Waiver of Acceptable Risk Restriction for Launch, 1472-1474 [2016-00443]
Download as PDF
1472
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 7 / Tuesday, January 12, 2016 / Notices
events that could produce debris
outside of the impact limit lines for a
small portion of the ORBCOMM–2 fly
back operations (where the concern
exists) is within this threshold, even
with input data that assume the worst
case weather conditions. Thus, the FAA
has determined that this waiver will not
jeopardize public health and safety or
the safety of property.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
ii. National Security and Foreign Policy
Implications
The USAF conducted an assessment
of the risk to property on CCAFS,
including assets used for national
security space missions, and has
determined that those risks are
acceptable. The FAA has identified no
national security or foreign policy
implications associated with granting
this waiver.
iii. Public Interest
The waiver is consistent with the
public interest goals of Chapter 509 and
the National Space Transportation
Policy. Three of the public policy goals
of Chapter 509 are: (1) To promote
economic growth and entrepreneurial
activity through use of the space
environment; (2) to encourage the
United States private sector to provide
launch and reentry vehicles and
associated services; and (3) to facilitate
the strengthening and expansion of the
United States space transportation
infrastructure to support the full range
of United States space-related activities.
See 51 U.S.C. 50901(b)(1), (2), (4).
Commercial Space Transportation
Licensing Regulations, Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking, 62 FR 13230
(Mar. 19, 1997). A successful
demonstration of a stage returning to a
launch site has the potential for
reducing launch costs. As it is a major
procurer of launch services, reduced
launch costs will be of direct benefit to
the U.S. Government. It will also help
to make the U.S. launch industry more
competitive internationally. The
National Space Transportation Policy
clearly identifies how strengthening
U.S. competitiveness in the
international launch market and
improving the cost effectiveness of U.S.
space transportation services are in the
public interest: ‘‘Maintaining an assured
capability to meet United States
Government needs, while also taking
the necessary steps to strengthen U.S.
competitiveness in the international
commercial launch market, is important
to ensuring that U.S. space
transportation capabilities will be
reliable, robust, safe, and affordable in
the future. Among other steps,
improving the cost effectiveness of U.S.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:14 Jan 11, 2016
Jkt 238001
space transportation services could help
achieve this goal by allowing the United
States Government to invest a greater
share of its resources in other needs
such as facilities modernization,
technology advancement, scientific
discovery, and national security.
Further, a healthier, more competitive
U.S. space transportation industry
would facilitate new markets, encourage
new industries, create high technology
jobs, lead to greater economic growth
and security, and would further the
Nation’s leadership role in space.’’
SpaceX’s proposed demonstration is in
the public interest.
Issued in Washington, DC, on December
18, 2015.
Kenneth Wong,
Commercial Space Transportation, Licensing
and Evaluation Division Manager.
[FR Doc. 2016–00444 Filed 1–11–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
Waiver of Acceptable Risk Restriction
for Launch
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of waiver.
AGENCY:
This notice concerns two
petitions for waiver submitted to the
FAA by Space Exploration Technologies
Corp. (SpaceX): (1) A petition to waive
the requirement that a waiver request be
submitted at least 60 days before the
effective date of the waiver unless good
cause for later submission is shown in
the petition; and (2) a petition to waive
the restriction that the risk to the public
from the launch of an expendable
launch vehicle not exceed an expected
average number of 0.00003 casualties
(Ec ≤ 30 × 10¥6) from debris.
DATES: This notice is effective January
12, 2016 and is applicable beginning
December 18, 2015.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
technical questions concerning this
waiver, contact Charles P. Brinkman,
Licensing Program Lead, Commercial
Space Transportation—Licensing and
Evaluation Division, 800 Independence
Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;
telephone: (202) 267–7715; email:
Phil.Brinkman@faa.gov. For legal
questions concerning this waiver,
contact Laura Montgomery, Manager,
Space Law Branch, AGC–210, Office of
the Chief Counsel, Regulations Division,
Federal Aviation Administration, 800
Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC 20591; telephone (202)
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
Frm 00087
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
267–3150; email: Laura.Montgomery@
faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On November 19, 2015, SpaceX
submitted a petition, which it revised
on November 24, 2015, to the Federal
Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s)
Office of Commercial Space
Transportation (AST) requesting a
waiver with respect to a launch license
for flight of a Falcon 9 launch vehicle
carrying ORBCOMM–2 satellites.
SpaceX requested a waiver of 14 CFR
417.107(b)(1), which prohibits the
launch of an expendable launch vehicle
if the total expected average number of
casualties (Ec) for the launch exceeds
0.00003 for risk from debris. Because
the scheduled launch was planned to
occur in less than sixty days, SpaceX
also requested a waiver to section
404.3(b)(5), which requires that a
petition for waiver be submitted at least
sixty days before the proposed effective
date of the waiver, which in this case
would be the date of the planned
launch.
The FAA licenses the launch of a
launch vehicle and reentry of a reentry
vehicle under authority granted to the
Secretary of Transportation in the
Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984,
as amended and re-codified by 51 U.S.C.
Subtitle V, chapter 509 (Chapter 509),
and delegated to the FAA Administrator
and the Associate Administrator for
Commercial Space Transportation, who
exercises licensing authority under
Chapter 509.
SpaceX is a private commercial space
flight company. The petition addresses
an upcoming flight that SpaceX plans to
undertake to deliver the ORBCOMM–2
satellites. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launch
vehicle will launch from Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)
and its first stage will fly back to CCAFS
for landing.
The U.S. Air Force advised SpaceX
that the preliminary calculation of Ec for
the launch, including the planned first
stage fly back, shows the launch would
exceed the 0.00003 limit imposed by
section 417.107(b)(1). The 45th Space
Wing Range Safety calculated the total
unmitigated Ec for the mission to be
0.000118 based on daytime populations
on CCAFS, the worst-case December
weather within the 45th Space Wing
Range Safety data files, and 0.9665
reliability assigned to the flight
computer with autonomous engine
shutdown algorithms. The reliability of
the human-activated flight termination
system is 0.999. With mitigation,
namely, the evacuation of all non-
E:\FR\FM\12JAN1.SGM
12JAN1
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 7 / Tuesday, January 12, 2016 / Notices
essential personnel including visitors
and press from CCAFS, risk drops to as
low as 86 × 10¥6 expected casualties,
which is within the Air Force’s criteria
of 100 × 10¥6 expected casualties for the
sum of risks due to impacting inert and
impacting explosive debris, toxic
release, and far field blast overpressure.
Analysis indicates that almost all the
risk is due to debris, with the risk
associated with the latter two hazards
not contributing to the overall risk. The
risk for debris is comprised of 76 × 10¥6
for ascent and fly back, with almost all
of that risk coming from the fly back of
the Falcon 9 first stage to CCAFS.
Downrange overflight of Europe
contributes 7 × 10¥6, and the planned
disposal of the Falcon 9 upper stage in
the southern Pacific Ocean contributes
less than 3 × 10¥6. The FAA recognizes
that any estimate of the Ec for any
launch includes substantial
uncertainties, and presenting these risk
results as precise numbers implies
better accuracy than actually exists.
However, this type of presentation does
allow showing the relative contributions
of each of the risk components. Further,
the risk computed on the day of launch
may be different from the current
estimate above.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Waiver Criteria
Chapter 509 allows the FAA to waive
a license requirement if the waiver (1)
will not jeopardize public health and
safety, safety of property; (2) will not
jeopardize national security and foreign
policy interests of the United States; and
(3) will be in the public interest. 51
U.S.C. 50905(b)(3) (2011); 14 CFR
404.5(b) (2011).
Section 404.3(b)(5) Waiver Petition
Section 404.3(b)(5) requires that a
petition for waiver be submitted at least
sixty days before the proposed effective
date of the waiver, which in this case
would be the date of the planned
launch, currently scheduled for
December 19, 2015. This section also
provides that a petition may be
submitted late for good cause. Here,
SpaceX initially submitted its waiver on
November 19, 2015, which it revised on
November 24, 2015, less than sixty days
before the intended launch date. SpaceX
needed the results of the initial analysis
by the 45th Space Wing Range Safety
before it was evident that a waiver of the
Ec requirement would be required.
Accordingly, the FAA is able to find
good cause.
Section 417.107(b)(1) Waiver Petition
Section 417.107(b)(1) prohibits the
launch of a launch vehicle if the total Ec
for the launch exceeds 0.00003 for
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:14 Jan 11, 2016
Jkt 238001
debris. For reasons described below and
in order to account for the potential
variation in the Ec computed on the day
of launch, the FAA will allow SpaceX
to conduct a mission where the
expected casualty risk due to impacting
inert and impacting explosive debris
exceeds 30 × 10¥6 casualties, provided
the sum of the expected casualty risk
due to debris, toxics, and far field blast
overpressure remains less than or equal
to 100 × 10¥6, which is the Air Force’s
criterion. The expected casualty risks
due to toxics and far field blast
overpressure shall each remain less than
or equal to 30 × 10¥6 in accordance
with 14 CFR 417.107(b)(1).
Launch of the Falcon 9 Vehicle
The FAA waives the debris risk
requirement of section 417.107(b)(1)
because the Falcon 9 launch will not
jeopardize public health and safety or
safety of property, a national security or
foreign policy interest of the United
States, and is in the public interest.
i. Public Health and Safety and Safety
of Property
The Falcon 9 ORBCOMM–2 launch is
the first launch of an orbital expendable
launch vehicle with a planned fly back
of one of its stages to the launch site.
SpaceX has attempted two landings of
its Falcon 9 first stage on a barge on the
ocean off CCAFS. The stages reached
their intended landing spot, but did not
survive the landings. In neither case was
public health or safety or safety of third
party property jeopardized. The damage
to SpaceX’s barge was minimal. The
USAF conducted an assessment of the
risk to property on CCAFS and has
determined that the risks are acceptable.
The total risk that will be permitted
will not exceed the expected casualty
criterion proposed by the FAA in
Changing the Collective Risk Limits for
Launches and Reentries and Clarifying
the Risk Limit Use to Establish Hazard
Areas for Ships and Aircraft, Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking, 79 FR 42241 (Jul.
21, 2014) (Risk NPRM), and used by
NASA, the United States Air Force, and
other U.S. National Test Ranges. See
U.S. Air Force Instruction 91–217,
Space Safety and Mishap Prevention
Program (2010); NASA Procedural
Requirements 8715.5 Rev A, Range
Flight Safety Program (2010); Range
Commanders Council (RCC) Standard
321–10, Common Risk Criteria
Standards for National Test Ranges
(2010). The major contribution to Ec for
this launch of the Falcon 9 is
attributable to the fly back of its first
stage to CCAFS. As part of this mission,
SpaceX intends to demonstrate the
feasibility of returning the first stage to
PO 00000
Frm 00088
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
1473
the launch site for its eventual reuse
instead of disposing it in the ocean.
The current Ec requirement for
government launches from U.S.
National Test Ranges is that risk from
launch may not exceed 100 × 10¥6,
which, because it is comprised of the
sum of the risks from the three principal
hazards of debris, toxics, and
overpressure, means that the federal
launch ranges can permit the risk
attributable to debris to exceed the
FAA’s risk threshold. See Air Force
Instruction 91–217, Space Safety and
Mishap Prevention Program (2010). The
FAA recently proposed a rule similar to
that of U.S. National Test Ranges that
would permit launch to occur so long as
the total risk did not exceed 0.0001. The
FAA has previously waived section
417.107(b)(1) to allow SpaceX to
conduct a launch whose total Ec was
calculated to be between approximately
98 × 10¥6 and 121 × 10¥6, and,
accounting for potential variation on the
day of launch, allowed SpaceX to
conduct the mission as long as Ec did
not exceed 0.00013. 77 FR 24556–01,
2012 WL 1387813. For the reasons
provided in the Risk NPRM and
previous waivers, the FAA considers the
estimated risk of 86 × 10¥6 will not
jeopardize public safety.
ii. National Security and Foreign Policy
Implications
The FAA has identified no national
security or foreign policy implications
associated with granting this waiver.
iii. Public Interest
The waiver is consistent with the
public interest goals of Chapter 509 and
the National Space Transportation
Policy. Three of the public policy goals
of Chapter 509 are: (1) To promote
economic growth and entrepreneurial
activity through use of the space
environment; (2) to encourage the
United States private sector to provide
launch and reentry vehicles and
associated services; and (3) to facilitate
the strengthening and expansion of the
United States space transportation
infrastructure to support the full range
of United States space-related activities.
See 51 U.S.C. 50901(b)(1), (2), (4).
Commercial Space Transportation
Licensing Regulations, Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking, 62 FR 13230
(Mar. 19, 1997). A successful
demonstration of a stage returning to a
launch site has the potential for
reducing launch costs. As it is a major
procurer of launch services, reduced
launch costs will be of direct benefit to
the U.S. Government. It will also help
to make the U.S. launch industry more
competitive internationally. The
E:\FR\FM\12JAN1.SGM
12JAN1
1474
Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 7 / Tuesday, January 12, 2016 / Notices
National Space Transportation Policy
clearly identifies how strengthening US
competitiveness in the international
launch market and improving the cost
effectiveness of US space transportation
services are in the public interests:
‘‘Maintaining an assured capability to
meet United States Government needs,
while also taking the necessary steps to
strengthen U.S. competitiveness in the
international commercial launch
market, is important to ensuring that
U.S. space transportation capabilities
will be reliable, robust, safe, and
affordable in the future. Among other
steps, improving the cost effectiveness
of U.S. space transportation services
could help achieve this goal by allowing
the United States Government to invest
a greater share of its resources in other
needs such as facilities modernization,
technology advancement, scientific
discovery, and national security.
Further, a healthier, more competitive
U.S. space transportation industry
would facilitate new markets, encourage
new industries, create high technology
jobs, lead to greater economic growth
and security, and would further the
Nation’s leadership role in space.’’
SpaceX’s proposed demonstration is in
the public interest.
Issued in Washington, DC, on December
18, 2015.
Kenneth Wong,
Commercial Space Transportation, Licensing
and Evaluation Division Manag.
[FR Doc. 2016–00443 Filed 1–11–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
[Summary Notice No. PE–15–74]
Petition for Exemption; Summary of
Petition Received; Monarch, Inc.
Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice.
AGENCY:
This notice contains a
summary of a petition seeking relief
from specified requirements of title 14
of the Code of Federal Regulations. The
purpose of this notice is to improve the
public’s awareness of, and participation
in, the FAA’s exemption process.
Neither publication of this notice nor
the inclusion or omission of information
in the summary is intended to affect the
legal status of the petition or its final
disposition.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
SUMMARY:
Comments on this petition must
identify the petition docket number and
DATES:
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:14 Jan 11, 2016
Jkt 238001
must be received on or before February
1, 2016.
ADDRESSES: Send comments identified
by docket number FAA–2015–3442
using any of the following methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov and follow
the online instructions for sending your
comments electronically.
• Mail: Send comments to Docket
Operations, M–30; U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West
Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC
20590–0001.
• Hand Delivery or Courier: Take
comments to Docket Operations in
Room W12–140 of the West Building
Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays.
• Fax: Fax comments to Docket
Operations at 202–493–2251.
Privacy: In accordance with 5 U.S.C.
553(c), DOT solicits comments from the
public to better inform its rulemaking
process. DOT posts these comments,
without edit, including any personal
information the commenter provides, to
https://www.regulations.gov, as
described in the system of records
notice (DOT/ALL–14 FDMS), which can
be reviewed at https://www.dot.gov/
privacy.
Docket: Background documents or
comments received may be read at
https://www.regulations.gov at any time.
Follow the online instructions for
accessing the docket or go to the Docket
Operations in Room W12–140 of the
West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dan
Ngo (202) 267–4264, Office of
Rulemaking, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence
Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591.
This notice is published pursuant to
14 CFR 11.85.
Issued in Washington, DC, on January 7,
2016.
Lirio Liu,
Director, Office of Rulemaking.
Petition for Exemption
Docket No.: FAA–2015–3442.
Petitioner: Monarch, Inc.
Section(s) of 14 CFR Affected: 21
Subpart H, 45.23(b), 61.113(a) and (b),
91.7(a), 91.9(b)(2), 91.103, 91.109(a),
91.119(c), 91.121, 91.151(a) and (b),
91.203(a) and (b), 91.405(a),
91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (a)(2), and
91.417(a) and (b)
Description of Relief Sought: The
petitioner requests to use a UAS to
PO 00000
Frm 00089
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
provide a small medical delivery service
between Ridgecrest Regional Hospital
and its remote rural satellite clinics
beyond visual line of sight of the PIC.
[FR Doc. 2016–00415 Filed 1–11–16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration
[Docket No. FMCSA–2015–0347]
Qualification of Drivers; Exemption
Applications; Vision
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration (FMCSA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of applications for
exemptions; request for comments.
AGENCY:
FMCSA announces receipt of
applications from 28 individuals for
exemption from the vision requirement
in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Regulations. They are unable to meet
the vision requirement in one eye for
various reasons. The exemptions will
enable these individuals to operate
commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) in
interstate commerce without meeting
the prescribed vision requirement in
one eye. If granted, the exemptions
would enable these individuals to
qualify as drivers of commercial motor
vehicles (CMVs) in interstate commerce.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before [Insert date 30 days after date
of publication in the Federal Register].
All comments will be investigated by
FMCSA. The exemptions will be issued
the day after the comment period closes.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments
bearing the Federal Docket Management
System (FDMS) Docket No. FMCSA–
2015–0347 using any of the following
methods:
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
on-line instructions for submitting
comments.
• Mail: Docket Management Facility;
U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12–140,
Washington, DC 20590–0001.
• Hand Delivery: West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal
Holidays.
• Fax: 1–202–493–2251.
Instructions: Each submission must
include the Agency name and the
docket numbers for this notice. Note
that all comments received will be
SUMMARY:
E:\FR\FM\12JAN1.SGM
12JAN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 7 (Tuesday, January 12, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 1472-1474]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-00443]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
Waiver of Acceptable Risk Restriction for Launch
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of waiver.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This notice concerns two petitions for waiver submitted to the
FAA by Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX): (1) A petition to
waive the requirement that a waiver request be submitted at least 60
days before the effective date of the waiver unless good cause for
later submission is shown in the petition; and (2) a petition to waive
the restriction that the risk to the public from the launch of an
expendable launch vehicle not exceed an expected average number of
0.00003 casualties (Ec <= 30 x 10-\6\) from
debris.
DATES: This notice is effective January 12, 2016 and is applicable
beginning December 18, 2015.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical questions concerning
this waiver, contact Charles P. Brinkman, Licensing Program Lead,
Commercial Space Transportation--Licensing and Evaluation Division, 800
Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591; telephone: (202) 267-
7715; email: Phil.Brinkman@faa.gov. For legal questions concerning this
waiver, contact Laura Montgomery, Manager, Space Law Branch, AGC-210,
Office of the Chief Counsel, Regulations Division, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;
telephone (202) 267-3150; email: Laura.Montgomery@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On November 19, 2015, SpaceX submitted a petition, which it revised
on November 24, 2015, to the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's)
Office of Commercial Space Transportation (AST) requesting a waiver
with respect to a launch license for flight of a Falcon 9 launch
vehicle carrying ORBCOMM-2 satellites. SpaceX requested a waiver of 14
CFR 417.107(b)(1), which prohibits the launch of an expendable launch
vehicle if the total expected average number of casualties
(Ec) for the launch exceeds 0.00003 for risk from debris.
Because the scheduled launch was planned to occur in less than sixty
days, SpaceX also requested a waiver to section 404.3(b)(5), which
requires that a petition for waiver be submitted at least sixty days
before the proposed effective date of the waiver, which in this case
would be the date of the planned launch.
The FAA licenses the launch of a launch vehicle and reentry of a
reentry vehicle under authority granted to the Secretary of
Transportation in the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, as amended
and re-codified by 51 U.S.C. Subtitle V, chapter 509 (Chapter 509), and
delegated to the FAA Administrator and the Associate Administrator for
Commercial Space Transportation, who exercises licensing authority
under Chapter 509.
SpaceX is a private commercial space flight company. The petition
addresses an upcoming flight that SpaceX plans to undertake to deliver
the ORBCOMM-2 satellites. SpaceX's Falcon 9 launch vehicle will launch
from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) and its first stage will
fly back to CCAFS for landing.
The U.S. Air Force advised SpaceX that the preliminary calculation
of Ec for the launch, including the planned first stage fly
back, shows the launch would exceed the 0.00003 limit imposed by
section 417.107(b)(1). The 45th Space Wing Range Safety calculated the
total unmitigated Ec for the mission to be 0.000118 based on
daytime populations on CCAFS, the worst-case December weather within
the 45th Space Wing Range Safety data files, and 0.9665 reliability
assigned to the flight computer with autonomous engine shutdown
algorithms. The reliability of the human-activated flight termination
system is 0.999. With mitigation, namely, the evacuation of all non-
[[Page 1473]]
essential personnel including visitors and press from CCAFS, risk drops
to as low as 86 x 10-\6\ expected casualties, which is
within the Air Force's criteria of 100 x 10-\6\ expected
casualties for the sum of risks due to impacting inert and impacting
explosive debris, toxic release, and far field blast overpressure.
Analysis indicates that almost all the risk is due to debris, with the
risk associated with the latter two hazards not contributing to the
overall risk. The risk for debris is comprised of 76 x
10-\6\ for ascent and fly back, with almost all of that risk
coming from the fly back of the Falcon 9 first stage to CCAFS.
Downrange overflight of Europe contributes 7 x 10-\6\, and
the planned disposal of the Falcon 9 upper stage in the southern
Pacific Ocean contributes less than 3 x 10-\6\. The FAA
recognizes that any estimate of the Ec for any launch
includes substantial uncertainties, and presenting these risk results
as precise numbers implies better accuracy than actually exists.
However, this type of presentation does allow showing the relative
contributions of each of the risk components. Further, the risk
computed on the day of launch may be different from the current
estimate above.
Waiver Criteria
Chapter 509 allows the FAA to waive a license requirement if the
waiver (1) will not jeopardize public health and safety, safety of
property; (2) will not jeopardize national security and foreign policy
interests of the United States; and (3) will be in the public interest.
51 U.S.C. 50905(b)(3) (2011); 14 CFR 404.5(b) (2011).
Section 404.3(b)(5) Waiver Petition
Section 404.3(b)(5) requires that a petition for waiver be
submitted at least sixty days before the proposed effective date of the
waiver, which in this case would be the date of the planned launch,
currently scheduled for December 19, 2015. This section also provides
that a petition may be submitted late for good cause. Here, SpaceX
initially submitted its waiver on November 19, 2015, which it revised
on November 24, 2015, less than sixty days before the intended launch
date. SpaceX needed the results of the initial analysis by the 45th
Space Wing Range Safety before it was evident that a waiver of the
Ec requirement would be required. Accordingly, the FAA is
able to find good cause.
Section 417.107(b)(1) Waiver Petition
Section 417.107(b)(1) prohibits the launch of a launch vehicle if
the total Ec for the launch exceeds 0.00003 for debris. For
reasons described below and in order to account for the potential
variation in the Ec computed on the day of launch, the FAA
will allow SpaceX to conduct a mission where the expected casualty risk
due to impacting inert and impacting explosive debris exceeds 30 x
10-\6\ casualties, provided the sum of the expected casualty
risk due to debris, toxics, and far field blast overpressure remains
less than or equal to 100 x 10-\6\, which is the Air Force's
criterion. The expected casualty risks due to toxics and far field
blast overpressure shall each remain less than or equal to 30 x
10-\6\ in accordance with 14 CFR 417.107(b)(1).
Launch of the Falcon 9 Vehicle
The FAA waives the debris risk requirement of section 417.107(b)(1)
because the Falcon 9 launch will not jeopardize public health and
safety or safety of property, a national security or foreign policy
interest of the United States, and is in the public interest.
i. Public Health and Safety and Safety of Property
The Falcon 9 ORBCOMM-2 launch is the first launch of an orbital
expendable launch vehicle with a planned fly back of one of its stages
to the launch site. SpaceX has attempted two landings of its Falcon 9
first stage on a barge on the ocean off CCAFS. The stages reached their
intended landing spot, but did not survive the landings. In neither
case was public health or safety or safety of third party property
jeopardized. The damage to SpaceX's barge was minimal. The USAF
conducted an assessment of the risk to property on CCAFS and has
determined that the risks are acceptable.
The total risk that will be permitted will not exceed the expected
casualty criterion proposed by the FAA in Changing the Collective Risk
Limits for Launches and Reentries and Clarifying the Risk Limit Use to
Establish Hazard Areas for Ships and Aircraft, Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking, 79 FR 42241 (Jul. 21, 2014) (Risk NPRM), and used by NASA,
the United States Air Force, and other U.S. National Test Ranges. See
U.S. Air Force Instruction 91-217, Space Safety and Mishap Prevention
Program (2010); NASA Procedural Requirements 8715.5 Rev A, Range Flight
Safety Program (2010); Range Commanders Council (RCC) Standard 321-10,
Common Risk Criteria Standards for National Test Ranges (2010). The
major contribution to Ec for this launch of the Falcon 9 is
attributable to the fly back of its first stage to CCAFS. As part of
this mission, SpaceX intends to demonstrate the feasibility of
returning the first stage to the launch site for its eventual reuse
instead of disposing it in the ocean.
The current Ec requirement for government launches from
U.S. National Test Ranges is that risk from launch may not exceed 100 x
10-\6\, which, because it is comprised of the sum of the
risks from the three principal hazards of debris, toxics, and
overpressure, means that the federal launch ranges can permit the risk
attributable to debris to exceed the FAA's risk threshold. See Air
Force Instruction 91-217, Space Safety and Mishap Prevention Program
(2010). The FAA recently proposed a rule similar to that of U.S.
National Test Ranges that would permit launch to occur so long as the
total risk did not exceed 0.0001. The FAA has previously waived section
417.107(b)(1) to allow SpaceX to conduct a launch whose total
Ec was calculated to be between approximately 98 x
10-\6\ and 121 x 10-\6\, and, accounting for
potential variation on the day of launch, allowed SpaceX to conduct the
mission as long as Ec did not exceed 0.00013. 77 FR 24556-
01, 2012 WL 1387813. For the reasons provided in the Risk NPRM and
previous waivers, the FAA considers the estimated risk of 86 x
10-\6\ will not jeopardize public safety.
ii. National Security and Foreign Policy Implications
The FAA has identified no national security or foreign policy
implications associated with granting this waiver.
iii. Public Interest
The waiver is consistent with the public interest goals of Chapter
509 and the National Space Transportation Policy. Three of the public
policy goals of Chapter 509 are: (1) To promote economic growth and
entrepreneurial activity through use of the space environment; (2) to
encourage the United States private sector to provide launch and
reentry vehicles and associated services; and (3) to facilitate the
strengthening and expansion of the United States space transportation
infrastructure to support the full range of United States space-related
activities. See 51 U.S.C. 50901(b)(1), (2), (4). Commercial Space
Transportation Licensing Regulations, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 62
FR 13230 (Mar. 19, 1997). A successful demonstration of a stage
returning to a launch site has the potential for reducing launch costs.
As it is a major procurer of launch services, reduced launch costs will
be of direct benefit to the U.S. Government. It will also help to make
the U.S. launch industry more competitive internationally. The
[[Page 1474]]
National Space Transportation Policy clearly identifies how
strengthening US competitiveness in the international launch market and
improving the cost effectiveness of US space transportation services
are in the public interests: ``Maintaining an assured capability to
meet United States Government needs, while also taking the necessary
steps to strengthen U.S. competitiveness in the international
commercial launch market, is important to ensuring that U.S. space
transportation capabilities will be reliable, robust, safe, and
affordable in the future. Among other steps, improving the cost
effectiveness of U.S. space transportation services could help achieve
this goal by allowing the United States Government to invest a greater
share of its resources in other needs such as facilities modernization,
technology advancement, scientific discovery, and national security.
Further, a healthier, more competitive U.S. space transportation
industry would facilitate new markets, encourage new industries, create
high technology jobs, lead to greater economic growth and security, and
would further the Nation's leadership role in space.'' SpaceX's
proposed demonstration is in the public interest.
Issued in Washington, DC, on December 18, 2015.
Kenneth Wong,
Commercial Space Transportation, Licensing and Evaluation Division
Manag.
[FR Doc. 2016-00443 Filed 1-11-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P