate for all of 
the 55 title IV-E agencies collectively to provide only their automated 
function list to ACF, per Sec.  1355.52(i)(1)(ii) and (iii) and (i)(2). 
As discussed both in section IV and below, we did not make changes to 
the burden hour estimate above as a result of public comments.

Congressional Review

    This rule is not a major rule as defined in the Congressional 
Review Act or CRA (5 U.S.C. Ch. 8). The CRA defines a major rule as one 
that has resulted in or is likely to result in: (1) An annual effect on 
the economy of $100 million or more; (2) a major increase in costs or 
prices for consumers, individual industries, federal, state, or local 
government agencies, or geographic regions; or (3) significant adverse 
effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, or 
innovation, or on the ability of United States-based enterprises to 
compete with foreign-based enterprises in domestic and export markets. 
HHS has determined that this final rule does not meet any of these 
criteria.

Assessment of the Impact on Family Well-Being

    Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations 
Act, 2000 (Public Law 106-58) requires federal agencies to determine 
whether a proposed policy or rule may affect family well-being. If the 
agency's determination is affirmative, then the agency must prepare an 
impact assessment addressing seven criteria specified in the law. This 
rule will not have an impact on family well-being as defined in the 
law.

Executive Order 13132

    Executive Order 13132, Federalism, prohibits an agency from 
publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule either 
imposes substantial direct compliance costs on state and local 
governments and is not required by statute, or the rule preempts state 
law, unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements 
of section 6 of the Executive Order. We did not receive any public 
comments.

Tribal Consultation Statement

    A full summary of the tribal consultation on child welfare 
automation, conducted on February 15 and 16, 2012 can be found at 
https://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/tribal-consultation-on-title-iv-e-information-systems-regulations.
    After publication of the NPRM, ACF held an information conference 
call for tribal stakeholders on August 27, 2015. We received no written 
comments from Indian tribes, tribal consortia or tribal organizations 
in response to the NPRM.

[[Page 35479]]

List of Subjects

45 CFR Part 95

    Automatic data processing equipment and services--conditions for 
federal financial participation (FFP).

45 CFR Part 1355

    Adoption and foster care, Child welfare, Data collection, 
Definitions grant programs--social programs.

45 CFR Part 1356

    Administrative costs, Adoption and foster care, Child welfare, 
Fiscal requirements (title IV-E), Grant programs--social programs, 
Statewide information systems.

    Dated: March 9, 2016.
Mark H. Greenberg,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Children and Families.
Approved: April 27, 2016.
Sylvia M. Burwell, Secretary.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, HHS and the Administration 
for Children and Families amend 45 CFR chapters I and XIII as follows:

PART 95--GENERAL ADMINISTRATION--GRANT PROGRAMS (PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, 
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AND STATE CHILDREN'S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMS)

0
1. The authority citation for part 95 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  5 U.S.C. 301, 42 U.S.C. 622(b), 629b(a), 652(d), 
654A, 671(a), 1302, and 1396a(a).

0
2. Amend Sec.  95.610 by revising paragraph (b)(12) to read as follows:


Sec.  95.610  Submission of advance planning documents.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (12) Additional requirements, for acquisitions for which the State 
is requesting enhanced funding, as contained at Sec.  307.15 and 42 CFR 
subchapter C, part 433 or funding for title IV-E agencies as contained 
at Sec.  1355.52(i) of this title.
* * * * *

0
3. Amend Sec.  95.612 by revising the last sentence to read as follows:


Sec.  95.612  Disallowance of Federal Financial Participation (FFP).

    * * * In the case of a suspension of the approval of an APD for a 
Comprehensive Child Welfare Information System (CCWIS) project and, if 
applicable the transitional project that preceded it, see Sec.  1355.58 
of this title.

0
4. Amend Sec.  95.625 by revising paragraph (a) and the last sentence 
of paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  95.625  Increased FFP for certain ADP systems.

    (a) General. FFP is available at enhanced matching rates for the 
development of individual or integrated systems and the associated 
computer equipment that support the administration of state plans for 
titles IV-D and/or XIX provided the systems meet the specifically 
applicable provisions referenced in paragraph (b) of the section.
    (b) * * * The applicable regulations for the title IV-D program are 
contained in 45 CFR part 307. The applicable regulations for the title 
XIX program are contained in 42 CFR part 433, subpart C.

CHAPTER XIII--ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, DEPARTMENT OF 
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

0
5. Under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1302(a), the heading for 45 CFR 
chapter XIII is revised to read as set forth above.

PART 1355--GENERAL

0
6. The authority citation for part 1355 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 620 et seq., 42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.; 42 
U.S.C. 1301 and 1302.


0
7. Revise Sec.  1355.50 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.50  Purpose.

    Sections 1355.50 through 1355.59 contain the requirements a title 
IV-E agency must meet to receive Federal financial participation 
authorized under sections 474(a)(3)(C) and (D), and 474(c) of the Act 
for the planning, design, development, installation, operation, and 
maintenance of a comprehensive child welfare information system.

0
8. Add Sec.  1355.51 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.51  Definitions applicable to Comprehensive Child Welfare 
Information Systems (CCWIS).

    (a) The following terms as they appear in Sec. Sec.  1355.50 
through 1355.59 are defined as follows--
    Approved activity means a project task that supports planning, 
designing, developing, installing, operating, or maintaining a CCWIS.
    Automated function means a computerized process or collection of 
related processes to achieve a purpose or goal.
    Child welfare contributing agency means a public or private entity 
that, by contract or agreement with the title IV-E agency, provides 
child abuse and neglect investigations, placement, or child welfare 
case management (or any combination of these) to children and families.
    Data exchange means the automated, electronic submission or receipt 
of information, or both, between two automated data processing systems.
    Data exchange standard means the common data definitions, data 
formats, data values, and other guidelines that the state's or tribe's 
automated data processing systems follow when exchanging data.
    New CCWIS project means a project to build an automated data 
processing system meeting all requirements in Sec.  1355.52 and all 
automated functions meet the requirements in Sec.  1355.53(a).
    Non-S/TACWIS project means an active automated data processing 
system or project that, prior to the effective date of these 
regulations, ACF had not classified as a S/TACWIS and for which:
    (i) ACF approved a development procurement; or
    (ii) The applicable state or tribal agency approved a development 
procurement below the thresholds of 45 CFR 95.611(a); or
    (iii) The operational automated data processing system provided the 
data for at least one AFCARS or NYTD file for submission to the federal 
system or systems designated by ACF to receive the report.
    Notice of intent means a record from the title IV-E agency, signed 
by the governor, tribal leader, or designated state or tribal official 
and provided to ACF declaring that the title IV-E agency plans to build 
a CCWIS project that is below the APD approval thresholds of 45 CFR 
95.611(a).
    S/TACWIS project means an active automated data processing system 
or project that, prior to the effective date of these regulations, ACF 
classified as a S/TACWIS and for which:
    (i) ACF approved a procurement to develop a S/TACWIS; or
    (ii) The applicable state or tribal agency approved a development 
procurement for a S/TACWIS below the thresholds of 45 CFR 95.611(a).
    Transition period means the 24 months after the effective date of 
these regulations.
    (b) Other terms as they appear in Sec. Sec.  1355.50 through 
1355.59 are defined in 45 CFR 95.605.

0
9. Revise Sec.  1355.52 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.52  CCWIS project requirements.

    (a) Efficient, economical, and effective requirement. The title IV-
E agency's CCWIS must support the efficient, economical, and effective 
administration of the title IV-B and IV-

[[Page 35480]]

E plans pursuant to section 474(a)(3)(C)(iv) of the Act by:
    (1) Improving program management and administration by maintaining 
all program data required by federal, state or tribal law or policy;
    (2) Appropriately applying information technology;
    (3) Not requiring duplicative application system development or 
software maintenance; and
    (4) Ensuring costs are reasonable, appropriate, and beneficial.
    (b) CCWIS data requirements. The title IV-E agency's CCWIS must 
maintain:
    (1) Title IV-B and title IV-E data that supports the efficient, 
effective, and economical administration of the programs including:
    (i) Data required for ongoing federal child welfare reports;
    (ii) Data required for title IV-E eligibility determinations, 
authorizations of services, and expenditures under IV-B and IV-E;
    (iii) Data to support federal child welfare laws, regulations, and 
policies; and
    (iv) Case management data to support federal audits, reviews, and 
other monitoring activities;
    (2) Data to support state or tribal child welfare laws, 
regulations, policies, practices, reporting requirements, audits, 
program evaluations, and reviews;
    (3) For states, data to support specific measures taken to comply 
with the requirements in section 422(b)(9) of the Act regarding the 
state's compliance with the Indian Child Welfare Act; and
    (4) For each state, data for the National Child Abuse and Neglect 
Data System.
    (c) Reporting requirements. The title IV-E agency's CCWIS must use 
the data described in paragraph (b) of this section to:
    (1) Generate, or contribute to, required title IV-B or IV-E federal 
reports according to applicable formatting and submission requirements; 
and
    (2) Generate, or contribute to, reports needed by state or tribal 
child welfare laws, regulations, policies, practices, reporting 
requirements, audits, and reviews that support programs and services 
described in title IV-B and title IV-E.
    (d) Data quality requirements. (1) The CCWIS data described in 
paragraph (b) of this section must:
    (i) Meet the most rigorous of the applicable federal, and state or 
tribal standards for completeness, timeliness, and accuracy;
    (ii) Be consistently and uniformly collected by CCWIS and, if 
applicable, child welfare contributing agency systems;
    (iii) Be exchanged and maintained in accordance with 
confidentiality requirements in section 471(a)(8) of the Act, and 45 
CFR 205.50, and 42 U.S.C. 5106a(b)(2)(B)(viii) through (x) of the Child 
Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, if applicable, and other applicable 
federal and state or tribal laws;
    (iv) Support child welfare policies, goals, and practices; and
    (v) Not be created by default or inappropriately assigned.
    (2) The title IV-E agency must implement and maintain automated 
functions in CCWIS to:
    (i) Regularly monitor CCWIS data quality;
    (ii) Alert staff to collect, update, correct, and enter CCWIS data;
    (iii) Send electronic requests to child welfare contributing agency 
systems to submit current and historical CCWIS data to the CCWIS;
    (iv) Prevent, to the extent practicable, the need to re-enter data 
already captured or exchanged with the CCWIS; and
    (v) Generate reports of continuing or unresolved CCWIS data quality 
problems.
    (3) The title IV-E agency must conduct biennial data quality 
reviews to:
    (i) Determine if the title IV-E agency and, if applicable, child 
welfare contributing agencies, meet the requirements of paragraphs (b), 
(d)(1), and (d)(2) of this section; and
    (ii) Confirm that the bi-directional data exchanges meet the 
requirements of paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section, and other 
applicable ACF regulations and policies.
    (4) The title IV-E agency must enhance CCWIS or the electronic bi-
directional data exchanges or both to correct any findings from reviews 
described at paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
    (5) The title IV-E agency must develop, implement, and maintain a 
CCWIS data quality plan in a manner prescribed by ACF and include it as 
part of Annual or Operational APDs submitted to ACF as required in 45 
CFR 95.610. The CCWIS data quality plan must:
    (i) Describe the comprehensive strategy to promote data quality 
including the steps to meet the requirements at paragraphs (d)(1) 
through (3) of this section; and
    (ii) Report the status of compliance with paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section.
    (e) Bi-directional data exchanges. (1) The CCWIS must support 
efficient, economical, and effective bi-directional data exchanges to 
exchange relevant data with:
    (i) Systems generating the financial payments and claims for titles 
IV-B and IV-E per paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, if applicable;
    (ii) Systems operated by child welfare contributing agencies that 
are collecting or using data described in paragraph (b) of this 
section, if applicable;
    (iii) Each system used to calculate one or more components of title 
IV-E eligibility determinations per paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this 
section, if applicable; and
    (iv) Each system external to CCWIS used by title IV-E agency staff 
to collect CCWIS data, if applicable.
    (2) To the extent practicable, the title IV-E agency's CCWIS must 
support one bi-directional data exchange to exchange relevant data, 
including data that may benefit IV-E agencies and data exchange 
partners in serving clients and improving outcomes, with each of the 
following state or tribal systems:
    (i) Child abuse and neglect system(s);
    (ii) System(s) operated under title IV-A of the Act;
    (iii) Systems operated under title XIX of the Act including:
    (A) Systems to determine Medicaid eligibility described in 42 CFR 
433.111(b)(2)(ii)(A); and
    (B) Medicaid Management Information Systems as defined at 42 CFR 
433.111(b)(2)(ii)(B);
    (iv) Systems operated under title IV-D of the Act;
    (v) Systems operated by the court(s) of competent jurisdiction over 
title IV-E foster care, adoption, and guardianship programs;
    (vi) Systems operated by the state or tribal education agency, or 
school districts, or both.
    (f) Data exchange standard requirements. The title IV-E agency must 
use a single data exchange standard that describes data, definitions, 
formats, and other specifications upon implementing a CCWIS:
    (1) For bi-directional data exchanges between CCWIS and each child 
welfare contributing agency; and
    (2) For data exchanges with systems described under paragraph 
(e)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (g) Automated eligibility determination requirements. (1) A state 
title IV-E agency must use the same automated function or the same 
group of automated functions for all title IV-E eligibility 
determinations.
    (2) A tribal title IV-E agency must, to the extent practicable, use 
the same automated function or the same group of automated functions 
for all title IV-E eligibility determinations.

[[Page 35481]]

    (h) Software provision requirement. The title IV-E agency must 
provide a copy of the agency-owned software that is designed, 
developed, or installed with FFP and associated documentation to the 
designated federal repository within the Department upon request.
    (i) Submission requirements. (1) Before claiming funding in 
accordance with a CCWIS cost allocation, a title IV-E agency must 
submit an APD or, if below the APD submission thresholds defined at 45 
CFR 95.611, a Notice of Intent that includes:
    (i) A description of how the CCWIS will meet the requirements in 
paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section and, if applicable Sec.  
1355.54;
    (ii) A list of all automated functions included in the CCWIS; and
    (iii) A notation of whether each automated function listed in 
paragraph (i)(1)(ii) of this section meets, or when implemented will 
meet, the following requirements:
    (A) The automated function supports at least one requirement of 
this section or, if applicable Sec.  1355.54;
    (B) The automated function is not duplicated within the CCWIS or 
systems supporting child welfare contributing agencies and is 
consistently used by all child welfare users responsible for the area 
supported by the automated function; and
    (C) The automated function complies with the CCWIS design 
requirements described under Sec.  1355.53(a), unless exempted in 
accordance with Sec.  1355.53(b).
    (2) Annual APD Updates and Operational APDs for CCWIS projects must 
include:
    (i) An updated list of all automated functions included in the 
CCWIS;
    (ii) A notation of whether each automated function listed in 
paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section meets the requirements of paragraph 
(i)(1)(iii)(B) of this section; and
    (iii) A description of changes to the scope or the design criteria 
described at Sec.  1355.53(a) for any automated function listed in 
paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section.
    (j) Other applicable requirements. Regulations at 45 CFR 95.613 
through 95.621 and 95.626 through 95.641 are applicable to all CCWIS 
projects below the APD submission thresholds at 45 CFR 95.611.

0
10. Revise Sec.  1355.53 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.53  CCWIS design requirements.

    (a) Except as exempted in paragraph (b) of this section, automated 
functions contained in a CCWIS must:
    (1) Follow a modular design that includes the separation of 
business rules from core programming;
    (2) Be documented using plain language;
    (3) Adhere to a state, tribal, or industry defined standard that 
promotes efficient, economical, and effective development of automated 
functions and produces reliable systems; and
    (4) Be capable of being shared, leveraged, and reused as a separate 
component within and among states and tribes.
    (b) CCWIS automated functions may be exempt from one or more of the 
requirements in paragraph (a) of this section if:
    (1) The CCWIS project meets the requirements of Sec.  1355.56(b) or 
(f)(1); or
    (2) ACF approves, on a case-by-case basis, an alternative design 
proposed by a title IV-E agency that is determined by ACF to be more 
efficient, economical, and effective than what is found in paragraph 
(a) of this section.
0
11. Revise Sec.  1355.54 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.54  CCWIS options.

    If a project meets, or when completed will meet, the requirements 
of Sec.  1355.52, then ACF may approve CCWIS funding described at Sec.  
1355.57 for other ACF-approved data exchanges or automated functions 
that are necessary to achieve title IV-E or IV-B programs goals.

0
12. Revise Sec.  1355.55 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.55  Review and assessment of CCWIS projects.

    ACF will review, assess, and inspect the planning, design, 
development, installation, operation, and maintenance of each CCWIS 
project on a continuing basis, in accordance with APD requirements in 
45 CFR part 95, subpart F, to determine the extent to which the project 
meets the requirements in Sec. Sec.  1355.52, 1355.53, 1355.56, and, if 
applicable, Sec.  1355.54.

0
13. Revise Sec.  1355.56 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.56  Requirements for S/TACWIS and non-S/TACWIS projects 
during and after the transition period.

    (a) During the transition period a title IV-E agency with a S/
TACWIS project may continue to claim title IV-E funding according to 
the cost allocation methodology approved by ACF for development or the 
operational cost allocation plan approved by the Department, or both.
    (b) A S/TACWIS project must meet the submission requirements of 
Sec.  1355.52(i)(1) during the transition period to qualify for the 
CCWIS cost allocation methodology described in Sec.  1355.57(a) after 
the transition period.
    (c) A title IV-E agency with a S/TACWIS may request approval to 
initiate a new CCWIS and qualify for the CCWIS cost allocation 
methodology described in Sec.  1355.57(b) by meeting the submission 
requirements of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1).
    (d) A title IV-E agency that elects not to transition a S/TACWIS 
project to a CCWIS project must:
    (1) Notify ACF in an APD or Notice of Intent submitted during the 
transition period of this election; and
    (2) Continue to use the S/TACWIS through its life expectancy in 
accordance with 45 CFR 95.619.
    (e) A title IV-E agency that elects not to transition its S/TACWIS 
project to a CCWIS and fails to meet the requirements of paragraph (d) 
of this section is subject to funding recoupment described under Sec.  
1355.58(d).
    (f) A title IV-E agency with a non-S/TACWIS (as defined in Sec.  
1355.51) that elects to build a CCWIS or transition to a CCWIS must 
meet the submission requirements of Sec.  1355.52(i)(1):
    (1) During the transition period to qualify for a CCWIS cost 
allocation as described at Sec.  1355.57(a); or
    (2) At any time to request approval to initiate a new CCWIS and 
qualify for a CCWIS cost allocation as described at Sec.  1355.57(b).

0
14. Revise Sec.  1355.57 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.57  Cost allocation for CCWIS projects.

    (a) CCWIS cost allocation for projects transitioning to CCWIS. (1) 
All automated functions developed after the transition period for 
projects meeting the requirements of Sec.  1355.56(b) or Sec.  
1355.56(f)(1) must meet the CCWIS design requirements described under 
Sec.  1355.53(a), unless exempted by Sec.  1355.53(b)(2).
    (2) The Department may approve the applicable CCWIS cost allocation 
for an automated function of a project transitioning to a CCWIS if the 
automated function:
    (i) Supports programs authorized under titles IV-B or IV-E, and at 
least one requirement of Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable Sec.  1355.54; 
and
    (ii) Is not duplicated within the CCWIS or systems supporting child 
welfare contributing agencies and is consistently used by all child 
welfare users responsible for the area supported by the automated 
function.
    (b) CCWIS cost allocation for new CCWIS projects. (1) Unless 
exempted in

[[Page 35482]]

accordance with Sec.  1355.53(b)(2), all automated functions of a new 
CCWIS project must meet the CCWIS design requirements described under 
Sec.  1355.53(a).
    (2) An automated function of a CCWIS project described in paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section may qualify for a CCWIS cost allocation if the 
automated function:
    (i) Supports programs authorized under titles IV-B or IV-E, and at 
least one requirement of Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable Sec.  1355.54; 
and
    (ii) Is not duplicated within the CCWIS or systems supporting child 
welfare contributing agencies and is consistently used by all child 
welfare users responsible for the area supported by the automated 
function.
    (c) CCWIS cost allocation for approved activities. The Department 
may approve a CCWIS cost allocation for an approved activity for a 
CCWIS project meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this 
section.
    (d) Project cost allocation. A title IV-E agency must allocate 
project costs in accordance with applicable HHS regulations and other 
guidance.
    (e) CCWIS cost allocation. (1) A title IV-E agency may allocate 
CCWIS development and operational costs to title IV-E for the share of 
approved activities and automated functions that:
    (i) Are approved by the Department;
    (ii) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this 
section; and
    (iii) Benefit federal, state or tribal funded participants in 
programs and allowable activities described in title IV-E of the Act to 
the title IV-E program.
    (2) A title IV-E agency may also allocate CCWIS development costs 
to title IV-E for the share of system approved activities and automated 
functions that meet requirements (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section 
and:
    (i) Benefit title IV-B programs; or
    (ii) Benefit both title IV-E and child welfare related programs.
    (f) Non-CCWIS cost allocation. Title IV-E costs not previously 
described in this section may be charged to title IV-E in accordance 
with Sec.  1356.60(d) .

0
15. Add Sec.  1355.58 to read as follows:


Sec.  1355.58  Failure to meet the conditions of the approved APD.

    (a) In accordance with 45 CFR 75.371 through 75.375 and 45 CFR 
95.635, ACF may suspend title IV-B and title IV-E funding approved in 
the APD for a CCWIS if ACF determines that the title IV-E agency fails 
to comply with APD requirements in 45 CFR part 95, subpart F, or meet 
the requirements at Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable, Sec.  1355.53, 
Sec.  1355.54, or Sec.  1355.56.
    (b) Suspension of CCWIS funding begins on the date that ACF 
determines the title IV-E agency failed to:
    (1) Comply with APD requirements in 45 CFR part 95, subpart F; or
    (2) Meet the requirements at Sec.  1355.52 or, if applicable, Sec.  
1355.53, Sec.  1355.54, or Sec.  1355.56 and has not corrected the 
failed requirements according to the time frame in the approved APD.
    (c) The suspension will remain in effect until the date that ACF:
    (1) Determines that the title IV-E agency complies with 45 CFR part 
95, subpart F; or
    (2) Approves a plan to change the application to meet the 
requirements at Sec.  1355.52 and, if applicable, Sec.  1355.53, Sec.  
1355.54, or Sec.  1355.56.
    (d) If ACF suspends an APD, or the title IV-E agency voluntarily 
ceases the design, development, installation, operation, or maintenance 
of an approved CCWIS, ACF may recoup all title IV-E funds claimed for 
the CCWIS project.

0
16. Add reserved Sec.  1355.59.


Sec.  1355.59  [Reserved]

PART 1356--REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO TITLE IV-E

0
17. The authority citation for part 1356 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 620 et seq., 42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.; 42 
U.S.C. 1302.

0
18. Amend Sec.  1356.60 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  1356.60  Fiscal requirements (title IV-E).

* * * * *
    (e) Federal matching funds for CCWIS and Non-CCWIS. Federal 
matching funds are available at the rate of fifty percent (50%). 
Requirements for the cost allocation of CCWIS and non-CCWIS project 
costs are at Sec.  1355.57 of this chapter.

[FR Doc. 2016-12509 Filed 5-26-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4150-28-P