Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program, 42053-42066 [2015-17469]

Download as PDF 42053 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations PENNSYLVANIA—1997 ANNUAL PM2.5 NAAQS—Continued [Primary and secondary] Designation Classification Designated area Date 1 * * * * Type * Date 2 * Type * 1 This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted. 2 This date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted. * * * * * PENNSYLVANIA—2006 24-HOUR PM2.5 NAAQS [Primary and secondary] Designation Classification Designated area Date 1 * * * * Lancaster, PA: Lancaster County ................................................................................................... * 1 This 2 This * * * * Date 2 * July 16, 2015 .. Attainment * * Type * ................ * date is 30 days after November 13, 2009, unless otherwise noted. date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted. * * * * [FR Doc. 2015–17471 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560–50–P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 82 [EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9930–55– OAR] RIN 2060–AG12 Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Determination of acceptability. AGENCY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors. DATES: This determination is effective on July 16, 2015. ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 (continuation of Air Docket A–91–42). All electronic documents in the docket SUMMARY: tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES * Type VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 are listed in the index at www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/ DC), William J. Clinton West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744, and the telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566– 1742. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 343–9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@ epa.gov, or by mail at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004. For more information on the Agency’s process for administering the SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to the original SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13,044). Notices and rulemakings under PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 the SNAP program, as well as other EPA publications on protection of stratospheric ozone, are available at EPA’s Ozone Depletion Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html including the SNAP portion at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning B. Foam Blowing C. Solvent Cleaning D. Aerosols E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks II. Section 612 Program A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing Section 612 C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes This action presents EPA’s most recent decision to list as acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors. New substitutes are: • R–450A in new vending machines; • R–448A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses; • R–513A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses; • R–449A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses; E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42054 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations • Hydrofluoroolefin 1 (HFO)1336mzz(Z) in rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only); and • Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) in non-mechanical heat transfer, three solvent cleaning enduses, aerosol solvents, and adhesives and coatings. For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit EPA’s Ozone Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ ozone/snap/lists/. Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable, subject to narrowed use limits; or acceptable, subject to use conditions are also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail. Appendix A contains tables summarizing today’s listing decisions for these new substitutes. The statements in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column in the tables provide additional information, but are not legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In addition, the ‘‘Further Information’’ column may not include a comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow recommendations in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of the table to use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many instances, the information simply refers to standard operating practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted, would not require significant changes to existing operating practices. You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this action, in Docket EPA– HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov. tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 1. R–450A EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–450A acceptable as a substitute for use in new equipment in vending machines. R–450A, marketed under the trade name Solstice® N–13, is a weighted 1 Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having at least one double bond. VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) and 58 percent HFO1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–13 (R– 450A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA performed assessments to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments are available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 under the following name: • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R–450A’’ EPA previously listed R–450A as acceptable for use as a refrigerant in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62,863). Environmental information: R–450A has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze(E), have global warming potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 2 and one to six,3 respectively. When these values are weighted by mass percentage, then R–450A has a 100-year integrated GWP (100-yr GWP) of about 600. The components of R–450A are both excluded from the definition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).4 2 Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and Miller, H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/ publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html. 3 Hodnebrog, ;., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S., Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P., Wallington, T. J., Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews of Geophysics, 51, 300–378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 2013; Javadi, M. S., S<ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J., Hurley, M. D., and Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: products and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 3141–3147, 2008. 4 For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part 82 subpart F. PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Flammability information: R–450A as formulated and in the worst-case fractionation formulation is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many refrigerants. The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO1234ze(E), the components of R–450A, respectively. The manufacturer of R– 450A recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer’s AEL, and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the manufacturer’s safety data sheet (SDS), in the American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R–450A has an ODP of zero, comparable 5 to or lower than other listed substitutes. R–450A’s GWP of about 600 is higher than that of some acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP of one and propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–441A with GWPs ranging from three to eight; is comparable to IKON– B’s GWP of approximately 550; and is lower than FRIGC FR–12’s GWP of approximately 1,080.6 Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-use. The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other refrigerants and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other 5 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)–22 with an ODP of 0.055. 6 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 grams (g) or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that requires larger charge sizes. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; 7 8 and one to six; 9 respectively. If these values are weighted by mass percentage, then R–448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The components of R–448A are excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1). Flammability information: R–448A as 2. R–448A formulated and in the worst-case fractionation formulation is not EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–448A flammable. acceptable as a substitute for use in: Toxicity and exposure data: Potential • Commercial ice machines (new and health effects of exposure to this retrofit equipment) substitute include drowsiness or • Refrigerated transport (new and dizziness. The substitute may also retrofit equipment) irritate the skin or eyes or cause • Retail food refrigeration—lowfrostbite. At sufficiently high temperature stand-alone equipment concentrations, the substitute may cause (i.e., equipment designed to maintain irregular heartbeat. The substitute could internal temperatures at 32 °F (0° C) cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by or below) (new and retrofit vapors in a confined space. These equipment) potential health effects are common to • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket many refrigerants. systems and remote condensing units The AIHA has established WEELs of (new and retrofit equipment) 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32, R–448A, marketed under the trade HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for name Solstice® N–40, is a weighted HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFOblend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is 1234ze(E), the components of R–448A. also known as difluoromethane (CAS The manufacturer of R–448A Reg. No. 75–10–5); 26 percent HFC-125, recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an which is also known as 1,1,1,2,28-hour TWA for the blend. EPA pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– anticipates that users will be able to 33–6); 21 percent HFC-134a, which is meet the AIHA WEELs and also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane manufacturer’s AEL, and address (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); 20 percent potential health risks by following HFO-1234yf, which is also known as requirements and recommendations in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other No 754–12–1); and 7 percent HFOsafety precautions common to the 1234ze(E), which is also known as refrigeration and air conditioning trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS industry. Reg. No. 29118–24–9). Comparison to other substitutes in You may find the redacted these end-uses: R–448A has an ODP of submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– zero, comparable 10 to or lower than the 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov other substitutes acceptable in these under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–40 (R– end-uses. In refrigerated transport, many 448A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA substitutes listed as acceptable have performed assessments to examine the comparable or higher GWPs, such as health and environmental risks of this HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC substitute. These assessments are refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; 2003–0118 under the following names: • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 7 Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit. in Retail Food Refrigeration and 8 Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen, Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R– M. P., Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R. 448A’’ Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use mechanisms of gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms, in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– OH radicals, and O3. Chemical Physics Letters 439, 18–22, 2007. 448A’’ 9 Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008. Environmental information: R–448A Op. cit. has an ODP of zero. Its components, 10 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFOchlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R–502A, and HCFC– 22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0. 1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E) have GWPs tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; moreover, these risks are common to many refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP. EPA finds R–450A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R–450A is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes acceptable in the same end-use. VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:39 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 42055 other substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for refrigerated transport have a lower GWP including R–450A, CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600. For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for commercial ice machines have a lower GWP including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor compression, Stirling cycle, and R– 450A with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600. R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to or lower than a number of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food refrigeration—supermarket systems and remote condensing units, including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a, R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to approximately 2,110. R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is higher than the GWP of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, including CO2 with a GWP of one and R–450A with a GWP of about 600. R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to the GWP of several refrigerants listed as acceptable for the retail food refrigeration-low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC134a with a GWP of 1430 and a number of HFC blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 1,500.11 The GWP of R–448A is higher than that of some other listed substitutes for the low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use, including CO2, propane, isobutane, and R–441A (with GWPs ranging from one to eight). Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, 11 Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not subdivided the retail food refrigeration—standalone equipment end-use. In the final rule that changes the status of certain refrigerants for this end-use and which we are issuing contemporaneously with this action, we have determined that the refrigerant choices for lowtemperature stand-alone equipment, for which greater cooling capacity is required, are more limited than for other stand-alone equipment (which we refer to as medium-temperature equipment). In that action, we subdivided the stand-alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this action we are evaluating low-temperature equipment and medium-temperature equipment as separate end-uses. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42056 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments are available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 under the following names: • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: R–513A’’ • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Cold Storage Warehouses and Industrial Process Refrigeration Substitute: R–513A’’ • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Household Refrigerators and Freezers and Water Coolers Substitute: R– 513A’’ • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– 3. R–513A 513A’’ • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–513A Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending acceptable as a substitute for use in: Machines, and Commercial Ice • Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit Machines Substitute: R–513A’’ equipment) Environmental information: R–513A • Cold storage warehouses (new and has an ODP of zero. Its components, retrofit equipment) HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs • Commercial ice machines (new and of 1,430 and one to four,13 respectively. retrofit equipment) If these values are weighted by mass • Household refrigerators and freezers percentage, then R–513A has a GWP of (new and retrofit equipment) • Industrial process air-conditioning about 630. The components of R–513A are both excluded from the definition of (new and retrofit equipment) • Industrial process refrigeration (new VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 and retrofit equipment) CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the • Reciprocating, screw and scroll development of SIPs to attain and chillers (new and retrofit equipment) maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly • Refrigerated transport (new and venting or releasing this refrigerant retrofit equipment) blend is limited by the venting • Retail food refrigeration—lowprohibition under section 608(c)(2) of temperature and mediumthe CAA, codified at 40 CFR temperature 12 stand-alone equipment 82.154(a)(1). (new and retrofit equipment) Flammability information: R–513A as • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket formulated and in the worst-case systems and remote condensing units fractionation formulation is not (new and retrofit equipment) flammable. • Vending machines (new and retrofit Toxicity and exposure data: Potential equipment) health effects of exposure to this • Water coolers (new and retrofit substitute include drowsiness or equipment) dizziness. The substitute may also irritate the skin or eyes or cause R–513A, marketed under the trade frostbite. At sufficiently high name Opteon® XP 10, is a weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The substitute could also known as 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 56 vapors in a confined space. These percent HFO-1234yf, which is also potential health effects are common to known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene many refrigerants. (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). The AIHA has established WEELs of You may find the redacted 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-hour submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov respectively, the components of R– under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 10 (R– 513A. The manufacturer of R–513A 513A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an performed assessments to examine the 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 12 As provided in the listing decision for R–448A anticipates that users will be able to for retail food refrigeration, we are making separate meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the listing decisions for low-temperature stand-alone manufacturer’s AEL, and address equipment (i.e. equipment designed to maintain potential health risks by following internal temperatures at 32 °F (0 °C) or below) and tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES ASHRAE 15, and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses. EPA finds R–448A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R–448A is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone equipment designed to maintain internal temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C). VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:39 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 13 Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit. PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R–513A has an ODP of zero, comparable 14 to or lower than other listed substitutes in these enduses. R–513A’s GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a number of other substitutes in retail food refrigeration—supermarket systems and remote condensing units, including R– 450A, HFC-134a, R–407A, R–407C, and a number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 2,110. R–513’s GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some other acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, including CO2 with a GWP of one. In retail food refrigeration—lowtemperature stand-alone equipment, R– 513A’s GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a number of other substitutes, including IKON B, R–450A, FRIGC FR–12, HFC-134a, and R– 426Awith GWPs ranging from approximately 550 to approximately 1,500. In retail food-refrigeration— medium temperature stand-alone equipment and vending machines, R– 513A’s GWP of about 630 is higher than that of some acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP of one and propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–441A with GWPs ranging from three to eight; is comparable to the GWPs of IKON–B and R–450A, which are approximately 550 to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR–12’s GWP of approximately 1,080.15 In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to approximately 3,990; acceptable substitutes for refrigerated transport with a lower GWP include CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, with GWPs in the range of zero to one. For cold storage warehouses and industrial process refrigeration, many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 14 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0. 15 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that requires larger charge sizes. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to approximately 3,990; acceptable substitutes for new cold storage warehouses and for industrial process refrigeration with a lower GWP include CO2 and ammonia with GWPs in the range of zero to one. For commercial ice machines, most other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R–450A, R–404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. Ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero is also an acceptable substitute in this end-use. In household refrigerators and freezers, many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs than R–513A, such as R–450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. R–513A’s GWP of approximately 630 is higher than those of some other acceptable substitutes in this end-use for new equipment, including propane, isobutane, and R– 441A 16 (with GWPs ranging from three to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of 124. For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers, most other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. In these end-uses, acceptable substitutes with lower GWPs for new equipment include ammonia absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for centrifugal chillers only, trans-1chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with GWPs in the range of zero to seven. For industrial process air conditioning and water coolers, all other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning 16 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 441Aare acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes to 57 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that requires larger charge sizes. VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:49 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 42057 industry; moreover, those risks are common to many refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses. EPA finds R–513A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R–513A is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1). Flammability information: R–449A as formulated and in the worst-case fractionation formulation is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to this 4. R–449A substitute include drowsiness or EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–449A dizziness. The substitute may also acceptable as a substitute for use in: irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high • Commercial ice machines (new and concentrations, the substitute may cause retrofit equipment) • Refrigerated transport (new and irregular heartbeat. The substitute could retrofit equipment) cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by • Retail food refrigeration—lowvapors in a confined space. These temperature stand-alone equipment potential health effects are common to (new and retrofit equipment) many refrigerants. • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket The AIHA has established WEELs of systems and remote condensing units 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32, (new and retrofit equipment) HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm R–449A, marketed under the trade for HFO-1234yf, the components of R– name Opteon® XP 40, is a weighted 449A. The manufacturer of R–449A blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on an also known as difluoromethane (CAS 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA Reg. No. 75–10–5); 24.7 percent HFCanticipates that users will be able to 125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– manufacturer’s AEL and address 33–6); 25.7 percent HFC-134a, which is potential health risks by following also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane requirements and recommendations in (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 25.3 the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other percent HFO-1234yf, which is also safety precautions common to the known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene refrigeration and air conditioning (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). industry. You may find the redacted Comparison to other substitutes in submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– these end-uses: R–449A has an ODP of 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov zero, comparable 18 to or lower than the under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 40 (R– other substitutes acceptable in these 449A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA end-uses. In refrigerated transport, many performed assessments to examine the substitutes listed as acceptable have health and environmental risks of this comparable or higher GWPs than R– substitute. These assessments are 449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFCavailable in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 134a, R–404A, and other HFC 2003–0118 under the following names: • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; R–449A’’ other substitutes listed as acceptable • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use substitutes for refrigerated transport in Retail Food Refrigeration and have a lower GWP including R–450A, Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and R–449A’’ Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from Environmental information: R–449A zero to about 600. has an ODP of zero. Its components, For commercial ice machines, many HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO- substitutes listed as acceptable have 1234yf have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430; comparable or higher GWPs than R– and one to four,17 respectively. If these 449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFCvalues are weighted by mass percentage, 134a, R–404A and other HFC blends then R–449A has a GWP of about 1,400. with GWPs ranging from approximately The components of R–449A are 1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as excluded from the definition of VOC acceptable substitutes for commercial under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 17 Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit. PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 18 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42058 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations ice machines have a lower GWP including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor compression, Stirling cycle and R–450A, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600. R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to or lower than a number of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food refrigeration—supermarket systems and remote condensing units, including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a, R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to approximately 2,110. R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is higher than the GWP of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, including CO2 with a GWP of one and R–450A with a GWP of about 600. R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to the GWP of substitutes listed as acceptable for retail food refrigeration—low-temperature standalone equipment, including HFC-134a of 1,430 and a number of HFC blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 1,500 and is higher than those of some other listed substitutes in this end-use, including CO2 with a GWP of one and propane, isobutane, and R–441A (with GWPs ranging from three to eight).19 Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP in these same end-uses. EPA finds R–449A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R–449A is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES 5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers (MPHE) EPA’s decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers acceptable as a substitute for use in new 19 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that requires larger charge sizes. VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:49 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 and retrofit equipment in nonmechanical heat transfer.20 MPHE, marketed under the trade name SineraTM, is a HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture (approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been identified, comprising more than 99% of the material. You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 under the following name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Nonmechanical Heat Transfer Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ Environmental information: MPHE has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP of MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately nine days. MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1). Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to this substitute include serious eye irritation, skin irritation, and respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also be harmful. The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many refrigerants. EPA anticipates that MPHE will be used in a manner consistent with the recommendations specified in the SDS. The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the AEL and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. 20 Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine cycle have typically been included through listings in the non-mechanical heat transfer end-use. EPA may review organic Rankine cycle applications separately in the future. PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero, comparable 21 to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in this same enduse. Additionally, MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to the GWP of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as C7 Fluoroketone, HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC125 (with GWPs ranging from about one to 3,500). Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many heat transfer fluids, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP. EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-use. B. Foam Blowing 1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100) EPA’s decision: EPA finds HFO1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only).22 HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9), and goes by the trade names of FEA–1100 and Formacel® 1100. You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for FEA–1100 as a Foam Blowing Agent Received 8/3/11.’’ EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100).’’ We have previously listed HFO1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in 21 In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC– 123, HCFC–22, and CFC–113 have ODPs ranging from 0.01 to 0.8. 22 Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray foam end-use. In the final rule that we are issuing contemporaneously with this action, we have determined that the foam blowing agent choices differ for rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray foam, rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam, and rigid PU one-component foam sealants. Therefore, in this action we are evaluating highpressure two-part spray foam as a separate end-use from rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam and rigid PU one-component foam sealants. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES a number of other foam blowing enduses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62,863). Environmental information: HFO1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It has a 100-yr GWP of about nine.23 HFO1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)), which addresses the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS, based on its claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical reactivity. Flammability information: HFO1336mzz(Z) is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many foam blowing agents. Additionally, as described in the Premanufacture Notice (PMN), exposure to consumers is expected to be minimal since HFO1336mzz(Z) is not domestically manufactured or used by consumers. EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require persons to submit a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least 90 days before they manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer use (80 FR 32,003, 32,005). EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with the recommendations specified in the SDS. The WEEL committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA.24 EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety precautions common to the foam blowing industry. Comparison to other foam blowing agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero, comparable 25 to or lower than other acceptable non-ozone-depleting substitutes for the rigid PU highpressure, two-part spray foam end-use. HFO-1336mzz(Z)’s GWP of about nine is lower than or comparable to other 23 Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B., Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)CF3CHÕCHCF3: OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539–10,549, 2011. 24 The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzzZ%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf. 25 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–11 and HCFC–141b have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070; commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and HFC-227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc, with GWPs ranging from about 900 to 1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with GWPs of one to seven 26 27 28 and zero, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those risks are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for this end-use. EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-use. C. Solvent Cleaning 1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) EPA’s decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers acceptable as a substitute for use in: • Electronics cleaning • Metals cleaning • Precision cleaning MPHE, marketed under the trade name SionTM, is an HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture (approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been identified, comprising more than 99% of the material. You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ 26 Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Preliminary Report: Analyses of tCFP’s Potential Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department of Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit. 27 Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K., Nielsen, O.J., Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric chemistry of transCF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3’’, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 199, 92–97, 2008. 28 Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. ThreeDimensional Model Evaluation of the Global Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Draft report, undated. PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 42059 EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Metals Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and Precision Cleaning Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ Environmental information: The environmental information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in listing A.5. Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety precautions common to the solvent cleaning industry. Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of zero, comparable 29 to or lower than the ODP of other substitutes in these three end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to those of other acceptable substitutes in these three end-uses, such as acetone, trans-1chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans1,2-dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,30 less than ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the solvent cleaning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many solvents, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses. EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. 29 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–113, methyl chloroform, HCFC–225ca, and HCFC–225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to 0.8. 30 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42060 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations D. Aerosols tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES 1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) EPA’s decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers acceptable as a substitute for use as an aerosol solvent. MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture (approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been identified, comprising more than 99% of the material. You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol Solvents Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ Environmental information: The environmental information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in listing I.A.5. Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety precautions common to the aerosol solvent industry. Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero, comparable 31 to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in this end-use. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to the GWP of other acceptable substitutes in the same enduse, such as acetone, trans-1-chloro3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and HFC4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,32 less than ten, 297, and 1,640, 31 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform, CFC–113, HCFC–141b, HCFC–225ca and HCFC–225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to 0.8. 32 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit. VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the aerosol solvent industry; moreover, those risks are common to many aerosol solvents, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP. EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks 1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) EPA’s decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers acceptable as a substitute for use as a carrier solvent in: • Adhesives • Coatings MPHE, marketed under the trade name SuprionTM, is an HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture (approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been identified, comprising more than 99% of the material. You may find the redacted submission in Docket item EPA–HQ– OAR–2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ Environmental information: The environmental information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in listing I.A.5. Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable. Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this substitute is set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 the SDS and in any other safety precautions common to the adhesives and coatings industries. Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of zero, comparable 33 to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in these two end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to those of other acceptable substitutes in the same enduse, such as acetone, trans-1chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2dichloroethylene and HFE–7100 with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,34 less than ten, and 297, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the adhesives and coatings industries; moreover, those risks are common to many carrier solvents for adhesives and coatings, including many of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP. EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable in the same end-uses. II. Section 612 Program A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are: 1. Rulemaking Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available. 33 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform and HCFC–141b have ODPs respectively of 0.1 and 0.11. 34 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ‘‘acceptable’’ substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists and the lists of ‘‘unacceptable,’’ ‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions,’’ and ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use limits’’ substitutes are found in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G. 3. Petition Process Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional six months. 4. 90-day Notification Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the producer’s unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes. 5. Outreach Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial applications. tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES 6. Clearinghouse Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances. B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing Section 612 On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 13,044) which established the process for administering the SNAP program and issued EPA’s first lists identifying acceptable and unacceptable substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G of 40 CFR part 82). These VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 sectors are the following: refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of ODS. Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are currently or potentially available. C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate commerce,35 it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment manufacturers, and end-users 36 when they are responsible for introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the agency. The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable (40 CFR 35 As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ‘‘interstate commerce’’ means the distribution or transportation of any product between one state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state, territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the release of a product from the facility in which the product was manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at the site of United States Customs clearance. 36 As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘end-use’’ means processes or classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors where a substitute is used to replace an ODS. PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 42061 82.180(b)).37 Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both considered ‘‘use restrictions’’ and are explained below. Substitutes that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance with those restrictions. Substitutes that are found to be unacceptable may not be used after the date specified in the rulemaking adding such substitute to the list of unacceptable substitutes.38 After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions.’’ Entities that use these substitutes without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA’s SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)). For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an industry sector. The Agency requires a user of a narrowed use substitute to demonstrate that no other acceptable substitutes are available for their specific application. EPA describes these substitutes as ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use limits.’’ A person using a substitute that is acceptable subject to narrowed use limits in applications and end-uses that are not consistent with the narrowed use limit is using the substitute in violation of section 612 of the CAA and EPA’s SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)). The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower risk alternative is available or potentially 37 The SNAP regulations also include ‘‘pending,’’ referring to submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under this provision. 38 As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘use’’ means any use of a substitute for a Class I or Class II ozonedepleting compound, including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses, such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States. E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42062 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations available 39 provides EPA with the authority to change the listing status of a particular substitute if such a change is justified by new information or changed circumstance. As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13,044 on March 18, 1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative risk framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the ozone-depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other available or potentially available alternatives for the same enduses. The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity, occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the particular application of a substitute—and over time, information applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria should be informed by our current overall understanding of environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and current knowledge about available and potentially available substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes. In contrast, EPA publishes ‘‘notices of acceptability’’ or ‘‘determinations of acceptability,’’ to notify the public of substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP program (59 FR 13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute. Many SNAP listings include ‘‘comments’’ or ‘‘further information’’ to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program. However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by OSHA). The ‘‘further information’’ classification does not necessarily include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all statements in the ‘‘further information’’ column in their use of these substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound operating practices that have already been identified in existing industry and/ or building codes or standards. Thus many of the statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make significant changes in existing operating practices. D. Additional Information About the SNAP Program For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA’s Ozone Depletion Web site at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more information on the agency’s process for administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of substitutes, refer to the SNAP final rulemaking published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. A complete chronology of SNAP decisions and the appropriate citations are found at: www.epa.gov/ ozone/snap/chron.html. List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Dated: July 2, 2015. Sarah Dunham, Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs. Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING Substitute Decision Further information 1 R-450A (Solstice® N-13) Acceptable R-450A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately 600. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). This blend is nonflammable. The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established workplace environmental exposure limits (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm (8-hr time weighted average (TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO1234ze(E), respectively. The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for R-450A of 880 ppm (8-hr TWA). EPA previously listed this refrigerant as acceptable for use in retrofit vending machine equipment. End-Use tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Vending machines (new equipment). 39 In addition to acceptable commercially available substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available substitutes. The SNAP program’s definition of ‘‘potentially VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 available ’’ is ‘‘any alternative for which adequate health, safety, and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which the PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not yet produced or sold.’’ (40 CFR 82.172) E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42063 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued Substitute Decision Further information 1 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment). R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment). R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable Retail food refrigeration (new and retrofit supermarket systems and remote condensing units, and new and retrofit low-temperature 3 stand-alone equipment only). R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Cold storage warehouses (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment). tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES End-Use R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2), HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,387. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42064 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1 R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). This blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). Household refrigerators and freezers (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Industrial process air conditioning (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Industrial process refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment). R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable Retail food refrigeration R-513A (Opteon® XP (new and retrofit super10). market systems and remote condensing units, and new and retrofit low-temperature 2 and medium-temperature 3 stand-alone equipment).. Vending machines (new R-513A (Opteon® XP and retrofit equipment). 10). Acceptable R-513A (Opteon® XP 10). Acceptable tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Water coolers (new and retrofit equipment). VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Acceptable Frm 00078 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42065 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued End-Use Decision Substitute Further information 1 R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8hr TWA). R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8hr TWA). R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). The blend is nonflammable. The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8hr TWA). MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. This blend is nonflammable. The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE. Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment). R-449A (Opteon® XP 40). Acceptable Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment). R-449A (Opteon® XP 40). Acceptable Retail food refrigeration (new and retrofit supermarket systems remote condensing units, and new and retrofit lowtemperature 2 standalone equipment only). R-449A (Opteon® XP 40). Acceptable Non-mechanical heat transfer (new and retrofit equipment). Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; SineraTM). Acceptable 1 Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants. refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. 3 ‘‘Medium-temperature’’ refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. 2 ‘‘Low-temperature’’ FOAM BLOWING End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1 Rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only).. HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)1,1,1,4,4,4hexafluorobut-2-ene; cis-1,1,1,4,4,4,hexafluorobut-2-ene; FEA–1100; Formacel® 1100). Acceptable HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a 100-year GWP of roughly nine. This compound is nonflammable. The WEEL committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for HFO-1336mzz(Z). tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Solvent Cleaning Electronics cleaning, metals cleaning, precision cleaning. VerDate Sep<11>2014 Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; SionTM). 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Acceptable Frm 00079 MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. This blend is nonflammable. The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE. Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1 42066 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations FOAM BLOWING—Continued End-use Substitute Further information 1 Decision Aerosols Solvent ............................. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE). Acceptable MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. This blend is nonflammable. The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks Adhesives, coatings ......... 1 Observe Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; SuprionTM). MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. This blend is nonflammable. The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE. recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for the listed substitute. BILLING CODE 6560–50–P NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES National Endowment for the Humanities 45 CFR Part 1171 Change of Address National Endowment for the Humanities, National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities. ACTION: Final rule; technical amendments. AGENCY: The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is amending its Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) regulations to reflect changes to its address as a result of an office move. These amendments are nonsubstantive, editorial in nature, and are intended to improve the accuracy of the regulations of NEH. DATES: Effective July 16, 2015. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lisette Voyatzis, Deputy General Counsel, National Endowment for the Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 4060, Washington, DC 20506. SUMMARY: VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:14 Jul 15, 2015 Jkt 235001 NEH is making technical amendments to its FOIA regulations published at 45 CFR part 1171 to correct its address as a result of an office move. The former street address was: 1100 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20506. The new street address is: 400 7th Street SW., Washington, DC 20506. The amendments also correct all room numbers affected by the office move. All other contact information remains the same. Publication of this document constitutes final action of these changes under the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553). NEH has determined that notice and public comment are unnecessary in this case because these amendments are nonsubstantive and editorial in nature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: [FR Doc. 2015–17469 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES Acceptable List of Subjects in 45 CFR Part 1171 Administrative practice and procedure, Freedom of Information. Therefore, 45 CFR 1171 is amended as follows: PART 1171—PUBLIC ACCESS TO NEH RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 1. The authority citation for part 1171 continues to read as follows: ■ PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 9990 Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552, 31 U.S.C. 3717, E.O. 12600. § 1171.5 [Amended] 2. Section 1171.5 is amended in paragraphs (c)(1) by removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 529, Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 4060, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and in paragraph (c)(2) by removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 419, Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 2200, Washington, DC 20506’’. ■ § 1171.10 [Amended] 3. Section 1171.10 is amended in paragraph (a) by removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 503, Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 4053, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and by removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 419, Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 2200, Washington, DC, 20506’’. ■ Dated: July 1, 2015. Michael McDonald, General Counsel. [FR Doc. 2015–16844 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 7536–01–P E:\FR\FM\16JYR1.SGM 16JYR1

Agencies

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 136 (Thursday, July 16, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42053-42066]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-17469]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-9930-55-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Determination of acceptability.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the
refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning;
aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors.

DATES: This determination is effective on July 16, 2015.

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All
electronic documents in the docket are listed in the index at
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI)
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically
at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-
91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J.
Clinton West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC
20460. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number
for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number
for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202)
343-9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@epa.gov, or by mail at U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries
should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW.,
Washington, DC 20004.
For more information on the Agency's process for administering the
SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to
the original SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March
18, 1994 (59 FR 13,044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP
program, as well as other EPA publications on protection of
stratospheric ozone, are available at EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site at
www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html including the SNAP portion at
www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
B. Foam Blowing
C. Solvent Cleaning
D. Aerosols
E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
II. Section 612 Program
A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program
B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612
C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work
D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes

This action presents EPA's most recent decision to list as
acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air
conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives,
coatings, and inks sectors. New substitutes are:
R-450A in new vending machines;
R-448A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
R-513A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
R-449A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;

[[Page 42054]]

Hydrofluoroolefin \1\ (HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in rigid
polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only); and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\ Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having
at least one double bond.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) in non-
mechanical heat transfer, three solvent cleaning end-uses, aerosol
solvents, and adhesives and coatings.
For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone
depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit EPA's Ozone
Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/.
Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable, subject to narrowed use
limits; or acceptable, subject to use conditions are also listed in the
appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail.
Appendix A contains tables summarizing today's listing decisions for
these new substitutes. The statements in the ``Further Information''
column in the tables provide additional information, but are not
legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In
addition, the ``Further Information'' column may not include a
comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when
using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow
recommendations in the ``Further Information'' column of the table to
use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these
statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding
under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many
instances, the information simply refers to standard operating
practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When
using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the
information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted,
would not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. R-450A
EPA's decision: EPA finds R-450A acceptable as a substitute for use
in new equipment in vending machines.
R-450A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-13, is a
weighted blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2) and 58
percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-13 (R-450A)
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name:
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines
Substitute: R-450A''
EPA previously listed R-450A as acceptable for use as a refrigerant
in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses (October 21,
2014, 79 FR 62,863).
Environmental information: R-450A has an ozone depletion potential
(ODP) of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze(E), have global
warming potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 \2\ and one to six,\3\ respectively.
When these values are weighted by mass percentage, then R-450A has a
100-year integrated GWP (100-yr GWP) of about 600. The components of R-
450A are both excluded from the definition of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing
the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and
maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly
venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting
prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR
82.154(a)(1).\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\2\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are from:
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D.,
Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and
Miller, H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This document is accessible at
www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
\3\ Hodnebrog, [Oslash]., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S.,
Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P., Wallington, T.
J., Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of
Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews
of Geophysics, 51, 300-378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 2013; Javadi, M.
S., S[oslash]ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J., Hurley, M. D., and
Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF:
products and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom
initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 3141-
3147, 2008.
\4\ For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part
82 subpart F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability information: R-450A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many
refrigerants.
The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established
Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800
ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-450A, respectively. The manufacturer of
R-450A recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace
of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users
will be able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL,
and address potential health risks by following requirements and
recommendations in the manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), in the
American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to
the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R-450A has an ODP
of zero, comparable \5\ to or lower than other listed substitutes. R-
450A's GWP of about 600 is higher than that of some acceptable
substitutes in this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP of one
and propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging
from three to eight; is comparable to IKON-B's GWP of approximately
550; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately 1,080.\6\
Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to
flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-use.
The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other refrigerants
and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by use
consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other

[[Page 42055]]

industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety
precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry;
moreover, these risks are common to many refrigerants, including many
of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\5\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 with an ODP of 0.055.
\6\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes
to 150 grams (g) or less and thus may limit their use for equipment
that requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

EPA finds R-450A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-450A is
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes
acceptable in the same end-use.
2. R-448A
EPA's decision: EPA finds R-448A acceptable as a substitute for use
in:

Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone
equipment (i.e., equipment designed to maintain internal temperatures
at 32 [deg]F (0[deg] C) or below) (new and retrofit equipment)
Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

R-448A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-40, is a
weighted blend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 26 percent HFC-125, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 21
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); 20 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No 754-12-1); and 7 percent
HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-40 (R-448A)
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food
Refrigeration and Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-448A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated
Transport Substitute: R-448A''
Environmental information: R-448A has an ODP of zero. Its
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E)
have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; ^{7 8} and one to
six; \9\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass percentage,
then R-448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The components of R-448A are
excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA,
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\7\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
\8\ Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen, M. P.,
Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R. Atmospheric chemistry of
CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-
phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3.
Chemical Physics Letters 439, 18-22, 2007.
\9\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability information: R-448A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many
refrigerants.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-448A. The manufacturer of R-448A
recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA
anticipates that users will be able to meet the AIHA WEELs and
manufacturer's AEL, and address potential health risks by following
requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other
safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-448A has an
ODP of zero, comparable \10\ to or lower than the other substitutes
acceptable in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\10\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R-502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging
from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC
refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to approximately
3,990; other substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for
refrigerated transport have a lower GWP including R-450A,
CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, with
GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC
blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other
substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for commercial ice
machines have a lower GWP including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor
compression, Stirling cycle, and R-450A with GWPs ranging from zero to
about 600.
R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to or lower than a number
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units,
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time:
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to
approximately 2,110. R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is higher than the GWP
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units,
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of
about 600.
R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to the GWP of several
refrigerants listed as acceptable for the retail food refrigeration-
low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC-134a with a GWP of
1430 and a number of HFC blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to
1,500.\11\ The GWP of R-448A is higher than that of some other listed
substitutes for the low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use,
including CO2, propane, isobutane, and R-441A (with GWPs
ranging from one to eight).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\11\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not
subdivided the retail food refrigeration--stand-alone equipment end-
use. In the final rule that changes the status of certain
refrigerants for this end-use and which we are issuing
contemporaneously with this action, we have determined that the
refrigerant choices for low-temperature stand-alone equipment, for
which greater cooling capacity is required, are more limited than
for other stand-alone equipment (which we refer to as medium-
temperature equipment). In that action, we subdivided the stand-
alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this action we are evaluating
low-temperature equipment and medium-temperature equipment as
separate end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 42056]]

ASHRAE 15, and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS,
and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
EPA finds R-448A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-448A is
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found
acceptable in the same end-uses.
3. R-513A
EPA's decision: EPA finds R-513A acceptable as a substitute for use
in:

Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment)
Cold storage warehouses (new and retrofit equipment)
Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
Household refrigerators and freezers (new and retrofit
equipment)
Industrial process air-conditioning (new and retrofit
equipment)
Industrial process refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment)
Reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers (new and retrofit
equipment)
Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature and medium-
temperature \12\ stand-alone equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\12\ As provided in the listing decision for R-448A for retail
food refrigeration, we are making separate listing decisions for
low-temperature stand-alone equipment (i.e. equipment designed to
maintain internal temperatures at 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C) or below) and
medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone equipment designed
to maintain internal temperatures above 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)
Vending machines (new and retrofit equipment)
Water coolers (new and retrofit equipment)

R-513A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 10, is a
weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 56 percent HFO-1234yf,
which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-
12-1).
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 10 (R-513A)
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:

``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and
Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: R-513A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Cold Storage
Warehouses and Industrial Process Refrigeration Substitute: R-513A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Household
Refrigerators and Freezers and Water Coolers Substitute: R-513A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated Transport
Substitute: R-513A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines
Substitute: R-513A''

Environmental information: R-513A has an ODP of zero. Its
components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs of 1,430 and one to
four,\13\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass
percentage, then R-513A has a GWP of about 630. The components of R-
513A are both excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations
(see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\13\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability information: R-513A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many
refrigerants.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-
hour TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively, the components of
R-513A. The manufacturer of R-513A recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an
8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-513A has an
ODP of zero, comparable \14\ to or lower than other listed substitutes
in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\14\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a number
of other substitutes in retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems
and remote condensing units, including R-450A, HFC-134a, R-407A, R-
407C, and a number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately
600 to 2,110. R-513's GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some
other acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units,
including CO2 with a GWP of one.
In retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone
equipment, R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a
number of other substitutes, including IKON B, R-450A, FRIGC FR-12,
HFC-134a, and R-426Awith GWPs ranging from approximately 550 to
approximately 1,500. In retail food-refrigeration--medium temperature
stand-alone equipment and vending machines, R-513A's GWP of about 630
is higher than that of some acceptable substitutes in this end-use,
such as CO2 with a GWP of one and propane (R-290), isobutane
(R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging from three to eight; is
comparable to the GWPs of IKON-B and R-450A, which are approximately
550 to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately
1,080.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\15\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and
other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600
to approximately 3,990; acceptable substitutes for refrigerated
transport with a lower GWP include CO2, direct nitrogen
expansion, and Stirling cycle, with GWPs in the range of zero to one.
For cold storage warehouses and industrial process refrigeration,
many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs,
such as R-

[[Page 42057]]

450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs
ranging from approximately 600 to approximately 3,990; acceptable
substitutes for new cold storage warehouses and for industrial process
refrigeration with a lower GWP include CO2 and ammonia with
GWPs in the range of zero to one.
For commercial ice machines, most other substitutes listed as
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, R-404A and
other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990.
Ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero is also an acceptable
substitute in this end-use.
In household refrigerators and freezers, many substitutes listed as
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs than R-513A, such as R-450A,
R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from
approximately 600 to 3,990. R-513A's GWP of approximately 630 is higher
than those of some other acceptable substitutes in this end-use for new
equipment, including propane, isobutane, and R-441A \16\ (with GWPs
ranging from three to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of 124.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\16\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441Aare
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes
to 57 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers, most
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs,
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging
from approximately 600 to 3,990. In these end-uses, acceptable
substitutes with lower GWPs for new equipment include ammonia
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene,
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
For industrial process air conditioning and water coolers, all
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs,
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging
from approximately 600 to 3,990.
Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
EPA finds R-513A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-513A is
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found
acceptable in the same end-uses.
4. R-449A
EPA's decision: EPA finds R-449A acceptable as a substitute for use
in:

Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone
equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

R-449A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 40, is a
weighted blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 24.7 percent HFC-125, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 25.7
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 25.3 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 40 (R-449A)
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated
Transport Substitute:
R-449A''
``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food
Refrigeration and
Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-449A''
Environmental information: R-449A has an ODP of zero. Its
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO-1234yf have GWPs of 675;
3,500; 1,430; and one to four,\17\ respectively. If these values are
weighted by mass percentage, then R-449A has a GWP of about 1,400. The
components of R-449A are excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs
to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this
refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section
608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\17\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability information: R-449A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many
refrigerants.
The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf, the components
of R-449A. The manufacturer of R-449A recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on
an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-449A has an
ODP of zero, comparable \18\ to or lower than the other substitutes
acceptable in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\18\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as
HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging
from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; other substitutes listed as
acceptable substitutes for refrigerated transport have a lower GWP
including R-450A, CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and
Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as
HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from
approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as

[[Page 42058]]

acceptable substitutes for commercial ice machines have a lower GWP
including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor compression, Stirling cycle
and R-450A, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to or lower than a number
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units,
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time:
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to
approximately 2,110. R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is higher than the GWP
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units,
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of
about 600.
R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to the GWP of substitutes
listed as acceptable for retail food refrigeration--low-temperature
stand-alone equipment, including HFC-134a of 1,430 and a number of HFC
blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 1,500 and is higher than
those of some other listed substitutes in this end-use, including
CO2 with a GWP of one and propane, isobutane, and R-441A
(with GWPs ranging from three to eight).\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\19\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable
under SNAP in these same end-uses.
EPA finds R-449A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-449A is
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found
acceptable in the same end-uses.
5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers (MPHE)
EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers
acceptable as a substitute for use in new and retrofit equipment in
non-mechanical heat transfer.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\20\ Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine cycle have
typically been included through listings in the non-mechanical heat
transfer end-use. EPA may review organic Rankine cycle applications
separately in the future.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

MPHE, marketed under the trade name Sinera^TM, is a HFO.
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the following name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in
Non-mechanical Heat Transfer Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene
isomers.''
Environmental information: MPHE has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP
of MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately nine
days. MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA,
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include serious eye irritation, skin irritation, and
respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also be harmful.
The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors
in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many
refrigerants.
EPA anticipates that MPHE will be used in a manner consistent with
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The manufacturer recommends
an AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates that users will be
able to meet the AEL and address potential health risks by following
requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety
precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of
zero, comparable \21\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in
this same end-use. Additionally, MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or
comparable to the GWP of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-
use, such as C7 Fluoroketone, HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC-125
(with GWPs ranging from about one to 3,500). Flammability risks are
low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use
consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and
other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many heat
transfer fluids, including many of those already listed as acceptable
under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\21\ In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC-123, HCFC-22,
and CFC-113 have ODPs ranging from 0.01 to 0.8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable
in the same end-use.

B. Foam Blowing

1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100)
EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute
for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses
only).\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\22\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not
subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray foam end-use. In the
final rule that we are issuing contemporaneously with this action,
we have determined that the foam blowing agent choices differ for
rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray foam, rigid PU low-pressure
two-part spray foam, and rigid PU one-component foam sealants.
Therefore, in this action we are evaluating high-pressure two-part
spray foam as a separate end-use from rigid PU low-pressure two-part
spray foam and rigid PU one-component foam sealants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene
and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9), and
goes by the trade names of FEA-1100 and Formacel[supreg] 1100.
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
FEA-1100 as a Foam Blowing Agent Received 8/3/11.'' EPA performed an
assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this
substitute. This assessment is available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute:
HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100).''
We have previously listed HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in

[[Page 42059]]

a number of other foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR
62,863).
Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It
has a 100-yr GWP of about nine.\23\ HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The
manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-1336mzz(Z) from the
definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)), which
addresses the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS,
based on its claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical
reactivity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\23\ Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B.,
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH[boxH]CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction
Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical
Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539-10,549, 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Flammability information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many foam
blowing agents. Additionally, as described in the Premanufacture Notice
(PMN), exposure to consumers is expected to be minimal since HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is not domestically manufactured or used by consumers. EPA
issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require
persons to submit a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least
90 days before they manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer
use (80 FR 32,003, 32,005).
EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The WEEL committee of the
Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the
workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA.\24\ EPA anticipates that users
will be able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety
precautions common to the foam blowing industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\24\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Comparison to other foam blowing agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP
of zero, comparable \25\ to or lower than other acceptable non-ozone-
depleting substitutes for the rigid PU high-pressure, two-part spray
foam end-use. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about nine is lower than or
comparable to other acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as
HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070; commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and HFC-
227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC-227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc, with
GWPs ranging from about 900 to 1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with GWPs of one to seven
^{26 27 28} and zero, respectively. Flammability risks are low,
as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent
with the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety
precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those risks
are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those already
listed as acceptable under SNAP for this end-use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\25\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11 and HCFC-141b
have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0.
\26\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Preliminary Report:
Analyses of tCFP's Potential Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department
of Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
\27\ Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K., Nielsen, O.J.,
Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric
chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions
with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3'', Journal of
Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 199, 92-97, 2008.
\28\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Three-Dimensional Model
Evaluation of the Global Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of
Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Draft
report, undated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-use listed above,
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other
substitutes found acceptable in the same end-use.

C. Solvent Cleaning

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers
acceptable as a substitute for use in:

Electronics cleaning
Metals cleaning
Precision cleaning

MPHE, marketed under the trade name Sion^TM, is an HFO.
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Metals
Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and Precision Cleaning Substitute:
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
Environmental information: The environmental information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in
listing A.5.
Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address potential
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS
and in any other safety precautions common to the solvent cleaning
industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP
of zero, comparable \29\ to or lower than the ODP of other substitutes
in these three end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable
to those of other acceptable substitutes in these three end-uses, such
as acetone, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene, HFE-7100, and HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to
seven,\30\ less than ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability
risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by
use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS,
and other safety precautions common in the solvent cleaning industry;
moreover, those risks are common to many solvents, including many of
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\29\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-113, methyl
chloroform, HCFC-225ca, and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02
to 0.8.
\30\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable
in the same end-uses.

[[Page 42060]]

D. Aerosols

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers
acceptable as a substitute for use as an aerosol solvent.
MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers,
represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol
Solvents Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
Environmental information: The environmental information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in
listing I.A.5.
Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section
in listing I.A.5.
EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer's
AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential health risks by
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other
safety precautions common to the aerosol solvent industry.
Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of
zero, comparable \31\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in
this end-use. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to the GWP
of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as acetone,
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene,
HFE-7100, and HFC-4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\32\ less than
ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety
precautions common in the aerosol solvent industry; moreover, those
risks are common to many aerosol solvents, including many of those
already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\31\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform,
CFC-113, HCFC-141b, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from
0.02 to 0.8.
\32\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers
acceptable as a substitute for use as a carrier solvent in:

Adhesives
Coatings

MPHE, marketed under the trade name Suprion^TM, is an
HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
You may find the redacted submission in Docket item EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information
Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2,
2012.'' EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and
environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in
docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on
Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings Substitute:
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
Environmental information: The environmental information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in
listing I.A.5.
Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS
and in any other safety precautions common to the adhesives and
coatings industries.
Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP
of zero, comparable \33\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes
in these two end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to
those of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as
acetone, trans-1-chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and HFE-
7100 with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\34\ less than ten, and 297,
respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity
risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL,
recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the
adhesives and coatings industries; moreover, those risks are common to
many carrier solvents for adhesives and coatings, including many of
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\33\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform
and HCFC-141b have ODPs respectively of 0.1 and 0.11.
\34\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for
evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to
this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
The major provisions of section 612 are:
1. Rulemaking
Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful
to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride,
methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and
chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute
that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human
health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an
alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the
environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available.

[[Page 42061]]

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes
Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes
unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of
acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ``acceptable''
substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists and the lists of
``unacceptable,'' ``acceptable subject to use conditions,'' and
``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits'' substitutes are found in
the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.
3. Petition Process
Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to
add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in
accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny
a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the
revised lists within an additional six months.
4. 90-day Notification
Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a
chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not
less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into
interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class
I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the
producer's unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes.
5. Outreach
Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to
maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist
users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing
alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial
applications.
6. Clearinghouse
Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public
clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and
alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and
manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances.

B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612

On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR
13,044) which established the process for administering the SNAP
program and issued EPA's first lists identifying acceptable and
unacceptable substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G
of 40 CFR part 82). These sectors are the following: refrigeration and
air conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of
ODS.
Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those
substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human
health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are
currently or potentially available.

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work

Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a
substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one
of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with
notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute
at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for
significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this
requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity
likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate
commerce,\35\ it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment
manufacturers, and end-users \36\ when they are responsible for
introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process
begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the
submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The
CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a
substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the
agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\35\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ``interstate commerce'' means
the distribution or transportation of any product between one state,
territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another
state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the
sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state,
territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for
which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the
release of a product from the facility in which the product was
manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic
manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at
the site of United States Customs clearance.
\36\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``end-use'' means processes or
classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors
where a substitute is used to replace an ODS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for
substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use
conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable
(40 CFR 82.180(b)).\37\ Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both
considered ``use restrictions'' and are explained below. Substitutes
that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all
applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without
limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are
acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance
with those restrictions. Substitutes that are found to be unacceptable
may not be used after the date specified in the rulemaking adding such
substitute to the list of unacceptable substitutes.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\37\ The SNAP regulations also include ``pending,'' referring to
submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under
this provision.
\38\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``use'' means any use of a
substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-depleting compound,
including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or
product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses,
such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This
definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both
for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the
United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP
requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in
the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination
that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way
that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health
and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ``acceptable
subject to use conditions.'' Entities that use these substitutes
without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA's
SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use
within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use
of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an
industry sector. The Agency requires a user of a narrowed use
substitute to demonstrate that no other acceptable substitutes are
available for their specific application. EPA describes these
substitutes as ``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits.'' A person
using a substitute that is acceptable subject to narrowed use limits in
applications and end-uses that are not consistent with the narrowed use
limit is using the substitute in violation of section 612 of the CAA
and EPA's SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute
that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower
risk alternative is available or potentially

[[Page 42062]]

available \39\ provides EPA with the authority to change the listing
status of a particular substitute if such a change is justified by new
information or changed circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\39\ In addition to acceptable commercially available
substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available
substitutes. The SNAP program's definition of ``potentially
available '' is ``any alternative for which adequate health, safety,
and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification
process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which
the agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if
not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not
yet produced or sold.'' (40 CFR 82.172)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial
SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13,044 on March
18, 1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative
risk framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the
ozone-depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other
available or potentially available alternatives for the same end-uses.
The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program
considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity,
occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions
to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and
human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the
particular application of a substitute--and over time, information
applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply
fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either
to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the
menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new
information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall
goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as
acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and
the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria
should be informed by our current overall understanding of
environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and
current knowledge about available and potentially available
substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has
changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to
more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health
impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency
publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses
notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of
prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject
to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute
from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
In contrast, EPA publishes ``notices of acceptability'' or
``determinations of acceptability,'' to notify the public of
substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As
described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP
program (59 FR 13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that
rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are
acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose
any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute.
Many SNAP listings include ``comments'' or ``further information''
to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional
information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements
are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program.
However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other
regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by
OSHA). The ``further information'' classification does not necessarily
include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the
substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the
SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all
statements in the ``further information'' column in their use of these
substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound
operating practices that have already been identified in existing
industry and/or building codes or standards. Thus many of the
statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make
significant changes in existing operating practices.

D. Additional Information About the SNAP Program

For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or
additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more information on the agency's
process for administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation
of substitutes, refer to the SNAP final rulemaking published March 18,
1994 (59 FR 13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. A complete
chronology of SNAP decisions and the appropriate citations are found
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/chron.html.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: July 2, 2015.
Sarah Dunham,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End-Use Substitute Decision Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vending machines (new equipment). R-450A Acceptable......... R-450A has a 100-year global
(Solstice[supreg] N- warming potential (GWP) of
13). approximately 600. This
substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234ze(E), which is also known as
trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
This blend is nonflammable.
The American Industrial Hygiene
Association (AIHA) has
established workplace
environmental exposure limits
(WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm
(8-hr time weighted average
(TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO-
1234ze(E), respectively. The
manufacturer recommends an
acceptable exposure limit (AEL)
for the workplace for R-450A of
880 ppm (8-hr TWA).
EPA previously listed this
refrigerant as acceptable for use
in retrofit vending machine
equipment.

[[Page 42063]]

Commercial ice machines (new and R-448A Acceptable......... R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Solstice[supreg] N- approximately 1,390. This
40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 29118-24-9).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and R-448A Acceptable......... R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Solstice[supreg] N- approximately 1,390. This
40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2), HFO-1234yf, which is
also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 29118-24-9).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new R-448A Acceptable......... R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
and retrofit supermarket systems (Solstice[supreg] N- approximately 1,387. This
and remote condensing units, and 40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
new and retrofit low-temperature which is also known as
3 stand-alone equipment only). difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 29118-24-9).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Centrifugal chillers (new and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year global
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP warming potential (GWP) of
10). approximately 630. This
substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Cold storage warehouses (new and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Commercial ice machines (new and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42064]]

Household refrigerators and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
freezers (new and retrofit (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
equipment). 10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Industrial process air R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
conditioning (new and retrofit (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
equipment). 10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Industrial process refrigeration R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
(new and retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Reciprocating, screw and scroll R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
chillers (new and retrofit (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
equipment). 10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
and retrofit supermarket systems (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
and remote condensing units, and 10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
new and retrofit low-temperature 134a, which is also known as
2 and medium-temperature 3 stand- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
alone equipment).. Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Vending machines (new and R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).
Water coolers (new and retrofit R-513A Acceptable......... R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 630. This
10). substitute is a blend of HFC-
134a, which is also known as
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
1234yf, which is also known as
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
(CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
This blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
respectively. The manufacturer
recommends an AEL for the
workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
(8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42065]]

Commercial ice machines (new and R-449A Acceptable......... R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 1,400. This
40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
is also known as 2,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 754-12-1).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
manufacturer recommends an AEL
for the workplace for R-449A of
830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and R-449A Acceptable......... R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
retrofit equipment). (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 1,400. This
40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
which is also known as
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
is also known as 2,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 754-12-1).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
manufacturer recommends an AEL
for the workplace for R-449A of
830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new R-449A Acceptable......... R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
and retrofit supermarket systems (Opteon[supreg] XP approximately 1,400. This
remote condensing units, and new 40). substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
and retrofit low-temperature 2 which is also known as
stand-alone equipment only). difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
10-5); HFC-125, which is also
known as 1,1,1,2,2-
pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
also known as 1,1,1,2-
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
is also known as 2,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
No. 754-12-1).
The blend is nonflammable.
The AIHA has established WEELs of
1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
manufacturer recommends an AEL
for the workplace for R-449A of
830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Non-mechanical heat transfer (new Methoxytridecafluoro Acceptable......... MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
and retrofit equipment). heptene isomers approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
(MPHE; SineraTM). mixture of structural and stereo
isomers, which includes trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
eight isomeric structures.
This blend is nonflammable.
The manufacturer recommends an AEL
of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
\2\ ``Low-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below
32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
\3\ ``Medium-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above
32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.

Foam Blowing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End-use Substitute Decision Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rigid polyurethane spray foam HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- Acceptable......... HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692-
(high-pressure, two-part uses 1,1,1,4,4,4- 49-9) has no ozone depletion
only).. hexafluorobut-2- potential (ODP) and a 100-year
ene; cis- GWP of roughly nine.
1,1,1,4,4,4,- This compound is nonflammable.
hexafluorobut-2- The WEEL committee of the
ene; FEA-1100; Occupational Alliance for Risk
Formacel[supreg] Science recommends a WEEL for the
1100). workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour
TWA for HFO-1336mzz(Z).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solvent Cleaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electronics cleaning, metals Methoxytridecafluoro Acceptable......... MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
cleaning, precision cleaning. heptene isomers approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
(MPHE; SionTM). mixture of structural and stereo
isomers, which includes trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
eight isomeric structures.
This blend is nonflammable.
The manufacturer recommends an AEL
of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 42066]]

Aerosols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solvent.......................... Methoxytridecafluoro Acceptable......... MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
heptene isomers approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
(MPHE). mixture of structural and stereo
isomers, which includes trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
eight isomeric structures.
This blend is nonflammable.
The manufacturer recommends an AEL
of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adhesives, coatings.............. Methoxytridecafluoro Acceptable......... MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
heptene isomers approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
(MPHE; SuprionTM). mixture of structural and stereo
isomers, which includes trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
eight isomeric structures.
This blend is nonflammable.
The manufacturer recommends an AEL
of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for the listed substitute.

[FR Doc. 2015-17469 Filed 7-15-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.