Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC): Implementation of Electronic Benefit Transfer-Related Provisions, 10433-10451 [2016-04261]

Agencies

• DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
• Food and Nutrition Service

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 40 (Tuesday, March 1, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 10433-10451]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-04261]



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Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 40 / Tuesday, March 1, 2016 / Rules 
and Regulations

[[Page 10433]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Food and Nutrition Service

7 CFR Part 246

RIN 0584-AE21


Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and 
Children (WIC): Implementation of Electronic Benefit Transfer-Related 
Provisions

AGENCY: Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This final rule considers public comments submitted in 
response to the proposed rule published February 28, 2013 and 
implements the provisions set forth in the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids 
Act of 2010 related to electronic benefit transfer (EBT) for the WIC 
Program (also referred to herein as ``the Program''). The HHFKA amended 
provisions of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (CNA) and was enacted on 
December 13, 2010. EBT provisions of the HHFKA and other EBT 
implementation requirements included in this final rule are: A 
definition of EBT; a mandate that all WIC State agencies implement EBT 
delivery method by October 1, 2020; system management and reporting 
requirements; revisions to current provisions that prohibit imposition 
of costs on vendors; a requirement for the Secretary of Agriculture to 
establish minimum lane equipage standards; a requirement for the 
Secretary of Agriculture to establish technical standards and operating 
rules; and a requirement that State agencies use the National Universal 
Product Code (NUPC) database.

DATES: 
    Effective Date: This rule is effective on May 2, 2016.
    Implementation Dates:
     The provisions found at 7 CFR 246.12(h)(3)(xxvii) and 7 
CFR 246.12(z)(2) requiring minimum lane coverage deployment of Point of 
Sale (POS) terminals used to support the WIC Program shall be 
implemented by March 1, 2017.
     The provisions found at 7 CFR 246.12(h)(3)(xxx) and 7 CFR 
246.12(aa)(4)(i) prohibiting a State agency from paying ongoing 
maintenance, processing fees or operational costs for multi-function 
vendor systems and equipment after statewide implementation shall be 
implemented either by March 1, 2018 or the date included in a 
Department-approved plan for continued support for these efforts.
     The provisions found at 7 CFR 246.12(h)(3)(xxxi) and 7 CFR 
246.12(bb)(1) requiring each State agency, contractor and authorized 
vendor to comply with the published operating rules, standards and 
technical requirements and other industry standards identified by the 
Secretary shall be implemented either by March 1, 2018 or the date 
included in a Department-approved plan to incorporate the rules, 
standards and requirements in their system development plan.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerilyn Malliet, Chief, WIC EBT 
Branch, Supplemental Food Programs Division, Food and Nutrition 
Service, USDA, 3101 Park Center Drive, Room 528, Alexandria, Virginia 
22302; phone (703) 305-2746, OR email Jerilyn.Malliet@fns.usda.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Overview

    This final rule addresses public comments submitted in response to 
the proposed rule published in the Federal Register on February 28, 
2013 (78 FR 13549) which incorporated the provisions set forth in the 
HHFKA (Pub. L. 111-296), related to EBT for the WIC Program. The 
Department had previously issued policy and guidance in WIC Policy 
Memorandum #2011-3, issued March 22, 2011, to State agencies on 
implementation of the nondiscretionary provisions of the HHFKA that 
were effective on October 1, 2010. However, select areas of the law 
were discretionary, and therefore public comment was sought in the 
proposed rule. This final rule makes adjustments to improve clarity of 
the provisions set forth in the proposed rule and implements EBT 
requirements for the Program.

II. Background

    Providing WIC participants with a specific prescription of 
supplemental nutritious foods based on their nutritional needs is a 
cornerstone of WIC's mission. Currently, the majority of WIC 
participants receive paper food instruments (FIs) containing their food 
prescription. However, in line with current trends and overall public 
expectation of doing business and receiving services electronically, 
the WIC Program has been gradually transitioning the benefit issuance 
methodology over the past several years from paper FIs to EBT. The use 
of EBT in the WIC Program allows both the WIC Program and its 
participants to use advanced technologies in the delivery of benefits 
and helps support WIC's goal to improve client services. It is well 
recognized and accepted that EBT is by far the preferred method of 
benefit delivery for the WIC Program and it is endorsed by WIC 
participants, authorized vendors and State WIC administrators. The 
Department has continued to support and promote WIC EBT through 
collaborative efforts with WIC State agencies, vendor groups, the 
banking industry, EBT processors and a variety of other EBT 
stakeholders. As State agencies move forward with WIC EBT, it is 
critical that standard business practices, policies and requirements 
are followed to collaboratively expedite EBT implementation and 
maximize resource utilization.
    Given the challenges of the food benefit and technology needed to 
support those complexities and the nationwide WIC EBT implementation 
deadline of October 1, 2020 required by the HHFKA, the provisions in 
this final rule are critical for WIC State agencies, vendors, system 
developers and EBT processors to effectively implement the mandate. 
Establishment of these provisions will promote consistency, save 
resources and streamline EBT implementation, which will ultimately 
reduce barriers as WIC moves to EBT to deliver food benefits. This 
final rule supports and facilitates this transition and addresses many 
important aspects of WIC EBT implementation.

[[Page 10434]]

III. Summary of Comments Received on the Proposed Rule Related to EBT 
in the WIC Program

    The proposed rule amending WIC regulations to incorporate WIC EBT 
provisions as set forth in the HHFKA provided a 90-day public comment 
period on the discretionary provisions of the proposed rule. The 
comment period was later extended by 30 days and ended on June 29, 
2013.
    A total of 45 comment letters were received on the proposed rule; 
of those, 12 comments were form letters. The comment letters were 
submitted from a variety of sources, including 18 WIC State agencies 
and Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs), one from the National WIC 
Association, two from food retailer associations, seven from the 
electronic funds transfer industry including the Electronic Funds 
Transfer Association, 13 from hunger advocacy groups and four from 
members of the public.
    In general, commenters expressed broad support for the proposed EBT 
provisions. Commenters also voiced concerns about various aspects of 
the proposed rule and made recommendations for clarifying or improving 
specific provisions. The Department considered all comments; importance 
was given to the substance of the comment, rather than the number of 
times a comment was submitted.

IV. Discussion of the Final Rule Provisions

1. Definitions: Section 246.2

    The following definitions have been added or modified in the final 
rule:
    Electronic Benefit Transfer. The proposed rule would have added the 
definition of EBT as a food delivery system that provides benefits 
using a card or other access device approved by the Secretary 
permitting electronic access to WIC Program benefits. Five comments 
were received on the definition of EBT; three were in full support of 
the definition as proposed. One commenter suggested the WIC Program use 
the plural ``benefits,'' citing that the Supplemental Nutrition 
Assistance Program (SNAP) uses the plural form and the two programs 
should be consistent. After verifying SNAP EBT regulations use the 
singular ``benefit'' in its definition of EBT at 7 CFR 274.12(b)(1), 
the definition retains the singular ``benefit'' as proposed which 
results in consistency between the two programs in using ``benefit'' 
rather than ``benefits''.
    The remaining comment on the definition of EBT stated that EBT is a 
form of payment for WIC food benefits, not a food delivery system. The 
Department agrees with this comment and has modified the definition 
accordingly in the final rule. This final rule adds the definition of 
electronic benefit transfer at Sec.  246.2 as follows: Electronic 
Benefit Transfer (EBT) means a method that permits electronic access to 
WIC food benefits using a card or other access device approved by the 
Secretary.
    Cash-Value Voucher/Cash-Value Benefit. Two comments were received 
in support of expanding the definition of cash value voucher to 
acknowledge that in an EBT environment a cash value voucher is also a 
cash value benefit. Therefore, this final rule retains the definition 
of ``cash-value voucher/cash-value benefit'' at Sec.  246.2 as 
proposed.
    Participant Violation. As proposed, the definition of participant 
violation would be expanded to include the sale of cash-value vouchers, 
food instruments and EBT cards, or supplemental foods by participants 
and further expanded to specifically address the offer to sell WIC 
benefits in person, in print or online. As technology has advanced, 
opportunities to sell benefits have expanded to avenues such as the 
Internet. Protecting the integrity of the Program has always been a 
primary objective of the Department and WIC State agencies. The 
Department received 18 comments on the proposed change to the 
definition of participant violation. Three commenters were in full 
support of the change. Three commenters were in support of the change, 
but noted it is difficult for WIC State agencies to prove WIC-approved 
food items offered for sale by WIC participants are WIC benefits; 
therefore, the commenters recommended the Department establish, through 
regulation, the burden of proof required to impose a sanction on a 
participant suspected of selling WIC benefits. One of these commenters 
recommended removing the burden of proof from the WIC State agency 
altogether by making it a participant violation for a participant, 
caregiver or proxy to sell or offer to sell any item within the food 
package (or the food packages of any infants or children in his/her 
care). Since State agency administrative rules and procedures vary 
widely, the Department has opted not to establish the burden of proof 
in the regulatory definition of participant violation. It is incumbent 
upon WIC State agencies to work with their legal counsel and 
appropriate law enforcement agencies to determine the best course of 
action in situations where WIC participants are found to be selling or 
offering to sell food items they may have received as WIC benefits.
    Twelve comments noted the word ``intent,'' as used in the expanded 
definition of participant violation in the proposed rule, was too broad 
and could result in the sanctioning of a WIC participant who merely 
spoke of or thought about selling WIC benefits, but took no further 
action. The Department concurs and the word ``intent'' has been 
replaced with ``deliberate'' as this more accurately conveys what is 
meant in the revised definition.
    Eleven comments suggested the Department provide guidance on the 
types of policies WIC State agencies could develop in the future to 
address emerging issues. The WIC regulations already provide a 
framework for the types of policies State agencies may create for a 
variety of situations. The Department will continue to provide 
technical support to State agencies as issues emerge.
    One commenter opposed the change and stated that WIC participants 
should not be sanctioned unless it is proven they sold WIC benefits. 
Given the importance of giving State agencies maximum flexibility to 
manage participant violations and to improve program integrity, the 
final rule slightly modifies the proposed definition of ``participant 
violation'' by substituting the word ``deliberate'' for ``intent,'' but 
otherwise retains the definition as proposed. Further, to ensure 
participants are aware that selling or offering to sell cash value 
vouchers, food instruments, EBT cards or supplemental foods is a 
participant violation, the final rule adds, at Sec.  246.7(j)(10), a 
requirement for State agencies to include such a statement in the 
notification of rights and responsibilities provided to applicants and 
participants or their parents or caretakers.
    Three commenters suggested adding a definition for ``EBT Ready'' or 
``EBT Capable'' to clarify what equipment is required to support WIC as 
an authorized vendor and what the State agency would need to authorize 
the vendor. The Department recognizes these terms may cause confusion 
and thus a new definition of ``EBT Capable'' is added to Sec.  246.2. 
The regulations no longer refer to ``EBT Ready,'' which has the same 
meaning as EBT Capable.
    EBT Capable shall mean the WIC vendor demonstrates that their cash 
register system or payment device can accurately and securely obtain 
WIC food balances associated with an EBT card, maintain the necessary 
files such as the authorized product list, hot card file and claim file 
and successfully complete WIC EBT purchases. In accordance with the EBT 
Operating Rules, a State agency

[[Page 10435]]

may accept a cash register system or payment device as EBT Capable if 
it has been certified by another State agency. Certification criteria 
will be discussed later in this rulemaking.
    Also, based on these comments, the Department added a new 
definition for Statewide EBT. Statewide EBT means the State agency has 
converted all WIC clinics to EBT and all authorized vendors are capable 
of transacting WIC EBT purchases. This definition allows State agencies 
to identify a unique and easily verifiable date when new WIC vendors 
must prove that they are EBT Capable. The new definition for Statewide 
EBT has been added to Sec.  246.2.
    Several industry and State agency commenters indicated that the 
cost and deployment of equipment provisions in Sec.  246.12(z) and 
Sec.  246.12(aa) were confusing. The Department agrees with these 
comments and has added two definitions--one definition for single-
function equipment and one definition for multi-function equipment. The 
use of common definitions for these terms is designed to clarify the 
discussion in the preamble below and the regulation itself.
    Multi-function equipment means Point-of-Sale equipment obtained by 
a WIC vendor through commercial suppliers that is capable of supporting 
WIC EBT and other payment tender types.
    Single-function equipment means Point-of-Sale equipment, such as 
barcode scanners, card readers, PIN pads and printers, provided to an 
authorized WIC vendor solely for WIC EBT. Single-function equipment is 
provided by the State agency or its contractor.

2. Statewide Implementation of EBT by October 1, 2020 and Exemptions: 
Sections 246.12(a) and 246.12(w)(2)

    Section 17(h)(12)(B) of the CNA (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) requires 
that each State agency implement EBT throughout the State by October 1, 
2020, unless the Secretary grants an exemption. The proposed rule 
reflected these requirements by amending Sec.  246.12(a) to add the 
statewide implementation requirement of EBT by October 1, 2020 and by 
providing information and requirements on allowable exemption criteria 
at Sec.  246.12(w)(2). In total, 26 comments were received on these 
provisions, of which 19 were in full support of the provisions as 
proposed.
    Generally, commenters expressed support for the EBT mandate that 
each State agency achieve statewide EBT by October 1, 2020. However, 
four commenters expressed concern that insufficient funding would delay 
or prohibit EBT implementation nationwide. The Department fully 
recognizes dedicated and sustained funding is critical to help State 
agencies implement EBT. The Department will continue to assist State 
agencies with their EBT implementation efforts, including exploring 
strategies to help make WIC EBT more affordable. As the mandate is 
legislatively required, however, the implementation date will remain as 
proposed at Sec.  246.12(a).
    Section 17(h)(12)(C) of the CNA authorizes the Secretary to grant 
exemptions to the statewide EBT requirement if the State agency can 
demonstrate one or more of the following: (1) There are unusual 
technical barriers; (2) operational costs of EBT are unaffordable 
within the nutrition services and administration (NSA) grant; or (3) it 
is in the best interest of the Program. In general, commenters 
expressed support for the exemptions provision, but again had concerns 
about the affordability of EBT, the need for a cost analysis and 
uncertainty as to what constitutes ``is in the best interest of the 
Program.''
    Pursuant to section 17(h)(12)(C) of the CNA, an exemption to EBT 
implementation may be requested if a State agency can demonstrate to 
the satisfaction of the Secretary that EBT is not operationally 
affordable. When the proposed rule was published, all WIC State 
agencies would have been required to conduct a cost analysis during 
their EBT planning process in order to ensure EBT operational costs 
after implementation are affordable within their individual NSA grant. 
The requirements of FNS Handbook 901, which outlines the approval 
requirements for State agency technical projects, to include EBT, have 
since been streamlined and a cost analysis is no longer required of a 
State agency. This procedural change addresses commenters' concerns 
regarding the requirement to conduct a cost analysis for EBT approval. 
If a State agency requests an affordability exemption, the State agency 
must analyze costs to determine EBT affordability and provide this 
analysis to the Department. Accordingly, the provision allowing an 
exemption if EBT operational costs are not affordable within a State 
agency's NSA grant is retained in the final rule at Sec.  
246.12(w)(2)(ii) as proposed.
    While the majority of commenters were in full support of the 
proposed language at Sec.  246.12(w)(2)(iii), one commenter sought 
further clarification on what constitutes an allowable exemption based 
on ``is in the best interest of the Program.'' The Department is 
hesitant to establish regulatory criteria specifying scenarios or 
situations that would constitute such an exemption. Although EBT 
implementation by October 1, 2020 is mandated by law, the Department 
remains cognizant of the impact of EBT implementation on State 
agencies, vendors and WIC participants. There may be unusual 
circumstances within the State agency which may indicate EBT would not 
improve benefit delivery or would negatively affect WIC participants. 
Since this type of exemption would arise on a situational basis, the 
Department will evaluate each request on a case-by-case basis to 
determine if such an exemption would be in the best interest of the WIC 
Program. Therefore, Sec.  246.12(w)(2)(iii) of this final rule retains 
the proposed language allowing an exemption to EBT implementation if a 
State agency demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary such an 
exemption would be in the best interest of the Program.
    No comments were received on the provision regarding exemptions 
based on unusual technological barriers; therefore, this provision 
remains as proposed at Sec.  246.12(w)(2)(i).
    Under the proposed rule, Sec.  246.12(w)(3) would have limited 
approved exemptions to no more than three years, as the Department 
thought this is a reasonable timeframe for a State agency's situation 
to change relative to the ability to implement EBT. Further, if an 
exemption is granted, it would not relieve a WIC State agency of the 
annual EBT status reporting requirement proposed in Sec.  246.4(a), as 
the State agency would still have to demonstrate its progress toward 
EBT statewide implementation. One commenter noted it would be highly 
unlikely a State agency receiving a three-year exemption on the basis 
of affordability would suddenly be able to afford EBT three years 
later. The Department understands this concern; however, technology 
costs tend to trend downward over time and the concern in part rests on 
speculation regarding the State agency's ability to obtain the needed 
funds in three years. While such cost trends are not possible to 
predict at this time, an exemption of three years continues to place 
responsibility on each WIC State agency to continue exploring options 
for implementing EBT within their funding level. Additional exemptions 
may be granted on a case by case basis within the criteria described in 
this regulation. Also, the State agency may realize cost efficiencies 
in other areas of nutrition services and administration which result in 
more funds within the grant being available to support EBT costs.

[[Page 10436]]

Consequently, the provision limiting any exemption to the 2020 mandate 
to a three year period is retained in this final rule at Sec.  
246.12(w)(3).

3. Electronic Benefit Requirements. Last Date of Use--Section 
246.12(x)(2)(iii)

    The Department proposed in Sec.  246.12(x)(2)(iii) the last date on 
which the electronic benefit may be used to obtain authorized 
supplemental foods. This date must be a minimum of 30 days from the 
first date on which it may be used to obtain authorized supplemental 
foods except for the participant's first month of issuance, when it may 
be the end of the month or cycle for which the electronic benefit is 
valid. Several commenters expressed concern that because benefit months 
may vary in length from 28 to 31 days, this language required 
additional clarification. In 2007, the Department issued Policy 
Memorandum 2007-01, permitting a State agency to issue a food benefit 
from the first of the month through the last day of the month. To 
clarify further, the Department added language to Sec.  
246.12(x)(2)(iii) based upon our 2007 policy memorandum, permitting a 
State agency to shorten the 30-day benefit period for February to 28 or 
29 days. A conforming amendment has been made to Sec.  
246.12(f)(2)(iii).

4. EBT Management and Reporting: Section 246.12(y)

    Section 17(h)(12)(B) and (D) of the CNA require that each State 
agency be responsible for WIC EBT coordination and implementation and 
provide status reports on their EBT implementation progress. The 
proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(y) outlined EBT management and reporting 
requirements, to include that State agencies must follow the Advanced 
Planning Document (APD) process, consult with State officials if 
incorporating additional programs in the WIC EBT project, have an 
active EBT planning project by August 1, 2016 and submit EBT status 
reports through their annual State Plan.
    The APD process requires the State agency to submit Planning and 
Implementation APD's and appropriate updates for the Department's 
approval for their EBT project. Only one comment was received related 
to this provision. The commenter noted the need to streamline the APD 
process to promote faster implementation timeframes, especially given 
the fact that both on-line and off-line technologies are proven and 
cost-effective. After publication of the proposed rule, the Department 
revised the APD process for WIC EBT project approvals in order to 
streamline and improve the outcomes of the Planning APD (PAPD) and 
Implementation APD (IAPD). These changes have been published in a 
revised FNS Handbook 901. In particular, the PAPD no longer requires a 
cost analysis, which was discussed earlier in this preamble, or an 
alternatives analysis, which specifically evaluated on-line and off-
line technologies to determine the best option for the State agency. 
The alternatives analysis was determined to be optional as many State 
agencies already know which technology choice is optimal for their 
State. If, however, a State agency anticipates the need for an 
exemption to implement EBT based on affordability, or is unsure of the 
best technological approach to EBT, the Department continues to support 
and encourage State agencies to complete further analyses.
    Recognizing the need for and the benefits of thorough planning and 
project management to fully meet the requirements to receive approval 
for Federal funding for EBT established by the Department, the 
provision requiring State agencies to follow Department APD 
requirements is retained in this final rule as proposed at Sec.  
246.12(y)(1).
    Under the proposed rule, State agencies would have been required to 
consult with other benefit programs if they were considering obtaining 
an EBT benefit delivery method supporting WIC and one or more other 
benefit programs. One commenter representing vendors recommended the 
Department take this consultation a step further and require State 
agencies planning for WIC EBT to consult with State officials 
administering SNAP EBT in their respective State, regardless of whether 
a joint benefit delivery method is planned. The commenter noted the 
significant overlap in participation and authorized vendors between WIC 
and SNAP and suggested that every effort should be made to integrate 
the two Programs' benefit delivery methods. The Department recognizes 
the potential benefits of the two State agencies consulting on EBT 
implementation options and encourages WIC State agencies to work with 
SNAP officials when appropriate. However, we believe the provision is 
adequate as proposed due to WIC State agency variability in 
infrastructure, policy requirements or other factors. Consequently, the 
final rule retains the provision as proposed at Sec.  246.12(y)(2) 
requiring consultation with State agency officials if a State agency 
plans to incorporate additional programs in the WIC EBT system.
    To ensure progress is made towards the goal of nationwide EBT 
implementation by October 1, 2020, the proposed rule at Sec.  
246.12(y)(3) would have required each State agency to have an active 
WIC EBT project by October 1, 2015. An active EBT project is defined as 
a formal process of planning, implementation or statewide operation of 
WIC EBT. Four commenters were in full support of this requirement as 
proposed and three commenters asked for additional flexibility in the 
timeframe due to extenuating circumstances and/or lack of funding. The 
Department recognizes planning and implementation for EBT projects is a 
lengthy and complex process and lack of funding may be an inhibiting 
factor in some State agencies. However, the magnitude of executing a 
WIC EBT project requires dedicated staff and resources and should not 
be underestimated; a typical EBT project currently takes 2-3 years to 
progress from planning to implementation of EBT statewide. As the EBT 
implementation mandate is required by law, it is incumbent upon each 
State agency to begin the planning process well ahead of the mandate to 
ensure compliance. Therefore and consistent with this concern, the 
provision requiring an active EBT project by October 1, 2015, is 
modified in this final rule at Sec.  246.12(y)(3) to require each State 
agency to submit a plan 90 days after the effective date of this 
regulation.
    The Department also recognizes that some WIC State agencies operate 
in remote areas with limited access to vendors who can provide WIC 
foods. In some instances, these State agencies have implemented food 
delivery methods such as direct delivery to meet the needs of their WIC 
participants. There are other State agencies with substantial cost 
concerns or other considerations they believe would qualify for an 
exemption under the CNA. The Department understands these 
considerations but continues to expect State agencies to initiate an 
EBT planning initiative to formally explore the viability of EBT in 
their area of operation. The planning process will enable the State 
agency to gather appropriate information on available implementation 
alternatives and assess if an exemption is warranted.
    Pursuant to section 17(h)(12)(D) of the CNA, each WIC State agency 
must submit to the Department an EBT project status report to 
demonstrate the progress of the State agency toward statewide 
implementation. Under the proposed rule, Sec.  246.4(a) and Sec.  
246.12(y)(4) would have required an annual update of the State agency's 
goals and objectives regarding EBT implementation to be submitted as 
part of the State agency's State Plan of

[[Page 10437]]

Operations. The annual update would also document the State agency's 
progress toward accomplishing EBT implementation by the 2020 deadline, 
or if already implemented statewide, address any updated information 
for future EBT activities, plans for EBT updates, re-procurements, or 
other major activities impacting EBT. The Department received 11 
comments regarding the annual reporting requirement, most of which were 
supportive of the proposal. Several recommended that a report not be 
required from a State agency if there were no changes to EBT operations 
since last report. One commenter also recommended a bi-annual reporting 
cycle rather than an annual cycle.
    The Department recognizes the time and effort State agencies incur 
gathering information and reporting to the Department. However, the 
status of EBT implementation is of interest to Congress and many of the 
Program's stakeholders and has critical resource implications. Since 
the State Plan of Operations is updated annually, the Department 
believes the proposed requirement is both timely and consistent with 
current annual reporting requirements and is well understood by State 
agencies and provides the necessary information the Department requires 
for adequate oversight of the EBT implementation mandate. Regarding the 
proposed requirement at Sec.  246.12(y)(4)(ii) requiring an annual 
State Plan update for State agencies operating statewide EBT, the 
Department believes this is necessary to inform the Department of any 
information impacting EBT operations, to include new EBT procurements. 
To minimize the reporting burden, a State agency that is EBT statewide 
may indicate no changes have occurred since the previous reporting 
period, if appropriate. A State agency with an active EBT APD may cross 
reference the details from the APD in their annual State Plan update to 
minimize the reporting burden. Consequently, the provisions for 
requiring annual EBT project status reporting through the annual State 
Plan are retained in this final rule as proposed at Sec.  246.4(a) and 
Sec.  246.12(y)(4).

5. EBT Cost Impositions on Vendors: Sections 246.12(h)(3)(xxvii-xxx) 
and 246.12(aa)

    Section 17(h)(12)(E)(i) of the CNA prohibits the imposition of 
costs on vendors for EBT equipment and systems used solely to support 
the program (i.e., single-function equipment). Sections 
17(h)(12)(E)(ii) and (iii) of the CNA outline requirements for cost 
sharing of EBT equipment or systems not solely dedicated to transacting 
WIC EBT and guidelines for imposing processing and interchange fees and 
costs on vendors transacting WIC benefits. The CNA provisions related 
to cost impositions on vendors were incorporated into the proposed rule 
at Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxvii-xxx) and Sec.  246.12(aa). A total of 73 
comments were received on these provisions and are discussed below.
    Cost Prohibitions. Section 17(h)(12)(E)(i) of the CNA prohibits the 
imposition of costs on authorized vendors for single-function EBT 
equipment and systems. Two comments were received directly related to 
this provision, voicing concern that the potentially high costs 
associated with EBT equipment incurred by the retailer might be 
prohibitive, resulting in the retailer deciding WIC authorization is no 
longer viable. While the Department understands these concerns, the 
full costs of WIC single-function equipment will be borne by the State 
agency prior to statewide implementation and appropriate cost sharing 
will occur for multi-function cash register equipment and systems. This 
should eliminate undue hardships on WIC authorized vendors prior to 
statewide implementation. Therefore, the proposed provision has been 
modified at Section 246.12(aa)(4) to clarify the State shall continue 
to pay ongoing maintenance, processing fees and operational costs of 
single-function equipment when EBT is implemented statewide.. Section 
246.12(g)(5) has been removed because the CNA superseded the prior cost 
prohibition language.
    Criteria for Cost Sharing. Section 17(h)(12)(E)(ii) of the CNA 
requires the Secretary to establish cost sharing criteria to be used by 
WIC State agencies and vendors for equipment or systems that are not 
solely dedicated to transacting EBT for the WIC Program (i.e., multi-
function equipment). Under the proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(aa)(2), 
State agencies would have been required to use cost sharing criteria in 
accordance with Federal cost principles set forth in 2 CFR part 200 
(Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principals and Audit 
Requirements for Federal Awards) to establish cost sharing criteria 
with their authorized WIC vendors for costs associated with any multi-
function equipment.
    A total of 13 comments were received on the cost sharing criteria 
provision. One commenter was in full support of the provision as 
proposed. Five commenters were supportive, but requested clarification 
on terminology and expansion on the provision. Seven commenters were 
opposed to the provision, stating the proposed regulation was not 
consistent with the HHFKA, may be cost prohibitive for State agencies, 
or did not allow for State agency flexibility.
    A number of commenters wanted clarification and expressed concern 
regarding what is meant by the term ``equipment'' as it applies to this 
provision, some suggesting the term ``commercial equipment'' be used 
when referring to the need for cost sharing criteria. While the 
Department recognizes the provision applies primarily to multi-function 
equipment or systems, the Department does not want to limit the type of 
equipment or system that may be subject to cost sharing. The 
Department, as explained earlier in the preamble, refers to multi-
function equipment to include commercial equipment. To clarify, 
``equipment'' can refer to commercially-obtained hardware with WIC EBT 
software owned or leased by a vendor from any of the cash register and 
payment system providers available in the market. Multi-function 
equipment can also refer to stand-beside equipment (and appropriate 
software) such as a card reader (magnetic stripe and/or smart card), 
display screen, PIN pad, printer and barcode scanner which are not 
integrated into the cash register. The stand-beside equipment may be a 
limited Point of Sale (POS) device with WIC EBT functionality, a POS 
device supporting WIC EBT and SNAP or cash EBT payments, or it may be 
an integrated cash register system installed separately in the checkout 
lane next to the existing electronic cash register. Ownership of the 
equipment can rest with the vendor, a third-party provider such as an 
acquirer, the State agency, or the State agency contractor. Other items 
considered equipment or part of EBT include a telephone line or 
Internet connection to submit purchases for an on-line approval, to 
submit daily EBT claim files for payment in an off-line environment, or 
to exchange the Authorized Product List (APL) and other files necessary 
to support a WIC EBT purchase.
    Several commenters asked for clarification on whether the cost 
sharing requirement should be between the WIC Program and SNAP, rather 
than the vendor, if the stand-beside equipment supports both programs. 
Additional concerns were raised related to perceived discrepancies in 
the regulatory language in the cost sharing section and minimum lane 
coverage section regarding EBT equipment, with the point being made 
that as stated in the proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(aa)(2), WIC Program 
equipment would only be

[[Page 10438]]

provided for use by the State agency as Stand-beside equipment and used 
solely by the Program and would therefore not be subject to cost 
sharing agreements.
    If the equipment is single-function equipment, it is not subject to 
cost sharing. However, if the equipment is multi-function equipment, a 
cost sharing agreement between the State agency and vendor would be 
required if any costs are shared. Such agreements may reflect other 
state programs that may be included in the agreement. The Department 
has revised Sec.  246.12(aa)(2) to clarify that cost sharing agreements 
shall be developed between the State agency and the vendor, depending 
on the type, scope and capabilities of shared equipment.
    One commenter requested a review of the HHFKA language that 
corresponded with the provision set forth in the proposed rule, stating 
the proposed rule indicated State agencies shall establish cost sharing 
criteria, but the HHFKA indicated the Secretary shall establish 
criteria for cost-sharing. As discussed in the preamble language of the 
proposed rule, shared costs must be allocated, or fairly distributed, 
among all benefiting parties in accordance with the established Federal 
cost principles set out at 2 CFR part 200. Compliance with these 
Federal principles provides reasonable assurance the Federal Government 
and the State agency bear their respective fair share of costs incurred 
by the State agency to administer Federal assistance programs. To 
provide clarification and consistency and to ensure regulatory language 
does not become outdated/obsolete, this provision has been revised at 
Sec.  246.12(aa)(2), requiring State agencies to develop cost sharing 
criteria following the Federal guidance established for cost allocation 
principles. This clarification underscores that Federal cost guidance 
establishes cost allocation principles, as required by the HHFKA and 
State agencies will use these principles to develop cost sharing 
criteria. The specific proposed reference to 2 CFR part 225 has been 
replaced by a general reference to Federal cost allocation principles 
to mitigate confusion in the future should the Federal regulations be 
revised or renumbered. The cost principles now reside at 2 CFR part 
200.
    To date, the Department has remained flexible in its approval of 
proposed State agency cost sharing criteria because of differences in 
State agency funding and operations that lead to variations; 
consequently, one set of cost sharing criteria does not fit all. To 
provide reasonable assurance Federal cost allocation principles are 
being followed and the approach is applied fairly to all authorized WIC 
vendors, the State agency must furnish its allocation and/or cost 
sharing methodology to the Department for review and approval before 
incurring costs as part of the established APD approval process 
outlined in Handbook 901. As noted previously, Sec.  246.12(y)(1) of 
the final rule requires adherence to the APD process.
    Processing Fees. As provided in section 17(h)(12)(E)(iii)(I) of the 
CNA and incorporated into the proposed rule at Sec.  
246.12(h)(3)(xxviii) and Sec.  246.12(aa)(3)(i), WIC authorized vendors 
would have been required to pay commercial processing costs and fees if 
multi-function equipment was utilized for WIC and other transactions. A 
vendor using multi-function equipment would pay commercial transaction 
processing costs and fees, imposed by a third-party processor, if the 
vendor elects to use commercial providers to connect to the State's EBT 
processing system. Five comments were received on this provision. Three 
were in full support of the proposed requirement and two commenters 
requested the Department to clarify: (1) The provision applies only to 
multi-function equipment; and (2) the complete regulatory language for 
this provision. While this final rule at Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxviii) and 
Sec.  246.12(aa)(3)(i) retains the intent of the proposed provision 
prohibiting State agencies from incurring third-party processing costs 
and fees for vendors that elect to accept EBT using multi-function 
equipment, the regulatory language has been modified slightly at Sec.  
246.12(aa)(3)(i) for clarity.
    As noted, typically processing fees are not charged to vendors who 
accept WIC EBT equipment from a State agency or its contracted EBT 
provider if the equipment is single-function equipment. A WIC State 
agency is responsible for these processing fees and ongoing costs. The 
proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(aa)(4)(i) would have permitted such 
processing fees to be charged to all WIC vendors after statewide 
implementation whether or not the equipment was single-function or 
multi-function. In response to related comments not specific to this 
provision; the proposed language is modified in the final rule at Sec.  
246.12(aa)(4)(i) to prohibit processing fees from being charged by a 
State agency or its contractor to WIC vendors for use of single-
function equipment.
    Interchange Fees. Section 17(h)(12)(E)(iii)(II) prohibits 
interchange fees on WIC EBT transactions. An interchange fee is the 
term used in the payment card industry to describe a fee paid between 
banks for the acceptance of card based transactions. Interchange fees 
are currently paid by retail merchants for credit and debit card 
transactions in the commercial environment, but not for WIC or SNAP EBT 
transactions. Under the proposed rule, interchange fees would not have 
applied to WIC EBT. Additionally, language reflecting this prohibition 
would have been added to WIC vendor agreements, prohibiting the WIC 
vendor from charging the State agency for any interchange fees. Eight 
commenters addressed the proposed provision; seven were in full support 
of the proposed prohibition and one commenter was in support but 
requested the language be made clearer in the final rule. Consequently, 
the provisions prohibiting interchange fees from applying to WIC are 
modified slightly in the final rule at Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxix) and 
Sec.  246.12(aa)(3)(ii) and clearly state that a State agency shall not 
pay or reimburse the vendor for interchange fees on WIC EBT 
transactions.
    Costs After Statewide Implementation. Section 17(h)(12)(E)(iv)(I) 
of the CNA permits State agencies that have implemented EBT statewide 
to no longer be required to incur the cost of ongoing maintenance of 
EBT multi-function cash register systems and equipment. Under the 
proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxx) and Sec.  246.12(aa)(4)(i), 
all costs for ongoing maintenance, equipment and operational expenses 
essential to and directly attributable to, EBT after statewide 
expansion would have been unallowable for both single-function and 
multi-function equipment, unless the State agency determined the vendor 
was needed for participant access.
    The Department received numerous comments regarding the proposed 
regulations pertaining to vendor equipment and maintenance costs. Four 
comments in support of this requirement were received from WIC State 
agencies and participant advocates. Two large national retailer 
associations expressed concern the proposed elimination of State-
supported single-function EBT equipment was not consistent with the 
HHFKA and would require vendors to shoulder the financial costs 
associated with EBT implementation. A payment industry association 
expressed concern the proposed requirement to eliminate State agency 
financing of single-function equipment may have a chilling effect on 
expansion of WIC EBT nationwide by 2020. Several commenters from the 
industry and State agencies urged the

[[Page 10439]]

Department to clarify whether the provision applied only to commercial 
equipment owned by a WIC vendor versus equipment installed and owned by 
a State agency or its EBT contractor.
    After consideration of these comments, the Department has modified 
the final regulation to require a State agency to continue support of 
ongoing maintenance, processing fees and operational costs for single-
function equipment or multi-function equipment if the vendor is 
necessary for participant access.
    Two commenters raised concern that prohibiting ongoing maintenance 
fees after statewide implementation would not support small businesses 
or grocers in rural areas not able to afford an integrated system or 
ongoing maintenance costs, but who may be integral to the program in 
regards to participant access to benefits. The Department understands 
this concern. To remain consistent with legislative exceptions 
permitting State agencies to provide single-function equipment on 
behalf of the vendor, the provisions in this final rule at Sec.  
246.12(h)(3)(xxx) and Sec.  246.12(aa)(4)(i) have been revised to 
require the State agency to pay ongoing maintenance and operational 
costs for single-function EBT equipment. A State agency may elect to 
share in the costs for multi-function equipment if the State agency 
determines the vendor is necessary for participant access. The wording 
was changed from ``needed'' for participant access to ``necessary'' for 
participant access to align with the legislative language and to 
clarify the intent of the provision. Additionally, a technical 
amendment is added to Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxx) to correct a 
typographical error in the title in the proposed rule, clarifying the 
provision applies to EBT ongoing maintenance and operational costs.
    One advocate organization commented that farmers and farmers' 
markets should be given special consideration in applying the 
provisions of the post-statewide equipment installation rules which 
preclude State agencies from sharing in the cost of WIC EBT equipment. 
While the Department shares in the goal of enhancing access to fresh 
fruit and vegetables made available by farmers and farmers markets, it 
could be cost prohibitive for State agencies to equip every authorized 
farmer or farmers' market. Therefore, Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(xxx) and Sec.  
246.12(aa) of the regulation have been amended to apply to all 
authorized WIC vendors and also apply to authorized farmers and farmers 
markets and prohibit costs for ongoing maintenance, equipment and 
operational expenses of an EBT benefit delivery method after EBT 
statewide, if the equipment is multi-functional.
    Capability To Accept EBT Benefits. Section 246.12(aa)(4)(ii) of the 
proposed rule provided that once a State agency has implemented EBT 
statewide, WIC vendor applicants would have been required to 
demonstrate their capability to accept WIC EBT benefits electronically 
prior to authorization. In essence, the applying vendor would have been 
required to be ``EBT capable'' at the time they applied and there would 
have been no obligation for the State agency to provide funds to cover 
EBT costs in order for the vendor to participate in the program. When 
there is a need to ensure participant access to food benefits, a State 
agency would have been permitted, with USDA approval, to fund applicant 
vendor costs to obtain an EBT capable cash register system.
    A total of 19 comments were received on this proposed provision. 
Seven comments, all from WIC State agencies, were in full support of 
the proposal, noting it is a vendor's decision to seek WIC 
authorization and WIC Program funds should not be used for this purpose 
except if participant access is an issue. Other commenters expressed 
concerns as to the meaning of EBT capable/EBT ready, the upfront 
investment needed by the vendor to become EBT capable without 
assurances the vendor's application for WIC would be accepted and the 
disadvantage that smaller vendors would face due to cost constraints.
    To address several commenters' questions and concerns on what EBT 
capable means, a broader discussion follows. WIC EBT delivery methods 
require the capability to process WIC EBT benefits by exchanging claim 
files and hot card files in off-line environment and transmitting on-
line purchases to the EBT host for approval, which requires either a 
telephone or Internet line. Both on-line and off-line WIC EBT delivery 
methods require transmittal of the approved product list (APL), the 
electronic food list distributed by each State agency, at least every 
48 hours.
    WIC EBT also requires the vendor system to maintain the APL in 
order to match scanned food items' UPC (Universal Product Code) or 
Price Lookup Codes (PLU) to ensure they are on a States' APL. The one 
to one match is not necessary in a SNAP EBT transaction; consequently a 
SNAP authorized retailer does not necessarily have the capability to 
support WIC EBT transactions.
    Therefore, WIC EBT capable would mean the vendor equipment and 
software is able to accurately scan or enter WIC food item UPC/PLU 
codes, match them to the APL, determine if the WIC food balance on the 
participant's card is sufficient to purchase the item and calculate the 
amount of the transaction. The vendor must also submit a claim file for 
payment in off-line EBT environment. The electronic cash register 
system must do this while managing WIC and non-WIC items (if multi-
functional), the sales tax for non-WIC items and a variety of 
promotions or discounts, as appropriate.
    Several comments were received regarding concerns that significant 
investments in cash register equipment and software may be incurred by 
a vendor who is applying for authorization to accept WIC before the 
vendor is determined to be eligible by a WIC State agency. A commenter 
suggested a two-stage vendor authorization process for State agencies 
to provide provisional authorization that a vendor could receive if 
they met a State agency's vendor criteria before determining their EBT 
capability. The Department is not requiring new vendor authorization 
criteria in this rulemaking. Nonetheless, we recognize a two-step 
authorization process may be a practical approach for a State agency to 
consider. To assist applicant vendors in selecting an EBT capable 
system, State agencies should compile and maintain a list of certified 
systems the applicant can consider. This list would neither represent 
an endorsement for the listed systems nor prevent a prospective vendor 
from obtaining a different system.
    One commenter representing a State agency expressed concern that 
the return on investment made prior to statewide operations was not 
defined in the proposed rulemaking. The commenter suggested that if a 
State agency shared in the cost of implementation, policies should be 
established to allow recovery of a prorated share of the investment if 
the vendor was terminated (voluntary or involuntary). State agencies 
already have this ability, as current Department guidelines permit 
State agencies to recoup a portion of any investment in vendor 
equipment in the event of termination. The Department does not believe 
this should be included in Federal regulations; rather, the Department 
recommends this be addressed in appropriate State agency policy and 
vendor agreements.
    One commenter representing a retailer association expressed concern 
that State agencies should have flexibility to share in the cost of 
retail equipment and software certifications even after the State 
agency implements EBT statewide.

[[Page 10440]]

To date, State agencies have conducted tests to certify that a specific 
cash register system is capable of supporting all WIC EBT functions. 
The commenter further noted that the proposed rule was not clear on 
what constituted the requirements or timeframes of determining EBT 
capability. The commenter expressed concern this uncertainty could 
negatively impact the authorization of new chain stores or small 
businesses if a new EBT system or third party processor is used. The 
Department recognizes some situations may result in a significant 
increase in vendor costs for certification and may lengthen 
authorization timeframes. The Department encourages State agencies to 
work with new vendors seeking WIC authorization to minimize costs and 
timeframes to become an authorized WIC vendor. However, while the 
Department understands vendors may incur additional costs related to 
certifications after statewide EBT is achieved, the primary concern is 
to ensure participant access to WIC benefits. Therefore, as stated in 
the proposed rule, the State agency would have the option to elect to 
fund such an expense in the event there was a need to ensure WIC 
participant access.
    The Department acknowledges and appreciates the various viewpoints 
and comments submitted related to vendor capability to accept WIC EBT 
benefits. However, the language in the proposed rule that would have 
required the vendor demonstrate EBT capability prior to authorization 
unless the vendor is determined to be necessary for participant access 
is considered appropriate and necessary and complies with the CNA. The 
Department has modified the proposed language at Sec.  
246.12(aa)(4)(ii) to further clarify the requirement for vendors to 
demonstrate their systems are EBT capable.

6. Minimum Lane Coverage Guidelines

    Section 17(h)(12)(F) of the CNA requires that the Department 
establish a minimum standard for installing WIC EBT equipment, or 
terminals, in WIC vendor locations. The proposed rule at Sec.  
246.12(z)(2) provided a national WIC EBT vendor equipment coverage 
formula that would have been consistent from state-to-state and 
established a minimum level of equipage for POS terminals used to 
support the WIC Program. The proposal was consistent with the 
legislative requirement to establish national standards for 
implementation of WIC EBT, including standards for lane coverage for 
payment terminals to accept WIC EBT transactions. These minimum 
standards apply to all systems and equipment used to support WIC EBT, 
whether the equipment is multi-functional or used solely for the WIC 
Program.
    Section 246.12(z)(2) of the proposed rule would have required a WIC 
EBT equipment installation formula similar to the SNAP equipment 
installation requirements. Specifically, under the proposed rule, WIC 
vendors would have been required to install a commercial multi-function 
terminal or a government-provided stand-beside terminal in their 
checkout lanes as follows: For superstores and supermarkets, one POS 
terminal for every $11,000 in monthly WIC redemption; and, for all 
other authorized WIC vendors, one terminal for every $8,000 in monthly 
WIC redemption. As a vendor's WIC redemption reaches the next equipment 
threshold, they would be eligible for an additional terminal if 
equipped by the State agency under the formula proposed by the 
Department or an alternate formula approved by the Department. POS 
terminals would have been installed up to a maximum of four lanes, but 
not more than the number of lanes in a WIC vendor location. This 
formula does not require all lanes to be equipped for stores conducting 
more than 15 percent or more of their food sales in WIC business, which 
differs from the SNAP regulations but is consistent with the provisions 
in the CNA. The proposed rule would have allowed a State agency to use 
an alternative installation formula with Department approval. 
Additionally, Sec.  246.12(z)(2)(iii) of the proposed rule would have 
required a State agency to determine the number of terminals that would 
be installed to support authorized farmers or farmers' markets.
    This section of the proposed rule received 26 comments from State 
agencies, advocates, WIC vendor associations and members of the 
electronic funds transfer industry. Many commenters expressed concern 
that the proposed lane coverage guidelines may be cost prohibitive for 
State agencies and/or vendors and funding constraints for all 
stakeholders should be taken into consideration when establishing 
guidelines. Other concerns were that the equipage requirements did not 
allow for variances among WIC State agencies, the use of the SNAP POS 
terminal equipage formula was applied arbitrarily and the experience 
among EBT WIC State agencies to date was insufficient to require a 
single equipage formula nationally that applied to all WIC State 
agencies. Several commenters suggested adding a requirement that POS 
devices support multiple programs, most notably SNAP.
    For the purposes of this equipment formula, State agencies may use 
the U.S. Census Bureau Census on Retail Trade definition of 
supermarkets as retail establishments having sales over $2 million 
annually in food, which is consistent with the SNAP definition for 
supermarkets. Supercenters or superstores are retail establishments 
primarily engaged in retailing a general line of groceries in 
combination with general lines of new merchandise, such as apparel, 
furniture and appliances. A State agency that requires SNAP 
authorization as a criterion for authorization of a WIC vendor may also 
reference the store categories utilized by SNAP.
    The Department believes the proposed POS equipment lane coverage 
formula allows for a consistent standard for the minimum number of 
lanes necessary to permit WIC participants to purchase their WIC foods 
using an EBT card. After evaluating both current WIC EBT State agency 
practices concerning lane equipage and SNAP equipment installation 
requirements, the Department believes the proposed equipment formula 
represents a reasonable and consistent basis to allow WIC participants 
to purchase their WIC foods in the same manner as all other non-program 
customers.
    Numerous commenters suggested using a range of redemption values to 
determine lane equipage and to give State agencies more latitude in 
determining how to equip vendors with POS equipment based on State 
agency needs, technology and funding availability. The Department 
recognizes the variation among WIC State agencies and proposed a State 
agency be given flexibility to devise a formula fitting its specific 
environment if the national terminal coverage formula does not meet a 
specific State agency situation. Therefore, the proposed language at 
Sec.  246.12(z)(2)(i) and (z)(2)(ii) is retained in the final rule and 
allows WIC State agencies to utilize an alternative terminal equipage 
installation formula with Department approval. This provision should 
allay State agency concerns that the national terminal equipage formula 
does not adequately consider a State agency's unique needs.
    The Department understands there are scenarios where a vendor may 
choose not to install WIC EBT capable commercial equipment in every 
lane. As noted by a commenter, the preamble to the proposed rule 
assumed all vendors utilizing integrated multi-functional cash register 
systems would choose to equip all of their lanes with WIC

[[Page 10441]]

functionality. The Department agrees with the commenter and wishes to 
clarify that we encourage EBT transactions to be integrated into each 
WIC vendor's checkout lanes to allow WIC EBT cards to be utilized in 
all lanes both to promote efficiencies and to improve WIC benefit 
delivery, but it is not necessarily a universal business practice among 
vendors, nor is it a requirement.
    While many vendors may prefer to integrate WIC EBT into their 
existing POS equipment, vendors may find integration costs prohibitive 
and therefore elect to use a single-function POS terminal for WIC 
transactions or may choose to have limited lanes integrated to accept 
WIC EBT. One commenter noted that when a vendor elects to equip fewer 
lanes than would have been required by this regulation, the State 
agency would have been required to install the additional stand-beside 
equipment at State agency expense. Prior to statewide EBT 
implementation, this would be the case. The Department recognizes the 
need may arise to install separate single-function terminals prior to 
statewide implementation either on an interim basis in order to allow 
more time for a WIC vendor to upgrade to an integrated system or as a 
permanent POS solution. As noted earlier in the preamble, retailer 
equipage would be included as part of a State agency's retailer 
enablement plan and would address the number and type of POS equipment 
in each vendor location. Once statewide EBT is achieved, the provision 
at Sec.  246.12(aa)(4)(i) applies. Any ongoing State agency support for 
stand-beside terminals would be subject to a State agency's 
determination the vendor was necessary for participant access.
    A few commenters noted the lane coverage formula was inconsistent 
with the requirement that WIC vendors offer WIC customers the same 
courtesies as other customers as required in current regulations at 
Sec.  246.12(h)(3)(iii). The Department also recognizes the use of 
stand-beside equipment is not optimal for WIC participants because they 
must separately scan their WIC food items to complete the WIC portion 
of their purchases. Scanning and entering price information twice will 
be slower compared with the scanning process for other store customers. 
However, as noted previously, it may not be feasible or affordable for 
WIC vendors or a WIC State agency to equip all lanes with WIC 
functionality in excess of the minimal lane equipage formula using 
either additional stand-beside equipment or multi-functional terminals. 
The State agency and WIC vendor would need to take steps to ensure WIC 
customers are directed to the WIC EBT capable lane(s) without 
designating these lanes as usable only by WIC customers. This could be 
done through the use of appropriate signage such as ``WIC EBT accepted 
here.'' Provided a WIC vendor is complying with the lane equipment 
formula, a requirement to check out in specific lanes capable of 
accepting a WIC EBT card is not treating WIC customers differently than 
other customers provided the WIC lanes could also be used by other 
customers.
    Although we have noted not all WIC vendors will choose to integrate 
WIC EBT into any and/or all of their POS devices, based on the 
experience with SNAP, the Department expects the majority of WIC 
vendors to equip all of their checkout lanes when they utilize 
commercial multi-functional WIC EBT capable solutions due to increased 
efficiencies and convenience in the checkout lanes for all customers. 
Given the concerns expressed about all lanes being WIC EBT capable for 
improved customer service versus the cost prohibitions to both WIC 
State agencies and authorized WIC vendors for doing so, the final rule 
modifies Sec.  246.12(z)(2) to require that lanes be equipped according 
the formula regardless whether the equipment is single-function or 
multi-function. The final rule retains the equipage formulas at Sec.  
246.12(z)(2)(i) and (z)(2)(ii) as proposed.
    Commenters also expressed support for minimizing deployment of two 
POS terminals in a single checkout lane, one for WIC and one for SNAP, 
with one commenter suggesting joint WIC and SNAP EBT POS capabilities 
be a requirement. As noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, some 
WIC State agencies have worked with their SNAP agencies to acquire WIC 
and SNAP EBT services through a single contractor. This permits a 
single POS terminal to be installed in authorized vendor locations 
accepting both WIC and SNAP benefits. The Department expects the WIC 
State agency will consult with the SNAP EBT agency during planning to 
identify opportunities where vendor equipage could be coordinated and 
instances of duplicate equipment can be minimized. However, the 
Department recognizes separate terminals may be unavoidable in some 
instances due to contractual and funding issues and the need to upgrade 
software and other infrastructure to support transactions from the two 
programs. Because of these issues, the final rule is retained as 
proposed and does not require a single POS terminal capable of allowing 
both WIC and SNAP purchases.
    Two commenters suggested amended language to protect a State agency 
from bearing fiscal liability in instances where a vendor is removed 
from the WIC program after receiving reimbursement from a State agency 
to acquire WIC EBT capable multi-functional equipment, especially after 
statewide implementation. One commenter was concerned policy guidance 
would be needed in a situation when a vendor is removed from 
participating in the WIC Program but has accepted reimbursement from 
the State agency prior to the removal. In such situations, the State 
agency may not be able to get a full return on the funds provided. When 
a State agency has devised a retailer enablement plan that includes 
investment in equipment owned and operated by individual vendors, the 
State agency must address recoupment of this investment. Some State 
agencies have added a provision to vendor agreements which allows the 
State agency to recover a pro rata share of any funding from a WIC 
vendor terminated or removed from the program. It is appropriate for 
State agencies to include recoupment of federal investment in their WIC 
vendor agreements or other agreements entered into regarding WIC EBT 
equipment.
    Two commenters requested modification of the proposed language at 
Sec.  246.12(z)(2)(v) which would have allowed an authorized vendor who 
has been equipped with a terminal by the State agency to submit 
evidence that additional terminals are necessary after the initial POS 
terminals are installed. One commenter suggested the additional 
terminals be added at the expense of the vendor. Another commenter 
requested timeframe limitations for requesting additional terminals be 
incorporated into the regulatory language, e.g. the vendor must request 
additional terminals within one year from the initial POS installation 
or prior to statewide rollout, whichever is sooner. To allow for 
greater State agency flexibility and to provide WIC authorized vendors 
an opportunity to request additional POS equipment should their 
business operations change or expand indicating the need for additional 
WIC EBT equipment, the language at Sec.  246.12(z)(2)(v) remains as 
proposed.
    No comments were received on the proposed provisions at Sec.  
246.12(z)(2)(iv), (z)(2)(vi) and (z)(2)(vii), which dealt with 
equipping vendors necessary for participant access, terminal equipage 
for obtaining benefit balances and the removal of excess terminals in 
the event of reduced redemption activity, respectively.

[[Page 10442]]

Therefore, these provisions remain as proposed.
    Section 246.12(z)(3) of the proposed rule would have required the 
State agency to ensure vendors, farmers, farmers' markets and home food 
delivery contractors are paid promptly. Although the proposed rule did 
not mention farmers' markets which was an oversight by the Department, 
we have added farmers' markets to 246.12(z)(3) in this final rule. 
Payment must be made in accordance with the established Operating Rules 
and technical requirements after a valid electronic claim for payment 
has been submitted. Ten comments were received on this topic with the 
majority of the commenters indicating that the preamble language did 
not accurately reflect decisions made via the Operating Rules technical 
workgroup with regard to the timing of when a State agency should pay 
vendors. At the time the proposed rule was published, the Operating 
Rules required payment within two days of submitting a valid electronic 
claim for payment; subsequently the Operating Rules have been updated 
to require payment within two processing days of receipt of the claim 
for payment but allow exceptions to allow payment up to five days after 
receipt by the State agency. The Department acknowledges this generally 
accepted practice. However, the Department feels the number of days for 
submitting a valid claim for payment should not specifically be stated 
in the regulatory language, but rather is appropriately addressed in 
the Operating Rules. Consequently, the proposed language at Sec.  
246.12(z)(3) is retained as proposed.

7. Technical Standards and Requirements

    General. Section 17(h)(12)(G) of the CNA states that the Secretary 
shall establish technical standards and operating rules for WIC EBT and 
requires each State agency, contractor and authorized vendor 
participating in the WIC Program demonstrate compliance with 
established technical standards and operating rules. Two of the most 
comprehensive compilations of the standards and rules established for 
WIC EBT are the EBT Operating Rules and the Technical Implementation 
Guide (TIG), both of which were thoroughly discussed in the preamble of 
the proposed rule. The Department also requested comments on retail 
vendor certification procedures, the WIC Universal Management 
information System MIS-EBT Interface specification and other issues 
discussed in the preamble; and the minimum timeframes that would have 
been required for replacing participant benefits and the establishment 
of a toll-free 24-hour customer service number proposed as regulations. 
These comments and the Department's response to the comments are 
addressed below.
    As indicated in the proposed regulation, the Department has long 
recognized the standards and operating rules must be followed to 
facilitate EBT expansion efficiently and consistently from State to 
State and has worked collaboratively with State agencies and industry 
to establish WIC EBT standards. The proposed rule at Sec.  
246.12(bb)(1)(i) and (bb)(1)(ii) would have required State agencies, 
contractors and authorized WIC vendors to follow and demonstrate 
compliance with operating rules, standards and technical requirements 
as established by the Secretary, as well as to comply with other 
industry standards identified by the Secretary. Section 246.12(bb)(2) 
and (bb)(3) would have established requirements for replacing 
participant benefits and establishing a 24-hour toll free hotline 
number for customer assistance, respectively.
    Under the preamble in the proposed rule, the Department sought 
comments on several aspects of the Operating Rules and technical 
standards documents in order to determine future regulatory or policy 
updates. A total of 87 comments were received on this section of the 
proposed rule. Many of the commenters requested clarification or 
suggested corrections to preamble language or provided general comments 
to preamble discussion of the operating rules, TIG, retail 
certifications and other standards. A discussion of each area follows.
    Operating Rules and Technical Implementation Guide (TIG). The WIC 
EBT Operating Rules and the TIG were collaboratively developed over the 
past several years with State agency and industry input to address, 
respectively, the ``what'' and ``how'' of WIC EBT implementation. These 
documents have been accepted and implemented among EBT State agencies, 
their authorized vendors, processors and other stakeholders and have 
contributed to successful WIC EBT implementation and expansion. The 
Department's rationale for proposing the required use of the Operating 
Rules and TIG and maintaining these as stand-alone technical documents, 
allows for technological changes to be incorporated into the Operating 
Rules and technical standards as technology is updated and WIC EBT 
evolves. This process allows more timely updates to these detailed 
documents while still allowing stakeholder input.
    Overall, commenters were in support of the proposed requirement to 
follow and demonstrate compliance with technical standards and 
operating rules. A few commenters noted it was critical to have 
industry input to the standards and the standards remain flexible so 
WIC EBT can adapt to new technology. The Department intends for 
flexibility to be accomplished by maintaining the documents separate 
and apart from the regulatory process. One commenter stated current EBT 
State agencies should be grandfathered in and not be required to 
implement new or updated standards. The Department understands this 
concern but feels it is critical for all State agencies to incorporate 
the latest standards into their EBT benefits delivery methods as soon 
as practical so processors and vendors can cost effectively build to 
the standards. To acknowledge this concern and to allow State agencies 
flexibility in implementing the standards, State agencies currently 
operating WIC EBT delivery methods will be allowed to implement the 
standards into their EBT delivery methods up to two years from the date 
of publication of this rule.
    One large retailer association, while supporting the need for 
standards and operating rules, suggested the standards and related 
documents be published for public comment. As noted in the preamble to 
the proposed rule, the Department has established a maintenance process 
allowing all stakeholders the opportunity to submit change requests 
necessary to clarify, change or add to the rules prompted by 
implementation activity. This process permits stakeholders to submit a 
change request to the Department for consideration. Once received, 
reviewed and analyzed for potential impact, the change request will be 
published on the established collaborative Web site, discussed on a 
conference call and published in a final bulletin for a 30-day comment 
period. Once this comment period is completed, a schedule for 
implementation will be identified in the final change request. Updates 
will be issued as technical bulletins and then incorporated into the 
periodic update for each document. A copy of the WIC EBT Operating 
Rules and TIG are available on the public Web site of the Food and 
Nutrition Service at https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/ebt-guidance. Parties 
interested in reviewing and commenting on these documents can obtain 
access to the shared WIC EBT Technical Documents PartnerWeb shared Web 
site by sending an email

[[Page 10443]]

requesting access to: WICEBTTECH@fns.usda.gov.
    Several commenters suggested the Department be cautious in adopting 
commercial standards such as the Europay MasterCard Visa (EMV) 
Smartcard Payment System standards. For example, EMV includes 
technology such as Near Field Communications that, at the time of this 
writing, is not presently in use by any WIC EBT system to support 
contactless smart cards. The Department is paying close attention to 
EMV because we believe it is best to align EBT standards with 
commercial standards already in use to the greatest extent possible. 
Alignment with commercial standards sometimes referred to as `piggy-
backing' on commercial infrastructure, will help to reduce costs and 
development time for State agencies, WIC vendors and processors who 
must support WIC and other payment forms. This was the Department's 
perspective when SNAP was implementing EBT and the approach has 
continued. Consequently, should a State agency decide to adopt a smart 
card supporting Near Field Communication contactless purchases, it 
would be in the best interest of the WIC Program to consider adoption 
of the existing EMV or other industry standards.
    We would like to clarify, as a few commenters noted, that the 
Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X9, Inc. is the organization 
responsible for financial standards in the United States rather than 
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), which was incorrectly 
referenced in the preamble of the proposed rulemaking. The two 
pertinent standards for WIC managed by the ASC X9 are the X9.93 
messaging and file standards and the X9.131, which defines the 
interface between vendor card readers and EBT smart cards.
    A number of commenters raised questions related to enforcement of 
the Operating Rules and TIG. Questions included the process by which 
WIC vendors and EBT processors would demonstrate compliance, which 
party would be required to pay the cost of compliance and how often 
must it be demonstrated. One commenter questioned the extent a vendor 
or cash register manufacturer would be responsible for State agency 
certification costs, such as staff time for testing and quality 
assurance review and travel costs. The Department strongly urges State 
agencies to coordinate their certifications to minimize and not 
duplicate the costs imposed on the industry and take advantage of 
collaborative certifications allowing a single certification with 
several State agencies at one time, to save time, and establish policy 
and protocols to ensure standards such as the Operating Rules and TIG 
are being followed. Concerns and questions pertaining to retailer 
capability after statewide implementation will be discussed later in 
this preamble. Additionally, as many of these issues are outside the 
purview of this regulation, the Department will provide additional 
guidance and policy on these questions as necessary after publication 
of this final rule.
    The Department believes the proposed regulatory language concerning 
standards provides adequate flexibility to establish new and/or changes 
to existing standards as WIC EBT evolves and allows for appropriate 
input from EBT stakeholders. Therefore, the provisions at Sec.  
246.12(h)(3)(xxxi), (bb)(1)(i), and (bb)(1)(ii) requiring compliance 
with Operating Rules, standards and technical requirements and other 
industry standards established and/or identified by the Secretary are 
retained as proposed in this final rule. Additional discussion of these 
provisions follows.
    Retail Vendor Certification Procedures for WIC EBT Capability. In 
the proposed rule, the Department expressed interest in developing 
procedures and guidance for the certification of retail vendor 
electronic cash registers and associated payment devices, to include 
the development of common test scripts and testing criteria. The 
Department sought comments on the retailer certification process, 
noting however that discussions and comments related to retailer 
certification and consequently, what a vendor would need to demonstrate 
to the satisfaction of the WIC State agency that its system was EBT 
capable, would not be incorporated into the final rule. Rather, these 
comments would be considered in the larger discussion among all EBT 
stakeholders of what should be incorporated into associated standards 
and rules as to what constitutes a WIC EBT capable vendor system.
    Specific standards for certifying vendors or other systems that may 
affect a WIC EBT transaction were not proposed other than the 
requirement at Sec.  246.12(aa)(4)(ii) which would have required each 
WIC vendor applicant to demonstrate capability to accept WIC benefits 
electronically after statewide implementation. Several commenters 
expressed the need to provide a consistent process, to develop 
standards and processes as quickly as possible and to involve the 
retail community in the development of the vendor certification 
process.
    While no clear consensus was supported by commenters on the vendor 
system certifications, we did receive many useful suggestions. Some 
commenters suggested the Department establish a lab for manufacturers 
to get certified or use a centralized process for certifying cash 
register systems. In each of these cases, the manufacturer of the cash 
register software would present the system to the lab or the Department 
whenever modifications to software affecting WIC activities was ready 
or a new system was to be certified for WIC EBT functionality. 
Individual State agencies could then test the actual implementation by 
each WIC vendor by conducting a few purchases or accepting the 
certification conducted by another State agency. Several State agencies 
suggested the use of a lead State agency which would maintain a 
national database of certified WIC EBT capable benefit delivery 
methods. Under this approach, the lead State agency would act on behalf 
of other State agencies in conducting and coordinating vendor system 
certifications which would reduce cost and the level of resources that 
would have been required by developers and State agencies.
    The Department also established a workgroup to explore the 
feasibility of standardizing certification procedures and test scripts. 
However, after meeting for more than one year, the workgroup did not 
reach consensus on a common approach to be followed by all parties. 
While the group was unable to reach consensus on the overall approach, 
the State agencies and industry agreed to consolidate test scripts used 
during certifications for each technology to standardize this aspect of 
the testing. These test scripts are updated and are available on the 
EBT Technical Documents Partner Web site for use by State agencies and 
industry.
    As a result, the Department has determined continued Departmental 
involvement in the process of certifying retailer cash register systems 
is no longer warranted. WIC State agencies will retain responsibility 
for the prompt and accurate payment of allowable costs as discussed at 
Sec.  246.13(d). Each WIC State agency planning to implement WIC EBT 
must therefore ensure that all EBT transactions are processed 
correctly, securely and in accordance with current WIC regulations, 
policy and guidance. State agencies may conduct certification tests or 
accept certifications conducted by other State agencies of WIC vendor 
systems in accordance with the WIC EBT Operating Rules. As with the 
paper food instrument redemption by WIC vendors, State agencies shall 
take actions through

[[Page 10444]]

the provisions of their vendor agreements and associated administrative 
actions when vendors are found to be noncompliant. The Department will 
not dictate the steps the State agency must take to ensure its EBT 
benefit delivery method and the systems of its WIC authorized Vendors, 
are operating correctly.
    WIC Universal MIS-EBT Interface Specification. The WIC Universal 
Management Information System (MIS)-EBT Universal Interface (WUMEI), 
commonly referred to as the Universal Interface or simply UI, is a 
specification that guides systems development for data exchanged 
between State agency clinic MIS systems and EBT processor systems. 
Several comments were received suggesting the interface specification 
should become one of the standards identified by the Secretary as a 
requirement for implementation. The Department expects all State 
agencies to build their interfaces consistent with the Universal 
Interface specification. Therefore, the Department does not believe 
there is a need for a separate standard reiterating use of the 
Universal Interface specification.
    Other Standards and Requirements. As noted in the preamble to the 
proposed rule, other standards and requirements may be necessary over 
time and the Department must be able to establish these standards and/
or incorporate these changes into the existing technical standards and 
guidelines and State agencies must accommodate and implement these 
changes. One such proposed requirement at Sec.  246.12(bb)(2) would 
have required State agencies to establish policy permitting the 
replacement of participant benefits within five business days following 
notice by the participant to the State agency, at least one time in a 
three-month benefit issuance period. The replacement process would 
enable the remaining food balances associated with an EBT card to be 
transferred to another card (off-line) or linked to another EBT card 
with the same account (on-line). Current policy gives State agencies 
the option to replace lost or stolen food instruments.
    The Department received 20 comments on the card and benefit 
replacement provision of the proposed rule. Three commenters were in 
full support of the provision as proposed. Several commenters expressed 
concern both with the five business day replacement timeframe as well 
as with the provision requiring replacement at least once in a 
consecutive three-month period. Four commenters suggested the provision 
be made optional. Eight commenters were in support of the change, but 
requested the timeframe be extended beyond five business days to 
accurately reflect the State agencies' current WIC EBT replacement 
timeframe. Commenters also noted the background language contained in 
the proposed rule was inaccurate because it erroneously stated benefits 
can be lost when an EBT card is lost or stolen. To clarify, the balance 
of the electronic benefit at the time when a card is reported lost or 
stolen is transferred to a new card issued to the participant(s) or 
proxy and consequently, no loss of benefits occurs. Although the 
proposed rule did not specifically address card replacement if the card 
is damaged, this final rule is also applicable to replacement of 
damaged cards.
    Under the proposed rule, the maximum timeframe that would have been 
required for electronic benefit replacement by an EBT State agency was 
five business days. Though initial implementations by off-line State 
agencies followed FNS policy guidance to replace lost or stolen cards 
within five business days, one State agency commenter indicated it 
could not consistently meet the standard due to constraints such as 
part-time outreach sites with variable hours of operation. Therefore, 
this State agency had established a policy permitting the replacement 
of the EBT card and transfer of participant benefit balances within ten 
days of notification. Other State agencies increased the timeframe from 
five business days to six because clinics could not consistently meet 
the five day replacement policy because it is not always possible to 
obtain the remaining balance immediately due to delays in WIC retail 
vendor settlement and in cases where off-line States clinics only 
operate a few days per week, particularly in remote areas.
    The Department expects State agencies to replace a lost or stolen 
card as soon as possible, but no later than seven business days 
following notice by the participant or proxy to the State agency. This 
timeframe should allow for vendor settlement consistent with EBT 
business practice capabilities and recognizes limited clinic 
availability in some remote areas. Section 246.12(bb)(2) in this final 
rule has been amended to require the replacement of EBT cards and the 
transfer of associated participant benefit balances within seven 
business days following notice by the participant or proxy to the State 
agency.
    The proposed rule included a requirement to replace participant 
benefits at least one time in a consecutive three-month period when a 
card is reported lost or stolen. This final rule has been modified to 
clarify that the Department intends for card replacements and the 
remaining associated benefits to occur routinely and as soon as 
possible to afford time for the participant to obtain their WIC foods 
for the month. It is expected that should frequent card replacements 
occur, the State agency will advise the cardholder of their 
responsibilities and the need to protect the card at all times. The 
State agency may also determine if additional research is warranted to 
rule out any program integrity concerns.
    A conforming amendment was added to Sec.  246.4(a)(14)(xix) to 
include a description of the process the State agency will establish to 
replace EBT cards and transfer the associated benefits within seven 
business days.
    Under the proposed rule, Sec.  246.12(bb)(3) would have required a 
State agency to provide a toll-free 24-hour hotline number with live 
representatives for EBT cardholder assistance. The toll-free 24-hour 
hotline was proposed to enhance customer service to WIC participants 
who may need to contact the State agency or a WIC clinic to report a 
lost or stolen EBT card, request a replacement card, or to access other 
services. In proposing the toll-free 24-hour hotline number, the 
Department also recognized this requirement may have a potential impact 
on the affordability of WIC EBT and may strain State agency management 
of resources if the State agency needed to expand its operational 
hours. Therefore, the Department specifically sought comments regarding 
this proposed requirement.
    The Department received 31 comments on this provision of the 
proposed rule. Ten commenters, all from the advocacy community, were in 
support of the change, with two of these commenters recommending the 
provision be broadened to provide hotline assistance to authorized 
vendors as well. While the Department supports the potential for 
enhanced business practices and customer service that EBT may provide, 
we also recognize this could create untenable costs for State agencies 
and tax their administrative capacity. Additionally, vendors have other 
means to receive assistance through their commercial equipment and 
payment service providers or by contacting the State agency vendor 
coordinator. Therefore, the final rule will not expand the requirement 
to accommodate vendors.
    Twenty-one commenters, primarily State agencies, were opposed to 
the requirement for a toll-free 24-hour hotline number; of those, 
fourteen recommended the hotline be a State

[[Page 10445]]

agency option rather than a requirement. While many of these commenters 
were in agreement that EBT offers an opportunity for enhanced customer 
service to WIC participants, it was noted that requiring this level of 
customer service had not been determined necessary for the successful 
operations of WIC EBT in the early smart card implementations as well 
as in several on-line WIC EBT implementations. These EBT implementers, 
now statewide, found the 24-hour hotline to be of limited benefit or 
unnecessary and recommended that the Department eliminates the proposed 
requirement to establish a toll-free 24-hour hotline number. 
Furthermore, these commenters noted maintaining a 24-hour, 7 day a week 
toll-free customer service operation could create undue financial 
hardships to a State agency and should be a service a State agency may 
consider as an option if State agency resources allow.
    Several commenters noted the demonstrated need for a 24-hour 
hotline number in the smart card WIC EBT implementations, now 
statewide, had not materialized nor had advocates for participants or 
participants themselves expressed the need for this level of service. 
One State agency commenter indicated there was very little a 24-hour 
customer service representative could do to assist a WIC participant 
with a smart card until the WIC clinic was open. Unlike an on-line EBT, 
current food balances for off-line cards are not available via a 
customer service number in real time and commenters indicated few 
instances of difficulty in reporting a card lost or stolen to the WIC 
clinic have occurred even when operating statewide. Additionally, 
several State agencies have operated statewide with little demonstrated 
need for toll-free 24-hour hotline capability through the use of State 
operated customer service during business hours that transitions to a 
contractor-supported number for WIC participants or merchants to call 
outside of business hours. In these State agencies, most cardholder 
issues are resolved through participant contacts with the local WIC 
clinic staff.
    The Department concurs with the potential issues of affordability, 
unsubstantiated demand and impact on resource management that the 
proposed requirement for a 24-hour hotline available to assist 
participants may have on a State agency. Therefore, the Department is 
removing the toll-free 24-hour hotline assistance requirement and 
replacing it with the requirement for a State agency to establish 
procedures allowing WIC participants to, at a minimum, report 
cardholder issues, report a lost or stolen card and receive information 
on the current food balance and benefit expiration date during non-
business hours. While a State agency would not be required to provide a 
toll-free 24-hour hotline supported by customer service representatives 
and/or an automated Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system, this 
amended requirement leverages additional opportunities to enhance 
customer service by providing a means of access for participants to 
report issues and have fundamental services offered at all times. In 
addition, per the WIC EBT Technical Information Guide (TIG), 
participants' purchase receipts must provide food balances and benefit 
expiration date. The final rule at Sec.  246.12(bb)(3) requires each 
State agency to establish procedures and systems to enable participants 
to report cardholder issues during non-business hours as well as 
receive other services. Procedures may include a toll-free 24-hour 
hotline or other alternatives to receive services or report card issues 
in an easily accessible manner. Additionally, the Department encourages 
State agencies to provide participants with services in the most 
accessible method as possible, such as mobile balance inquiries in 
addition to IVR. Other alternatives may become available in the future 
which would provide opportunities to further improve and enhance WIC 
customer service. The procedures for meeting the customer service 
requirements at Sec.  246.12(bb)(3) must be described in the State 
Plan. A conforming amendment has been made to Sec.  246.4(a)(14)(xx) 
requiring the description of the State agency's procedures for meeting 
the customer service requirements.
    Three commenters suggested the Department provide guidance on what 
minimum services would be required in order to maintain compliance with 
the requirement for toll-free 24-hour hotline services. While this 
final regulation no longer requires a 24-hour toll-free hotline for WIC 
cardholders to report issues during non-business hours, the Department 
has set a minimum level of service participants must be able to receive 
during non-business hours.
    The minimum participant services that must be offered during non-
business hours are: (1) Receive information on the current food 
balance, (2) receive benefit expiration date and (3) report a lost or 
stolen card and other cardholder issues. The Department expects a State 
agency to respond to cardholder issues at the time the report is 
received or as soon as possible. Other customer service features may be 
included such as obtaining purchase transaction detail, selecting or 
changing a PIN and finding the locations of WIC authorized vendors. If 
a State agency seeks to implement alternatives to the minimum service 
requirements, the agency must submit the plan to FNS for approval.

8. National Universal Product Code (NUPC) Database

    Under the proposed rule at Sec.  246.12(cc), the National UPC 
(NUPC) database would be used by all State agencies providing benefits 
via WIC EBT. The minimum requirement for usage of the NUPC database 
could be met by a State agency through the submittal of a copy of the 
State agency's current authorized product list (APL) for inclusion in 
the NUPC database. The proposed rule would have also required a State 
agency to submit a copy of its current APL file prior to the APL 
becoming effective or making it available to its authorized vendors.
    As discussed in the proposed rule, the NUPC database is envisioned 
to be a repository of information about all food items authorized by 
each WIC State agency. Information in this repository will be organized 
in accordance with the National Category Subcategory Table. Additional 
food product information is included in the database to permit each 
State agency to determine whether or not to authorize the product for 
use within the State agency. The additional food product information 
would include items such as nutrition labeling, bar code symbol, 
product flat or a photograph of the container and ingredients. The 
intent of the repository is to facilitate the identification of WIC 
eligible food items and to provide the associated product information 
necessary to support EBT operations. For instance, once a State agency 
has determined a food item is eligible, the product UPC code, food 
category, subcategory and unit of measure can be easily incorporated 
into the State agency process for updating its APL file.
    The Department received 27 comments on the proposed requirements 
regarding the use of the NUPC database. Comments were received in five 
broad areas: (1) Use of UPC terminology; (2) Mandating use of the 
National Food Category/Subcategory Table by all State agencies; (3) 
Authority for WIC State agencies to authorize WIC foods; (4) Department 
approval of APL files prior to distribution to authorized WIC vendors; 
and (5) The design and functioning of the NUPC clearinghouse. These 
issues are discussed in more detail below.

[[Page 10446]]

    Use of UPC Terminology. Several commenters recommended adoption of 
the terminology used by GS1, which is a nonprofit organization setting 
industry standards for barcodes used in retail and supply chains. Under 
the GS1 umbrella, which can be found at www.gs1.org, there are Global 
Trade Identification Numbers (GTINs) which include the UPC necessary 
during a WIC purchase. The GTINs are contained as UPCs in the APL file 
a State agency distributes to its authorized vendors. There are several 
different types of GTINs such as GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13 and GTIN-14, 
which contain UPC numbers of different lengths. There are other GTIN's 
available for different purposes such as those used on larger cases of 
product not generally sold at retail. After checking with GS1-US, which 
is the organization supporting barcode adoption in the United States, 
GS1 advised the Department that the GTIN-12 and Universal Product Code 
are used synonymously in the industry; therefore, this rule continues 
to refer to the UPC as the more commonly recognized terminology used in 
WIC EBT.
    The National UPC database also contains PLUs, which are the 
standard codes published by the International Federation of Produce 
Standards (IFPS) for fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables. We 
wish to correct the record as noted by several commenters that the PLU 
codes are 5 digits in length even though retail practice generally 
drops the initial zero for standard PLUs, unless it is genetically 
modified or organic. Under the IFPS coding structure, a fifth (leading) 
digit qualifier is allocated to some produce with specific qualities. 
As noted, the fifth digit qualifiers for global PLU codes are `0' for 
nonorganic products (referred to as non-qualified PLU codes), although 
generally this digit is omitted and `9' for organic produce. The `8' 
leading digit qualifier formerly used for genetically modified produce 
is no longer used for this purpose. One commenter urged the Department 
to remain flexible to accommodate future changes in the industry and 
technology in the supply chain. The Department agrees; during 
development of the NUPC database and within the WIC technical 
standards, future changes have been provided for where possible. For 
example, the longer length UPCs used in Europe and Asia, which are 13 
and 14 digits, have not been widely adopted by food manufacturers 
marketing products in the United States at the time of this writing. To 
plan for future industry changes, the TIG and associated standards as 
well the NUPC database currently allow these 13 and 14 digit UPC 
lengths if a WIC State agency authorizes the product for use or these 
longer UPCs become prevalent in the United States.
    Mandating Use of the National Food Category/Subcategory Table. The 
proposed rule would not have required each State agency to make use of 
the National Food Category Subcategory Table, but input was sought on 
the potential barriers, obstacles and benefits State agencies would 
incur if conformity to a national standard food classification system 
would have been required by the Department. The Department also invited 
reader comment on how conformity could be effectively instituted. While 
a national standard format would have been required for the APL file, 
WIC State agencies currently would not be required to use the national 
category/subcategory table maintained by the Department. The Department 
believes it is necessary to preserve some flexibility for State 
agencies to deviate from the national category/subcategory table 
because of differences in product availability, varying demand for 
ethnic foods and the need to ensure WIC participants can obtain 
products such as infant formula in a timely manner.
    Several comments were received specific to the National Food 
Category Subcategory Table. Most voiced concerns about making its use a 
requirement, particularly for existing EBT State agencies that may have 
compatibility issues. Two commenters requested flexibility in the use 
of the NUPC in general, one commenter suggested it be a State agency 
option and another commenter suggested all EBT stakeholders be included 
in any process and discussion concerning how conformity could 
effectively be instituted.
    The Department strongly supports and recommends use of the National 
Food Category Subcategory table by all State agencies as they begin 
their EBT projects. The Department recognizes, however, how the 
variability in State agency EBT benefit delivery methods' capability 
and differences in product selection for approved WIC foods may cause 
changes to the National Category Subcategory table over time to 
accommodate individual State agencies. We are also concerned, as many 
commenters noted, that maintaining the National Food Category 
Subcategory table consistently for all State agencies places the 
Department in the middle of food authorization decisions, which is the 
role WIC State agencies play in building their APL.
    Additionally, the current vendor cash register systems, which 
include most of the major systems available in the United States 
currently used by WIC vendors, have been able to handle variances in 
State agency-specific Category Subcategory tables. However, one State 
agency commented that the food category table and APL files are 
utilized to control food costs by assigning higher cost food items such 
as quart and half gallon milk containers to separate food 
subcategories. In this example, the maximum authorized reimbursement 
(MAR) amount is computed at the subcategory level and consequently does 
not affect larger sizes of milk. This State agency also uses its 
category and subcategory table for cost containment with the cereal, 
infant fruits and vegetables food categories. The Department recognizes 
there are high levels of variability in the approaches each State 
agency has implemented for cost containment. Therefore, while the 
Department sees value in standardized use of the National Food Category 
Subcategory Table and we require all new EBT State agencies to adopt it 
initially, this final rule does not mandate its use. In part, we are 
persuaded that flexibility is more appropriate than mandating a strict 
standard because electronic cash registers are able to successfully 
load APL files with State agency differences in the category, 
subcategory and unit of measure assigned to each product. The important 
level of standardization is accomplished by using the APL standard file 
format and adherence to the EBT Operating Rules and Technical 
Implementation Guide file formats.
    Authority for WIC State Agencies To Authorize WIC Foods. A few 
commenters expressed support for continuing to allow State agencies to 
evaluate and authorize WIC foods within their State agency. The 
proposed rule did not alter current State agency responsibilities for 
authorizing WIC foods. As previously indicated, the NUPC database is 
only a repository of information about WIC foods that a WIC State 
agency may use to identify and select food items for use within the 
State agency. The determination of which food items are authorized 
remains a State agency responsibility and does not change now that the 
NUPC database is available for State agency use.
    Submission of APL Files Prior to Distribution. Four commenters, one 
industry consultant and three State agencies expressed concern that a 
State agency must submit its APL file to the NUPC database prior to 
distributing the APL file to their authorized WIC

[[Page 10447]]

vendors. The Department wishes to clarify this requirement is only a 
submission of the APL file whenever it is updated. The APL file can be 
transmitted to the NUPC database at the same time the file is sent to 
vendors authorized by the State agency. We recognize the APL file 
contains critical information needed to accept WIC food items in WIC 
vendor checkout lanes. This information includes the effective date for 
new items, changes in the food item descriptions necessary for printing 
food balances on receipts and in some cases cost containment 
information (not-to-exceed or maximum authorized price is optional in 
an APL). It would not be practical or desirable for the Department to 
interfere with the timely distribution of the APL files.
    Having considered all comments and clarifying its intent, the 
Department has determined the requirement for the State agency to 
submit a copy of an APL file to the NUPC database will not interfere 
with State agency operations necessary to support daily EBT activity. 
In addition, State agencies are currently required to provide a copy of 
their approved food list to FNS, including any changes to that list. 
Submitting a copy to FNS's NUPC data base meets this requirement.
    Design and Function of a NUPC Clearinghouse. This portion of the 
proposed rulemaking generated a substantial number of comments on the 
future potential for enhancing the NUPC database to act as a 
clearinghouse for State agency APL files in addition to a data 
repository. Having considered these comments, the Department has 
decided to not proceed with development of a file clearinghouse 
capability at this time. The Department believes the proposed language 
in Sec.  246.12(cc) is broad in nature and allows for flexibility in 
the use of the NUPC.

Technical Amendment

    In a previous WIC final rule, ``Special Supplemental Nutrition 
Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC): Implementation of 
Nondiscretionary, Non-Electronic Benefits Transfer-Related Provisions'' 
(76 FR 59885, September 28, 2011), Sec.  246.4 was amended by re-
designating paragraphs (a)(19) through (26) as (a)(20) through (27) and 
adding a new paragraph (a)(19); however, the amendment could not be 
incorporated due to inaccurate amendatory instruction. An Editorial 
Note was published following this section in the CFR that brought the 
new information to the readers' attention. The correct amendment is 
included within Sec.  246.4 in this rule.

Procedural Matters

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, distributive impacts and equity). Executive 
Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules and of promoting 
flexibility.
    This final rule has been determined to be ``Not Significant'' and 
was not reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget in conformance 
with Section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866.

Regulatory Impact Analysis

    This final rule has been designated as ``Not Significant'' by the 
Office of Management and Budget; therefore, no Regulatory Impact 
Analysis is required.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (5 U.S.C. 601-612) requires 
Agencies to analyze the impact of rulemaking on small entities and 
consider alternatives that would minimize any significant impacts on a 
substantial number of small entities. Pursuant to that review, the 
Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, Audrey Rowe, has 
determined this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. This final rule applies to State 
and local agencies and provides increased flexibility in food delivery 
services for the Program.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local and tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under Section 202 of the UMRA, the 
Department generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost 
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal 
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, or tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector of $100 million 
or more in any one year. When such a statement is needed for a rule, 
Section 205 of the UMRA generally requires the Department to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the most cost effective or least burdensome alternative that achieves 
the objectives of the rule.
    This final rule contains no Federal mandates (under the regulatory 
provisions of Title II of the UMRA) that impose costs on State, local, 
or tribal governments or to the private sector of $100 million or more 
in any one year. Thus, the rule is not subject to the requirements of 
Sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA.

Executive Order 12372

    The WIC Program is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic 
Assistance Programs under No. 10.557 and is subject to Executive Order 
12372, which requires intergovernmental consultation with State and 
local officials. (See 2 CFR chapter IV.)

Federalism Summary Impact Statement

    Executive Order 13132 requires Federal agencies to consider the 
impact of their regulatory actions on State and local governments. 
Where such actions have federalism implications, agencies are directed 
to provide a statement for inclusion in the preamble to the regulations 
describing the agency's considerations in terms of the three categories 
called for under Section (6)(b)(2)(B) of Executive Order 13132.
    The Department has considered the impact of this rule on State and 
local governments and has determined this rule does not have federalism 
implications. Therefore, under Section 6(b) of the Executive Order, a 
federalism summary is not required.

Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform

    This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, 
Civil Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have preemptive 
effect with respect to any State or local laws, regulations or policies 
which conflict with its provisions or which would otherwise impede its 
full and timely implementation. This rule is not intended to have 
retroactive effect unless so specified in the Effective Dates section 
of the final rule. Prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of 
the final rule, all applicable administrative procedures must be 
exhausted.
    In WIC, the administrative procedures are as follows: (1) State and 
local agencies, farmers, farmers' markets and roadside stands--State 
agency hearing procedures issued pursuant to Sec.  246.18; (2) 
Applicants and participants--State agency hearing procedures pursuant 
to Sec.  246.18; (3) Sanctions against State agencies (but not claims 
for repayment assessed against a State agency)

[[Page 10448]]

pursuant to Sec.  246.19--administrative appeal in accordance with 
Sec.  246.16 and (4) procurement by State or local agencies--
administrative appeal to the extent required by 2 CFR 200.318.

Civil Rights Impact Analysis

    The Department has reviewed this final rule in accordance with 
Departmental Regulations 4300-4, ``Civil Rights Impact Analysis,'' and 
1512-1, ``Regulatory Decision Making Requirements,'' to identify any 
major civil rights impacts the rule might have on program participants 
on the basis of age, race, color, national origin, sex, or disability. 
After a careful review of the rule's intent and provisions, the 
Department has determined this rule is not intended to limit or reduce 
in any way the ability of protected classes of individuals to receive 
benefits in the WIC Program. Federal WIC regulations specifically 
prohibit State agencies that administer the WIC Program and their 
cooperators, from engaging in actions that discriminate against any 
individual in any of the protected classes (see Sec.  246.8 for the 
nondiscrimination policy in the WIC Program). Where State agencies have 
options and they choose to implement a certain provision, they must 
implement it in such a way that it complies with the WIC Program 
regulations set forth at Sec.  246.8.

Executive Order 13175

    Executive Order 13175 requires Federal agencies to consult and 
coordinate with Tribes on a government-to-government basis on policies 
that have Tribal implications, including regulations, legislative 
comments or proposed legislation and other policy statements or actions 
that have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian Tribes, on 
the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes, or 
on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
Government and Indian Tribes.
    FNS provides regularly scheduled quarterly consultation sessions as 
a venue for collaborative conversations with Tribal officials or their 
designees. The most recent quarterly consultation sessions were held on 
August 20, 2014; November 19, 2014; February 18, 2015; and May 20, 
2015. FNS will respond in a timely and meaningful manner to any Tribal 
government request for consultation concerning the Electronic Benefit 
Rule for the WIC program. We are unaware of any current Tribal laws 
that could be in conflict with this final rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. Chap. 35; see 5 CFR 
part 1320) requires that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
approve all collections of information by a Federal agency from the 
public before they can be implemented. Respondents would not have been 
required to respond to any collection of information unless it displays 
a current valid OMB control number. While a conforming amendment has 
added two additional State Plan requirements in addition to the 
requirement for an annual EBT status update, the Department considers 
these to be minimal reporting burden. The annual status report replaces 
existing updates required for benefit delivery methods using paper food 
instruments. The two conforming amendments clarify content for EBT 
delivery replacing the existing paper food instrument or other food 
delivery content. This final rule contains a small increase to the 
information collection requirements that are subject to OMB approval.
    Section 246.12(y) requires each State agency to have an active EBT 
project by July 29, 2016. The Advance Planning Document (APD) is used 
to initiate the EBT planning process. Under the existing collection 
(0584-0043), it is estimated 15 APDs would be submitted each year. The 
current estimate of 15 submissions per year is unchanged. The existing 
recordkeeping and reporting requirements, related to APD documents, 
which were approved under OMB control number 0584-0043, will not change 
as a result of this rule.
    FNS has identified a small burden increase associated with 
providing data to meet the requirement for State agencies to use the 
National UPC database (NUPC database). Section 246.12(cc) requires each 
State agency to use the NUPC database, at a minimum, to submit their 
APL as they begin statewide rollout and as it is updated. The APLs are 
updated as new products are added or removed by each WIC State agency. 
FNS estimates the burden under OMB control number 0584-0043 will 
increase by 40 hours annually based on an estimate of an average of 37 
State agencies expected to have operational EBT systems and who will 
distribute APLs to their WIC-authorized vendors. We estimate 
approximately 30 seconds to submit an APL. Updates are estimated to 
occur 2.5 times per week. The resulting annual burden is increased by 
40 hours total. FNS will publish a 60-Day Federal Register Notice 
requesting comment on this burden increase concurrent with the 
publication of this rulemaking.
    FNS will submit an Information Collection Request to OMB based on 
the provisions of this final rule and comments received on the 60-day 
notice published with this rulemaking. These amended information 
collection requirements will not become effective until approved by 
OMB. When OMB concludes its review, FNS will publish a notice in the 
Federal Register of the action.

E-Government Act Compliance

    The Department is committed to complying with the E-Government Act 
of 2002, to promote the use of the Internet and other information 
technologies to provide increased opportunities for citizen access to 
Government information and services and for other purpose. State Plan 
amendments regarding the implementation of the provisions contained in 
this rule, as is the case with the entire State Plan, may be 
transmitted electronically by the State agency to the Department. Also, 
State agencies may provide WIC Program information, as well as their 
financial reports, to the Department electronically.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 246

    Administrative practice and procedure, Food assistance programs, 
Grant programs--health, Grant programs--social programs, Indians, 
Infants and children, Maternal and child health, Nutrition, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, WIC, Women.

    Accordingly, for reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 246 
is amended as follows:

PART 246--SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS 
AND CHILDREN (WIC)

0
1. The authority citation for part 246 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1786.


0
2. In Sec.  246.2:
0
a. Amend the definition of ``Cash-value voucher'' by adding a second 
sentence.
0
b. Add the definitions of ``Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT)'', ``EBT 
Capable'', ``Multi-function equipment'', ``Single-function equipment'' 
and ``Statewide EBT'' in alphabetical order; and
0
c. Revise the definition of ``Participant violation''.
    The additions and revision read as follows:

[[Page 10449]]

Sec.  246.2  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Cash-value voucher * * * Cash-value voucher is also known as cash-
value benefit (CVB) in an EBT environment.
* * * * *
    Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) means a method that permits 
electronic access to WIC food benefits using a card or other access 
device approved by the Secretary.
    EBT Capable means the WIC vendor demonstrates their cash register 
system or payment device can accurately and securely obtain WIC food 
balances associated with an EBT card, maintain the necessary files such 
as the authorized product list, hot card file and claim file and 
successfully complete WIC EBT purchases.
* * * * *
    Multi-function equipment means Point-of-Sale equipment obtained by 
a WIC vendor through commercial suppliers, which is capable of 
supporting WIC EBT and other payment tender types.
* * * * *
    Participant violation means any deliberate action of a participant, 
parent or caretaker of an infant or child participant, or proxy that 
violates Federal or State statutes, regulations, policies, or 
procedures governing the Program. Participant violations include, but 
are not limited to, deliberately making false or misleading statements 
or deliberately misrepresenting, concealing, or withholding facts, to 
obtain benefits; selling or offering to sell WIC benefits, including 
cash-value vouchers, food instruments, EBT cards, or supplemental foods 
in person, in print, or online; exchanging or attempting to exchange 
WIC benefits, including cash-value vouchers, food instruments, EBT 
cards, or supplemental foods for cash, credit, services, non-food 
items, or unauthorized food items, including supplemental foods in 
excess of those listed on the participant's food instrument; 
threatening to harm or physically harming clinic, farmer, or vendor 
staff; and dual participation.
* * * * *
    Single-function equipment means Point-of-Sale equipment, such as 
barcode scanners, card readers, PIN pads and printers, provided to an 
authorized WIC vendor solely for use with the WIC Program.
* * * * *
    Statewide EBT means the State agency has converted all WIC clinics 
to an EBT delivery method and all authorized vendors are capable of 
transacting EBT purchases.
* * * * *

0
3. In Sec.  246.3, revise paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  246.3  Administration.

* * * * *
    (b) Delegation to the State agency. The State agency is responsible 
for the effective and efficient administration of the Program in 
accordance with the requirements of this part; the Department's 
regulations governing nondiscrimination (7 CFR parts 15, 15a, and 15b); 
governing administration of grants (2 CFR part 200, subparts A through 
F and USDA implementing regulations 2 CFR part 400 and part 415); 
governing non-procurement debarment/suspension (2 CFR part 180, OMB 
Guidelines to Agencies on Government-wide Debarment and Suspension and 
USDA implementing regulations 2 CFR part 417); governing restrictions 
on lobbying (2 CFR part 200, subpart E and USDA implementing 
regulations 2 CFR part 400, part 415, and part 418); and governing the 
drug-free workplace requirements (2 CFR part 182, Government-wide 
Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace); FNS guidelines; and, 
instructions issued under the FNS Directives Management System. The 
State agency shall provide guidance to local agencies on all aspects of 
Program operations.
* * * * *

0
4. In Sec.  246.4:
0
a. Revise paragraph (a)(1).
0
b. Add paragraph (a)(14)(xix).
0
c. Add paragraph (a)(14)(xx).
0
d. Redesignate paragraphs (a)(19) through (a)(28) as paragraphs (a)(20) 
through (a)(29) and add a new paragraph (a)(19).
    The revision and additions read as follows:


Sec.  246.4  State plan.

    (a) * * *
    (1) An outline of the State agency's goals and objectives for 
improving Program operations, to include EBT and/or EBT implementation.
* * * * *
    (14) * * *
    (xix) A description of how the State agency will replace lost, 
stolen, or damaged EBT cards and transfer the associated benefits 
within seven business days.
    (xx) A description of the procedures established by the State 
agency to provide customer service during non-business hours that 
enable participants or proxies to report a lost, stolen, or damaged 
card, report other card or benefit issues, receive information on the 
EBT food balance and receive the current benefit end date. The 
procedures shall address how the State agency will respond to reports 
of a lost, stolen, or damaged card within one business day of the date 
of report.
* * * * *
    (19) The State agency's plan to ensure that participants receive 
required health and nutrition assessments when certified for a period 
of greater than six months.
* * * * *

0
5. In Sec.  246.7, add paragraph (j)(10).


Sec.  246.7  Certification of participants.

* * * * *
    (j) * * *
    (10) During the certification procedure, every Program applicant, 
parent or caretaker shall be informed that selling or offering to sell 
WIC benefits, including cash value vouchers, food instruments, EBT 
cards, or supplemental foods in person, in print, or on-line is a 
participant violation.
* * * * *

0
6. Section 246.12 is amended as follows:
0
a. The section heading is revised.
0
b. Paragraph (a) introductory text is amended by removing the word 
``benefits'' and adding in its place ``benefit'' and by adding a new 
sentence at the end of the paragraph.
0
c. Paragraph (b) is amended by removing the word ``three'' and adding 
in its place ``four''; and by removing the phrase ``or direct 
distribution.'' at the end of the first sentence and adding in its 
place ``direct distribution, or EBT.''
0
d. Paragraph (f)(2)(iii) is amended to add in the second sentence ``or 
in the month of February, 28 or 29 days'' after ``may be used'' and 
before ``, except''.
0
e. Remove paragraph (g)(5) and redesignate paragraphs (g)(6) through 
(g)(11) as (g)(5) through (g)(10), respectively.
0
f. Add paragraphs (h)(3)(xxvii) through (h)(3)(xxxi).
0
g. Add paragraphs (w) through (cc).
    The revision and additions read as follows:


Sec.  246.12  Food delivery methods.

    (a) * * * By October 1, 2020, each State agency shall implement EBT 
statewide, unless granted an exemption under paragraph (w)(2) of this 
section.
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (xxvii) EBT minimum lane coverage. Point of Sale (POS) terminals 
used to support the WIC Program shall be deployed in accordance with 
the

[[Page 10450]]

minimum lane coverage provisions of Sec.  246.12(z)(2). The State 
agency may remove excess terminals if actual redemption activity 
warrants a reduction consistent with the redemption levels outlined in 
Sec.  246.12(z)(2)(i) and (z)(2)(ii).
    (xxviii) EBT third-party processing costs and fees. The vendor 
shall not charge to the State agency any third-party commercial 
processing costs and fees incurred by the vendor from EBT multi-
function equipment. Commercial transaction processing costs and fees 
imposed by a third-party processor that the vendor elects to use to 
connect to the EBT system of the State shall be borne by the vendor.
    (xxix) EBT interchange fees. The State agency shall not pay or 
reimburse the vendor for interchange fees related to WIC EBT 
transactions.
    (xxx) EBT ongoing maintenance and operational costs. The State 
agency shall not pay for ongoing maintenance, processing fees or 
operational costs for vendor systems and equipment used to support WIC 
EBT after the State agency has implemented WIC EBT statewide, unless 
the equipment is used solely for the WIC Program or the State agency 
determines the vendor using multi-function equipment is necessary for 
participant access. This provision also applies to authorized farmers 
and farmers' markets. Costs shared by a WIC State agency will be 
proportional to the usage for the WIC Program.
    (xxxi) Compliance with EBT operating rules, standards and technical 
requirements. The vendor must comply with the Operating rules, 
standards and technical requirements established by the State agency.
* * * * *
    (w) EBT-(1) General. All State agencies shall implement EBT 
statewide in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) EBT exemptions. The Secretary may grant an exemption to the 
October 1, 2020 statewide implementation requirement. To be eligible 
for an exemption, a State agency shall demonstrate to the satisfaction 
of the Secretary one or more of the following:
    (i) There are unusual technological barriers to implementation;
    (ii) Operational costs are not affordable within the nutrition 
services and administration grant of the State agency; or
    (iii) It is in the best interest of the program to grant the 
exemption.
    (3) Implementation date. If the Secretary grants a State agency an 
exemption, such exemption will remain in effect until: The State agency 
no longer meets the conditions on which the exemption was based; the 
Secretary revokes the exemption or for three years from the date the 
exemption was granted, whichever occurs first.
    (x) Electronic benefit requirements--(1) General. State agencies 
using EBT shall issue an electronic benefit that complies with the 
requirements of paragraph (x)(2) of this section.
    (2) Electronic benefits. Each electronic benefit must contain the 
following information:
    (i) Authorized supplemental foods. The supplemental foods 
authorized by food category, subcategory and benefit quantity, to 
include the cash-value benefit;
    (ii) First date of use. The first date of use on which the 
electronic benefit may be used to obtain authorized supplemental foods;
    (iii) Last date of use. The last date on which the electronic 
benefit may be used to obtain authorized supplemental foods. This date 
must be a minimum of 30 days, or in the month of February 28 or 29 
days, from the first date on which it may be used to obtain authorized 
supplemental foods except for the participant's first month of issuance 
when it may be the end of the month or cycle for which the electronic 
benefit is valid; and
    (iv) Benefit issuance identifier. A unique and sequential number. 
This number enables the identification of each benefit change 
(addition, subtraction or update) made to the participant account.
    (3) Vendor identification. The State agency shall ensure each EBT 
purchase submitted for electronic payment is matched to an authorized 
vendor, farmer, or farmers' market prior to authorizing payment. Each 
vendor operated by a single business entity must be identified 
separately.
    (y) EBT management and reporting. (1) The State agency shall follow 
the Department Advance Planning Document (APD) requirements and submit 
Planning and Implementation APD's and appropriate updates, for 
Department approval for planning, development and implementation of 
initial and subsequent EBT systems.
    (2) If a State agency plans to incorporate additional programs in 
the EBT system of the State, the State agency shall consult with State 
agency officials responsible for administering the programs prior to 
submitting the Planning APD (PAPD) document and include the outcome of 
those discussions in the PAPD submission to the Department for 
approval.
    (3) Each State agency shall have an active EBT project by May 31, 
2016. Active EBT project is defined as a formal process of planning, 
implementation, or statewide implementation of WIC EBT.
    (4) Annually as part of the State plan, the State agency shall 
submit EBT project status reports. At a minimum, the annual status 
report shall contain:
    (i) Until operating EBT statewide, an outline of the EBT 
implementation goals and objectives as part of the goals and objectives 
in Sec.  246.4(a)(1), to demonstrate the State agency's progress toward 
statewide EBT implementation;
    (ii) If operating EBT statewide, any information on future EBT 
changes and procurement updates affecting present operations; and
    (iii) Such other information the Secretary may require.
    (5) The State agency shall be responsible for EBT coordination and 
management.
    (z) EBT food delivery methods: Vendor requirements-(1) General. 
State agencies using EBT for delivering benefits shall comply with the 
vendor requirements in paragraphs (g) through (l) of this section. In 
addition, State agencies shall comply with requirements that are 
detailed throughout this paragraph (z).
    (2) Minimum lane coverage. The Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals, 
whether single-function equipment or multi-function equipment, shall be 
deployed as follows:
    (i) Superstores and supermarkets. There will be one POS terminal 
for every $11,000 in monthly WIC redemption up to a total of four POS 
terminals, or the number of lanes in the location, whichever is less. 
At a minimum, terminals shall be installed for monthly WIC redemption 
threshold increments as follows: one terminal for $0 to $11,000; two 
terminals for $11,001 to $22,000; three terminals for $22,001 to 
$33,000; and four terminals for $33,001 and above. A State agency may 
utilize an alternative installation formula with Department approval. 
The monthly redemption levels used for the installation formula shall 
be the average redemptions based on a period of up to 12 months of 
prior redemption;
    (ii) All other vendors. One POS terminal for every $8,000 in 
monthly redemption up to a total of four POS terminals, or the number 
of lanes in the location; whichever is less. At a minimum, terminals 
shall be installed for monthly WIC redemption thresholds as follows: 
one terminal for $0 to $8,000; two terminals for $8,001 to $16,000; 
three terminals for $16,001 to $24,000; and four terminals for $24,001 
and above. A State agency may utilize an alternative installation 
formula with

[[Page 10451]]

Department approval. The monthly redemption levels used for the 
installation formula shall be the average redemptions based on a period 
of up to 12 months of prior redemption;
    (iii) The State agency shall determine the number of appropriate 
POS terminals for authorized farmers and farmers' markets;
    (iv) For newly authorized WIC vendors deemed necessary for 
participant access by the State agency, the vendor shall be provided 
one POS terminal unless the State agency determines other factors in 
this location warrant additional terminals;
    (v) Any authorized vendor who has been equipped with a POS terminal 
by the State agency may submit evidence additional terminals are 
necessary after the initial POS terminals are installed;
    (vi) The State agency may provide authorized vendors with 
additional POS terminals above the minimum number required by this 
paragraph in order to permit WIC participants to obtain a shopping list 
or benefit balance, as long as the number of terminals provided does 
not exceed the number of lanes in the vendor location;
    (vii) The State agency may remove excess POS terminals if actual 
redemption activity warrants a reduction consistent with the redemption 
levels outlined in paragraphs (z)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section.
    (3) Payment to vendors, farmers and farmers' markets. The State 
agency shall ensure that vendors, farmers and farmers' markets are paid 
promptly. Payment must be made in accordance with the established 
Operating Rules and technical requirements after the vendor, farmer or 
farmers' market has submitted a valid electronic claim for payment.
    (aa) Imposition of costs on vendors, farmers and farmers' markets. 
(1) Cost prohibition. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a 
State agency shall not impose the costs of any single-function 
equipment or system required for EBT on any authorized vendor, farmers 
or farmers' markets in order to transact EBT.
    (2) Cost sharing. If WIC Program equipment is multi-function 
equipment, the State agency shall develop cost sharing criteria with 
authorized WIC vendors, farmers and farmers' markets for costs 
associated with such equipment in accordance with Federal cost 
principles. Any cost sharing agreements shall be developed between a 
State agency and its vendors, farmers, or farmers' markets depending on 
the type, scope and capabilities of shared equipment. The State agency 
must furnish its allocation and/or cost sharing methodology to the 
Department as part of the Advanced Planning Document for review and 
approval before incurring costs.
    (3) Fees--(i) Third-party processor costs and fees. The State 
agency shall not pay or reimburse vendors, farmers or farmers' markets 
for third-party processing costs and fees for vendors, farmers, or 
farmers' markets that elect to accept EBT using multi-function 
equipment. The State agency or its agent shall not charge any fees to 
authorized vendors for use of single-function equipment.
    (ii) Interchange fees. The State agency shall not pay or reimburse 
the vendor, farmer or farmers' markets for interchange fees on WIC EBT 
transactions.
    (4) Statewide operations. After completion of statewide EBT 
implementation, the State agency shall not:
    (i) Pay ongoing maintenance, processing fees or operational costs 
for any vendor, farmer or farmers' market utilizing multi-function 
systems and equipment, unless the State agency determines that the 
vendor is necessary for participant access. The State agency shall 
continue to pay ongoing maintenance, processing fees and operational 
costs of single-function equipment;
    (ii) Authorize a vendor, farmer, or farmers' market that cannot 
successfully demonstrate EBT capability in accordance with State agency 
requirements, unless the State agency determines the vendor is 
necessary for participant access.
    (bb) EBT Technical standards and requirements. (1) Each State 
agency, contractor and authorized vendor participating in the program 
shall follow and demonstrate compliance with:
    (i) Operating rules, standards and technical requirements as 
established by the Secretary; and
    (ii) Other industry standards identified by the Secretary.
    (2) The State agency shall establish policy permitting the 
replacement of EBT cards and the transfer of participant benefit 
balances within no more than seven business days following notice by 
the participant or proxy to the State agency.
    (3) The State agency shall establish procedures to provide customer 
service during non-business hours that enable participants or proxies 
to report a lost, stolen, or damaged card, report other card or benefit 
issues, receive information on the EBT food balance and receive the 
current benefit end date. The State agency shall respond to any report 
of a lost, stolen, or damaged card within one business day of the date 
of report. If a State agency seeks to implement alternatives to the 
minimum service requirements, the agency must submit the plan to FNS 
for approval.
    (cc) National universal product codes (UPC) database. The national 
UPC database is to be used by all State agencies using EBT to deliver 
WIC food benefits.

    Dated: February 19, 2016.
Audrey Rowe,
Administrator, Food and Nutrition Service.
[FR Doc. 2016-04261 Filed 2-29-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3410-30-P