Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium Salts With Sepiolite; and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium Salts With Saponite; Exemptions From the Requirement of a Tolerance, 31172-31177 [2016-11743]
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31172
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 96 / Wednesday, May 18, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
In accordance with 33 CFR 117.35(e),
the drawbridge must return to its regular
operating schedule immediately at the
end of the effective period of this
temporary deviation. This deviation
from the operating regulations is
authorized under 33 CFR 117.35.
Dated: May 13, 2016,
C.J. Bisignano,
Supervisory Bridge Management Specialist,
First Coast Guard District.
[FR Doc. 2016–11713 Filed 5–17–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110–04–P
40 CFR Part 180
[EPA–HQ–OPP–2015–0018, EPA–HQ–OPP–
2015–0020; FRL–9945–76]
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds,
Benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium Salts With
Sepiolite; and Quaternary Ammonium
Compounds, Benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium Salts
With Saponite; Exemptions From the
Requirement of a Tolerance
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
AGENCY:
This regulation establishes an
exemption from the requirement of a
tolerance for residues of quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. 1574487–61–8)
when used as an inert ingredient
(suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops at a concentration not to
exceed 2.0% by weight in the
formulation, asbestos free and
containing less than 1% crystalline
silica. This regulation also establishes
an exemption from the requirement of a
tolerance for residues of quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523–05–0)
when used as an inert ingredient
(suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops at a concentration not to
exceed 1.0% by weight in the
formulation. Technology Sciences
Group on behalf of BYK Additives Inc.
submitted petitions to EPA under the
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This regulation is effective May
18, 2016. Objections and requests for
hearings must be received on or before
July 18, 2016, and must be filed in
accordance with the instructions
provided in 40 CFR part 178 (see also
Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION).
DATES:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
SUMMARY:
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(FFDCA), requesting establishment of an
exemption from the requirement of a
tolerance. This regulation eliminates the
need to establish a maximum
permissible level for residues of
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite.
The dockets for these
actions, identified by docket
identification (ID) number EPA–HQ–
OPP–2015–0018, EPA–HQ–OPP–2015–
0020 are available at https://
www.regulations.gov or at the Office of
Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public
Docket (OPP Docket) in the
Environmental Protection Agency
Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William
Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301
Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC
20460–0001. The Public Reading Room
is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, excluding legal
holidays. The telephone number for the
Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744,
and the telephone number for the OPP
Docket is (703) 305–5805. Please review
the visitor instructions and additional
information about the docket available
at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
ADDRESSES:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Susan Lewis, Registration Division
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington,
DC 20460–0001; main telephone
number: (703) 305–7090; email address:
RDFRNotices@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
You may be potentially affected by
this action if you are an agricultural
producer, food manufacturer, or
pesticide manufacturer. The following
list of North American Industrial
Classification System (NAICS) codes is
not intended to be exhaustive, but rather
provides a guide to help readers
determine whether this document
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applies to them. Potentially affected
entities may include:
• Crop production (NAICS code 111).
• Animal production (NAICS code
112).
• Food manufacturing (NAICS code
311).
• Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS
code 32532).
B. How can I get electronic access to
other related information?
You may access a frequently updated
electronic version of 40 CFR part 180
through the Government Printing
Office’s e-CFR site at https://
www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/textidx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/
40tab_02.tpl. To access the OCSPP test
guidelines referenced in this document
electronically, please go to https://
www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ‘‘Test
Methods and Guidelines.’’
C. How can I file an objection or hearing
request?
Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21
U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an
objection to any aspect of this regulation
and may also request a hearing on those
objections. You must file your objection
or request a hearing on this regulation
in accordance with the instructions
provided in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure
proper receipt by EPA, you must
identify docket ID number EPA–HQ–
OPP–2015–0018 (CAS Reg. No.
1574487–61–8), EPA–HQ–OPP–2015–
0020 (CAS Reg. No. 1588523–05–0) in
the subject line on the first page of your
submission. All objections and requests
for a hearing must be in writing, and
must be received by the Hearing Clerk
on or before July 18, 2016. Addresses for
mail and hand delivery of objections
and hearing requests are provided in 40
CFR 178.25(b).
In addition to filing an objection or
hearing request with the Hearing Clerk
as described in 40 CFR part 178, please
submit a copy of the filing (excluding
any Confidential Business Information
(CBI)) for inclusion in the public docket.
Information not marked confidential
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be
disclosed publicly by EPA without prior
notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your
objection or hearing request, identified
by docket ID number EPA–HQ–OPP–
2015–0018, EPA–HQ–OPP–2015–0020
by one of the following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
Do not submit electronically any
information you consider to be CBI or
other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute.
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• Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental
Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/
DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave.
NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001.
• Hand Delivery: To make special
arrangements for hand delivery or
delivery of boxed information, please
follow the instructions at https://
www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
Additional instructions on
commenting or visiting the docket,
along with more information about
dockets generally, is available at https://
www.epa.gov/dockets.
sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with RULES
II. Petition for Exemption
In the Federal Register of April 6,
2015 (80 FR 18327) (FRL–9924–00),
EPA issued a document pursuant to
FFDCA section 408, 21 U.S.C. 346a,
announcing the filing of pesticide
petitions (PP IN–10780) and (PP IN–
10781) by Technology Sciences Group
on behalf of BYK Additives Inc., 1600
West Hill Street, Louisville, KY 40210.
The petitions requested that 40 CFR
180.920 be amended by establishing an
exemption from the requirement of a
tolerance for residues of quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. 1574487–61–8)
when used as an inert ingredient
suspending or structuring agent in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops with a limitation of 2.0%
in formulation, asbestos free and
containing less than 1% crystalline
silica; and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523–
05–0) when used as an inert ingredient
suspending or structuring agent in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops with a limitation of 1.0%
in formulation.
That document referenced a summary
of the petitions prepared by Technology
Science Group, the petitioner, which is
available in the docket, https://
www.regulations.gov. There were no
comments received in response to the
notices of filing.
III. Inert Ingredient Definition
Inert ingredients are all ingredients
that are not active ingredients as defined
in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are
not limited to, the following types of
ingredients (except when they have a
pesticidal efficacy of their own):
Solvents such as alcohols and
hydrocarbons; surfactants such as
polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty
acids; carriers such as clay and
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diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as
carrageenan and modified cellulose;
wetting, spreading, and dispersing
agents; propellants in aerosol
dispensers; microencapsulating agents;
and emulsifiers. The term ‘‘inert’’ is not
intended to imply nontoxicity; the
ingredient may or may not be
chemically active. Generally, EPA has
exempted inert ingredients from the
requirement of a tolerance based on the
low toxicity of the individual inert
ingredients.
IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and
Determination of Safety
Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA
allows EPA to establish an exemption
from the requirement for a tolerance (the
legal limit for a pesticide chemical
residue in or on a food) only if EPA
determines that the tolerance is ‘‘safe.’’
Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA
defines ‘‘safe’’ to mean that ‘‘there is a
reasonable certainty that no harm will
result from aggregate exposure to the
pesticide chemical residue, including
all anticipated dietary exposures and all
other exposures for which there is
reliable information.’’ This includes
exposure through drinking water and in
residential settings, but does not include
occupational exposure. Section
408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to
give special consideration to exposure
of infants and children to the pesticide
chemical residue in establishing a
tolerance and to ‘‘ensure that there is a
reasonable certainty that no harm will
result to infants and children from
aggregate exposure to the pesticide
chemical residue. . . .’’
EPA establishes exemptions from the
requirement of a tolerance only in those
cases where it can be clearly
demonstrated that the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide
chemical residues under reasonably
foreseeable circumstances will pose no
appreciable risks to human health. In
order to determine the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide inert
ingredients, the Agency considers the
toxicity of the inert in conjunction with
possible exposure to residues of the
inert ingredient through food, drinking
water, and through other exposures that
occur as a result of pesticide use in
residential settings. If EPA is able to
determine that a finite tolerance is not
necessary to ensure that there is a
reasonable certainty that no harm will
result from aggregate exposure to the
inert ingredient, an exemption from the
requirement of a tolerance may be
established.
Consistent with FFDCA section
408(c)(2)(A), and the factors specified in
FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has
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reviewed the available scientific data
and other relevant information in
support of this action. EPA has
sufficient data to assess the hazards of
and to make a determination on
aggregate exposure for quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite, and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite including exposure
resulting from the exemption
established by this action. EPA’s
assessment of exposures and risks
associated with quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite and with quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite follows.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available
toxicity data and considered their
validity, completeness, and reliability as
well as the relationship of the results of
the studies to human risk. EPA has also
considered available information
concerning the variability of the
sensitivities of major identifiable
subgroups of consumers, including
infants and children.
Specific information on the studies
received and the nature of the adverse
effects caused by both quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite as well as
the no-observed-adverse-effect-level
(NOAEL) and the lowest-observedadverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the
toxicity studies are discussed in this
unit.
Based on data in structurally similar
quaternary ammonium clay substances,
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite have low
acute toxicity via the oral, dermal and
inhalation routes in rats. The substances
are expected to be a slight skin and eye
irritant. A structurally similar
quaternary ammonium clay substance
did not cause skin sensitization in
guinea pigs.
Multiple 28-day repeat-dose studies
consistently showed high No Observed
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Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs),
typically the highest dose tested, which
was 1,000 milligrams/kilogram/day (mg/
kg/day) in rats. There was an absence of
test substance-related toxicologically
significant effects at any of the doses
administered, including for neurological
and immunological endpoints.
Similarly, there were no effects on
reproductive or developmental
endpoints and no evidence for
genotoxicity in multiple in vitro and in
vivo assays (OECD 471, 474 and 476 on
multiple quaternary ammonium
compounds).
Clays treated with quaternary
ammonium compounds have low water
solubility, a high hydrophobic partition
coefficient and relatively high molecular
weight. All three factors indicate likely
limited absorption following ingestion,
dermal exposure or inhalation. Based on
similarities to other quaternary
ammonium clays (high molecular
weights, low water solubility, high
hydrophobicity), both
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite would also
be almost completely eliminated from
the body shortly after oral dosing.
Therefore, the biological availability is
expected to be low.
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B. Toxicological Points of Departure/
Levels of Concern
1. The available toxicity studies
indicate that both quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite have very
low overall toxicity. The NOAELs were
>1,000 mg/kg/day (limit dose). Since
signs of toxicity were not observed at
the limit dose an endpoint of concern
for risk assessment purposes were not
identified. Therefore, since no endpoint
of concern was identified for the acute
and chronic dietary exposure
assessment and short and intermediate
dermal and inhalation exposure,
quantitative risk assessments for both
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite are not
necessary.
C. Exposure Assessment
1. Dietary exposure from food and
feed uses. In evaluating dietary
exposure to both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
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with sepiolite and with saponite, EPA
considered exposure under the
proposed exemption from the
requirement of a tolerance. EPA
assessed dietary exposures from both
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite in food as
follows:
Under this exemption from the
requirement of a tolerance, residues of
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite may be
found on foods from crops that were
treated with pesticide formulations
containing both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite and with saponite.
However, quantitative dietary exposure
assessments were not conducted since
endpoints for risk assessment were not
identified.
2. Dietary exposure from drinking
water. Since hazard endpoints of
concern were not identified for the
acute and chronic dietary assessments,
quantitative dietary exposure risk
assessments for drinking water were not
conducted, although exposures may be
expected from use on food crops.
3. From non-dietary exposure. The
term ‘‘residential exposure’’ is used in
this document to refer to nonoccupational, non-dietary exposure
(e.g., textiles (clothing and diapers),
carpets, swimming pools, and hard
surface disinfection on walls, floors,
tables). Both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite and with saponite may be
used in pesticide products and nonpesticide products that may be used
around the home. Based on the
discussion in Unit IV.B., quantitative
residential exposure assessments for
both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite and with saponite was
not conducted.
4. Cumulative effects from substances
with a common mechanism of toxicity.
Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA
requires that, when considering whether
to establish, modify, or revoke a
tolerance, the Agency consider
‘‘available information’’ concerning the
cumulative effects of a particular
pesticide’s residues and ‘‘other
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substances that have a common
mechanism of toxicity.’’ EPA has not
found either quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite or with saponite to share
a common mechanism of toxicity with
any other substances, and both
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite do not
appear to produce a toxic metabolite
produced by other substances. For the
purposes of this tolerance action,
therefore, EPA has assumed that both
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite do not have
a common mechanism of toxicity with
other substances. For information
regarding EPA’s efforts to determine
which chemicals have a common
mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate
the cumulative effects of such
chemicals, see EPA’s Web site at https://
www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.
D. Safety Factor for Infants and
Children
As part of its qualitative assessment,
the Agency did not use safety factors for
assessing risk, and no additional safety
factor is needed for assessing risk to
infants and children. Based on the lack
of toxicity of ammonium acetate in the
available studies and its chemical
properties, EPA has concluded that
there are no toxicological endpoints of
concern for the U.S. population,
including infants and children.
E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of
Safety
Taking into consideration all available
information both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring
agent) with a limitation of 2.0% in
formulation, asbestos free and
containing less than 1% crystalline
silica and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring
agent) with a limitation of 1.0% in
formulation, EPA has determined that
there is a reasonable certainty that no
harm to any population subgroup will
result from aggregate exposure to both
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quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite under
reasonable foreseeable circumstances.
Therefore, the establishment of an
exemption from tolerance under 40 CFR
180.920 for residues of both quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite when used as an inert
ingredient in pesticide formulations
applied to growing crops with a
limitation of 2.0% in formulation,
asbestos free and containing less than
1% crystalline silica and quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring
agent) with a limitation of 1.0% in
formulation, is safe under FFDCA
section 408.
1. Acute risk. An acute aggregate risk
assessment takes into account acute
exposure estimates from dietary
consumption of food and drinking
water. No adverse effect resulting from
a single oral exposure was identified
and no acute dietary endpoint was
selected. Therefore, both quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite are not
expected to pose an acute risk.
2. Chronic risk. A chronic aggregate
risk assessment takes into account
subchronic and chronic exposure
estimates from dietary consumption of
food and drinking water. No adverse
effect resulting from a subchronic or
chronic oral exposure were identified
and no chronic dietary endpoints were
selected. Therefore, quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl) dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite is not expected to pose a
chronic risk.
3. Short-term risk. Short-term
aggregate exposure takes into account
short-term residential exposure plus
chronic exposure to food and water
(considered to be a background
exposure level). Because no short-term
adverse effect was identified, both
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
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sepiolite and with saponite were not
expected to pose short-term risks.
4. Intermediate-term risk.
Intermediate-term aggregate exposure
takes into account intermediate-term
residential exposure plus chronic
exposure to food and water (considered
to be a background exposure level).
Because no intermediate-term adverse
effect was identified, both quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite were not
expected to pose intermediate-term
risks.
5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S.
population. As discussed in Unit IV.A.,
EPA does not expect either quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite or with saponite to pose a
cancer risk to humans.
6. Determination of safety. Based on
these risk assessments, EPA concludes
that there is a reasonable certainty that
no harm will result to the general
population, or to infants and children
from aggregate exposure to either
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite or with saponite residues.
V. Other Considerations
A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology
Although EPA is establishing a
limitation on the amount of quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite; and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite that may be used in
pesticide formulations, an analytical
enforcement methodology is not
necessary for this exemption from the
requirement of tolerance. The limitation
will be enforced through the pesticide
registration process under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. EPA
will not register any pesticide for sale or
distribution for use on growing crops
with concentrations of quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite exceeding 2.0% by weight of
the formulation, asbestos free and
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31175
containing less than 1% crystalline
silica; and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite exceeding 1.0% by weight
of the formulation.
B. International Residue Limits
In making its tolerance decisions, EPA
seeks to harmonize U.S. tolerances with
international standards whenever
possible, consistent with U.S. food
safety standards and agricultural
practices. EPA considers the
international maximum residue limits
(MRLs) established by the Codex
Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as
required by FFDCA section 408(b)(4).
The Codex Alimentarius is a joint
United Nation Food and Agriculture
Organization/World Health
Organization food standards program,
and it is recognized as an international
food safety standards-setting
organization in trade agreements to
which the United States is a party. EPA
may establish a tolerance that is
different from a Codex MRL; however,
FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that
EPA explain the reasons for departing
from the Codex level.
The Codex has not established a MRL
for quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite, and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite.
VI. Conclusions
Therefore, exemptions from the
requirement of a tolerance are
established under 40 CFR 180. 920 for
quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. 1574487–61–8)
when used as an inert ingredient
(suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops with a limitation of 2.0%
in formulation, asbestos free and
containing less than 1% crystalline
silica; and for quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523–
05–0) when used as an inert ingredient
(suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops with a limitation of 1.0%
in formulation.
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 96 / Wednesday, May 18, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
VII. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
This action establishes a tolerance
under FFDCA section 408(d) in
response to a petition submitted to the
Agency. The Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) has exempted these types
of actions from review under Executive
Order 12866, entitled ‘‘Regulatory
Planning and Review’’ (58 FR 51735,
October 4, 1993). Because this action
has been exempted from review under
Executive Order 12866, this action is
not subject to Executive Order 13211,
entitled ‘‘Actions Concerning
Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use’’ (66
FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive
Order 13045, entitled ‘‘Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997). This action does not
contain any information collections
subject to OMB approval under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require
any special considerations under
Executive Order 12898, entitled
‘‘Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority
Populations and Low-Income
Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16,
1994).
Since tolerances and exemptions that
are established on the basis of a petition
under FFDCA section 408(d), such as
the tolerance in this final rule, do not
require the issuance of a proposed rule,
the requirements of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq.), do not apply.
This action directly regulates growers,
food processors, food handlers, and food
retailers, not States or tribes, nor does
this action alter the relationships or
distribution of power and
responsibilities established by Congress
in the preemption provisions of FFDCA
section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency
has determined that this action will not
have a substantial direct effect on States
or tribal governments, on the
relationship between the national
government and the States or tribal
governments, or on the distribution of
power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government or between
the Federal Government and Indian
tribes. Thus, the Agency has determined
that Executive Order 13132, entitled
‘‘Federalism’’ (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999) and Executive Order 13175,
entitled ‘‘Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments’’ (65 FR
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply
to this action. In addition, this action
does not impose any enforceable duty or
contain any unfunded mandate as
described under Title II of the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) (2 U.S.C.
1501 et seq.).
This action does not involve any
technical standards that would require
Agency consideration of voluntary
consensus standards pursuant to section
12(d) of the National Technology
Transfer and Advancement Act
(NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).
VIII. Congressional Review Act
Pursuant to the Congressional Review
Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), EPA will
submit a report containing this rule and
other required information to the U.S.
Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller
General of the United States prior to
publication of the rule in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ‘‘major
rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection,
Administrative practice and procedure,
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides
and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: May 10, 2016.
G. Jeffery Herndon,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office
of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is
amended as follows:
PART 180—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 180
continues to read as follows:
■
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
2. In § 180.920, add alphabetically the
inert ingredients ‘‘Quaternary
ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite’’ and ‘‘Quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts
with sepiolite’’ to the table to read as
follows:
■
§ 180.920 Inert ingredients used preharvest; exemptions from the requirement
of a tolerance.
*
*
*
*
*
Inert ingredients
Limits
*
*
*
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite (CAS Reg. No.
1588523–05–0).
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite (CAS Reg. No.
1574487–61–8).
*
*
Not to exceed 1.0% by weight of pesticide formulation.
*
*
Suspending or structuring agent.
Not to exceed 2.0% by weight of pesticide formulation, asbestos free
and containing less than 1% crystalline silica.
Suspending or structuring agent.
*
*
*
*
Uses
*
*
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 96 / Wednesday, May 18, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone
number: (202) 564–5218; email address:
odend’hal.julianne@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
48 CFR Parts 1503 and 1552
[EPA–HQ–OARM–2015–0662; FRL 9943–61–
OARM]
Environmental Protection Agency
Acquisition Regulation; Improper
Business Practices and Personal
Conflicts of Interest, Solicitation
Provisions and Contract Clauses
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Direct final rule.
AGENCY:
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is issuing a final rule to
make administrative changes to the
Environmental Protection Agency
Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR). EPA
does not anticipate any adverse
comments.
SUMMARY:
This rule is effective on July 18,
2016 without further action, unless EPA
receives adverse comment by June 17,
2016. If EPA receives adverse comment,
a timely withdrawal will be published
in the Federal Register informing the
public that the rule will not take effect.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–
OARM–2015–0662, at https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
Once submitted, comments cannot be
edited or removed from Regulations.gov.
The EPA may publish any comment
received to its public docket. Do not
submit electronically any information
you consider to be Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be
accompanied by a written comment.
The written comment is considered the
official comment and should include
discussion of all points you wish to
make. The EPA will generally not
consider comments or comment
contents located outside of the primary
submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or
other file sharing system). For
additional submission methods, the full
EPA public comment policy,
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on
making effective comments, please visit
https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Julianne Odend’hal, Policy, Training,
and Oversight Division, Acquisition
Policy and Training Service Center
(3802R), Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue
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I. Why is EPA using a direct final rule?
EPA is publishing this rule without a
prior proposed rule because EPA views
this as a noncontroversial action and
anticipates no adverse comment.
EPAAR parts 1503 and 1552 are
amended to conform to the format of the
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
and to correct, clarify and update
information. If EPA receives adverse
comment, a timely withdrawal will be
published in the Federal Register
informing the public that the rule will
not take effect. Any parties interested in
commenting must do so at this time.
II. Does this action apply to me?
The EPAAR applies to contractors
who have a contract with the EPA.
III. What should I consider as I prepare
my comments for EPA?
A. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this
information to EPA through https://
www.regulations.gov or email. Clearly
mark the part or all of the information
that you claim to be CBI. For CBI
information in a disk or CD–ROM that
you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the
disk or CD–ROM as CBI, and then
identify electronically within the disk or
CD–ROM the specific information that
is claimed as CBI. In addition to one
complete version of the comment that
includes information claimed as CBI, a
copy of the comment that does not
contain the information claimed as CBI
must be submitted for inclusion in the
public docket. Information so marked
will not be disclosed except in
accordance with procedures set forth in
40 CFR part 2.
B. Tips for Preparing Your Comments.
When submitting comments, remember
to:
• Identify the rulemaking by docket
number and other identifying
information (subject heading, Federal
Register date and page number).
• Follow directions—The agency may
ask you to respond to specific questions
or organize comments by referencing a
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part
or section number.
• Explain why you agree or disagree,
suggest alternatives, and substitute
language for your requested changes.
• Describe any assumptions and
provide any technical information and/
or data that you used.
• If you estimate potential costs or
burdens, explain how you arrived at
your estimate in sufficient detail to
allow for it to be reproduced.
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• Provide specific examples to
illustrate your concerns, and suggest
alternatives.
• Explain your views as clearly as
possible, avoiding the use of profanity
or personal threats.
• Make sure to submit your
comments by the comment period
deadline identified.
IV. Background
EPAAR parts 1503 and 1552 are
amended to conform to the format of the
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)
and to correct, clarify and update
information.
V. Final Rule
This direct final rule makes the
following changes: (1) Updates the title
and clarifies the information in section
1503.101–370 including correcting
statute citations; (2) corrects section
number ‘‘1503.104–5’’ to read
‘‘1503.104–4’’ and corrects the reference
to ‘‘FAR 3.104–5’’ to read ‘‘FAR 3.104–
4’’; (3) removes section 1503.408,
Evaluation of the SF 119, because the
form no longer exists; (4) updates the
subpart number and title of ‘‘1503.5’’
including ‘‘1503.500–70’’, ‘‘1503.500–
71’’ and ‘‘1503.500–72’’ to read
‘‘1503.10 Contractor Code of Business
Ethics and Conduct’’, ‘‘1503.1002
Policy’’, ‘‘1503.1003 Requirements’’,
and ‘‘1503.1004 Contract clause’’ to
conform to the FAR, updates the
reference to ‘‘EPAAR 1503.500–71(b)’’
to read ‘‘EPAAR 1503.1003(b)’’; (5)
replaces the term ‘‘regular employee’’
with ‘‘employee’’ which is defined at 5
U.S.C. 2505, and replaces the term
‘‘special employee’’ with ‘‘special
government employee’’ which is
defined at 18 U.S.C. 202 in sections
1503.600–71, 1503.601, and 1552.203–
70; and (6) updates the EPA OIG contact
information in section 1552.203–71.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order
Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant
regulatory action and was therefore not
submitted to the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) for review.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not impose an
information collection burden under the
PRA because it does not contain any
information collection activities.
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 96 (Wednesday, May 18, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 31172-31177]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-11743]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0018, EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0020; FRL-9945-76]
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium Salts With
Sepiolite; and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
Salts With Saponite; Exemptions From the Requirement of a Tolerance
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This regulation establishes an exemption from the requirement
of a tolerance for residues of quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. 1574487-61-8)
when used as an inert ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops at a concentration not
to exceed 2.0% by weight in the formulation, asbestos free and
containing less than 1% crystalline silica. This regulation also
establishes an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for
residues of quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
salts with saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523-05-0) when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) in pesticide formulations
applied to growing crops at a concentration not to exceed 1.0% by
weight in the formulation. Technology Sciences Group on behalf of BYK
Additives Inc. submitted petitions to EPA under the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting establishment of an exemption from
the requirement of a tolerance. This regulation eliminates the need to
establish a maximum permissible level for residues of quaternary
ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl,
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and
quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite.
DATES: This regulation is effective May 18, 2016. Objections and
requests for hearings must be received on or before July 18, 2016, and
must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR
part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).
ADDRESSES: The dockets for these actions, identified by docket
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0018, EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0020
are available at https://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of
Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the
Environmental Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William
Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC 20460-0001. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30
a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the
telephone number for the OPP Docket is (703) 305-5805. Please review
the visitor instructions and additional information about the docket
available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Lewis, Registration Division
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; main telephone
number: (703) 305-7090; email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer.
The following list of North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide to help readers determine whether this document applies to them.
Potentially affected entities may include:
Crop production (NAICS code 111).
Animal production (NAICS code 112).
Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).
B. How can I get electronic access to other related information?
You may access a frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR
part 180 through the Government Printing Office's e-CFR site at https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl. To access the OCSPP test guidelines referenced in this
document electronically, please go to https://www.epa.gov/ocspp and
select ``Test Methods and Guidelines.''
C. How can I file an objection or hearing request?
Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an
objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a
hearing on those objections. You must file your objection or request a
hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided
in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0018 (CAS Reg. No. 1574487-61-8), EPA-
HQ-OPP-2015-0020 (CAS Reg. No. 1588523-05-0) in the subject line on the
first page of your submission. All objections and requests for a
hearing must be in writing, and must be received by the Hearing Clerk
on or before July 18, 2016. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of
objections and hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of
the filing (excluding any Confidential Business Information (CBI)) for
inclusion in the public docket. Information not marked confidential
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without
prior notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your objection or hearing
request, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0018, EPA-HQ-
OPP-2015-0020 by one of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit
electronically any information you consider to be CBI or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
[[Page 31173]]
Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC
20460-0001.
Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the
instructions at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along
with more information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.
II. Petition for Exemption
In the Federal Register of April 6, 2015 (80 FR 18327) (FRL-9924-
00), EPA issued a document pursuant to FFDCA section 408, 21 U.S.C.
346a, announcing the filing of pesticide petitions (PP IN-10780) and
(PP IN-10781) by Technology Sciences Group on behalf of BYK Additives
Inc., 1600 West Hill Street, Louisville, KY 40210. The petitions
requested that 40 CFR 180.920 be amended by establishing an exemption
from the requirement of a tolerance for residues of quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite (CAS Reg. No.
1574487-61-8) when used as an inert ingredient suspending or
structuring agent in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops
with a limitation of 2.0% in formulation, asbestos free and containing
less than 1% crystalline silica; and quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523-05-0)
when used as an inert ingredient suspending or structuring agent in
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops with a limitation of
1.0% in formulation.
That document referenced a summary of the petitions prepared by
Technology Science Group, the petitioner, which is available in the
docket, https://www.regulations.gov. There were no comments received in
response to the notices of filing.
III. Inert Ingredient Definition
Inert ingredients are all ingredients that are not active
ingredients as defined in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are not
limited to, the following types of ingredients (except when they have a
pesticidal efficacy of their own): Solvents such as alcohols and
hydrocarbons; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty
acids; carriers such as clay and diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as
carrageenan and modified cellulose; wetting, spreading, and dispersing
agents; propellants in aerosol dispensers; microencapsulating agents;
and emulsifiers. The term ``inert'' is not intended to imply
nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active.
Generally, EPA has exempted inert ingredients from the requirement of a
tolerance based on the low toxicity of the individual inert
ingredients.
IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish an
exemption from the requirement for a tolerance (the legal limit for a
pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that
the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines
``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm
will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue,
including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for
which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through
drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include
occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to
give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the
pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure
that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to
infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical
residue. . . .''
EPA establishes exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance only
in those cases where it can be clearly demonstrated that the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide chemical residues under reasonably
foreseeable circumstances will pose no appreciable risks to human
health. In order to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to
pesticide inert ingredients, the Agency considers the toxicity of the
inert in conjunction with possible exposure to residues of the inert
ingredient through food, drinking water, and through other exposures
that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential settings. If EPA
is able to determine that a finite tolerance is not necessary to ensure
that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from
aggregate exposure to the inert ingredient, an exemption from the
requirement of a tolerance may be established.
Consistent with FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(A), and the factors
specified in FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has reviewed the available
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a
determination on aggregate exposure for quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite, and quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite including exposure
resulting from the exemption established by this action. EPA's
assessment of exposures and risks associated with quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with quaternary
ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl,
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite
follows.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered their
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and
children.
Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the
adverse effects caused by both quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite as well
as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-
observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies are
discussed in this unit.
Based on data in structurally similar quaternary ammonium clay
substances, quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
salts with sepiolite and with saponite have low acute toxicity via the
oral, dermal and inhalation routes in rats. The substances are expected
to be a slight skin and eye irritant. A structurally similar quaternary
ammonium clay substance did not cause skin sensitization in guinea
pigs.
Multiple 28-day repeat-dose studies consistently showed high No
Observed
[[Page 31174]]
Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs), typically the highest dose tested,
which was 1,000 milligrams/kilogram/day (mg/kg/day) in rats. There was
an absence of test substance-related toxicologically significant
effects at any of the doses administered, including for neurological
and immunological endpoints. Similarly, there were no effects on
reproductive or developmental endpoints and no evidence for
genotoxicity in multiple in vitro and in vivo assays (OECD 471, 474 and
476 on multiple quaternary ammonium compounds).
Clays treated with quaternary ammonium compounds have low water
solubility, a high hydrophobic partition coefficient and relatively
high molecular weight. All three factors indicate likely limited
absorption following ingestion, dermal exposure or inhalation. Based on
similarities to other quaternary ammonium clays (high molecular
weights, low water solubility, high hydrophobicity), both
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite would
also be almost completely eliminated from the body shortly after oral
dosing. Therefore, the biological availability is expected to be low.
B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern
1. The available toxicity studies indicate that both quaternary
ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl,
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and
with saponite have very low overall toxicity. The NOAELs were
1,000 mg/kg/day (limit dose). Since signs of toxicity were
not observed at the limit dose an endpoint of concern for risk
assessment purposes were not identified. Therefore, since no endpoint
of concern was identified for the acute and chronic dietary exposure
assessment and short and intermediate dermal and inhalation exposure,
quantitative risk assessments for both quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite are not
necessary.
C. Exposure Assessment
1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary
exposure to both quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
salts with sepiolite and with saponite, EPA considered exposure under
the proposed exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. EPA
assessed dietary exposures from both quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite in food
as follows:
Under this exemption from the requirement of a tolerance, residues
of quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite may be found on foods from crops that were
treated with pesticide formulations containing both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite.
However, quantitative dietary exposure assessments were not conducted
since endpoints for risk assessment were not identified.
2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. Since hazard endpoints of
concern were not identified for the acute and chronic dietary
assessments, quantitative dietary exposure risk assessments for
drinking water were not conducted, although exposures may be expected
from use on food crops.
3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary
exposure (e.g., textiles (clothing and diapers), carpets, swimming
pools, and hard surface disinfection on walls, floors, tables). Both
quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite may be used in pesticide products and non-
pesticide products that may be used around the home. Based on the
discussion in Unit IV.B., quantitative residential exposure assessments
for both quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite was not conducted.
4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.'' EPA has not found either
quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite or with saponite to share a common mechanism of toxicity with
any other substances, and both quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite do not
appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For
the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has assumed that
both quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite do not have a common mechanism of toxicity
with other substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to
determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to
evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see EPA's Web site
at https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.
D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children
As part of its qualitative assessment, the Agency did not use
safety factors for assessing risk, and no additional safety factor is
needed for assessing risk to infants and children. Based on the lack of
toxicity of ammonium acetate in the available studies and its chemical
properties, EPA has concluded that there are no toxicological endpoints
of concern for the U.S. population, including infants and children.
E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety
Taking into consideration all available information both quaternary
ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl,
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite
when used as an inert ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) with
a limitation of 2.0% in formulation, asbestos free and containing less
than 1% crystalline silica and quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) with a limitation of 1.0%
in formulation, EPA has determined that there is a reasonable certainty
that no harm to any population subgroup will result from aggregate
exposure to both
[[Page 31175]]
quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite under reasonable foreseeable circumstances.
Therefore, the establishment of an exemption from tolerance under 40
CFR 180.920 for residues of both quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite when used as an inert
ingredient in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops with a
limitation of 2.0% in formulation, asbestos free and containing less
than 1% crystalline silica and quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite when used as an inert
ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) with a limitation of 1.0%
in formulation, is safe under FFDCA section 408.
1. Acute risk. An acute aggregate risk assessment takes into
account acute exposure estimates from dietary consumption of food and
drinking water. No adverse effect resulting from a single oral exposure
was identified and no acute dietary endpoint was selected. Therefore,
both quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite are not expected to pose an acute risk.
2. Chronic risk. A chronic aggregate risk assessment takes into
account subchronic and chronic exposure estimates from dietary
consumption of food and drinking water. No adverse effect resulting
from a subchronic or chronic oral exposure were identified and no
chronic dietary endpoints were selected. Therefore, quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite is not expected to
pose a chronic risk.
3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into
account short-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food
and water (considered to be a background exposure level). Because no
short-term adverse effect was identified, both quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite and with saponite
were not expected to pose short-term risks.
4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure
takes into account intermediate-term residential exposure plus chronic
exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure
level). Because no intermediate-term adverse effect was identified,
both quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite and with saponite were not expected to pose intermediate-term
risks.
5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. As discussed in Unit
IV.A., EPA does not expect either quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite or with saponite to pose a
cancer risk to humans.
6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate
exposure to either quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite or with saponite residues.
V. Other Considerations
A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology
Although EPA is establishing a limitation on the amount of
quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
sepiolite; and quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
salts with saponite that may be used in pesticide formulations, an
analytical enforcement methodology is not necessary for this exemption
from the requirement of tolerance. The limitation will be enforced
through the pesticide registration process under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 136 et
seq. EPA will not register any pesticide for sale or distribution for
use on growing crops with concentrations of quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite exceeding 2.0% by
weight of the formulation, asbestos free and containing less than 1%
crystalline silica; and quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite exceeding 1.0% by weight of
the formulation.
B. International Residue Limits
In making its tolerance decisions, EPA seeks to harmonize U.S.
tolerances with international standards whenever possible, consistent
with U.S. food safety standards and agricultural practices. EPA
considers the international maximum residue limits (MRLs) established
by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as required by FFDCA
section 408(b)(4). The Codex Alimentarius is a joint United Nation Food
and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization food standards
program, and it is recognized as an international food safety
standards-setting organization in trade agreements to which the United
States is a party. EPA may establish a tolerance that is different from
a Codex MRL; however, FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that EPA explain
the reasons for departing from the Codex level.
The Codex has not established a MRL for quaternary ammonium
compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite, and quaternary
ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl,
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite.
VI. Conclusions
Therefore, exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance are
established under 40 CFR 180. 920 for quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. 1574487-61-8)
when used as an inert ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops with a limitation of
2.0% in formulation, asbestos free and containing less than 1%
crystalline silica; and for quaternary ammonium compounds,
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with saponite (CAS Reg. No. 1588523-05-0)
when used as an inert ingredient (suspending or structuring agent) in
pesticide formulations applied to growing crops with a limitation of
1.0% in formulation.
[[Page 31176]]
VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
This action establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in
response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled ``Regulatory Planning and
Review'' (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this action has been
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this action is not
subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled ``Actions Concerning
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or
Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not contain any
information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require any
special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled ``Federal
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations'' (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis
of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq.), do not apply.
This action directly regulates growers, food processors, food
handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency has determined that
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or
tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government
and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between
the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this action. In addition, this
action does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded
mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
This action does not involve any technical standards that would
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).
VIII. Congressional Review Act
Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.),
EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and
the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of
the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: May 10, 2016.
G. Jeffery Herndon,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
0
2. In Sec. 180.920, add alphabetically the inert ingredients
``Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium salts with
saponite'' and ``Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated
tallow alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethylammonium
salts with sepiolite'' to the table to read as follows:
Sec. 180.920 Inert ingredients used pre-harvest; exemptions from the
requirement of a tolerance.
* * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inert ingredients Limits Uses
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Quaternary ammonium compounds, Not to exceed 1.0% by Suspending or structuring agent.
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow weight of pesticide
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated formulation.
tallow alkyl)di-methylammonium
salts with saponite (CAS Reg. No.
1588523-05-0).
Quaternary ammonium compounds, Not to exceed 2.0% by Suspending or structuring agent.
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow weight of pesticide
alkyl)methyl, bis(hydrogenated formulation,
tallow alkyl)di-methylammonium asbestos free and
salts with sepiolite (CAS Reg. No. containing less than
1574487-61-8). 1% crystalline
silica.
* * * * * * *
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[FR Doc. 2016-11743 Filed 5-17-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P