Step N Grip, LLC; Analysis To Aid Public Comment, 67740-67742 [2015-27934]
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67740
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 212 / Tuesday, November 3, 2015 / Notices
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System, October 29, 2015.
Michael J. Lewandowski,
Associate Secretary of the Board.
[FR Doc. 2015–27981 Filed 11–2–15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6210–01–P
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Formations of, Acquisitions by, and
Mergers of Bank Holding Companies
The companies listed in this notice
have applied to the Board for approval,
pursuant to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841 et se.) (BHC
Act), Regulation Y (12 CFR part 225),
and all other applicable statutes and
regulations to become a bank holding
company and/or to acquire the assets or
the ownership of, control of, or the
power to vote shares of a bank or bank
holding company and all of the banks
and nonbanking companies owned by
the bank holding company, including
the companies listed below.
The applications listed below, as well
as other related filings required by the
Board, are available for immediate
inspection at the Federal Reserve Bank
indicated. The applications will also be
available for inspection at the offices of
the Board of Governors. Interested
persons may express their views in
writing on the standards enumerated in
the BHC Act (12 U.S.C. 1842(c)). If the
proposal also involves the acquisition of
a nonbanking company, the review also
includes whether the acquisition of the
nonbanking company complies with the
standards in section 4 of the BHC Act
(12 U.S.C. 1843). Unless otherwise
noted, nonbanking activities will be
conducted throughout the United States.
Unless otherwise noted, comments
regarding each of these applications
must be received at the Reserve Bank
indicated or the offices of the Board of
Governors not later than November 27,
2015.
A. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
(Nadine Wallman, Vice President) 1455
East Sixth Street, Cleveland, Ohio
44101–2566:
1. Citizens National Corporation,
Winchester, Kentucky; to acquire 100
percent of the voting shares of Alliance
Banking Company, Winchester,
Kentucky.
B. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
(Adam M. Drimer, Assistant Vice
President) 701 East Byrd Street,
Richmond, Virginia 23261–4528:
1. Park Sterling Corporation,
Charlotte, North Carolina; to acquire
100 percent of the voting shares of First
Capital Bancorp, Inc., and thereby
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indirectly acquire First Capital Bank,
both in Glen Allen, Virginia.
C. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
(Colette A. Fried, Assistant Vice
President) 230 South LaSalle Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60690–1414:
1. Community Financial Corp.,
Edgewood, Iowa; to acquire 100 percent
of Linn County State Bank, Coggon,
Iowa.
D. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(Yvonne Sparks, Community
Development Officer) P.O. Box 442, St.
Louis, Missouri 63166–2034:
1. Citizens Bancshares of Batesville,
Inc., Batesville, Arkansas; to acquire 100
percent of Parkway Bank, Rogers,
Arkansas.
E. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
(Robert L. Triplett III, Senior Vice
President) 2200 North Pearl Street,
Dallas, Texas 75201–2272:
1. Normangee Bancshares, Inc.,
Normangee, Texas; to become a bank
holding company by acquiring 100
percent of Normangee State Bank,
Normangee, Texas.
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System, October 29, 2015.
Michael J. Lewandowski,
Associate Secretary of the Board.
[FR Doc. 2015–27982 Filed 11–2–15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6210–01–P
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
[File No. 151 0181]
Step N Grip, LLC; Analysis To Aid
Public Comment
Federal Trade Commission.
Proposed consent agreement.
AGENCY:
ACTION:
The consent agreement in this
matter settles alleged violations of
federal law prohibiting unfair methods
of competition. The attached Analysis to
Aid Public Comment describes both the
allegations in the draft complaint and
the terms of the consent order—
embodied in the consent agreement—
that would settle these allegations.
DATES: Comments must be received on
or before November 27, 2015.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties may file a
comment at https://ftcpublic.comment
works.com/ftc/stepngripconsent online
or on paper, by following the
instructions in the Request for Comment
part of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
section below. Write ‘‘Step N Grip,
LLC—Consent Agreement; File No. 151
0181’’ on your comment and file your
comment online at https://ftcpublic.
commentworks.com/ftc/stepngrip
consent by following the instructions on
the web-based form. If you prefer to file
SUMMARY:
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your comment on paper, write ‘‘Step N
Grip, LLC—Consent Agreement; File
No. 151 0181’’ on your comment and on
the envelope, and mail your comment to
the following address: Federal Trade
Commission, Office of the Secretary,
600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite
CC–5610 (Annex D), Washington, DC
20580, or deliver your comment to the
following address: Federal Trade
Commission, Office of the Secretary,
Constitution Center, 400 7th Street SW.,
5th Floor, Suite 5610 (Annex D),
Washington, DC 20024.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Michael Turner (202–326–3649). Bureau
of Competition, 600 Pennsylvania
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20580.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant
to Section 6(f) of the Federal Trade
Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. 46(f), and
FTC Rule 2.34, 16 CFR 2.34, notice is
hereby given that the above-captioned
consent agreement containing consent
order to cease and desist, having been
filed with and accepted, subject to final
approval, by the Commission, has been
placed on the public record for a period
of thirty (30) days. The following
Analysis to Aid Public Comment
describes the terms of the consent
agreement, and the allegations in the
complaint. An electronic copy of the
full text of the consent agreement
package can be obtained from the FTC
Home Page (for October 27, 2015), on
the World Wide Web, at https://www.ftc.
gov/os/actions.shtm.
You can file a comment online or on
paper. For the Commission to consider
your comment, we must receive it on or
before November 27, 2015. Write ‘‘Step
N Grip, LLC—Consent Agreement; File
No. 151 0181’’ on your comment. Your
comment—including your name and
your state—will be placed on the public
record of this proceeding, including, to
the extent practicable, on the public
Commission Web site, at https://www.ftc.
gov/os/publiccomments.shtm. As a
matter of discretion, the Commission
tries to remove individuals’ home
contact information from comments
before placing them on the Commission
Web site.
Because your comment will be made
public, you are solely responsible for
making sure that your comment does
not include any sensitive personal
information, like anyone’s Social
Security number, date of birth, driver’s
license number or other state
identification number or foreign country
equivalent, passport number, financial
account number, or credit or debit card
number. You are also solely responsible
for making sure that your comment does
not include any sensitive health
E:\FR\FM\03NON1.SGM
03NON1
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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 212 / Tuesday, November 3, 2015 / Notices
information, like medical records or
other individually identifiable health
information. In addition, do not include
any ‘‘[t]rade secret or any commercial or
financial information which . . . is
privileged or confidential,’’ as discussed
in Section 6(f) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C.
46(f), and FTC Rule 4.10(a)(2), 16 CFR
4.10(a)(2). In particular, do not include
competitively sensitive information
such as costs, sales statistics,
inventories, formulas, patterns, devices,
manufacturing processes, or customer
names.
If you want the Commission to give
your comment confidential treatment,
you must file it in paper form, with a
request for confidential treatment, and
you have to follow the procedure
explained in FTC Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR
4.9(c).1 Your comment will be kept
confidential only if the FTC General
Counsel, in his or her sole discretion,
grants your request in accordance with
the law and the public interest.
Postal mail addressed to the
Commission is subject to delay due to
heightened security screening. As a
result, we encourage you to submit your
comments online. To make sure that the
Commission considers your online
comment, you must file it at https://
ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/
stepngripconsent by following the
instructions on the web-based form. If
this Notice appears at https://www.
regulations.gov/#!home, you also may
file a comment through that Web site.
If you file your comment on paper,
write ‘‘Step N Grip, LLC—Consent
Agreement; File No. 151 0181’’ on your
comment and on the envelope, and mail
your comment to the following address:
Federal Trade Commission, Office of the
Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue
NW., Suite CC–5610 (Annex D),
Washington, DC 20580, or deliver your
comment to the following address:
Federal Trade Commission, Office of the
Secretary, Constitution Center, 400 7th
Street SW., 5th Floor, Suite 5610
(Annex D), Washington, DC 20024. If
possible, submit your paper comment to
the Commission by courier or overnight
service.
Visit the Commission Web site at
https://www.ftc.gov to read this Notice
and the news release describing it. The
FTC Act and other laws that the
Commission administers permit the
collection of public comments to
consider and use in this proceeding as
appropriate. The Commission will
1 In particular, the written request for confidential
treatment that accompanies the comment must
include the factual and legal basis for the request,
and must identify the specific portions of the
comment to be withheld from the public record. See
FTC Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c).
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18:04 Nov 02, 2015
Jkt 238001
consider all timely and responsive
public comments that it receives on or
before November 27, 2015. You can find
more information, including routine
uses permitted by the Privacy Act, in
the Commission’s privacy policy, at
https://www.ftc.gov/ftc/privacy.htm.
Analysis of Agreement Containing
Consent Order to Aid Public Comment
The Federal Trade Commission
(‘‘Commission’’) has accepted, subject to
final approval, an agreement containing
consent order (‘‘Consent Agreement’’)
from Step N Grip, LLC (‘‘Step N Grip’’).
The Commission’s Complaint alleges
that Step N Grip violated Section 5 of
the Federal Trade Commission Act, as
amended, 15 U.S.C. 45, by inviting a
competitor in the sale of certain rug
devices to set and raise prices.
Under the terms of the proposed
Consent Agreement, Step N Grip is
required to cease and desist from
communicating with its competitors
about prices. It is also barred from
entering into, participating in, inviting,
or soliciting an agreement with any
competitor to divide markets, to allocate
customers, or to fix prices.
The Consent Agreement has been
placed on the public record for 30 days
for receipt of comments from interested
members of the public. Comments
received during this period will become
part of the public record. After 30 days,
the Commission will review the Consent
Agreement again and the comments
received, and will decide whether it
should withdraw from the Consent
Agreement or make final the
accompanying Decision and Order
(‘‘Proposed Order’’).
The purpose of this Analysis to Aid
Public Comment is to invite and
facilitate public comment. It is not
intended to constitute an official
interpretation of the proposed Consent
Agreement and the accompanying
Proposed Order or in any way to modify
their terms.
I. The Complaints
The allegations of the Complaint are
summarized below:
Step N Grip markets and sells a
device called NeverCurl that is intended
to keep the corners of a rug from
curling. Step N Grip sells NeverCurl
primarily through Amazon.com; Step N
Grip also sells NeverCurl through its
own Web site.
Step N Grip’s closest competitor in
the sale of such rug devices is
Competitor A, a company that also sells
its product on Amazon.com. For several
months prior to June 1, 2015, Step N
Grip generally priced NeverCurl at
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$13.95 per package, while Competitor A
priced its product at $16.99 per package.
On June 1, 2015, Competitor A
lowered its price on Amazon.com to
$13.49 in an effort to compete more
aggressively with Step N Grip. In
response, Step N Grip lowered its price
on Amazon.com to $12.95.
On June 7, 2015, Competitor A
lowered its price on Amazon.com to
$11.95 in response to Step N Grip. That
same day, Step N Grip lowered its price
to $11.95 on Amazon.com and sent an
email message to Competitor A. The
communication, in its entirety, read:
‘‘We both sell at $12.95? Or, $11.95?’’
Competitor A reported the
communication to the FTC.
II. Analysis
Step N Grip’s June 7 message to
Competitor A is plainly an attempt to
arrange an agreement between the two
companies setting and increasing the
price of their competing products. It is
an invitation to collude. The
Commission has long held that
invitations to collude violate Section 5
of the FTC Act, and this is unaltered by
the Commission’s recent Statement on
Section 5.
In a recent statement, the Commission
explained that unfair methods of
competition under Section 5 ‘‘must
cause, or be likely to cause, harm to
competition or the competitive process,
taking into account any associated
cognizable efficiencies and business
justifications.’’ 2 Potential violations are
evaluated under a ‘‘framework similar to
the rule of reason.’’ 3 Competitive effects
analysis under the rule of reason
depends upon the nature of the conduct
that is under review.4
An invitation to collude is
‘‘potentially harmful and . . . serves no
legitimate business purpose.’’5 For this
2 Fed. Trade Comm’n, Statement of Enforcement
Principles Regarding ‘‘Unfair Methods of
Competition’’ Under Section 5 of the FTC Act (Aug.
13, 2015) (Section 5 Unfair Methods of Competition
Policy Statement), available at https://www.ftc.gov/
system/files/documents/public_statements/735201/
150813section5enforcement.pdf. Commissioner
Ohlhausen dissented from the issuance of the
Section 5 Unfair Methods of Competition Policy
Statement. See https://www.ftc.gov/publicstatements/2015/08/dissenting-statementcommissioner-ohlhausen-ftc-act-section-5-policy.
3 Section 5 Unfair Methods of Competition Policy
Statement.
4 See, e.g., California Dental Ass’n v. FTC, 526
U.S. 756, 781 (1999) (‘‘What is required . . . is an
inquiry meet for the case, looking to the
circumstances, details, and logic of a restraint.’’).
5 In re Valassis Commc’ns., Inc., 141 F.T.C. 247,
283 (2006) (Analysis of Agreement Containing
Consent Order to Aid Public Comment); see also
Address by FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez,
Section 5 Enforcement Principles, George
Washington University Law School at 5 (Aug. 13,
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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 212 / Tuesday, November 3, 2015 / Notices
reason, the Commission treats such
conduct as ‘‘inherently suspect’’ (that is,
presumptively anticompetitive).6 This
means that an invitation to collude can
be condemned under Section 5 without
a showing that the respondent possesses
market power.7
The Commission has long held that an
invitation to collude violates Section 5
of the FTC Act even where there is no
proof that the competitor accepted the
invitation.8 There are various reasons
for this. First, unaccepted solicitations
may facilitate coordination between
competitors because they reveal
information about the solicitor’s
intentions or preferences. Second, it can
be difficult to discern whether a
competitor has accepted a solicitation.
Third, finding a violation may deter
similar conduct—conduct that has no
legitimate business purpose.9
III. The Proposed Consent Order
implementing, enforcing, inviting,
offering, or soliciting an agreement with
any competitor to divide markets, to
allocate customers, or to fix prices.
Section II, Paragraph C bars Step N
Grip from urging any competitor to
raise, fix or maintain its price or rate
levels or to limit or reduce service terms
or levels.
Section II, Paragraph D forbids Step N
Grip from instructing or encouraging a
distributor or seller to engage in the
conduct proscribed in Section II,
Paragraphs A through C.
Sections III–VI of the Proposed Order
impose certain standard reporting and
compliance requirements on Step N
Grip.
The Proposed Order will expire in 20
years.
By direction of the Commission.
Donald S. Clark,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2015–27934 Filed 11–2–15; 8:45 am]
The Proposed Order contains the
following substantive provisions:
Section II, Paragraph A of the
Proposed Order enjoins Step N Grip
from communicating with its
competitors about rates or prices, with
a proviso permitting public posting of
rates.
Section II, Paragraph B prohibits Step
N Grip from entering into, participating
in, maintaining, organizing,
BILLING CODE 6750–01–P
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
Granting of Request for Early
Termination of the Waiting Period
Under the Premerger Notification
Rules
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust
Improvements Act of 1976, requires
persons contemplating certain mergers
or acquisitions to give the Federal Trade
Commission and the Assistant Attorney
General advance notice and to wait
designated periods before
consummation of such plans. Section
7A(b)(2) of the Act permits the agencies,
in individual cases, to terminate this
waiting period prior to its expiration
and requires that notice of this action be
published in the Federal Register.
The following transactions were
granted early termination—on the dates
indicated—of the waiting period
provided by law and the premerger
notification rules. The listing for each
transaction includes the transaction
number and the parties to the
transaction. The grants were made by
the Federal Trade Commission and the
Assistant Attorney General for the
Antitrust Division of the Department of
Justice. Neither agency intends to take
any action with respect to these
proposed acquisitions during the
applicable waiting period.
Section 7A of the Clayton Act, 15
U.S.C. 18a, as added by Title II of the
EARLY TERMINATIONS GRANTED
MARCH 1, 2015 THRU SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
03/03/2015
20150580 ......
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FMR LLC; The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America; FMR LLC.
03/06/2015
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20150638
20150639
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20150651
20150655
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Accenture plc; Robert E LaRose Revocable Trust; Accenture plc.
Hitachi Ltd.; Pentaho Corporation; Hitachi Ltd.
Healthstream, Inc.; Dan Littrell; Healthstream, Inc.
Elliott International Limited; Informatica Corporation; Elliott International Limited.
3M Company; Ivera Medical Corporation; 3M Company.
Elliott Associates, L.P.; Informatica Corporation; Elliott Associates, L.P.
Fir Tree Value Master Fund, L.P.; CDK Global, Inc.; Fir Tree Value Master Fund, L.P.
Harbour Group Investments VI, L.P.; Audax Private Equity Fund III, L.P.; Harbour Group Investments VI, L.P.
Berwind Corporation; Windjammer Senior Equity Fund III, L.P.; Berwind Corporation.
2015), available at https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/
documents/public_statements/735411/150813
section5speech.pdf.
6 See, e.g., In re North Carolina Bd. of Dental
Examiners, 152 F.T.C. 640, 668 (2011) (noting that
inherently suspect conduct is such that be
‘‘reasonably characterized as ‘giv[ing] rise to an
intuitively obviously inference of anticompetitive
effect.’’’ (citation omitted)).
7 See, e.g., In re Realcomp II, Ltd., 148 F.T.C.
___, No. 9320, 2009 FTC LEXIS 250 at *51 (Oct. 30,
2009) (Comm’n Op.) (explaining that if conduct is
‘‘inherently suspect’’ in nature, and there are no
cognizable procompetitive justifications, the
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19:22 Nov 02, 2015
Jkt 238001
Commission can condemn it ‘‘without proof of
market power or actual effects’’).
8 See, e.g., In re Valassis Commc’ns, Inc., 141
F.T.C. 247 (2006); In re Stone Container, 125 F.T.C.
853 (1998); In re Precision Moulding, 122 F.T.C. 104
(1996). See also In re McWane, Inc., Docket No.
9351, Opinion of the Commission on Motions for
Summary Decision at 20–21 (F.T.C. Aug. 9, 2012)
(‘‘an invitation to collude is ‘the quintessential
example of the kind of conduct that should be . . .
challenged as a violation of Section 5’ ’’) (citing the
Statement of Chairman Leibowitz and
Commissioners Kovacic and Rosch, In re U-Haul
Int’l, Inc., 150 F.T.C. 1, 53 (2010)). This conclusion
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has been endorsed by leading antitrust scholars. See
P. Areeda & H. Hovenkamp, VI ANTITRUST LAW
¶ 1419 (2003); Stephen Calkins, Counterpoint: The
Legal Foundation of the Commission’s Use of
Section 5 to Challenge Invitations to Collude is
Secure, ANTITRUST Spring 2000, at 69. In a case
brought under a state’s version of Section 5, the
First Circuit expressed support for the
Commission’s application of Section 5 to
invitations to collude. Liu v. Amerco, 677 F.3d 489
(1st Cir. 2012).
9 In re Valassis Comm’c, Inc., 141 F.T.C. 247, 283
(2006) (Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent
Order to Aid Public Comment).
E:\FR\FM\03NON1.SGM
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 212 (Tuesday, November 3, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 67740-67742]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-27934]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
[File No. 151 0181]
Step N Grip, LLC; Analysis To Aid Public Comment
AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission.
ACTION: Proposed consent agreement.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The consent agreement in this matter settles alleged
violations of federal law prohibiting unfair methods of competition.
The attached Analysis to Aid Public Comment describes both the
allegations in the draft complaint and the terms of the consent order--
embodied in the consent agreement--that would settle these allegations.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 27, 2015.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties may file a comment at https://ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/stepngripconsent online or on paper, by
following the instructions in the Request for Comment part of the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section below. Write ``Step N Grip, LLC--
Consent Agreement; File No. 151 0181'' on your comment and file your
comment online at https://ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/stepngripconsent by following the instructions on the web-based form.
If you prefer to file your comment on paper, write ``Step N Grip, LLC--
Consent Agreement; File No. 151 0181'' on your comment and on the
envelope, and mail your comment to the following address: Federal Trade
Commission, Office of the Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite
CC-5610 (Annex D), Washington, DC 20580, or deliver your comment to the
following address: Federal Trade Commission, Office of the Secretary,
Constitution Center, 400 7th Street SW., 5th Floor, Suite 5610 (Annex
D), Washington, DC 20024.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael Turner (202-326-3649). Bureau
of Competition, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20580.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant to Section 6(f) of the Federal
Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. 46(f), and FTC Rule 2.34, 16 CFR 2.34,
notice is hereby given that the above-captioned consent agreement
containing consent order to cease and desist, having been filed with
and accepted, subject to final approval, by the Commission, has been
placed on the public record for a period of thirty (30) days. The
following Analysis to Aid Public Comment describes the terms of the
consent agreement, and the allegations in the complaint. An electronic
copy of the full text of the consent agreement package can be obtained
from the FTC Home Page (for October 27, 2015), on the World Wide Web,
at https://www.ftc.gov/os/actions.shtm.
You can file a comment online or on paper. For the Commission to
consider your comment, we must receive it on or before November 27,
2015. Write ``Step N Grip, LLC--Consent Agreement; File No. 151 0181''
on your comment. Your comment--including your name and your state--will
be placed on the public record of this proceeding, including, to the
extent practicable, on the public Commission Web site, at https://www.ftc.gov/os/publiccomments.shtm. As a matter of discretion, the
Commission tries to remove individuals' home contact information from
comments before placing them on the Commission Web site.
Because your comment will be made public, you are solely
responsible for making sure that your comment does not include any
sensitive personal information, like anyone's Social Security number,
date of birth, driver's license number or other state identification
number or foreign country equivalent, passport number, financial
account number, or credit or debit card number. You are also solely
responsible for making sure that your comment does not include any
sensitive health
[[Page 67741]]
information, like medical records or other individually identifiable
health information. In addition, do not include any ``[t]rade secret or
any commercial or financial information which . . . is privileged or
confidential,'' as discussed in Section 6(f) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C.
46(f), and FTC Rule 4.10(a)(2), 16 CFR 4.10(a)(2). In particular, do
not include competitively sensitive information such as costs, sales
statistics, inventories, formulas, patterns, devices, manufacturing
processes, or customer names.
If you want the Commission to give your comment confidential
treatment, you must file it in paper form, with a request for
confidential treatment, and you have to follow the procedure explained
in FTC Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c).\1\ Your comment will be kept
confidential only if the FTC General Counsel, in his or her sole
discretion, grants your request in accordance with the law and the
public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In particular, the written request for confidential
treatment that accompanies the comment must include the factual and
legal basis for the request, and must identify the specific portions
of the comment to be withheld from the public record. See FTC Rule
4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Postal mail addressed to the Commission is subject to delay due to
heightened security screening. As a result, we encourage you to submit
your comments online. To make sure that the Commission considers your
online comment, you must file it at https://ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/stepngripconsent by following the instructions on the web-based
form. If this Notice appears at https://www.regulations.gov/#!home, you
also may file a comment through that Web site.
If you file your comment on paper, write ``Step N Grip, LLC--
Consent Agreement; File No. 151 0181'' on your comment and on the
envelope, and mail your comment to the following address: Federal Trade
Commission, Office of the Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Suite
CC-5610 (Annex D), Washington, DC 20580, or deliver your comment to the
following address: Federal Trade Commission, Office of the Secretary,
Constitution Center, 400 7th Street SW., 5th Floor, Suite 5610 (Annex
D), Washington, DC 20024. If possible, submit your paper comment to the
Commission by courier or overnight service.
Visit the Commission Web site at https://www.ftc.gov to read this
Notice and the news release describing it. The FTC Act and other laws
that the Commission administers permit the collection of public
comments to consider and use in this proceeding as appropriate. The
Commission will consider all timely and responsive public comments that
it receives on or before November 27, 2015. You can find more
information, including routine uses permitted by the Privacy Act, in
the Commission's privacy policy, at https://www.ftc.gov/ftc/privacy.htm.
Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Order to Aid Public Comment
The Federal Trade Commission (``Commission'') has accepted, subject
to final approval, an agreement containing consent order (``Consent
Agreement'') from Step N Grip, LLC (``Step N Grip''). The Commission's
Complaint alleges that Step N Grip violated Section 5 of the Federal
Trade Commission Act, as amended, 15 U.S.C. 45, by inviting a
competitor in the sale of certain rug devices to set and raise prices.
Under the terms of the proposed Consent Agreement, Step N Grip is
required to cease and desist from communicating with its competitors
about prices. It is also barred from entering into, participating in,
inviting, or soliciting an agreement with any competitor to divide
markets, to allocate customers, or to fix prices.
The Consent Agreement has been placed on the public record for 30
days for receipt of comments from interested members of the public.
Comments received during this period will become part of the public
record. After 30 days, the Commission will review the Consent Agreement
again and the comments received, and will decide whether it should
withdraw from the Consent Agreement or make final the accompanying
Decision and Order (``Proposed Order'').
The purpose of this Analysis to Aid Public Comment is to invite and
facilitate public comment. It is not intended to constitute an official
interpretation of the proposed Consent Agreement and the accompanying
Proposed Order or in any way to modify their terms.
I. The Complaints
The allegations of the Complaint are summarized below:
Step N Grip markets and sells a device called NeverCurl that is
intended to keep the corners of a rug from curling. Step N Grip sells
NeverCurl primarily through Amazon.com; Step N Grip also sells
NeverCurl through its own Web site.
Step N Grip's closest competitor in the sale of such rug devices is
Competitor A, a company that also sells its product on Amazon.com. For
several months prior to June 1, 2015, Step N Grip generally priced
NeverCurl at $13.95 per package, while Competitor A priced its product
at $16.99 per package.
On June 1, 2015, Competitor A lowered its price on Amazon.com to
$13.49 in an effort to compete more aggressively with Step N Grip. In
response, Step N Grip lowered its price on Amazon.com to $12.95.
On June 7, 2015, Competitor A lowered its price on Amazon.com to
$11.95 in response to Step N Grip. That same day, Step N Grip lowered
its price to $11.95 on Amazon.com and sent an email message to
Competitor A. The communication, in its entirety, read: ``We both sell
at $12.95? Or, $11.95?''
Competitor A reported the communication to the FTC.
II. Analysis
Step N Grip's June 7 message to Competitor A is plainly an attempt
to arrange an agreement between the two companies setting and
increasing the price of their competing products. It is an invitation
to collude. The Commission has long held that invitations to collude
violate Section 5 of the FTC Act, and this is unaltered by the
Commission's recent Statement on Section 5.
In a recent statement, the Commission explained that unfair methods
of competition under Section 5 ``must cause, or be likely to cause,
harm to competition or the competitive process, taking into account any
associated cognizable efficiencies and business justifications.'' \2\
Potential violations are evaluated under a ``framework similar to the
rule of reason.'' \3\ Competitive effects analysis under the rule of
reason depends upon the nature of the conduct that is under review.\4\
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\2\ Fed. Trade Comm'n, Statement of Enforcement Principles
Regarding ``Unfair Methods of Competition'' Under Section 5 of the
FTC Act (Aug. 13, 2015) (Section 5 Unfair Methods of Competition
Policy Statement), available at https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/735201/150813section5enforcement.pdf.
Commissioner Ohlhausen dissented from the issuance of the Section 5
Unfair Methods of Competition Policy Statement. See https://www.ftc.gov/public-statements/2015/08/dissenting-statement-commissioner-ohlhausen-ftc-act-section-5-policy.
\3\ Section 5 Unfair Methods of Competition Policy Statement.
\4\ See, e.g., California Dental Ass'n v. FTC, 526 U.S. 756, 781
(1999) (``What is required . . . is an inquiry meet for the case,
looking to the circumstances, details, and logic of a restraint.'').
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An invitation to collude is ``potentially harmful and . . . serves
no legitimate business purpose.''\5\ For this
[[Page 67742]]
reason, the Commission treats such conduct as ``inherently suspect''
(that is, presumptively anticompetitive).\6\ This means that an
invitation to collude can be condemned under Section 5 without a
showing that the respondent possesses market power.\7\
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\5\ In re Valassis Commc'ns., Inc., 141 F.T.C. 247, 283 (2006)
(Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Order to Aid Public
Comment); see also Address by FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez, Section
5 Enforcement Principles, George Washington University Law School at
5 (Aug. 13, 2015), available at https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/735411/150813section5speech.pdf.
\6\ See, e.g., In re North Carolina Bd. of Dental Examiners, 152
F.T.C. 640, 668 (2011) (noting that inherently suspect conduct is
such that be ``reasonably characterized as `giv[ing] rise to an
intuitively obviously inference of anticompetitive effect.'''
(citation omitted)).
\7\ See, e.g., In re Realcomp II, Ltd., 148 F.T.C. ___, No.
9320, 2009 FTC LEXIS 250 at *51 (Oct. 30, 2009) (Comm'n Op.)
(explaining that if conduct is ``inherently suspect'' in nature, and
there are no cognizable procompetitive justifications, the
Commission can condemn it ``without proof of market power or actual
effects'').
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The Commission has long held that an invitation to collude violates
Section 5 of the FTC Act even where there is no proof that the
competitor accepted the invitation.\8\ There are various reasons for
this. First, unaccepted solicitations may facilitate coordination
between competitors because they reveal information about the
solicitor's intentions or preferences. Second, it can be difficult to
discern whether a competitor has accepted a solicitation. Third,
finding a violation may deter similar conduct--conduct that has no
legitimate business purpose.\9\
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\8\ See, e.g., In re Valassis Commc'ns, Inc., 141 F.T.C. 247
(2006); In re Stone Container, 125 F.T.C. 853 (1998); In re
Precision Moulding, 122 F.T.C. 104 (1996). See also In re McWane,
Inc., Docket No. 9351, Opinion of the Commission on Motions for
Summary Decision at 20-21 (F.T.C. Aug. 9, 2012) (``an invitation to
collude is `the quintessential example of the kind of conduct that
should be . . . challenged as a violation of Section 5' '') (citing
the Statement of Chairman Leibowitz and Commissioners Kovacic and
Rosch, In re U-Haul Int'l, Inc., 150 F.T.C. 1, 53 (2010)). This
conclusion has been endorsed by leading antitrust scholars. See P.
Areeda & H. Hovenkamp, VI ANTITRUST LAW ] 1419 (2003); Stephen
Calkins, Counterpoint: The Legal Foundation of the Commission's Use
of Section 5 to Challenge Invitations to Collude is Secure,
ANTITRUST Spring 2000, at 69. In a case brought under a state's
version of Section 5, the First Circuit expressed support for the
Commission's application of Section 5 to invitations to collude. Liu
v. Amerco, 677 F.3d 489 (1st Cir. 2012).
\9\ In re Valassis Comm'c, Inc., 141 F.T.C. 247, 283 (2006)
(Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Order to Aid Public
Comment).
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III. The Proposed Consent Order
The Proposed Order contains the following substantive provisions:
Section II, Paragraph A of the Proposed Order enjoins Step N Grip
from communicating with its competitors about rates or prices, with a
proviso permitting public posting of rates.
Section II, Paragraph B prohibits Step N Grip from entering into,
participating in, maintaining, organizing, implementing, enforcing,
inviting, offering, or soliciting an agreement with any competitor to
divide markets, to allocate customers, or to fix prices.
Section II, Paragraph C bars Step N Grip from urging any competitor
to raise, fix or maintain its price or rate levels or to limit or
reduce service terms or levels.
Section II, Paragraph D forbids Step N Grip from instructing or
encouraging a distributor or seller to engage in the conduct proscribed
in Section II, Paragraphs A through C.
Sections III-VI of the Proposed Order impose certain standard
reporting and compliance requirements on Step N Grip.
The Proposed Order will expire in 20 years.
By direction of the Commission.
Donald S. Clark,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2015-27934 Filed 11-2-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6750-01-P