Authorization of Emergency Use of an In Vitro Diagnostic Device for Detection of Ebola Zaire Virus; Availability, 23709-23720 [2016-09369]

Agencies

• Food and Drug Administration
• DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 78 (Friday, April 22, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 23709-23720]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-09369]


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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

[Docket No. FDA-2014-N-1206]


Authorization of Emergency Use of an In Vitro Diagnostic Device 
for Detection of Ebola Zaire Virus; Availability

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the 
issuance of an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) (the Authorization) 
for an in vitro diagnostic device for detection of the Ebola Zaire 
virus in response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa. FDA 
issued this Authorization under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 
Act (the FD&C Act), as requested by OraSure Technologies, Inc. The 
Authorization contains, among other things, conditions on the emergency 
use of the authorized in vitro diagnostic device. The Authorization 
follows the September 22, 2006, determination by then-Secretary of the 
Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Michael Chertoff, that the Ebola 
virus presents a material threat against the U.S. population sufficient 
to affect national security. On the basis of such determination, the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) declared on August 5, 
2014, that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of 
emergency use of in vitro diagnostic devices for detection of Ebola 
virus, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under the FD&C 
Act. The Authorization, which includes an explanation of the reasons 
for issuance, is reprinted in this document.

DATES: The Authorization is effective as of March 4, 2016.

ADDRESSES: Submit written requests for single copies of the EUA to the 
Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, Food and Drug 
Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 4338, Silver 
Spring, MD 20993-0002. Send one self-addressed adhesive label to assist 
that office in processing your request or include a fax number to which 
the Authorization may be sent. See the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section for electronic access to the Authorization.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carmen Maher, Office of 
Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, Food and Drug Administration, 
10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 4347, Silver Spring, MD 20993-
0002, 301-796-8510 (this is not a toll free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    Section 564 of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-3), as amended by the 
Project BioShield Act of 2004 (Pub. L. 108-276) and the Pandemic and 
All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (Pub. L. 113-5), 
allows FDA to strengthen the public health protections against 
biological, chemical, nuclear, and radiological agents. Among other 
things, section 564 of the FD&C Act allows FDA to authorize the use of 
an unapproved medical product or an unapproved use of an approved 
medical product in certain situations. With this EUA authority, FDA can 
help assure that medical countermeasures may be used in emergencies to 
diagnose, treat, or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or 
conditions caused by biological, chemical, nuclear, or radiological 
agents when there are no adequate, approved, and available 
alternatives.
    Section 564(b)(1) of the FD&C Act provides that, before an EUA may 
be issued, the Secretary of HHS must declare that circumstances exist 
justifying the authorization based on one of the following grounds: (1) 
A determination by the Secretary of Homeland Security that there is a 
domestic emergency, or a significant potential for a domestic 
emergency, involving a heightened risk of attack with a biological, 
chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; (2) a determination 
by the Secretary of Defense that there is a military emergency, or a 
significant potential for a military emergency, involving a heightened 
risk to U.S. military forces of attack with a biological, chemical, 
radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; (3) a determination by the 
Secretary of HHS that there is a public health emergency, or a 
significant potential for a public health emergency, that affects, or 
has a significant potential to affect, national security or the health 
and security of U.S. citizens living abroad, and that involves a 
biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents, or a 
disease or condition that may be attributable to such agent or agents; 
or (4) the identification of a material threat by the Secretary of 
Homeland Security under section 319F-2 of the Public Health Service 
(PHS) Act (42 U.S.C. 247d-6b) sufficient to affect national security or 
the health and security of U.S. citizens living abroad.
    Once the Secretary of HHS has declared that circumstances exist 
justifying an authorization under section 564 of the FD&C Act, FDA may 
authorize the emergency use of a drug, device, or biological product if 
the Agency concludes that the statutory criteria are satisfied. Under 
section 564(h)(1) of the FD&C Act, FDA is required to publish in the 
Federal Register a notice of each authorization, and each termination 
or revocation of an authorization, and an explanation of the reasons 
for the action. Section 564 of the FD&C Act permits FDA to authorize 
the introduction into interstate commerce of a drug, device, or 
biological product intended for use when the Secretary of HHS has 
declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of 
emergency use. Products appropriate for emergency use may include 
products and uses that are not approved, cleared, or licensed under 
sections 505, 510(k), or 515 of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 355, 360(k), 
and 360e) or section 351 of the PHS Act (42 U.S.C. 262). FDA may issue 
an EUA only if, after consultation with the HHS Assistant Secretary for 
Preparedness and Response, the

[[Page 23710]]

Director of the National Institutes of Health, and the Director of the 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (to the extent feasible and 
appropriate given the applicable circumstances), FDA \1\ concludes: (1) 
That an agent referred to in a declaration of emergency or threat can 
cause a serious or life-threatening disease or condition; (2) that, 
based on the totality of scientific evidence available to FDA, 
including data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials, if 
available, it is reasonable to believe that: (A) The product may be 
effective in diagnosing, treating, or preventing (i) such disease or 
condition; or (ii) a serious or life-threatening disease or condition 
caused by a product authorized under section 564, approved or cleared 
under the FD&C Act, or licensed under section 351 of the PHS Act, for 
diagnosing, treating, or preventing such a disease or condition caused 
by such an agent; and (B) the known and potential benefits of the 
product, when used to diagnose, prevent, or treat such disease or 
condition, outweigh the known and potential risks of the product, 
taking into consideration the material threat posed by the agent or 
agents identified in a declaration under section 564(b)(1)(D) of the 
FD&C Act, if applicable; (3) that there is no adequate, approved, and 
available alternative to the product for diagnosing, preventing, or 
treating such disease or condition; and (4) that such other criteria as 
may be prescribed by regulation are satisfied.
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    \1\ The Secretary of HHS has delegated the authority to issue an 
EUA under section 564 of the FD&C Act to the Commissioner of Food 
and Drugs.
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    No other criteria for issuance have been prescribed by regulation 
under section 564(c)(4) of the FD&C Act. Because the statute is self-
executing, regulations or guidance are not required for FDA to 
implement the EUA authority.

II. EUA Request for an In Vitro Diagnostic Device for Detection of the 
Ebola Zaire Virus

    On September 22, 2006, then-Secretary of DHS, Michael Chertoff, 
determined that the Ebola virus presents a material threat against the 
U.S. population sufficient to affect national security.\2\ On August 5, 
2014, under section 564(b)(1) of the FD&C Act and on the basis of such 
determination, the Secretary of HHS declared that circumstances exist 
justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostic 
devices for detection of Ebola virus, subject to the terms of any 
authorization issued under section 564 of the FD&C Act. Notice of the 
declaration of the Secretary was published in the Federal Register on 
August 12, 2014 (79 FR 47141). On February 29, 2016, OraSure 
Technologies, Inc. submitted a complete request for, and on March 4, 
2016, FDA issued, an EUA for the OraQuick[supreg] Ebola Rapid Antigen 
Test, subject to the terms of the Authorization.
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    \2\ Under section 564(b)(1) of the FD&C Act, the HHS Secretary's 
declaration that supports the EUA issuance must be based on one of 
four determinations, including the identification by the DHS 
Secretary of a material threat under section 319F-2 of the PHS Act 
sufficient to affect national security or the health and security of 
U.S. citizens living abroad (section 564(b)(1)(D) of the FD&C Act).
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III. Electronic Access

    An electronic version of this document and the full text of the 
Authorization are available on the Internet at https://www.regulations.gov.

IV. The Authorization

    Having concluded that the criteria for issuance of the 
Authorization under section 564(c) of the FD&C Act are met, FDA has 
authorized the emergency use of an in vitro diagnostic device for 
detection of Ebola Zaire virus (detected in the West Africa outbreak in 
2014) subject to the terms of the Authorization. The Authorization in 
its entirety (not including the authorized versions of the fact sheets 
and other written materials) follows and provides an explanation of the 
reasons for its issuance, as required by section 564(h)(1) of the FD&C 
Act:
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    Dated: April 18, 2016.
Leslie Kux,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016-09369 Filed 4-21-16; 8:45 am]
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