Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision, 15404-15406 [2016-06395]
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15404
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 55 / Tuesday, March 22, 2016 / Notices
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
To submit your comment online, go to
https://www.regulations.gov and in the
search box insert the docket numbers
FMCSA–1998–4334; FMCSA–1999–
5578; FMCSA–1999–5748; FMCSA–
1999–6156; FMCSA–2000–7363;
FMCSA–2001–10578; FMCSA–2003–
15268; FMCSA–2003–15892; FMCSA–
2005–22194; FMCSA–2005–22727;
FMCSA–2007–0017; FMCSA–2007–
27897; FMCSA–2009–0154; FMCSA–
2009–0206; FMCSA–2009–0303;
FMCSA–2011–0092; FMCSA–2011–
0142; FMCSA–2011–0190; FMCSA–
2011–0298; FMCSA–2011–0325;
FMCSA–2013–0029; FMCSA–2013–
0165; FMCSA–2–13–0166; FMCSA–
2013–0167; FMCSA–2013–0168;
FMCSA–2013–0169; FMCSA–2013–
0170; FMCSA–2013–0174 and click the
search button. When the new screen
appears, click on the blue ‘‘Comment
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the page. On the new page, enter
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facility, please enclose a stamped, selfaddressed postcard or envelope.
We will consider all comments and
material received during the comment
period and may change the decision
based on your comments. FMCSA may
issue a response at any time after the
close of the comment period.
Viewing Comments and Documents
To view comments, as well as any
documents mentioned in this preamble,
go to https://www.regulations.gov and in
the search box insert the docket number
FMCSA–1998–4334; FMCSA–1999–
5578; FMCSA–1999–5748; FMCSA–
1999–6156; FMCSA–2000–7363;
FMCSA–2001–10578; FMCSA–2003–
15268; FMCSA–2003–15892; FMCSA–
2005–22194; FMCSA–2005–22727;
FMCSA–2007–0017; FMCSA–2007–
27897; FMCSA–2009–0154; FMCSA–
2009–0206; FMCSA–2009–0303;
FMCSA–2011–0092; FMCSA–2011–
0142; FMCSA–2011–0190; FMCSA–
2011–0298; FMCSA–2011–0325;
FMCSA–2013–0029; FMCSA–2013–
0165; FMCSA–2–13–0166; FMCSA–
2013–0167; FMCSA–2013–0168;
FMCSA–2013–0169; FMCSA–2013–
0170; FMCSA–2013–0174 and click
‘‘Search.’’ Next, click ‘‘Open Docket
Folder’’ and you will find all documents
and related comments.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:34 Mar 21, 2016
Jkt 238001
Issued on: March 3, 2016.
Larry W. Minor,
Associate Administrator for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016–06390 Filed 3–21–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–EX–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration
[Docket No. FMCSA–2015–0070]
Qualification of Drivers; Exemption
Applications; Vision
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration (FMCSA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of final disposition.
AGENCY:
FMCSA announces its
decision to exempt 36 individuals from
the vision requirement in the Federal
Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
(FMCSRs). They are unable to meet the
vision requirement in one eye for
various reasons. The exemptions will
enable these individuals to operate
commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in
interstate commerce without meeting
the prescribed vision requirement in
one eye. The Agency has concluded that
granting these exemptions will provide
a level of safety that is equivalent to or
greater than the level of safety
maintained without the exemptions for
these CMV drivers.
DATES: The exemptions were granted
December 3, 2015. The exemptions
expire on December 3, 2017.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Christine A. Hydock, Chief, Medical
Programs Division, (202) 366–4001,
fmcsamedical@dot.gov, FMCSA,
Department of Transportation, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Room W64–
113, Washington, DC 20590–0001.
Office hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., e.t.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays. If you have questions
regarding viewing or submitting
material to the docket, contact Docket
Services, telephone (202) 366–9826.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
SUMMARY:
I. Electronic Access
You may see all the comments online
through the Federal Document
Management System (FDMS) at https://
www.regulations.gov.
Docket: For access to the docket to
read background documents or
comments, go to https://
www.regulations.gov and/or Room
W12–140 on the ground level of the
West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue
SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m.
and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.
PO 00000
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Privacy Act: In accordance with 5
U.S.C. 553(c), DOT solicits comments
from the public to better inform its
rulemaking process. DOT posts these
comments, without edit, including any
personal information the commenter
provides, to www.regulations.gov, as
described in the system of records
notice (DOT/ALL–14 FDMS), which can
be reviewed at www.dot.gov/privacy.
II. Background
On November 2, 2015, FMCSA
published a notice of receipt of
exemption applications from certain
individuals, and requested comments
from the public (80 FR 67476). That
notice listed 36 applicants’ case
histories. The 36 individuals applied for
exemptions from the vision requirement
in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), for drivers who
operate CMVs in interstate commerce.
Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315,
FMCSA may grant an exemption for a 2year period if it finds ‘‘such exemption
would likely achieve a level of safety
that is equivalent to or greater than the
level that would be achieved absent
such exemption.’’ The statute also
allows the Agency to renew exemptions
at the end of the 2-year period.
Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the
36 applications on their merits and
made a determination to grant
exemptions to each of them.
III. Vision and Driving Experience of
the Applicants
The vision requirement in the
FMCSRs provides:
A person is physically qualified to
drive a commercial motor vehicle if that
person has distant visual acuity of at
least 20/40 (Snellen) in each eye
without corrective lenses or visual
acuity separately corrected to 20/40
(Snellen) or better with corrective
lenses, distant binocular acuity of a least
20/40 (Snellen) in both eyes with or
without corrective lenses, field of vision
of at least 70° in the horizontal meridian
in each eye, and the ability to recognize
the colors of traffic signals and devices
showing red, green, and amber (49 CFR
391.41(b)(10)).
FMCSA recognizes that some drivers
do not meet the vision requirement but
have adapted their driving to
accommodate their vision limitation
and demonstrated their ability to drive
safely. The 36 exemption applicants
listed in this notice are in this category.
They are unable to meet the vision
requirement in one eye for various
reasons, including amblyopia, aniridia,
anisotropic amblyopia, Best disease,
branch retinal artery occlusion, chronic
retinal detachment, complete loss of
vision, corneal scar, fibrovascular
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 55 / Tuesday, March 22, 2016 / Notices
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
ingrowth, hypertropia, macular
degeneration, macular edema, macular
scar, partial coloboma, prosthetic eye,
pseudophakia, refractive amblyopia,
retinal detachment, retinal vein
occlusion, strabismic amblyopia. In
most cases, their eye conditions were
not recently developed. Twenty-six of
the applicants were either born with
their vision impairments or have had
them since childhood.
The 10 individuals that sustained
their vision conditions as adults have
had it for a range of 2 to 54 years.
Although each applicant has one eye
which does not meet the vision
requirement in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10),
each has at least 20/40 corrected vision
in the other eye, and in a doctor’s
opinion, has sufficient vision to perform
all the tasks necessary to operate a CMV.
Doctors’ opinions are supported by the
applicants’ possession of valid
commercial driver’s licenses (CDLs) or
non-CDLs to operate CMVs. Before
issuing CDLs, States subject drivers to
knowledge and skills tests designed to
evaluate their qualifications to operate a
CMV.
All of these applicants satisfied the
testing requirements for their State of
residence. By meeting State licensing
requirements, the applicants
demonstrated their ability to operate a
CMV, with their limited vision, to the
satisfaction of the State.
While possessing a valid CDL or nonCDL, these 36 drivers have been
authorized to drive a CMV in intrastate
commerce, even though their vision
disqualified them from driving in
interstate commerce. They have driven
CMVs with their limited vision in
careers ranging for 3 to 54 years. In the
past three years, 2 drivers were involved
in crashes, and 3 drivers were convicted
of moving violations in CMVs.
The qualifications, experience, and
medical condition of each applicant
were stated and discussed in detail in
the November 2, 2015 notice (80 FR
67476).
IV. Basis for Exemption Determination
Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315,
FMCSA may grant an exemption from
the vision requirement in 49 CFR
391.41(b)(10) if the exemption is likely
to achieve an equivalent or greater level
of safety than would be achieved
without the exemption. Without the
exemption, applicants will continue to
be restricted to intrastate driving. With
the exemption, applicants can drive in
interstate commerce. Thus, our analysis
focuses on whether an equal or greater
level of safety is likely to be achieved by
permitting each of these drivers to drive
in interstate commerce as opposed to
VerDate Sep<11>2014
17:34 Mar 21, 2016
Jkt 238001
restricting him or her to driving in
intrastate commerce.
To evaluate the effect of these
exemptions on safety, FMCSA
considered the medical reports about
the applicants’ vision as well as their
driving records and experience with the
vision deficiency.
To qualify for an exemption from the
vision requirement, FMCSA requires a
person to present verifiable evidence
that he/she has driven a commercial
vehicle safely with the vision deficiency
for the past 3 years. Recent driving
performance is especially important in
evaluating future safety, according to
several research studies designed to
correlate past and future driving
performance. Results of these studies
support the principle that the best
predictor of future performance by a
driver is his/her past record of crashes
and traffic violations. Copies of the
studies may be found at Docket Number
FMCSA–1998–3637.
FMCSA believes it can properly apply
the principle to monocular drivers,
because data from the Federal Highway
Administration’s (FHWA) former waiver
study program clearly demonstrate the
driving performance of experienced
monocular drivers in the program is
better than that of all CMV drivers
collectively (See 61 FR 13338, 13345,
March 26, 1996). The fact that
experienced monocular drivers
demonstrated safe driving records in the
waiver program supports a conclusion
that other monocular drivers, meeting
the same qualifying conditions as those
required by the waiver program, are also
likely to have adapted to their vision
deficiency and will continue to operate
safely.
The first major research correlating
past and future performance was done
in England by Greenwood and Yule in
1920. Subsequent studies, building on
that model, concluded that crash rates
for the same individual exposed to
certain risks for two different time
periods vary only slightly (See Bates
and Neyman, University of California
Publications in Statistics, April 1952).
Other studies demonstrated theories of
predicting crash proneness from crash
history coupled with other factors.
These factors—such as age, sex,
geographic location, mileage driven and
conviction history—are used every day
by insurance companies and motor
vehicle bureaus to predict the
probability of an individual
experiencing future crashes (See Weber,
Donald C., ‘‘Accident Rate Potential: An
Application of Multiple Regression
Analysis of a Poisson Process,’’ Journal
of American Statistical Association,
June 1971). A 1964 California Driver
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15405
Record Study prepared by the California
Department of Motor Vehicles
concluded that the best overall crash
predictor for both concurrent and
nonconcurrent events is the number of
single convictions. This study used 3
consecutive years of data, comparing the
experiences of drivers in the first 2 years
with their experiences in the final year.
Applying principles from these
studies to the past 3-year record of the
36 applicants, 2 drivers were involved
in crashes, and 3 drivers were convicted
of moving violations in a CMV. All the
applicants achieved a record of safety
while driving with their vision
impairment, demonstrating the
likelihood that they have adapted their
driving skills to accommodate their
condition. As the applicants’ ample
driving histories with their vision
deficiencies are good predictors of
future performance, FMCSA concludes
their ability to drive safely can be
projected into the future.
We believe that the applicants’
intrastate driving experience and history
provide an adequate basis for predicting
their ability to drive safely in interstate
commerce. Intrastate driving, like
interstate operations, involves
substantial driving on highways on the
interstate system and on other roads
built to interstate standards. Moreover,
driving in congested urban areas
exposes the driver to more pedestrian
and vehicular traffic than exists on
interstate highways. Faster reaction to
traffic and traffic signals is generally
required because distances between
them are more compact. These
conditions tax visual capacity and
driver response just as intensely as
interstate driving conditions. The
veteran drivers in this proceeding have
operated CMVs safely under those
conditions for at least 3 years, most for
much longer. Their experience and
driving records lead us to believe that
each applicant is capable of operating in
interstate commerce as safely as he/she
has been performing in intrastate
commerce. Consequently, FMCSA finds
that exempting these applicants from
the vision requirement in 49 CFR
391.41(b)(10) is likely to achieve a level
of safety equal to that existing without
the exemption. For this reason, the
Agency is granting the exemptions for
the 2-year period allowed by 49 U.S.C.
31136(e) and 31315 to the 36 applicants
listed in the notice of November 2, 2015
(80 FR 67476).
We recognize that the vision of an
applicant may change and affect his/her
ability to operate a CMV as safely as in
the past. As a condition of the
exemption, therefore, FMCSA will
impose requirements on the 36
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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 55 / Tuesday, March 22, 2016 / Notices
individuals consistent with the
grandfathering provisions applied to
drivers who participated in the
Agency’s vision waiver program.
Those requirements are found at 49
CFR 391.64(b) and include the
following: (1) That each individual be
physically examined every year (a) by
an ophthalmologist or optometrist who
attests that the vision in the better eye
continues to meet the requirement in 49
CFR 391.41(b)(10) and (b) by a medical
examiner who attests that the individual
is otherwise physically qualified under
49 CFR 391.41; (2) that each individual
provide a copy of the ophthalmologist’s
or optometrist’s report to the medical
examiner at the time of the annual
medical examination; and (3) that each
individual provide a copy of the annual
medical certification to the employer for
retention in the driver’s qualification
file, or keep a copy in his/her driver’s
qualification file if he/she is selfemployed. The driver must have a copy
of the certification when driving, for
presentation to a duly authorized
Federal, State, or local enforcement
official.
V. Discussion of Comments
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
IV. Conclusion
Based upon its evaluation of the 36
exemption applications, FMCSA
exempts the following drivers from the
vision requirement in 49 CFR
391.41(b)(10), subject to the
requirements cited above (49 CFR
391.64(b)):
Raymond H. Annis (CA)
Joseph A. Basista (PA)
James T. Bauer (PA)
Duane W. Brzuchalski (AZ)
John D. Burns, Jr. (NY)
Stephen J. Calandrino (PA)
Randall S. Canedy (PA)
Rufus A. Dennis (TN)
David Diamond (IL)
David D. Frey (FL)
Jason T. Glaude (ME)
Patrick Griffin (OK)
Roger J. Hansen (WI)
Elvin M. Hursh (PA)
Tommy R. Jefferies (FL)
Jeffrey A. Keefer (OH)
Dale R. Knuppel (CO)
James J. Kopesky (WI)
Richard W. Korthanke (KS)
William E. Leimkuehler (CA)
Michael R. Letson (MI)
Jose A. Marco (TX)
Cole W. McLaughlin (SD)
Javier R. Morales (CA)
Clarence L. Ogle (SD)
Roy A. Quesada (PA)
Rafael Quintero (TX)
17:34 Mar 21, 2016
Issued on: March 16, 2016.
Larry W. Minor,
Associate Administrator for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016–06395 Filed 3–21–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–EX–P
FMCSA received no comments in this
proceeding.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
Clark M. Robinson (SC)
Donald L. Schoendienst (MO)
Wesley C. Slattery (KS)
James J. Slemmer, Jr. (PA)
Jeffrey W. Smith (NC)
Mark R. Stevens (IA)
Kevin A. Szafranski (ND)
Gerry W. Talbott (VA)
Raymond W. Teemer (NJ)
In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 31136(e)
and 31315, each exemption will be valid
for 2 years unless revoked earlier by
FMCSA. The exemption will be revoked
if: (1) The person fails to comply with
the terms and conditions of the
exemption; (2) the exemption has
resulted in a lower level of safety than
was maintained before it was granted; or
(3) continuation of the exemption would
not be consistent with the goals and
objectives of 49 U.S.C. 31136 and 31315.
If the exemption is still effective at the
end of the 2-year period, the person may
apply to FMCSA for a renewal under
procedures in effect at that time.
Jkt 238001
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Transit Administration
[Docket No. FTA–2016–0005]
Notice of Proposed Buy America
Waiver for Special Trackwork Turnout
Switch Components
AGENCY:
Federal Transit Administration,
DOT.
Notice of Proposed Buy America
waiver and request for comment.
ACTION:
The Federal Transit
Administration (FTA) received a request
from the Detroit Transportation
Corporation (DTC) for a Buy America
non-availability waiver for the
procurement of two special trackwork
turnout switch components (switch).
The existing switches were installed as
original equipment in 1987 and
designed to European standards, using
AREMA 115RE rail throughout the
turnout with a special 60E1A1 switch
point section. The proper operation of
the switch is essential for the continued,
safe operations of DTC vehicles. DTC
seeks a waiver for the switch because
there are no domestic manufacturers of
the switch. In addition, European design
and the proprietary nature of the
equipment means that alternative
proposers would need to first
familiarize themselves with European
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
Frm 00187
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
standards, design, construction, and
installation procedures to provide a
replacement switch. DTC issued two
requests for proposals (RFPs) for
procurement of the switch, and received
only one proposal, which was not Buy
America-complaint. 49 U.S.C. 5323(j)(2)
and 49 CFR 661.7(c)(2). In accordance
with 49 U.S.C. 5323(j)(3)(A), FTA is
providing notice of the non-availability
waiver request and seeks public
comment before deciding whether to
grant the request. If granted, the waiver
would apply for the switch identified in
the waiver request.
DATES: Comments must be received by
March 29, 2016. Late-filed comments
will be considered to the extent
practicable.
ADDRESSES: Please submit your
comments by one of the following
means, identifying your submissions by
docket number FTA–2016–0005:
1. Web site: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments
on the U.S. Government electronic
docket site.
2. Fax: (202) 493–2251.
3. Mail: U.S. Department of
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Docket Operations, M–30,
West Building, Ground Floor, Room
W12–140, Washington, DC 20590–0001.
4. Hand Delivery: U.S. Department of
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Docket Operations, M–30,
West Building, Ground Floor, Room
W12–140, Washington, DC 20590–0001
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Instructions: All submissions must
make reference to the ‘‘Federal Transit
Administration’’ and include docket
number FTA–2016–0005. Due to the
security procedures in effect since
October 2011, mail received through the
U.S. Postal Service may be subject to
delays. Parties making submissions
responsive to this notice should
consider using an express mail firm to
ensure the prompt filing of any
submissions not filed electronically or
by hand. Note that all submissions
received, including any personal
information therein, will be posted
without change or alteration to https://
www.regulations.gov. For more
information, you may review DOT’s
complete Privacy Act Statement in the
Federal Register published April 11,
2000 (65 FR 19477), or you may visit
https://www.regulations.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Laura Ames, FTA Attorney-Advisor, at
(202) 366–2743 or Laura.Ames@dot.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
purpose of this notice is to provide
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 55 (Tuesday, March 22, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 15404-15406]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-06395]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
[Docket No. FMCSA-2015-0070]
Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision
AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of final disposition.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to exempt 36 individuals from the
vision requirement in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
(FMCSRs). They are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for
various reasons. The exemptions will enable these individuals to
operate commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in interstate commerce without
meeting the prescribed vision requirement in one eye. The Agency has
concluded that granting these exemptions will provide a level of safety
that is equivalent to or greater than the level of safety maintained
without the exemptions for these CMV drivers.
DATES: The exemptions were granted December 3, 2015. The exemptions
expire on December 3, 2017.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Christine A. Hydock, Chief, Medical
Programs Division, (202) 366-4001, fmcsamedical@dot.gov, FMCSA,
Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room W64-113,
Washington, DC 20590-0001. Office hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., e.t.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. If you have questions
regarding viewing or submitting material to the docket, contact Docket
Services, telephone (202) 366-9826.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Electronic Access
You may see all the comments online through the Federal Document
Management System (FDMS) at https://www.regulations.gov.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments, go to https://www.regulations.gov and/or Room W12-140 on the
ground level of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.
Privacy Act: In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553(c), DOT solicits
comments from the public to better inform its rulemaking process. DOT
posts these comments, without edit, including any personal information
the commenter provides, to www.regulations.gov, as described in the
system of records notice (DOT/ALL-14 FDMS), which can be reviewed at
www.dot.gov/privacy.
II. Background
On November 2, 2015, FMCSA published a notice of receipt of
exemption applications from certain individuals, and requested comments
from the public (80 FR 67476). That notice listed 36 applicants' case
histories. The 36 individuals applied for exemptions from the vision
requirement in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), for drivers who operate CMVs in
interstate commerce.
Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption
for a 2-year period if it finds ``such exemption would likely achieve a
level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level that
would be achieved absent such exemption.'' The statute also allows the
Agency to renew exemptions at the end of the 2-year period.
Accordingly, FMCSA has evaluated the 36 applications on their merits
and made a determination to grant exemptions to each of them.
III. Vision and Driving Experience of the Applicants
The vision requirement in the FMCSRs provides:
A person is physically qualified to drive a commercial motor
vehicle if that person has distant visual acuity of at least 20/40
(Snellen) in each eye without corrective lenses or visual acuity
separately corrected to 20/40 (Snellen) or better with corrective
lenses, distant binocular acuity of a least 20/40 (Snellen) in both
eyes with or without corrective lenses, field of vision of at least
70[deg] in the horizontal meridian in each eye, and the ability to
recognize the colors of traffic signals and devices showing red, green,
and amber (49 CFR 391.41(b)(10)).
FMCSA recognizes that some drivers do not meet the vision
requirement but have adapted their driving to accommodate their vision
limitation and demonstrated their ability to drive safely. The 36
exemption applicants listed in this notice are in this category. They
are unable to meet the vision requirement in one eye for various
reasons, including amblyopia, aniridia, anisotropic amblyopia, Best
disease, branch retinal artery occlusion, chronic retinal detachment,
complete loss of vision, corneal scar, fibrovascular
[[Page 15405]]
ingrowth, hypertropia, macular degeneration, macular edema, macular
scar, partial coloboma, prosthetic eye, pseudophakia, refractive
amblyopia, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusion, strabismic
amblyopia. In most cases, their eye conditions were not recently
developed. Twenty-six of the applicants were either born with their
vision impairments or have had them since childhood.
The 10 individuals that sustained their vision conditions as adults
have had it for a range of 2 to 54 years.
Although each applicant has one eye which does not meet the vision
requirement in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10), each has at least 20/40 corrected
vision in the other eye, and in a doctor's opinion, has sufficient
vision to perform all the tasks necessary to operate a CMV. Doctors'
opinions are supported by the applicants' possession of valid
commercial driver's licenses (CDLs) or non-CDLs to operate CMVs. Before
issuing CDLs, States subject drivers to knowledge and skills tests
designed to evaluate their qualifications to operate a CMV.
All of these applicants satisfied the testing requirements for
their State of residence. By meeting State licensing requirements, the
applicants demonstrated their ability to operate a CMV, with their
limited vision, to the satisfaction of the State.
While possessing a valid CDL or non-CDL, these 36 drivers have been
authorized to drive a CMV in intrastate commerce, even though their
vision disqualified them from driving in interstate commerce. They have
driven CMVs with their limited vision in careers ranging for 3 to 54
years. In the past three years, 2 drivers were involved in crashes, and
3 drivers were convicted of moving violations in CMVs.
The qualifications, experience, and medical condition of each
applicant were stated and discussed in detail in the November 2, 2015
notice (80 FR 67476).
IV. Basis for Exemption Determination
Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, FMCSA may grant an exemption
from the vision requirement in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10) if the exemption is
likely to achieve an equivalent or greater level of safety than would
be achieved without the exemption. Without the exemption, applicants
will continue to be restricted to intrastate driving. With the
exemption, applicants can drive in interstate commerce. Thus, our
analysis focuses on whether an equal or greater level of safety is
likely to be achieved by permitting each of these drivers to drive in
interstate commerce as opposed to restricting him or her to driving in
intrastate commerce.
To evaluate the effect of these exemptions on safety, FMCSA
considered the medical reports about the applicants' vision as well as
their driving records and experience with the vision deficiency.
To qualify for an exemption from the vision requirement, FMCSA
requires a person to present verifiable evidence that he/she has driven
a commercial vehicle safely with the vision deficiency for the past 3
years. Recent driving performance is especially important in evaluating
future safety, according to several research studies designed to
correlate past and future driving performance. Results of these studies
support the principle that the best predictor of future performance by
a driver is his/her past record of crashes and traffic violations.
Copies of the studies may be found at Docket Number FMCSA-1998-3637.
FMCSA believes it can properly apply the principle to monocular
drivers, because data from the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA)
former waiver study program clearly demonstrate the driving performance
of experienced monocular drivers in the program is better than that of
all CMV drivers collectively (See 61 FR 13338, 13345, March 26, 1996).
The fact that experienced monocular drivers demonstrated safe driving
records in the waiver program supports a conclusion that other
monocular drivers, meeting the same qualifying conditions as those
required by the waiver program, are also likely to have adapted to
their vision deficiency and will continue to operate safely.
The first major research correlating past and future performance
was done in England by Greenwood and Yule in 1920. Subsequent studies,
building on that model, concluded that crash rates for the same
individual exposed to certain risks for two different time periods vary
only slightly (See Bates and Neyman, University of California
Publications in Statistics, April 1952). Other studies demonstrated
theories of predicting crash proneness from crash history coupled with
other factors. These factors--such as age, sex, geographic location,
mileage driven and conviction history--are used every day by insurance
companies and motor vehicle bureaus to predict the probability of an
individual experiencing future crashes (See Weber, Donald C.,
``Accident Rate Potential: An Application of Multiple Regression
Analysis of a Poisson Process,'' Journal of American Statistical
Association, June 1971). A 1964 California Driver Record Study prepared
by the California Department of Motor Vehicles concluded that the best
overall crash predictor for both concurrent and nonconcurrent events is
the number of single convictions. This study used 3 consecutive years
of data, comparing the experiences of drivers in the first 2 years with
their experiences in the final year.
Applying principles from these studies to the past 3-year record of
the 36 applicants, 2 drivers were involved in crashes, and 3 drivers
were convicted of moving violations in a CMV. All the applicants
achieved a record of safety while driving with their vision impairment,
demonstrating the likelihood that they have adapted their driving
skills to accommodate their condition. As the applicants' ample driving
histories with their vision deficiencies are good predictors of future
performance, FMCSA concludes their ability to drive safely can be
projected into the future.
We believe that the applicants' intrastate driving experience and
history provide an adequate basis for predicting their ability to drive
safely in interstate commerce. Intrastate driving, like interstate
operations, involves substantial driving on highways on the interstate
system and on other roads built to interstate standards. Moreover,
driving in congested urban areas exposes the driver to more pedestrian
and vehicular traffic than exists on interstate highways. Faster
reaction to traffic and traffic signals is generally required because
distances between them are more compact. These conditions tax visual
capacity and driver response just as intensely as interstate driving
conditions. The veteran drivers in this proceeding have operated CMVs
safely under those conditions for at least 3 years, most for much
longer. Their experience and driving records lead us to believe that
each applicant is capable of operating in interstate commerce as safely
as he/she has been performing in intrastate commerce. Consequently,
FMCSA finds that exempting these applicants from the vision requirement
in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(10) is likely to achieve a level of safety equal to
that existing without the exemption. For this reason, the Agency is
granting the exemptions for the 2-year period allowed by 49 U.S.C.
31136(e) and 31315 to the 36 applicants listed in the notice of
November 2, 2015 (80 FR 67476).
We recognize that the vision of an applicant may change and affect
his/her ability to operate a CMV as safely as in the past. As a
condition of the exemption, therefore, FMCSA will impose requirements
on the 36
[[Page 15406]]
individuals consistent with the grandfathering provisions applied to
drivers who participated in the Agency's vision waiver program.
Those requirements are found at 49 CFR 391.64(b) and include the
following: (1) That each individual be physically examined every year
(a) by an ophthalmologist or optometrist who attests that the vision in
the better eye continues to meet the requirement in 49 CFR
391.41(b)(10) and (b) by a medical examiner who attests that the
individual is otherwise physically qualified under 49 CFR 391.41; (2)
that each individual provide a copy of the ophthalmologist's or
optometrist's report to the medical examiner at the time of the annual
medical examination; and (3) that each individual provide a copy of the
annual medical certification to the employer for retention in the
driver's qualification file, or keep a copy in his/her driver's
qualification file if he/she is self-employed. The driver must have a
copy of the certification when driving, for presentation to a duly
authorized Federal, State, or local enforcement official.
V. Discussion of Comments
FMCSA received no comments in this proceeding.
IV. Conclusion
Based upon its evaluation of the 36 exemption applications, FMCSA
exempts the following drivers from the vision requirement in 49 CFR
391.41(b)(10), subject to the requirements cited above (49 CFR
391.64(b)):
Raymond H. Annis (CA)
Joseph A. Basista (PA)
James T. Bauer (PA)
Duane W. Brzuchalski (AZ)
John D. Burns, Jr. (NY)
Stephen J. Calandrino (PA)
Randall S. Canedy (PA)
Rufus A. Dennis (TN)
David Diamond (IL)
David D. Frey (FL)
Jason T. Glaude (ME)
Patrick Griffin (OK)
Roger J. Hansen (WI)
Elvin M. Hursh (PA)
Tommy R. Jefferies (FL)
Jeffrey A. Keefer (OH)
Dale R. Knuppel (CO)
James J. Kopesky (WI)
Richard W. Korthanke (KS)
William E. Leimkuehler (CA)
Michael R. Letson (MI)
Jose A. Marco (TX)
Cole W. McLaughlin (SD)
Javier R. Morales (CA)
Clarence L. Ogle (SD)
Roy A. Quesada (PA)
Rafael Quintero (TX)
Clark M. Robinson (SC)
Donald L. Schoendienst (MO)
Wesley C. Slattery (KS)
James J. Slemmer, Jr. (PA)
Jeffrey W. Smith (NC)
Mark R. Stevens (IA)
Kevin A. Szafranski (ND)
Gerry W. Talbott (VA)
Raymond W. Teemer (NJ)
In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315, each exemption
will be valid for 2 years unless revoked earlier by FMCSA. The
exemption will be revoked if: (1) The person fails to comply with the
terms and conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted
in a lower level of safety than was maintained before it was granted;
or (3) continuation of the exemption would not be consistent with the
goals and objectives of 49 U.S.C. 31136 and 31315.
If the exemption is still effective at the end of the 2-year
period, the person may apply to FMCSA for a renewal under procedures in
effect at that time.
Issued on: March 16, 2016.
Larry W. Minor,
Associate Administrator for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016-06395 Filed 3-21-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P
